1
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Pandey RK, Mehrotra S. Engineering high affinity antigen-binders: Beyond conventional antibodies. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 140:37-57. [PMID: 38762275 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
For decades, antibodies have remained the archetypal binding proteins that can be rapidly produced with high affinity and specificity against virtually any target. A conventional antibody is still considered the prototype of a binding molecule. It is therefore not surprising that antibodies are routinely used in basic scientific and biomedical research, analytical workflows, molecular diagnostics etc. and represent the fastest growing sector in the field of biotechnology. However, several limitations associated with conventional antibodies, including stringent requirement of animal immunizations, mammalian cells for expression, issues on stability and aggregation, bulkier size and the overall time and cost of production has propelled evolution of concepts along alternative antigen binders. Rapidly evolving protein engineering approaches and high throughput screening platforms have further complemented the development of myriads of classes of non-conventional protein binders including antibody derived as well as non-antibody based molecular scaffolds. These non-canonical binders are finding use across disciplines of which diagnostics and therapeutics are the most noteworthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Kumar Pandey
- Research and Development-Protein Biology, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bangalore, India
| | - Sanjana Mehrotra
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
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2
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Kobpornchai P, Imwong M, Kulkeaw K. Trio fluorophore-based phenotypic assay for the detection of artemisinin-induced growth-arrested Plasmodium falciparum in human erythrocytes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1802. [PMID: 38245618 PMCID: PMC10799909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52414-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Artemisinin combination therapy remains effective for the treatment of falciparum malaria. However, Plasmodium falciparum can escape the effects of artemisinin by arresting their growth. The growth-arrested parasites cannot be distinguished from nonviable parasites with standard microscopy techniques due to their morphological similarities. Here, we demonstrated the efficacy of a new laboratory assay that is compatible with the artemisinin susceptibility test. As a result of the differential cell permeabilities of two DNA-binding fluorophores, growth-arrested P. falciparum can be distinguished from parasites killed by artemisinin, since the latter lose cell membrane permeability. This fluorescence-based assay increased the sensitivity and specificity of the ring survival assay in the assessment of artemisinin susceptibility. When combined with a third fluorophore-conjugated anti-human leukocyte antibody, this trio fluorophore assay became more useful in identifying growth-arrested parasites in mock human blood samples. This novel assay is a simple and rapid technique for monitoring artemisinin resistance with greater sensitivity and accuracy compared with morphology-based observations under a light microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Porntida Kobpornchai
- Siriraj Integrative Center for Neglected Parasitic Diseases, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
- Siriraj-Long Read Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Mallika Imwong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Kasem Kulkeaw
- Siriraj Integrative Center for Neglected Parasitic Diseases, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
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3
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Rimbault C, Breillat C, Compans B, Toulmé E, Vicente FN, Fernandez-Monreal M, Mascalchi P, Genuer C, Puente-Muñoz V, Gauthereau I, Hosy E, Claverol S, Giannone G, Chamma I, Mackereth CD, Poujol C, Choquet D, Sainlos M. Engineering paralog-specific PSD-95 recombinant binders as minimally interfering multimodal probes for advanced imaging techniques. eLife 2024; 13:e69620. [PMID: 38167295 PMCID: PMC10803022 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the constant advances in fluorescence imaging techniques, monitoring endogenous proteins still constitutes a major challenge in particular when considering dynamics studies or super-resolution imaging. We have recently evolved specific protein-based binders for PSD-95, the main postsynaptic scaffold proteins at excitatory synapses. Since the synthetic recombinant binders recognize epitopes not directly involved in the target protein activity, we consider them here as tools to develop endogenous PSD-95 imaging probes. After confirming their lack of impact on PSD-95 function, we validated their use as intrabody fluorescent probes. We further engineered the probes and demonstrated their usefulness in different super-resolution imaging modalities (STED, PALM, and DNA-PAINT) in both live and fixed neurons. Finally, we exploited the binders to enrich at the synapse genetically encoded calcium reporters. Overall, we demonstrate that these evolved binders constitute a robust and efficient platform to selectively target and monitor endogenous PSD-95 using various fluorescence imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Rimbault
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297BordeauxFrance
| | - Christelle Breillat
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297BordeauxFrance
| | - Benjamin Compans
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297BordeauxFrance
| | - Estelle Toulmé
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297BordeauxFrance
| | - Filipe Nunes Vicente
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297BordeauxFrance
| | - Monica Fernandez-Monreal
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4BordeauxFrance
| | - Patrice Mascalchi
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4BordeauxFrance
| | - Camille Genuer
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297BordeauxFrance
| | - Virginia Puente-Muñoz
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297BordeauxFrance
| | - Isabel Gauthereau
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297BordeauxFrance
| | - Eric Hosy
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297BordeauxFrance
| | | | - Gregory Giannone
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297BordeauxFrance
| | - Ingrid Chamma
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297BordeauxFrance
| | | | - Christel Poujol
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4BordeauxFrance
| | - Daniel Choquet
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297BordeauxFrance
| | - Matthieu Sainlos
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297BordeauxFrance
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4
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Huang L, Zhang C, Ye R, Yan B, Zhou X, Xu W, Guo J. Capacitive biosensors for label-free and ultrasensitive detection of biomarkers. Talanta 2024; 266:124951. [PMID: 37487266 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Capacitive biosensors are label-free capacitors that can detect biomarkers with the outstanding advantages of simplicity, low cost, and ultrahigh sensitivity. A typical capacitive biosensor consists of a bioreceptor and a transducer, where the bioreceptor captures the biomarker to form a bioreceptor/biomarker conjugate and the transducer generates a detectable signal. In general, antibodies, aptamers, or proteins are exploited as the bioreceptor, while various electrodes including carbon electrodes (CEs), gold electrodes (AuEs), or interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) may serve as the transducer. Because the formation of bioreceptor/biomarker conjugates often leads to a change in capacitance, the capacitive signal is then employed for biomarker detection. This review summarizes recent advances in capacitive biosensors for the detection of biomarkers over the last five years. With a focus on the three common types of bioreceptors, i.e., antibodies, aptamers, and proteins, capacitive biosensors using CEs, AuEs, and IDEs as the transducers are discussed in detail. The immobilization of bioreceptors and signal amplification strategies are described to provide a robust overview of capacitive biosensors for biomarker detection. In addition, analytical methods and future prospects are given to support the application of capacitive biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, China; School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, China
| | - Run Ye
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, China.
| | - Xiaojia Zhou
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, China.
