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Cheung S, Zhong Y, Wu L, Jia X, He MQ, Ai Y, Jiao Q, Liang Q. Mechanism interpretation of Guhan Yangshengjing for protection against Alzheimer's disease by network pharmacology and molecular docking. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 328:117976. [PMID: 38492794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Guhan Yangshengjing (GHYSJ) is an effective prescription for delaying progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on the ancient Chinese medical classics excavated from Mawangdui Han Tomb. Comprising a combination of eleven traditional Chinese herbs, the precise protective mechanism through which GHYSJ acts on AD progression remains unclear and has significant implications for the development of new drugs to treat AD. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the mechanism of GHYSJ in the treatment of AD through network pharmacology and validate the results through in vitro experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chemical composition-target-pathway network and protein-protein interaction network were constructed by network pharmacology to predict the potential targets of GHYSJ for the treatment of AD. The interaction relationship between active ingredients and targets was verified by molecular docking and molecular force. Furthermore, the chemical constituents of GHYSJ were analyzed by LC-MS and HPLC, the effects of GHYSJ on animal tissues were analyzed by H&E staining. An Aβ-induced SH-SY5Y cellular model was established to validate the core pathways and targets predicted by network pharmacology and molecular docking. RESULTS The results of the network pharmacology analysis revealed a total of 155 bioactive compounds capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier and interacting with 677 targets, among which 293 targets specifically associated with AD, which mainly participated in and regulated the amyloid aggregation pathway and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, thereby treating AD. In addition, molecular docking analysis revealed a robust binding affinity between the principal bioactive constituents of GHYSJ and crucial targets implicated in AD. Our findings were further substantiated by in vitro experiments, which demonstrated that Liquiritigenin and Ginsenosides Rh4, crucial constituents of GHYSJ, as well as GHYSJ pharmaceutic serum, exhibited a significant down-regulation of BACE1 expression in Aβ-induced damaged SH-SY5Y cells. This study provides valuable data and theoretical underpinning for the potential therapeutic application of GHYSJ in the treatment of AD and secondary development of GHYSJ prescription. CONCLUSION Through network pharmacology, molecular docking, LC-MS, and cellular experiments, GHYSJ was initially confirmed to delay the progression of AD by regulating the expression of BACE1 in Amyloid aggregation pathway. Our observations provided valuable data and theoretical underpinning for the potential therapeutic application of GHYSJ in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suet Cheung
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, SATCM Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine-X, Chinese Medicine Modernization Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | | | - Lei Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, SATCM Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine-X, Chinese Medicine Modernization Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaomeng Jia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, SATCM Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine-X, Chinese Medicine Modernization Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Meng-Qi He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, SATCM Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine-X, Chinese Medicine Modernization Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yongjian Ai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, SATCM Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine-X, Chinese Medicine Modernization Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | | | - Qionglin Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, SATCM Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine-X, Chinese Medicine Modernization Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Wang L, Lu Y, Liu J, Wang S, Fei Z, Zhang K, Zhang D, Jin X. Gegen Qinlian tablets delay Alzheimer's disease progression via inhibiting glial neuroinflammation and remodeling gut microbiota homeostasis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155394. [PMID: 38569294 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current therapeutic agents for AD have limited efficacy and often induce undesirable side effects. Gegen Qinlian tablets (GGQLT) are a well-known clearingheat formula used in clinical treatment of inflammatory diseases. Based on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, the strategy of clearing-heat is then compatible with the treatment of AD. However, it remains unknown whether GGQLT can exert neuroprotective effects and alleviate neuroinflammation in AD. PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the anti-AD effects of GGQLT and to decipher its intricate mechanism using integrative analyses of network pharmacology, transcriptomic RNA sequencing, and gut microbiota. METHODS The ingredients of GGQLT were analyzed using HPLC-ESI-Q/TOF-MS. The AD model was established by bilateral injection of Aβ1-42 into the intracerebroventricular space of rats. The Morris water maze was used to evaluate the cognitive function of the AD rats. The long-term toxicity of GGQLT in rats was assessed by monitoring their body weights and pathological alterations in the liver and kidney. Reactive astrocytes and microglia were assessed by immunohistochemistry by labeling GFAP and Iba-1. The levels of inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus were evaluated using ELISA kits, RT-PCR, and Western blot, respectively. The potential anti-AD mechanism was predicted by analyses of RNA-sequencing and network pharmacology. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were utilized to detect the phosphorylation levels of IκBα, NF-κB p65, p38, ERK and JNK. The richness and composition of gut bacterial and fungal microflora were investigated via 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing. RESULTS Typical ingredients of GGQLT were identified using HPLC-ESI-Q/TOF-MS. GGQLT significantly improved the cognitive function of AD rats by suppressing the activation of microglia and astrocytes, improving glial morphology, and reducing the neuroinflammatory reactions in the hippocampus. RNA-sequencing, network and experimental pharmacological studies demonstrated that GGQLT inhibited the activation of NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways in the hippocampus. GGQLT could also restore abnormal gut bacterial and fungal homeostasis and no longer-term toxicity of GGQLT was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our findings, for the first time, demonstrate GGQLT exhibit anti-AD effects and is worthy of further exploration and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 of Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Ye Lu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 of Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Jiamei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Siyi Wang
- The 1st Clinical Department, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Zepeng Fei
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 of Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Kaiwen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 of Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Dongfang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 of Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No.77 of Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China.
