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Zheng J, Bai Y, Xia L, Sun X, Pan J, Wang S, Qi C. Orally administered yeast-derived β-glucan alleviates mast cell-dependent airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in a murine model of asthma. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1333. [PMID: 38934407 PMCID: PMC11209540 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Particulate β-glucans (WGP) are natural compounds with regulatory roles in various biological processes, including tumorigenesis and inflammatory diseases such as allergic asthma. However, their impact on mast cells (MCs), contributors to airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation in asthma mice, remains unknown. METHODS C57BL/6 mice underwent repeated OVA sensitization without alum, followed by Ovalbumin (OVA) challenge. Mice received daily oral administration of WGP (OAW) at doses of 50 or 150 mg/kg before sensitization and challenge. We assessed airway function, lung histopathology, and pulmonary inflammatory cell composition in the airways, as well as proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). RESULTS The 150 mg/kg OAW treatment mitigated OVA-induced AHR and airway inflammation, evidenced by reduced airway reactivity to aerosolized methacholine (Mch), diminished inflammatory cell infiltration, and goblet cell hyperplasia in lung tissues. Additionally, OAW hindered the recruitment of inflammatory cells, including MCs and eosinophils, in lung tissues and BALF. OAW treatment attenuated proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-6 levels in BALF. Notably, OAW significantly downregulated the expression of chemokines CCL3, CCL5, CCL20, CCL22, CXCL9, and CXCL10 in BALF. CONCLUSION These results highlight OAW's robust anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting potential benefits in treating MC-dependent AHR and allergic inflammation by influencing inflammatory cell infiltration and regulating proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhou Zheng
- Laboratory of OncologyThe Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical Center, Basic Research CenterChangzhouChina
- Largescale Equipment PlatformThe Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical CenterChangzhouChina
| | - Yu Bai
- Laboratory of OncologyThe Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical Center, Basic Research CenterChangzhouChina
| | - Lei Xia
- Largescale Equipment PlatformThe Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical CenterChangzhouChina
| | - Xiao Sun
- Largescale Equipment PlatformThe Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical CenterChangzhouChina
| | - Jie Pan
- Laboratory of OncologyThe Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical Center, Basic Research CenterChangzhouChina
| | - Shizhong Wang
- Laboratory of OncologyThe Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical Center, Basic Research CenterChangzhouChina
| | - Chunjian Qi
- Laboratory of OncologyThe Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Medical Center, Basic Research CenterChangzhouChina
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Abdelmawgood IA, Kotb MA, Ashry H, Ebeed BW, Mahana NA, Mohamed AS, Eid JI, Ramadan MA, Rabie NS, Mohamed MY, Saed NT, Yasser N, Essam D, Zaki YY, Saeed S, Mahmoud A, Eladawy MM, Badr AM. β-glucan mitigates ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation by preventing oxidative stress and CD8 + T cell infiltration. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:111985. [PMID: 38603862 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchial asthma is a severe respiratory condition characterized by airway inflammation, remodeling, and oxidative stress. β-Glucan (BG) is a polysaccharide found in fungal cell walls with powerful immunomodulatory properties. This study examined and clarified the mechanisms behind BG's ameliorativeactivitiesin an allergic asthma animal model. METHOD BG was extracted from Chaga mushroom and characterized using FT-IR, UV-visible, zeta potential, and 1H NMR analysis. The mice were divided into five groups, including control, untreated asthmatic, dexamethasone (Dexa)-treated (1 mg/kg), and BG (30 and 100 mg/kg)-treated groups. RESULTS BG treatment reduced nasal scratching behavior, airway-infiltrating inflammatory cells, and serum levels of IgE significantly. Additionally, BG attenuated oxidative stress biomarkers by lowering malonaldehyde (MDA) concentrations and increasing the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT). Immunohistochemical and flow cytometric analyses have confirmed the suppressive effect of BG on the percentage of airway-infiltrating cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. CONCLUSION The findings revealed the role of CD8+ T cells in the pathogenesis of asthma and the role of BG as a potential therapeutic agent for asthma management through the suppression of airway inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed A Kotb
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt
| | - Hamid Ashry
- Biochemistry Branch, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Bassam W Ebeed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt
| | - Noha A Mahana
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Jehane I Eid
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Ramadan
- Department of Laser Application in Metrology, Photochemistry, and Agriculture National Institute of Laser-Enhanced Science (NILES), Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nahla S Rabie
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt
| | - Mariam Y Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt
| | - Nermeen Th Saed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt
| | - Nada Yasser
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt
| | - Dina Essam
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt
| | - Youssef Y Zaki
