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de Andrades D, Alnoch RC, Alves GS, Salgado JCS, Almeida PZ, Berto GL, Segato F, Ward RJ, Buckeridge MS, Polizeli MDLTM. Recombinant GH3 β-glucosidase stimulated by xylose and tolerant to furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural obtained from Aspergillus nidulans. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2024; 11:77. [PMID: 39073555 PMCID: PMC11286919 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-024-00784-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The β-glucosidase gene from Aspergillus nidulans FGSC A4 was cloned and overexpressed in the A. nidulans A773. The resulting purified β-glucosidase, named AnGH3, is a monomeric enzyme with a molecular weight of approximately 80 kDa, as confirmed by SDS-PAGE. Circular dichroism further validated its unique canonical barrel fold (β/α), a feature also observed in the 3D homology model of AnGH3. The most striking aspect of this recombinant enzyme is its robustness, as it retained 100% activity after 24 h of incubation at 45 and 50 ºC and pH 6.0. Even at 55 °C, it maintained 72% of its enzymatic activity after 6 h of incubation at the same pH. The kinetic parameters Vmax, KM, and Kcat/KM for ρ-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (ρNPG) and cellobiose were also determined. Using ρNPG, the enzyme demonstrated a Vmax of 212 U mg - 1, KM of 0.0607 mmol L - 1, and Kcat/KM of 4521 mmol L - 1 s - 1 when incubated at pH 6.0 and 65 °C. The KM, Vmax, and Kcat/KM using cellobiose were 2.7 mmol L - 1, 57 U mg - 1, and 27 mmol -1 s - 1, respectively. AnGH3 activity was significantly enhanced by xylose and ethanol at concentrations up to 1.5 mol L - 1 and 25%, respectively. Even in challenging conditions, at 65 °C and pH 6.0, the enzyme maintained its activity, retaining 100% and 70% of its initial activity in the presence of 200 mmol L - 1 furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), respectively. The potential of this enzyme was further demonstrated by its application in the saccharification of the forage grass Panicum maximum, where it led to a 48% increase in glucose release after 24 h. These unique characteristics, including high catalytic performance, good thermal stability in hydrolysis temperature, and tolerance to elevated concentrations of ethanol, D-xylose, furfural, and HMF, position this recombinant enzyme as a promising tool in the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass as part of an efficient multi-enzyme cocktail, thereby opening new avenues in the field of biotechnology and enzymology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diandra de Andrades
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Robson C Alnoch
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriela S Alves
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Molecular Biology of Microorganisms, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, 13083-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose C S Salgado
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Paula Z Almeida
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Leila Berto
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, 12602-810, Brazil
| | - Fernando Segato
- Department of Biotechnology, Lorena School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Lorena, 12602-810, Brazil
| | - Richard J Ward
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil
| | | | - Maria de Lourdes T M Polizeli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-901, Brazil.
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.
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Edema H, Bawin T, Olsen S, Krause K, Karppinen K. Parasitic dodder expresses an arsenal of secreted cellulases with multi-substrate specificity during host invasion. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108633. [PMID: 38663263 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Cuscuta campestris is a common and problematic parasitic plant which relies on haustoria to connect to and siphon nutrients from host plants. Glycoside hydrolase family 9 (GH9) cellulases (EC 3.2.1.4) play critical roles in plant cell wall biosynthesis and disassembly, but their roles during Cuscuta host invasion remains underexplored. In this study, we identified 22 full-length GH9 cellulase genes in C. campestris genome, which encoded fifteen secreted and seven membrane-anchored cellulases that showed distinct phylogenetic relationships. Expression profiles suggested that some of the genes are involved in biosynthesis and remodeling of the parasite's cell wall during haustoriogenesis, while other genes encoding secreted B- and C-type cellulases are tentatively associated with degrading host cell walls during invasion. Transcriptomic data in a host-free system and in the presence of susceptible or partially resistant tomato hosts, showed for especially GH9B7, GH9B11 and GH9B12 a shift in expression profiles in the presence of hosts, being more highly expressed during host attachment, indicating that Cuscuta can tune cellulase expression in response to a host. Functional analyses of recombinant B- and C-type cellulases showed endoglucanase activities over wide pH and temperature conditions, and activities towards multiple cellulose and hemicellulose substrates. These findings improve our understanding of host cell wall disassembly by Cuscuta, and cellulase activity towards broad substrate range potentially explain its wide host range. This is the first study to provide a broad biochemical insight into Cuscuta GH9 cellulases, which based on our study may have potential applications in industrial bioprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Edema
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, 9037, Norway; The Arctic Centre for Sustainable Energy, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, 9037, Norway.
| | - Thomas Bawin
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, 9037, Norway.
| | - Stian Olsen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, 9037, Norway.
| | - Kirsten Krause
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, 9037, Norway; The Arctic Centre for Sustainable Energy, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, 9037, Norway.
| | - Katja Karppinen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, 9037, Norway; The Arctic Centre for Sustainable Energy, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, 9037, Norway.
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3
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Liu S, Zhang M, Hong D, Fang Z, Xiao Y, Fang W, Zhang X. Improving the cellobiose hydrolysis activity of glucose-stimulating β-glucosidase Bgl2A. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 169:110289. [PMID: 37473697 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
β-Glucosidases with high catalytic activity and glucose tolerant properties possess promising applications in lignocellulose-based industries. To obtain enzymes possessing these properties, a semi-rational strategy was employed to engineer the glucose-stimulating β-glucosidase Bgl2A for high cellobiose hydrolysis activity. A total of 18 mutants were constructed. A22S, V224D, and A22S/V224D exhibited high specific activities of 272.06, 237.60, and 239.29 U/mg toward cellobiose, which were 2.5- to 2.8-fold of Bgl2A. A22S, V224D, and A22S/V224D exhibited increased kcat values, which were 2.7- to 3.1-fold of Bgl2A. A22S and V224D maintained glucose-stimulating property, whereas A22S/V224D lost it. Using 150 g/L cellobiose as the substrate, the amount of glucose produced by A22S was the highest, yielding 129.70 g/L glucose after 3 h reaction at 35 °C. The synergistic effects of the engineered enzymes with commercial cellulase on hydrolyzing cellulose were investigated. Supplemented with the commercial cellulase and A22S, the highest glucose amount of 23.30 g/L was yielded from cellulose with hydrolysis rate of 21.02 %. Given its high cellobiose hydrolysis activity and glucose-stimulating properties, A22S can be used as a component of enzyme cocktail to match mesophilic cellulases for efficient cellulose hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaifeng Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University; Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing; Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis; Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University; Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing; Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Dengwang Hong
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University; Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing; Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis; Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Zemin Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University; Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing; Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis; Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Yazhong Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University; Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing; Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis; Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Wei Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University; Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing; Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis; Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
| | - Xuecheng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University; Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing; Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis; Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
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Characterization of a New Glucose-Tolerant GH1 β-Glycosidase from Aspergillus fumigatus with Transglycosylation Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054489. [PMID: 36901919 PMCID: PMC10003650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Concern over environmental impacts has spurred many efforts to replace fossil fuels with biofuels such as ethanol. However, for this to be possible, it is necessary to invest in other production technologies, such as second generation (2G) ethanol, in order to raise the levels of this product and meet the growing demand. Currently, this type of production is not yet economically feasible, due to the high costs of the enzyme cocktails used in saccharification stage of lignocellulosic biomass. In order to optimize these cocktails, the search for enzymes with superior activities has been the goal of several research groups. For this end, we have characterized the new β-glycosidase AfBgl1.3 from A. fumigatus after expression and purification in Pichia pastoris X-33. Structural analysis by circular dichroism revealed that increasing temperature destructured the enzyme; the apparent Tm value was 48.5 °C. The percentages of α-helix (36.3%) and β-sheet (12.4%) secondary structures at 25 °C were predicted. Biochemical characterization suggested that the optimal conditions for AfBgl1.3 were pH 6.0 and temperature of 40 °C. At 30 and 40 °C, the enzyme was stable and retained about 90% and 50% of its activity, respectively, after pre-incubation for 24 h. In addition, the enzyme was highly stable at pH between 5 and 8, retaining over 65% of its activity after pre-incubation for 48 h. AfBgl1.3 co-stimulation with 50-250 mM glucose enhanced its specific activity by 1.4-fold and revealed its high tolerance to glucose (IC50 = 2042 mM). The enzyme was active toward the substrates salicin (495.0 ± 49.0 U mg-1), pNPG (340.5 ± 18.6 U mg-1), cellobiose (89.3 ± 5.1 U mg-1), and lactose (45.1 ± 0.5 U mg-1), so it had broad specificity. The Vmax values were 656.0 ± 17.5, 706.5 ± 23.8, and 132.6 ± 7.1 U mg-1 toward p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG), D-(-)-salicin, and cellobiose, respectively. AfBgl1.3 displayed transglycosylation activity, forming cellotriose from cellobiose. The addition of AfBgl1.3 as a supplement at 0.9 FPU/g of cocktail Celluclast® 1.5L increased carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) conversion to reducing sugars (g L-1) by about 26% after 12 h. Moreover, AfBgl1.3 acted synergistically with other Aspergillus fumigatus cellulases already characterized by our research group-CMC and sugarcane delignified bagasse were degraded, releasing more reducing sugars compared to the control. These results are important in the search for new cellulases and in the optimization of enzyme cocktails for saccharification.
