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Min-Gyung S, Pel P, An CY, Park CW, Lee SH, Yang TJ, Chin YW. Chemical constituents from the roots of Cynanchum wilfordii with PCSK9 secretion inhibitory activities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 226:114205. [PMID: 38971497 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
From the Cynanchum wilfordii roots, 32 compounds, including 5 previously undescribed (1, 4-6, 12) and 27 known (2, 3, 7-11, 13-32) compounds, were isolated, and their structures were elucidated using NMR spectroscopic data and MS data aided by ECD calculations or the modified Mosher's reaction. All isolates were tested for their inhibitory effects on proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) secretion. Among the isolates, compound 4, a methyl cholesterol analog, exhibited the most potent effect in reducing PCSK9 secretion, along with PCSK9 downregulation at the mRNA and protein levels via FOXO1/3 upregulation. Moreover, compound 4 attenuated statin-induced PCSK9 expression and enhanced the uptake of DiI-LDL low-density lipoprotein. Thus, compound 4 is suggested to be a potential candidate for controlling cholesterol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Son Min-Gyung
- Natural Products Research Institute and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Pisey Pel
- Natural Products Research Institute and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Yeong An
- Natural Products Research Institute and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Woong Park
- Natural Products Research Institute and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Hyun Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics & Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Yang
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics & Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- Natural Products Research Institute and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Wei F, Zhang W, Kang S, Liu P, Yao Y, Liu W, Aikemu A, Pang K, Yang X. Phenolic Constituents with Glucose Uptake and GLUT4 Translocation Bioactivities from the Fruits of Cordia dichotoma. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:16298-16311. [PMID: 38982710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
From the fruits of Cordia dichotoma, 11 new phenolic compounds, dichotomins A-K, were isolated, together with 19 known compounds. Through the analysis of detailed NMR data and HRESIMS data, the planar structures of all compounds were confirmed. Using NMR calculations, the absolute configuration of dichotomins A-K was elucidated by comparing their observed and computed electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Dichotomin H (8) and dichotomin I (9) were determined as two pairs of enantiomers. The enantiomers of compounds 8 and 9 were separated using chiral-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the stereostructure of each enantiomer was determined by similarly calculating the ECD. Compounds 3, 5, 7, 17, 18, 23-25, and 27-30 increased glucose uptake by 1.04- to 2.85-folds at concentrations of 30 μg/mL. Further studies revealed that compounds 3 and 5 had a moderate effect on glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation activity in L6 cells. At 30 μg/mL, compound 3 significantly enhanced AMPK phosphorylation and GLUT4 expression. As a whole, compound 3 has the potential to be a drug candidate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wei
- International Cooperation Base for Active Substances in Traditional Chinese Medicine in Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wenting Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shiwen Kang
- International Cooperation Base for Active Substances in Traditional Chinese Medicine in Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Pengxin Liu
- International Cooperation Base for Active Substances in Traditional Chinese Medicine in Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yudi Yao
- International Cooperation Base for Active Substances in Traditional Chinese Medicine in Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wenqi Liu
- International Cooperation Base for Active Substances in Traditional Chinese Medicine in Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ainiwaer Aikemu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hotan Characteristic Chinese Traditional Medicine Research, College of Xinjiang Uyghur Medicine, Hotan 848000, China
| | - Kejian Pang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Yili Normal University, Yili 835000, China
| | - Xinzhou Yang
- International Cooperation Base for Active Substances in Traditional Chinese Medicine in Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, China
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3
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Guan T, Wang R, Wang J, Zhang Q, Liu Z, Yang Z, Guan F, Li W, Wang Y. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of chemical constituents in goupi plaster prepared by various extraction methods using UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS and UPLC-MS/MS. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31365. [PMID: 38818193 PMCID: PMC11137406 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Goupi plaster, a representative preparation of black plaster, has demonstrated promising effects in treating knee osteoarthritis. However, high temperature used in traditional frying extraction may cause decomposition of its effective components, thus limiting the efficacy. This study aimed to explore the scientific nature of the traditional preparation technology of Goupi plaster, and to compare the effects of different extraction methods on the types of chemical components and the content of index components. The UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS and UPLC-MS/MS technologies which have high efficiency, sensitivity and accuracy, were used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the chemical components of Goupi plaster under different preparation processes. The results show that the extraction solvent approach is different from the traditional frying extraction method, and has a positive effect. However, the mechanism of action of Goupi plaster is complex and its pharmacological effects are diverse. Future studies should explore whether it necessary to change the frying extraction method. This experiment provides a theoretical basis that will guide further scientific discussion and research into the frying extraction of Goupi plaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Guan
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Rong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jiajing Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Ziheng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Zhixin Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Feng Guan
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Weinan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Shen M, Wu L, Zhang Y, You R, Xiao J, Kang Y. Leaf litter from Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight leads to root rot outbreaks by Fusarium solani, hindering continuous cropping. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiae068. [PMID: 38684466 PMCID: PMC11099666 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight (CA) is experiencing challenges with continuous cropping obstacle (CCO) due to soil-borne fungal pathogens. The leaf litter from CA is regularly incorporated into the soil after root harvesting, but the impact of this practice on pathogen outbreaks remains uncertain. In this study, a fungal strain D1, identified as Fusarium solani, was isolated and confirmed as a potential factor in CCO. Both leave extract (LE) and root extract (RE) were found to inhibit seed germination and the activities of plant defense-related enzymes. The combinations of extracts and D1 exacerbated these negative effects. Beyond promoting the proliferation of D1 in soil, the extracts also enhanced the hypha weight, spore number, and spore germination rate of D1. Compared to RE, LE exhibited a greater degree of promotion in the activities of pathogenesis-related enzymes in D1. Additionally, caffeic acid and ferulic acid were identified as potential active compounds. LE, particularly in combination with D1, induced a shift in the composition of fungal communities rather than bacterial communities. These findings indicate that the water extract of leaf litter stimulated the growth and proliferation of fungal strain D1, thereby augmenting its pathogenicity toward CA and ultimately contributing to the CCO process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224007, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, China
| | - Limeng Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224007, China
| | - Yanzhou Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224007, China
| | - Ruiqiang You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224007, China
| | - Jiaxin Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, China
| | - Yijun Kang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224007, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, China
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5