| | - Wenbo Xu
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhong Guo
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Martin HL, Turner AL, Higgins J, Tang AA, Tiede C, Taylor T, Siripanthong S, Adams TL, Manfield IW, Bell SM, Morrison EE, Bond J, Trinh CH, Hurst CD, Knowles MA, Bayliss RW, Tomlinson DC. Affimer-mediated locking of p21-activated kinase 5 in an intermediate activation state results in kinase inhibition. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113184. [PMID: 37776520 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinases are important therapeutic targets, and their inhibitors are classified according to their mechanism of action, which range from blocking ATP binding to covalent inhibition. Here, a mechanism of inhibition is highlighted by capturing p21-activated kinase 5 (PAK5) in an intermediate state of activation using an Affimer reagent that binds in the P+1 pocket. PAK5 was identified from a non-hypothesis-driven high-content imaging RNAi screen in urothelial cancer cells. Silencing of PAK5 resulted in reduced cell number, G1/S arrest, and enlargement of cells, suggesting it to be important in urothelial cancer cell line survival and proliferation. Affimer reagents were isolated to identify mechanisms of inhibition. The Affimer PAK5-Af17 recapitulated the phenotype seen with siRNA. Co-crystallization revealed that PAK5-Af17 bound in the P+1 pocket of PAK5, locking the kinase into a partial activation state. This mechanism of inhibition indicates that another class of kinase inhibitors is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Martin
- BioScreening Technology Group, Leeds Institutes of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Amy L Turner
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Julie Higgins
- BioScreening Technology Group, Leeds Institutes of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Anna A Tang
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Christian Tiede
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Thomas Taylor
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sitthinon Siripanthong
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Thomas L Adams
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Iain W Manfield
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Sandra M Bell
- BioScreening Technology Group, Leeds Institutes of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Ewan E Morrison
- BioScreening Technology Group, Leeds Institutes of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Jacquelyn Bond
- BioScreening Technology Group, Leeds Institutes of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Chi H Trinh
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Carolyn D Hurst
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Margaret A Knowles
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Richard W Bayliss
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Darren C Tomlinson
- BioScreening Technology Group, Leeds Institutes of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; Astbury Centre for Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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6
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Morath V, Brandt C, Deuschle FC, Mendler CT, Blechert B, Summer D, Barinka C, Decristoforo C, Weber WA, Schwaiger M, Skerra A. Molecular Design of 68Ga- and 89Zr-Labeled Anticalin Radioligands for PET-Imaging of PSMA-Positive Tumors. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:2490-2501. [PMID: 37068305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c01066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Anticalin proteins directed against the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), optionally having tailored plasma half-life using PASylation technology, show promise as radioligands for PET-imaging of xenograft tumors in mice. To investigate their suitability, the short-circulating unmodified Anticalin was labeled with 68Ga (τ1/2 = 68 min), using the NODAGA chelator, whereas the half-life extended PASylated Anticalin was labeled with 89Zr (τ1/2 = 78 h), using either the linear chelator deferoxamine (Dfo) or a cyclic derivative, fusarinine C (FsC). Different PSMA targeting Anticalin versions (optionally carrying the PASylation sequence) were produced carrying a single exposed N- or C-terminal Cys residue and site-specifically conjugated with the different radiochelators via maleimide chemistry. These protein conjugates were labeled with radioisotopes having distinct physical half-lives and, subsequently, applied for PET-imaging of subcutaneous LNCaP xenograft tumors in CB17 SCID mice. Uptake of the protein tracers into tumor versus healthy tissues was assessed by segmentation of PET data as well as biodistribution analyses. PET-imaging with both the 68Ga-labeled plain Anticalin and the 89Zr-labeled PASylated Anticalin allowed clear delineation of the xenograft tumor. The radioligand A3A5.1-PAS(200)-FsC·89Zr, having an extended plasma half-life, led to a higher tumor uptake 24 h p.i. compared to the 68Ga·NODAGA-Anticalin imaged 60 min p.i. (2.5% ID/g vs 1.2% ID/g). Pronounced demetallation was observed for the 89Zr·Dfo-labeled PASylated Anticalin, which was ∼50% lower in the case of the cyclic radiochelator FsC (p < 0.0001). Adjusting the plasma half-life of Anticalin radioligands using PASylation technology is a viable approach to increase radioisotope accumulation within the tumor. Furthermore, 89Zr-ImmunoPET-imaging using the FsC radiochelator is superior to that using Dfo. Our strategy for the half-life adjustment of a tumor-targeting Anticalin to match the physical half-life of the applied radioisotope illustrates the potential of small binding proteins as an alternative to antibodies for PET-imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Morath
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Corinna Brandt
- Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Friedrich-Christian Deuschle
- Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Claudia T Mendler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Birgit Blechert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Dominik Summer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Cyril Barinka
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec 252 50, Czech Republic
| | - Clemens Decristoforo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Wolfgang A Weber
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Arne Skerra
- Lehrstuhl für Biologische Chemie, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
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7
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Wen G, Leen V, Rohand T, Sauer M, Hofkens J. Current Progress in Expansion Microscopy: Chemical Strategies and Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:3299-3323. [PMID: 36881995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Expansion microscopy (ExM) is a newly developed super-resolution technique, allowing visualization of biological targets at nanoscale resolution on conventional fluorescence microscopes. Since its introduction in 2015, many efforts have been dedicated to broaden its application range or increase the resolution that can be achieved. As a consequence, recent years have witnessed remarkable advances in ExM. This review summarizes recent progress in ExM, with the focus on the chemical aspects of the method, from chemistries for biomolecule grafting to polymer synthesis and the impact on biological analysis. The combination of ExM with other microscopy techniques, in search of additional resolution improvement, is also discussed. In addition, we compare pre- and postexpansion labeling strategies and discuss the impact of fixation methods on ultrastructure preservation. We conclude this review with a perspective on existing challenges and future directions. We believe that this review will provide a comprehensive understanding of ExM and facilitate its usage and further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wen
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Volker Leen
- Chrometra Scientific, Kortenaken 3470, Belgium
| | - Taoufik Rohand
- Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry, Faculty Polydisciplinaire of Safi, University Cadi Ayyad Marrakech, BP 4162, 46000 Safi, Morocco
| | - Markus Sauer
- Department of Biotechnology & Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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8
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Kaur A, Adair LD, Ball SR, New EJ, Sunde M. A Fluorescent Sensor for Quantitative Super‐Resolution Imaging of Amyloid Fibril Assembly**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Kaur
- School of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Liam D. Adair
- School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Sarah R. Ball
- School of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Elizabeth J. New
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Margaret Sunde
- School of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
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9
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Nassiri M, Behnam-Rasouli R, Vakili-Azghandi M, Gopalan V, Dolati P, Nourmohammadi R. Refined immunoRNases for the efficient targeting and selective killing of tumour cells: A novel strategy. Life Sci 2022; 289:120222. [PMID: 34902436 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to overcome limitations of conventional cancer therapy methods, immunotoxins with the capability of target-specific action have been designed and evaluated pre-clinically, and some of them are in clinical studies. Targeting cancer cells via antibodies specific for tumour-associated surface proteins is a new biomedical approach that could provide the selectivity that is lacking in conventional cancer therapy methods such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy. A successful example of an approved immunotoxin is represented by immunoRNases. ImmunoRNases are fusion proteins in which the toxin has been replaced by a ribonuclease. Conjugation of RNase molecule to monoclonal antibody or antibody fragment was shown to enhance specific cell-killing by several orders of magnitude, both in vitro and in animal models. There are several RNases obtained from different mammalian cells that are expected to be less immunogenic and systemically toxic. In fact, RNases are pro-toxins which become toxic only upon their internalization in target cells mediated by the antibody moiety. The structure and large size of the antibody molecules assembled with the immunoRNases have always been a challenge in the application of immunoRNases as an antitoxin. To overcome this obstacle, we have offered a new strategy for the application of immunoRNases as a promising approach for upgrading immunoRNAses with maximum affinity and high stability in the cell, which can ultimately act as an effective large-scale cancer treatment. In this review, we introduce the optimized antibody-like molecules with small size, approximately 10 kD, which are presumed to significantly enhance RNase activity and be a suitable agent with the potential for anti-cancer functionality. In addition, we also discuss new molecular entities such as monobody, anticalin, nonobody and affilin as refined versions in the development of immunoRNases. These small molecules express their functionality with the suitable small size as well as with low immunogenicity in the cell, as a part of immunoRNases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Nassiri
- Recombinant Proteins Research Group, The Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia.
