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Madhu SV, Rao PV, Chandalia HB, Jothydev K, Gupta A. Yoga and prevention of type 2 diabetes - The Indian Prevention of Diabetes Study (IPDS). Diabetes Metab Syndr 2024; 18:103088. [PMID: 39079307 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2024.103088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short term studies have reported that yoga could be beneficial in preventing diabetes. We evaluated long term effectiveness of yoga in reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes. METHODS This open labelled randomized controlled trial was conducted across five medical centers. Adults diagnosed with prediabetes following an oral glucose tolerance test were randomly assigned to receive a structured yoga intervention consisting of 40 minutes of specific yoga asanas pranayama in addition to standard lifestyle measures or standard lifestyle measures alone. The primary outcome of incident diabetes was compared in both groups at the end of the 3-year intervention period using intention-to-treat analysis. RESULTS A total of 974 individuals were randomized (488 to the yoga + lifestyle group-group1 and 486 to the Lifestyle alone group-group2). After 3 years of follow-up, there was a 39.2 % reduction of the relative risk of diabetes with yoga (11.5 % in group1 vs 18.9 % in group 2). Cox proportional hazard model analysis revealed a significantly higher odds ratio of 1.74 (95 % CI 1.25-2.43) of developing diabetes in the lifestyle alone group compared to those who also performed yoga. Adherence to yoga was good with 77 % of individuals performing yoga for more than 75 % of the time. CONCLUSIONS Structured yoga intervention along with standard lifestyle measures significantly reduces risk of type 2 diabetes when compared with those given lifestyle measures alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri V Madhu
- Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University College of Medical Sciences, GTB Hospital, New Delhi, Delhi, 110095, India.
| | - Paturi V Rao
- Diabetes Research Society, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Hemraj B Chandalia
- Diabetes Endocrine Nutrition Management and Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Arvind Gupta
- Monilek Hospital and Research Centre, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Saboo N, Rao A, Kacker S. A study to assess the effect of yoga and diet on Framingham risk score among high-risk cardiovascular subjects. J Family Med Prim Care 2024; 13:1772-1779. [PMID: 38948605 PMCID: PMC11213374 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1169_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a cluster of disorders of blood vessels and the heart. As a form of physical activity, yoga postures, and pranayama have been shown to be beneficial in various health conditions, i.e. hypertension, prediabetes, and diabetes among high-risk subjects. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of yoga and diet on the Framingham risk score (FRS) among high-risk cardiovascular subjects. Materials and Methods The experimental interventional study was conducted at "RUHS College of Medical Sciences" and Associated Group of Hospitals", Jaipur among high-risk cardiovascular subjects. FRS was used as a measurement for the outcome of interest at baseline and six months of yoga diet intervention in the study and control groups. Results Mean age of participants was 48.43 ± 6.4 years. Baseline values (mean ± SD) of FRS 24.59 ± 10.15 after six months of yogic lifestyle 15.1 ± 7.05. After six months of yogic lifestyle FRS scores and estimated 10-year cardiovascular risk were statistically significantly (P < 0.0001) decreased. Pearson correlation analysis results depict that FRS correlation. There was a strong positive correlation between the FRS score and total cholesterol (r = 0.787; P < 0.001) and a negative strong correlation between the FRS score and high-density lipoprotein was observed (r =-0.621; P < 0.002). Conclusion The findings of this study conclude that six months of yoga and diet lifestyle intervention significantly decreased FRS among high-risk CVD subjects compared to the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Saboo
- Department of Physiology, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Aayushee Rao
- Department of Physiology, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sudhanshu Kacker
- Department of Physiology, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Kanthi A, Deepeshwar S, Chidananda K, Vidyashree M, Krishna D. Event-Related Potential Changes Following 12-week Yoga Practice in T2DM Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Clin EEG Neurosci 2024:15500594241249511. [PMID: 38689456 DOI: 10.1177/15500594241249511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Introduction. Type 2 diabetes patients are more likely to experience cognitive decline (1.5%) and dementia (1.6%) than healthy individuals. Although cognitive impairment adversely affects Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, it is the least addressed complication of T2DM patients. Objective. The present study attempts to examine the changes in cognitive performance of T2DM patients and the probable factors contributing to the changes following 12-week yoga practice. Methods. The current study is a parallel group randomized controlled trial that compared the outcomes of the participants randomized to a yoga group (YG) (n = 25) and to a wait-list control group (n = 29). The study assessed N200 and N450 event-related potential (ERP) components following the Stroop task, heart rate variability (HRV) and HbA1c before and after the intervention. Results. The mean amplitude of the N200 ERP component showed a significant group difference after the intervention, demonstrating an improved neural efficiency in the process of conflict monitoring and response inhibition. No differences were present for the N450 component. T2DM patients showed reduced heart rate and increased mean RR following yoga practice without any corresponding changes in other HRV parameters, demonstrating an overall improvement in cardiac activity. Along with that yoga practice also reduced HbA1c levels in T2DM patients, indicating improved glycemic control. Moreover, HbA1c levels were negatively correlated with reaction time after the intervention, indicating an impact of glycemic control on cognitive performance. Conclusion. The 12-week yoga practice improved cognitive performance by enhancing the processes of conflict monitoring and response inhibition. Further, improved cognitive performance postintervention was facilitated by improved glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kanthi
- Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA), Bangalore, India
| | | | - Kaligal Chidananda
- Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA), Bangalore, India
| | | | - Dwivedi Krishna
- Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA), Bangalore, India
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Wu S, Wang L, He Y, Shi F, Zhuang H, Mei L, Qian Y. Effects of different mind-body exercises on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes: A network meta-analysis. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2023; 53:101802. [PMID: 37769432 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2023.101802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to compare the relative effectiveness of different forms of mind-body exercise in improving glycolipid metabolism in patients with T2DM using a network meta-analysis. METHODS The relevant literature was systematically searched in Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang database and VIP Chinese Science. A network meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model within a frequentist framework. RESULTS A total of 52 studies with 6 modalities of mind-body exercise involving 4024 patients were included. Compared with controls, all exercise modalities except Yijinjing significantly improved patients' fasting blood glucose (MDs ranged from -0.72(95% CI: -1.20,-0.25) in dance to -2.06(95% CI: -2.59,-1.54) in yoga), glycated hemoglobin (MDs ranged from -0.62 (95% CI: -0.96) in taijiquan to -0.27,-0.27) in Pilates to -1.18(95% CI: 1.80,-0.57)), total cholesterol (MDs ranged from -0.73(95% CI: -1.29,-0.17) in Pilates to -0.41(95% CI: -0.62,-0.19) in Tai Chi), triglycerides (MDs ranged from -0.56 in Pilates (95% CI: -1.07,-0.04) for Pilates to -0.38 (95% CI: -0.67,-0.10)) for dance; only Tai Chi Chuan (MD:0.12 95% CI:0.04,0.20) and Baduanjin (MD:0.14 95% CI:0.06,0.22) significantly increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in patients; only yoga(MD: 0.78 95%CI: 1.20,-0.37) and Tai Chi Chuan(MD: 0.32 95%CI: 0.60,-0.04) significantly decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in patients. CONCLUSION All mind-body exercises help to improve blood glucose and lipid levels in T2DM patients, but the ranking of relative effectiveness needs to be rationalized. Our study suggests that T2DM patients should choose appropriate mind-body exercises according to their conditions and stick to them for a long time under their healthcare professionals' guidance to achieve effective diabetes control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijun Wu
- School of Physical Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Physical Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Yuxuan He
- School of Physical Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Fengrui Shi
- School of Physical Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Huiqi Zhuang
- School of Physical Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Linqi Mei
- School of Physical Education, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China.
| | - Youling Qian
- School of Physical Education, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, China.
