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Mohamed RA, Taref NN, Osman NE, Keshta NHA, Alboghdady MA, Marzouk MM, Almowafy AA, Fadel EA. Effect of web-based health education on nursing students' knowledge, adaptive healthy measures and attitudes regarding polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:479. [PMID: 39010089 PMCID: PMC11247781 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-02015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, and it has emerged as a significant global public health issue. This study aimed to investigate the effects of web-based health education on nursing students' knowledge, adaptive healthy measures, and attitudes toward PCOS. METHODS A two-group randomized controlled trial (RCT) with pre-test and immediate post-test assessments was conducted. Study participants were recruited using a simple random sampling method from the Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Egypt. A questionnaire consisting of six sections was developed to collect data, which was analyzed with the SPSS 23.0 using Student's t-test, Pearson's correlation test, and chi-square test analysis of variance. RESULTS The analysis revealed a significant increase in knowledge scores post-intervention, with the web-based learning groups (32.2 ± 10.5) outperforming the traditional learning group (22.1 ± 10.2), with (p < 0.05). Similarly, there was a notable improvement in adaptive healthy measures scores post-intervention, with the web-based learning group (8.9 ± 2.4) showing better results than the traditional group (6.5 ± 2.9), with (p < 0.05). In terms of attitudes toward PCOS, the web-based group (18.2 ± 4.9) displayed a significant improvement compared to the traditional group (11.7 ± 5.2), with (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that web-based learning is more effective than traditional methods in enhancing nursing students' knowledge, adaptive healthy measures, and attitudes toward PCOS. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered by Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: (NCT06192381|| https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov/ ) on 5-1-2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha A Mohamed
- Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nagwa N Taref
- Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nehmedo E Osman
- Woman's Health and Midwifery Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nawal Hamdy Ahmed Keshta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Girls Branch, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Alboghdady
- Obstetrics and gynecology at ART unit, International Islamic institute Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marzouk M Marzouk
- Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Abeer A Almowafy
- International Islamic Center for Population Studies and Research, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Eman A Fadel
- Woman's Health and Midwifery Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Gao Z, Chee CS, Omar Dev RD, Gao J. Comprehensive analysis of college students' autonomous fitness behavior-a narrative review. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1406810. [PMID: 38835705 PMCID: PMC11148380 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1406810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the physical health of college students is increasingly receiving attention, their autonomous fitness behavior has not been thoroughly investigated. This narrative review conducted a comprehensive literature search through databases such as PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), reviewing studies published up to December 2023. We explored the constructs of autonomy, fitness behavior, and agency, and discussed their integration within the autonomous fitness model. Our findings indicate a lack of comprehensive studies exploring the multifaceted factors influencing autonomous fitness behaviors. Future research should strive to deepen conceptual understanding and further explore the complex dynamics of the transition from autonomy to persistence, employing technological and interdisciplinary methodological perspectives to enhance understanding and promote sustainable fitness habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Gao
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Chen Soon Chee
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Roxana Dev Omar Dev
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Jianhong Gao
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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Heller S, Reichel JL, Mülder LM, Schäfer M, Schwab L, Werner AM, Letzel S, Rigotti T, Dietz P. The association between health behaviours and academic performance moderated by trait mindfulness amongst university students: an observational study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1340235. [PMID: 38706542 PMCID: PMC11066253 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1340235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To target health communication at less health-conscious groups, evidence on health behaviours' effects on non-health-related outcomes - such as academic performance - is necessary. Recent research has highlighted the associations of various health behaviours on academic performance of university students. However, there is a lack of research investigating the most predominant health behaviours simultaneously and their association with academic performance, as well as the factors that potentially influence the direction or strength of these associations. Therefore, this study investigated (I) which of the predominant health behaviours (physical activity, healthy diet, sleep, sedentary behaviour, alcohol consumption, smoking, drug use) are most associated with academic performance and (II) whether the personal resource of trait mindfulness moderates these associations. Methods An online survey was conducted amongst university students during the 2021 summer semester. Group differences in academic performance regarding health behaviours were analysed using ANOVA (N = 1,049). A first linear regression model (N = 571), considering all selected health behaviours simultaneously, assessed their association with academic performance. A second model (N = 540) assessed interaction effects of health behaviours and trait mindfulness. Separate regressions assessed each interaction's association with academic performance. Results Sleep, fruit and vegetable consumption, and gender were significantly associated with academic performance. The second model showed no significant interaction effects. Conclusion Targeting sleep and fruit and vegetable consumption might be the most promising strategies for elevating students' academic performance, thereby enabling health communication strategies to reach groups driven by performance improvements rather than health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Heller
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jennifer L. Reichel
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lina M. Mülder
- Business Psychology and Human Resources, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Markus Schäfer
- Department of Communication, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lisa Schwab
- Department of Sports Medicine, Rehabilitation and Disease Prevention, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Antonia M. Werner
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Letzel
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Rigotti
- Department of Work, Organizational, and Business Psychology, Institute for Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Pavel Dietz
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Betancourt JL, Alderson RM, Roberts DK, Bullard CC. Self-esteem in children and adolescents with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev 2024; 108:102394. [PMID: 38286088 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Meta-analytic methods were used to examine global and domain-specific (i.e., academic, social, behavioral) self-esteem in children and adolescents with and without ADHD. Potential moderators of effect size heterogeneity were also examined via meta-regressions within a three-level approach. Findings from 49 aggregated global self-esteem effect sizes (ADHDN = 2500, TDN = 9448), 12 academic self-esteem effect sizes (ADHDN = 386, TDN = 315), 11 social self-esteem effect sizes (ADHDN = 258, TDN = 254), and 8 behavioral self-esteem effect sizes (ADHDN = 231, TDN = 211) suggest that children and adolescents with ADHD experience moderate global (ES = 0.46, p < .001), academic (ES = 0.60, p = .009), and social (ES = 0.67, p = .001) self-esteem impairments compared to children and adolescents without the disorder. The aggregated behavioral self-esteem effect size (ES = 0.20, p = .54), however, was not significant, and the global self-esteem effect size was markedly smaller compared to effect sizes for the academic and social domains. Further, examination of potential moderators of effect size heterogeneity indicated null effects for medication status, diagnostic complexity, informant, age, sex, comorbid psychopathology, and self-esteem dimension. Collectively, findings suggest that children and adolescents with ADHD do not hold a ubiquitous negative self-perception of difficulties across academic, social, and behavioral domains of functioning, and unexamined domains that are distal to ADHD may serve to bolster global self-esteem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R Matt Alderson