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Jung DH, Kim HY, Won JH, Park SH. Development of a classification model for Cynanchum wilfordii and Cynanchum auriculatum using convolutional neural network and local interpretable model-agnostic explanation technology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1169709. [PMID: 37332731 PMCID: PMC10272731 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1169709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Cynanchum wilfordii is a perennial tuberous root in the Asclepiadaceae family that has long been used medicinally. Although C. wilfordii is distinct in origin and content from Cynancum auriculatum, a genus of the same species, it is difficult for the public to recognize because the ripe fruit and root are remarkably similar. In this study, images were collected to categorize C. wilfordii and C. auriculatum, which were then processed and input into a deep-learning classification model to corroborate the results. By obtaining 200 photographs of each of the two cross sections of each medicinal material, approximately 800 images were employed, and approximately 3200 images were used to construct a deep-learning classification model via image augmentation. For the classification, the structures of Inception-ResNet and VGGnet-19 among convolutional neural network (CNN) models were used, with Inception-ResNet outperforming VGGnet-19 in terms of performance and learning speed. The validation set confirmed a strong classification performance of approximately 0.862. Furthermore, explanatory properties were added to the deep-learning model using local interpretable model-agnostic explanation (LIME), and the suitability of the LIME domain was assessed using cross-validation in both situations. Thus, artificial intelligence may be used as an auxiliary metric in the sensory evaluation of medicinal materials in future, owing to its explanatory ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Hyun Jung
- Department of Smart Farm Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Youn Kim
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung-si, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Won
- Quality Certification Center, National Development Institute of Korean Medicine (NIKOM), Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Park
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung-si, Republic of Korea
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Comparison of In Vitro Estrogenic Activity of Polygoni multiflori Radix and Cynanchi wilfordii Radix via the Enhancement of ERα/β Expression in MCF7 Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052199. [PMID: 36903444 PMCID: PMC10005224 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal women experience several symptoms, including inflammation and a sharp rise in oxidative stress caused by estrogen deprivation. Although estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) is generally regarded as an effective treatment for menopause, it has been used less frequently due to some adverse effects and high costs. Therefore, there is an immediate need to develop an effective herbal-based treatment that is affordable for low-income populations. Acordingly, this study explored the estrogen-like properties of methanol extracts from Cynanchum wilfordii (CW) and Poligonum multiflorum (PM), two important medicinal plants in Republic of Korea, Japan, and China. Due to the similar names and morphologies of these two radixes, they are frequently confused in the marketplace. Our previous colleagues discriminated between these two plants. In this study, we investigated the estrogenic activity of PM and CW using several in vitro assays with their possible mechanism of action. First, their phytochemical contents, such as gallic acid, 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-glucoside (TSG) and emodin, were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Secondly, estrogen-like activity was assessed utilizing the well-known E-screen test and gene expression analysis in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive MCF7 cells. ROS inhibition and anti-inflammatory effects were analyzed using HaCaT and Raw 264.7 cells, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that PM extracts significantly increased the expression of the estrogen-dependent genes (ERα, ERβ, pS2) and boosted MCF7 cell proliferation in comparison to CW extracts. Additionally, PM extract demonstrated a significant reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as well as an enhanced antioxidant profile compared to the CW extract. Further, the PM extract treatment significantly reduced the generation of nitric oxide (NO) in RAW 264.7 cells, a murine macrophage cell line, demonstrating the anti-inflammatory properties of the extract. Finally, this research offers an experimental foundation for the use of PM as a phytoestrogen to minimize menopausal symptoms.
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Ding X, Wang L, Xu Y, Zheng S, Wang S, Wang L, Qin M, Wu S, Yu Y, Hong J, Zhou H, Xu L, Li C, Xu Y, Yuan C, Wu Y. Chemical constituents from the flowers of Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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8
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Shu P, Li N, Zhang J, Yang Y, Zhao Q, Liu G, Zhang H, Zhao X, Lou Y, Xu T, Liu Q, Xiao F. Natural glycosidic antioxidants from Cynanchum atratum roots. Carbohydr Res 2023; 523:108729. [PMID: 36535216 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Two new rhamnosides, 18-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosylabietic acid (1) and (E)-3,5-dimethoxystilben-4'-O-α-l-rhamnopyranoside (2), five known glucosides (3-7) along with three others were isolated from Cynanchum atratum roots. The structures of new compounds were elucidated by physical data analyses such as NMR, UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, as well as acid hydrolysis. All of them were assessed for their antioxidant activities through 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical ion (ABTS•+), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical (DPPH•) and 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide radical (PTIO•) assay, with l-ascorbic acid used as the positive control. As a result, compounds 3-5 exhibited obvious antioxidant activities. These bioactive components could be promising antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghua Shu
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China
| | - Nianci Li
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China
| | - Jialong Zhang
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China
| | - Qiuyue Zhao
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China
| | - Guangwei Liu
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhao
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China
| | - Yueyue Lou
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China; Institute of Microbial Engineering, Laboratory of Bioresource and Applied Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China; Institute of Microbial Engineering, Laboratory of Bioresource and Applied Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China.
| | - Fugang Xiao
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China.
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Hyeon H, Jang EB, Yoon WJ, Lee JD, Hyun HB, Jung YH, Min J, Ham YM. Proliferation and Metabolic Profiling of Cynanchum wilfordii Adventitious Roots Using Explants from Different Cultivation Methods. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:46756-46768. [PMID: 36570270 PMCID: PMC9773952 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cynanchum wilfordii root is used in traditional herbal medicine owing to its various pharmacological activities. However, C. wilfordii roots are misused owing to their morphological similarities with C. auriculatum. Adventitious root (AR) culture can prevent such misuse, and the selection of plant materials is an important procedure for producing high-quality ARs. This study aimed to compare the proliferation and metabolic profiles of C. wilfordii ARs in two types of explants from different cultivation methods (either cultivated in open field (ECF) or cultivated on a heap of C. wilfordii (ECH)). After 4 weeks of culture, the proliferation rate and number and length of secondary ARs were determined, and 3/4 Murashige and Skoog (MS) salt medium, 4.92 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), and 5% sucrose were suggested as the best proliferation conditions for ARs originating from both ECF and ECH. Through metabolic profiling, ARs from ECH were found to show higher accumulation patterns for flavonoids, polysaccharides, hydroxyacetophenones, aromatic amino acids, and mono-unsaturated fatty acids, which were ascribed to the activation of flavonoid biosynthesis, the phenylpropanoid pathway, and fatty acid desaturase, stimulated by abiotic stresses. In contrast, ARs from ECF had higher levels of TCA cycle intermediates, amino acids in the aspartate-glutamate pathway, and saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, indicating energy metabolism and plant development. Overall, the current study provided information on the optimal conditions for inducing C. wilfordii ARs with higher amounts of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Hyeon
- Biodiversity
Research Institute, Jeju
Technopark, Seogwipo, Jeju 63608, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Bi Jang
- Biodiversity
Research Institute, Jeju
Technopark, Seogwipo, Jeju 63608, Republic of Korea
| | - Weon-Jong Yoon
- Biodiversity
Research Institute, Jeju
Technopark, Seogwipo, Jeju 63608, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Du Lee
- Biodiversity
Research Institute, Jeju
Technopark, Seogwipo, Jeju 63608, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Bong Hyun
- Biodiversity
Research Institute, Jeju
Technopark, Seogwipo, Jeju 63608, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hwan Jung
- Biodiversity
Research Institute, Jeju
Technopark, Seogwipo, Jeju 63608, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min
- Jeju
Chyeonnyeonyakcho Farming Co., Jeju, Jeju 63052, Republic of
Korea
| | - Young-Min Ham
- Biodiversity
Research Institute, Jeju