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Liu S, Lu Y, Tian D, Zhang T, Zhang C, Hu CY, Chen P, Meng Y. Hydroxytyrosol Alleviates Obesity-Induced Cognitive Decline by Modulating the Expression Levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factors and Inflammatory Factors in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6250-6264. [PMID: 38491001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT; 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl ethanol) is an important functional polyphenol in olive oil. Our study sought to evaluate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of HT on obesity-induced cognitive impairment. A high-fat and high-fructose-diet-induced obese mice model was treated with HT for 14 weeks. The results show that HT improved the learning and memory abilities and enhanced the expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNFs) and postsynaptic density proteins, protecting neuronal and synaptic functions in obese mice. Transcriptomic results further confirmed that HT improved cognitive impairment by regulating gene expression in neural system development and synaptic function-related pathways. Moreover, HT treatment alleviated neuroinflammation in the brain of obese mice. To sum up, our results indicated that HT can alleviate obesity-induced cognitive dysfunction by enhancing BDNF expression and alleviating neuroinflammation in the brain, which also means that HT may become a potentially useful nutritional supplement to alleviate obesity-induced cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenlin Liu
- The Engineering Research Center of High-Valued Utilization of Fruit Resources in Western China, Ministry of Education; National Research & Development Center of Apple Processing Technology; College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Changan Avenue, Xian, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yalong Lu
- The Engineering Research Center of High-Valued Utilization of Fruit Resources in Western China, Ministry of Education; National Research & Development Center of Apple Processing Technology; College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Changan Avenue, Xian, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
| | - Dan Tian
- The Engineering Research Center of High-Valued Utilization of Fruit Resources in Western China, Ministry of Education; National Research & Development Center of Apple Processing Technology; College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Changan Avenue, Xian, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- The Engineering Research Center of High-Valued Utilization of Fruit Resources in Western China, Ministry of Education; National Research & Development Center of Apple Processing Technology; College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Changan Avenue, Xian, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
| | - Chaoqun Zhang
- The Engineering Research Center of High-Valued Utilization of Fruit Resources in Western China, Ministry of Education; National Research & Development Center of Apple Processing Technology; College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Changan Avenue, Xian, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
| | - Ching Yuan Hu
- The Engineering Research Center of High-Valued Utilization of Fruit Resources in Western China, Ministry of Education; National Research & Development Center of Apple Processing Technology; College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Changan Avenue, Xian, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East-West Road, AgSci. 415J, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Ping Chen
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xian, Shaanxi 710054, P. R. China
| | - Yonghong Meng
- The Engineering Research Center of High-Valued Utilization of Fruit Resources in Western China, Ministry of Education; National Research & Development Center of Apple Processing Technology; College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, 620 West Changan Avenue, Xian, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
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Zou Y, Tang S, Li H, Lu F, Shao L. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid metabolites affected by WenDanTang based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300201. [PMID: 38286733 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
WenDanTang (WDT) is a Chinese herbal formula used to treat various diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. However, the neuroprotective metabolic pathways and the components involved in this process are not fully understood. In this study, we examined the neuroprotective metabolic pathways of WDT in rat brains using cerebrospinal fluid metabolomics and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Twelve rats were randomly divided into a WDT (administrated with WDT solution) and a control group. The ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography technique was used to explore the components of the WDT solution and cerebrospinal fluid, and secondary mass spectra of cerebrospinal fluid were used to identify possible brain-incorporating components after WDT. The results of the differential metabolism analysis showed that eight metabolites were typically altered (all p < 0.05). By comparing the secondary mass spectra of the cerebrospinal fluid of rats and WDT solution, two possible brain-incorporating components of WDT, stachydrine and α-methoxyphenylacetic acid, were identified. The data also suggested that WDT affects nucleotide metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and B-vitamin metabolic pathways, the central differential metabolic pathways. These data suggest that WDT protects neurons through its active components, such as stachydrine, and regulates biochemical metabolism to affect the brain's energy metabolism and antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Theory of Innovation and Application, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, TianJin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Saixue Tang
- Teaching and Research Section of TCM Internal Medicine, First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Haozhi Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Theory of Innovation and Application, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, TianJin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Feilong Lu
- Institute of TCM Clinical Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Shao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Theory of Innovation and Application, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, TianJin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P. R. China
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Fukuyama Y, Kubo M, Harada K. Neurotrophic Natural Products. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 123:1-473. [PMID: 38340248 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-42422-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Neurotrophins (NGF, BDNF, NT3, NT4) can decrease cell death, induce differentiation, as well as sustain the structure and function of neurons, which make them promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. However, neurotrophins have not been very effective in clinical trials mostly because they cannot pass through the blood-brain barrier owing to being high-molecular-weight proteins. Thus, neurotrophin-mimic small molecules, which stimulate the synthesis of endogenous neurotrophins or enhance neurotrophic actions, may serve as promising alternatives to neurotrophins. Small-molecular-weight natural products, which have been used in dietary functional foods or in traditional medicines over the course of human history, have a great potential for the development of new therapeutic agents against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. In this contribution, a variety of natural products possessing neurotrophic properties such as neurogenesis, neurite outgrowth promotion (neuritogenesis), and neuroprotection are described, and a focus is made on the chemistry and biology of several neurotrophic natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyasu Fukuyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan.
| | - Miwa Kubo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
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Zhang J, Zhu C, Jin Y, Shen W, Pan Y, Shen Y. Ginsenoside Rg1 improved learning and memory ability and reduces neuronal apoptosis in epileptic rats through ERK/CREB/BDNF signal pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 675:26-32. [PMID: 37451214 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research was devoted to estimating the outcomes of ginsenoside Rg1 on learning and memory ability and neuronal apoptosis in epileptic rats through ERK/CREB/BDNF pathway. METHODS The epileptic rats induced by lithium chloride were stochastically separated into model subgroup, ginsenoside Rg1 different dose subgroups. The ginsenoside Rg1 subgroups were given 20, 30 and 40 mg/kg ginsenoside Rg1 by gavage individually. Another 6 normal rats were selected as the control subgroup. The seizures of each subgroup were estimated. Morris water maze was utilized for estimating the changes of cognitive function changes of rats. The injury and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in each subgroup were detected by Nissl and TUNEL assays. HE staining was applied for the structural and pathomorphological changes of hippocampal neurons detection. The oxidative stress level in hippocampus of rats was estimated by ELISA. DCFH-DA probe was applied for the changes of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in brain tissue detection. The Bcl-2, Bax, ERK, p-ERK, CREB, p-CREB and BDNF levels in cerebral cortex were estimated by western blot, and PD98059, a blocker of ERK pathway, was used to intervene. RESULTS In the control subgroup, Nissl bodies were abundant and evenly distributed, and cortical neurons were arranged neatly. In the model subgroup, the cytoplasmic staining of cortical neurons was insufficient and the arrangement of neurons was disordered. After treatment with ginsenoside Rg1, the morphology of neurons in the cerebral cortex was restored. The frequency of seizures, duration of seizures, Racine grade, escape latency, target quadrant residence time, MDA, TNF-α and ROS levels of cerebral cortex in the model subgroup boosted notablely versus the control subgroup. The frequency of crossing the original platform, the activity of SOD, the IL-10, p-ERK/ERK, p-CREB/CREB and BDNF levels in cerebral cortex were notablely lessened. The above-mentioned indexes in the ginsenoside Rg1 subgroup were notablely improved versus the model subgroup, and the three proteins levels in the PD98059 intervention subgroup were notablely lower. CONCLUSION Ginsenoside Rg1 can improve cognitive dysfunction in epileptic rats, which may be concerned with ERK/CREB/BDNF pathway activation in cerebral cortex and lessening oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Tongxiang, Tongxiang, 314500, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaochao Zhu
- Department of Emergency, The First People's Hospital of Tongxiang, Tongxiang, 314500, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Tongxiang, Tongxiang, 314500, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wangzhen Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Tongxiang, Tongxiang, 314500, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunfeng Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Tongxiang, Tongxiang, 314500, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First People's Hospital of Tongxiang, Tongxiang, 314500, Zhejiang, China.