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Characterization of a novel end product tolerant and thermostable cellulase from Neobacillus sedimentimangrovi UE25. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 162:110133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Zhai Z, Su J, Ali A, Xu L, Wahid F. Biological denitrification potential of cellulase-producing Cupriavidus sp. ZY7 and denitrifying Aquabacterium sp. XL4 at low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio: Performance and synergistic properties. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127600. [PMID: 35820558 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study emphasizes on the cellulase production characteristics of strain ZY7 and its collaboration with nitrate-dependent ferrous oxidizing (NFO) strain XL4 to achieve efficient denitrification at low carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio. Results indicated that the denitrification efficiency increased from 65.47 to 97.99% at 24 h after co-culture at C/N of 1.0. Three-dimensional fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) showed significant changes in the intensity of soluble microbial products (SMP), fulvic-like materials, and aromatic proteins after co-culture. Bio-precipitates were characterized by Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), which showed that cellulose structure was disrupted and the metabolites were potential carbon source for denitrification. In addition, cellulase activity suggested that the hydrolysis of β-1,4-glycosidic bonds and oligosaccharides may be the rate-limiting steps in cellulose degradation. This work promoted the understanding of denitrification characteristics of co-culture and expanded the application of cellulose degrading bacteria in sewage treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhai
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Junfeng Su
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Amjad Ali
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Fazli Wahid
- Department of Agriculture, The University of Swabi, Swabi 23561, Pakistan
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Lin Y, Peng X, Xia B, Zhang Z, Li C, Wu P, Lin L, Liao D. Investigation of toxicity attenuation mechanism of tetrahydroxy stilbene glucoside in Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. by Ganoderma lucidum. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114421. [PMID: 34271114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (PM) has attracted great interest, and tetrahydroxy stilbene glucoside (TSG) was the main idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity constituent, but biological detoxification on idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity of PM was not well investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to illustrate biological detoxification mechanism on PM-induced idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity by Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum). MATERIALS AND METHODS G. lucidum was used for biological detoxification of tetrahydroxy stilbene glucoside (TSG)-induced idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity of PM. The TSG consumption and products formation were dynamically determined during transformation using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array detection and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MSn). The transformation invertases (β-D-glucosidase and lignin peroxidase) were evaluated by using intracellular and extracellular distribution and activity assay. The key functions of lignin peroxidase (LiP) were studied by experiments of adding inhibitors and agonists. The entire TSG transformation process was confirmed in vitro simulated test. The cellular toxicity of TSG and the transformation products was detected by MTT. RESULTS A suitable biotransformation system of TSG was established with G. lucidum, then p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 2,3,5-trihydroxybenzaldehyde can be found as transformation products of TSG. The transformation mechanism involves two extracellular enzymes, β-D-glucosidase and LiP. β-D-glucosidase can remove glycosylation of TSG firstly and then LiP can break the double bond of remaining glycosides. The toxicity of TSG after biotransformation by G. lucidum was attenuated. CONCLUSIONS This study would reveal a novel biological detoxification method for PM and explain degradation processes of TSG by enzymic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No.300 Xueshi Road, Changsha, 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Peng
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No.300 Xueshi Road, Changsha, 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Bohou Xia
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No.300 Xueshi Road, Changsha, 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No.300 Xueshi Road, Changsha, 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Li
- China Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No.300 Xueshi Road, Changsha, 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Limei Lin
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No.300 Xueshi Road, Changsha, 410208, People's Republic of China.
| | - Duanfang Liao
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No.300 Xueshi Road, Changsha, 410208, People's Republic of China.
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Biorefinery Gets Hot: Thermophilic Enzymes and Microorganisms for Second-Generation Bioethanol Production. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9091583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To mitigate the current global energy and the environmental crisis, biofuels such as bioethanol have progressively gained attention from both scientific and industrial perspectives. However, at present, commercialized bioethanol is mainly derived from edible crops, thus raising serious concerns given its competition with feed production. For this reason, lignocellulosic biomasses (LCBs) have been recognized as important alternatives for bioethanol production. Because LCBs supply is sustainable, abundant, widespread, and cheap, LCBs-derived bioethanol currently represents one of the most viable solutions to meet the global demand for liquid fuel. However, the cost-effective conversion of LCBs into ethanol remains a challenge and its implementation has been hampered by several bottlenecks that must still be tackled. Among other factors related to the challenging and variable nature of LCBs, we highlight: (i) energy-demanding pretreatments, (ii) expensive hydrolytic enzyme blends, and (iii) the need for microorganisms that can ferment mixed sugars. In this regard, thermophiles represent valuable tools to overcome some of these limitations. Thus, the aim of this review is to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art technologies involved, such as the use of thermophilic enzymes and microorganisms in industrial-relevant conditions, and to propose possible means to implement thermophiles into second-generation ethanol biorefineries that are already in operation.