| | - Reihane Behnam-Rasouli
- Recombinant Proteins Research Group, The Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Vinod Gopalan
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Peyman Dolati
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Rouhollah Nourmohammadi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Lorestan 68137-17133, Iran
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10
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Liu Z, Moreira RA, Dujmović A, Liu H, Yang B, Poma AB, Nash MA. Mapping Mechanostable Pulling Geometries of a Therapeutic Anticalin/CTLA-4 Protein Complex. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:179-187. [PMID: 34918516 PMCID: PMC8759085 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We used single-molecule AFM force spectroscopy (AFM-SMFS) in combination with click chemistry to mechanically dissociate anticalin, a non-antibody protein binding scaffold, from its target (CTLA-4), by pulling from eight different anchor residues. We found that pulling on the anticalin from residue 60 or 87 resulted in significantly higher rupture forces and a decrease in koff by 2-3 orders of magnitude over a force range of 50-200 pN. Five of the six internal anchor points gave rise to complexes significantly more stable than N- or C-terminal anchor points, rupturing at up to 250 pN at loading rates of 0.1-10 nN s-1. Anisotropic network modeling and molecular dynamics simulations helped to explain the geometric dependency of mechanostability. These results demonstrate that optimization of attachment residue position on therapeutic binding scaffolds can provide large improvements in binding strength, allowing for mechanical affinity maturation under shear stress without mutation of binding interface residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Liu
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Department
of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH
Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rodrigo A. Moreira
- Biosystems
and Soft Matter Division, Institute of Fundamental
Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5B, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ana Dujmović
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Department
of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH
Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Haipei Liu
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Department
of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH
Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Byeongseon Yang
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Department
of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH
Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adolfo B. Poma
- Biosystems
and Soft Matter Division, Institute of Fundamental
Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5B, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- International
Center for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials (ICRI-BioM)—International
Research Agenda, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Michael A. Nash
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Department
of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH
Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- National
Center for Competence in Research (NCCR) Molecular Systems Engineering, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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11
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Kaur A, Adair LD, Ball SR, New EJ, Sunde M. A Fluorescent Sensor for Quantitative Super-resolution Imaging of Amyloid Fibril Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112832. [PMID: 34935241 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Many soluble proteins can self-assemble into macromolecular structures called amyloids, a subset of which are implicated in a range of neurodegenerative disorders. The nanoscale size and structural heterogeneity of prefibrillar and early aggregates, as well as mature amyloid fibrils, pose significant challenges for the quantification of amyloid species, identification of their cellular interaction partners and for elucidation of the molecular basis for cytotoxicity. We report a fluorescent amyloid sensor AmyBlink-1 and its application in super-resolution imaging of amyloid structures. AmyBlink-1 exhibits a 5-fold increase in ratio of the green (thioflavin T) to red (Alexa Fluor 647) emission intensities upon interaction with amyloid fibrils. Using AmyBlink-1 , we performed nanoscale imaging of four different types of amyloid fibrils, achieving a resolution of ~30 nm. AmyBlink-1 enables nanoscale visualization and subsequent quantification of morphological features, such as the length and skew of individual amyloid aggregates formed at different times along the amyloid assembly pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Kaur
- University of Sydney, School.of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, 2006, Sydney, AUSTRALIA
| | - Liam D Adair
- The University of Sydney, School of Chemistry, AUSTRALIA
| | - Sarah R Ball
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, AUSTRALIA
| | | | - Margaret Sunde
- The University of Sydney, School of Medical Sciences, AUSTRALIA
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12
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Masullo LA, Szalai AM, Lopez LF, Stefani FD. Fluorescence nanoscopy at the sub-10 nm scale. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:1101-1112. [PMID: 35059030 PMCID: PMC8724505 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00864-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence nanoscopy represented a breakthrough for the life sciences as it delivers 20-30 nm resolution using far-field fluorescence microscopes. This resolution limit is not fundamental but imposed by the limited photostability of fluorophores under ambient conditions. This has motivated the development of a second generation of fluorescence nanoscopy methods that aim to deliver sub-10 nm resolution, reaching the typical size of structural proteins and thus providing true molecular resolution. In this review, we present common fundamental aspects of these nanoscopies, discuss the key experimental factors that are necessary to fully exploit their capabilities, and discuss their current and future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano A. Masullo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2390, C1425FQD Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Güiraldes 2620, C1428EHA Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alan M. Szalai
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2390, C1425FQD Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía F. Lopez
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Güiraldes 2620, C1428EHA Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando D. Stefani
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2390, C1425FQD Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Güiraldes 2620, C1428EHA Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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13
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Farokhinejad F, Lane RE, Lobb RJ, Edwardraja S, Wuethrich A, Howard CB, Trau M. Generation of Nanoyeast Single-Chain Variable Fragments as High-Avidity Biomaterials for Dengue Virus Detection. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:5850-5860. [PMID: 34738789 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bioengineered yeast bio-nanomaterials termed nanoyeasts displaying antibody single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) against diagnostic targets are a promising alternative to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). A potential limitation for translating nanoyeasts into diagnostic tools is batch-to-batch variability. Herein, we demonstrate a systematic approach for cost-efficient production of highly specific nanoyeasts that enabled accurate dengue virus (DENV) detection by immunoassay (2.5% CV). Yeasts bioengineered to surface express DENV-specific scFvs (up to 66% of the total cell population) were fragmented into nanoyeast fractions trialing sonication, bead beating, and high-pressure disruption methods. Nanoyeast fractions from sonication had optimal target binding, uniform particle size (±89 nm), were stable, and retained diagnostic activity for 7 days at 37 °C compared to traditional mAbs that lost activity after 1 day at 37 °C. We engineered a panel of nanoyeast scFvs targeting DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1): (i) specific for serotyping DENV 1-4 and (ii) cross-reactive anti-DENV scFvs that are suitable for "yes/no" diagnostic applications. We demonstrate highly specific nanoyeast scFvs for serotyping DENV. We show that nanoyeast scFvs specifically detect NS1 in simulated patient plasma with a limit of detection of 250 ng/mL, the concentration found in infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Farokhinejad