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt
| | - Samar Saeed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Mahmoud
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwan M Eladawy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt
| | - Abeer Mahmoud Badr
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Egypt
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Zhang C, Li W, Li X, Wan D, Mack S, Zhang J, Wagner K, Wang C, Tan B, Chen J, Wu CW, Tsuji K, Takeuchi M, Chen Z, Hammock BD, Pinkerton KE, Yang J. Novel aerosol treatment of airway hyper-reactivity and inflammation in a murine model of asthma with a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266608. [PMID: 35443010 PMCID: PMC9020733 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma currently affects more than 339 million people worldwide. In the present preliminary study, we examined the efficacy of a new, inhalable soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor (sEHI), 1-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl) urea (TPPU), to attenuate airway inflammation, mucin secretion, and hyper-responsiveness (AHR) in an ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized murine model. Male BALB/c mice were divided into phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), OVA, and OVA+TPPU (2- or 6-h) exposure groups. On days 0 and 14, the mice were administered PBS or sensitized to OVA in PBS. From days 26-38, seven challenge exposures were performed with 30 min inhalation of filtered air or OVA alone. In the OVA+TPPU groups, a 2- or 6-h TPPU inhalation preceded each 30-min OVA exposure. On day 39, pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were performed, and biological samples were collected. Lung tissues were used to semi-quantitatively evaluate the severity of inflammation and airway constriction and the volume of stored intracellular mucosubstances. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and blood samples were used to analyze regulatory lipid mediator profiles. Significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated alveolar, bronchiolar, and pleural inflammation; airway resistance and constriction; mucosubstance volume; and inflammatory lipid mediator levels were observed with OVA+TPPU relative to OVA alone. Cumulative findings indicated TPPU inhalation effectively inhibited inflammation, suppressed AHR, and prevented mucosubstance accumulation in the murine asthmatic model. Future studies should determine the pharmacokinetics (i.e., absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) and pharmacodynamics (i.e., concentration/dose responses) of inhaled TPPU to explore its potential as an asthma-preventative or -rescue treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzhen Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Wei Li
- School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiyuan Li
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Debin Wan
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Savannah Mack
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Karen Wagner
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Chang Wang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Bowen Tan
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jason Chen
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Ching-Wen Wu
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Kaori Tsuji
- Department of Animal Medical Science, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Minoru Takeuchi
- Department of Animal Medical Science, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ziping Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Kent E. Pinkerton
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
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Polystichum braunii ameliorates airway inflammation by attenuation of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers, and pulmonary edema by elevation of aquaporins in ovalbumin-induced allergic asthmatic mice. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:639-653. [PMID: 35257281 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-00944-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammation of pulmonary airways associated with bronchial hyper-responsiveness. The study was aimed to validate the folkloric use of Polystichum braunii (PB) against ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic and chemical characterization OF both extracts. Allergic asthma was developed by intraperitoneal sensitization with an OVA on days 1 and 14 followed by intranasal challenge. Mice were treated with PB methanolic (PBME) and aqueous extract (PBAE) orally at 600, 300, and 150 mg/kg and using dexamethasone (2 mg/kg) as standard from day 15 to 26. High performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector analysis revealed the presence of various bioactive compounds such as catechin, vanillic acid, and quercetin. The PBME and PBAE profoundly (p < 0.0001-0.05) declined immunoglobulin E level, lungs wet/dry weight ratio, and total and differential leukocyte count in blood and bronchial alveolar lavage fluid of treated mice in contrast to disease control. Histopathological examination showed profoundly decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and goblet cell hyperplasia in treated groups. Both extracts caused significant (p < 0.0001-0.05) diminution of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and NF-κB and upregulation of aquaporins (1 and 5), which have led to the amelioration of pulmonary inflammation and attenuation of lung edema in treated mice. Both extracts profoundly (p < 0.0001-0.05) restored the activities of SOD, CAT, GSH and reduced the level of MDA dose dependently. Both extracts possessed significant anti-asthmatic action mainly PBME 600 mg/kg might be due to phenols and flavonoids and could be used as a potential therapeutic option in the management of allergic asthma.