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Delanie K Roberts
- Department of Psychology, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caitlin C Bullard
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
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F. Alves R. The relationship between health-related knowledge and attitudes and health risk behaviours among Portuguese university students. Glob Health Promot 2024; 31:36-44. [PMID: 37715622 PMCID: PMC11015703 DOI: 10.1177/17579759231195561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Scientific evidence reveals a high prevalence of health risk behaviour among university students. This calls for the creation of educational programmes that promote more knowledge about health. However, knowledge alone is not enough to change behaviours; other factors should be considered, including attitudes towards health. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to analyse the relationship between knowledge, attitudes and health risk behaviours among university students. For this, a previously validated self-report questionnaire was applied to a stratified sample of 840 students, by year of study (first- and third-year students) and their scientific area. In addition to sociodemographic issues, the questionnaire contains a health-related knowledge scale, an attitudes towards health scale, and questions about health risk behaviours. Students displayed poor knowledge about health, correctly answering 17.77 (SD = 4.59) questions out of a total of 36, and moderate scores concerning attitudes towards health (M = 2.61, SD = 0.48, range: 1-5). Students reported always engaging in, on average, 3.88 (SD = 1.45) of the seven behaviours subject to the analysis. Mediation analyses indicated that knowledge about health and attitudes towards health were statistically significant predictors of risky behaviours. Furthermore, it was indicated that attitudes towards health have a mediating effect between health knowledge and health risk behaviours. Findings from this study indicate that public health and education policies should promote healthy behaviours among university students, taking into account not only the level of knowledge but essentially the development of positive attitudes when facing behaviours which put health at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina F. Alves
- CIEC – Research Centre Child Studies, Institute of Education – University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Reuter M, Diehl K, Richter M, Sundmacher L, Hövener C, Spallek J, Dragano N. A longitudinal analysis of health inequalities from adolescence to young adulthood and their underlying causes. ADVANCES IN LIFE COURSE RESEARCH 2024; 59:100593. [PMID: 38340523 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2024.100593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Research suggests that children of low-educated parents face greater health burdens during the passage from adolescence to young adulthood, as they are more likely to become low-educated themselves, establish behavioural and psychosocial disadvantages, or being exposed to unhealthy working conditions. However, studies examining the development and drivers of health inequalities during this particular life stage are limited in number and have produced varied results. This study investigates trajectories of self-rated health and overweight from 14 to 25 years of age, stratified by parental education, and explores the role of potential mediators (educational achievement, health behaviours, psychosocial factors, working conditions). We rely on prospective cohort data from the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), a representative sample of 14,981 German ninth graders interviewed yearly from 2011 to 2021 (n = 90,096 person-years). First, we estimated random-effects growth curves for self-rated health and overweight over participants' age and calculated the average marginal effect of high versus low parental education. Second, a series of simulation-based mediation analyses were performed to test how much of health inequalities were explained by children's educational attainment (years of school education, years in university), health behaviours (smoking, alcohol, physical inactivity), psychosocial factors (number of grade repetitions, years in unemployment, chronic stress, self-esteem) and working conditions (physical and psychosocial job demands). We accounted for potential confounding by controlling for age, sex, migration background, residential area, household composition, and interview mode. Results show that higher parental education was related to higher self-rated health and lower probabilities of being overweight. Interaction between parental education and age indicated that, after some equalisation in late adolescence, health inequalities increased in young adulthood. Furthermore, educational attainment, health behaviours, psychosocial factors, and early-career working conditions played a significant role in mediating health inequalities. Of the variables examined, the level of school education and years spent in university were particular strong mediating factors. School education accounted for around one-third of the inequalities in self-rated health and one-fifth of the differences in overweight among individuals. Results support the idea that the transition to adulthood is a sensitive period in life and that early socio-economic adversity increases the likelihood to accumulate health disadvantages in multiple dimensions. In Germany, a country with comparatively low educational mobility, intergenerational continuities in class location seem to play a key role in the explanation of health inequalities in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Reuter
- Junior Professorship for Sociology, esp. Work and Health, Department of Sociology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany.
| | - Katharina Diehl
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Richter
- Chair for Social Determinants of Health, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Leonie Sundmacher
- Chair of Health Economics, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Hövener
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jacob Spallek
- Department of Public Health, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Nico Dragano
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Armas AJM, Aranda JAE, Arcos HS, Arellano FL, Arguelles CBL, Arreza AMM, Arriza MAG, Ascan CKA, Torres GCS. Assessing Dietary Salt Intake and Pilot-Testing a Home-Based Intervention to Lower Salt Intake Among Filipino College Students. J Community Health Nurs 2024; 41:57-72. [PMID: 37943282 DOI: 10.1080/07370016.2023.2277839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the knowledge, attitude, and behaviors related to dietary salt intake and develop a home-based intervention that helps lower salt intake among Filipino college students. DESIGN Two-phase program development study utilizing descriptive and quasi-experimental design. METHODS Phase 1 determined the knowledge, attitude, and behaviors alongside the frequency of dietary salt intake of a consecutive sample (n = 118). Phase 2 involved the development and pilot-testing of a home-based intervention wherein a random sample (n = 35) selected from Phase 1 joined for pilot-testing. The study was conducted from October - November 2021 and utilized valid and reliable measures to test the knowledge, attitude, and behavior of the participants. FINDINGS Initial assessment showed knowledge regarding health risks of high salt intake and positive attitude toward health-promoting behaviors. Post-intervention showed improvement in attitude (p = 0.0004) and behavior (p = 0.001) related to dietary salt intake alongside health literacy (p = 0.036). There was no significant change in knowledge (p = 0.054). CONCLUSION The home-based intervention involving the use of health education materials is successful in improving dietary salt intake patterns. CLINICAL EVIDENCE Community health nurses may utilize home-based interventions to help develop health-promoting behaviors among young adults.