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Jiang Z, Long L, Liang M, Li H, Chen Y, Zheng M, Ni H, Li Q, Zhu Y. Characterization of a glucose-stimulated β-glucosidase from Microbulbifer sp. ALW1. Microbiol Res 2021; 251:126840. [PMID: 34375805 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-tolerant and/or glucose-stimulated β-glucosidase is of great interest for its industrial utilization in enzymatic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass for biofuel production. In this study, a new gene of β-glucosidase MaGlu1A was cloned from an alginate-degrading marine bacterium Microbulbifer sp. ALW1. The gene of MaGlu1A encoded a 472-amino acid protein classified into the glycosyl hydrolase family 1 (GH1). The recombinant β-glucosidase was overexpressed and purified from Escherichia coli with a molecular mass of 65.0 kDa. Structure analysis illustrated the catalytic acid/base residue Glu186 and nucleophilic residue Glu370 in the enzyme. MaGlu1A displayed optimal activity at 40 °C and pH 4.5, respectively. It had substrate preference to the aryl-β-glycosidic bonds with glucose, fucose, and galactose moieties, in addition to cellobiose. MaGlu1A demonstrated strong stimulation to the supplemental glucose. Site-directed mutagenesis suggested an essential role of Asn242 in glucose stimulation. The enzymatic characterization of MaGlu1A provides general information about its catalytic properties facilitating its practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zedong Jiang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, 361021, China; Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Liufei Long
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Meifang Liang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Hebin Li
- Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, 361008, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, 361021, China; Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Mingjing Zheng
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, 361021, China; Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Hui Ni
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, 361021, China; Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Qingbiao Li
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, 361021, China; Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yanbing Zhu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, 361021, China; Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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Ratuchne A, Knob A. A new and unusual β-glucosidase from Aspergillus fumigatus: Catalytic activity at high temperatures and glucose tolerance. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Oliveira Monteiro LM, Vici AC, Messias JM, Heinen PR, Pinheiro VE, Vargas Rechia CG, Buckeridge MS, Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli MDL. Increased Malbranchea pulchella β-glucosidase production and its application in agroindustrial residue hydrolysis: A research based on experimental designs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 30:e00618. [PMID: 33981591 PMCID: PMC8081928 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
β-Glucosidases are a limiting factor for the biomass saccharification. β-Glucosidase was produced from thermophilic fungus Malbranchea pulchella. Enzyme production was optimized using composite central designs and response surface. Optimal production was obtained with 0.6 % cellobiose plus 4.0 % sugarcane bagasse (SCB). Application of Mixture Design with SCB, soybean hull and barley bagasse were tested.
β-Glucosidases are a limiting factor in the conversion of cellulose to glucose for the subsequent ethanol production. Here, β-glucosidase production by Malbranchea pulchella was optimized using Composite Central Designs and Response Surface Methodologies from a medium designed. The coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.9960, F-value was very high, and the lack of fit was found to be non-significant. This indicates a statistic valid and predictive result. M. pulchella enzymatic extract was successfully tested as an enzymatic cocktail in a mixture design using sugarcane bagasse, soybean hull and barley bagasse. We proved that the optimization of the β-glucosidase production and the application in hydrolysis using unexpansive biomass and agricultural wastes can be accomplished by means of statistical methodologies. The strategy presented here can be useful for the improvement of enzyme production and the hydrolysis process, arising as an alternative for bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lummy Maria Oliveira Monteiro
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Bandeirantes Av., 3.900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Vici
- Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Bandeirantes Av., 3.900, 14040-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Josana Maria Messias
- Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Bandeirantes Av., 3.900, 14040-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Heinen
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Bandeirantes Av., 3.900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Elisa Pinheiro
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Bandeirantes Av., 3.900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carem Gledes Vargas Rechia
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Bandeirantes Av., 3.900, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos S Buckeridge
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Matão Street, 277, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria de Lourdes Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Bandeirantes Av., 3.900, 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Bandeirantes Av., 3.900, 14040-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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12
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Unconventional β-Glucosidases: A Promising Biocatalyst for Industrial Biotechnology. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:2993-3016. [PMID: 33871765 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03568-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
β-Glucosidases primarily catalyze removal of terminal glucosyl residues from a variety of glucoconjugates and also perform transglycosylation and reverse hydrolysis. These catalytic properties can be readily exploited for degradation of lignocellulosic biomass as well as for pharmaceutical, food and flavor industries. β-Glucosidases have been either isolated in the native form from the producer organism or recombinantly expressed and gaged for their biochemical properties and substrate specificities. Although almond and Aspergillus niger have been instantly recognizable sources of β-glucosidases utilized for various applications, an intricate pool of novel β-glucosidases from different sources can provide their potent replacements. Moreover, one can envisage the better efficacy of these novel candidates in biofuel and biorefinery industries facilitating efficient degradation of biomass. This article reviews properties of the novel β-glucosidases such as glucose tolerance and activation, substrate specificity, and thermostability which can be useful for their applications in lignocellulose degradation, food industry, and pharmaceutical industry in comparison with the β-glucosidases from the conventional sources. Such β-glucosidases have potential for encouraging white biotechnology.
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Jiang Z, Meng Q, Niu Q, Wang S, Yan H, Li Q. Understanding the key regulatory functions of red mud in cellulose breakdown and succession of β-glucosidase microbial community during composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 318:124265. [PMID: 33099095 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to explore the effects of red mud on cellulose degradation and the succession of β-glucosidase microbial community in composting to better enhance the quality of compost. The activity of β-glucosidase in the treatment group with red mud (T) was 0.42-1.07 times higher than that in the control group without red mud (CK) from day 7 to 21 of composting. The final cellulose degradation ratios of the T (84.73%) were 10.02% higher than that of the CK (74.71%). In addition, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Ascomycota were the most dominant β-glucosidase-producing microbes, and these microbes were also the phyla causing composting performances differences in the high temperature, cooling, and maturity periods of CK and T. These results indicated that adding red mud can improve β-glucosidase activity and boost the breakdown of cellulose in composting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Qingran Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Qiuqi Niu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Susu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Hailong Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Qunliang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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14
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Ge M, Zhou H, Shen Y, Meng H, Li R, Zhou J, Cheng H, Zhang X, Ding J, Wang J, Wang J. Effect of aeration rates on enzymatic activity and bacterial community succession during cattle manure composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 304:122928. [PMID: 32106020 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to explore changes in microbial enzyme activity and bacterial community, a 60-day composting experiment was conducted using cattle manure and straw under aeration rates of 0.45, 0.68, and 0.90 L min-1 kg-1 fresh weight. High aeration rate increased the cellulase, urease, alkaline and acid phosphatase activities, but decreased that of invertase and catalase. Cellulase, alkaline phosphatase and catalase were the main enzymes that affected the composting process. Microbial analysis showed that high aeration rate increased the uniformity of bacterial community in thermophilic phase, but decreased that in mature phase. Different aeration rate affected the bacterial community structure and further influenced the relationship between enzyme and functional bacteria. Regulating the temperature, moisture content and EC in specific phases to affect bacterial community succession could provide guidance for improving maturity of composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mianshen Ge
- Academy of Agricultural Engineering Planning and Design, No. 41, Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, China; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing TECH University, Nanjing 211816, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Haibin Zhou
- Academy of Agricultural Engineering Planning and Design, No. 41, Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Yujun Shen
- Academy of Agricultural Engineering Planning and Design, No. 41, Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Haibo Meng
- Academy of Agricultural Engineering Planning and Design, No. 41, Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China.