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Hu JR, Jung CJ, Ku SM, Jung DH, Bashir KMI, Ku SK, Choi JS. Anti-inflammatory, expectorant, and antitussive properties of Kyeongok-go in ICR mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:321-334. [PMID: 33770452 PMCID: PMC8008926 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1892155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Kyeongok-go (KOG) is a traditional mixed herb preparation consisting of Panax ginseng CA Meyer (Araliaceae), Poria cocos Wolf (Polyporaceae), Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertner) Liboschitz ex Steudel (Orobanchaceae), and honey. Various pharmacological effects of KOG are reported, but the efficacy on respiratory diseases has not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE The anti-inflammatory, expectorant, and antitussive properties of KOG were examined using animal models of respiratory diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS KOG (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) was orally administered to ICR mice (n = 8) once a day for 11 days. Anti-inflammatory effects of vehicle, xylene, KOG and DEXA (1 mg/kg) were determined by monitoring edoema and redness of treated ears, and measuring the relative and absolute weight of each ear. Expectorant properties of vehicle, KOG and AM (250 mg/kg) were evaluated by observing body surface redness, and the amount of mucous secreted by the trachea. The antitussive potential of vehicle, NH4OH, KOG and TB (50 mg/kg) was evaluated by monitoring changes in the number of coughs (for 6 min). RESULTS KOG (400 mg/kg) treated mice showed 31.29% and 30.72% (p < 0.01) decreases in the relative and absolute weights of each ear relative to xylene control mice, 39.06% increases (p < 0.01) in TLF OD values relative to intact vehicle control mice, and 59.53% decrease (p < 0.01) in coughing compared to NH4OH control mice. Dose-dependent changes were observed in all experimental models. CONCLUSIONS KOG may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of various respiratory diseases, particularly those caused by environmental toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ryul Hu
- Department of Histology and Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Dae-Hwa Jung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Khawaja Muhammad Imran Bashir
- German Engineering Research Center for Life Science Technologies in Medicine and Environment, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Histology and Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, Republic of Korea
- The Medical Research Center for Herbal Convergence on Liver Disease, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Suk Choi
- Department of in Food Biotechnology, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Mirończuk-Chodakowska I, Kujawowicz K, Witkowska AM. Beta-Glucans from Fungi: Biological and Health-Promoting Potential in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era. Nutrients 2021; 13:3960. [PMID: 34836215 PMCID: PMC8623785 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-glucans comprise a group of polysaccharides of natural origin found in bacteria, algae, and plants, e.g., cereal seeds, as well as microfungi and macrofungi (mushrooms), which are characterized by diverse structures and functions. They are known for their metabolic and immunomodulatory properties, including anticancer, antibacterial, and antiviral. Recent reports suggest a potential of beta-glucans in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. In contrast to β-glucans from other sources, β-glucans from mushrooms are characterized by β-1,3-glucans with short β-1,6-side chains. This structure is recognized by receptors located on the surface of immune cells; thus, mushroom β-glucans have specific immunomodulatory properties and gained BRM (biological response modifier) status. Moreover, mushroom beta-glucans also owe their properties to the formation of triple helix conformation, which is one of the key factors influencing the bioactivity of mushroom beta-glucans. This review summarizes the latest findings on biological and health-promoting potential of mushroom beta-glucans for the treatment of civilization and viral diseases, with particular emphasis on COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Mirończuk-Chodakowska
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland; (K.K.); (A.M.W.)
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Wang Z, Ma K, Fujino M, Kusano K, Yi SQ, Iwai A, Li XK. The effects of oral administration of Aureobasidium pullulans-cultured fluid containing β-glucan on concanavalin A injected mice. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07277. [PMID: 34195409 PMCID: PMC8233140 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A black yeast, Aureobasidium pullulans, extracellularly produces β-(1,3), (1,6)-D-glucan (β-glucan) under certain conditions. The β-glucan is known to be an immunomodulatory agent, and β-glucan enriched A. pullulans cultured fluid (AP-CF) is used in supplements to maintain human health. Concanavalin A (ConA) is a lectin, and when injected it is known to cause T cell mediated autoimmune hepatitis in mice. The present study investigated the effects of oral administration of AP-CF on ConA injection in mice. The results demonstrated that increases in serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels after ConA injection were significantly suppressed in an AP-CF administered group of mice. To understand the mechanism of the ALT lowering effects of AP-CF, we used Foxp3 (forkhead box P3) knock-in mice which express the green fluorescent protein (GFP) in Foxp3 induced cells, and the effects of AP-CF on the regulatory T cell (Treg) populations were investigated. The results show that the basal level of Foxp3+ Treg populations in peripheral blood lymphocytes, liver infiltrating lymphocytes, and splenocytes was decreased after 7 days of administration of AP-CF. These findings suggest that oral administration of AP-CF suppresses the basal level of inflammation, and that it may be postulated to be involved in the ALT lowering effects of AP-CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidan Wang