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Krendl AC, Perry BL. Stigma Toward Substance Dependence: Causes, Consequences, and Potential Interventions. Psychol Sci Public Interest 2023; 24:90-126. [PMID: 37883667 DOI: 10.1177/15291006231198193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Substance dependence is a prevalent and urgent public health problem. In 2021, 60 million Americans reported abusing alcohol within the month prior to being surveyed, and nearly 20 million Americans reported using illegal drugs (e.g., heroin) or prescription drugs (e.g., opioids) for nonmedical reasons in the year before. Drug-involved overdose rates have been steadily increasing over the past 20 years. This increase has been primarily driven by opioid and stimulant use. Despite its prevalence, drug dependence is one of the most stigmatized health conditions. Stigma has myriad negative consequences for its targets, including limiting their access to employment and housing, disrupting interpersonal relationships, harming physical and mental health, and reducing help-seeking. However, because research on stigma toward people with substance use disorders (SUDs) is relatively sparse compared with research on stigma toward other mental illnesses, the field lacks a comprehensive understanding of the causes and consequences of SUD stigma. Moreover, it remains unclear how, if at all, these factors differ from other types of mental illness stigma. The goal of this review is to take stock of the literature on SUD stigma, providing a clear set of foundational principles and a blueprint for future research and translational activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Krendl
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington
| | - Brea L Perry
- Department of Sociology, Indiana University Bloomington
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Comacchio C, Cesco M, Martinelli R, Garzitto M, Bianchi R, Innocente N, Sozio E, Tascini C, Balestrieri M, Colizzi M. Psychological factors associated with vaccination hesitancy: an observational study of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in a later phase of the pandemic in Italy. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1272959. [PMID: 37928916 PMCID: PMC10622775 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1272959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 has been used to reduce the severity of COVID-19 disease and the incidence of new cases. However, a significant proportion of people have shown vaccination hesitancy. Methods This study explored psychological factors related to vaccination hesitancy in a sample of Italian COVID-19 patients (N = 54), hospitalized during 2021, after vaccines had been made available and while the vaccination campaign was on-going. Consecutive patients, aged 18 or older, admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of COVID-19 were assessed with a set of standardized measures. Results In our sample, 48.1% was not vaccinated and 7.4% died within 6months after hospitalization, with a preponderance of deaths among non-vaccinated patients. Non-vaccinated participants had higher resilience scores at the CD-RISC-10 scale than vaccinated ones (33.6 ± 5.50 vs 28.6 ± 6.61; t40.2=+ 2.94, p = 0.005). No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups for any other measures. Discussion Higher levels of resilience among non-vaccinated patients may reflect greater identity worth and self-esteem, in turn resulting in a decrease in vaccination likelihood. This finding may have important public health implications, as it indicates that specific psychological aspects, such as resilience, may result in vaccination hesitancy, with implications for hospitalization rates, and thus healthcare costs, as well as loss of lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Comacchio
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Maddalena Cesco
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Rosita Martinelli
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Marco Garzitto
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Rita Bianchi
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Nicola Innocente
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Emanuela Sozio
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Carlo Tascini
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Matteo Balestrieri
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Marco Colizzi
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Winarsunu T, Iswari Azizaha BS, Fasikha SS, Anwar Z. Life skills training: Can it increases self esteem and reduces student anxiety? Heliyon 2023; 9:e15232. [PMID: 37095906 PMCID: PMC10121462 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Students are always required to have good self-esteem. Still, psychological problems, such as excessive anxiety, will cause discomfort and distress, avoid social situations, and interfere with daily life, made them feel worthless. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of self-esteem on anxiety through life skills training. The research subjects were 14 students divided into two groups, namely the experimental group and the control group. The measurement uses a self-esteem scale and an anxiety scale. Data analysis used non-parametric analysis, namely Mann Whitney, Wilcoxon, and Spearman's Rank Correlation Test. The results of this study indicate a significant decrease in anxiety with increased self-esteem using life skills training for students.