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Thawkar BS, Kaur G. Betanin mitigates scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment by restoring cholinergic function, boosting brain antioxidative status, and increasing BDNF level in the zebrafish model. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:335-349. [PMID: 36991213 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Betalains obtained from Beta vulgaris (family Caryophyllales) are regularly consumed as part of the regular diet with medicinal benefits due to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of this article was to evaluate betanin's neuroprotective properties in a scopolamine-induced zebrafish paradigm. Betanin (BET) (50, 100, and 200 mg/L), and donepezil (10 mg/L) were delivered to zebrafish in a treatment tank once a day for 8 days, while memory impairment was produced by scopolamine (100 µM), which was given 60 min before behavioral assessments. The treatment dosages were determined based on acute toxicity studies. The existence of betacyanin and betaxanthins of BET was tested using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The Y-maze task was used to examine the novelty and spatial memory, while the novel tank diving test was used to assess anxiety-like behavior (NTT). The activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and the oxidative stress sensitivity in zebrafish brains were examined. Also, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level is quantified by an ELISA kit. Scopolamine-induced rises in AChE activity, memory loss, anxiety, and brain oxidant capacity were all reduced by BET. These results suggest that BET (50 and 100 mg/L) has a therapeutic ability to treat brain oxidative stress and cognitive deficits in amnesic zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baban S Thawkar
- Department of Pharmacology, SPP School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, SPP School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India.
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Humulus lupulus L. extract and its active constituent xanthohumol attenuate oxidative stress and nerve injury induced by iron overload via activating AKT/GSK3β and Nrf2/NQO1 pathways. J Nat Med 2023; 77:12-27. [PMID: 36074228 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-022-01642-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hops, the dried female clusters from Humulus lupulus L., have traditionally been used as folk medicines for treating insomnia, neuralgia, and menopausal disorders. However, its pharmacological action on iron overload induced nerve damage has not been investigated. This study aims to evaluate the protective effects of hops extract (HLE) and its active constituent xanthohumol (XAN) on nerve injury induced by iron overload in vivo and in vitro, and to explore its underlying mechanism. The results showed that HLE and XAN significantly improved the memory impairment of iron overload mice, mainly manifested as shortened latency time, increased crossing platform times and spontaneous alternation ratio, and increased the expression of related proteins. Additionally, HLE and XAN significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities, and remarkably decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) level in hippocampus. Also, HLE and XAN apparently reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) content of PC12 cells induced by iron dextran (ID), and improved the oxidative stress level. Moreover, HLE and XAN significantly upregulated the expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor (Nrf2), NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), SOD, phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT), and phosphorylated GSK3β (p-GSK3β) both in hippocampus and PC12 cells. These findings demonstrated the protective effect of HLE and XAN against iron-induced memory impairment, which is attributed to its antioxidant profile by activation of AKT/GSK3β and Nrf2/NQO1 pathways. Also, it was suggested that hops could be a potential candidate for iron overload-related neurological diseases treatment.