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Functional Morphology, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuai Ma
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujino
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Shuang-Qin Yi
- Laboratory of Functional Morphology, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwai
- Aureo Co., Ltd., Chiba, Japan.,Aureo Science Co., Ltd., Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Xiao-Kang Li
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Functional Morphology, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
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Suzuki T, Kusano K, Kondo N, Nishikawa K, Kuge T, Ohno N. Biological Activity of High-Purity β-1,3-1,6-Glucan Derived from the Black Yeast Aureobasidium pullulans: A Literature Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:242. [PMID: 33467004 PMCID: PMC7830965 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The black yeast Aureobasidium pullulans produces abundant soluble β-1,3-1,6-glucan-a functional food ingredient with known health benefits. For use as a food material, soluble β-1,3-1,6-glucan is produced via fermentation using sucrose as the carbon source. Various functionalities of β-1,3-1,6-glucan have been reported, including its immunomodulatory effect, particularly in the intestine. It also exhibits antitumor and antimetastatic effects, alleviates influenza and food allergies, and relieves stress. Moreover, it reduces the risk of lifestyle-related diseases by protecting the intestinal mucosa, reducing fat, lowering postprandial blood glucose, promoting bone health, and healing gastric ulcers. Furthermore, it induces heat shock protein 70. Clinical studies have reported the antiallergic and triglyceride-reducing effects of β-1,3-1,6-glucan, which are indicators of improvement in lifestyle-related diseases. The primary and higher-order structures of β-1,3-1,6-glucan have been elucidated. Specifically, it comprises a single highly-branched glucose residue with the β-1,6 bond (70% or more) on a backbone of glucose with 1,3-β bonds. β-Glucan shows a triple helical structure, and studies on its use as a drug delivery system have been actively conducted. β-Glucan in combination with anti-inflammatory substances or fullerenes can be used to target macrophages. Based on its health functionality, β-1,3-1,6-glucan is an interesting material as both food and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Suzuki
- Research and Development Laboratories, Fujicco, Co., Ltd., 6-13-4 Minatojima-Nakamachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-8558, Japan
| | - Kisato Kusano
- Aureo Co., Ltd., 54-1, Kazusa Koito, Kimitsu-shi, Chiba 292-1149, Japan;
| | - Nobuhiro Kondo
- Research and Development Division, Itochu Sugar Co., Ltd., 3, Tamatsuura, Hekinan, Aichi 447-8506, Japan;
| | - Kouji Nishikawa
- Innovation Center, Osaka Soda Co., Ltd., 9, Otakasu-cho, Amagasaki, Hyogo 660-0842, Japan;
| | - Takao Kuge
- Life Science Materials Laboratory, ADEKA Corporation., 7-2-34, Higashi-Ogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 116-8553, Japan
| | - Naohito Ohno
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan;
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Effects of Pelargonium sidoides and Coptis Rhizoma 2 : 1 Mixed Formula (PS + CR) on Ovalbumin-Induced Asthma in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:9135637. [PMID: 32190091 PMCID: PMC7066403 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9135637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pelargonium sidoides (PS) is traditionally used to treat respiratory and gastrointestinal infections, dysmenorrhea, and hepatic disorders in South Africa. Coptis Rhizoma (CR) is used to treat gastroenteric disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer in East Asia. In the present study, we intended to observe the possible beneficial antiasthma effects of PS and CR on the ovalbumin- (OVA-) induced asthma C57BL/6J mice. Asthma in mice was induced by OVA sensitization and subsequent boosting. PS + CR (300 and 1,000 mg/kg; PO) or dexamethasone (IP) was administered once a day for 16 days. The changes in the body weight and gains, lung weights and gross inspections, total and differential cell counts of leukocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), serum OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (OVA-sIgE) levels, interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-5 levels in BALF and lung tissue homogenate, and IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA levels in lung tissue homogenates were analyzed with lung histopathology: mean alveolar surface area (ASA), alveolar septal thickness, numbers of inflammatory cells, mast cells, and eosinophils infiltrated in the alveolar regions, respectively. Significant increases in lung weights, total and differential cell counts of leukocytes in BALF, serum OVA-sIgE levels, and IL-4 and IL-5 levels in BALF and lung tissue homogenate were observed in OVA control as compared to those of intact control. In addition, OVA control showed a significant decrease in mean ASA and increases in alveolar septal thickness, numbers of inflammatory cells, mast cells, and eosinophils infiltrated in alveolar regions. However, these allergic and inflammatory asthmatic changes were significantly inhibited by PS + CR in a dose-dependent manner. In this study, PS + CR showed dose-dependent beneficial effects on OVA-induced asthma in mice through anti-inflammatory and antiallergic activities. Therefore, it is expected that PS + CR have enough potential as a new therapeutic agent or as an ingredient of a medicinal agent for various allergic and inflammatory respiratory diseases including asthma.
