1
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Nguyen TTT, Tokuhiro K, Shimada K, Wang H, Mashiko D, Tonai S, Kiyozumi D, Ikawa M. Gene-deficient mouse model established by CRISPR/Cas9 system reveals 15 reproductive organ-enriched genes dispensable for male fertility. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1411162. [PMID: 38835510 PMCID: PMC11148293 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1411162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the advent of gene-targeting technology in embryonic stem cells, mice have become a primary model organism for investigating human gene function due to the striking genomic similarities between the two species. With the introduction of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for genome editing in mice, the pace of loss-of-function analysis has accelerated significantly. This has led to the identification of numerous genes that play crucial roles in male reproductive processes, including meiosis, chromatin condensation, flagellum formation in the testis, sperm maturation in the epididymis, and fertilization in the oviduct. Despite the advancements, the functions of many genes, particularly those enriched in male reproductive tissues, remain largely unknown. In our study, we focused on 15 genes and generated 13 gene-deficient mice [4933411K16Rik, Adam triple (Adam20, Adam25, and Adam39), BC048671, Cfap68, Gm4846, Gm4984, Gm13570, Nt5c1b, Ppp1r42, Saxo4, Sh3d21, Spz1, and Tektl1] to elucidate their roles in male fertility. Surprisingly, all 13 gene-deficient mice exhibited normal fertility in natural breeding experiments, indicating that these genes are not essential for male fertility. These findings have important implications as they may help prevent other research laboratories from duplicating efforts to generate knockout mice for genes that do not demonstrate an apparent phenotype related to male fertility. By shedding light on the dispensability of these genes, our study contributes to a more efficient allocation of research resources in the exploration of male reproductive biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuyen Thi Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Genome Editing, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keizo Tokuhiro
- Department of Genome Editing, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Shimada
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haoting Wang
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mashiko
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shingo Tonai
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daiji Kiyozumi
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Soufizadeh P, Mansouri V, Ahmadbeigi N. A review of animal models utilized in preclinical studies of approved gene therapy products: trends and insights. Lab Anim Res 2024; 40:17. [PMID: 38649954 PMCID: PMC11034049 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-024-00195-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Scientific progress heavily relies on rigorous research, adherence to scientific standards, and transparent reporting. Animal models play a crucial role in advancing biomedical research, especially in the field of gene therapy. Animal models are vital tools in preclinical research, allowing scientists to predict outcomes and understand complex biological processes. The selection of appropriate animal models is critical, considering factors such as physiological and pathophysiological similarities, availability, and ethical considerations. Animal models continue to be indispensable tools in preclinical gene therapy research. Advancements in genetic engineering and model selection have improved the fidelity and relevance of these models. As gene therapy research progresses, careful consideration of animal models and transparent reporting will contribute to the development of effective therapies for various genetic disorders and diseases. This comprehensive review explores the use of animal models in preclinical gene therapy studies for approved products up to September 2023. The study encompasses 47 approved gene therapy products, with a focus on preclinical trials. This comprehensive analysis serves as a valuable reference for researchers in the gene therapy field, aiding in the selection of suitable animal models for their preclinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Soufizadeh
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Biomedical Research Institute, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Mansouri
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Ahmadbeigi
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Hamdan MF, Karlson CKS, Teoh EY, Lau SE, Tan BC. Genome Editing for Sustainable Crop Improvement and Mitigation of Biotic and Abiotic Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11192625. [PMID: 36235491 PMCID: PMC9573444 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Climate change poses a serious threat to global agricultural activity and food production. Plant genome editing technologies have been widely used to develop crop varieties with superior qualities or can tolerate adverse environmental conditions. Unlike conventional breeding techniques (e.g., selective breeding and mutation breeding), modern genome editing tools offer more targeted and specific alterations of the plant genome and could significantly speed up the progress of developing crops with desired traits, such as higher yield and/or stronger resilience to the changing environment. In this review, we discuss the current development and future applications of genome editing technologies in mitigating the impacts of biotic and abiotic stresses on agriculture. We focus specifically on the CRISPR/Cas system, which has been the center of attention in the last few years as a revolutionary genome-editing tool in various species. We also conducted a bibliographic analysis on CRISPR-related papers published from 2012 to 2021 (10 years) to identify trends and potential in the CRISPR/Cas-related plant research. In addition, this review article outlines the current shortcomings and challenges of employing genome editing technologies in agriculture with notes on future prospective. We believe combining conventional and more innovative technologies in agriculture would be the key to optimizing crop improvement beyond the limitations of traditional agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Fadhli Hamdan
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chou Khai Soong Karlson
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Ee Yang Teoh
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Su-Ee Lau
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Boon Chin Tan
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3-7967-7982
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4