- Centre of Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Rebecca E Lane
- Centre of Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Richard J Lobb
- Centre of Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Selvakumar Edwardraja
- Centre of Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alain Wuethrich
- Centre of Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Christopher B Howard
- Centre of Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Matt Trau
- Centre of Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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14
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POLArIS, a versatile probe for molecular orientation, revealed actin filaments associated with microtubule asters in early embryos. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2019071118. [PMID: 33674463 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2019071118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomolecular assemblies govern the physiology of cells. Their function often depends on the changes in molecular arrangements of constituents, both in the positions and orientations. While recent advancements of fluorescence microscopy including super-resolution microscopy have enabled us to determine the positions of fluorophores with unprecedented accuracy, monitoring the orientation of fluorescently labeled molecules within living cells in real time is challenging. Fluorescence polarization microscopy (FPM) reports the orientation of emission dipoles and is therefore a promising solution. For imaging with FPM, target proteins need labeling with fluorescent probes in a sterically constrained manner, but because of difficulties in the rational three-dimensional design of protein connection, a universal method for constrained tagging with fluorophore was not available. Here, we report POLArIS, a genetically encoded and versatile probe for molecular orientation imaging. Instead of using a direct tagging approach, we used a recombinant binder connected to a fluorescent protein in a sterically constrained manner that can target specific biomolecules of interest by combining with phage display screening. As an initial test case, we developed POLArISact, which specifically binds to F-actin in living cells. We confirmed that the orientation of F-actin can be monitored by observing cells expressing POLArISact with FPM. In living starfish early embryos expressing POLArISact, we found actin filaments radially extending from centrosomes in association with microtubule asters during mitosis. By taking advantage of the genetically encoded nature, POLArIS can be used in a variety of living specimens, including whole bodies of developing embryos and animals, and also be expressed in a cell type/tissue specific manner.
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15
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Identification and Characterization of an Affimer Affinity Reagent for the Detection of the cAMP Sensor, EPAC1. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092307. [PMID: 34571955 PMCID: PMC8465552 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
An exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 1 (EPAC1) is an intracellular sensor for cAMP that is involved in a wide variety of cellular and physiological processes in health and disease. However, reagents are lacking to study its association with intracellular cAMP nanodomains. Here, we use non-antibody Affimer protein scaffolds to develop isoform-selective protein binders of EPAC1. Phage-display screens were carried out against purified, biotinylated human recombinant EPAC1ΔDEP protein (amino acids 149–811), which identified five potential EPAC1-selective Affimer binders. Dot blots and indirect ELISA assays were next used to identify Affimer 780A as the top EPAC1 binder. Mutagenesis studies further revealed a potential interaction site for 780A within the EPAC1 cyclic nucleotide binding domain (CNBD). In addition, 780A was shown to co-precipitate EPAC1 from transfected cells and co-localize with both wild-type EPAC1 and a mis-targeting mutant of EPAC1(K212R), predominantly in perinuclear and cytosolic regions of cells, respectively. As a novel EPAC1-selective binder, 780A therefore has the potential to be used in future studies to further understand compartmentalization of the cAMP-EPAC1 signaling system.
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16
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van Belkum A, Almeida C, Bardiaux B, Barrass SV, Butcher SJ, Çaykara T, Chowdhury S, Datar R, Eastwood I, Goldman A, Goyal M, Happonen L, Izadi-Pruneyre N, Jacobsen T, Johnson PH, Kempf VAJ, Kiessling A, Bueno JL, Malik A, Malmström J, Meuskens I, Milner PA, Nilges M, Pamme N, Peyman SA, Rodrigues LR, Rodriguez-Mateos P, Sande MG, Silva CJ, Stasiak AC, Stehle T, Thibau A, Vaca DJ, Linke D. Host-Pathogen Adhesion as the Basis of Innovative Diagnostics for Emerging Pathogens. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11071259. [PMID: 34359341 PMCID: PMC8305138 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11071259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are an existential health threat, potentiated by emerging and re-emerging viruses and increasing bacterial antibiotic resistance. Targeted treatment of infectious diseases requires precision diagnostics, especially in cases where broad-range therapeutics such as antibiotics fail. There is thus an increasing need for new approaches to develop sensitive and specific in vitro diagnostic (IVD) tests. Basic science and translational research are needed to identify key microbial molecules as diagnostic targets, to identify relevant host counterparts, and to use this knowledge in developing or improving IVD. In this regard, an overlooked feature is the capacity of pathogens to adhere specifically to host cells and tissues. The molecular entities relevant for pathogen–surface interaction are the so-called adhesins. Adhesins vary from protein compounds to (poly-)saccharides or lipid structures that interact with eukaryotic host cell matrix molecules and receptors. Such interactions co-define the specificity and sensitivity of a diagnostic test. Currently, adhesin-receptor binding is typically used in the pre-analytical phase of IVD tests, focusing on pathogen enrichment. Further exploration of adhesin–ligand interaction, supported by present high-throughput “omics” technologies, might stimulate a new generation of broadly applicable pathogen detection and characterization tools. This review describes recent results of novel structure-defining technologies allowing for detailed molecular analysis of adhesins, their receptors and complexes. Since the host ligands evolve slowly, the corresponding adhesin interaction is under selective pressure to maintain a constant receptor binding domain. IVD should exploit such conserved binding sites and, in particular, use the human ligand to enrich the pathogen. We provide an inventory of methods based on adhesion factors and pathogen attachment mechanisms, which can also be of relevance to currently emerging pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex van Belkum
- BioMérieux, Open Innovation & Partnerships, 38390 La Balme Les Grottes, France;
- Correspondence: (A.v.B.); (D.L.)
| | | | - Benjamin Bardiaux
- Institut Pasteur, Structural Biology and Chemistry, 75724 Paris, France; (B.B.); (N.I.-P.); (T.J.); (M.N.)