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Ren K, Chen X, Zhang Y, Sun F, Peng F. Physical activity and academic procrastination in Chinese college students: The serial mediating roles of physical self-perceptions and self-esteem. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1083520. [PMID: 36968739 PMCID: PMC10036385 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1083520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that physical activity (PA) is negatively associated with academic procrastination. However, there is limited research on the mechanism underlying this relationship. This study aims to explore the relationship between PA and academic procrastination by investigating the roles of physical self-perceptions and self-esteem. 916 college students (650 females; Mean age = 19.11, SD age = 1.04) participated in the study. Participants completed the Physical Activity Rating Scale-3, the Physical Self-Perceptions Profile, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Academic Procrastination Questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, and mediating effect analysis were carried out using SPSS 25.0. The results showed that (a) PA, physical self-perceptions, and self-esteem were negatively correlated with academic procrastination, (b) self-esteem mediated the association between PA and academic procrastination, and (c) physical self-perceptions and self-esteem sequentially mediated the association between PA and academic procrastination. These findings have deepened our understanding on the relationship between PA and academic procrastination, highlighting important approaches to deal with academic procrastination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ren
- College of Physical Education and Health Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Xing Chen
- College of Physical Education and Health Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yanni Zhang
- College of Physical Education and Health Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Fang Sun
- College of Physical Education, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fan Peng
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Fan Peng,
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Fuentes A PMDC, Jiménez Tapia A, Ruiz-Cortés EM, Bolaños-Ceballos F, Flores Castro JC, Gutiérrez R, González-Forteza C. Effectiveness of a Mobile App to Increase Risk Perception of Tobacco, Alcohol, and Marijuana Use in Mexican High School Students: Quantitative Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2023; 11:e37873. [PMID: 36892918 PMCID: PMC10037168 DOI: 10.2196/37873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young people have the highest rate of drug use worldwide. Recent data from Mexico in this population show that the prevalence of illicit drug use doubled between 2011 and 2016 (2.9%-6.2%), with marijuana being the one with the highest increase (2.4%-5.3%), but also point out that alcohol and tobacco use have remained steady or decreased. Mexican adolescents are at high risk for drug use owing to a low perception of risk and the availability of drugs. Adolescence is an ideal period to reduce or prevent risky behaviors using evidence-based strategies. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to test the short-term effectiveness of a mobile intervention app ("What Happens if you Go Too Far?" ["¿Qué pasa si te pasas?"]) that seeks to increase risk perception of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use in a sample of Mexican high school students. METHODS A nonexperimental evaluation based on pretest-posttest design was used to measure the effectiveness of a preventive intervention using a mobile app, "What Happens If You Go Too Far?" The dimensions analyzed were knowledge of drugs and their effects, life skills, self-esteem, and risk perception. The intervention was conducted on a high school campus with 356 first-year students. RESULTS The sample included 359 first-year high school students (mean 15, SD 0.588 years; women: 224/359, 62.4% men: 135/359, 37.6%). The intervention increased the overall risk perception of tobacco (χ24=21.6; P<.001) and alcohol use (χ24=15.3; P<.001). There was no significant difference in the perception that it is dangerous to smoke 5 cigarettes, and there was a marginal difference in the perception that it is very dangerous to smoke 1 cigarette or to use alcohol or marijuana. We used a generalized estimating equation method to determine the impact of the variables on risk perception. The results showed that knowledge about smoking increased the risk perception of smoking 1 cigarette (odds ratio [OR] 1.1065, 95% CI 1.013-1.120; P=.01), and that knowledge about marijuana use (OR 1.109, 95% CI 1.138-1.185; P=.002) and self-esteem (OR 1.102, 95% CI 1.007-1.206; P=.04) produced significant increases in the risk perception of consuming 5 cigarettes. Resistance to peer pressure and assertiveness also increased the perceived risk of using tobacco and alcohol. CONCLUSIONS The intervention has the potential to increase the perception of risk toward drug use in high school students by providing knowledge about the effects and psychosocial risks of drug use and by strengthening life skills that are associated with increased risk perception. The use of mobile technologies in intervention processes may broaden the scope of preventive work for adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Jiménez Tapia
- Direction of Epidemiological and Psychosocial Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eunice M Ruiz-Cortés
- Direction of Epidemiological and Psychosocial Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Rafael Gutiérrez
- Direction of Epidemiological and Psychosocial Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Catalina González-Forteza
- Direction of Epidemiological and Psychosocial Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
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Stuppy A, Smith RW. Self-esteem influences the willingness to engage in COVID-19 prevention behavior and persuasion efficacy. Soc Sci Med 2023; 320:115715. [PMID: 36716697 PMCID: PMC9862665 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Behaviors such as hand-washing and vaccination save human lives during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. Yet, people differ widely in their willingness to engage in them. This investigation examines whether people's willingness to protect themselves physically from contracting coronavirus depends on their self-esteem. Based on self-verification theory, we propose that people who hold negative self-views are less motivated to protect their health which reduces their willingness to engage in recommended preventive measures such as mask-wearing and social-distancing. OBJECTIVE We set out to test (i) whether self-esteem predicts people's willingness to engage in COVID-19 prevention behaviors, (ii) whether this relationship is due to variance in motivation to protect one's health (as well as alternative mechanisms), and (iii) whether health messages can more successfully persuade low self-esteem people to follow preventive measures by framing those behaviors around protecting the health of others (vs. oneself). METHODS Four studies were conducted with U.S. and German residents. In Study 1, we examine the association between self-esteem, willingness to engage in self-protection behavior, health motivation, and several alternative accounts. In Study 2, we manipulate state self-esteem, and in Studies 3 and 4, we vary the target of COVID-19 prevention behaviors (self vs. other). RESULTS People with chronic or temporarily induced low self-esteem report a lower willingness to engage in COVID-19 prevention behaviors because they lack motivation to protect their health. Varying the protection target of preventive behaviors (self vs. others) interacts with self-esteem: Low self-esteem people are more willing to follow preventive measures (e.g., vaccination) when they are framed as protecting others (vs. oneself). CONCLUSIONS Self-esteem impacts people's behavior during a global pandemic and needs to be considered when designing health communications. Public health messages can increase compliance among individuals with lower self-esteem by framing prevention behaviors as a way to protect the health of others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Stuppy
- Department of Marketing, Tilburg School of Economics and Management, Tilburg University, Warandelaan 2, 5037 AB, Tilburg, the Netherlands.