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Mitra S, Mitra M, Nandi P, Pandey M, Chakrabarty M, Saha M, Nandi DK. Efficacy of Yoga for COVID-19 Stress Prophylaxis. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:1034-1042. [PMID: 37625797 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global COVID-19 lockdown restricted daily routines due to the psychological fear of infection, which imposed an unknown universal threat on female college students, affecting physiological health and well-being. However, scant information concerning the efficacy of yogic practice on female college students during the stressful COVID-19 pandemic situation is available. METHODS In a randomized controlled trial (n = 74, age = 21.65 [4.05] y), a study was conducted with a well-conceptualized yogic module for 5 days/week for 3 months (40 min daily in the morning) among yogic volunteers. Pre-post analysis of anthropometric, physiological, and biochemical indices in pandemic-stressed female college students was done for the control and yoga groups. RESULTS After 3 months of yogic practice, significant reduction (P < .05) in heart rate (d = 0.64, meandiff = 5.43), systolic blood pressure (d = 0.59, meandiff = 5.32), cortisol (d = 0.59, meandiff = 6.354), and triglycerides (P < .01, d = 0.45, meandiff = 13.95) was observed. After yogic follow-up significant improvement (P < .01) in high-frequency (d = 0.56, meandiff = -7.3), total power (d = 0.46, meandiff = -1150) and time domain parameters of heart rate variability led to ameliorate the stress index. Superoxide dismutase (P < .01, d = 0.78, meandiff = 0.69), catalase (P < .05, d = 0.48, meandiff = -7.37), glutathione (P < .001, d = 0.83, meandiff = -4.15), high-density lipoprotein (P < .05, d = 0.48, meandiff = -11.07), and dopamine (P < .001, d = 0.97, meandiff = -135.4) values along with inflammatory markers (P < .001) significantly improved among yogic volunteers after regular practice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that a 3-month well-conceptualized yogic intervention during COVID-19 may be considered as a prophylactic tool to improve female college students' universal psychophysiological health by ameliorating autonomic functions, cardiometabolic risk factors, and immune metabolisms in an economical and environment-friendly manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeep Mitra
- Laboratory of Human Performance, PG Department of Human Physiology & BMLT, Raja Narendra Lal Khan Women's College (Autonomous), Midnapore,India
| | - Mousumi Mitra
- Laboratory of Human Performance, PG Department of Human Physiology & BMLT, Raja Narendra Lal Khan Women's College (Autonomous), Midnapore,India
| | - Purna Nandi
- Laboratory of Human Performance, PG Department of Human Physiology & BMLT, Raja Narendra Lal Khan Women's College (Autonomous), Midnapore,India
| | - Madhumita Pandey
- Laboratory of Human Performance, PG Department of Human Physiology & BMLT, Raja Narendra Lal Khan Women's College (Autonomous), Midnapore,India
| | - Mousumi Chakrabarty
- Laboratory of Human Performance, PG Department of Human Physiology & BMLT, Raja Narendra Lal Khan Women's College (Autonomous), Midnapore,India
| | - Mantu Saha
- Work Physiology & Yoga Laboratory, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Delhi,India
| | - Dilip Kumar Nandi
- Laboratory of Human Performance, PG Department of Human Physiology & BMLT, Raja Narendra Lal Khan Women's College (Autonomous), Midnapore,India
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Sharma VK, Kathrotia R, Barde PB, Sharma G, Chitturi V, Parmar N, Dhruva G, Kavathia G. COVID-19-induced Stress in Health-care Workers: Effect of 8-week Common Yoga Protocol on Autonomic Function and Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers. Int J Yoga 2023; 16:79-89. [PMID: 38204773 PMCID: PMC10775844 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_127_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 pandemic posed a huge stress on health-care givers affecting their physical and mental health. Wellness strategies like yoga can improve flexibility, resilience, and outlook. Aim The present study explored the effect of 8-week standard common yoga protocol (CYP) intervention on autonomic functions, emotional stress, oxidative stress, and inflammation markers in the nurse group of health-care givers. Materials and Methods It is a randomized controlled trial where 50 nurses underwent CYP and 50 participated as controls. Anthropometric parameters, cardiovascular parameters, autonomic function including time and frequency domain parameters, biochemical parameters, and psychological stress using the questionnaire were assessed before and after 8-week CYP. Results Total 88 nurses completed the study with 42 and 46 participants, respectively, in the CYP and control groups. CYP intervention resulted in a significant reduction in cardiovascular parameters systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, and rate pressure product (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P = 0.002, respectively), perceived stress score and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale psychological variables of depression, anxiety, and stress, and serum lipid parameters compared to the control group. CYP significantly increased total power, low frequency, high frequency, root mean square of successive differences between adjacent NN intervals, change in successive normal sinus (NN) intervals exceeds 50 ms, and pNN50% (P < 0.001, P = 0.006, P = 0.006, P = 0.039, P < 0.001, and P = 0.013, respectively) suggesting improved resting autonomic modulation and parasympathodominance due to higher vagal efferent activity. There were significant reductions in serum cortisol, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-6 in both the groups. Serum telomerase significantly reduced (P = 0.024) and total antioxidant capacity (P = 0.036) increased in the CYP group post intervention. Conclusion CYP intervention was beneficial in improving psychophysiological, autonomic, and biochemical profile of the nurse group of health-care workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Sharma
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, PDU Medical College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajesh Kathrotia
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, PDU Medical College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Pradip B. Barde
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, PDU Medical College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, PDU Medical College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Vinay Chitturi
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, PDU Medical College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Naresh Parmar
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, PDU Medical College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - Gauravi Dhruva
- Department of Pathology, PDU Medical College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
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Kedlaya MN, Karmakar S, Nayak N, Shanmugasundaram S, Rajagopal A, Puzhankara L. Yoga as an Integrated Holistic Approach to Oral Health: A Review. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2023; 13:106-113. [PMID: 37223445 PMCID: PMC10202256 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_221_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The association between various systemic diseases and periodontitis has been explored extensively. A sedentary lifestyle plays a significant role in systemic and periodontal disease progression. Therefore, lifestyle modification has been considered a component of therapeutic aspects for periodontal disease and systemic disease. This review focuses on how yoga may reduce chronic gingival inflammation by improving the body's defense, which can act more efficiently on periodontal bacteria and help maintain healthy gingiva. Materials and Methods A literature search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE CINAHL, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for all the published articles related to yoga and its systemic benefits and potential role in reducing periodontal breakdown, and the findings were summarized. Results The practice of yoga therapy has been proven to show several benefits, such as reduced stress levels, anxiety and depression, increased antioxidant levels, reduced insulin resistance, and improved respiratory function. It also helps to improve the immune system. Conclusion Yoga can be used as a potential treatment modality adjunct to conventional periodontal therapy as it has been shown to have a potential benefit in controlling systemic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhurya N Kedlaya
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shaswata Karmakar
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Namratha Nayak
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shashikiran Shanmugasundaram
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Anjale Rajagopal
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Lakshmi Puzhankara
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Ghazvineh D, Daneshvar M, Basirat V, Daneshzad E. The Effect of Yoga on the Lipid Profile: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Front Nutr 2022; 9:942702. [PMID: 35911119 PMCID: PMC9329825 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.942702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Yoga is a mind-body stress-relieving exercise that increases mental and physical health, which may have a role in the improvement of metabolic disorders. The present study has reviewed the effect of yoga on lipid profiles as a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods We evaluated the available randomized controlled trials on the effects of yoga-based programs, and lipid profiles by searching PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane central register of control trials up to January 2022. Both fixed and random effect analyses were used to find the relationships. Subgroup analysis was performed based on the continent, duration of the included studies, gender, and health condition of participants to discover the sources of heterogeneity. Result Fifty-three studies were included in the current systematic review and meta-analysis with a total sample size of 13,191. There was a striking association between yoga and total cholesterol (−10.31 mg/dl; 95% CI: −14.16, −6.45; I2 = 82.5%, P < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (−8.64 mg/dl; 95% CI: −12.03, −5.25; I2 = 75.0%, P < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.98 mg/dl; 95% CI: 0.81, 3.14; I2 = 91.6%, P < 0.001), triglycerides (−13.50 mg/dl; 95% CI: −20.09, −6.92; I2 = 90.7%, P < 0.001) and very low-density lipoprotein (−3.94 mg/dl; 95%CI: −6.31, −1.56; I2 = 72.2%, P < 0.001). Conclusion It seems yoga interventions had a substantial effect on lipid profiles, however, more qualified trials or cohort studies are needed to conclude exactly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorsa Ghazvineh
- Department of Physical Education, Islamic Azad University of Karaj, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Daneshvar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Basirat
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elnaz Daneshzad
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- *Correspondence: Elnaz Daneshzad,
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Xue T, Chiao B, Xu T, Li H, Shi K, Cheng Y, Shi Y, Guo X, Tong S, Guo M, Chew SH, Ebstein RP, Cui D. The heart-brain axis: A proteomics study of meditation on the cardiovascular system of Tibetan Monks. EBioMedicine 2022; 80:104026. [PMID: 35576643 PMCID: PMC9118669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There have been mixed reports on the beneficial effects of meditation in cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is widely considered the leading cause of death worldwide. Methods To clarify the role of meditation in modulating the heart-brain axis, we implemented an extreme phenotype strategy, i.e., Tibetan monks (BMI > 30) who practised 19.20 ± 7.82 years of meditation on average and their strictly matched non-meditative Tibetan controls. Hypothesis-free advanced proteomics strategies (Data Independent Acquisition and Targeted Parallel Reaction Monitoring) were jointly applied to systematically investigate and target the plasma proteome underlying meditation. Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein B (Apo B) and lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] as the potential cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated. Heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed by electrocardiogram. Findings Obesity, hypertension, and reduced HRV is offset by long-term meditation. Notably, meditative monks have blood pressure and HRV comparable to their matched Tibetan controls. Meditative monks have a protective plasma proteome, related to decreased atherosclerosis, enhanced glycolysis, and oxygen release, that confers resilience to the development of CVD. In addition, clinical risk factors in plasma were significantly decreased in monks compared with controls, including total cholesterol, LDL-C, Apo B, and Lp(a). Interpretation To our knowledge, this work is the first well-controlled proteomics investigation of long-term meditation, which opens up a window for individuals characterized by a sedentary lifestyle to improve their cardiovascular health with an accessible method practised for more than two millennia. Funding See the Acknowledgements section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xue
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201108, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 201108, China
| | - Benjamin Chiao
- China Center for Behavioral Economics and Finance, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610074, China; Paris School of Technology and Business, Paris 75011, France
| | - Tianjiao Xu
- Nursing Department, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201108, China
| | - Han Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201108, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 201108, China
| | - Kai Shi
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201108, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201108, China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201108, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 201108, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shanbao Tong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Menglin Guo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Soo Hong Chew
- China Center for Behavioral Economics and Finance, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610074, China; Department of Economics, National University of Singapore, 117570, Singapore.
| | - Richard P Ebstein
- China Center for Behavioral Economics and Finance, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, Sichuan 610074, China.
| | - Donghong Cui
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201108, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai 201108, China; Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201108, China.