Technopark, Seogwipo, Jeju 63608, Republic of Korea
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Huang LJ, Fan YM, Jin J, Yi P, Gu W, Jian JY, Yuan CM, Hao XJ. A novelty pregnane C21-steroid from Cynanchum auriculatum. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Constituents from Trichosanthis Radix. Chem Nat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-022-03800-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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12
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Wang L, Cai F, Zhao W, Tian J, Kong D, Sun X, Liu Q, Chen Y, An Y, Wang F, Liu X, Wu Y, Zhou H. Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight., Cynanchum bungei Decne. and Cynanchum wilfordii (Maxim.) Hemsl.: Current Research and Prospects. Molecules 2021; 26:7065. [PMID: 34885647 PMCID: PMC8658831 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight. (CA), Cynanchum bungei Decne. (CB) and Cynanchum wilfordii (Maxim.) Hemsl. (CW) are three close species belonging to the Asclepiadaceous family, and their dry roots as the bioactive part have been revealed to exhibit anti-tumor, neuroprotection, organ protection, reducing liver lipid and blood lipid, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and other activities. Until 2021, phytochemistry investigations have uncovered 232 compounds isolated from three species, which could be classified into C21-steroids, acetophenones, terpenoids, and alkaloids. In this review, the morphology characteristics, species identification, and the relationship of botany, extraction, and the separation of chemical constituents, along with the molecular mechanism and pharmacokinetics of bioactive constituents of three species, are summarized for the first time, and their phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical safety are also updated. Moreover, the direction and limitation of current research on three species is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (L.W.); (F.C.); (W.Z.); (J.T.); (D.K.); (X.S.); (Q.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.A.); (F.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Fujie Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (L.W.); (F.C.); (W.Z.); (J.T.); (D.K.); (X.S.); (Q.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.A.); (F.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Wei Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (L.W.); (F.C.); (W.Z.); (J.T.); (D.K.); (X.S.); (Q.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.A.); (F.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Jinli Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (L.W.); (F.C.); (W.Z.); (J.T.); (D.K.); (X.S.); (Q.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.A.); (F.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Degang Kong
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (L.W.); (F.C.); (W.Z.); (J.T.); (D.K.); (X.S.); (Q.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.A.); (F.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (L.W.); (F.C.); (W.Z.); (J.T.); (D.K.); (X.S.); (Q.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.A.); (F.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (L.W.); (F.C.); (W.Z.); (J.T.); (D.K.); (X.S.); (Q.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.A.); (F.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Yueru Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (L.W.); (F.C.); (W.Z.); (J.T.); (D.K.); (X.S.); (Q.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.A.); (F.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Ying An
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (L.W.); (F.C.); (W.Z.); (J.T.); (D.K.); (X.S.); (Q.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.A.); (F.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Fulin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (L.W.); (F.C.); (W.Z.); (J.T.); (D.K.); (X.S.); (Q.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.A.); (F.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Xue Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (L.W.); (F.C.); (W.Z.); (J.T.); (D.K.); (X.S.); (Q.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.A.); (F.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Yi Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Honglei Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; (L.W.); (F.C.); (W.Z.); (J.T.); (D.K.); (X.S.); (Q.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.A.); (F.W.); (X.L.)
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Bailly C. Anticancer properties of caudatin and related C-21 steroidal glycosides from Cynanchum plants. Steroids 2021; 172:108855. [PMID: 33945800 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Numerous C-21 steroidal glycosides have been isolated from Cynanchum plants. Many of them derive from the aglycone caudatin (CDT) which includes a tetracyclic deacylmetaplexigenin unit and an ikemaoyl ester side chain. CDT can be found in diverse traditional medicines, such as Baishouwu radix used to treat gastro-intestinal disorders. The compound has revealed marked anticancer properties, reviewed here. CDT and its mono-glycoside analogue CDMC display antiproliferative activities against different cancer cell lines in vitro and have revealed significant anticancer effects in tumor xenograft models in vivo. Their mechanism of action is multifactorial, implicating several signaling pathways (Wnt/GSK3/β-catenin, TRAIL/DR5/ER and TNFAIP1/NFκB) which contribute to the antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, antimetastatic and proapoptotic effects of the natural products. CDT also modulates DNA replication, is antioxidant and targets some cancer stem cells. CDT and CDMC are interesting anticancer products, while other CDT glycoside derivatives display antiviral and antifungal activities. Altogether, the present review provides a survey of the pharmacological profiles of CDT and derivatives. The lack of knowledge about the molecular targets of CDT currently limits drug development but the natural product, orally active, warrants further pharmacology and toxicology studies.
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Li C, Wu G, Zhao H, Dong N, Wu B, Chen Y, Lu Q. Natural-Derived Polysaccharides From Plants, Mushrooms, and Seaweeds for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:651813. [PMID: 33981232 PMCID: PMC8108135 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.651813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease impairing the gastrointestinal tract, and its incidence and prevalence have been increasing over time worldwide. IBD greatly reduces peoples' quality of life and results in several life-threatening complications, including polyp, toxic colonic dilatation, intestinal perforation, gastrointestinal bleeding, and cancerization. The current therapies for IBD mainly include drugs for noncritical patients and operation for critical patients. However, continuous use of these drugs causes serious side effects and increased drug resistance, and the demand of effective and affordable drugs with minimal side effects for IBD sufferers is urgent. Natural-derived polysaccharides are becoming a research hotspot for their therapeutic effects on IBD. This study focuses on the research progress of various natural polysaccharides from plants, seaweeds, and mushrooms for the treatment of IBD during recent 20 years. Regulation of oxidative stress, inflammatory status, gut microbiota, and immune system and protection of the intestinal epithelial barrier function are the underlying mechanisms for the natural-derived polysaccharides to treat IBD. The excellent efficacy and safety of polysaccharides make them promising candidates for IBD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, China
| | - Guosong Wu
- Pharmacy Department, Baiyun Branch of Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hualang Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, China
| | - Na Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, China
| | - Bowen Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yujia Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, China
| | - Qiang Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, China
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15
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Caudatin Isolated from Cynanchum auriculatum Inhibits Breast Cancer Stem Cell Formation via a GR/YAP Signaling. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060925. [PMID: 32570844 PMCID: PMC7355644 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the complex tumor microenvironment, cancer stem cells (CSCs), a rare population of cells, are responsible for malignant tumor initiation, metastasis, drug resistance and recurrence. Controlling breast CSCs (BCSCs) using natural compounds is a novel potential therapeutic strategy for clinical cancer treatment. In this study, a mammosphere assay-guided isolation protocol including silica gel, a C18 column, gel filtration, and high-pressure liquid chromatography was used to isolate an inhibitory compound from Cynanchum auriculatum extracts. The isolated inhibitory compound was identified as caudatin. Caudatin inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation, mammosphere formation and tumor growth. Caudatin decreased the CD44+/CD24− and aldehyde dehydrogenase+ cell proportions and the levels of c-Myc, Oct4, Sox2, and CD44. Caudatin induced ubiquitin (Ub)-dependent glucocorticoid receptor (GR) degradation and blocked subsequent Yes-associated protein (YAP) nuclear accumulation and target gene transcription signals in BCSCs. These results show that the GR/YAP signaling pathway regulates BCSC formation and that caudatin may be a potential chemopreventive agent that targets breast cancer cells and CSCs.