| | - Robert W Smith
- Department of Marketing, Tilburg School of Economics and Management, Tilburg University, Warandelaan 2, 5037 AB, Tilburg, the Netherlands
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Józefacka NM, Podstawski R, Potoczny W, Pomianowski A, Kołek MF, Wrona S, Guzowski K. The Importance of Resilience and Level of Anxiety in the Process of Making a Decision about SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:999. [PMID: 36673755 PMCID: PMC9859589 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20020999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
People's opinions on immunization are diverse. Despite the constant improvement of vaccine formulas, the number of people reluctant to immunize is not decreasing. The purpose of our study is to assess the psychological determinants of immunization reluctance in depth. We measured levels of anxiety (death-related and general), fear of COVID-19, self-esteem and resilience among 342 adults. We found that the level of COVID-19 related fear is higher among the vaccinated population, despite general anxiety levels being lower. Surprisingly we didn't find significant differences in resilience and self-esteem levels. Findings are concurrent with previous research-COVID-19 related fear level is higher among vaccinated people. Resilience and self-esteem are defined as stable, trait-like constructs, and thus may not manifest higher levels in very specific pandemic situations, although they may lower the levels of general anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Maja Józefacka
- Institute of Psychology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland
| | - Robert Podstawski
- Department of Tourism, Recreation and Ecology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Wiktor Potoczny
- Institute of Psychology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pomianowski
- Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Sylwia Wrona
- Faculty of Arts and Educational Science, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Bankowa 12, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Konrad Guzowski
- Students Scientific Club ControlUP, Institute of Psychology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland
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15
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Childhood parental companionship, self-esteem and prosocial behavior in college students: A correlation analysis. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2023; 43:87-91. [PMID: 37032021 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to evaluate the correlation of Childhood parental companionship, self-esteem and prosocial behavior in college students. METHODS We conducted a survey to assess the childhood parental companionship, self-esteem and prosocial behavior in our college from November 1, 2021 to December 15, 2021. The parental companionship status questionnaire, Self-Esteem Scale (SES) and prosocial behavior questionnaire were used for survey. Pearson linear correlation analysis was used for evaluating the correlation of childhood parental companionship, self-esteem and prosocial behavior in college students. The Bootstrap method was used to test the potentially mediating effect. RESULTS A total of 2186 college students were included. The average total companionship score was (60.52 ± 5.17), the average self-esteem scale score was (27.15 ± 8.56), the prosocial behavior questionnaire score was (61.19 ± 15.04). Pearson correlation analysis indicated that childhood parental companionship was positively correlated with self-esteem (r = 0.679) and prosocial behavior(r = 0.679) in included college students (all P < 0.05). Self-esteem had mediating effect on parental companionship and prosocial behavior of included college students, its mediating effect was -0.445, accounting for 77.92 % of the total effect. CONCLUSIONS Childhood parental companionship is positively correlated with self-esteem and prosocial behavior, and self-esteem play a mediating role in the parental companionship and prosocial behavior of college students.
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16
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Li J. EFFECTS OF BALANCED DIET ASSOCIATED WITH SPORTS ON THE HEALTH OF OBESE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction The student, when entering university, is subject to new cycles and major changes in his routine, which includes exercise and nutritious habits. Objective Explore the effect of a balanced diet and physical exercise on the health of university students. Methods Through literature studies, a questionnaire was developed where the physical condition, nutritional habits, dietary structure, and exercise practice of obese college students were investigated and analyzed. Results The BMI index of those investigated exceeded the standard limit of BMI > 25. The longer the time of physical exercise, the more evident the difference between male and female students in terms of physical endurance factor. The body weight, BMI, and body fat index of both groups showed a downward trend after the intervention. Six weeks of aerobic exercise combined with a proper diet can significantly improve body mass index, body mass index, and physiological and biochemical indices of obese college students. Conclusion Balanced diet and exercise positively affect the health of obese college students. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
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A balancing act-finding one´s way to health and well-being: A qualitative analysis of interviews with Swedish university students on lifestyle and behavior change. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275848. [PMID: 36227904 PMCID: PMC9560508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors such as unhealthy diets, low physical activity levels, smoking, and harmful alcohol consumption are common in student populations, which constitute a large group of young adults. As unhealthy lifestyle behaviors are associated with future disease and premature mortality, most commonly from cardiovascular disease and cancers, it is from a public health perspective important to understand such behaviors in young adult populations. The objective of this study was to investigate university students' experiences of health, health-related behaviors, and the barriers and facilitators for behavior change in terms of health promotion in everyday life. MATERIALS AND METHODS This qualitative study was conducted at a middle-sized university in Sweden. Students represented different faculties and were recruited via non-probability convenience sampling using means such as the snowball technique and social media. The 21 interviews with 24 students, individually or in groups, were transcribed verbatim prior to a qualitative analysis inspired by phenomenological hermeneutics. RESULTS Our interviews showed that university student life is associated with new health-related challenges, for example study-related stress and procrastination implies a lack of energy to engage in healthy routines such as physical activity, and a limited budget affects food choices. While adapting to a new context, students explore personal strategies such as taking on changes in manageable steps, seeking social support, and avoiding disturbances to maintaining health and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Experiences of health while becoming and being a university student can be described as a transition-a balancing act of walking a slack line-during which students seek to manage a healthy balance. In the past, interventions have to some extent been designed to address university students' behaviors; however, our study aids an understanding of their needs. Future interventions should highlight the transitions they are experiencing and the challenges of student life.
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Psychological Factors and Sexual Risk Behaviors: A Multidimensional Model Based on the Chilean Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159293. [PMID: 35954656 PMCID: PMC9367853 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a global health problem, with sexual risk behaviors (SRB) being the main routes of spreading the virus. Evidence indicates that different psychological factors influence SRB (e.g., attitude towards condoms, sexual self-concept, sexual sensation seeking, knowledge of sexual risk behaviors, risk perception). This study proposes an explanatory model of sexual risk behaviors in young people and adults. The sample consisted of 992 young people and adults aged between 18 and 35 years. The model presented good levels of fit (X2 = 3311.433, df = 1471, CFI = 0.964, TLI = 0.959, RMSEA = 0.036), explaining 56% of the variance of sexual activity with multiple partners, 77% of the inadequate use of protective barriers, and 58.8% of sexual activity under the influence of alcohol or drugs from a set of psychological factors in self-report measures. The details of the results offer novel contextual evidence for the prioritization of prevention-oriented psychosocial interventions.