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10
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Hu JR, Jung CJ, Ku SM, Jung DH, Ku SK, Choi JS. Antitussive, expectorant, and anti-inflammatory effects of Adenophorae Radix powder in ICR mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 239:111915. [PMID: 31039428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Adenophora triphylla var. japonica is frequently used as an oriental medicinal plant in Korea, China, and Japan for its anti-inflammatory, antitussive, and hepatoprotective effects. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present study, the antitussive, expectorant, and anti-inflammatory effects of AR powder were investigated using animal models to evaluate their potential to treat respiratory disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS AR powder was administered orally to mice once daily for 11 days, at dose levels of 400, 200, and 100 mg/kg. Theobromine (TB), ambroxol (AM) and dexamethasone (DEXA) were used as standard drugs for antitussive effects, expectorant effects and anti-inflammatory effects, respectively. Evaluations of antitussive effects were based on changes in body weight, the number of cough responses and the histopathology of the lung and trachea. Expectorant effects were based on changes in the body weight, macroscopic observations of body surface redness, the mucous secretion of the trachea and histopathology of lung (secondary bronchus). Anti-inflammatory effects were based on changes in the body weight, macroscopic observations involving redness and edema of the treated ear, absolute and relative ear weights and histopathology of the treated ears. RESULTS Allergic acute inflammation and coughing induced by exposure to NH4OH and symptoms of xylene-induced contact dermatitis were significantly inhibited by treatment with AR powder in a dose-dependent manner. Histological analyses revealed that AR powder decreased the OD values in trachea lavage fluid, reduced body surface redness, thicknesses of intrapulmonary secondary bronchus mucosa, and the number of PAS-positive mucous producing cells. Overall, AR powder administered at 200 mg/kg displayed superior antitussive and expectorant effects as compared to TB (50 mg/kg), and AM (250 mg/kg). At the highest concentration (400 mg/kg) AR powder displayed only moderately improved anti-inflammatory activities as compared to DEXA (1 mg/kg). CONCLUSION The results obtained in this study suggest that AR powder exerts dose-dependent, favorable antitussive, expectorant, and anti-inflammatory activities achieved through modulation of the activity of mast cells and respiratory mucous production. Therefore, AR powder may serve as a therapeutic agent in various respiratory disorders, especially those that occur as a result of environmental toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ryul Hu
- Department of Histology and Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38610, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chul-Jong Jung
- Okchundang Inc., 95, Soho-ro, Sangbuk-myeon, Ulju-gun, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44900, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong-Min Ku
- Okchundang Inc., 95, Soho-ro, Sangbuk-myeon, Ulju-gun, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44900, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae-Hwa Jung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38610, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sae-Kwang Ku
- Department of Histology and Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38610, Republic of Korea; The Medical Research Center for Herbal Convergence on Liver Disease, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 38610, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Suk Choi
- Major in Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, 140, Baegyang-daero 700beon-gil, Sasang-gu, Busan, 46958, Republic of Korea.