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Hamdan MF, Karlson CKS, Teoh EY, Lau SE, Tan BC. Genome Editing for Sustainable Crop Improvement and Mitigation of Biotic and Abiotic Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022. [PMID: 36235491 DOI: 10.1007/s44187-022-00009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Climate change poses a serious threat to global agricultural activity and food production. Plant genome editing technologies have been widely used to develop crop varieties with superior qualities or can tolerate adverse environmental conditions. Unlike conventional breeding techniques (e.g., selective breeding and mutation breeding), modern genome editing tools offer more targeted and specific alterations of the plant genome and could significantly speed up the progress of developing crops with desired traits, such as higher yield and/or stronger resilience to the changing environment. In this review, we discuss the current development and future applications of genome editing technologies in mitigating the impacts of biotic and abiotic stresses on agriculture. We focus specifically on the CRISPR/Cas system, which has been the center of attention in the last few years as a revolutionary genome-editing tool in various species. We also conducted a bibliographic analysis on CRISPR-related papers published from 2012 to 2021 (10 years) to identify trends and potential in the CRISPR/Cas-related plant research. In addition, this review article outlines the current shortcomings and challenges of employing genome editing technologies in agriculture with notes on future prospective. We believe combining conventional and more innovative technologies in agriculture would be the key to optimizing crop improvement beyond the limitations of traditional agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Fadhli Hamdan
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Chou Khai Soong Karlson
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Ee Yang Teoh
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Su-Ee Lau
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Boon Chin Tan
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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5
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Hawsawi YM, Shams A, Theyab A, Siddiqui J, Barnawee M, Abdali WA, Marghalani NA, Alshelali NH, Al-Sayed R, Alzahrani O, Alqahtani A, Alsulaiman AM. The State-of-the-Art of Gene Editing and its Application to Viral Infections and Diseases Including COVID-19. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:869889. [PMID: 35782122 PMCID: PMC9241565 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.869889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy delivers a promising hope to cure many diseases and defects. The discovery of gene-editing technology fueled the world with valuable tools that have been employed in various domains of science, medicine, and biotechnology. Multiple means of gene editing have been established, including CRISPR/Cas, ZFNs, and TALENs. These strategies are believed to help understand the biological mechanisms of disease progression. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been designated the causative virus for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that emerged at the end of 2019. This viral infection is a highly pathogenic and transmissible disease that caused a public health pandemic. As gene editing tools have shown great success in multiple scientific and medical areas, they could eventually contribute to discovering novel therapeutic and diagnostic strategies to battle the COVID-19 pandemic disease. This review aims to briefly highlight the history and some of the recent advancements of gene editing technologies. After that, we will describe various biological features of the CRISPR-Cas9 system and its diverse implications in treating different infectious diseases, both viral and non-viral. Finally, we will present current and future advancements in combating COVID-19 with a potential contribution of the CRISPR system as an antiviral modality in this battle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef M. Hawsawi
- Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Al-Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar Shams
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taif University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Theyab
- College of Medicine, Al-Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Laboratory & Blood Bank, Security Forces Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jumana Siddiqui
- Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mawada Barnawee
- Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wed A. Abdali
- Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada A. Marghalani
- Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada H. Alshelali
- Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan Al-Sayed
- Research Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman Alzahrani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Genome and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alanoud Alqahtani
- Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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6
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Igarashi K, Hori T, Yamamoto M, Sohma H, Suzuki N, Tsutsumi H, Kawasaki Y, Kokai Y. CCL8 deficiency in the host abrogates early mortality of acute graft-versus-host disease in mice with dysregulated IL-6 expression. Exp Hematol 2022; 106:47-57. [PMID: 34808257 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a curative treatment for diverse malignant and nonmalignant diseases, acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is strongly linked to mortality caused by HSCT. We previously reported that CC chemokine ligand 8 (CCL8) is closely correlated to aGVHD mortality in both humans and mice. To study the role of CCL8 in aGVHD, CCL8 knockout (CCL8-/-) mice were transplanted with fully allogeneic marrow grafts. These mice exhibited a significant reduction in mortality (90.0% vs. 23.4% survival for CCL8-/- vs. wild-type recipients at day 28, p < 0.0001). As a result, apparent prolonged median survival from 9 days in wild-type mice to 45 days in CCL8-/- mice was observed. Acute GVHD pathology and liver dysfunction in CCL8-/- mice were significantly attenuated compared with those in wild-type mice. In association with the reduced mortality, a surge of plasma interleukin (IL)-6 was observed in CCL8-/- recipients with allogeneic marrow, which was significantly increased compared with wild-type mice that received allografts. Donor T-cell expansion and plasma levels of interferon-γ and TNF-α during aGVHD were similar in both types of mice. Collectively, these findings indicate that CCL8 plays a major role in aGVHD pathogenesis with possible involvement of an IL-6 signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Igarashi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute of Frontier Medicine; Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine.