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16
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Park HS, Jayakodi M, Lee SH, Jeon JH, Lee HO, Park JY, Moon BC, Kim CK, Wing RA, Newmaster SG, Kim JY, Yang TJ. Mitochondrial plastid DNA can cause DNA barcoding paradox in plants. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6112. [PMID: 32273595 PMCID: PMC7145815 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63233-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The transfer of ancestral plastid genomes into mitochondrial genomes to generate mitochondrial plastid DNA (MTPT) is known to occur in plants, but its impacts on mitochondrial genome complexity and the potential for causing a false-positive DNA barcoding paradox have been underestimated. Here, we assembled the organelle genomes of Cynanchum wilfordii and C. auriculatum, which are indigenous medicinal herbs in Korea and China, respectively. In both species, it is estimated that 35% of the ancestral plastid genomes were transferred to mitochondrial genomes over the past 10 million years and remain conserved in these genomes. Some plastid barcoding markers co-amplified the conserved MTPTs and caused a barcoding paradox, resulting in mis-authentication of botanical ingredients and/or taxonomic mis-positioning. We identified dynamic and lineage-specific MTPTs that have contributed to mitochondrial genome complexity and might cause a putative barcoding paradox across 81 plant species. We suggest that a DNA barcoding guidelines should be developed involving the use of multiple markers to help regulate economically motivated adulteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Seung Park
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Murukarthick Jayakodi
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Hyun Lee
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeon Jeon
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Oh Lee
- Phyzen Genomics Institute, Seongnam, 13558, Korea
| | - Jee Young Park
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Cheol Moon
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Kug Kim
- Genomics Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Rod A Wing
- Arizona Genomics Institute, School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Steven G Newmaster
- NHP Research Alliance, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811, Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Yang
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Shin SM, Cho YM, Kwon JE, Lee SR, Kang SC. Supplementation with Cynanchum wilfordii radix extract for 8 weeks lowers serum total cholesterol: A controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2313-2322. [PMID: 32243009 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This trial aimed to determine the effect of a standardized Cynanchum wilfordii Radix extract (CWE) on the lipid profiles of individuals with elevated total cholesterol (T-Chol) using a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled design. Ninety-six Korean individuals with elevated T-Chol level (200-240 mg/dL) were recruited and randomly allocated to groups that received VasH300 (300 mg CWE/day, n = 32), VasH600 (600 mg CWE/day, n = 32), or a placebo (n = 32) groups. Primary outcomes included T-Chol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglyceride, and safety (adverse events, biochemical parameters, and hematological parameters). Data were compared using a one-way analysis of variance followed by Duncan's post-hoc tests (among groups) and paired t tests (within groups). Values for T-Chol and LDL-cholesterol were significantly reduced in the VasH300 and groups (VasH300: 4.0 and 6.4%, respectively; VasH600; 3.8 and 5.8% respectively; both p < .05) compared with the placebo group and were not dose-dependent. VasH300 significantly improved the lipid profiles of individuals with elevated T-Chol without any serious side effects. Daily supplementation with VasH might be an alternative strategy with which to modify cholesterol-related parameters, especially in individuals with elevated T-Chol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Mi Shin
- Department of Korean Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicinem, Semyung University, Jecheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mi Cho
- Department of Clinical Research, Research Mentor Co. Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Kwon
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ryul Lee
- Department of Convergence Biomedical Science, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Cencer, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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18
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Zhang M, Hong LZ, Gu MF, Wu CD, Zhang G. Transcriptome analyses revealed molecular responses of Cynanchum auriculatum leaves to saline stress. Sci Rep 2020; 10:449. [PMID: 31949203 PMCID: PMC6965089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57219-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cynanchum auriculatum is a traditional herbal medicine in China and can grow in saline soils. However, little is known in relation to the underlying molecular mechanisms. In the present study, C. auriculatum seedlings were exposed to 3.75‰ and 7.5‰ salinity. Next, transcriptome profiles of leaves were compared. Transcriptome sequencing showed 35,593 and 58,046 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in treatments with 3.75‰ and 7.5‰, compared with the control, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses of these DEGs enriched various defense-related biological pathways, including ROS scavenging, ion transportation, lipid metabolism and plant hormone signaling. Further analyses suggested that C. auriculatum up-regulated Na+/H+ exchanger and V-type proton ATPase to avoid accumulation of Na+. The flavonoid and phenylpropanoids biosynthesis pathways were activated, which might increase antioxidant capacity in response to saline stress. The auxin and ethylene signaling pathways were upregulated in response to saline treatments, both of which are important plant hormones. Overall, these results raised new insights to further investigate molecular mechanisms underlying resistance of C. auriculatum to saline stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Xinyang Agricultural Experiment Station of Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, 224045, P.R. China
| | - Li-Zhou Hong
- Xinyang Agricultural Experiment Station of Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, 224045, P.R. China
| | - Min-Feng Gu
- Xinyang Agricultural Experiment Station of Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, 224045, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Dong Wu
- Xinyang Agricultural Experiment Station of Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, 224045, P.R. China.
| | - Gen Zhang
- Shenzhen GenProMetab Biotechnology Company Limited., Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 51800, P.R. China.
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19
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Acute and 13-week subchronic toxicity studies of hot-water extract of Cynanchi wilfordii Radix in Sprague-Dawley rats. Toxicol Res 2019; 36:89-98. [PMID: 31998628 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-019-00018-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cynanchi wilfordii Radix (CWR) is a herbal medicinal plant that is well-known and used in Asian countries as a health food. In this study, acute and 13-week subchronic oral toxicity studies of hot-water extract of CWR (CWR-WE) were performed in Sprague-Dawley rats. For the acute toxicity study, CWR-WE was administered once orally to five male and five female rats at doses of 800, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg. Mortality, clinical signs, and body weight changes were monitored over 14 days. There were no treatment-related changes in these parameters and the approximate lethal dose of CWR-WE in male and female rats was determined to be > 5000 mg/kg. For the subchronic toxicity study, CWR-WE was administered orally once daily to male and female rats for 13 consecutive weeks at doses of 0 (vehicle control), 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg/day (n = 10 rats/sex/group). There were no toxicologically significant changes with regard to clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, ophthalmology, urinalysis, hematology, clinical chemistry, organ weights, necropsy findings, and histopathological findings. These results suggest that the oral no observed adverse-effect level of CWR-WE is > 2000 mg/kg/day for both sexes, although target organs were not identified.