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Ersöğütçü F, Kargin M. The relationship between self-esteem and alexithymia in individuals with substance use disorders. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2022.2098840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Ersöğütçü
- Faculty of Health Science Nursing Department, Firat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Maral Kargin
- Faculty of Health Science Nursing Department, Cyprus Science University, Kyrenia, Cyprus
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20
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Hsien-Cheng Xian Zheng L. Roles of self-esteem and socioeconomic status in COVID-19 preventive behaviors. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03326-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Garbus P, González-Forteza C, Cano M, Jiménez A, Juárez-Loya A, Wagner FA. Suicidal behavior in Mexican adolescents: A test of a latent class model using two independent probability samples. Prev Med 2022; 157:106984. [PMID: 35176327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.106984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Suicidal behavior is a serious health issue that affects the adolescent population and that may be prevented through evidence-based approaches. There are many risk factors involved in suicidal behavior, but there are few studies encompassing the complex relationships between them. This study tested the similarity between two latent class models from two different epidemiological samples of middle-school students and evaluated if the multinomial regression model replicated the associations between the classes and the psychosocial variables. Data of 4013 adolescents from the Mexican states of Campeche and Querétaro were included in LCA to characterize suicide behavior and associated factors. The most likely latent class membership was used as the outcome in multinomial regression models. The model with data from Querétaro was consistent with the previous LC model from Campeche. The four latent classes were nearly identical for both populations and can be defined as follows: 1) "No Problems," included 73% of the adolescents; 2) "Drug Use Only," comprised 7% of the adolescents; 3) "Suicidal Behavior, No Depression," captured 8% of the adolescents (25% reported binge drinking in the past month, 50% self-inflicted injuries, and 43% low-lethality suicide attempt); 4) "Depression and Suicidal Behavior," comprised 12% of the sample (66% met criteria for Major Depressive Episode, 28% reported binge drinking in the past month, and 11% had a high-lethality suicide attempt). The congruence between the models and the consistency with identified factors highlight the need for appropriate and effective prevention strategies to minimize risk factors and reinforce protective factors in the adolescent population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Garbus
- Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Catalina González-Forteza
- National Institute of Psychiatry, Epidemiology and Psychosocial Research Branch, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Manuel Cano
- Department of Social Work, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Alberto Jiménez
- National Institute of Psychiatry, Epidemiology and Psychosocial Research Branch, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angélica Juárez-Loya
- Clinical and Health Psychology Department, Psychology Faculty, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico (UNAM), Mexico
| | - Fernando A Wagner
- School of Social Work, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
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22
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Zheng Y. CLINICAL EFFECT OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON DISEASE PREVENTION IN COLLEGE STUDENTS. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202228012021_0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: College students face increasing pressure in all aspects of study and life. They urgently need a way to relieve stress. Physical exercise is the best choice for college students to relieve stress. Objective: To explore the relationship between physical exercise and disease prevention in college students. Methods: The article conducts a logistic regression analysis of physical exercise in college students and analyzes the relationship between the physical exercise factors and the occurrence of physical diseases. Results: The incidence of disease in students participating in physical exercise is low. The prevalence of diabetes, obesity, and hyperlipidemia decreased with the increase of physical activity intensity. Conclusions: Diligently participation in physical exercises can help college students resist diseases. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies -investigation of treatment results.
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A transdiagnostic model of low self-esteem: pathway analysis in a heterogeneous clinical sample. Behav Cogn Psychother 2021; 50:171-186. [PMID: 34852861 DOI: 10.1017/s1352465821000485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low self-esteem (LSE) has been associated with several psychiatric disorders, and is presumably influenced by transdiagnostic factors. Our study was based both on investigations of the relationship between depression and LSE (vulnerability, scar, reciprocal models) and on theories of cognitive factors contributing to the development and maintenance of LSE, such as Melanie Fennell's model, the catalyst model and the Self-Regulatory Executive Function model. AIMS Based on the theories above, in our cross-sectional study we aimed at understanding more specifically the transdiagnostic factors that can maintain LSE in a heterogeneous clinical sample. METHOD Six hundred and eleven out-patients were assessed by SCID-I and self-report questionnaires. The model was tested by structural equation modelling. RESULTS Based on the fit indices, the hypothesis model did not fit the data; therefore, a modified transdiagnostic model was emerged. This model made a good fit to the data [χ2 (12, n=611)=76.471, p<.001; RMSEA=.080, CFI=.950, TLI=.913] with a strong explanatory power (adj R2=.636). Severe stressful life events and depressive symptoms lead to LSE indirectly. Self-blame, perfectionism, seeking love and hopelessness have been identified as mediating factors in the relationship between depressive symptoms and LSE. Although there was a significant correlation between state-anxiety and LSE, as well as LSE and rumination, these two factors did not fit into the model. CONCLUSIONS The new transdiagnostic model of LSE has great potential in the treatment of various mental conditions and may serve as a guide to developing more focused and more effective therapeutic interventions.