| | - Tsukasa Hori
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Masaki Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Hitoshi Sohma
- Department of Educational Development, Center for Medical Education, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Tsutsumi
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Yukihiko Kawasaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Yasuo Kokai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Research Institute of Frontier Medicine
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7
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Jolivet G, Daniel-Carlier N, Harscoët E, Airaud E, Dewaele A, Pierson C, Giton F, Boulanger L, Daniel N, Mandon-Pépin B, Pannetier M, Pailhoux E. Fetal Estrogens are not Involved in Sex Determination But Critical for Early Ovarian Differentiation in Rabbits. Endocrinology 2022; 163:6382335. [PMID: 34614143 PMCID: PMC8598387 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AROMATASE is encoded by the CYP19A1 gene and is the cytochrome enzyme responsible for estrogen synthesis in vertebrates. In most mammals, a peak of CYP19A1 gene expression occurs in the fetal XX gonad when sexual differentiation is initiated. To elucidate the role of this peak, we produced 3 lines of TALEN genetically edited CYP19A1 knockout (KO) rabbits that were devoid of any estradiol production. All the KO XX rabbits developed as females with aberrantly small ovaries in adulthood, an almost empty reserve of primordial follicles, and very few large antrum follicles. Ovulation never occurred. Our histological, immunohistological, and transcriptomic analyses showed that the estradiol surge in the XX fetal rabbit gonad is not essential to its determination as an ovary, or for meiosis. However, it is mandatory for the high proliferation and differentiation of both somatic and germ cells, and consequently for establishment of the ovarian reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Jolivet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, ENVA, UVSQ, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Correspondence: Geneviève Jolivet, domaine de Vilvert, INRAE, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | | | - Erwana Harscoët
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, ENVA, UVSQ, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Eloïse Airaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, ENVA, UVSQ, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Aurélie Dewaele
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, ENVA, UVSQ, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Cloé Pierson
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, ENVA, UVSQ, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Frank Giton
- AP-HP, Pôle biologie-Pathologie Henri Mondor, Créteil, France; INSERM IMRB U955, Créteil, France
| | - Laurent Boulanger
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, ENVA, UVSQ, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nathalie Daniel
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, ENVA, UVSQ, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Maëlle Pannetier
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, ENVA, UVSQ, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Eric Pailhoux
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, ENVA, UVSQ, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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8
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Lee JG, Kim G, Park SG, Yon JM, Yeom J, Song HE, Cheong SA, Lim JS, Sung YH, Kim K, Yoo HJ, Hong EJ, Nam KH, Seong JK, Kim CJ, Nam SY, Baek IJ. Lipid signatures reflect the function of the murine primary placentation. Biol Reprod 2021; 106:583-596. [PMID: 34850819 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta regulates maternal-fetal communication, and its defect leads to significant pregnancy complications. The maternal and embryonic circulations are primitively connected in early placentation, but the function of the placenta during this developmentally essential period is relatively unknown. We thus performed a comparative proteomic analysis of the placenta before and after primary placentation and found that the metabolism and transport of lipids were characteristically activated in this period. The placental fatty acid (FA) carriers in specific placental compartments were upregulated according to gestational age, and metabolomic analysis also showed that the placental transport of FAs increased in a time-dependent manner. Further analysis of two mutant mice models with embryonic lethality revealed that lipid-related signatures could reflect the functional state of the placenta. Our findings highlight the importance of the nutrient transport function of the primary placenta in the early gestational period and the role of lipids in embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Geol Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Globinna Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Gi Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Mouse Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongwon-Gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Yon
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Yeom
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Eun Song
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-A Cheong
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Seo Lim
- Clinical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Sung
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunggon Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Yoo
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Ju Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hoan Nam
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Mouse Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongwon-Gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Jai Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yoon Nam
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jeoung Baek
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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9