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Mangala Gowri M, Rajendran J, Srinivasan AR, Bhavanani AB, Meena R. Impact of an Integrated Yoga Therapy Protocol on Insulin Resistance and Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Rambam Maimonides Med J 2022; 13:RMMJ.10462. [PMID: 35089124 PMCID: PMC8798588 DOI: 10.5041/rmmj.10462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetes mellitus (DM), characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, is attributed to relative insulin deficiency or resistance, or both. Studies have shown that yoga can modulate parameters of insulin resistance. The present study explored the possible beneficial effects of integrated yoga therapy with reference to glycemic control and insulin resistance (IR) in individuals with diabetes maintained on standard oral medical care with yoga therapy, compared to those on standard oral medical care alone. METHODS In this study, the subjects on yoga intervention comprised 35 type 2 diabetics, and an equal number of volunteers constituted the control group. Subjects ranged in age from 30 to 70 years, with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test more than 7%, and were maintained on diabetic diet and oral hypoglycemic agents. Blood samples were drawn prior to and after 120 days of integrated yoga therapy intervention. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), post-prandial blood glucose (PPBG), HbA1c, insulin, and lipid profile were assessed in both the intervention and control groups. RESULTS The intervention group revealed significant improvements in body mass index (BMI) (0.7 kg/m2 median decrease; P=0.001), FBG (20 mg/dL median decrease; P<0.001), PPBG (33 mg/dL median decrease; P<0.001), HbA1c (0.4% median decrease; P<0.001), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (1.2 median decrease; P<0.001), cholesterol (13 mg/dL median decrease, P=0.006), triacylglycerol (22 mg/dL median decrease; P=0.027), low-density lipoprotein (6 mg/dL median decrease; P=0.004), and very-low-density lipoprotein levels (4 mg/dL median decrease; P=0.032). Increases in high-density lipoprotein after 120 days were not significant (6 mg/dL median increase; P=0.15). However, when compared to changes observed in patients in the control group, all these improvements proved to be significant. CONCLUSION Administration of integrated yoga therapy to individuals with diabetes leads to a significant improvement in glycemic control, insulin resistance, and key biochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoharan Mangala Gowri
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (SBV), SBV Campus, Pillaiyarkuppam, Pondicherry, India
| | - Jayanthi Rajendran
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (SBV), SBV Campus, Pillaiyarkuppam, Pondicherry, India
| | - Abu Raghavan Srinivasan
- Department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (SBV), SBV Campus, Pillaiyarkuppam, Pondicherry, India
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Ananda Balayogi Bhavanani
- Centre for Yoga Therapy Education and Research, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (SBV), SBV Campus, Pillaiyarkuppam, Pondicherry, India
| | - Ramanathan Meena
- Centre for Yoga Therapy Education and Research, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (SBV), SBV Campus, Pillaiyarkuppam, Pondicherry, India
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11
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Anuradha, Rojaria NS, Kaur J, Saini M. The Effects of Yoga on Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Yoga 2022; 15:3-11. [PMID: 35444371 PMCID: PMC9015080 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_151_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a fastest evolving metabolic disorder and India houses second highest number of patients with diabetes after China. Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of mortality among patients with T2DM. Yoga is an ancient Indian practice that proves to be effective for patients with diabetes. The present systematic review and meta-analysis has been conducted to see the benefits of yoga on blood pressure, lipid profile, and anthropometric measures among patients with T2DM. The articles were extracted from three databases - PubMed, The Cochrane library, and Google scholar. Only English language articles, with PEDro score≥6, were included in the current study. The duplicates were removed using Mendeley. Fourteen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and three 3 non-RCTs were included in the analysis. The meta-analysis was done using Review Manager 5.3. The results reveal that yoga is effect in improving blood pressure (P<0.01), lipid profile (P<0.01) except HDL (P=0.06), and anthropometric measures (P<0.01) except waist-hip ratio (P=0.79). Heterogeneity was also high for most of the variables. It may be concluded from the results that the yoga is effective in improving of blood pressure, lipid profile, and anthropometric measures. However, high heterogeneity sought the need of more high quality RCTs to affirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha
- Department of Physiotherapy, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Niharika Singh Rojaria
- Department of Physiotherapy, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Department of Physiotherapy, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Minaxi Saini
- Mother Teresa Saket College of Physiotherapy, Panchkula, Haryana, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Minaxi Saini, Mother Teresa Saket College of Physiotherapy, Chandi Mandir, Panchkula - 134 107, Haryana, India. E-mail:
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12
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Chandrasekaran B, Rao CR, Davis F, Arumugam A. SMART STEP - SMARTphone-driven exercise and pedometer-based STEP intervention to promote physical activity among desk-based employees: Study protocol for a three-arm cluster randomized controlled trial. Work 2021; 69:1229-1245. [PMID: 34366306 DOI: 10.3233/wor-213544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged sitting in desk-based office workers is found to be associated with increased cardiometabolic risk and poor cognitive performance. Technology-based physical activity (PA) interventions using smartphone applications (SmPh app) to promote PA levels might be effective in reducing cardiometabolic risk among sedentary population but the evidence remains inconclusive. OBJECTIVE The objective is to investigate the effects of a technology-based PA intervention compared to PA education with a worksite manual or no intervention on PA levels, cardiometabolic risk, cognitive performance, and work productivity among desk-based employees. METHOD A three-arm clustered randomized trial will be conducted. The study will be conducted among various administrative offices of a multifaceted university in India. Desk-based employees aged between 30 and 50 years (n = 159; 53 in each arm) will be recruited. Employees from various constituent institutions (clusters) of the university will be randomized into one of the three following groups - SMART: SmPh app-driven break reminders (visual exercise prompts) plus pedometer-based step intervention, TRADE: worksite PA education with a manual plus American College of Sports Medicine guided PA prescription, or CONTROL: usual work group. At baseline and after the 1st, 3rd and 6th month of the trial period, accelerometer-measured sitting time and PA levels, cardiometabolic risk (fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, insulin, blood pressure, heart rate variability, functional capacity, and subcutaneous fat), cognitive performance (executive function), sickness absenteeism and work limitations will be assessed by a blinded assessor. Therapist delivering interventions will not be blinded. CONCLUSION This trial will determine whether a combined SmPh-app and pedometer-based intervention is more effective than education or no intervention in altering PA levels, cardiometabolic risk and cognitive performance among desk-based employees in India. This study has the potential to foster institutional recommendations for using SmPh-based technology and pedometers to promote PA and reduce sedentary behavior at work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baskaran Chandrasekaran
- Department of Exercise and Sports Sciences, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Chythra R Rao
- Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Fiddy Davis
- Department of Exercise and Sports Sciences, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashokan Arumugam
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Neuromusculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, RIMHS - Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Sustainable Engineering Asset Management Research Group, RISE - Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Adjunct Faculty, Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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13
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Nagarathna R, Kumar S, Anand A, Acharya IN, Singh AK, Patil SS, Latha RH, Datey P, Nagendra HR. Effectiveness of Yoga Lifestyle on Lipid Metabolism in a Vulnerable Population-A Community Based Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. MEDICINES 2021; 8:medicines8070037. [PMID: 34357153 PMCID: PMC8303653 DOI: 10.3390/medicines8070037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: Dyslipidemia poses a high risk for cardiovascular disease and stroke in Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). There are no studies on the impact of a validated integrated yoga lifestyle protocol on lipid profiles in a high-risk diabetes population. Methods: Here, we report the results of lipid profile values of 11,254 (yoga 5932 and control 5322) adults (20–70 years) of both genders with high risk (≥60 on Indian diabetes risk score) for diabetes from a nationwide rural and urban community-based two group (yoga and conventional management) cluster randomized controlled trial. The yoga group practiced a validated integrated yoga lifestyle protocol (DYP) in nine day camps followed by daily one-hour practice. Biochemical profiling included glycated hemoglobin and lipid profiles before and after three months. Results: There was a significant difference between groups (p < 0.001 ANCOVA) with improved serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein in the yoga group compared to the control group. Further, the regulatory effect of yoga was noted with a significant decrease or increase in those with high or low values of lipids, respectively, with marginal or no change in those within the normal range. Conclusion: Yoga lifestyle improves and regulates (lowered if high, increased if low) the blood lipid levels in both genders of prediabetic and diabetic individuals in both rural and urban Indian communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghuram Nagarathna
- Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA), Bengaluru 560105, India; (A.K.S.); (S.S.P.); (H.R.N.)
- Correspondence: (R.N.); (A.A.)
| | - Saurabh Kumar
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India;
| | - Akshay Anand
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India;
- Centre for Mind Body Medicine, PGIMER, Chandigarh 160012, India
- Centre for Cognitive Science and Phenomenology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
- Correspondence: (R.N.); (A.A.)
| | - Ishwara N. Acharya
- Central Council for Research in Yoga & Naturopathy (CCRYN), Delhi 110058, India;
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA), Bengaluru 560105, India; (A.K.S.); (S.S.P.); (H.R.N.)
| | - Suchitra S. Patil
- Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA), Bengaluru 560105, India; (A.K.S.); (S.S.P.); (H.R.N.)