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20
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Chen WH, Zhang ZZ, Ban YF, Rahman K, Ye BZ, Sun XL, Tan HY, Zheng XH, Liu HY, Xu LC, Yan B, Han T. Cynanchum bungei Decne and its two related species for "Baishouwu": A review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 243:112110. [PMID: 31351190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cynanchum bungei Decne. (CB) (Asclepiadaceae) and its two related species Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight. (CA) and Cynanchum wilfordii (Maxim.) Hemsl. (CW) are well known Chinese herbal medicines known by the name Baishouwu. Among them, CB has long been used for nourishing the kidney and liver, strengthening the bones and muscles, and regulating stomachache. However, to date, no comprehensive review on Baishouwu has been published. AIM OF THE REVIEW This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary on traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of the three herbal components of Baishouwu with the ultimate objective of providing a guide for future scientific and therapeutic potential use of Baishouwu. MATERIAL AND METHODS A literature search was undertaken on CB, CA and CW by analyzing the information from scientific databases (SciFinder, Pubmed, Elsevier, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Baidu Scholar). Information was also gathered from local classic herbal literatures and conference papers on ethnopharmacology and the information provided in this review has been obtained from peer-reviewed papers. RESULTS Comparative analysis of literature search indicate that ethnopharmacological use of CB was recorded in China, however, CA and CW have been used in China, Korea and Japan. To date, 151 chemical compounds have been isolated from these species, and the major chemical constituents have been revealed to be acetophenones, C21-steroids, terpenoids, and alkaloids. These compounds and extracts have been proven to exhibit significant pharmacological activities, including anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, hypolipidemic, anti-obesity, hepatoprotective, antifungal, antiviral, anti-depressant, vasodilating and estrogenic activities. CONCLUSIONS CB, CA and CW collectively known as Baishouwu are valuable medicinal herbs with multiple pharmacological activities. The traditional use for nourishing liver is closely associated with the hepatoprotective activity. The available literature performs that various of the activity of Baishouwu can be attributed to acetophenones and C21-steroids. It is high time that more efforts should be focused on the underlying mechanisms of their beneficial bioactivities and the structure activity relationship of the constituents, as well as their potential synergistic and antagonistic effects. The proper toxicology evaluation is crucial to guarantee the safety, efficacy, and eligibility for medical use. Further research on the comprehensive evaluation of medicinal quality and the understanding of multi-target network pharmacology of Baishouwu is in great request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hua Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Daxue Road, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Zhang
- Naval Medical Institute of PLA, 880 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yan-Fei Ban
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Navy Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Khalid Rahman
- Faculty of Science, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Bing-Zhu Ye
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Navy Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Daxue Road, Jinan, 250355, China; Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Navy Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hui-Ying Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Daxue Road, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Daxue Road, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Hong-Yan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Daxue Road, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Ling-Chuan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Daxue Road, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Bin Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Daxue Road, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Ting Han
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Navy Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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21
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Lee D, Lee DH, Choi S, Lee JS, Jang DS, Kang KS. Identification and Isolation of Active Compounds from Astragalus membranaceus that Improve Insulin Secretion by Regulating Pancreatic β-Cell Metabolism. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E618. [PMID: 31627434 PMCID: PMC6843762 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In type 2 diabetes (T2D), insufficient secretion of insulin from the pancreatic β-cells contributes to high blood glucose levels, associated with metabolic dysregulation. Interest in natural products to complement or replace existing antidiabetic medications has increased. In this study, we examined the effect of Astragalus membranaceus extract (ASME) and its compounds 1-9 on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from pancreatic β-cells. ASME and compounds 1-9 isolated from A. membranaceus stimulated insulin secretion in INS-1 cells without inducing cytotoxicity. A further experiment showed that compounds 2, 3, and 5 enhanced the phosphorylation of total insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and Akt, and activated pancreatic and duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX-1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), which are associated with β-cell function and insulin secretion. The data suggest that two isoflavonoids (2 and 3) and a nucleoside (compound 5), isolated from the roots of A. membranaceus, have the potential to improve insulin secretion in β-cells, representing the first step towards the development of potent antidiabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahae Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
| | - Da Hye Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Sungyoul Choi
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
| | - Jin Su Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Dae Sik Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
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Kim DS, Lee JT, Hong SJ, Cho JJ, Shin EC. Thermal Coursed Effect of Comprehensive Changes in the Flavor/Taste of Cynanchi wilfordii. J Food Sci 2019; 84:2831-2839. [PMID: 31573691 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate alterations in volatile compounds and chemical components that may affect the sensory properties of Cynanchi wilfordii roasted at 120 °C and 180 °C for various durations of time (0 to 4 min). For volatile compound profiles, tridecane, tetradecane, and ethyl hexyl ether were detected as major compounds of the sample without roasting. As the roasting temperature increased, the types of volatile compounds increased, whereas the content decreased with an increase in heterocyclic compound generation. The sample roasted at 120 °C for 1 min showed a notably different profile pattern from the other roasted samples. For the sniffing test performed by trained panelists using gas chromatography olfactometry, naphthalene and nonanal, which induce spicy and raw C. wilfordii, respectively, were perceived most intensely throughout all the samples. In the electronic tongue analysis, the sample roasting at 180 °C showed an increased and decreased pattern in umami taste and saltiness, respectively, with increased roasting time. Electronic tongue analysis results showed that the sample roasted at 180 °C for 4 min would have the best sensory preference. Along with the volatile compound profiles, the sample roasted at 120 °C for 1 min had more sourness than the other samples, and would potentially have distinctive sensory characteristics. This study should provide baseline data on variations in the sensory properties and industrial applications of C. wilfordii upon roasting. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Various applications of food ingredients through changes in sensory characteristics by roasting will provide consumers more options for food selections. Accordingly, this study will be utilized by (1) individuals and food companies who are interested in functional foods, (2) individuals and food industries that seek optimum roasting conditions for proper sensory characteristics of foods, and (3) farmers and crop producers who seek for utilization the applications of Cynanchi wilfordii as a food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Som Kim
- Authors are with Dept. of Food Science, Gyeongnam Natl. Univ. of Science and Technology, Jinju, 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Jookyeong Tracy Lee
- Authors are with Dept. of Food Science, Gyeongnam Natl. Univ. of Science and Technology, Jinju, 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jun Hong
- Authors are with Dept. of Food Science, Gyeongnam Natl. Univ. of Science and Technology, Jinju, 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ju Cho
- Authors are with Dept. of Food Science, Gyeongnam Natl. Univ. of Science and Technology, Jinju, 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Authors are with Dept. of Food Science, Gyeongnam Natl. Univ. of Science and Technology, Jinju, 52725, Republic of Korea
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23
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Kim JY, Lee JW, Lee JS, Jang DS, Shim SH. Inhibitory effects of compounds isolated from roots of Cynanchum wilfordii on oxidation and glycation of human low-density lipoprotein (LDL). J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Youn JS, Ham YM, Yoon WJ, Choi HC, Lee JE, Cho B, Kim JY. Cynanchum wilfordii Etanolic Extract Controls Blood Cholesterol: A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:E836. [PMID: 31013851 PMCID: PMC6521060 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of Cynanchum wilfordii (CW) ethanolic extract on blood cholesterol levels in adults with high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel trial, 84 subjects were recruited. Participants were randomly divided into two groups with a low-dose (300 mg/d) or high-dose (600 mg/d) of CW. Levels of very low-density lipoprotein (p = 0.022) and triglycerides (p = 0.022) were significantly lower in the low-dose CW group than in the placebo group after 8 weeks. In a subgroup of participants with LDL-C≥ 150 mg/dL (n = 33), there was a significant decrease in total cholesterol (low-dose, p = 0.012; high-dose, p = 0.021), apolipoprotein B (low-dose, p = 0.022; high-dose, p = 0.016), and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (low-dose, p = 0.037; high-dose, p = 0.016) after 8 weeks of CW. The correlation between changes in total cholesterol and baseline LDL-C levels was significant in the groups that received both doses of CW (low-dose, p = 0.010; high-dose, p = 0.015). These results show that the CW ethanolic extract can regulate blood cholesterol in subjects with LDL-C≥ 150 mg/dL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sun Youn
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea.