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Tang D, Feng X, Ling L, Zhang W, Luo Y, Wang Y, Xiong Z. Experimental study for the establishment of a chemotherapy-induced ovarian insufficiency model in rats by using cyclophosphamide combined with busulfan. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 122:104915. [PMID: 33705838 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.104915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
With an improvement in the survival rate of cancer patients, chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is increasingly affecting the quality of life of female patients. Currently, there are many relevant studies using mice as an animal model. However, a large coefficient of variation for weight in mice is not appropriate for endocrine-related studies, compared with rats; therefore, it is necessary to identify an appropriate experimental model in rats. In this study, cyclophosphamide combined with busulfan was used to establish an animal model. We compared several common modeling methods using chemotherapeutic drugs, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, and 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD), and we found that the combination of cyclophosphamide and busulfan was more effective in establishing a POI model in rats with few side effects by analyzing general physical conditions, pathological tissue sections of heart, liver, lung, spleen, kidney, uterus, and ovary, serum hormone levels, and follicle counts; thus, providing a more reliable model basis for subsequent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyuan Tang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing MedicalUniversity, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiushan Feng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing MedicalUniversity, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ling
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing MedicalUniversity, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing MedicalUniversity, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjing Luo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing MedicalUniversity, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing MedicalUniversity, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengai Xiong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing MedicalUniversity, Chongqing, 400010, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Oh SH, Lee HJ, Ahn MK, Jeon MY, Yoon JS, Jung YJ, Kim GN, Baek IJ, Kim I, Kim KM, Sung YH. Multiplex gene targeting in the mouse embryo using a Cas9-Cpf1 hybrid guide RNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 539:48-55. [PMID: 33421768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas systems, including Cas9 and Cpf1 (Cas12a), are promising tools for generating gene knockout mouse models. Unlike Cas9, Cpf1 can generate multiple crRNAs from a single concatemeric crRNA precursor, which is favorable for multiplex gene editing. Recently, a hybrid guide RNA (hgRNA) system employing both Cas9 and Cpf1 was developed for multiplex gene editing. As the crRNA of Cpf1 was linked to the 3' end of the sgRNA for Cas9, it can be split into separate guide RNAs by Cpf1. To examine whether this Cas9-Cpf1 hybrid system is suitable for multiplex gene knockouts in the mouse embryo, we generated an hgRNA that simultaneously targets the mouse Il10ra gene by Cas9 and mouse Dr3 (or Tnfrsf25, death receptor3) gene by Cpf1. The expression of hgRNA from a single promoter induced significant indels at each gene in cultured mouse cells upon the co-expression of both Cas9 and Cpf1. Interestingly, the hgRNA exhibited comparable Cas9-mediated indel activity without Cpf1 expression. Similarly, when the hgRNA was co-microinjected with both Cas9 and Cpf1 mRNAs into mouse zygotes at the pronuclear stage, founder mice were generated harboring mutations in both the Il10ra and Dr3 genes. However, when Cas9 mRNA was used alone without Cpf1 mRNA, the mouse Il10ra gene targeting was significantly decreased. These results indicate that the hgRNA system is a possible tool for multiplex gene targeting in the mouse embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seak Hee Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Hye-Jin Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi Kyoung Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi Yeon Jeon
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institutes for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Soo Yoon
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institutes for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ju Jung
- Department of Medical Science and Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Nam Kim
- Department of Medical Science and Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jeoung Baek
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institutes for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inki Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institutes for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Mo Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Hoon Sung
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Institutes for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Lundin A, Porritt MJ, Jaiswal H, Seeliger F, Johansson C, Bidar AW, Badertscher L, Wimberger S, Davies EJ, Hardaker E, Martins CP, James E, Admyre T, Taheri-Ghahfarokhi A, Bradley J, Schantz A, Alaeimahabadi B, Clausen M, Xu X, Mayr LM, Nitsch R, Bohlooly-Y M, Barry ST, Maresca M. Development of an ObLiGaRe Doxycycline Inducible Cas9 system for pre-clinical cancer drug discovery. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4903. [PMID: 32994412 PMCID: PMC7525522 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18548-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR-Cas9 system has increased the speed and precision of genetic editing in cells and animals. However, model generation for drug development is still expensive and time-consuming, demanding more target flexibility and faster turnaround times with high reproducibility. The generation of a tightly controlled ObLiGaRe doxycycline inducible SpCas9 (ODInCas9) transgene and its use in targeted ObLiGaRe results in functional integration into both human and mouse cells culminating in the generation of the ODInCas9 mouse. Genomic editing can be performed in cells of various tissue origins without any detectable gene editing in the absence of doxycycline. Somatic in vivo editing can model non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) adenocarcinomas, enabling treatment studies to validate the efficacy of candidate drugs. The ODInCas9 mouse allows robust and tunable genome editing granting flexibility, speed and uniformity at less cost, leading to high throughput and practical preclinical in vivo therapeutic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Lundin