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Caqueo‐Urízar A, Mena‐Chamorro P, Atencio‐Quevedo D, Flores J, Urzúa A. Self‐esteem in adolescents with learning difficulties: A study from the perspective of the students, parents, and teachers. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricio Mena‐Chamorro
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco & Centro Justicia Educacional CJE Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago de Chile Chile
| | - Diego Atencio‐Quevedo
- Escuela de Psicología y Filosofía, Universidad de Tarapacá & Centro Justicia Educacional CJE Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago de Chile Chile
| | - Jerome Flores
- Escuela de Psicología y Filosofía, Universidad de Tarapacá & Centro Justicia Educacional CJE Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago de Chile Chile
| | - Alfonso Urzúa
- Escuela de Psicología Universidad Católica del Norte Antofagasta Chile
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Caricati L, Ferrari D. Association between coping strategies and drug use in a large cohort of students from a northern Italian University. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2021; 92:e2021267. [PMID: 34487061 PMCID: PMC8477103 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v92i4.11872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE WORK Illicit drug (ID) use/abuse represent a social and economic burden for most countries worldwide which, in spite of the efforts to prevent this phenomena, is often a growing habit especially in the young adults. Preventive measurements, are needed to reduce the adverse health and social consequences of ID use/abuse. METHODS This study investigated the relationship between coping strategies and ID use in students (N=12316) from the University of Parma, Italy. Information about the ID use in the past 12 months and coping strategies were collected with a cross-sectional research design using an online questionnaire. RESULTS More than 25% of the participants used ID in the past year; men were more likely to use drugs than female; the likelihood of using drugs was inversely related to age. The relationship between coping strategies and ID use was analyzed with a multilevel logistic model taking into account the within-department nested structure of data. Analysis revealed that transcendence-orientation and problem-orientation were associated with a reduction of the likelihood to have used drugs. Conversely, avoidance and positive attitude were associated with an increase of the likelihood to have used drugs. Finally, seeking social support revealed a positive but modest association with increasing in drug use. CONCLUSIONS The ID use association factors identified in this study could be utilized by the appropriate institutions/authorities as a critical review in order to develop relevant public health policies and preventive measures aimed at minimizing the use of ID in this critical age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Caricati
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences and Cultural Industries, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Davide Ferrari
- Department of Che-mistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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Problematic Internet Usage and Self-Esteem in Chinese Undergraduate Students: The Mediation Effects of Individual Affect and Relationship Satisfaction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18136949. [PMID: 34209642 PMCID: PMC8296993 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the mediating effects of individual affect and relationship satisfaction on the relationship between self-esteem and Problematic Internet Use (PIU). Affect was measured using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), relationship satisfaction was assessed using a positive and negative semantic dimension scale, self-esteem was measured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and PIU was measured using the Problematic Internet Use scale with a sample of 507 Chinese university students (Mage = 20.41 years, SD = 2.49). The relationships between the variables were tested using structural equation modelling with a multiple mediation model. The results revealed that negative affect and the negative semantic dimensions of relationship satisfaction mediated the relationship between self-esteem and PIU. The implications of the results and the study’s theoretical contributions are discussed.
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Tiaprapong K, Sirikul A, Krajangmek C, Duangthongkul N, Pandam N, Piya-amornphan N. Awareness of COVID-19 influences on the wellness of Thai health professional students: An ambulatory assessment during the early "new normal" informing policy. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252681. [PMID: 34125868 PMCID: PMC8202936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 global pandemic has had a socioeconomic effect, including many people suffering from stress and mental disorders. Health professional students are at risk of health issues as well when compared to their age-matched counterpart in the population. The present study aimed to find out the impact of COVID-19 awareness on the wellness of Thai health professional students. The awareness of COVID-19 and wellness among Thai health professional students, such as medical, physical therapy, nursing, pharmacy, and medical technology students were surveyed during the early “new normal” informing policy. The participants included 1,001 students, aged 17 to 25 years old, who responded to a Google form questionnaire set by request. The results showed that the prominent health risks among the Thai health professional students included sedentary behavior, obesity, and mental symptoms. A positive rating in attitude towards the COVID-19 epidemic was mostly observed. There was a negative influence on anxiety symptoms (standardized coefficient beta = -0.079, p-value = 0.012), but a positive impact on social well-being (standardized coefficient beta = 0.158, p-value < 0.001) and quality of life (standardized coefficient beta = 0.136, p-value < 0.001) among the students even when the situation was improving. To relieve the domino effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on students’ wellness, an updated policy for enhancing awareness and providing updated information is continuously required. Improvements on self and situational awareness may help prevent health risk behaviors and promote health among Thai health professional students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krueakaew Tiaprapong
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Achiraporn Sirikul
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Chamawee Krajangmek
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Namfon Duangthongkul
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Nichaya Pandam
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Nitita Piya-amornphan
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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Pittman DM, Rush CR, Litt S, Minges ML, Quayson AA. Psychological Distress as a Primer for Sexual Risk Taking Among Emerging Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH 2021; 33:371-384. [PMID: 38595742 PMCID: PMC10903698 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2021.1919950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Emerging adults experience increased morbidity as a result of psychological distress and risky sexual behavior. This study examines how sexual behaviors (e.g., condom use inconsistency and past year STI history) differ among emerging adults with low, moderate, and high psychological distress. Participants are 251,254 emerging adults attending colleges and universities in the United States who participated in the National College Health Assessment (NCHA). Findings suggest a dose-response relationship between psychological distress, condom use inconsistency, and past STI history, such that an association between greater psychological distress and condom use inconsistency and/or past year history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Delishia M. Pittman
- Graduate School of Education and Human Development, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Cassandra Riedy Rush
- Graduate School of Education and Human Development, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sarah Litt
- Graduate School of Education and Human Development, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Melanie L. Minges
- Graduate School of Education and Human Development, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alicia A. Quayson