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Catarina Duarte A, Raquel Costa A, Gonçalves I, Quintela T, Preissner R, R A Santos C. The druggability of bitter taste receptors for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 197:114915. [PMID: 35051386 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of therapeutic drugs to the brain remains a major pharmacology challenge. A complex system of chemical surveillance to protect the brain from endogenous and exogenous toxicants at brain barriers hinders the uptake of many compounds with significant in vitro and ex vivo therapeutic properties. Despite the advances in the field in recent years, the components of this system are not completely understood. Recently, a large group of chemo-sensing receptors, have been identified in the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Among these chemo-sensing receptors, bitter taste receptors (TAS2R) hold promise as potential drug targets, as many TAS2R bind compounds with recognized neuroprotective activity (quercetin, resveratrol, among others). Whether activation of TAS2R by their ligands contributes to their diverse biological actions described in other cells and tissues is still debatable. In this review, we discuss the potential role of TAS2R gene family as the mediators of the biological activity of their ligands for the treatment of central nervous system disorders and discuss their potential to counteract drug resistance by improving drug delivery to the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Duarte
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; CPIRN-IPG- Centro de Potencial e Inovação de Recursos Naturais- Instituto Politécnico da Guarda, Av. Dr. Francisco de Sá Carneiro, 6300-559, Guarda, Portugal
| | - Ana Raquel Costa
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Telma Quintela
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Robert Preissner
- Institute of Physiology and Science-IT, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Philippstrasse 12, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cecília R A Santos
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
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Stojanovic T, Velarde Gamez D, Schuld GJ, Bormann D, Cabatic M, Uhrin P, Lubec G, Monje FJ. Age-Dependent and Pathway-Specific Bimodal Action of Nicotine on Synaptic Plasticity in the Hippocampus of Mice Lacking the miR-132/212 Genes. Cells 2022; 11:261. [PMID: 35053378 PMCID: PMC8774101 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine addiction develops predominantly during human adolescence through smoking. Self-administration experiments in rodents verify this biological preponderance to adolescence, suggesting evolutionary-conserved and age-defined mechanisms which influence the susceptibility to nicotine addiction. The hippocampus, a brain region linked to drug-related memory storage, undergoes major morpho-functional restructuring during adolescence and is strongly affected by nicotine stimulation. However, the signaling mechanisms shaping the effects of nicotine in young vs. adult brains remain unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) emerged recently as modulators of brain neuroplasticity, learning and memory, and addiction. Nevertheless, the age-dependent interplay between miRNAs regulation and hippocampal nicotinergic signaling remains poorly explored. We here combined biophysical and pharmacological methods to examine the impact of miRNA-132/212 gene-deletion (miRNA-132/212-/-) and nicotine stimulation on synaptic functions in adolescent and mature adult mice at two hippocampal synaptic circuits: the medial perforant pathway (MPP) to dentate yrus (DG) synapses (MPP-DG) and CA3 Schaffer collaterals to CA1 synapses (CA3-CA1). Basal synaptic transmission and short-term (paired-pulse-induced) synaptic plasticity was unaltered in adolescent and adult miRNA-132/212-/- mice hippocampi, compared with wild-type controls. However, nicotine stimulation promoted CA3-CA1 synaptic potentiation in mature adult (not adolescent) wild-type and suppressed MPP-DG synaptic potentiation in miRNA-132/212-/- mice. Altered levels of CREB, Phospho-CREB, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) expression were further detected in adult miRNA-132/212-/- mice hippocampi. These observations propose miRNAs as age-sensitive bimodal regulators of hippocampal nicotinergic signaling and, given the relevance of the hippocampus for drug-related memory storage, encourage further research on the influence of miRNAs 132 and 212 in nicotine addiction in the young and the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Stojanovic
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.V.G.); (G.J.S.); (D.B.); (M.C.)
| | - David Velarde Gamez
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.V.G.); (G.J.S.); (D.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Gabor Jorrid Schuld
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.V.G.); (G.J.S.); (D.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Daniel Bormann
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.V.G.); (G.J.S.); (D.B.); (M.C.)
- Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis, Department of Surgery, Regeneration and Applied Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Research Laboratories Vienna General Hospital, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maureen Cabatic
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.V.G.); (G.J.S.); (D.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Pavel Uhrin
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Gert Lubec
- Department of Neuroproteomics, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Francisco J. Monje
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.V.G.); (G.J.S.); (D.B.); (M.C.)
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11
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Vecchio I, Sorrentino L, Paoletti A, Marra R, Arbitrio M. The State of The Art on Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2021; 13:11795735211029113. [PMID: 34285627 PMCID: PMC8267037 DOI: 10.1177/11795735211029113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic disabling disease that affects the central nervous system. The main consequences of AD include the decline of cognitive functions and language disorders. One of the causes leading to AD is the decrease of neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) levels in the brain, in part due to a higher activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the enzyme responsible for its degradation. Many acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs), both natural and synthetic, have been developed and used through the years to counteract the progression of the disease. The first of such drugs approved for a therapeutic use was tacrine, that binds through a reversible bond to the enzyme. However, tacrine has since been withdrawn because of its adverse effects. Currently, donepezil and galantamine are very promising AChEIs with clinical benefits. Moreover, rivastigmine is considered a pseudo-irreversible compound with anti-AChE action, providing similar effects at the clinical level. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of what has been published over the last decade on the effectiveness of AChEIs in AD, analysing the most relevant issues under the clinical and methodological profiles and the consequent possible welfare effects for the whole world. Furthermore, novel drugs and possible therapeutic approaches are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Vecchio
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation of the National Research Council, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Annamaria Paoletti
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation of the National Research Council, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosario Marra
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation of the National Research Council, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariamena Arbitrio
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation of the National Research Council, Catanzaro, Italy
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12