| | - Young Min Ham
- Biodiversity Research Institute, Jeju Technopark, Seogwipo, Jeju 63608, Korea.
| | - Weon-Jong Yoon
- Biodiversity Research Institute, Jeju Technopark, Seogwipo, Jeju 63608, Korea.
| | - Ho-Chun Choi
- Healthcare system Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 06236, Korea.
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam-si 13496, Korea.
| | - Belong Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Ji Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea.
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Wu C, Zhang M, He M, Gu M, Lin M, Zhang G. Selection of solvent for extraction of antioxidant components from Cynanchum auriculatum, Cynanchum bungei, and Cynanchum wilfordii roots. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:1337-1343. [PMID: 31024706 PMCID: PMC6475734 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In east Asia, "Baishouwu" has been used as an herbal drug and functional dietary supplement for hundreds of years. Actually, "Baishouwu" is the common name of the roots of Cynanchum auriculatum, Cynanchum bungei, and Cynanchum wilfordii. In the present study, roots of these three specie were extracted and then fractionated using petroleum ether (PE), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EA), and water. DPPH scavenging experiments revealed high antioxidant activity of DCM and EA fractions of C. bungei and the EA fraction of C. wilfordii. Treatments with these three fractions significantly reduced malondialdehyde content in heat-stressed Daphnia magna, validating in vivo antioxidant activity. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analyses demonstrated that the chemical components of fractions extracted from C. bungei, C. bungei, and C. wilfordii were different. Further determination of total phenol and total flavonoids contents showed that DCM and EA fractions of C. bungei and EA fraction of C. wilfordii had much higher contents of total phenol and total flavonoids, which might be the reason to explain their strong antioxidant activity. Overall, the present study suggested that these three plants have different chemical components and biological activities. They could not be used as the same drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng‐Dong Wu
- Xinyang Agricultural Experiment Station of Yancheng CityYanchengChina
| | - Ming Zhang
- Xinyang Agricultural Experiment Station of Yancheng CityYanchengChina
| | - Ming‐Tao He
- Xinyang Agricultural Experiment Station of Yancheng CityYanchengChina
| | - Min‐Feng Gu
- Xinyang Agricultural Experiment Station of Yancheng CityYanchengChina
| | - Mei Lin
- Shenzhen GenProMetab Biotechnology Company LimitedShenzhenChina
| | - Gen Zhang
- Shenzhen GenProMetab Biotechnology Company LimitedShenzhenChina
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Wang XJ, Lv XH, Li ZL, Qian SH, Pu SB. Chemical constituents from the root bark of Cynanchum auriculatum. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Han L, Zhou X, Yang M, Zhou L, Deng X, Wei S, Wang W, Wang Z, Qiao X, Bai C. Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Effects of Plants in Genus Cynanchum Linn. (Asclepiadaceae). Molecules 2018; 23:E1194. [PMID: 29772722 PMCID: PMC6099929 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Genus Cynanchum L. belongs to the family Asclepiadaceae, which comprise more than 200 species distributed worldwide. In Chinese medical practice, numerous drugs (such as tablets and powders) containing different parts of plants of this genus are used to treat snake bites, bruises, osteoblasts, rheumatoid arthritis and tumors. A search for original articles published on the cynanchum genus was performed by using several resources, including Flora of China Official Website and various scientific databases, such as PubMed, SciFinder, the Web of Science, Science Direct, and China Knowledge Resource Integrated (CNKI). Advances in the botanical, ethnomedicinal, phytochemical, and pharmacological studies of this genus are reviewed in this paper. Results showed that more than 440 compounds, including C21 steroids, steroidal saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids and terpene, have been isolated and identified from Cynanchum plants up to now. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that plants possess an array of biological activities, including anti-tumor, neuroprotective and anti-fungal effects. Popular traditional prescription of Cynanchum sp. was also summed up in this paper. However, many Cynanchum species have received little or no attention. Moreover, few reports on the clinical use and toxic effects of Cynanchum sp. are available. Further attention should be focused on the study of these species to gather information on their respective toxicology data and relevant quality-control measures and clinical value of the crude extracts, active compounds, and bioactive metabolites from this genus. Further research on Cynanchum sp. should be conducted, and bioactivity-guided isolation strategies should be emphasized. In addition, systematic studies of the chemical composition of plants should be enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
- Ningxia Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine Engineering and Technology; Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Xiuping Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
- Ningxia Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine Engineering and Technology; Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Mengmeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
- Ningxia Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine Engineering and Technology; Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
- Ningxia Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine Engineering and Technology; Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Xinxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
- Ningxia Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine Engineering and Technology; Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Shijie Wei
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
- Ningxia Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine Engineering and Technology; Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Wenping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
- Ningxia Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine Engineering and Technology; Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Zhizhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
- Ningxia Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine Engineering and Technology; Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Xue Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
- Ningxia Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine Engineering and Technology; Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Changcai Bai
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
- Ningxia Research Center of Modern Hui Medicine Engineering and Technology; Yinchuan 750004, China.
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Uchikura T, Tanaka H, Sugiwaki H, Yoshimura M, Sato-Masumoto N, Tsujimoto T, Uchiyama N, Hakamatsuka T, Amakura Y. Preliminary Quality Evaluation and Characterization of Phenolic Constituents in Cynanchi Wilfordii Radix. Molecules 2018. [PMID: 29538318 PMCID: PMC6017071 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new phenolic compound, 2-O-β-laminaribiosyl-4-hydroxyacetophenone (1), was isolated from Cynanchi Wilfordii Radix (CWR, the root of Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley), along with 10 known aromatic compounds, including cynandione A (2), bungeisides-C (7) and –D (8), p-hydroxyacetophenone (9), 2′,5′-dihydroxyacetophenone (10), and 2′,4′-dihydroxyacetophenone (11). The structure of the new compound (1) was elucidated using spectroscopic methods and chemical methods. The structure of cynandione A (2), including a linkage mode of the biphenyl parts that remained uncertain, was unambiguously confirmed using the 2D 13C–13C incredible natural abundance double quantum transfer experiment (INADEQUATE) spectrum. Additionally, health issues related to the use of Cynanchi Auriculati Radix (CAR, the root of Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight) instead of CWR have emerged. Therefore, constituents present in methanolic extracts of commercially available CWRs and CARs were examined using UV-sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), resulting in common detection of three major peaks ascribed to cynandione A (2), p-hydroxyacetophenone (9), and 2′,4′-dihydroxyacetophenone (11). Thus, to distinguish between these ingredients, a thin-layer chromatography (TLC) method, combined with only UV irradiation detection, focusing on wilfosides C1N (12) and K1N (13) as marker compounds characteristic of CAR, was performed. Furthermore, we propose this method as a simple and convenient strategy for the preliminary distinction of CWR and CAR to ensure the quality and safety of their crude drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Uchikura
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8578, Japan; (T.U.); (H.T.); (H.S.); (M.Y.)