| | - Sarah V. Barrass
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (S.V.B.); (S.J.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Sarah J. Butcher
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (S.V.B.); (S.J.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Tuğçe Çaykara
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Smart Materials, 4760-034 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal; (T.Ç.); (C.J.S.)
| | - Sounak Chowdhury
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 22242 Lund, Sweden; (S.C.); (L.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Rucha Datar
- BioMérieux, Microbiology R&D, 38390 La Balme Les Grottes, France;
| | | | - Adrian Goldman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (S.V.B.); (S.J.B.); (A.G.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (P.H.J.); (A.K.); (J.L.B.); (A.M.); (P.A.M.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Manisha Goyal
- BioMérieux, Open Innovation & Partnerships, 38390 La Balme Les Grottes, France;
| | - Lotta Happonen
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 22242 Lund, Sweden; (S.C.); (L.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Nadia Izadi-Pruneyre
- Institut Pasteur, Structural Biology and Chemistry, 75724 Paris, France; (B.B.); (N.I.-P.); (T.J.); (M.N.)
| | - Theis Jacobsen
- Institut Pasteur, Structural Biology and Chemistry, 75724 Paris, France; (B.B.); (N.I.-P.); (T.J.); (M.N.)
| | - Pirjo H. Johnson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (P.H.J.); (A.K.); (J.L.B.); (A.M.); (P.A.M.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Volkhard A. J. Kempf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe-University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (V.A.J.K.); (A.T.); (D.J.V.)
| | - Andreas Kiessling
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (P.H.J.); (A.K.); (J.L.B.); (A.M.); (P.A.M.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Juan Leva Bueno
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (P.H.J.); (A.K.); (J.L.B.); (A.M.); (P.A.M.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Anchal Malik
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (P.H.J.); (A.K.); (J.L.B.); (A.M.); (P.A.M.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Johan Malmström
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 22242 Lund, Sweden; (S.C.); (L.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Ina Meuskens
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Paul A. Milner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (P.H.J.); (A.K.); (J.L.B.); (A.M.); (P.A.M.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Michael Nilges
- Institut Pasteur, Structural Biology and Chemistry, 75724 Paris, France; (B.B.); (N.I.-P.); (T.J.); (M.N.)
| | - Nicole Pamme
- School of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK; (N.P.); (P.R.-M.)
| | - Sally A. Peyman
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (P.H.J.); (A.K.); (J.L.B.); (A.M.); (P.A.M.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Ligia R. Rodrigues
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (L.R.R.); (M.G.S.)
| | - Pablo Rodriguez-Mateos
- School of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK; (N.P.); (P.R.-M.)
| | - Maria G. Sande
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (L.R.R.); (M.G.S.)
| | - Carla Joana Silva
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Smart Materials, 4760-034 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal; (T.Ç.); (C.J.S.)
| | - Aleksandra Cecylia Stasiak
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.C.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Thilo Stehle
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.C.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Arno Thibau
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe-University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (V.A.J.K.); (A.T.); (D.J.V.)
| | - Diana J. Vaca
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe-University, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (V.A.J.K.); (A.T.); (D.J.V.)
| | - Dirk Linke
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway;
- Correspondence: (A.v.B.); (D.L.)
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Ahmadi MKB, Mohammadi SA, Makvandi M, Mamouei M, Rahmati M, Dehghani H, Wood DW. Recent Advances in the Scaffold Engineering of Protein Binders. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 22:878-891. [PMID: 32838715 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021999200824101035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, extensive attention has been given to the generation of new classes of ligand- specific binding proteins to supplement monoclonal antibodies. A combination of protein engineering and display technologies has been used to manipulate non-human antibodies for humanization and stabilization purposes or even the generation of new binding proteins. Engineered protein scaffolds can now be directed against therapeutic targets to treat cancer and immunological disorders. Although very few of these scaffolds have successfully passed clinical trials, their remarkable properties such as robust folding, high solubility, and small size motivate their employment as a tool for biology and applied science studies. Here, we have focused on the generation of new non-Ig binding proteins and single domain antibody manipulation, with a glimpse of their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad K B Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed A Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Manoochehr Makvandi
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Morteza Mamouei
- Department of Animal Science, Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rahmati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hesam Dehghani
- Stem Cells Regenerative Research Group, Ressearch Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, Mashhad, Iran
| | - David W Wood
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 151 W. Woodruff Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, United States
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18
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Nakai N, Sato K, Tani T, Kawagishi M, Ka H, Saito K, Terada S. Development of nanobody-based POLArIS orientation probes enabled multi-color/multi-target orientation imaging in living cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 565:50-56. [PMID: 34090210 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence polarization microscopy (FPM) can visualize the dipole orientation of fluorescent molecules and has been used for analyzing architectural dynamics of biomolecules including cytoskeletal proteins. To monitor the orientation of target molecules by FPM, target molecules need to be labeled with fluorophores in a sterically constrained manner, so that the fluorophores do not freely rotate. Recently, a versatile probe for such labeling using fluorescent proteins, POLArIS (Probe for Orientation and Localization Assessment, recognizing specific Intracellular Structures of interest), was reported. POLArIS is a fusion protein consisting of a non-immunoglobulin-based recombinant binder Affimer and a green fluorescent protein (GFP), where the Affimer and GFP are rigidly connected to each other. POLArIS probe for molecules of interest can be developed through phage display screening of Affimer. This screening is followed by the rigid connection of fluorescent proteins to the selected Affimers. The Affimer-based POLArIS, however, cannot be used with animal immune libraries for selecting specific binder clones. In addition, multi-color FPM by POLArIS was not available due to the lack of color variations of POLArIS. In this study, we have developed new versions of POLArIS with nanobodies, which are compatible with animal immune libraries, and expanded color variations of POLArIS with cyan/green/yellow/red fluorescent proteins, enabling multi-color orientation imaging for multiple targets. Using nanobody-based POLArIS orientation probes, we performed two-color FPM of F-actin and vimentin in living cells. Furthermore, we made nanobody-based POLArIS probes that have different dipole orientations for adjusting the orientation of fluorescence polarization with respect to the target molecules. These nanobody-based POLArIS with options of colors and dipole orientations will enhance the performance of this probe for broader applications of fluorescence polarization imaging in living cells, tissues, and whole organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nori Nakai
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Cellular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan; Center for Brain Integration Research, TMDU, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Sato
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Cellular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan; Center for Brain Integration Research, TMDU, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Tani
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ikeda, Osaka, 563-8577, Japan.