- Translational Genomics, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michelle J Porritt
- Translational Genomics, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Himjyot Jaiswal
- Translational Genomics, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Cellink AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frank Seeliger
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Camilla Johansson
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Sweden Imaging Hub, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Abdel Wahad Bidar
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Sweden Imaging Hub, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lukas Badertscher
- Translational Genomics, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sandra Wimberger
- Translational Genomics, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emma J Davies
- Early Oncology TDE, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Li KaShing Centre, Cambridge, UK
- Healx, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elizabeth Hardaker
- Early Oncology TDE, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Li KaShing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carla P Martins
- Early Oncology TDE, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Li KaShing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emily James
- Early Oncology TDE, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Li KaShing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Therese Admyre
- Translational Genomics, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amir Taheri-Ghahfarokhi
- Translational Genomics, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jenna Bradley
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna Schantz
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Babak Alaeimahabadi
- Data Sciences and Quantitative Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maryam Clausen
- Translational Genomics, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xiufeng Xu
- Translational Genomics, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lorenz M Mayr
- Translational Genomics, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Roberto Nitsch
- Translational Genomics, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Bohlooly-Y
- Translational Genomics, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simon T Barry
- Early Oncology TDE, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Li KaShing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marcello Maresca
- Translational Genomics, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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12
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Poupet C, Chassard C, Nivoliez A, Bornes S. Caenorhabditis elegans, a Host to Investigate the Probiotic Properties of Beneficial Microorganisms. Front Nutr 2020; 7:135. [PMID: 33425969 PMCID: PMC7786404 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans, a non-parasitic nematode emerges as a relevant and powerful candidate as an in vivo model for microorganisms-microorganisms and microorganisms-host interactions studies. Experiments have demonstrated the probiotic potential of bacteria since they can provide to the worm a longer lifespan, an increased resistance to pathogens and to oxidative or heat stresses. Probiotics are used to prevent or treat microbiota dysbiosis and associated pathologies but the molecular mechanisms underlying their capacities are still unknown. Beyond safety and healthy aspects of probiotics, C. elegans represents a powerful way to design large-scale studies to explore transkingdom interactions and to solve questioning about the molecular aspect of these interactions. Future challenges and opportunities would be to validate C. elegans as an in vivo tool for high-throughput screening of microorganisms for their potential probiotic use on human health and to enlarge the panels of microorganisms studied as well as the human diseases investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Poupet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMRF, Aurillac, France
| | | | | | - Stéphanie Bornes
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMRF, Aurillac, France
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13
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CRISPR-mediated promoter de/methylation technologies for gene regulation. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:705-713. [PMID: 32725389 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation on cytosines of CpG dinucleotides is well established as a basis of epigenetic regulation in mammalian cells. Since aberrant regulation of DNA methylation in promoters of tumor suppressor genes or proto-oncogenes may contribute to the initiation and progression of various types of human cancer, sequence-specific methylation and demethylation technologies could have great clinical benefit. The CRISPR-Cas9 protein with a guide RNA can target DNA sequences regardless of the methylation status of the target site, making this system superb for precise methylation editing and gene regulation. Targeted methylation-editing technologies employing the dCas9 fusion proteins have been shown to be highly effective in gene regulation without altering the DNA sequence. In this review, we discuss epigenetic alterations in tumorigenesis as well as various dCas9 fusion technologies and their usages in site-specific methylation editing and gene regulation.