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8578, Japan; (T.U.); (H.T.); (H.S.); (M.Y.)
| | - Hidemi Sugiwaki
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8578, Japan; (T.U.); (H.T.); (H.S.); (M.Y.)
| | - Morio Yoshimura
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8578, Japan; (T.U.); (H.T.); (H.S.); (M.Y.)
| | - Naoko Sato-Masumoto
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Narcotics, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan; (N.S.-M.); (T.T.); (N.U.); (T.H.)
| | - Takashi Tsujimoto
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Narcotics, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan; (N.S.-M.); (T.T.); (N.U.); (T.H.)
| | - Nahoko Uchiyama
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Narcotics, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan; (N.S.-M.); (T.T.); (N.U.); (T.H.)
| | - Takashi Hakamatsuka
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Narcotics, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan; (N.S.-M.); (T.T.); (N.U.); (T.H.)
| | - Yoshiaki Amakura
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8578, Japan; (T.U.); (H.T.); (H.S.); (M.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-89-925-7111
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Park KH, Kim J, Lee EH, Lee TH. Cynandione A inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced cell adhesion via suppression of the protein expression of VCAM‑1 in human endothelial cells. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:1756-1764. [PMID: 29328438 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cynandione A (CA) is one of the most active compounds in the roots of Cynanchum wilfordii, the extracts of which have been used extensively in East Asia to treat various diseases including anti‑ischemic stroke. In the present study, the anti‑adherent activity of CA in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑stimulated human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) was investigated. CA markedly reduced the expression of vascular adhesion molecule‑1 (VCAM‑1) by LPS in HUVECs. The results also demonstrated that CA significantly reduced the expression of pro‑inflammatory and chemoattractant cytokines, including interleukin (IL)‑1β, IL‑6, IL‑8, monocyte chemoattractant protein‑1 and tumor necrosis factor‑α, in LPS‑activated human endothelial cells. CA inhibited the phosphorylation of mitogen‑activated protein kinases, including the extracellular signal‑regulated kinase 1/2 and p38 kinases. It was found that CA decreased the IKK/IκB‑α phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear factor (NF)‑κB kinase/inhibitor of NF‑κB‑α, suppressed translocation of the NF‑κB p65 subunit into the nucleus and inhibited the transcriptional activity of NF‑κB. CA also decreased human monocyte cell adhesion to endothelial cells in LPS‑stimulated conditions. These results demonstrated that CA inhibited the protein expression of VCAM‑1 and pro‑inflammatory cytokines by suppressing the transcriptional activity of NF‑κB. The results also suggested that CA may be important in the development of anti‑inflammatory drugs by inhibiting the expression of cell adhesion molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun Hyung Park
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 446‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 446‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjoo H Lee
- Graduate School of East‑West Medical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 446‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 446‑701, Republic of Korea
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Jang HS, Jeong B, Choi SY, Jang GH, Park KC, Kwon YS, Yang H. Conduritol F, the discriminant marker between C. wilfordii and C. auriculatum by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Microchem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Shan M, Yu S, Yan H, Guo S, Xiao W, Wang Z, Zhang L, Ding A, Wu Q, Li SFY. A Review on the Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics and Toxicology of Geniposide, a Natural Product. Molecules 2017; 22:E1689. [PMID: 28994736 PMCID: PMC6151614 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Iridoid glycosides are natural products occurring widely in many herbal plants. Geniposide (C17H24O10) is a well-known one, present in nearly 40 species belonging to various families, especially the Rubiaceae. Along with this herbal component, dozens of its natural derivatives have also been isolated and characterized by researchers. Furthermore, a large body of pharmacological evidence has proved the various biological activities of geniposide, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, cholagogic effects and so on. However, there have been some research articles on its toxicity in recent years. Therefore, this review paper aims to provide the researchers with a comprehensive profile of geniposide on its phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicology in order to highlight some present issues and future perspectives as well as to help us develop and utilize this iridoid glycoside more efficiently and safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqiu Shan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Sheng Yu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hui Yan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Sheng Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wei Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New Technology for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang 222001, China.
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New Technology for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Lianyungang 222001, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Anwei Ding
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Qinan Wu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Sam Fong Yau Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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Zhou Z, Wang Z, Li L, Zhang K, Peng Q, Wang S, Wang J, Huang J, Sun T. The stereochemistry of baishouwubenzophenone, a unique atropisomer from C. wilfordii. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Turck D, Bresson JL, Burlingame B, Dean T, Fairweather-Tait S, Heinonen M, Hirsch-Ernst KI, Mangelsdorf I, McArdle H, Naska A, Neuhäuser-Berthold M, Nowicka G, Pentieva K, Sanz Y, Siani A, Sjödin A, Stern M, Tomé D, Vinceti M, Willatts P, Engel KH, Marchelli R, Pöting A, Poulsen M, Schlatter J, Turla E, van Loveren H. Safety of EstroG-100™as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 258/97. EFSA J 2016. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Jang SA, Lee S, Sohn EH, Yang J, Park DW, Jeong YJ, Kim I, Kwon JE, Song HS, Cho YM, Meng X, Koo HJ, Kang SC. Cynanchum wilfordii Radix attenuates liver fat accumulation and damage by suppressing hepatic cyclooxygenase-2 and mitogen-activated protein kinase in mice fed with a high-fat and high-fructose diet. Nutr Res 2016; 36:914-924. [PMID: 27632911 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Excessive consumption of fat and fructose augments the pathological progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through hepatic fibrosis, inflammation, and hepatic de novo lipogenesis. We hypothesized that supplementation with Cynanchum wilfordii extract (CWE) decreases fat accumulation in the liver by suppressing cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). The beneficial effect of CWE was evaluated in a murine model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Mice were fed either a normal diet or an atherogenic diet with fructose (ATHFR) in the presence or absence of CWE (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg; n=6/group). Treatment with ATHFR induced a hepatosplenomegaly-like condition (increased liver and spleen weight); this pathological change was attenuated in the presence of CWE. The ATHFR group exhibited impaired liver function, as evidenced by increased blood levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase, fat accumulation in the liver, and lipid profiles. Supplementation of CWE (100 and 200 mg/kg, P<.05) ameliorated these impaired liver functions. Atherogenic diet with fructose increased the protein levels of COX-2 and p38 MAPK, as well as the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. These signaling pathways, which are associated with the inflammatory response, were markedly suppressed after CWE treatment (100 and 200 mg/kg). In summary, CWE supplementation reduced high-fat and high-fructose diet-induced fat accumulation and damage in the liver by suppressing COX-2, NF-κB, and p38 MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-A Jang
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - SungRyul Lee
- College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center and Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Inje University, Inje University, Busan 614-735, Korea
| | - Eun-Hwa Sohn
- Department of Herbal Medicine Resources, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 245-710, Korea
| | - Jaehyuk Yang
- Department of Medicinal and Industrial Crops, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - Dae Won Park
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Yong Joon Jeong
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Inhye Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Kwon
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Hae Seong Song
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Young Mi Cho
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Xue Meng
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Koo
- Department of Medicinal and Industrial Crops, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Korea.