| | - Masahiko Kawagishi
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Cellular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan; Center for Brain Integration Research, TMDU, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
| | - Hiromasa Ka
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Cellular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan; Center for Brain Integration Research, TMDU, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
| | - Kenta Saito
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Cellular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan; Center for Brain Integration Research, TMDU, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
| | - Sumio Terada
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Cellular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan; Center for Brain Integration Research, TMDU, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
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19
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Drozd M, Karoń S, Malinowska E. Recent Advancements in Receptor Layer Engineering for Applications in SPR-Based Immunodiagnostics. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:3781. [PMID: 34072572 PMCID: PMC8198293 DOI: 10.3390/s21113781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The rapid progress in the development of surface plasmon resonance-based immunosensing platforms offers wide application possibilities in medical diagnostics as a label-free alternative to enzyme immunoassays. The early diagnosis of diseases or metabolic changes through the detection of biomarkers in body fluids requires methods characterized by a very good sensitivity and selectivity. In the case of the SPR technique, as well as other surface-sensitive detection strategies, the quality of the transducer-immunoreceptor interphase is crucial for maintaining the analytical reliability of an assay. In this work, an overview of general approaches to the design of functional SPR-immunoassays is presented. It covers both immunosensors, the design of which utilizes well-known and often commercially available substrates, as well as the latest solutions developed in-house. Various approaches employing chemical and passive binding, affinity-based antibody immobilization, and the introduction of nanomaterial-based surfaces are discussed. The essence of their influence on the improvement of the main analytical parameters of a given immunosensor is explained. Particular attention is paid to solutions compatible with the latest trends in the development of label-free immunosensors, such as platforms dedicated to real-time monitoring in a quasi-continuous mode, the use of in situ-generated receptor layers (elimination of the regeneration step), and biosensors using recombinant and labelled protein receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Drozd
- Faculty of Chemistry, The Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland;
- Center for Advanced Materials and Technologies, Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Karoń
- Faculty of Chemistry, The Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland;
- Center for Advanced Materials and Technologies, Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Malinowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, The Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland;
- Center for Advanced Materials and Technologies, Warsaw University of Technology, Poleczki 19, 02-822 Warsaw, Poland
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20
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Radiomics, Radiogenomics, and Next-Generation Molecular Imaging to Augment Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 26:108-115. [PMID: 32205534 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and [F]F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography are invaluable in the clinical evaluation of human cancers. Radiomics and radiogenomics tools may allow clinicians to standardize interpretation of these conventional imaging modalities, while better linking radiographic hallmarks to disease biology and prognosis. These advances, coupled with next-generation positron emission tomography imaging tracers capable of providing biologically relevant tumor information, may further expand the tools available in our armamentarium against human cancers. We present current imaging methods and explore emerging research that may improve diagnosis and monitoring of local, oligometastatic, and disseminated cancers exhibiting heterogeneous uptake of [F]F-fluorodeoxyglucose, using hepatocellular carcinoma as an example.
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21
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Choquet D, Sainlos M, Sibarita JB. Advanced imaging and labelling methods to decipher brain cell organization and function. Nat Rev Neurosci 2021; 22:237-255. [PMID: 33712727 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00441-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The brain is arguably the most complex organ. The branched and extended morphology of nerve cells, their subcellular complexity, the multiplicity of brain cell types as well as their intricate connectivity and the scattering properties of brain tissue present formidable challenges to the understanding of brain function. Neuroscientists have often been at the forefront of technological and methodological developments to overcome these hurdles to visualize, quantify and modify cell and network properties. Over the last few decades, the development of advanced imaging methods has revolutionized our approach to explore the brain. Super-resolution microscopy and tissue imaging approaches have recently exploded. These instrumentation-based innovations have occurred in parallel with the development of new molecular approaches to label protein targets, to evolve new biosensors and to target them to appropriate cell types or subcellular compartments. We review the latest developments for labelling and functionalizing proteins with small localization and functionalized reporters. We present how these molecular tools are combined with the development of a wide variety of imaging methods that break either the diffraction barrier or the tissue penetration depth limits. We put these developments in perspective to emphasize how they will enable step changes in our understanding of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Choquet
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France. .,University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Matthieu Sainlos
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Jean-Baptiste Sibarita
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, Bordeaux, France.
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22
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DeVree BT, Steiner LM, Głazowska S, Ruhnow F, Herburger K, Persson S, Mravec J. Current and future advances in fluorescence-based visualization of plant cell wall components and cell wall biosynthetic machineries. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:78. [PMID: 33781321 PMCID: PMC8008654 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01922-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell wall-derived biomass serves as a renewable source of energy and materials with increasing importance. The cell walls are biomacromolecular assemblies defined by a fine arrangement of different classes of polysaccharides, proteoglycans, and aromatic polymers and are one of the most complex structures in Nature. One of the most challenging tasks of cell biology and biomass biotechnology research is to image the structure and organization of this complex matrix, as well as to visualize the compartmentalized, multiplayer biosynthetic machineries that build the elaborate cell wall architecture. Better knowledge of the plant cells, cell walls, and whole tissue is essential for bioengineering efforts and for designing efficient strategies of industrial deconstruction of the cell wall-derived biomass and its saccharification. Cell wall-directed molecular probes and analysis by light microscopy, which is capable of imaging with a high level of specificity, little sample processing, and often in real time, are important tools to understand cell wall assemblies. This review provides a comprehensive overview about the possibilities for fluorescence label-based imaging techniques and a variety of probing methods, discussing both well-established and emerging tools. Examples of applications of these tools are provided. We also list and discuss the advantages and limitations of the methods. Specifically, we elaborate on what are the most important considerations when applying a particular technique for plants, the potential for future development, and how the plant cell wall field might be inspired by advances in the biomedical and general cell biology fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T DeVree
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lisa M Steiner
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sylwia Głazowska
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Felix Ruhnow
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Klaus Herburger
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Staffan Persson
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jozef Mravec
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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23
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Pham PN, Huličiak M, Biedermannová L, Černý J, Charnavets T, Fuertes G, Herynek Š, Kolářová L, Kolenko P, Pavlíček J, Zahradník J, Mikulecky P, Schneider B. Protein Binder (ProBi) as a New Class of Structurally Robust Non-Antibody Protein Scaffold for Directed Evolution. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020190. [PMID: 33514045 PMCID: PMC7911045 DOI: 10.3390/v13020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered small non-antibody protein scaffolds are a promising alternative to antibodies and are especially attractive for use in protein therapeutics and diagnostics. The advantages include smaller size and a more robust, single-domain structural framework with a defined binding surface amenable to mutation. This calls for a more systematic approach in designing new scaffolds suitable for use in one or more methods of directed evolution. We hereby describe a process based on an analysis of protein structures from the Protein Data Bank and their experimental examination. The candidate protein scaffolds were subjected to a thorough screening including computational evaluation of the mutability, and experimental determination of their expression yield in E. coli, solubility, and thermostability. In the next step, we examined several variants of the candidate scaffolds including their wild types and alanine mutants. We proved the applicability of this systematic procedure by selecting a monomeric single-domain human protein with a fold different from previously known scaffolds. The newly developed scaffold, called ProBi (Protein Binder), contains two independently mutable surface patches. We demonstrated its functionality by training it as a binder against human interleukin-10, a medically important cytokine. The procedure yielded scaffold-related variants with nanomolar affinity.