| | - Ran Li
- Academy of Agricultural Engineering Planning and Design, No. 41, Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing TECH University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hongsheng Cheng
- Academy of Agricultural Engineering Planning and Design, No. 41, Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Academy of Agricultural Engineering Planning and Design, No. 41, Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Jingtao Ding
- Academy of Agricultural Engineering Planning and Design, No. 41, Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Academy of Agricultural Engineering Planning and Design, No. 41, Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Jiarui Wang
- Academy of Agricultural Engineering Planning and Design, No. 41, Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, China; Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China
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15
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Deng P, Meng C, Wu Y, Xu J, Tang X, Zhang X, Xiao Y, Wang X, Fang Z, Fang W. An unusual GH1 β-glucosidase from marine sediment with β-galactosidase and transglycosidation activities for superior galacto-oligosaccharide synthesis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4927-4943. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10578-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Zhang X, Ma B, Liu J, Chen X, Li S, Su E, Gao L, Li H. β-Glucosidase genes differentially expressed during composting. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:174. [PMID: 33088344 PMCID: PMC7570026 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-01813-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellulose degradation by cellulase is brought about by complex communities of interacting microorganisms, which significantly contribute to the cycling of carbon on a global scale. β-Glucosidase (BGL) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the cellulose degradation process. Thus, analyzing the expression of genes involved in cellulose degradation and regulation of BGL gene expression during composting will improve the understanding of the cellulose degradation mechanism. Based on our previous research, we hypothesized that BGL-producing microbial communities differentially regulate the expression of glucose-tolerant BGL and non-glucose-tolerant BGL to adapt to the changes in cellulose degradation conditions. RESULTS To confirm this hypothesis, the structure and function of functional microbial communities involved in cellulose degradation were investigated by metatranscriptomics and a DNA library search of the GH1 family of BGLs involved in natural and inoculated composting. Under normal conditions, the group of non-glucose-tolerant BGL genes exhibited higher sensitivity to regulation than the glucose-tolerant BGL genes, which was suppressed during the composting process. Compared with the expression of endoglucanase and exoglucanase, the functional microbial communities exhibited a different transcriptional regulation of BGL genes during the cooling phase of natural composting. BGL-producing microbial communities upregulated the expression of glucose-tolerant BGL under carbon catabolite repression due to the increased glucose concentration, whereas the expression of non-glucose-tolerant BGL was suppressed. CONCLUSION Our results support the hypothesis that the functional microbial communities use multiple strategies of varying effectiveness to regulate the expression of BGL genes to facilitate adaptation to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Bo Ma
- School of Animal Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
- Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Jiawen Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Xiehui Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Shanshan Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Erlie Su
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Liyuan Gao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Hongtao Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
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17
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Sinha SK, Prakash Reddy K, Datta S. Understanding the glucose tolerance of an archaeon β-glucosidase from Thermococcus sp. Carbohydr Res 2019; 486:107835. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.107835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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18
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Yang Z, Liao Y, Fu X, Zaporski J, Peters S, Jamison M, Liu Y, Wullschleger SD, Graham DE, Gu B. Temperature sensitivity of mineral-enzyme interactions on the hydrolysis of cellobiose and indican by β-glucosidase. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 686:1194-1201. [PMID: 31412515 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular enzymes are mainly responsible for depolymerizing soil organic matter (SOM) in terrestrial ecosystems, and soil minerals are known to affect enzyme activity. However, the mechanisms and the effects of mineral-enzyme interactions on enzymatic degradation of organic matter remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined the adsorption of fungal β-glucosidase enzyme on minerals and time-dependent changes of enzymatic reactivity, measured by the degradation of two organic substrates (i.e., cellobiose and indican) under both cold (4 °C) and warm (20 and 30 °C) conditions. Hematite, kaolinite, and montmorillonite were used, to represent three common soil minerals with distinctly different surface charges and characteristics. β-glucosidase was found to sorb more strongly onto hematite and kaolinite than montmorillonite. All three minerals inhibited enzyme degradation of cellobiose and indican, likely due to the inactivation or hindrance of enzyme active sites. The mineral-bound β-glucosidase retained its specificity for organic substrate degradation, and increasing temperature from 4 to 30 °C enhanced the degradation rates by 2-4 fold for indican and 5-9 fold for cellobiose. These results indicate that enzyme adsorption, mineral type, temperature, and organic substrate specificity are important factors influencing enzymatic reactivity and thus have important implications in further understanding and modeling complex enzyme-facilitated SOM transformations in terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA; Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
| | - Yiju Liao
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Xuan Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Jared Zaporski
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Stephanie Peters
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Megan Jamison
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
| | - Yurong Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Stan D Wullschleger
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - David E Graham
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Baohua Gu
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
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19
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Liu X, Cao L, Zeng J, Liu Y, Xie W. Improving the cellobiose-hydrolysis activity and glucose-tolerance of a thermostable β-glucosidase through rational design. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 136:1052-1059. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Carli S, Carneiro LABDC, Ward RJ, Meleiro LP. Immobilization of a β-glucosidase and an endoglucanase in ferromagnetic nanoparticles: A study of synergistic effects. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 160:28-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Konar S, Sinha SK, Datta S, Ghorai PK. Probing the Effect of Glucose on the Activity and Stability of β-Glucosidase: An All-Atom Molecular Dynamics Simulation Investigation. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:11189-11196. [PMID: 31460219 PMCID: PMC6648728 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
β-Glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) plays an essential role in the removal of glycosyl residues from disaccharide cellobiose to produce glucose during the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. Although there exist a few β-glucosidase that are tolerant to large concentrations of glucose, these enzymes are typically prone to glucose inhibition. Understanding the basis of this inhibition is important for the production of cheaper biofuels from lignocellulose. In this study, all-atom molecular dynamics simulation at different temperatures and glucose concentrations was used to understand the molecular basis of glucose inhibition of GH1 β-glucosidase (B8CYA8) from Halothermothrix orenii. Our results show that glucose induces a broadening of the active site tunnel through residues lining the tunnel and facilitates the accumulation of glucose. In particular, we observed that glucose accumulates at the tunnel entrance and near the catalytic sites to block substrate accessibility and inhibit enzyme activity. The reduction of enzyme activity was also confirmed experimentally through specific activity measurements in the presence of 0-2.5 M glucose. We also show that the increase in glucose concentrations leads to a decrease in the number of water molecules inside the tunnel to affect substrate hydrolysis. Overall, the results help in understanding the role of residues along the active site tunnel for the engineering of glucose-tolerant β-glucosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Konar
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Protein Engineering Laboratory, Department
of Biological Sciences, Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, and Centre for Climate
Change and Environmental Sciences, Indian
Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Sushant K. Sinha
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Protein Engineering Laboratory, Department
of Biological Sciences, Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, and Centre for Climate
Change and Environmental Sciences, Indian
Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Supratim Datta
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Protein Engineering Laboratory, Department
of Biological Sciences, Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, and Centre for Climate
Change and Environmental Sciences, Indian
Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
- E-mail: (S.D.)
| | - Pradip Kr. Ghorai
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Protein Engineering Laboratory, Department
of Biological Sciences, Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, and Centre for Climate
Change and Environmental Sciences, Indian
Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
- E-mail: (P.K.G.)
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Srivastava N, Rathour R, Jha S, Pandey K, Srivastava M, Thakur VK, Sengar RS, Gupta VK, Mazumder PB, Khan AF, Mishra PK. Microbial Beta Glucosidase Enzymes: Recent Advances in Biomass Conversation for Biofuels Application. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E220. [PMID: 31174354 PMCID: PMC6627771 DOI: 10.3390/biom9060220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The biomass to biofuels production process is green, sustainable, and an advanced technique to resolve the current environmental issues generated from fossil fuels. The production of biofuels from biomass is an enzyme mediated process, wherein β-glucosidase (BGL) enzymes play a key role in biomass hydrolysis by producing monomeric sugars from cellulose-based oligosaccharides. However, the production and availability of these enzymes realize their major role to increase the overall production cost of biomass to biofuels production technology. Therefore, the present review is focused on evaluating the production and efficiency of β-glucosidase enzymes in the bioconversion of cellulosic biomass for biofuel production at an industrial scale, providing its mechanism and classification. The application of BGL enzymes in the biomass conversion process has been discussed along with the recent developments and existing issues. Moreover, the production and development of microbial BGL enzymes have been explained in detail, along with the recent advancements made in the field. Finally, current hurdles and future suggestions have been provided for the future developments. This review is likely to set a benchmark in the area of cost effective BGL enzyme production, specifically in the biorefinery area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Rishabh Rathour
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India.
| | - Sonam Jha
- Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Karan Pandey
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Manish Srivastava
- Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Enhanced Composites and Structures Center, School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK.
| | - Rakesh Singh Sengar
- Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut 250110, U.P., India.
| | - Vijai K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, ERA Chair of Green Chemistry, Tallinn University of Technology, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia.
| | | | - Ahamad Faiz Khan
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India.
| | - Pradeep Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India.