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Hur KH, Kim SE, Ma SX, Lee BR, Ko YH, Seo JY, Kim SK, Kim YJ, Sung SJ, Lee Y, Jung YH, Lee YS, Lee SY, Jang CG. Methoxphenidine (MXP) induced abnormalities: Addictive and schizophrenia-related behaviours based on an imbalance of neurochemicals in the brain. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:3869-3887. [PMID: 33987827 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Methoxphenidine is a dissociative-based novel psychoactive designer drug. Although fatal accidents from methoxphenidine abuse have been reported, recreational use of the drug continues. We aim to provide scientific supportfor legal regulation of recreational abuse of methoxphenidine by demonstrating its the pharmacological action. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Addictive potential of methoxphenidine was examined using intravenous self-administration test with rats and conditioned place preference test with mice. Further, a series of behavioural tests (open field test, elevated plus maze test, novel object recognition test, social interaction test and tail suspension test) performed to assess whether methoxphenidine caused schizophrenia-related symptoms in mice. Additionally, neurotransmitter enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot were used to confirm methoxphenidine-induced neurochemical changes in specific brain regions related to abnormal behaviours. KEY RESULTS Methoxphenidine caused addictive behaviours via reinforcing and rewarding effects. Consistently, methoxphenidine induced over-activation of dopamine pathways in the nuclear accumbens, indicating activation of the brain reward circuit. Also, methoxphenidine caused all categories of schizophrenia-related symptoms, including positive symptoms (hyperactivity, impulsivity), negative symptoms (anxiety, social withdrawal, depression) and cognitive impairment. Consistently, methoxphenidine led to the disruption of the hippocampal-prefrontal cortex pathway that is considered to be pathological involved in schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We demonastrate that methoxphenidine causes addictive and schizophrenia-like behaviours and induces neurochemical changes in brain regions associated with these behaviours. We propose that methoxphenidine could be used in developing useful animal disease models and that it also requires legal restrictions on its recreational use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Hyun Hur
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Seong-Eon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Shi-Xun Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Bo-Ram Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yong-Hyun Ko
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jee-Yeon Seo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Seon-Kyung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Young-Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Su-Jeong Sung
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Youyoung Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Young Hoon Jung
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yong-Sup Lee
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok-Yong Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Choon-Gon Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
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13
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Capatina L, Todirascu-Ciornea E, Napoli EM, Ruberto G, Hritcu L, Dumitru G. Thymus vulgaris Essential Oil Protects Zebrafish against Cognitive Dysfunction by Regulating Cholinergic and Antioxidants Systems. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111083. [PMID: 33158153 PMCID: PMC7694219 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymus vulgaris L. is an aromatic herb used for medicinal purposes such as antimicrobial, spasmolytic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antitumor, and may have beneficial effects in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. The present study aimed to investigate whether Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil enhances cognitive function via the action on cholinergic neurons using scopolamine (Sco)-induced zebrafish (Danio rerio) model of memory impairments. Thymus vulgaris L. essential oil (TEO, 25, 150, and 300 µL/L) was administered by immersion to zebrafish once daily for 13 days, whereas memory impairment was induced by Sco (100 μM), a muscarinic receptor antagonist, delivered 30 min before behavioral tests. Spatial memory was assessed using the Y-maze test and novel object recognition test (NOR). Anxiety and depression were measured in the novel tank diving test (NTT). Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was used to study the phytochemical composition of TEO. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and oxidative stress response in the brain of zebrafish were determined. TEO ameliorated Sco-induced increasing of AChE activity, amnesia, anxiety, and reduced the brain antioxidant capacity. These results suggest that TEO may have preventive and/or therapeutic potentials in the management of memory deficits and brain oxidative stress in zebrafish with amnesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luminita Capatina
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (L.C.); (E.T.-C.); (G.D.)
| | - Elena Todirascu-Ciornea
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (L.C.); (E.T.-C.); (G.D.)
| | - Edoardo Marco Napoli
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council ICB-CNR, 95126 Catania, Italy; (E.M.N.); (G.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Ruberto
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council ICB-CNR, 95126 Catania, Italy; (E.M.N.); (G.R.)
| | - Lucian Hritcu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (L.C.); (E.T.-C.); (G.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-232-201-666
| | - Gabriela Dumitru
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (L.C.); (E.T.-C.); (G.D.)
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14
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Lv J, Lu C, Jiang N, Wang H, Huang H, Chen Y, Li Y, Liu X. Protective effect of ginsenoside Rh2 on scopolamine-induced memory deficits through regulation of cholinergic transmission, oxidative stress and the ERK-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway. Phytother Res 2020; 35:337-345. [PMID: 32754961 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Rh2 is a rare ginsenoside and there are few reports of its effect on cognition compared with other similar molecules. This study aimed to establish the impact of Rh2 treatment on improving scopolamine (Scop)-induced memory deficits in mice and illuminate the underlying mechanisms. First, memory-related behavior was evaluated using two approaches: object location recognition (OLR), based on spontaneous activity, and a Morris water maze (MWM) task, based on an aversive stimulus. Our results suggested that Rh2 treatment effectively increased the discrimination index of the mice in the OLR test. In addition, Rh2 elevated the crossing numbers and decreased the escape latency during the MWM task. Moreover, Rh2 markedly upregulated the phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-cAMP response element binding (CREB)-brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) pathway in the hippocampus. Meanwhile, the administration of Rh2 significantly promoted the cholinergic system and dramatically suppressed oxidative stress in the hippocampus. Taken together, Rh2 exhibited neuroprotective effects against Scop-induced memory dysfunction in mice. Rh2 activity might be ascribed to several underlying mechanisms, including its effects on modulating the cholinergic transmission, inhibiting oxidative stress and activating the ERK-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway. Consequently, the ginsenoside Rh2 might serve as a promising candidate compound for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Lv
- Research Center for Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Lu
- Research Center for Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Research Center for Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- Research Center for Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Research Center for Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujiao Li
- Affiliated (T.C.M.) Hospital, Sino-Portugal TCM International Cooperation Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Research Center for Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Affiliated (T.C.M.) Hospital, Sino-Portugal TCM International Cooperation Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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15
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Wang H, Jiang N, Lv J, Huang H, Liu X. Ginsenoside Rd reverses cognitive deficits by modulating BDNF-dependent CREB pathway in chronic restraint stress mice. Life Sci 2020; 258:118107. [PMID: 32682919 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment has been widely recognized as a common symptom of chronic stress. Ginsenoside Rd (GRd), the major active compound in Panax ginseng, was previously reported in various neurological researches. However, little research is available regarding on the effect of GRd on cognitive improvement in mice subjected to chronic stress. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of GRd in chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced cognitive deficits and explored the potential mechanism in male C57BL/6J mice. Our results demonstrated that oral administration of GRd for 28 days markedly increased the spontaneous alternation in Y-maze and the relative discrimination index in novel object or location recognition tests following CRS. Additionally, GRd treatment considerably increased the antioxidant enzymes activities in the hippocampus. The expression levels of hippocampus and serum inflammation factors in the CRS groups were also counter-regulated by GRd treatment. Meanwhile, GRd treatment could reverse CRS-induced the decrease in phosphorylated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), camp-reflecting element binding protein (CREB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) expression in the hippocampus. These findings provided evidences that GRd improves cognitive impairment in CRS mice by mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation, while upregulating the hippocampal BDNF-mediated CREB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Wang