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.
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Discrimination and Proper Use of Polygoni Multiflori Radix, Cynanchi Wilfordii Radix, and Cynanchi Auriculati Radix in Korea: A Descriptive Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:827380. [PMID: 26539235 PMCID: PMC4619926 DOI: 10.1155/2015/827380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR), Cynanchi Wilfordii Radix (CWR), and Cynanchi Auriculati Radix (CAR) are very popular herbal medicines in Traditional Korean Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Kampo Medicine. However, the plant origins, efficacies, and traditional uses of these herbal medicines differ. In Korea, PMR is called Ha Su O (He Shou Wu in China), and CWR is called Baek Ha Su O or Baek Su O (Bai Shou Wu in China). Baek Su O refers to CWR in Korea and CAR in China. CAR has not been used as a traditional herbal medicine, and it cannot be legally used as a food or food ingredient in Korea. However, CAR is cultivated in Korea and imported from China. Because the morphology of CWR and CAR is very similar, they are often confused and misused in Korea. This review discusses the reasons for the confusion and misuse of these substances in Korea and provides the exact plant origins, efficacies, uses, components, and toxicities of PMR, CWR, and CAR so that they can be correctly understood and used.
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Park HS, Kim KY, Kim K, Lee SC, Lee J, Seong RS, Shim YH, Sung SH, Yang TJ. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of an important medicinal plant Cynanchum wilfordii (Maxim.) Hemsl. (Apocynaceae). Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2015; 27:3747-8. [PMID: 26358391 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2015.1079887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cynanchum wilfordii (Maxim.) Hemsl. is a traditional medicinal herb belonging to the Asclepiadoideae subfamily, whose dried roots have been used as traditional medicine in Asia. The complete chloroplast genome of C. wilfordii was generated by de novo assembly using the small amount of whole genome sequencing data. The chloroplast genome of C. wilfordii was 161 241 bp long, composed of large single copy region (91 995 bp), small single copy region (19 930 bp) and a pair of inverted repeat regions (24 658 bp). The overall GC contents of the chloroplast genome was 37.8%. A total of 114 genes were annotated, which included 80 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes and 4 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis with the reported chloroplast genomes revealed that C. wilfordii is most closely related to Asclepias nivea (Caribbean milkweed) and Asclepias syriaca (common milkweed) within the Asclepiadoideae subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Seung Park
- a Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences , College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Yeob Kim
- b Herbal Medicine Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongwon-Gun , Chungbuk , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Kim
- a Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences , College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea .,c Phyzen Genomics Institute , Kwanak-gu, Seoul , Republic of Korea , and
| | - Sang-Choon Lee
- a Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences , College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Junki Lee
- a Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences , College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Rack Seon Seong
- b Herbal Medicine Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongwon-Gun , Chungbuk , Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hun Shim
- b Herbal Medicine Research Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongwon-Gun , Chungbuk , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Sung
- d College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Yang
- a Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences , College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Huang LJ, Wang B, Zhang JX, Yan C, Mu SZ, Hao XJ. Studies on cytotoxic pregnane sapogenins from Cynanchum wilfordii. Fitoterapia 2015; 101:107-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Pharmacological activation of myosin II paralogs to correct cell mechanics defects. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:1428-33. [PMID: 25605895 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1412592112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Current approaches to cancer treatment focus on targeting signal transduction pathways. Here, we develop an alternative system for targeting cell mechanics for the discovery of novel therapeutics. We designed a live-cell, high-throughput chemical screen to identify mechanical modulators. We characterized 4-hydroxyacetophenone (4-HAP), which enhances the cortical localization of the mechanoenzyme myosin II, independent of myosin heavy-chain phosphorylation, thus increasing cellular cortical tension. To shift cell mechanics, 4-HAP requires myosin II, including its full power stroke, specifically activating human myosin IIB (MYH10) and human myosin IIC (MYH14), but not human myosin IIA (MYH9). We further demonstrated that invasive pancreatic cancer cells are more deformable than normal pancreatic ductal epithelial cells, a mechanical profile that was partially corrected with 4-HAP, which also decreased the invasion and migration of these cancer cells. Overall, 4-HAP modifies nonmuscle myosin II-based cell mechanics across phylogeny and disease states and provides proof of concept that cell mechanics offer a rich drug target space, allowing for possible corrective modulation of tumor cell behavior.
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Kim SH, Lee TH, Lee SM, Park JH, Park KH, Jung M, Jung H, Mohamed MAA, Baek NI, Chung IS, Kim J. Cynandione A attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced production of inflammatory mediators via MAPK inhibition and NF-κB inactivation in RAW264.7 macrophages and protects mice against endotoxin shock. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 240:946-54. [PMID: 25361770 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214558022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cynanchum wilfordii has been traditionally used in eastern Asia for the treatment of various diseases such as gastrointestinal diseases and arteriosclerosis. Cynandione A (CA), an acetophenone, is one of major constituents from roots of C. wilfordii. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory activities of CA were investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 macrophages and LPS-administered C57BL/6 N mice. CA significantly decreased LPS-induced production of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 in a dose-dependent manner, while CA up to 200 μM did not exhibit cytotoxic activity. Our data also showed that CA significantly attenuated expression of iNOS and COX-2 in LPS-stimulated macrophages. CA inhibited phosphorylation of IκB-α and MAP kinases such as ERK and p38. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CA inhibited translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus, transcription of the NF-κB minimal promoter and NF-κB DNA binding activity. Administration of CA significantly decreased the plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in LPS-injected mice and improved survival of septic mice with lethal endotoxemia. These results demonstrate that CA has effective inhibitory effects on production of inflammatory mediators via suppressing activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, suggesting that CA may be used as a potential anti-inflammatory agent for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hwan Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea
| | - Tae Hoon Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea
| | - Sang Min Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea
| | - Ji Hae Park
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea
| | - Keun Hyung Park
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea
| | - Mira Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea
| | - Hana Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea
| | - Mohamed Antar Aziz Mohamed
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea
| | - Nam-In Baek
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea
| | - In Sik Chung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea
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Li Y, Piao D, Zhang H, Woo MH, Lee JH, Moon DC, Lee SH, Chang HW, Son JK. Quality assessment and discrimination of the roots of Cynanchum auriculatum and Cynanchum wilfordii by HPLC–UV analysis. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:335-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0060-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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