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Insect gut as a bioresource for potential enzymes - an unexploited area for industrial biotechnology. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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24
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An Insight into Fungal Cellulases and Their Industrial Applications. Fungal Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-14726-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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25
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Cao L, Li S, Huang X, Qin Z, Kong W, Xie W, Liu Y. Enhancing the Thermostability of Highly Active and Glucose-Tolerant β-Glucosidase Ks5A7 by Directed Evolution for Good Performance of Three Properties. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:13228-13235. [PMID: 30488698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A high-performance β-glucosidase for efficient cellulose hydrolysis needs to excel in thermostability, catalytic efficiency, and resistance to glucose inhibition. However, it is challenging to achieve superb properties in all three aspects in a single enzyme. In this study, a hyperactive and glucose-tolerant β-glucosidase Ks5A7 was employed as the starting point. Four rounds of random mutagenesis were then performed, giving rise to a thermostable mutant 4R1 with five amino acid substitutions. The half-life of 4R1 at 50 °C is 8640-fold that of Ks5A7 (144 h vs 1 min). Meanwhile, 4R1 had a higher specific activity (374.26 vs 243.18 units·mg-1) than the wild type with a similar glucose tolerance. When supplemented to Celluclast 1.5L, the mutant significantly enhanced the hydrolysis of pretreated sugar cane bagasse, improving the released glucose concentration by 44%. With excellent performance in thermostability, activity, and glucose tolerance, 4R1 will serve as an exceptional catalyst for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichuang Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, National Engineering Center for Marine Biotechnology of South China Sea , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shuifeng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, National Engineering Center for Marine Biotechnology of South China Sea , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, National Engineering Center for Marine Biotechnology of South China Sea , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zongmin Qin
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, National Engineering Center for Marine Biotechnology of South China Sea , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Kong
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, National Engineering Center for Marine Biotechnology of South China Sea , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xie
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, National Engineering Center for Marine Biotechnology of South China Sea , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , People's Republic of China
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Salgado JCS, Meleiro LP, Carli S, Ward RJ. Glucose tolerant and glucose stimulated β-glucosidases - A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 267:704-713. [PMID: 30093225 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.07.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The β-glucosidases (β-D-glucoside glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.21) hydrolyze glycosidic bonds of alkyl-, amino-, or aryl-β-D-glucosides, cyanogenic glucosides, disaccharides and short oligosaccharides and can also catalyze the synthesis of glycosyl-bonds between different molecules via transglycosylation. Due to their ubiquitous phylogenetic distribution, substrate diversity and ability to both hydrolyze and synthesize glycosidic bonds, the catalysis and regulation of β-glucosidases have been extensively studied. Many β-glucosidases are inhibited by the reaction product glucose, and reduced catalytic activity may limit the biotechnological and industrial applications of these enzymes and this has stimulated the search for β-glucosidases that maintain their activity at high glucose concentrations. Studies of many glucose tolerant enzymes have been reported and due to the ongoing interest in these enzymes, here it has been reviewed this accumulated body of knowledge which provides valuable insights as to the kinetics, structure, regulation and evolution of glucose tolerant and glucose stimulated β-glucosidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Santos Salgado
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana Parras Meleiro
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Sibeli Carli
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Richard John Ward
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Nishida VS, de Oliveira RF, Brugnari T, Correa RCG, Peralta RA, Castoldi R, de Souza CG, Bracht A, Peralta RM. Immobilization of Aspergillus awamori β-glucosidase on commercial gelatin: An inexpensive and efficient process. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:1206-1213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Characterization of cold adapted and ethanol tolerant β-glucosidase from Bacillus cellulosilyticus and its application for directed hydrolysis of cellobiose to ethanol. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 109:872-879. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Meleiro LP, Salgado JCS, Maldonado RF, Carli S, Moraes LAB, Ward RJ, Jorge JA, Furriel RPM. Engineering the GH1 β-glucosidase from Humicola insolens: Insights on the stimulation of activity by glucose and xylose. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188254. [PMID: 29145480 PMCID: PMC5690678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of the GH1 β-glucosidase from Humicola insolens (Bglhi) against p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (pNP-Glc) and cellobiose is enhanced 2-fold by glucose and/or xylose. Kinetic and transglycosylation data showed that hydrolysis is preferred in the absence of monosaccharides. Stimulation involves allosteric interactions, increased transglycosylation and competition of the substrate and monosaccharides for the -1 glycone and the +1/+2 aglycone binding sites. Protein directed evolution has been used to generate 6 mutants of Bglhi with altered stimulation patterns. All mutants contain one of three substitutions (N235S, D237V or H307Y) clustered around the +1/+2 aglycone binding sites. Two mutants with the H307Y substitution preferentially followed the transglycosylation route in the absence of xylose or glucose. The strong stimulation of their pNP-glucosidase and cellobiase activities was accompanied by increased transglycosylation and higher monosaccharide tolerance. The D237V mutation favoured hydrolysis over transglycosylation and the pNP-glucosidase activity, but not the cellobiase activity, was stimulated by xylose. The substitution N235S abolished the preference for hydrolysis or transglycosylation; the cellobiase, but not the pNP-glucosidase activity of the mutants was strongly inhibited by xylose. Both the D237V and N235S mutations lowered tolerance to the monosaccharides. These results provide evidence that the fine modulation of the activity of Bglhi and mutants by glucose and/or xylose is regulated by the relative affinities of the glycone and aglycone binding sites for the substrate and the free monosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Parras Meleiro
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
- * E-mail:
| | - José Carlos Santos Salgado
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Raquel Fonseca Maldonado
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Sibeli Carli
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Luiz Alberto Beraldo Moraes
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Richard John Ward
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - João Atílio Jorge
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Rosa Prazeres Melo Furriel
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
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Tiwari R, Singh PK, Singh S, Nain PKS, Nain L, Shukla P. Bioprospecting of novel thermostable β-glucosidase from Bacillus subtilis RA10 and its application in biomass hydrolysis. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:246. [PMID: 29093750 PMCID: PMC5663093 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0932-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saccharification is the most crucial and cost-intensive process in second generation biofuel production. The deficiency of β-glucosidase in commercial enzyme leads to incomplete biomass hydrolysis. The decomposition of biomass at high temperature environments leads us to isolate thermotolerant microbes with β-glucosidase production potential. RESULTS A total of 11 isolates were obtained from compost and cow dung samples that were able to grow at 50 °C. On the basis of qualitative and quantitative estimation of β-glucosidase enzyme production, Bacillus subtilis RA10 was selected for further studies. The medium components and growth conditions were optimized and β-glucosidase enzyme production was enhanced up to 19.8-fold. The β-glucosidase from B. subtilis RA10 retained 78% of activity at 80 °C temperature and 68.32% of enzyme activity was stable even at 50 °C after 48 h of incubation. The supplementation of β-glucosidase from B. subtilis RA10 into commercial cellulase enzyme resulted in 1.34-fold higher glucose release. Furthermore, β-glucosidase was also functionally elucidated by cloning and overexpression of full length GH1 family β-glucosidase gene from B. subtilis RA10. The purified protein was characterized as thermostable β-glucosidase enzyme. CONCLUSIONS The thermostable β-glucosidase enzyme from B. subtilis RA10 would facilitate efficient saccharification of cellulosic biomass into fermentable sugar. Consequently, after saccharification, thermostable β-glucosidase enzyme would be recovered and reused to reduce the cost of overall bioethanol production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rameshwar Tiwari