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Cho CS, Jeong HS, Kim IY, Jung GW, Ku BH, Park DC, Moon SB, Cho HR, Bashir KMI, Ku SK, Choi JS. Anti-osteoporotic effects of mixed compositions of extracellular polymers isolated from Aureobasidium pullulans and Textoria morbifera in ovariectomized mice. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:295. [PMID: 30400922 PMCID: PMC6220464 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2362-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Extracellular polymeric substances isolated from Aureobasidium pullulans (EAP), containing specifically 13% β-1,3/1,6-glucan, have shown various favorable bone-preserving effects. Textoria morbifera Nakai (TM) tree has been used as an ingredient in traditional medicine and tea for various pharmacological purposes. Thus, the present study was aimed to examine the synergistic anti-osteoporotic potential of mixtures containing different proportions of EAP and TM compared with that of the single formulations of each herbal extract using bilateral ovariectomized (OVX) mice, a renowned rodent model for studying human osteoporosis. Methods Thirty five days after bilateral-OVX surgery, 9 combinations of EAP:TM (ratios = 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, 1:7, 1:9, 3:1, 5:1, 7:1, 9:1) and single separate formulations of EAP or TM were supplied orally, once a day for 35 days at a final concentration of 200 mg/kg. Variations in body weight gains during the experimental periods, as well as femur weights, bone mineral density (BMD), bone strength (failure load), and mineral content (calcium [Ca] and inorganic phosphorus [IP]) following sacrifice were measured. Furthermore, histomorphometric and histological profile analyses of serum biochemical parameters (osteocalcin content and bone specific alkaline phosphatase [bALP] activity) were conducted following sacrifice. Femurs histomorphometric analyses were also conducted for bone resorption, structure and mass. The results for the mixed formulations of EAP:TM and separate formulations were compared with those of risedronate sodium (RES). Results The EAP:TM (3:1) formulation synergistically enhanced the anti-osteoporotic potential of individual EAP or TM formulations, possibly due to enhanced variety of the active ingredients. Furthermore, the effects of EAP:TM were comparable to those of RES (2.5 mg/kg) treatment. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that, the EAP:TM (3:1) combination might act as a new pharmaceutical agent and/or health functional food substance for curing osteoporosis in menopausal women. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-018-2362-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Abstract
The saprophytic yeast-like fungus Aureobasidium pullulans has been well documented for over 60 years in the microbiological literature. It is ubiquitous in distribution, being found in a variety of environments (plant surfaces, soil, water, rock surfaces and manmade surfaces), and with a worldwide distribution from cold to warm climates and wet/humid regions to arid ones. Isolates and strains of A. pullulans produce a wide range of natural products well documented in the international literature and which have been regarded as safe for biotechnological and environmental applications. Showing antagonistic activity against plant pathogens (especially post-harvest pathogens) is one of the major applications currently in agriculture of the fungus, with nutrient and space competition, production of volatile organic compounds, and production of hydrolytic enzymes and antimicrobial compounds (antibacterial and antifungal). The fungus also shows a positive role on mycotoxin biocontrol through various modes, with the most striking being that of binding and/or absorption. A. pullulans strains have been reported to produce very useful industrial enzymes, such as β-glucosidase, amylases, cellulases, lipases, proteases, xylanases and mannanases. Pullulan (poly-α-1,6-maltotriose biopolymer) is an A. pullulans trademark product with significant properties and biotechnological applications in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Poly (β-l-malic acid), or PMA, which is a natural biopolyester, and liamocins, a group of produced heavy oils and siderophores, are among other valuable compounds detected that are of possible biotechnological use. The fungus also shows a potential single-cell protein source capacity with high levels of nucleic acid components and essential amino acids, but this remains to be further explored. Last but not least, the fungus has shown very good biocontrol against aerial plant pathogens. All these properties are of major interest in the vitivinicultural sector and are thoroughly reviewed under this prism, concluding on the importance that A. pullulans may have if used at both vineyard and winery levels. This extensive array of properties provides excellent tools for the viticulturist/farmer as well as for the oenologist to combat problems in the field and create a high-quality wine.
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Cho CS, Jeong HS, Kim IY, Jung GW, Ku BH, Park DC, Moon SB, Cho HR, Ku SK, Choi JS. Antiosteoporotic effects of 3:1 (g/g) mixed formulation of exopolymers purified fromAureobasidium pullulansSM-2001 andDendropanax morbiferaleaf extracts in ovariectomized rats. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Soo Cho
- Hurim Hwangchil Co., Ltd., 907-11, Gyeongseo-dearo, Hoengcheon-myeon; Hadong-gun Gyeongsangnam-do 52320 Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Seong Jeong
- Hurim Hwangchil Co., Ltd., 907-11, Gyeongseo-dearo, Hoengcheon-myeon; Hadong-gun Gyeongsangnam-do 52320 Republic of Korea