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14
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Ramamoorthi R, Gahreman D, Skinner T, Moss S. Bibliometric Profile and Density Visualizing Analysis of Yoga Intervention in Type 2 Diabetes: A 44 - Year Study on Global Scientific Research Output from 1975 to 2019. Int J Yoga 2021; 14:89-99. [PMID: 34188380 PMCID: PMC8191225 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_17_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the paper is to provide an in-depth evaluation of the research output of yoga intervention on type 2 diabetes mellitus from 1975 to 2019 using large-scale data analysis, bibliometric indicators, and density equalizing mapping. Data related to yoga-diabetic research, as search descriptors were retrieved using the Scopus database. The most common bibliometric indicators were annual research output, total citations, productive countries and leading authors, journals and institutions, and frequently cited articles. The number of global research articles retrieved for yoga-diabetic research over the study period 1975-2019 was 411. The growth rate of global publications in 2015-2019 is four times as high as in 1975-2003. The total number of citations for the retrieved articles was 7189, and the average number of citations per article was 23.82. Of these journals, the Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine has published the highest number of papers, which accounts for 2.9% of total publications. This study showed a wide variety of journals in which yoga-diabetic articles are published; these bibliometric indicators provide useful information on performance assessment of productivity and quality of research output. Therefore, this study provides a helpful reference for endocrinologists, yoga therapists, policy decision-makers, and diabetes researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Ramamoorthi
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Darwin, Northern Territory 0909, Australia
| | - Daniel Gahreman
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Darwin, Northern Territory 0909, Australia
| | - Timothy Skinner
- Department of Rural Health at La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon Moss
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Darwin, Northern Territory 0909, Australia
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15
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Kurian J, Vijayakumar V, Mooventhan A, Mavathur R. Effect of yoga on plasma glucose, lipid profile, blood pressure and insulin requirement in a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 18:649-651. [PMID: 33794078 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2020-0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of the study is to evaluate the short-term effect of yoga on plasma glucose, lipid profile, blood pressure and insulin requirement in a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). CASE PRESENTATION A 28-years old female was diagnosed with T1DM at the age of seven. She was under Human Mixtard insulin 30-70, thrice/day for 15-15-15 units. She had a history of poor glycemic control, diabetic ketoacidosis and hypoglycemic shock. At the age of 27, she got admitted with complaints of general weakness, joints stiffness and weight loss in our holistic health centre and underwent two weeks of yoga. Results showed a better reduction in the plasma glucose levels, lipid profile, blood pressure and insulin dose and an increase in hemoglobin levels with no episodes of hypoglycemia after yoga. CONCLUSIONS Yoga might be considered as a safer and effective adjuvant in the management of T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintu Kurian
- Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Bioscience, S-VYASA Deemed to be University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Venugopal Vijayakumar
- Department of Yoga, Government Yoga and Naturopathy Medical College, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - A Mooventhan
- Department of Research, Government Yoga and Naturopathy Medical College, Arumbakkam, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Ramesh Mavathur
- Division of Yoga and Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Bioscience, S-VYASA Deemed to be University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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16
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Misra P, Sharma G, Tandon N, Kant S, Sangral M, Rai SK, Yadav K, Vishnubhatla S, Mandal S, Kardam P, Thakur N. Effect of Community-Based Structured Yoga Program on Hba1c Level among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: An Interventional Study. Int J Yoga 2021; 14:222-228. [PMID: 35017864 PMCID: PMC8691441 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_150_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT In view of the rising burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) cases in India, there is an urgent need for an effective, low-cost, sustainable intervention controlling diabetes thus preventing complications. AIMS This study aimed to assess the effect of structured yoga programs on diabetes. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This was a community-based interventional study that was conducted in an urban resettlement colony of Delhi, India. Known diabetes patients with glycated hemoglobin (Hb1Ac) ≥6.5% were enrolled from 12 randomly selected blocks of the community with a sample size of 192 in each intervention and wait-listed control arm. The intervention was structured yoga of 50 min daily, 2 consecutive weeks in a nearby park and health center followed by twice a week home practice up to the 3rd month. The primary outcome measure was HbA1c% and secondary outcome measures were lipid profile and fasting blood glucose. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Aper-protocol analysis was done. Mean, standard deviation (SD), and 95% confidence interval were estimated. The level of significance was considered for 0.05. RESULTS There was a significant decrease of Hb1Ac (0.5%, SD = 1.5, P = 0.02), total cholesterol (11.7 mg/dl, SD = 40.5, P < 0.01), and low-density lipoprotein (3.2 mg/dl, SD = 37.4, P < 0.01) from baseline to end line in the intervention group. These changes in intervention group were also significantly different from the change in the wait-listed control group. The other variables did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS It revealed that structured yoga program improved glycemic outcome and lipid profile of individuals in a community-based setting. Yoga can be a feasible strategy to control hyperglycemia, lipid levels, and can help better control type 2 DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Misra
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Puneet Misra, Room No. 30, Centre for Community Medicine, Old OT Block, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar East, New Delhi - 110 029, Delhi, India. E-mail:
| | - Gautam Sharma
- Department of Cardiology, Centre for Integrative Medicine and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nikhil Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shashi Kant
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Meenu Sangral
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay K Rai
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kapil Yadav
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Suprakash Mandal
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Priyanka Kardam
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nishakar Thakur
- Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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17
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Meditation and Cardiovascular Health in the US. Am J Cardiol 2020; 131:23-26. [PMID: 32758360 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The 2017 American Heart Association Scientific Statement on meditation and cardiovascular risk suggested that meditation may be considered as an adjunct to guideline-directed cardiovascular risk-reduction interventions. Meditation could potentially increase physical and mental relaxation, leading to improved outcomes after a major cardiovascular event. We hypothesized that meditation is associated with lower cardiovascular risk in the US general population. Using data from the 2012 and 2017 National Health Interview Survey, we identified all patients with hypercholesterolemia, systemic hypertension (SH), diabetes mellitus (DM), stroke, and coronary artery disease (CAD), as well as those who reported that they meditate. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between meditation and risk of hypercholesterolemia, SH, DM, stroke, and CAD, adjusting for potential confounders. Of 61,267 the National Health Interview Survey participants, 5,851 (9.6%) participated in some form of meditation. After adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, race, marital status, cigarette smoking, sleeping duration, and depression, meditation was independently associated with a lower prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (odds ratio [OR] 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.54 to 0.79; p = 0.001), SH (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.75 to 0.99; p = 0.04), diabetes (OR 0.70; 95% CI 0.59 to 0.84; p = 0.0001), stroke (OR 0.76; 95% CI 0.58 to 0.99; p = 0.04), or CAD (OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.39 to 0.66; p <0.001), compared with those who did not meditate. In conclusion, using a large national database, we found that meditation is associated with a lower prevalence of cardiovascular risks factors and disease.
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Sivapuram MS, Srivastava V, Kaur N, Anand A, Nagarathna R, Patil S, Biman S, Chander I, Jyoti S, Nagendra HR. Ayurveda Body-Mind Constitutional Types and Role of Yoga Intervention Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Population of Chandigarh and Panchkula Regions. Ann Neurosci 2020; 27:214-223. [PMID: 34556962 PMCID: PMC8454998 DOI: 10.1177/09727531211000040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes needs a better understanding of etiological factors and management strategies based on lifestyle and constitutional factors, given its high association rate with many cardiovascular, neurological disorders, and COVID-19 infection. Purpose: The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of Diabetes-specific integrated Yoga lifestyle Protocol (DYP) on glycemic control and lipid profiles of diabetic adults. Along with the DYP intervention, the individuals residing in Chandigarh and Panchkula union territories in the northern part of India were assessed for Ayurveda-based body–mind constitutional type. Ayurveda describes body–mind constitution as “prakriti,” which has been discussed from two angles, namely physiological and psychological as body and mind are correlated. Methods: Cluster sampling of waitlist control study subjects was used as the sampling method for the study. A total of 1,215 registered subjects (81 diabetic) responded in randomly selected clusters in Chandigarh and Panchkula. Ayurveda physicians did Ayurveda body–mind constitutional assessment called prakriti assessment (physiological body–mind constitution assessment) in 35 participants (23 diabetic, 12 prediabetic) as a part of the study. Results: A group of 50 subjects was randomly selected for yoga intervention out of 81 diabetes mellitus adults, and 31 subjects were enrolled as waitlist controls. A significant decrease in the glycosylated hemoglobin levels from 8.49 ± 1.94% to 7.97 ± 2.20% in the intervention group was noticed. The lipid profiles of the DYP intervention and control groups were monitored. Three-month follow-up results of lipid profile diagnostic tests in intervention and control groups showed a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). Most diabetic and prediabetic individuals were found to have pitta dosha (pitta controls all heat, metabolism, and transformation in the mind and body) as dominant constitution type. Conclusion: The study results demonstrated significant positive effects of yoga in diabetic individuals. This study has indicated the evidence for the safety and efficacy of the validated DYP for community-level interventions to prevent maladies like brain damage and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhava Sai Sivapuram
- Department of General Medicine, Dr Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Chinna-Avutapalli, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Vinod Srivastava
- Department of Social Work, College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Fort Hays State University, Hays, USA
| | - Navneet Kaur
- Department of Physical Education, Panjab University, Chandigarh
| | - Akshay Anand
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Lab, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.,Collaborative Centre for Mind Body Intervention through Yoga, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.,Centre for Cognitive Sciences and Phenomenology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, india
| | - Raghuram Nagarathna
- Department of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Suchitra Patil
- Department of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Saranga Biman
- Department of Yoga and Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Saras Jyoti
- Department of AYUSH, Haryana Yoga Council, Haryana, India
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Yazdanparast F, Jafarirad S, Borazjani F, Haghighizadeh MH, Jahanshahi A. Comparing between the effect of energy-restricted diet and yoga on the resting metabolic rate, anthropometric indices, and serum adipokine levels in overweight and obese staff women. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 25:37. [PMID: 32582343 PMCID: PMC7306236 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_787_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Weight management is an important strategy to prevent the consequences of obesity. The aim of the study was to compare the effect of yoga practice and energy-restricted diet on resting metabolic rate (RMR), anthropometric indices, and serum adiponectin and leptin in overweight and obese women. Materials and Methods: Obese or overweight women were divided into two groups: yoga practicing and energy-restricted diet. Exercise trials consisted of 60-min Hatha yoga equal to 200 kilocalories (kcal) combined with 300 kcal restriction per day, and an energy-restricted diet consisted of 500 kcal restriction per day. The intervention period for both the groups was 8 weeks. RMR, anthropometric indices, and serum adiponectin, leptin, and lipid profiles were measured at baseline and at the end of the study. Results: RMR was increased in yoga but not in the diet group (P = 0.001). The level of adiponectin was increased in the yoga group compared with the diet (P = 0.035). The concentration of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol was decreased in the diet group significantly but not in yoga (P = 0.006). The level of leptin was decreased in both the groups (P = 0.001), and there were no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion: The findings of the study demonstrated the effect of yoga practicing on RMR, and serum adiponectin, in overweight and obese women. It seems yoga practice with less energy restriction compared with a common energy restriction diet and is more effective in weight management for those who are in weight loss programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Yazdanparast
- Diabetes Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sima Jafarirad
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Para-Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Borazjani
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Para-Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Jahanshahi
- Diabetes Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Xia T, Yang Y, Li W, Tang Z, Huang Q, Li Z, Guo Y. Meditative Movements for Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:5745013. [PMID: 32089725 PMCID: PMC7016481 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5745013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physical activity plays a specific role in the fundamental aspect of diabetes care. It is necessary to develop exercise programs for these patients. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize current evidence regarding the effectiveness of meditative movement in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS The following databases were searched: PubMed, CENTRAL, Web of Science, Ovid LWW, and EMBASE. Two independent investigators searched and screened the studies by finding duplications, excluding irrelevant titles and abstracts, and then selecting eligible studies by reviewing full texts. 21 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses were performed on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG) and postprandial blood glucose (PPBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS Meta-analyses showed that meditative movements significantly improved FBG, HbA1c, PPBG, TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C. No improvement was found in BMI. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrated a favorable effect or tendency of meditative movements to improve blood glucose and blood lipid levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The special effects of meditative movements in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients need further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingwei Xia
- Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of TCM, Qingyang District People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Weihong Li
- Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhaohui- Tang
- Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qingsong Huang
- Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zongrun Li
- Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yongsong Guo
- Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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21
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Ramamoorthi R, Gahreman D, Skinner T, Moss S. The effect of yoga practice on glycemic control and other health parameters in the prediabetic state: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221067. [PMID: 31618207 PMCID: PMC6795440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of yoga on glycemic control, lipid profiles, body composition and blood pressure in people in the pre-diabetic state. Studies on the effectiveness of yoga on population groups under high risk for diabetes, called prediabetic or suffering from metabolic syndromes were extracted from a thorough search of PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, EBSCO and IndMED databases. Both Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) and non-RCT studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Studies published between Jan 2002 and Dec 2018 were included. Studies were considered for evaluation if they investigated a yoga intervention to prevent T2DM, against a control group, while also reporting glycemic control and other health parameters of T2DM management. Summary effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software in addition to publication bias. Of the 46,500 identified studies, 14 studies with 834 participants of whom were 50% women, were found to be eligible for inclusion in our systematic review. Our quantitative synthesis included 12 randomized control trials and 2 non-randomized control trials, with the follow-up period ranging from 4 to 52 weeks. Compared to controls, yoga intervention improved fasting blood glucose (FBG) [Standard Mean Difference (SMD -0.064 mg/dL (95% CI -0.201 to 0.074)]; low density lipoprotein (LDL) [SMD-0.090 mg/dL (95% CI -0.270 to 0.090)]; triglycerides [SMD -0.148 mg/dL (95% CI -0.285 to -0.012)]; total cholesterol [SMD -0.058 mg/dL (95% CI -0.220 to 0.104)] and systolic blood pressure [SMD -0.058 mm Hg (95% CI -0.168 to 0.053)]. This meta-analysis uncovered clinically improved effects of yoga intervention on glycemic control, lipid profiles and other parameters of T2DM management in prediabetic population. These results suggest that yoga intervention may be considered as a comprehensive and alternative approach to preventing T2DM. Further adequately powered, well designed RCTs are needed to support our findings and investigate the long-term effects of yoga in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Ramamoorthi
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Daniel Gahreman
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Timothy Skinner
- Københavns Universitet, Institut for Psykologi, Center for Sundhed og Samfund, Københavns Universitet, København K, Denmark
| | - Simon Moss
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
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Varambally S, Venkatasubramanian G, Govindaraj R, Shivakumar V, Mullapudi T, Christopher R, Debnath M, Philip M, Bharath RD, Gangadhar BN. Yoga and schizophrenia-a comprehensive assessment of neuroplasticity: Protocol for a single blind randomized controlled study of yoga in schizophrenia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17399. [PMID: 31651843 PMCID: PMC6824782 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Schizophrenia is one of the most severe mental disorders with a prevalence of about 1% and a leading cause of disability among young adults. Pharmacotherapy is the mainstay in the management of schizophrenia. However, even with the best of medication, several problems like refractoriness, negative symptoms, frequent relapses, and cognitive impairments persist. METHODS This is a randomized-controlled clinical study including patients from an urban tertiary hospital and a semi-urban community center, with a between-group, repeated-measures, longitudinal design. This study will recruit 160 patients with DSM 5 diagnosis of schizophrenia who are on stable medication for a minimum of 6 weeks; they will be randomly assigned into 2 arms viz., yoga therapy (YT), and treatment-as-usual (TAU) with 80 patients in each arm. Participants will undergo Clinical, Laboratory, and Radiological assessments at baseline and at intervals of 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months from the baseline. It is hypothesized that yoga will improve psychopathology and emotion processing, increase serum brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and plasma oxytocin levels and effect changes in cerebral activation in areas of the brain associated with schizophrenia. DISCUSSION This study aims to measure the efficacy of a Yoga-based intervention as an adjunct in patients with schizophrenia as well as the mechanisms of these effects. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered retrospectively with Clinical Trial Registry - India (CTRI) with registration number CTRI/2017/08/009219.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rose Dawn Bharath
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
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23
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Ughreja RA, Ughreja RA. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, physical activity, yoga and telomere length: A literature review. JOURNAL OF INSULIN RESISTANCE 2019. [DOI: 10.4102/jir.v4i1.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic disease prevalent in adults, is also prevalent amongst children, adolescents and young adults. On understanding the molecular basis of diabetes, a significant association is found between telomere length (TL) and type 2 DM.Aim: The aim of the study was to review the available evidence on effect of physical activity and yoga on DM including their effect on TL.Setting: The study was conducted in Bangalore.Method: A number of databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed and Cochrane Review were searched for relevant articles using keywords such as ’diabetes’, ‘type 2 DM’, ‘physical activity’, ‘yoga’, ‘TL’ and ‘telomerase activity’. All types of articles were included for the study, such as randomised controlled trial, systematic reviews, literature review and pilot study. Non-English articles were excluded from the study.Results: Studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of yoga and physical exercise in type 2 DM in various ways, such as reducing fasting blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin; improving lipid profile, blood pressure and waist-to-hip ratio; reducing inflammatory, oxidative and psychological stress markers; and improving the quality of life of patients. However, limited information is available on the effect of these interventions on TL in type 2 DM and mechanisms involved.Conclusion: Recent studies have shown positive effects of yoga and physical activity on TL. However, there is a dearth of good-quality studies evaluating the effects of yoga on TL in type 2 DM. Future studies need to be conducted with standard treatment protocols, long-term follow-up, appropriate control groups and large sample size.
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24
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Xue T, Li H, Wang MT, Shi Y, Shi K, Cheng Y, Cui DH. Mindfulness meditation improves metabolic profiles in healthy and depressive participants. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:572-574. [PMID: 29405585 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xue
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Ti Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Shi
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Hong Cui
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China.,Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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25
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Mondal S, Kundu B, Saha S. Yoga as a Therapeutic Intervention for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Yoga 2018; 11:129-138. [PMID: 29755222 PMCID: PMC5934948 DOI: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_74_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the effects of 12 weeks yogic intervention on blood sugar and lipid profile in elder women with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Subjects and Methods Twenty elderly (age range 55-70 years) T2DM women were divided into two groups, namely, yogic intervention group (YIG: n = 10, age 64.70 ± 4.03, body mass index [BMI] 24.26 ± 3.40) and control group (CG: n = 10, age 64.40 ± 4.79, BMI 24.28 ± 2.36). YIG underwent yoga practice (Asanas, Kriyas, Pranayamas) for 12 weeks (3 sessions/week), while the CG continued their usual routine activities. Standing height, body weight, BMI, blood sugar, and lipid profile were measured before commencement and after 6 and 12 weeks of yogic intervention in both groups. Results There was a significant (P < 0.01) decrease in fasting plasma glucose, postprandial blood sugar, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and very low density lipoprotein, with a significant (P < 0.01) increase in high-density lipoprotein level from its initial value in YIG, while showing insignificant result in CG. Conclusion It can be said that yogic intervention may have the beneficial effects on blood sugar and lipid profile in elderly women with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santwana Mondal
- Department of Physical Education, Kandra Radha Kanta Kundu Mahavidyalaya, Kandra, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
| | - Brajanath Kundu
- Department of Physical Education, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan, West Bengal, India
| | - Sukanta Saha
- Department of Physical Education, Memari College, Memari, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
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26
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Mooventhan A. A narrative review on role of Yoga as an adjuvant in the management of risk factor, disease progression and the complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2017; 11 Suppl 1:S343-S346. [PMID: 28283397 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the major health problems in the world as well as in India that greatly affects the health care sector and economy. Use of drugs has its own drawbacks and in recent days the use of non-medical measures were reported not only to manage T2DM, but also to prevent its complications. Through there are various review articles that are dealing with the effect of Yoga on risk profiles, management along with the mechanisms of action of yoga in T2DM separately, there is a lack of comprehensive review on the effect of Yoga in combination with all the above mentioned including the effect of Yoga in the management of T2DM complications. Hence, we performed a narrative review in Medline/PubMed using keyword "Yoga and diabetes". All the relevant articles published till 08th November 2016 were included. Based on the available literature, it could be concluded that Yoga plays a vital role as an adjuvant in the management of risk factors, disease progression and the complications of the T2DM. Further studies are warranted using standard research designs and variables to find out the various mechanisms of effects of Yoga in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mooventhan
- Department of Research and Development, S-VYASA University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
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27
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Divya TS, Vijayalakshmi MT, Mini K, Asish K, Pushpalatha M, Suresh V. Cardiopulmonary and Metabolic Effects of Yoga in Healthy Volunteers. Int J Yoga 2017; 10:115-120. [PMID: 29422741 PMCID: PMC5793005 DOI: 10.4103/0973-6131.186162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yoga the spiritual union of mind with the divine intelligence of the universe aims to liberate a human being from conflicts of body-mind duality. Beneficial cardiovascular and pulmonary effects of yoga are in par with aerobic exercise, even amounting to replace the exercise model. We conducted an interventional study in healthy volunteers, to analyze the impact of short-term yoga training on cardiovascular, pulmonary, autonomic function tests, lipid profile, and thyroid function tests. MATERIALS AND METHODS A sample of fifty new recruits attending the district yoga center was subject to 75 min yoga practice a day for 41 days. Basal values of cardiovascular, pulmonary, autonomic function tests, lipid profile, and thyroid function tests were recorded before yoga training and were reassessed for postyoga changes after 41 days. RESULTS After yoga practice there was a significant reduction in the resting heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean blood pressure of the participants. Effects on autonomic function tests were variable and inconclusive. There was a significant increase in forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, and peak expiratory flow rate after yoga. A significant reduction in body mass index was observed. Effects on metabolic parameters were promising with a significant reduction in fasting blood sugar level, serum total cholesterol, serum triglycerides serum low-density lipoprotein levels, and significant increase in high-density lipoprotein. There was no significant change in thyroid function tests after yoga. CONCLUSION Short-term yoga practice has no effect on thyroid functions. Yoga practice was found beneficial in maintaining physiological milieu pertaining to cardiovascular and other metabolic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Satheesh Divya
- Department of Physiology, Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - MT Vijayalakshmi
- Department of Physiology, Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - K Mini
- Department of Physiology, Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - K Asish
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - M Pushpalatha
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Varun Suresh
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Government Medical College, Thrissur, Kerala, India
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28
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Mooventhan A, Nivethitha L. Evidence based effects of yoga practice on various health related problems of elderly people: A review. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2017; 21:1028-1032. [PMID: 29037619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
More than 50% of the elderly above 60 years of age suffer from chronic medical conditions, the prevalence of which increases with age. Though Yoga has been reported as an effective modality in improving various physical and psychological aspects of elderly populations, a comprehensive review of Yoga and its effects on various health related problems of elderly populations has not yet been reported. Hence, we performed PubMed/Medline search to review relevant articles, using keyword "yoga and elderly". Relevant articles published since inception till 6th October 2016 were included for the review. Based on the available scientific literature, this review suggests that the regular practice of Yoga can be considered as an effective intervention in improving physical (reduces heart rate, blood pressure, blood glucose, oxidative damage, fatigue, weakness, fear of fall, and improve heart rate variability, baroreflex sensitivity, insulin sensitivity, physical functions, mobility, flexibility, and urinary incontinence), mental (reduces depression, anxiety), emotional (reduces anger, stress, tension and improve self-efficacy), social (improve life satisfaction), and vital (improved vitality) planes of elderly individuals, offering a better quality of sleep and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mooventhan
- Department of Research and Development, S-VYASA University, #19, Eknath Bhavan, Kavipuram Circle, Kempegowda Nagar, Bengaluru, 560019, Karnataka, India.