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
- Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110 016 India
| | - Puneet Kumar Singh
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Surender Singh
- Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Pawan K. S. Nain
- Design and Mechatronic Division, School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Galgotias University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201312 India
| | - Lata Nain
- Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
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Liu Y, Li R, Wang J, Zhang X, Jia R, Gao Y, Peng H. Increased enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse by a novel glucose- and xylose-stimulated β-glucosidase from Anoxybacillus flavithermus subsp. yunnanensis E13 T. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 18:4. [PMID: 28302049 PMCID: PMC5356265 DOI: 10.1186/s12858-017-0079-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background β-Glucosidase is claimed as a key enzyme in cellulose hydrolysis. The cellulosic fibers are usually entrapped with hemicelluloses containing xylose. So there is ongoing interest in searching for glucose- and xylose-stimulated β-glucosidases to increase the efficiency of hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass. Results A thermostable β-glucosidase gene (Bglp) was cloned from Anoxybacillus flavithermus subsp. yunnanensis E13T and characterized. Optimal enzyme activity was observed at 60 °C and pH 7.0. Bglp was relatively stable at 60 °C with a 10-h half-life. The kinetic parameters Vmax and Km for p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) were 771 ± 39 μmol/min/mg and 0.29 ± 0.01 mM, respectively. The activity of Bglp is dramatically stimulated by glucose or xylose at concentrations up to 1.4 M. After Bglp was added to Celluclast® 1.5 L, the conversion of sugarcane bagasse was 48.4 ± 0.8%, which was much higher than of Celluclast® 1.5 L alone. Furthermore, Bglp showed obvious advantages in the hydrolysis when initial concentrations of glucose and xylose are high. Conclusions The supplementation of BglP significantly enhanced the glucose yield from sugarcane bagasse, especially in the presence of high concentrations of glucose or xylose. Bglp should be a promising candidate for industrial applications. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12858-017-0079-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis. School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,College of Biological and Food Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, Anhui, China
| | - Rui Li
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis. School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis. School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis. School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Rong Jia
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis. School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis. School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Microorganisms and Biocatalysis. School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Kuusk S, Väljamäe P. When substrate inhibits and inhibitor activates: implications of β-glucosidases. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:7. [PMID: 28053666 PMCID: PMC5209912 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0690-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-glucosidases (BGs) catalyze the hydrolysis of β-glycosidic bonds in glucose derivatives. They constitute an important group of enzymes with biotechnological interest like supporting cellulases in degradation of lignocellulose to fermentable sugars. In the latter context, the glucose tolerant BGs are of particular interest. These BGs often show peculiar kinetics, including inhibitory effects of substrates and activating effects of inhibitors, such as glucose or xylose. The mechanisms behind the activating/inhibiting effects are poorly understood. The nonproductive binding of substrate is expected in cases where enzymes with multiple consecutive binding subsites are studied on substrates with a low degree of polymerization. The effects of inhibitors to BGs exerting nonproductive binding of substrate have not been discussed in the literature before. RESULTS Here, we performed analyses of different reaction schemes using the catalysis by retaining BGs as a model. We found that simple competition of inhibitor with nonproductive binding of substrate can account for the activation of enzyme by inhibitor without involving any allosteric effects. The transglycosylation to inhibitor was also able to explain the activating effect of inhibitor. For both mechanisms, the activation was caused by the increase of kcat with increasing inhibitor concentration, while kcat/Km always decreased. Therefore, the activation by inhibitor was more pronounced at high substrate concentrations. The possible contribution of the two mechanisms in the activation by inhibitor was dependent on the rate-limiting step of glycosidic bond hydrolysis as well as on whether and which glucose-unit-binding subsites are interacting. CONCLUSION Knowledge on the mechanisms of the activating/inhibiting effects of inhibitors helps the rational engineering and selection of BGs for biotechnological applications. Provided that the catalysis is consistent with the reaction schemes addressed here and underlying assumptions, the mechanism of activation by inhibitor reported here is applicable for all enzymes exerting nonproductive binding of substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silja Kuusk
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23b – 202, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Priit Väljamäe
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23b – 202, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
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Teixeira da Silva VDC, de Souza Coto AL, de Carvalho Souza R, Bertoldi Sanchez Neves M, Gomes E, Bonilla-Rodriguez GO. Effect of pH, Temperature, and Chemicals on the Endoglucanases and β-Glucosidases from the Thermophilic Fungus Myceliophthora heterothallica F.2.1.4. Obtained by Solid-State and Submerged Cultivation. Biochem Res Int 2016; 2016:9781216. [PMID: 27242927 PMCID: PMC4875970 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9781216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This work reports endoglucanase and beta-glucosidase production by the thermophilic fungus Myceliophthora heterothallica in solid-state (SSC) and submerged (SmC) cultivation. Wheat bran and sugarcane bagasse were used for SSC and cardboard for SmC. Highest endoglucanase production in SSC occurred after 192 hours: 1,170.6 ± 0.8 U/g, and in SmC after 168 hours: 2,642 ± 561 U/g. The endoglucanases and beta-glucosidases produced by both cultivation systems showed slight differences concerning their optimal pH and temperature. The number of endoglucanases was also different: six isoforms in SSC and ten in SmC. Endoglucanase activity remained above 50% after incubation between pH 3.0 and 9.0 for 24 h for both cultivation systems. The effect of several chemicals displayed variation between SSC and SmC isoenzymes. Manganese activated the enzymes from SmC but inhibited those from SSC. For β-glucosidases, maximum production on SmC was 244 ± 48 U/g after 168 hours using cardboard as carbon source. In SSC maximum production reached 10.9 ± 0.3 U/g after 240 h with 1 : 1 wheat bran and sugarcane bagasse. Manganese exerted a significant activation on SSC β-glucosidases, and glucose inhibited the enzymes from both cultivation systems. FeCl3 exerted the strongest inhibition for endoglucanases and β-glucosidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa de Cássia Teixeira da Silva
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas, Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rua Cristovão Colombo 2265, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Lais de Souza Coto
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas, Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rua Cristovão Colombo 2265, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael de Carvalho Souza
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas, Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rua Cristovão Colombo 2265, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcello Bertoldi Sanchez Neves
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas, Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rua Cristovão Colombo 2265, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eleni Gomes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia Aplicadas, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rua Cristovão Colombo 2265, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Orlando Bonilla-Rodriguez
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas, Departamento de Química e Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Rua Cristovão Colombo 2265, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
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Guo B, Amano Y, Nozaki K. Improvements in Glucose Sensitivity and Stability of Trichoderma reesei β-Glucosidase Using Site-Directed Mutagenesis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147301. [PMID: 26790148 PMCID: PMC4720395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose sensitivity and pH and thermal stabilities of Trichoderma reesei Cel1A (Bgl II) were improved by site-directed mutagenesis of only two amino acid residues (L167W or P172L) at the entrance of the active site. The Cel1A mutant showed high glucose tolerance (50% of inhibitory concentration = 650 mM), glucose stimulation (2.0 fold at 50 mM glucose), and enhanced specific activity (2.4-fold) compared with those of the wild-type Cel1A. Furthermore, the mutant enzyme showed stability at a wide pH range of 4.5–9.0 and possessed high thermal stability up to 50°C with 80% of the residual activities compared with the stability seen at the pH range of 6.5–7.0 and temperatures of up to 40°C in the wild-type Cel1A. Kinetic studies for hydrolysis revealed that the Cel1A mutant was competitively inhibited by glucose at similar levels as the wild-type enzyme. Additionally, the mutant enzyme exhibited substrate inhibition, which gradually disappeared with an increasing glucose concentration. These data suggest that the glucose stimulation was caused by relieve the substrate inhibition in the presence of glucose. To conclude, all the properties improved by the mutagenesis would be great advantages in degradation of cellulosic biomass together with cellulases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Guo