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14
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Abbehausen C. Zinc finger domains as therapeutic targets for metal-based compounds - an update. Metallomics 2020; 11:15-28. [PMID: 30303505 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00262b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Zinc finger proteins are one of the most abundant families of proteins and present a wide range of structures and functions. The structural zinc ion provides the correct conformation to specifically recognize DNA, RNA and protein sequences. Zinc fingers have essential functions in transcription, protein degradation, DNA repair, cell migration, and others. Recently, reports on the extensive participation of zinc fingers in disease have been published. On the other hand, much information remains to be unravelled as many genomes and proteomes are being reported. A variety of zinc fingers have been identified; however, their functions are still under investigation. Because zinc fingers have identified functions in several diseases, they are being increasingly recognized as drug targets. The replacement of Zn(ii) by another metal ion in zinc fingers is one of the most prominent methods of inhibition. From one side, zinc fingers play roles in the toxicity mechanisms of Ni(ii), Hg(ii), Cd(ii) and others. From the other side, gold, platinum, cobalt, and selenium complexes are amongst the compounds being developed as zinc finger inhibitors for therapy. The main challenge in the design of therapeutic zinc finger inhibitors is to achieve selectivity. Recently, the design of novel compounds and elucidation of the mechanisms of zinc substitution have renewed the possibilities of selective zinc finger inhibition by metal complexes. This review aims to update the status of novel strategies to selectively target zinc finger domains by metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Abbehausen
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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15
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Hardin-Pouzet H, Morosan S. [Mice, rats and men: how rodent models are still required to produce knowledge]. Med Sci (Paris) 2019; 35:479-482. [PMID: 31115332 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2019082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
La recherche biomédicale est considérée par nos sociétés comme une nécessité et les réflexions sur les moyens à mettre en œuvre pour la développer s’accordent sur le constat que : « à défaut de pouvoir expérimenter sur l’homme, l’expérimentation animale est indispensable » [1]. Celle-ci, pour être légitime, doit respecter la fameuse règle des 3R (Raffiner, Remplacer, Réduire) énoncée dès 1959 par Russell et Burch [2]. En effet, bien que permettant certaines approches moléculaires, expérimentales ou modélisées, les méthodes alternatives conservent un caractère réducteur et ne permettent pas d’appréhender l’ensemble d’un organisme au sein de son environnement. À ce jour, il reste donc encore indispensable d’utiliser des modèles animaux pour générer des connaissances valides en recherche fondamentale et appliquée. La recherche fait ainsi appel à une grande variété d’organismes-modèles, parmi lesquels les rongeurs (rats et souris) sont les plus utilisés : en France, en 2016, 59,6 % des animaux utilisés pour la recherche étaient des souris et 8,9 % étaient des rats [3]. Le propos de cet article est de montrer en quoi les rongeurs sont des modèles expérimentaux importants et de donner quelques exemples des connaissances nouvelles qu’ils ont apportés.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Hardin-Pouzet
- Sorbonne Université, UM 119, Inserm UMRS 1130, CNRS UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, 7, quai Saint-Bernard, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Serban Morosan
- Sorbonne Université, UMS 28, Inserm, Faculté de Médecine, F-75013 Paris, France
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16
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Lee JG, Ha CH, Yoon B, Cheong SA, Kim G, Lee DJ, Woo DC, Kim YH, Nam SY, Lee SW, Sung YH, Baek IJ. Knockout rat models mimicking human atherosclerosis created by Cpf1-mediated gene targeting. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2628. [PMID: 30796231 PMCID: PMC6385241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38732-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The rat is a time-honored traditional experimental model animal, but its use is limited due to the difficulty of genetic modification. Although engineered endonucleases enable us to manipulate the rat genome, it is not known whether the newly identified endonuclease Cpf1 system is applicable to rats. Here we report the first application of CRISPR-Cpf1 in rats and investigate whether Apoe knockout rat can be used as an atherosclerosis model. We generated Apoe- and/or Ldlr-deficient rats via CRISPR-Cpf1 system, characterized by high efficiency, successful germline transmission, multiple gene targeting capacity, and minimal off-target effect. The resulting Apoe knockout rats displayed hyperlipidemia and aortic lesions. In partially ligated carotid arteries of rats and mice fed with high-fat diet, in contrast to Apoe knockout mice showing atherosclerotic lesions, Apoe knockout rats showed only adventitial immune infiltrates comprising T lymphocytes and mainly macrophages with no plaque. In addition, adventitial macrophage progenitor cells (AMPCs) were more abundant in Apoe knockout rats than in mice. Our data suggest that the Cpf1 system can target single or multiple genes efficiently and specifically in rats with genetic heritability and that Apoe knockout rats may help understand initial-stage atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Geol Lee
- ConveRgence mEDIcine research cenTer (CREDIT), Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Ha
- Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohyun Yoon
- Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-A Cheong
- ConveRgence mEDIcine research cenTer (CREDIT), Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Globinna Kim
- ConveRgence mEDIcine research cenTer (CREDIT), Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Jae Lee
- Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Cheol Woo
- ConveRgence mEDIcine research cenTer (CREDIT), Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hak Kim
- Department of Cardiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yoon Nam
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Lee
- ConveRgence mEDIcine research cenTer (CREDIT), Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Hoon Sung
- ConveRgence mEDIcine research cenTer (CREDIT), Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Jeoung Baek
- ConveRgence mEDIcine research cenTer (CREDIT), Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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17
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De La Mata A, Tajada S, O'Dwyer S, Matsumoto C, Dixon RE, Hariharan N, Moreno CM, Santana LF. BIN1 Induces the Formation of T-Tubules and Adult-Like Ca 2+ Release Units in Developing Cardiomyocytes. Stem Cells 2018; 37:54-64. [PMID: 30353632 PMCID: PMC6312737 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) are at the center of new cell-based therapies for cardiac disease, but may also serve as a useful in vitro model for cardiac cell development. An intriguing feature of hESC-CMs is that although they express contractile proteins and have sarcomeres, they do not develop transverse-tubules (T-tubules) with adult-like Ca2+ release units (CRUs). We tested the hypothesis that expression of the protein BIN1 in hESC-CMs promotes T-tubules formation, facilitates CaV 1.2 channel clustering along the tubules, and results in the development of stable CRUs. Using electrophysiology, [Ca2+ ]i imaging, and super resolution microscopy, we found that BIN1 expression induced T-tubule development in hESC-CMs, while increasing differentiation toward a more ventricular-like phenotype. Voltage-gated CaV 1.2 channels clustered along the surface sarcolemma and T-tubules of hESC-CM. The length and width of the T-tubules as well as the expression and size of CaV 1.2 clusters grew, as BIN1 expression increased and cells matured. BIN1 expression increased CaV 1.2 channel activity and the probability of coupled gating within channel clusters. Interestingly, BIN1 clusters also served as sites for sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) anchoring and stabilization. Accordingly, BIN1-expressing cells had more CaV 1.2-ryanodine receptor junctions than control cells. This was associated with larger [Ca2+ ]i transients during excitation-contraction coupling. Our data support the view that BIN1 is a key regulator of T-tubule formation and CaV 1.2 channel delivery. By studying the role of BIN1 during the differentiation of hESC-CMs, we show that BIN1 is also important for CaV 1.2 channel clustering, junctional SR organization, and the establishment of excitation-contraction coupling. Stem Cells 2019;37:54-64.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana De La Mata
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sendoa Tajada
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Samantha O'Dwyer
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Collin Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Rose E Dixon
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Nirmala Hariharan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Claudia M Moreno
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Luis Fernando Santana
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, California, USA
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18
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Squires RA. Bacteriophage therapy for management of bacterial infections in veterinary practice: what was once old is new again. N Z Vet J 2018; 66:229-235. [PMID: 29925297 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2018.1491348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophages (or phages) are naturally-occurring viruses that can infect and kill bacteria. They are remarkably diverse, numerous and widespread. Each phage has a narrow host range yet a large majority of bacteria studied so far play host to bacteriophages, hence the remarkable phage diversity. Phages were discovered just over 100 years ago and they have been used for treatment of bacterial infections in humans and other animals since the 1920s. They have also been studied intensively and this has led to, and continues to lead to, major insights in the fields of molecular biology and recombinant DNA technology, including that DNA is the genetic material, nucleotides are arranged in triplets to make codons, and messenger RNA is needed for protein synthesis. This article begins with a description of bacteriophages and explains why there has recently been a strong resurgence of interest in their clinical use for treatment of bacterial infections, particularly those caused by organisms resistant to multiple antimicrobial compounds. The history of bacteriophage therapy is briefly reviewed, followed by a review and critique of promising but very limited clinical research on the use of bacteriophages to treat bacterial infections in dogs. Other potential veterinary uses and benefits of bacteriophage therapy are also briefly discussed. There are important practical challenges that will have to be overcome before widespread implementation and commercialisation of bacteriophage therapy can be achieved, which are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Squires
- a Discipline of Veterinary Science, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences , James Cook University , Townsville , Australia
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