| | - L Nivethitha
- Department of Research and Development, S-VYASA University, #19, Eknath Bhavan, Kavipuram Circle, Kempegowda Nagar, Bengaluru, 560019, Karnataka, India
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29
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Nivethitha L, Mooventhan A, Manjunath NK. Effects of Various Prāṇāyāma on Cardiovascular and Autonomic Variables. Anc Sci Life 2016; 36:72-77. [PMID: 28446827 PMCID: PMC5382821 DOI: 10.4103/asl.asl_178_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular functions are controlled by neural factors, temperature, hormones, etc., Of these, neural factors primarily concern the autonomic nervous system, which plays a major role in maintaining and regulating cardiac functions, e.g., blood pressure and heart rate. Prāṇāyāma is one of the most important yogic practices. There are various review articles on Yoga and its effects but, though Prāṇāyāma is a part of yoga, there is lack of review articles. To the best of our knowledge there is no known review article on effect of various Prāṇāyāma on cardiovascular and autonomic variables. To provide a general overview about the effect of various prāṇāyāma (breathing techniques) on cardiovascular and autonomic variables. A narrative review was performed based on the available scientific literature. An electronic data search was performed in Medline/PubMed database to review relevant articles, using keywords such as "Prāṇāyāma, Yogic breathing techniques, Unilateral nostril breathing, Alternate nostril breathing, Kapalbhati, Bhastrika and Bhramari Pranayama". All the relevant articles published from 1988 to 06-04-2016 were included in this review. Slow type of yogic breathing technique was reported to produce beneficial effect on cardiovascular and autonomic variables while fast breathing techniques do not produce such effects. There is lack of consistency in the results of specific nostril yogic breathing techniques and the mechanisms behind the effects of various prāṇāyāma. This review suggests that different types of Prāṇāyāma techniques produce different effects and the mechanisms behind these effects are not fully understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nivethitha
- From the Department of Research and Development, S-VYASA University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - A Mooventhan
- From the Department of Research and Development, S-VYASA University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - NK Manjunath
- From the Department of Research and Development, S-VYASA University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Cui J, Yan JH, Yan LM, Pan L, Le JJ, Guo YZ. Effects of yoga in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis. J Diabetes Investig 2016; 8:201-209. [PMID: 27370357 PMCID: PMC5334310 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction A meta‐analysis was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of yoga in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods The PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched to obtain eligible randomized controlled trials. The primary outcome was fasting blood glucose, and the secondary outcomes included glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride and postprandial blood glucose. Weighted mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. The I2 statistic represented heterogeneity. Results A total of 12 randomized controlled trials with a total of 864 patients met the inclusion criteria. The pooled weighted mean differences were −23.72 mg/dL (95% CI −37.78 to −9.65; P = 0.001; I2 = 82%) for fasting blood glucose and −0.47% (95% CI −0.87 to −0.07; P = 0.02; I2 = 82%) for hemoglobin A1c. The weighted mean differences were −17.38 mg/dL (95% CI −27.88 to −6.89; P = 0.001; I2 = 0%) for postprandial blood glucose, −18.50 mg/dL (95% CI −29.88 to −7.11; P = 0.001; I2 = 75%) for total cholesterol, 4.30 mg/dL (95% CI 3.25 to 5.36; P < 0.00001; I2 = 10%) for high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, −12.95 mg/dL (95% CI −18.84 to −7.06; P < 0.0001; I2 = 37%) for low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and −12.57 mg/dL (95% CI −29.91 to 4.76; P = 0.16; I2 = 48%) for triglycerides. Conclusions The available evidence suggests that yoga benefits adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, considering the limited methodology and the potential heterogeneity, further studies are necessary to support our findings and investigate the long‐term effects of yoga in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cui
- Glorious Sun School of Business and Management, Donghua University, Shanghai, China.,Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Hong Yan
- Department of Clinical Medical Technology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Li-Ming Yan
- Department of Clinical Outpatient, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Lei Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Jia-Jin Le
- Glorious Sun School of Business and Management, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Zhong Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Xuzhou Center Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Xuzhou, China
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31
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Vizcaino M, Stover E. The effect of yoga practice on glycemic control and other health parameters in Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med 2016; 28:57-66. [PMID: 27670871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maricarmen Vizcaino
- Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, United States.
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Bairy S, Kumar AMV, Raju MSN, Achanta S, Naik B, Tripathy JP, Zachariah R. Is adjunctive naturopathy associated with improved glycaemic control and a reduction in need for medications among type 2 Diabetes patients? A prospective cohort study from India. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:290. [PMID: 27534941 PMCID: PMC4989485 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1264-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With an estimated 65 million Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients, India ranks second in the world in terms of DM burden. The emphasis of current medical practice has been on pharmacotherapy but, despite the best combination therapies, acheiving glycaemic control (reduction of blood sugar to desirable levels) is a challenge. 'Integrated Naturopathy and Yoga'(INY) is an alternative system of medicine that lays emphasis on the role of diet and physical exercise. We assessed the short term effect of INY as an adjunct to pharmacotherapy on glycaemic control among type 2 DM patients. METHODS In this prospective cohort study with a 3 month follow-up, DM patients consecutively admitted to a hospital in India from May-October 2014 for either 15 or 30 days were offered INY - a package of vegetarian diet with no added oil, sugar and salt, yoga-based exercise, patient counselling and rest. A 'favourable outcome' was defined as glycaemic control (glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) < 7 % or absolute reduction by 1 %) along with at least 50 % reduction in antidiabetes medication at 3 months relative to baseline. Compliance to diet was scored by self-report on a scale of 0-10 and categorized into poor (0-5), moderate (6-8) and excellent (9-10). RESULTS Of 101 patients with 3-month follow-up data, 65(65 %) achieved a favourable outcome - with 19(19 %) stopping medication while sustaining glycemic control. Factors associated with favourable outcome were baseline HbA1c and compliance to diet, which showed a significant linear relationship with mean HbA1c reductions of 0.4 %, 1.1 % and 1.7 % in relation to poor, moderate and excellent dietary compliance respectively. CONCLUSION INY, adjunctive to pharmacotherapy, was associated with a significant beneficial effect on glycaemic control and reduced the overall need for antidiabetes medications. These early results are promising. Further studies with long-term follow-up and using more rigorous randomized controlled trial designs are needed.
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Chaturvedi A, Nayak G, Nayak AG, Rao A. Comparative Assessment of the Effects of Hatha Yoga and Physical Exercise on Biochemical Functions in Perimenopausal Women. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:KC01-4. [PMID: 27656468 PMCID: PMC5028509 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/18891.8389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Menopause is a transitional phase in which some women experience discomfort, while others may exhibit variety of symptoms. The power of yoga therapy in relieving stress, enhancing health, improving fitness and managing symptoms of a variety of disorders is remarkable. AIM The current study was designed to study the effect of Hatha yoga therapy and regular physical exercise on the Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Glycated Haemoglobin (GHB), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), serum cortisol and total plasma thiol levels in perimenopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 216 women with perimenopausal symptoms, 111 in test group (Hatha yoga) and 105 in control group (physical exercise). The duration of intervention was 45 minutes every day for 12 weeks. Blood samples were collected in the pre and post intervention period. Statistical significance was defined as p<0.05. RESULTS FBS and GHB (p≤0.05) showed a significant decrease after yoga therapy. Cortisol levels significantly (p≤0.05) increased in the post intervention period in the control group. However, it is maintained in the test group between the two time periods. The total plasma thiols level showed a rise in the post intervention period, significant rise (p≤0.001) in control group but not significant in the test group. The TSH levels were not altered in any group. CONCLUSION It is concluded that exercise helps in maintaining the sugar levels but calming effects of yoga practice is important in relieving stress and enhancing health in perimenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Chaturvedi
- Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Gayathry Nayak
- Associate Professor, Department of Yoga, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Akshatha Ganesh Nayak
- Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - Anjali Rao
- Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, India
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Lauche R, Langhorst J, Lee MS, Dobos G, Cramer H. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of yoga on weight-related outcomes. Prev Med 2016; 87:213-232. [PMID: 27058944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Overweight and obesity are among the most important modifiable risk factors for chronic diseases and premature death. The aim of this review was to systematically assess and analyze the effects of yoga on weight-related outcomes. METHODS Medline/PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were screened through March 2015 for randomized controlled trials on yoga for weight-related outcomes in the general population or overweight/obese individuals. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool on the following domains: selection bias, performance bias, detection bias, attrition bias, reporting bias, and other bias. RESULTS Out of 445 records identified during literature search, 30 trials with a total of 2173 participants were included. No effects on weight, body mass index, body fat percentage or waist circumference were found. In studies with healthy adult participants an effect of yoga compared to usual care was found regarding waist/hip ratio (SMD=--1.00; 95% CI=--1.44, -0.55; p<0.001). In studies with overweight/obese participants only, effects relative to usual care were found for body mass index (SMD=-0.99; 95% CI=-1.67, -0.31; p=0.004). Effects however were not robust against selection bias; and publication bias could not be ruled out. No intervention-related adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS Despite methodological drawbacks, yoga can be preliminarily considered a safe and effective intervention to reduce body mass index in overweight or obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Lauche
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jost Langhorst
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Myeong Soo Lee
- Medical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Gustav Dobos
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Holger Cramer
- Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM), University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Netam R, Yadav RK, Khadgawat R, Sarvottam K, Yadav R. Interleukin-6, vitamin D & diabetes risk-factors modified by a short-term yoga-based lifestyle intervention in overweight/obese individuals. Indian J Med Res 2016. [PMID: 26205020 PMCID: PMC4525402 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.160698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Several diabetes prevention programmes have demonstrated a reduction in incidence of diabetes in individuals with prediabetes through weight loss. Short-term yoga-based lifestyle intervention programmes have also been shown to be efficacious in weight loss. This study was undertaken to investigate if interleukin (IL)-6, vitamin D, neopterin, vaspin, and diabetes risk factors can be modified by a short-term yoga-based lifestyle intervention in overweight/obese subjects. METHODS In this pilot study, 34 overweight/obese [body mass index (BMI) ≥ 23 to <35 kg/m [2] per Asian cut-off values] individuals were enrolled, and received directly supervised intervention for 10 days. Thereafter, they were advised to follow this yoga-based lifestyle at home for one month, and were reassessed for study variables at day 30. RESULTS There was a reduction from baseline to day 10 in weight ( p <0.001), BMI ( P <0.001), waist/hip-ratio ( P <0.05), blood glucose ( P <0.01), and a significant improvement in lipid profile. There was a decrease in median fasting insulin ( P <0.05), homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance ( P <0.01), and IL-6 ( Pp <0.05). A non-significant increase in 25-OH-vitamin D, and a decrease in neopterin and vaspin were observed. Twenty subjects returned for follow up assessments. At day 30, weight loss was sustained while systolic blood pressure also showed reduction ( P <0.05). Changes in vitamin D levels were significantly and negatively correlated with changes in weight, BMI and fasting blood glucose, and positively with change in high density lipoprotein. Changes in body weight and BMI significantly and positively correlated with insulin. Changes in IL-6 levels positively and significantly correlated with change in neopterin levels. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS The findings showed that IL-6, vitamin D, and diabetes risk factors were favourably modified by a short-term yoga-based lifestyle intervention in obesity. This study also highlighted the challenges in compliance associated with the follow up of subjects following an aggressive supervised intervention of 10 days.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raj Kumar Yadav
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Barrows JL, Fleury J. Systematic Review of Yoga Interventions to Promote Cardiovascular Health in Older Adults. West J Nurs Res 2015; 38:753-81. [PMID: 26689218 DOI: 10.1177/0193945915618610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The benefits of physical activity are well established, yet few older adults engage in adequate physical activity to optimize health. While yoga may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, few studies have focused on the efficacy of yoga-based physical activity to promote cardiovascular health in older adults. The objective of this review is to provide an evaluation of yoga interventions to reduce cardiovascular risk in older adults. Four databases were searched for randomized controlled trials of yoga interventions in older adults. Studies with cardiovascular outcomes were included. Literature searches identified nine articles eligible for review. Significant health benefits were reported, including favorable changes in blood pressure, body composition, glucose, and lipids. Yoga practices, participant characteristics, and outcome measures were variable. There was limited use of theory. Yoga is safe and feasible in older adults; additional research is warranted to examine the specific components of yoga interventions essential to reducing cardiovascular risk.
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Innes KE, Selfe TK. Yoga for Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Controlled Trials. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2016:6979370. [PMID: 26788520 PMCID: PMC4691612 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6979370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests yogic practices may benefit adults with type 2 diabetes (DM2). In this systematic review, we evaluate available evidence from prospective controlled trials regarding the effects of yoga-based programs on specific health outcomes pertinent to DM2 management. To identify qualifying studies, we searched nine databases and scanned bibliographies of relevant review papers and all identified articles. Controlled trials that did not target adults with diabetes, included only adults with type 1 diabetes, were under two-week duration, or did not include quantitative outcome data were excluded. Study quality was evaluated using the PEDro scale. Thirty-three papers reporting findings from 25 controlled trials (13 nonrandomized, 12 randomized) met our inclusion criteria (N = 2170 participants). Collectively, findings suggest that yogic practices may promote significant improvements in several indices of importance in DM2 management, including glycemic control, lipid levels, and body composition. More limited data suggest that yoga may also lower oxidative stress and blood pressure; enhance pulmonary and autonomic function, mood, sleep, and quality of life; and reduce medication use in adults with DM2. However, given the methodological limitations of existing studies, additional high-quality investigations are required to confirm and further elucidate the potential benefits of yoga programs in populations with DM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim E. Innes
- Department of Epidemiology, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Center for the Study of Complementary and Alternative Therapies, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Terry Kit Selfe
- Department of Epidemiology, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Center for the Study of Complementary and Alternative Therapies, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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Chimkode SM, Kumaran SD, Kanhere VV, Shivanna R. Effect of yoga on blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:CC01-3. [PMID: 26023550 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/12666.5744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In view of people embracing sedentary life style, and the effectiveness of treatment becoming less, the role of regular exercise especially 'yoga' seems to be a beneficial and economical adjuvant in the management of the Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). OBJECTIVES To assess the beneficial effects of yoga on blood glucose levels in normal and T2DM volunteers. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective case-control study was conducted in the Department of Physiology and Diabetic clinic of a tertiary care teaching hospital over period of two years. The study subjects consisted of 30 male diabetic patients attending diabetic clinic and 30 non-diabetic male volunteers constituted control group. The patients in the age group of 36 to 55 years with T2DM of at least one year duration and those on diabetic diet and oral hypoglycemic agents were included in the study group. The age matched healthy male volunteers who had come to join yoga training at yoga centre were included in the control group. All the participants were trained by yoga experts and subjected to regular practice under supervision for six months. In all the participants fasting (FBS) and post-prandial blood sugar (PPBS) was estimated before, during (at three months) and after (six months) yoga training. Paired Student t-test was used to estimate difference in means calculated before and after yoga training in a same group. A p-value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS The distribution of age, mean height and mean weight among both the groups were comparable. The reduction in mean values of FBS and PPBS at the end of six months was highly significant (p <0.001) in both the groups when compared with the mean values before and during (three months) yoga practice. The reduction in these values at three months during yoga was highly significant in T2DM group when compared with mean values before yoga (p <0.001), but it was insignificant (p<0.05) in control group. CONCLUSION The results of the present study demonstrated that the yoga is effective in reducing the blood glucose levels in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Manikappa Chimkode
- Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, Bidar Institute of Medical Sciences , Bidar, Karnataka, India
| | - Sendil D Kumaran
- Professor, Department of Physiology, Sri Siddhartha Medical College , Tumkur, Karnataka, India
| | - V V Kanhere
- Former Professor, Department of Physiology, B.J. Medical college, Sasson Hospital , Pune, Maharastra, India
| | - Ragunatha Shivanna
- Professor, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Sri Siddhartha Medical College , Tumkur, Karnataka, India
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Kumpatla S, Michael C, Viswanathan V. Effect of yogasanas on glycaemic, haemodynamic and lipid profile in newly diagnosed subjects with type 2 diabetes. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-014-0255-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Sharma R, Amin H, Prajapati PK. Yoga: As an adjunct therapy to trim down the Ayurvedic drug requirement in non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Anc Sci Life 2015; 33:229-35. [PMID: 25593403 PMCID: PMC4293750 DOI: 10.4103/0257-7941.147430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In spite of a large number of drugs showing anti-hyperglycemic activities, none of them have been successful in complete management of diabetes mellitus (DM). Yoga and Ayurveda are the two schools of thought in India, which have a history of curing diseases since thousands of years. Yogic techniques and Ayurvedic herbs have proven their anti-diabetic potential without inducing untoward effects. The present study combines Ayurvedic medication with Yoga techniques as a new approach toward healing DM. Aims and Objectives: To assess the effect of Yoga therapy in the management of non insulin-dependent DM (NIDDM) and to decrease the oral drug dose requirement of guḍūcī ghana Tablet. Materials and Methods: Thirty known NIDDM patients of both genders, who were on guḍūcī ghana (solidified aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers.) tablets from past 2 months as Ayurvedic remedy for DM were selected. Along with guḍūcī ghana administration, the subjects were instructed to follow Yogic procedures including Āsanas, prāṇāyāma, and śuddhi kriyās. The study was conducted for 8 weeks, wherein fasting blood sugar (FBS) and postprandial blood sugar (PPBS) levels along with relief in sign and symptoms were assessed at every 2 weeks intervals, and according to relief in sign and symptoms, tapering of drug dosage was carried out. The obtained data were analyzed statistically by applying paired t-test. Results and Conclusion: The results obtained were promising as the relief in diabetic symptomatology was highly significant in terms of P value. 80.83% reduction in dose of guḍūcī ghana tablets and 7.85% and 8.78% fall in FBS and PPBS levels, respectively, after the complete course of treatment. The obtained P value showed highly significant results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasashastra, Bhaishajya Kalpana Including Drug Research, I.P.G.T. and R.A., Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Hetal Amin
- Basic Principles Including Drug Research, I.P.G.T. and R.A., Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - P K Prajapati
- Department of Rasashastra, Bhaishajya Kalpana Including Drug Research, I.P.G.T. and R.A., Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
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Kim SD. Effects of yogic exercises on life stress and blood glucose levels in nursing students. J Phys Ther Sci 2014; 26:2003-6. [PMID: 25540518 PMCID: PMC4273078 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.26.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study was performed to investigate the effects of yogic exercises on life
stress and blood glucose levels in nursing students. [Subjects and Methods] The study was
a randomized controlled trial. Twenty-seven undergraduate nursing students were randomly
selected, with 12 assigned to an exercise group and 15 assigned to a control group. The
yogic exercises intervention was undertaken for 60 minutes one day a week for 12 weeks. It
consisted of physical exercise (surya namaskara) combined with relaxation and meditation
(shavasana and yoga nidra). Life stress was measured by the Life Stress Scale for College
Students, and postprandial blood glucose levels were measured with a digital glucometer.