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingwei Lv
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
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16
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Xiyang YB, Liu R, Wang XY, Li S, Zhao Y, Lu BT, Xiao ZC, Zhang LF, Wang TH, Zhang J. COX5A Plays a Vital Role in Memory Impairment Associated With Brain Aging via the BDNF/ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:215. [PMID: 32754029 PMCID: PMC7365906 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit Va (COX5A) is involved in maintaining normal mitochondrial function. However, little is known on the role of COX5A in the development and progress of Alzheimer’s disease (Martinez-Losa et al., 2018). In this study, we established and characterized the genomic profiles of genes expressed in the hippocampus of Senescence-Accelerated Mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8) mice, and revealed differential expression of COX5A among 12-month-aged SAMP8 mice and 2-month-aged SAMP8 mice. Newly established transgenic mice with systemic COX5A overexpression (51% increase) resulted in the improvement of spatial recognition memory and hippocampal synaptic plasticity, recovery of hippocampal CA1 dendrites, and activation of the BDNF/ERK1/2 signaling pathway in vivo. Moreover, mice with both COX5A overexpression and BDNF knockdown showed a poor recovery in spatial recognition memory as well as a decrease in spine density and branching of dendrites in CA1, when compared to mice that only overexpressed COX5A. In vitro studies supported that COX5A affected neuronal growth via BDNF. In summary, this study was the first to show that COX5A in the hippocampus plays a vital role in aging-related cognitive deterioration via BDNF/ERK1/2 regulation, and suggested that COX5A may be a potential target for anti-senescence drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bin Xiyang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ruan Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xu-Yang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ya Zhao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Bing-Tuan Lu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Xiao
- Monash Immunology and Stem Cell Laboratories (MISCL), Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lian-Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Human Diseases Comparative Medicine, Ministry of Health, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine Centre, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Ting-Hua Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Basic Medical College, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Birth Defects and Genetic Diseases, Department of Medical Genetics, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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17
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Wang C, Chen L, Xu C, Shi J, Chen S, Tan M, Chen J, Zou L, Chen C, Liu Z, Liu X. A Comprehensive Review for Phytochemical, Pharmacological, and Biosynthesis Studies on Glycyrrhiza spp. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:17-45. [PMID: 31931596 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Licorice is extensively applied in food as well as herbal medicine across the world, possessing a substantial share in the global market. It has made great progress in chemical and pharmacological research in recent years. Currently, Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat., and Glycyrrhiza glabra L. were officially used as Gan-Cao according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Accumulating evidence demonstrated three varieties of licorice have their own special compounds except for two quality markers set by Pharmacopoeia, providing great possibility for better understanding their characteristics, evaluating quality of each species and studying biosynthesis mechanisms of species-specific compounds. As a special "guide drug" in clinic, licorice plays an important role in Chinese herbal formulas. The interaction between licorice with other ingredients and their metabolism in vivo should also be taken into consideration. In addition, draft genome annotation, and success of the final step of glycyrrhizin biosynthesis have paved the way for biosynthesis of other active constituents in licorice, a promising beginning of solving source shortage. Accordingly, we comprehensively explored the nearly 400 chemical compounds found in the three varieties of licorice so far, systematically excavated various pharmacological activities, including metabolism via CYP450 system in vivo, and introduced the complete biosynthesis pathway of glycyrrhizin in licorice. The review will facilitate the further research toward this herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lihong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Chaoqie Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shuyu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Mengxia Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jiali Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lisi Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Cuihua Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zixiu Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xunhong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese, Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China.,National and Local Collaborative Engineering, Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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18
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Rebas E, Rzajew J, Radzik T, Zylinska L. Neuroprotective Polyphenols: A Modulatory Action on Neurotransmitter Pathways. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:431-445. [PMID: 31903883 PMCID: PMC7457434 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200106155127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Balance in neurotransmission is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system and even a small, but prolonged disturbance, can induce the negative feedback mechanisms leading to various neuropathologies. Neurodegenerative and mood disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's or affective disorders are increasing medical and social problems. Among the wide spectrum of potentially destructive events, oxidative stress and disrupted metabolism of some neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, GABA, glutamate, serotonin or dopamine appear to play a decisive role. Biologically active plant polyphenols have been shown to exert a positive impact on the function of the central nervous system by modulation of metabolism and the action of some neurotransmitters. METHODS Based on published research, the pharmacological activities of some naturally occurring polyphenols have been reviewed, with a focus on their potential therapeutic importance in the regulation of neurotransmitter systems. RESULTS Phytochemicals can be classified into several groups and most of them possess anticancer, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. They can also modulate the metabolism or action of some neurotransmitters and/or their receptors. Based on these properties, phytochemicals have been used in traditional medicine for ages, although it was focused mainly on treating symptoms. However, growing evidence indicates that polyphenols may also prevent or slow neurological diseases. CONCLUSION Phytochemicals seem to be less toxic than synthetic drugs and they can be a safer alternative for currently used preparations, which exert adverse side effects. The neuroprotective actions of some plant polyphenols in the regulation of neurotransmitters metabolism, functioning of neurotransmitters receptors and antioxidative defense have potential therapeutic applications in various neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Rebas
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jowita Rzajew
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Radzik
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ludmila Zylinska
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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19
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Cognitive Function and Consumption of Fruit and Vegetable Polyphenols in a Young Population: Is There a Relationship? Foods 2019; 8:foods8100507. [PMID: 31627296 PMCID: PMC6836211 DOI: 10.3390/foods8100507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientific evidence has shown the relationship between consumption of fruits and vegetables and their polyphenols with the prevention or treatment of diseases. The aim of this review was to find out whether the same relationship exists between fruits and vegetables and cognitive function, especially memory, in a young population. The mechanisms by which polyphenols of fruits and vegetables can exert cognitive benefits were also evaluated. These compounds act to improve neuronal plasticity through the protein CREB (Camp Response Element Binding) in the hippocampus, modulating pathways of signaling and transcription factors (ERK/Akt). In the same way, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is implicated in the maintenance, survival, growth, and differentiation of neurons. All these effects are produced by an increase of cerebral blood flow and an increase of the blood’s nitric oxide levels and oxygenation.