- Graduate School of Education and Human Development, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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Arsandaux J, Galéra C, Salamon R. The association of self-esteem and psychosocial outcomes in young adults: a 10-year prospective study. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2021; 26:106-113. [PMID: 32400105 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigates the association between self-esteem assessed either in adolescence or in adulthood with adult academic and psychosocial outcomes. METHOD One hundred and thirty-one junior high school students were selected based on their experience of academic difficulty or success, and both groups were selected equally from regular or low-performing schools. Ten years later, 100 of these individuals participated in a follow-up assessment of academic, socioprofessional, and health-related outcomes. Logistic and linear regression models were performed to estimate the association of self-esteem (measured by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale) at baseline and at follow-up, as well as change in self-esteem categories (high vs. low) on all outcomes. RESULTS Fifty-four percent of adolescents were consistently high in self-esteem over the 10-year period, 17% experienced an improvement, 21% a decrease, and 8% stayed at a low level. Outcomes at follow-up were more consistently associated with young adult self-esteem than adolescent self-esteem. Self-esteem was associated with several outcomes (i.e., personal goals, life satisfaction, alcohol, and health outcomes) and its effects were different depending on the period considered and categories of self-esteem change. CONCLUSIONS The self-esteem difficulties which are common in adolescence raise concerns about their potential impact on important outcomes later in life. However, self-esteem difficulties in young adulthood were more associated with negative outcomes at this phase of life (whether low self-esteem persisted into adulthood, or emerged only during adulthood). Relative to outcomes in young adulthood, the period of greatest interest for improving well-being may be concentrated in the years immediately surrounding the studied outcomes. KEY PRACTITIONER MESSAGE Self-esteem change from adolescent to adulthood is associated with a large diversity of outcomes. Less is known concerning the extent to which adolescent self-esteem may independently determine outcomes in young adulthood as compared to more temporally proximal self-esteem levels. Only self-esteem difficulties in young adulthood were associated with negative outcomes at this phase of life (whether they persisted from adolescence into adulthood, or emerged for the first time during adulthood). Targeting self-esteem difficulties that are temporally proximal to the period of interest may improve mental health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Arsandaux
- Team HEALTHY, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cédric Galéra
- Team HEALTHY, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux, France.,Charles-Perrens Hospital Center, Bordeaux, France
| | - Réda Salamon
- Team HEALTHY, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux, France
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Lin HC, Chen CC. Disease Prevention Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Role of Self-Esteem: An Extended Parallel Process Model. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2021; 14:123-135. [PMID: 33603513 PMCID: PMC7882452 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s291300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The COVID-19 outbreak has become a serious public health problem worldwide. The purpose of this study was to use an extended parallel process model (EPPM) to understand factors in COVID-19 prevention behaviors. Methods This cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted on 1012 participants in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire and an online survey were used to collect data. Results The EPPM revealed that the severity of the COVID-19 threat perceived by respondents directly affected the arousal of fear in the respondents (β=0.268, t=9.007, p<0.001), but perceived efficacy did not (β=−0.019, t=−0.619, p>0.05); additionally, fear arousal was significantly associated with COVID-19 prevention behaviors (β=0.119, t=4.603, p<0.001). Regarding personal characteristics, self-esteem moderated the relationship between perceived threat and fear arousal. However, the moderating effect of self-esteem was stronger in people with low self-esteem compared to those with high self-esteem (β=0.606, −0.472; t=26.303, −17.694; p<0.001, p<0.001; respectively). The results of this study also indicated that two demographic characteristics (age and gender) affect COVID-19 prevention behaviors. Conclusion When developing healthcare policies and community interventions for improving COVID-19 prevention behaviors during an outbreak, healthcare administrators should carefully consider the main constructs of the EPPM, particularly personal characteristics (ie, self-esteem) and demographic characteristics (ie, age and gender).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Cheng Lin
- Business College, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chia-Chen Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Zhubei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Yang Y, Fletcher K, Murray G. A narrative review of cross-sectional and prospective associations between self-schemas and bipolar disorder. Clin Psychol Psychother 2021; 28:766-783. [PMID: 33386678 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The role of self-concept in bipolar disorder (BD) has not been well understood. The present review utilizes the notion of self-schema and interrogates existing research concerning evidence for cross-sectional and prospective associations between four schema-like constructs (i.e. trait self-esteem, dysfunctional beliefs concerning contingent self-worth, early maladaptive schemas and implicit self-esteem) and various facets of BD. Existing findings demonstrate various types of involvement of self-schemas in BD. Of particular clinical relevance, the present review suggests that low trait self-esteem and dysfunctional beliefs concerning contingent self-worth are risk factors for ongoing BD symptoms and mood episodes. The present review also yields important yet unaddressed questions with respect to the evaluative content of self-schemas associated with the hypo/manic phase of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Kathryn Fletcher
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Greg Murray
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
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Silva MND, Monteiro JCDS. Self-esteem assessment of young female university students according to race/skin color criteria. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2020; 28:e3362. [PMID: 33084772 PMCID: PMC7575243 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.3866.3362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: to evaluate and compare the self-esteem of young female university students
aged between 18 and 24 years old according to race/skin color criteria. Method: a cross-sectional and quantitative study, developed with 240 undergraduate
female students from a public Brazilian university. Data collection took
place online through a structured questionnaire that included the
participants’ sociodemographic and lifestyle habits, and the Rosenberg
Self-Esteem Scale. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, association
test, and comparison of means were used. Results: most of the young women had a mean level of self-esteem. No statistically
significant association was found among the “self-esteem level” and
“self-reported skin color or race” variables. Conclusion: although no significant association was identified between self-reported skin
color or race and level of self-esteem, young black women have lower mean
self-esteem scores than young non-black women. Strategies that strengthen
the self-esteem of young female university students are necessary to prevent
harms to their physical and mental health, and, consequently, to their
academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Nanaina da Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Cristina Dos Santos Monteiro
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre for Nursing Research Development, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Carlos M, Elena B, Teresa IM. Are Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, Emotional Eating, Alcohol Intake, and Anxiety Related in University Students in Spain? Nutrients 2020; 12:E2224. [PMID: 32722507 PMCID: PMC7468871 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has suggested that university students are at risk from certain unhealthy habits, such as poor diet or alcohol abuse. At the same time, anxiety levels appear to be higher among university students, which may lead to high levels of emotional eating. The aim of this study was to analyze the degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (AMD), emotional eating, alcohol intake, and anxiety among Spanish university students, and the interrelationship of these variables. A total of 252 university students filled out the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) questionnaire for Mediterranean diet adherence, an Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, a State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Emotional Eater Questionnaire. We analyzed descriptive data, a t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for differences, a Pearson correlation, and multiple regression tests. Results showed low levels of AMD among university students (15.5%) and considerable levels of emotional eating (29%) and anxiety (23.6%). However, levels of alcohol dependence were low (2.4%). State-anxiety was a predictor of the emotional eater score and its subscales, and sex also was predictive of subscale guilt and the total score. However, AMD was predicted only by trait-anxiety. These models accounted for between 1.9% and 19%. The results suggest the need for the implementation of educational programs to promote healthy habits among university students at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marchena Carlos
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernabéu Elena
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iglesias M. Teresa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
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