[Results] The exercise group measurements were significantly decreased in both life stress
and postprandial blood glucose levels compared with the control group. [Conclusion] These
findings indicate that yogic exercises would reduce life stress and lower postprandial
blood glucose levels in nursing students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Dol Kim
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Kangwon National University, Republic of Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- Viveka P. Jyotsna
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
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Cramer H, Lauche R, Dobos G. Characteristics of randomized controlled trials of yoga: a bibliometric analysis. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:328. [PMID: 25183419 PMCID: PMC4161862 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background A growing number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have investigated the therapeutic value of yoga interventions. This bibliometric analysis aimed to provide a comprehensive review of the characteristics of the totality of available randomized yoga trials. Methods All RCTs of yoga were eligible. Medline/PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, IndMED, and the tables of content of yoga specialty journals not listed in medical databases were screened through February 2014. Bibliometric data, data on participants, and intervention were extracted and analyzed descriptively. Results Published between 1975 and 2014, a total of 366 papers were included, reporting 312 RCTs from 23 different countries with 22,548 participants. The median study sample size was 59 (range 8–410, interquartile range = 31, 93). Two hundred sixty-four RCTs (84.6%) were conducted with adults, 105 (33.7%) with older adults and 31 (9.9%) with children. Eighty-four RCTs (26.9%) were conducted with healthy participants. Other trials enrolled patients with one of 63 varied medical conditions; the most common being breast cancer (17 RCTs, 5.4%), depression (14 RCTs, 4.5%), asthma (14 RCTs, 4.5%) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (13 RCTs, 4.2%). Whilst 119 RCTs (38.1%) did not define the style of yoga used, 35 RCTs (11.2%) used Hatha yoga and 30 RCTs (9.6%) yoga breathing. The remaining 128 RCTs (41.0%) used 46 varied yoga styles, with a median intervention length of 9 weeks (range 1 day to 1 year; interquartile range = 5, 12). Two hundred and forty-four RCTs (78.2%) used yoga postures, 232 RCTs (74.4%) used breath control, 153 RCTs (49.0%) used meditation and 32 RCTs (10.3%) used philosophy lectures. One hundred and seventy-four RCTs (55.6%) compared yoga with no specific treatment; 21 varied control interventions were used in the remaining RCTs. Conclusions This bibliometric analysis presents the most complete up-to-date overview on published randomized yoga trials. While the available research evidence is sparse for most conditions, there was a marked increase in published RCTs in recent years. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1472-6882-14-328) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Pal R, Singh SN, Chatterjee A, Saha M. Age-related changes in cardiovascular system, autonomic functions, and levels of BDNF of healthy active males: role of yogic practice. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:9683. [PMID: 25012275 PMCID: PMC4150910 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-014-9683-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with decline in cardiovascular, autonomic function, and brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF). Reports are scanty regarding whether yoga can improve age-related degenerative changes in healthy active men. This study is designed to appraise the role of yoga in improving age-related degenerative changes in cardiometabolic risk profile, autonomic function, stress, and BDNF. Healthy active males of three age groups (20-29, 30-39, and 40-49 years) were randomly assigned to practice yoga daily 1 h for 3 months. Significantly higher values of heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), load in heart (DoP), myocardial oxygen consumption (RPP), and total cholesterol (TC) were noted in senior age group. HR, BP, DoP, RPP, and TC decreased significantly following yogic practice. High frequency (HF), total power (TP), all time domain variables of heart rate variability (HRV), and skin conductance (SC) were significantly decreased with advancement of age. HF, TP, and time domain parameters of HRV and SC increased significantly following yogic practice. Higher levels of catecholamines and low frequency (LF) power of HRV was noted with advancement of age. Levels of catecholamines and LF significantly decreased following yogic practice. Cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) level raised in senior age group. BDNF, serotonin, and dopamine were low in higher age group. Significant decrement of cortisol; ACTH; and increment in serotonin, dopamine, and BDNF was noted following yogic practice. This study revealed that yogic practices might help in the prevention of age-related degeneration by changing cardiometabolic risk factors, autonomic function, and BDNF in healthy male.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rameswar Pal
- />Centre for Advanced Research and Training in Yoga (CARTY), Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054 India
| | - Som Nath Singh
- />Nutrition Division, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054 India
| | - Abhirup Chatterjee
- />Centre for Advanced Research and Training in Yoga (CARTY), Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054 India
| | - Mantu Saha
- />Work Physiology & Yoga, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Lucknow Road, Timarpur, Delhi 110054 India
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Abstract
Yoga has been the subject of research in the past few decades for therapeutic purposes for modern epidemic diseases like mental stress, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Individual studies report beneficial effect of yoga in these conditions, indicating that it can be used as nonpharmaceutical measure or complement to drug therapy for treatment of these conditions. However, these studies have used only yoga asana, pranayama, and/ or short periods of meditation for therapeutic purposes. General perception about yoga is also the same, which is not correct. Yoga in fact means union of individual consciousness with the supreme consciousness. It involves eight rungs or limbs of yoga, which include yama, niyama, asana, pranayama, pratyahara, dharana, dhyana, and samadhi. Intense practice of these leads to self-realization, which is the primary goal of yoga. An analytical look at the rungs and the goal of yoga shows that it is a holistic way of life leading to a state of complete physical, social, mental, and spiritual well-being and harmony with nature. This is in contrast to purely economic and material developmental goal of modern civilization, which has brought social unrest and ecological devastation.
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Effects of yoga on cardiovascular disease risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 2014; 173:170-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Bernstein AM, Bar J, Ehrman JP, Golubic M, Roizen MF. Yoga in the Management of Overweight and Obesity. Am J Lifestyle Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1559827613492097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although yoga may help manage conditions comorbid with overweight and obesity, such as low back pain, whether yoga helps with weight loss or maintenance beyond that which can be achieved with diet and exercise remains unclear. A search of multiple databases through September 2012 was undertaken identifying peer-reviewed studies on yoga, meditation, mindfulness, obesity, and overweight. Studies on yoga and weight loss are challenged by small sample sizes, short durations, and lack of control groups. In addition, there is little consistency in terms of duration of formal group yoga practice sessions, duration of informal practices at home, and frequency of both. Studies do however suggest that yoga may be associated with weight loss or maintenance. Mechanisms by which yoga may assist with weight loss or maintenance include the following: (a) energy expenditure during yoga sessions; (b) allowing for additional exercise outside yoga sessions by reducing back and joint pain; (c) heightening mindfulness, improving mood, and reducing stress, which may help reduce food intake; and (d) allowing individuals to feel more connected to their bodies, leading to enhanced awareness of satiety and the discomfort of overeating. Thus, yoga appears promising as a way to assist with behavioral change, weight loss, and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judi Bar
- Wellness Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Lyndhurst, Ohio
| | | | - Mladen Golubic
- Wellness Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Lyndhurst, Ohio
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress has negative effect on health and type 2 diabetes patients may be at an increased risk. Abnormally high levels of free radicals and the simultaneous decline of antioxidant defense mechanisms can increase lipid peroxidation and insulin resistance. The objective of the present study was to demonstrate the efficacy of yogic practice in geriatric patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and also to compare the efficacy with the state of glycaemic control. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy three (73) healthy elderly patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the age group of 60 to 70 years with a history of diabetes for 5 to 10 years and with poor glycaemic control (HbA(1c) >8 %) residing in Kozhikode district were recruited for the study. The subjects were divided into three groups according to their glycaemic control. Group I with HbA(1c) 8.6-9.7 %, group II with HbA(1c) 9.8-10.7 % and group III with HbA(1c) 10.8-12.7 %. Participants did yogic practice under the supervision of experienced trainer, daily 90 minutes and for three months. Biochemical estimation of HbA(1c), glucose, lipid profile, cortisol, ferritin, malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase activity were carried out on 0 day and 90(th) day. Seventy patients participated in a comparable control session. RESULTS The participants in the test group showed statistically significant (P < 0.001) decrease in glucose, HbA(1c), lipids, cortisol, ferritin, MDA and significant increase in catalase activity after yogic practice. CONCLUSIONS Yoga may improve risk profiles induced by stress in geriatric patients with type 2 diabetes and may have promise for the prevention or delay in diabetes complications. And at all stages of the disease a significant improvement can be achieved by yogic practice in geriatric diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rani K Beena
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Calicut, Kerala, India
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Mizuno J, Monteiro HL. An assessment of a sequence of yoga exercises to patients with arterial hypertension. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2012; 17:35-41. [PMID: 23294681 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2012.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This quasi-experimental study describes the effects of a yoga sequence following hemodynamic and biochemical parameters in patients with hypertension. Thirty-three volunteers participated in the study (control = 16 and yoga = 17) for four months. Blood pressure measurements, cardiac and respiratory rate were collected monthly, while the biochemical profile was taken at the beginning and end of the program. To analyze the data, Student's t test and repeated measures analyses were performed. The yoga group showed a significant reduction of systolic blood pressure, heart and respiratory rate (p < 0.05). As for the biochemical profile, the yoga group showed correlation coefficients between initial values and final responses greater than the control of fasting glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. The elaborated sequence practice promoted significant cardiovascular and metabolic benefits. The yoga exercises performed in the proposed sequence constitute complementary non-pharmacological control of blood pressure in patients with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Mizuno
- Department of Physical Education, Institute of Biosciences, Rio Claro, São Paulo State University, Av. 24A, No. 1515, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Subramanian S, Elango T, Malligarjunan H, Kochupillai V, Dayalan H. Role of sudarshan kriya and pranayam on lipid profile and blood cell parameters during exam stress: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Yoga 2012; 5:21-7. [PMID: 22346062 PMCID: PMC3276928 DOI: 10.4103/0973-6131.91702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yoga is a science practiced in India over thousands of years. It produces constituent physiological changes and has sound scientific basis. AIM Since exam stress modifies lipid profile and hematological parameters, we conducted an investigation on the effect of sudarshan kriya (SK and P) program on these parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood samples of 43 engineering students were collected at four intervals namely baseline (BL), exam stress (ES), three and six weeks practice of SK and P during exam stress. Lipid profile and hematological parameters were measured at all four intervals. RESULTS ES elevated total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels. Hematological parameters affected by ES included neutrophil, lymphocytes, platelet count, packed cell volume (PCV) and mean cell volume (MCV). Three and six weeks practice of SK and P reduced the elevated lipid profile, hematological parameters and improved lymphocyte levels. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that SK and P practice has the potential to overcome ES by improving lipid profile and hematological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapna Subramanian
- Department of Medical Research, SRM Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
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