| | - In-Young Kim
- Hurim Hwangchil Co., Ltd., 907-11, Gyeongseo-dearo, Hoengcheon-myeon; Hadong-gun Gyeongsangnam-do 52320 Republic of Korea
| | - Go-Woon Jung
- Glucan Corp., #305 Marine Bio-Industry Development Center, 7 Hoenggye-gil; Busan 46048 Republic of Korea
| | - Bon-Hwa Ku
- Glucan Corp., #305 Marine Bio-Industry Development Center, 7 Hoenggye-gil; Busan 46048 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Chan Park
- Glucan Corp., #305 Marine Bio-Industry Development Center, 7 Hoenggye-gil; Busan 46048 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Bae Moon
- Glucan Corp., #305 Marine Bio-Industry Development Center, 7 Hoenggye-gil; Busan 46048 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Rae Cho
- Glucan Corp., #305 Marine Bio-Industry Development Center, 7 Hoenggye-gil; Busan 46048 Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine; Daegu Haany University, 1, Hanuidae-ro; Gyeongsan-si Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Suk Choi
- Major in Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences; Silla University, 140, Baegyang-daero 700beon-gil; Busan 46958 Republic of Korea
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Lim JM, Lee YJ, Cho HR, Park DC, Jung GW, Ku SK, Choi JS. Extracellular polysaccharides purified from Aureobasidium pullulans SM‑2001 (Polycan) inhibit dexamethasone‑induced muscle atrophy in mice. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:1245-1264. [PMID: 29138805 PMCID: PMC5819910 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study assessed the beneficial skeletal muscle‑preserving effects of extracellular polysaccharides from Aureobasidium pullulans SM‑2001 (Polycan) (EAP) on dexamethasone (DEXA)‑induced catabolic muscle atrophy in mice. To investigate whether EAP prevented catabolic DEXA‑induced muscle atrophy, and to examine its mechanisms of action, EAP (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) was administered orally, once a day for 24 days. EAP treatment was initiated 2 weeks prior to DEXA treatment (1 mg/kg, once a day for 10 days) in mice. Body weight alterations, serum biochemistry, calf thickness, calf muscle strength, gastrocnemius muscle thickness and weight, gastrocnemius muscle antioxidant defense parameters, gastrocnemius muscle mRNA expression, histology and histomorphometry were subsequently assessed. After 24 days, DEXA control mice exhibited muscle atrophy according to all criteria indices. However, these muscle atrophy symptoms were significantly inhibited by oral treatment with all three doses of EAP. Regarding possible mechanisms of action, EAP exhibited favorable ameliorating effects on DEXA‑induced catabolic muscle atrophy via antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory effects; these effects were mediated by modulation of the expression of genes involved in muscle protein synthesis (AKT serine/threonine kinase 1, phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase, adenosine A1 receptor and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4) and degradation (atrogin‑1, muscle RING‑finger protein‑1, myostatin and sirtuin 1). Therefore, these results indicated that EAP may be helpful in improving muscle atrophies of various etiologies. EAP at 400 mg/kg exhibited favorable muscle protective effects against DEXA‑induced catabolic muscle atrophy, comparable with the effects of oxymetholone (50 mg/kg), which has been used to treat various muscle disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Min Lim
- Glucan Corporation, #305 Marine Bio-Industry Development Center, Busan 46048
| | | | - Hyung-Rae Cho
- Glucan Corporation, #305 Marine Bio-Industry Development Center, Busan 46048
| | - Dong-Chan Park
- Glucan Corporation, #305 Marine Bio-Industry Development Center, Busan 46048
| | - Go-Woon Jung
- Glucan Corporation, #305 Marine Bio-Industry Development Center, Busan 46048
| | - Sae Kwang Ku
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38610
| | - Jae-Suk Choi
- Major in Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea
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Zhang Z, Reponen T, Hershey GKK. Fungal Exposure and Asthma: IgE and Non-IgE-Mediated Mechanisms. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2017; 16:86. [PMID: 27943046 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-016-0667-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Fungi are ubiquitous in indoor and outdoor environments and have been associated with respiratory disease including childhood and adult asthma. A growing body of evidence from human and animal studies has revealed a link between fungal exposure, especially indoor fungal exposure, with asthma initiation, persistence, and exacerbation. Despite the overwhelming evidence linking mold exposure and asthma, the mechanistic basis for the association has remained elusive. It is now clear that fungi need not be intact to impart negative health effects. Fungal components and fungal fragments are biologically active and contribute to asthma development and severity. Recent mechanistic studies have demonstrated that fungi are potent immunomodulators and have powerful effects on asthma independent of their potential to act as antigens. This paper will review the connection between fungal exposure and asthma with a focus on the immunological mechanisms underlying this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Zhang
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., MLC 7037, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Tiina Reponen
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Gurjit K Khurana Hershey
- Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., MLC 7037, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.