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24
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Al-Enezi E, Vakurov A, Eades A, Ding M, Jose G, Saha S, Millner P. Affimer-Based Europium Chelates Allow Sensitive Optical Biosensing in a Range of Human Disease Biomarkers. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21030831. [PMID: 33513673 PMCID: PMC7865513 DOI: 10.3390/s21030831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The protein biomarker measurement has been well-established using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), which offers good sensitivity and specificity, but remains slow and expensive. Certain clinical conditions, where rapid measurement or immediate confirmation of a biomarker is paramount for treatment, necessitate more rapid analysis. Biosensors offer the prospect of reagent-less, processing-free measurements at the patient's bedside. Here, we report a platform for biosensing based on chelated Eu3+ against a range of proteins including biomarkers of cardiac injury (human myoglobin), stroke (glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)), inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP)) and colorectal cancer (carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)). The Eu3+ ions are chelated by modified synthetic binding proteins (Affimers), which offer an alternative targeting strategy to existing antibodies. The fluorescence characteristics of the Eu3+ complex with modified Affimers against human myoglobin, GFAP, CRP and CEA were measured in human serum using λex = 395 nm, λem = 590 and 615 nm. The Eu3+-Affimer based complex allowed sensitive detection of human myoglobin, GFAP, CRP and CEA proteins as low as 100 fM in (100-fold) diluted human serum samples. The unique dependence on Eu3+ fluorescence in the visible region (590 and 615 nm) was exploited in this study to allow rapid measurement of the analyte concentration, with measurements in 2 to 3 min. These data demonstrate that the Affimer based Eu3+ complexes can function as nanobiosensors with potential analytical and diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiman Al-Enezi
- Bionanotechnology Group, School of Biomedical Science, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (E.A.-E.); (A.V.); (A.E.); (M.D.)
| | - Alexandre Vakurov
- Bionanotechnology Group, School of Biomedical Science, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (E.A.-E.); (A.V.); (A.E.); (M.D.)
| | - Amy Eades
- Bionanotechnology Group, School of Biomedical Science, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (E.A.-E.); (A.V.); (A.E.); (M.D.)
| | - Mingyu Ding
- Bionanotechnology Group, School of Biomedical Science, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (E.A.-E.); (A.V.); (A.E.); (M.D.)
| | - Gin Jose
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - Sikha Saha
- School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - Paul Millner
- Bionanotechnology Group, School of Biomedical Science, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; (E.A.-E.); (A.V.); (A.E.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence:
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25
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UCNP-based Photoluminescent Nanomedicines for Targeted Imaging and Theranostics of Cancer. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184302. [PMID: 32961731 PMCID: PMC7571190 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Theranostic approach is currently among the fastest growing trends in cancer treatment. It implies the creation of multifunctional agents for simultaneous precise diagnosis and targeted impact on tumor cells. A new type of theranostic complexes was created based on NaYF4: Yb,Tm upconversion nanoparticles coated with polyethylene glycol and functionalized with the HER2-specific recombinant targeted toxin DARPin-LoPE. The obtained agents bind to HER2-overexpressing human breast adenocarcinoma cells and demonstrate selective cytotoxicity against this type of cancer cells. Using fluorescent human breast adenocarcinoma xenograft models, the possibility of intravital visualization of the UCNP-based complexes biodistribution and accumulation in tumor was demonstrated.
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26
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Imaging using radiolabelled targeted proteins: radioimmunodetection and beyond. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2020; 5:16. [PMID: 32577943 PMCID: PMC7311618 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-020-00094-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of radiolabelled antibodies was proposed in 1970s for staging of malignant tumours. Intensive research established chemistry for radiolabelling of proteins and understanding of factors determining biodistribution and targeting properties. The use of radioimmunodetection for staging of cancer was not established as common practice due to approval and widespread use of [18F]-FDG, which provided a more general diagnostic use than antibodies or their fragments. Expanded application of antibody-based therapeutics renewed the interest in radiolabelled antibodies. RadioimmunoPET emerged as a powerful tool for evaluation of pharmacokinetics of and target engagement by biotherapeutics. In addition to monoclonal antibodies, new radiolabelled engineered proteins have recently appeared, offering high-contrast imaging of expression of therapeutic molecular targets in tumours shortly after injection. This creates preconditions for noninvasive determination of a target expression level and stratification of patients for targeted therapies. Radiolabelled proteins hold great promise to play an important role in development and implementation of personalised targeted treatment of malignant tumours. This article provides an overview of biodistribution and tumour-seeking features of major classes of targeting proteins currently utilized for molecular imaging. Such information might be useful for researchers entering the field of the protein-based radionuclide molecular imaging.