- Department of Bioscience and Textile Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Amano
- Department of Bioscience and Textile Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kouichi Nozaki
- Department of Bioscience and Textile Technology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
- * E-mail:
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A Neurospora crassa ÿ-glucosidase with potential for lignocellulose hydrolysis shows strong glucose tolerance and stimulation by glucose and xylose. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Tiwari R, Pranaw K, Singh S, Nain PKS, Shukla P, Nain L. Two-step statistical optimization for cold active β-glucosidase production from Pseudomonas lutea BG8 and its application for improving saccharification of paddy straw. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2015. [PMID: 26202604 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
β-Glucosidase is an essential part of cellulase enzyme system for efficient and complete hydrolysis of biomass. Psychrotolerant Pseudomonas lutea BG8 produced β-glucosidase with lower temperature optima and hence can play important role in bringing down the energy requirement for bioethanol production. To enhance β-glucosidase production, two statistical tools: Taguchi and Box-Behnken designs were applied to reveal the most influential factors and their respective concentration for maximum production of β-glucosidase under submerged fermentation. The optimal medium composition for maximum β-glucosidase production were 2.99% (w/v) bagasse, 0.33% (w/v) yeast extract, 0.38% (w/v) Triton X-100, 0.39% (w/v) NaNO3 , and pH 8.0 at temperature 30 °C. Under optimized conditions, β-glucosidase production increased up to 9.12-fold (17.52 ± 0.24 IU/g) in shake flask. Large-scale production in 7-L stirred tank bioreactor resulted in higher β-glucosidase production (23.29 ± 0.23 IU/g) within 80 H of incubation, which was 1.34-fold higher than shake flask studies. Commercial cellulase (Celluclast® 1.5L) when supplemented with this crude β-glucosidase resulted in improved sugar release (548.4 ± 2.76 mg/gds) from paddy straw at comparatively low temperature (40 °C) of saccharification. P. lutea BG8 therefore showed great potential for cold active β-glucosidase production and can be used as accessory enzyme along with commercial cellulase to improve saccharification efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rameshwar Tiwari
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.,Laboratory of Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Kumar Pranaw
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Surender Singh
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Pawan K S Nain
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Lata Nain
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
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Cota J, Corrêa TL, Damásio AR, Diogo JA, Hoffmam ZB, Garcia W, Oliveira LC, Prade RA, Squina FM. Comparative analysis of three hyperthermophilic GH1 and GH3 family members with industrial potential. N Biotechnol 2015; 32:13-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Oriente A, Tramontina R, de Andrades D, Henn C, Silva JLC, Simão RCG, Maller A, Polizeli MDLTM, Kadowaki MK. Characterization of a novel Aspergillus niger beta-glucosidase tolerant to saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass products and fermentation inhibitors. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/chempap-2015-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractProperties of beta-glucosidase produced by Aspergillus niger URM 6642 recently isolated from the Atlantic rainforest biome and its potential tolerance to saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass products and fermentation inhibitors was evaluated. The fungus was cultivated under solid state culture conditions at 37°C with different agro-industrial wastes. High levels of beta-glucosidase (3778.9 U g
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Cao LC, Wang ZJ, Ren GH, Kong W, Li L, Xie W, Liu YH. Engineering a novel glucose-tolerant β-glucosidase as supplementation to enhance the hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse at high glucose concentration. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2015; 8:202. [PMID: 26628916 PMCID: PMC4666061 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-015-0383-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most β-glucosidases reported are sensitive to the end product (glucose), making it the rate limiting component of cellulase for efficient degradation of cellulose through enzymatic route. Thus, there are ongoing interests in searching for glucose-tolerant β-glucosidases, which are still active at high glucose concentration. Although many β-glucosidases with different glucose-tolerance levels have been isolated and characterized in the past decades, the effects of glucose-tolerance on the hydrolysis of cellulose are not thoroughly studied. RESULTS In the present study, a novel β-glucosidase (Bgl6) with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50) of 3.5 M glucose was isolated from a metagenomic library and characterized. However, its poor thermostability at 50 °C hindered the employment in cellulose hydrolysis. To improve its thermostability, random mutagenesis was performed. A thermostable mutant, M3, with three amino acid substitutions was obtained. The half-life of M3 at 50 °C is 48 h, while that of Bgl6 is 1 h. The K cat/K m value of M3 is 3-fold higher than that of Bgl6. The mutations maintained its high glucose-tolerance with IC 50 of 3.0 M for M3. In a 10-h hydrolysis of cellobiose, M3 completely converted cellobiose to glucose, while Bgl6 reached a conversion of 80 %. Then their synergistic effects with the commercial cellulase (Celluclast 1.5 L) on hydrolyzing pretreated sugarcane bagasse (SCB) were investigated. The supplementation of Bgl6 or mutant M3 to Celluclast 1.5 L significantly improved the SCB conversion from 64 % (Celluclast 1.5 L alone) to 79 % (Bgl6) and 94 % (M3), respectively. To further evaluate the application potential of M3 in high-solids cellulose hydrolysis, such reactions were performed at initial glucose concentration of 20-500 mM. Results showed that the supplementation of mutant M3 enhanced the glucose production from SCB under all the conditions tested, improving the SCB conversion by 14-35 %. CONCLUSIONS These results not only clearly revealed the significant role of glucose-tolerance in cellulose hydrolysis, but also showed that mutant M3 may be a potent candidate for high-solids cellulose refining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-chuang Cao
- />School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 People’s Republic of China
- />South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-jun Wang
- />School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 People’s Republic of China
- />South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang-hui Ren
- />School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 People’s Republic of China
- />South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Kong
- />School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 People’s Republic of China
- />South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Li
- />School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 People’s Republic of China
- />South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Xie
- />State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-huan Liu
- />School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 People’s Republic of China
- />South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 People’s Republic of China
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Veana F, Martínez-Hernández J, Aguilar C, Rodríguez-Herrera R, Michelena G. Utilization of molasses and sugar cane bagasse for production of fungal invertase in solid state fermentation using Aspergillus niger GH1. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 45:373-7. [PMID: 25242918 PMCID: PMC4166259 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014000200002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Agro-industrial wastes have been used as substrate-support in solid state fermentation for enzyme production. Molasses and sugarcane bagasse are by-products of sugar industry and can be employed as substrates for invertase production. Invertase is an important enzyme for sweeteners development. In this study, a xerophilic fungus Aspergillus niger GH1 isolated of the Mexican semi-desert, previously reported as an invertase over-producer strain was used. Molasses from Mexico and Cuba were chemically analyzed (total and reducer sugars, nitrogen and phosphorous contents); the last one was selected based on chemical composition. Fermentations were performed using virgin and hydrolyzate bagasse (treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid). Results indicated that, the enzymatic yield (5231 U/L) is higher than those reported by other A. niger strains under solid state fermentation, using hydrolyzate bagasse. The acid hydrolysis promotes availability of fermentable sugars. In addition, maximum invertase activity was detected at 24 h using low substrate concentration, which may reduce production costs. This study presents an alternative method for invertase production using a xerophilic fungus isolated from Mexican semi-desert and inexpensive substrates (molasses and sugarcane bagasse).