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Falcón-Rodríguez CI, Rosas-Pérez I, Segura-Medina P. Relación de los mecanismos inmunológicos del asma y la contaminación ambiental. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA 2017. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v65n2.59954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducción. Se calcula que más de 300 millones de personas alrededor del mundo padecen asma y se estima que para el año 2025 esta cifra se incremente a 400 millones debido a los contaminantes criterio. Sin embargo, dadas sus limitaciones, los estudios epidemiológicos son controversiales sobre la contaminación y el desarrollo de asma.Objetivos. Describir las diferencias y similitudes de la respuesta inmunológica de pacientes asmáticos y los modelos animales de asma alérgica después de la exposición a contaminantes criterio y elementos biológicos, para así identificar los factores inmunológicos relacionados con el desarrollo de asma.Materiales y método. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en las bases de datos sobre asma y los diferentes contaminantes criterio.Resultados. La respuesta Th2 es activada por la inhalación de ozono, dióxido de nitrógeno, azufre y la exposición aguda a material particulado, mientras que el contacto con ciertos tipos de pólenes y glucanos y la exposición crónica de partículas incrementa la respuesta Th1, la cual inhibe a la respuesta Th2 produciendo un “efecto protector”.Conclusiones. La respuesta Th1 podría causar baja o nula asociación entre la exposición a contaminación y el desarrollo de asma en las diferentes ciudades, adicionando de esta manera otra limitación a los estudios epidemiológicos.
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Kim KH, Park SJ, Lee YJ, Lee JE, Song CH, Choi SH, Ku SK, Kang SJ. Inhibition of UVB-induced skin damage by exopolymers from Aureobasidium pullulans SM-2001 in hairless mice. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 116:73-86. [PMID: 24964914 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Because antioxidants from natural sources may be an effective approach to the treatment and prevention of UV radiation-induced skin damage, the effects of purified exopolymers from Aureobasidium pullulans SM-2001 ('E-AP-SM2001') were evaluated in UVB-induced hairless mice. E-AP-SM2001 consists of 1.7% β-1,3/1,6-glucan, fibrous polysaccharides and other organic materials, such as amino acids, and mono- and di-unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic and linolenic acids) and shows anti-osteoporotic and immunomodulatory effects, through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Hairless mice were treated topically with vehicle, E-AP-SM2001 stock and two and four times diluted solutions once per day for 15 weeks against UVB irradiation (three times per week at 0.18 J/cm(2) ). The following parameters were evaluated in skin samples: myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, cytokine levels [interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-10], endogenous antioxidant content (glutathione, GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide anion production; matrix metalloproteases (MMP-1, -9 and -13), GSH reductase and Nox2 (gp91phox) mRNA levels, and immunoreactivity for nitrotyrosine (NT), 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), caspase-3, and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Photoageing was induced by UVB irradiation through ROS-mediated inflammation, which was related to the depletion of endogenous antioxidants, activation of MMPs and keratinocyte apoptosis. Topical treatment with all three doses of E-AP-SM2001 and 5 nm myricetin attenuated the UV-induced depletion of GSH, activation of MMPs, production of IL-1β, the decrease in IL-10 and keratinocyte apoptosis. In this study, E-AP-SM2001 showed potent inhibitory effects against UVB-induced skin photoageing. Thus, E-AP-SM2001 may be useful as a functional ingredient in cosmetics, especially as a protective agent against UVB-induced skin photoageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hu Kim
- Department of Histology and Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Korea
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Jesenak M, Hrubisko M, Majtan J, Rennerova Z, Banovcin P. Anti-allergic Effect of Pleuran (β
-glucan from Pleurotus ostreatus
) in Children with Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections. Phytother Res 2013; 28:471-4. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milos Jesenak
- Department of Paediatrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine; Comenius University in Bratislava; Martin Slovakia
| | - Martin Hrubisko
- Department of Clinical Immunology, St. Elisabeth's Oncology Institute; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Juraj Majtan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine; Slovak Medical University; Bratislava Slovakia
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences; Bratislava Slovakia
| | | | - Peter Banovcin
- Department of Paediatrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine; Comenius University in Bratislava; Martin Slovakia
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Roy RM, Klein BS. Fungal glycan interactions with epithelial cells in allergic airway disease. Curr Opin Microbiol 2013; 16:404-8. [PMID: 23602359 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Human exposure to fungi results in a wide range of health outcomes, from invasive disease or allergy to immune tolerance. Inhaled fungi contact airway epithelial cells as an early event, and this host:fungal interaction can shape the eventual immunological outcome. Emerging evidence points to exposure to fungal cell wall carbohydrates in the development of allergic airway disease. Herein, we describe determinants of fungal allergenicity, and review the responses of airway epithelial cells to fungal carbohydrates. A greater understanding of the recognition of and response to fungal carbohydrates by airway epithelial cells may lead to the development of targeted therapies that ameliorate allergic airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- René M Roy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, United States
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