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20
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Fermented rice peptides attenuate scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice by regulating neurotrophic signaling pathways in the hippocampus. Brain Res 2019; 1720:146322. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Ko YH, Kwon SH, Lee SY, Jang CG. Isoorientin improves scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments by restoring the cholinergic system, antioxidant defense, and p-CREB/BDNF signaling in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:722-731. [PMID: 31350730 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01172-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Isoorientin (ISO) is considered one of the most important flavonoids with various pharmacological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities. Despite these beneficial activities, the effects of ISO on learning and memory have not been investigated so far. The current study evaluated the memory-enhancing effects of ISO in a scopolamine-treated mouse model by using the Y-maze and passive avoidance tests. The results showed that ISO (5 and 10 mg/kg, p.o.) treatment significantly improved the cognitive impairments caused by scopolamine. Additionally, ISO significantly decreased scopolamine-induced acetylcholinesterase and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance activities in both the hippocampus and frontal cortex of mice. In addition, ISO significantly increased the levels of total superoxide dismutase induced by scopolamine in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Moreover, Western blot results indicated that ISO reversed the decreases in expression of phosphorylated cAMP response element binding (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of scopolamine-treated mice. Thus, our results provide initial evidence that ISO ameliorates scopolamine-induced memory and cognitive impairments partly by restoring the cholinergic system, antioxidant defense, and p-CREB/BDNF signaling pathway, thereby exhibiting memory-enhancing activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hyun Ko
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Yong Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Gon Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Xiao D, Liu L, Li Y, Ruan J, Wang H. Licorisoflavan A Exerts Antidepressant-Like Effect in Mice: Involvement of BDNF-TrkB Pathway and AMPA Receptors. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:2044-2056. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02840-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Zhu X, Liu J, Huang S, Zhu W, Wang Y, Chen O, Xue J. Neuroprotective effects of isoliquiritigenin against cognitive impairment via suppression of synaptic dysfunction, neuronal injury, and neuroinflammation in rats with kainic acid-induced seizures. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 72:358-366. [PMID: 31030091 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epileptogenesis is a dynamic process initiated by insults to brain and commonly accompanied by cognitive impairment. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL), a flavonoid in licorice, has a broad spectrum of biological effects including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. However, the protective effects of ISL against cognitive impairment in epileptic processes and the underlying molecular mechanism are not well understood. To address these questions, we established an reproducible seizure model by intracerebroventricular injection of kainic acid (KA) in 21-day-old rats; ISL was intraperitoneally administered three times prior to KA injection, and changes in cognitive function; synaptic plasticity; neuronal injury; number of glial cells; and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and nuclear factor-like (NRF)2 signaling and NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein (NLRP)3 inflammasome components in the hippocampus were examined. Rats with KA-induced seizures showed longer average escape latency and decreases in the number of platform crossings and average time spent in the target quadrant in the Morris water maze; ISL pretreatment reversed this decline in cognitive impairment and increased the protein levels of synaptophysin, postsynaptic density-95 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor while reducing the number of Fluoro Jade B-positive cells, microglia, and astrocytes; cleaved-Caspase-3 and -9 protein levels; and tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-18 production. It also enhanced the nuclear localization of NRF2, hemeoxygenase-1, and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO) 1, and reversed the upregulation of NLRP3 inflammasome components NLRP3 and Caspase-1 induced by KA injection. Thus, ISL protects against cognitive impairment in KA-induced epileptic processes possibly through regulation of NRF2 signaling and the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jiankun Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second People's Hospital of Jinan City, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Shanying Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Weiwei Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Yibiao Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ou Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; Nursing School, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Jiang Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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Liao Y, Bae HJ, Zhang J, Kwon Y, Koo B, Jung IH, Kim HM, Park JH, Lew JH, Ryu JH. The Ameliorating Effects of Bee Pollen on Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:379-388. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Liao
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University
| | - Ho Jung Bae
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University
| | - Jiabao Zhang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University
| | - Yubeen Kwon
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University
| | - Bokyung Koo
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University
| | - In Ho Jung
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University
| | | | - Jong Hun Park
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University
| | - Jae Hwan Lew
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University
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25
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Zhang Z, Zhang S, Lui CNP, Zhu P, Zhang Z, Lin K, Dai Y, Yung KKL. Traditional Chinese medicine-based neurorestorative therapy for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. JOURNAL OF NEURORESTORATOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.26599/jnr.2019.9040026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of multiple neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), has been dramatically increasing, particularly in the aging population. However, the currently available therapies merely alleviate the symptoms of these diseases and are unable to retard disease progression significantly. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used in clinical practice for thousands of years for ameliorating symptoms or interfering with the pathogenesis of aging- associated diseases. Modern pharmacological studies have proved that TCM imparts disease-modifying therapeutic effects against these diseases, such as protection of neurons, clearance of protein aggregates, and regulation of neuroinflammation. This review summarizes the evidence from recent studies on AD and PD therapies regarding the neuroprotective activities and molecular mechanisms of a series of TCM formulations comprising herbs and their active ingredients. The findings of this review support the use of TCM as an alternative source of therapy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Ma SX, Kim HC, Lee SY, Jang CG. TRPV1 modulates morphine self-administration via activation of the CaMKII-CREB pathway in the nucleus accumbens. Neurochem Int 2018; 121:1-7. [PMID: 30292787 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Opioid addiction is a growing problem for public health, and opioids have correspondingly become more heavily regulated over time. We have previously shown that TRPV1 plays a critical role in morphine addiction using a self-administration paradigm in rats, and the current study evaluates the effects of the TRPV1 signaling pathway on morphine self-administration (SA). We found that treatment with a selective TRPV1 antagonist, SB366791, significantly decreased the morphine SA-induced activation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), Akt and the cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). In addition, phospho-PKA and phospho-PKC expression levels were significantly increased in the NAc of the morphine-SA groups, regardless of SB366791 treatment. Finally, local microinjection of SB366791 into the NAc significantly suppressed the maintenance of morphine SA. Taken together, our findings highlight that TRPV1 plays an important role in morphine addiction, likely via activation of the CaMKII-CREB pathway in the NAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Xun Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Neurotoxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Yong Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Gon Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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Bakoyiannis I, Daskalopoulou A, Pergialiotis V, Perrea D. Phytochemicals and cognitive health: Are flavonoids doing the trick? Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:1488-1497. [PMID: 30551400 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids constitute a large group of polyphenolic compounds with numerous effects on behaviour and cognition. These effects vary from learning and memory enhancement to an improvement of general cognition. Furthermore, flavonoids have been implicated in a) neuronal proliferation and survival, by acting on a variety of cellular signalling cascades, including the ERK/CREB/BDNF and PI3K/Akt pathway, b) oxidative stress reduction and c) relief from Alzheimer's disease-type symptoms. From an electrophysiological aspect, they promote long term potentiation in the hippocampus, supporting the hypothesis of synaptic plasticity mediation. Together, these actions reveal a neuroprotective effect of flavonoid compounds in the brain. Therefore, flavonoid intake could be a potential clinical direction for prevention and/or attenuation of cognitive decline deterioration which accompanies various brain disorders. The purpose of the current review paper was to summarise all these effects on cognition, describe the possible pathways via which they may act on a cellular level and provide a better picture for future research towards this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Bakoyiannis
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Greece.