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Veana
- Food Research DepartmentSchool of ChemistryGraduate Program in Food Science and TechnologyUniversidad Autónoma de CoahuilaSaltilloCoahuilaMéxicoFood Research Department, School of Chemistry, Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, México.
| | - J.L. Martínez-Hernández
- Food Research DepartmentSchool of ChemistryGraduate Program in Food Science and TechnologyUniversidad Autónoma de CoahuilaSaltilloCoahuilaMéxicoFood Research Department, School of Chemistry, Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, México.
| | - C.N. Aguilar
- Food Research DepartmentSchool of ChemistryGraduate Program in Food Science and TechnologyUniversidad Autónoma de CoahuilaSaltilloCoahuilaMéxicoFood Research Department, School of Chemistry, Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, México.
| | - R. Rodríguez-Herrera
- Food Research DepartmentSchool of ChemistryGraduate Program in Food Science and TechnologyUniversidad Autónoma de CoahuilaSaltilloCoahuilaMéxicoFood Research Department, School of Chemistry, Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila, México.
| | - G. Michelena
- Instituto Cubano de Investigaciones de los Derivados de la Caña de AzúcarCiudad de La HabanaCubaInstituto Cubano de Investigaciones de los Derivados de la Caña de Azúcar, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba.
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Souza FHM, Meleiro LP, Machado CB, Zimbardi ALRL, Maldonado RF, Souza TACB, Masui DC, Murakami MT, Jorge JA, Ward RJ, Furriel RPM. Gene cloning, expression and biochemical characterization of a glucose- and xylose-stimulated β-glucosidase from Humicola insolens RP86. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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42
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Immobilization and high stability of an extracellular β-glucosidase from Aspergillus japonicus by ionic interactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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43
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A Novel β-Glucosidase from Humicola insolens with High Potential for Untreated Waste Paper Conversion to Sugars. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 173:391-408. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-0847-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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44
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Production and secretion of a multifunctional ß-glucosidase by Humicola grisea var. thermoidea: effects of L-sorbose. ANN MICROBIOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-013-0748-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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45
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Identification of a fungus able to secrete enzymes that degrade regenerated cellulose films and analyses of its extracellular hydrolases. ANN MICROBIOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-013-0741-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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46
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Souza FHM, Inocentes RF, Ward RJ, Jorge JA, Furriel RPM. Glucose and xylose stimulation of a β-glucosidase from the thermophilic fungus Humicola insolens: A kinetic and biophysical study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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47
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Silva JCR, Guimarães LHS, Salgado JCS, Furriel RPM, Polizeli MLTM, Rosa JC, Jorge JA. Purification and biochemical characterization of glucose-cellobiose-tolerant cellulases from Scytalidium thermophilum. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2013; 58:561-8. [PMID: 23564627 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-013-0245-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two cellulases from Scytalidium thermophilum were purified and characterized, exhibiting tolerance to glucose and cellobiose. Characterization of purified cellulases I and II by mass spectrometry revealed primary structure similarities with an exoglucanase and an endoglucanase, respectively. Molecular masses were 51.2 and 45.6 kDa for cellulases I and II, respectively, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Cellulases I and II exhibited isoelectric points of 6.2 and 6.9 and saccharide contents of 11 and 93 %, respectively. Optima of temperature and pH were 60-65 °C and 4.0 for purified cellulase I and 65 °C and 6.5 for purified cellulase II. Both cellulases maintained total CMCase activity after 60 min at 60 °C. Cysteine, Mn(2+), dithiotreitol and ß-mercaptoethanol-stimulated cellulases I and II. The tolerance to cellulose hydrolysis products and the high thermal stabilities of Scytalidium cellulases suggest good potential for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Carlos Rodrigues Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Optimization of β-glucosidase, β-xylosidase and xylanase production by Colletotrichum graminicola under solid-state fermentation and application in raw sugarcane trash saccharification. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:2875-902. [PMID: 23364611 PMCID: PMC3588020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14022875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient, low-cost enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic residues is essential for cost-effective production of bioethanol. The production of β-glucosidase, β-xylosidase and xylanase by Colletotrichum graminicola was optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Maximal production occurred in wheat bran. Sugarcane trash, peanut hulls and corncob enhanced β-glucosidase, β-xylosidase and xylanase production, respectively. Maximal levels after optimization reached 159.3 ± 12.7 U g−1, 128.1 ± 6.4 U g−1 and 378.1 ± 23.3 U g−1, respectively, but the enzymes were produced simultaneously at good levels under culture conditions optimized for each one of them. Optima of pH and temperature were 5.0 and 65 °C for the three enzymes, which maintained full activity for 72 h at 50 °C and for 120 min at 60 °C (β-glucosidase) or 65 °C (β-xylosidase and xylanase). Mixed with Trichoderma reesei cellulases, C. graminicola crude extract hydrolyzed raw sugarcane trash with glucose yield of 33.1% after 48 h, demonstrating good potential to compose efficient cocktails for lignocellulosic materials hydrolysis.
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Proteome-Based Profiling of Hypercellulase-Producing Strains Developed Through Interspecific Protoplast Fusion Between Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus tubingensis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9985-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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50
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Production of a xylose-stimulated β-glucosidase and a cellulase-free thermostable xylanase by the thermophilic fungus Humicola brevis var. thermoidea under solid state fermentation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 28:2689-701. [PMID: 22806195 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-012-1079-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Humicola brevis var. thermoidea cultivated under solid state fermentation in wheat bran and water (1:2 w/v) was a good producer of β-glucosidase and xylanase. After optimization using response surface methodology the level of xylanase reached 5,791.2 ± 411.2 U g(-1), while β-glucosidase production was increased about 2.6-fold, reaching 20.7 ± 1.5 U g(-1). Cellulase levels were negligible. Biochemical characterization of H. brevis β-glucosidase and xylanase activities showed that they were stable in a wide pH range. Optimum pH for β-glucosidase and xylanase activities were 5.0 and 5.5, respectively, but the xylanase showed 80 % of maximal activity when assayed at pH 8.0. Both enzymes presented high thermal stability. The β-glucosidase maintained about 95 % of its activity after 26 h in water at 55 °C, with half-lives of 15.7 h at 60 °C and 5.1 h at 65 °C. The presence of xylose during heat treatment at 65 °C protected β-glucosidase against thermal inactivation. Xylanase maintained about 80 % of its activity after 200 h in water at 60 °C. Xylose stimulated β-glucosidase activity up to 1.7-fold, at 200 mmol L(-1). The notable features of both xylanase and β-glucosidase suggest that H. brevis crude culture extract may be useful to compose efficient enzymatic cocktails for lignocellulosic materials treatment or paper pulp biobleaching.
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