| | - Afrodite Daskalopoulou
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Greece
| | - Vasilios Pergialiotis
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Greece
| | - Despina Perrea
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research N.S. Christeas, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Greece
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28
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Ramalingam M, Kim H, Lee Y, Lee YI. Phytochemical and Pharmacological Role of Liquiritigenin and Isoliquiritigenin From Radix Glycyrrhizae in Human Health and Disease Models. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:348. [PMID: 30443212 PMCID: PMC6221911 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing lifespan in developed countries results in age-associated chronic diseases. Biological aging is a complex process associated with accumulated cellular damage by environmental or genetic factors with increasing age. Aging results in marked changes in brain structure and function. Age-related neurodegenerative diseases and disorders (NDDs) represent an ever-growing socioeconomic challenge and lead to an overall reduction in quality of life around the world. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are most common degenerative neurological disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) in aging process. The low levels of acetylcholine and dopamine are major neuropathological feature of NDDs in addition to oxidative stress, intracellular calcium ion imbalance, mitochondrial dysfunction, ubiquitin-proteasome system impairment and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Current treatments minimally influence these diseases and are ineffective in curing the multifunctional pathological mechanisms. Synthetic neuroprotective agents sometimes have negative reactions as an adverse effect in humans. Recently, numerous ethnobotanical studies have reported that herbal medicines for the treatment or prevention of NDDs are significantly better than synthetic drug treatment. Medicinal herbs have traditionally been used around the world for centuries. Radix Glycyrrhizae (RG) is the dried roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis or G. glabra or G. inflata from the Leguminosae/Fabaceae family. It has been used for centuries in traditional medicine as a life enhancer, for the treatment of coughs and influenza, and for detoxification. Diverse chemical constituents from RG have reported including flavanones, chalcones, triterpenoid saponins, coumarines, and other glycosides. Among them, flavanone liquiritigenin (LG) and its precursor and isomer chalcone isoliquiritigenin (ILG) are the main bioactive constituents of RG. In the present review, we summarize evidence in the literature on the structure and phytochemical properties and pharmacological applications of LG and ILG in age-related diseases to establish new therapeutics to improve human health and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Ramalingam
- Well Aging Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyojung Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yunjong Lee
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yun-Il Lee
- Well Aging Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea.,Companion Diagnostics and Medical Technology Research Group, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea
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29
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Zhang R, Guo L, Ji Z, Li X, Zhang C, Ma Z, Fu Q, Qu R, Ma S. Radix Scutellariae Attenuates CUMS-Induced Depressive-Like Behavior by Promoting Neurogenesis via cAMP/PKA Pathway. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:2111-2120. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2635-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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30
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Lu C, Wang Y, Wang D, Zhang L, Lv J, Jiang N, Fan B, Liu X, Wang F. Neuroprotective Effects of Soy Isoflavones on Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Mice. Nutrients 2018; 10:E853. [PMID: 29966363 PMCID: PMC6073222 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the recent years, interest in soybean as a neuroprotective nutrient in the management of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has increased and soy isoflavones (SI), as kinds of soybean phytochemicals, are thought to be biologically active components that confer this beneficial effect against neurodegenerative diseases. However, the neuroprotective effect of SI is not well understood. Therefore, the present study (30 days) was conducted to investigate the neuroprotective effects of soy isoflavones (SI) on scopolamine (SCOP)-induced memory impairments in Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice (aged 4 weeks) and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms of action. SI (40 mg/kg) administration improved the cognitive performance of SCOP-treated mice in an object location recognition task and the Morris water maze test. SI (40 mg/kg) administration significantly enhanced cholinergic system function and suppressed oxidative stress levels in the hippocampus of SCOP-treated mice. Furthermore, SI (40 mg/kg) treatment markedly upregulated the phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression levels in the hippocampus. Taken together, these results demonstrated that soy isoflavones exerted a significant neuroprotective effect on cognitive dysfunctions induced by scopolamine, suggesting that soy isoflavones could be a good candidate for possible treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
- Research Center for Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Donghui Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lijing Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jingwei Lv
- Research Center for Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ning Jiang
- Research Center for Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Bei Fan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Research Center for Pharmacology & Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China.
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Zhao Y, Lv B, Feng X, Li C. Perspective on Biotransformation and De Novo Biosynthesis of Licorice Constituents. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:11147-11156. [PMID: 29179542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Licorice, an important herbal medicine, is derived from the dried roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza genus plants. It has been widely used in food, pharmaceutical, tobacco, and cosmetics industries with high economic value. However, overexploitation of licorice resources has severely destroyed the local ecology. Therefore, producing bioactive compounds of licorice through the biotransformation and bioengineering methods is a hot spot in recent years. In this perspective, we comprehensively summarize the biotransformation of licorice constituents into high-value-added derivatives by biocatalysts. Furthermore, successful cases and the strategies for de novo biosynthesizing compounds of licorice in microbes have been summarized. This paper will provide new insights for the further research of licorice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Zhao
- Institute for Biotransformation and Synthetic Biosystem, Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Lv
- Institute for Biotransformation and Synthetic Biosystem, Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Feng
- Institute for Biotransformation and Synthetic Biosystem, Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Li
- Institute for Biotransformation and Synthetic Biosystem, Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
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