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27
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Hinz SC, Elter A, Rammo O, Schwämmle A, Ali A, Zielonka S, Herget T, Kolmar H. A Generic Procedure for the Isolation of pH- and Magnesium-Responsive Chicken scFvs for Downstream Purification of Human Antibodies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:688. [PMID: 32656201 PMCID: PMC7324474 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Affinity chromatography provides an excellent platform for protein purification, which is a key step in the large scale downstream processing of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (Mabs). Protein A chromatography constitutes the gold standard for Mab purification. However, the required acidic conditions (2.8–3.5) for elution from the affinity matrix limit their applicability, particularly for next generation antibodies and antibody fusion proteins, since denaturation and irreversible aggregation can occur due to the acidic buffer conditions. Here we describe a generic procedure for the generation of antigen-specific chromatography ligands with tailor-made elution conditions. To this end, we generated a scFv-library based on mRNA from a chicken immunized with human Fc. The antibody repertoire was displayed on yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae screened via FACS toward pH- and magnesium-responsive scFvs which specifically recognize human IgG antibodies. Isolated scFvs were reformatted, produced in Escherichia coli and immobilized on NHS-agarose columns. Several scFvs were identified that mediated antibody binding at neutral pH and antibody recovery at pH values of 4.5 and higher or even at neutral pH upon MgCl2 exposure. The iterative screening methodology established here is generally amenable to the straightforward isolation of stimulus-responsive antibodies that may become valuable tools for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen C Hinz
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.,Merck Lab @ Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Adrian Elter
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.,Merck Lab @ Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Oliver Rammo
- Life Science Division, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Ataurehman Ali
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Zielonka
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Thomas Herget
- Strategy und Transformation, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.,Merck Lab @ Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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28
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Sograte-Idrissi S, Schlichthaerle T, Duque-Afonso CJ, Alevra M, Strauss S, Moser T, Jungmann R, Rizzoli SO, Opazo F. Circumvention of common labelling artefacts using secondary nanobodies. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:10226-10239. [PMID: 32356544 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00227e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A standard procedure to study cellular elements is via immunostaining followed by optical imaging. This methodology typically requires target-specific primary antibodies (1.Abs), which are revealed by secondary antibodies (2.Abs). Unfortunately, the antibody bivalency, polyclonality, and large size can result in a series of artifacts. Alternatively, small, monovalent probes, such as single-domain antibodies (nanobodies) have been suggested to minimize these limitations. The discovery and validation of nanobodies against specific targets are challenging, thus only a minimal amount of them are currently available. Here, we used STED, DNA-PAINT, and light-sheet microscopy, to demonstrate that secondary nanobodies (1) increase localization accuracy compared to 2.Abs; (2) allow direct pre-mixing with 1.Abs before staining, reducing experimental time, and enabling the use of multiple 1.Abs from the same species; (3) penetrate thick tissues more efficiently; and (4) avoid probe-induced clustering of target molecules observed with conventional 2.Abs in living or poorly fixed samples. Altogether, we show how secondary nanobodies are a valuable alternative to 2.Abs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama Sograte-Idrissi
- Institute of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany. and Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN), University of Göttingen Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany and International Max Planck Research School for Molecular Biology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schlichthaerle
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, LMU Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany and Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Carlos J Duque-Afonso
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany and Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany and Multiscale Bioimaging Cluster of Excellence (MBExC), University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany and University of Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mihai Alevra
- Institute of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Strauss
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, LMU Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany and Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tobias Moser
- Institute for Auditory Neuroscience and InnerEarLab, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany and Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany and Multiscale Bioimaging Cluster of Excellence (MBExC), University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany and University of Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Jungmann
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, LMU Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany and Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Silvio O Rizzoli
- Institute of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany. and Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN), University of Göttingen Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany and Multiscale Bioimaging Cluster of Excellence (MBExC), University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Felipe Opazo
- Institute of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany. and Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration (BIN), University of Göttingen Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany and NanoTag Biotechnologies GmbH, 37079, Göttingen, Germany
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29
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Montague SJ, Lim YJ, Lee WM, Gardiner EE. Imaging Platelet Processes and Function-Current and Emerging Approaches for Imaging in vitro and in vivo. Front Immunol 2020; 11:78. [PMID: 32082328 PMCID: PMC7005007 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets are small anucleate cells that are essential for many biological processes including hemostasis, thrombosis, inflammation, innate immunity, tumor metastasis, and wound healing. Platelets circulate in the blood and in order to perform all of their biological roles, platelets must be able to arrest their movement at an appropriate site and time. Our knowledge of how platelets achieve this has expanded as our ability to visualize and quantify discreet platelet events has improved. Platelets are exquisitely sensitive to changes in blood flow parameters and so the visualization of rapid intricate platelet processes under conditions found in flowing blood provides a substantial challenge to the platelet imaging field. The platelet's size (~2 μm), rapid activation (milliseconds), and unsuitability for genetic manipulation, means that appropriate imaging tools are limited. However, with the application of modern imaging systems to study platelet function, our understanding of molecular events mediating platelet adhesion from a single-cell perspective, to platelet recruitment and activation, leading to thrombus (clot) formation has expanded dramatically. This review will discuss current platelet imaging techniques in vitro and in vivo, describing how the advancements in imaging have helped answer/expand on platelet biology with a particular focus on hemostasis. We will focus on platelet aggregation and thrombus formation, and how platelet imaging has enhanced our understanding of key events, highlighting the knowledge gained through the application of imaging modalities to experimental models in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we will review the limitations of current imaging techniques, and questions in thrombosis research that remain to be addressed. Finally, we will speculate how the same imaging advancements might be applied to the imaging of other vascular cell biological functions and visualization of dynamic cell-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J. Montague
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Yean J. Lim
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Woei M. Lee
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Elizabeth E. Gardiner
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Vorobyeva A, Schulga A, Konovalova E, Güler R, Löfblom J, Sandström M, Garousi J, Chernov V, Bragina O, Orlova A, Tolmachev V, Deyev SM. Optimal composition and position of histidine-containing tags improves biodistribution of 99mTc-labeled DARPin G3. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9405. [PMID: 31253840 PMCID: PMC6599047 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45795-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Radionuclide molecular imaging of HER2 expression in disseminated cancer enables stratification of patients for HER2-targeted therapies. DARPin G3, a small (14 kDa) engineered scaffold protein, is a promising probe for imaging of HER2. We hypothesized that position (C- or N-terminus) and composition (hexahistidine or (HE)3) of histidine-containing tags would influence the biodistribution of [99mTc]Tc(CO)3-labeled DARPin G3. To test the hypothesis, G3 variants containing tags at N-terminus (H6-G3 and (HE)3-G3) or at C-terminus (G3-H6 and G3-(HE)3) were labeled with [99mTc]Tc(CO)3. Labeling yield, label stability, specificity and affinity of the binding to HER2, biodistribution and tumor targeting properties of these variants were compared side-by-side. There was no substantial influence of position and composition of the tags on binding of [99mTc]Tc(CO)3-labeled variants to HER2. The specificity of HER2 targeting in vivo was confirmed. The tumor uptake in BALB/c nu/nu mice bearing SKOV3 xenografts was similar for all variants. On the opposite, there was a strong influence of the tags on uptake in normal tissues. The tumor-to-liver ratio for [99mTc]Tc(CO)3-(HE)3-G3 was three-fold higher compared to the hexahistidine-tag containing variants. Overall, [99mTc]Tc(CO)3-(HE)3-G3 variant provided the highest tumor-to-lung, tumor-to-liver, tumor-to-bone and tumor-to-muscle ratios, which should improve sensitivity of HER2 imaging in these common metastatic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzhelika Vorobyeva
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexey Schulga
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Konovalova
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Rezan Güler
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Löfblom
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Sandström
- Nuclear Medicine and PET, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Javad Garousi
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Chernov
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Olga Bragina
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Anna Orlova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sergey M Deyev
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia.,Bio-Nanophotonic Lab, Institute of Engineering Physics for Biomedicine (PhysBio), National Research Nuclear University "MEPhI", Moscow, Russia
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31
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Studies of the oligomerisation mechanism of a cystatin-based engineered protein scaffold. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9067. [PMID: 31227800 PMCID: PMC6588553 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45565-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered protein scaffolds are an alternative to monoclonal antibodies in research and drug design due to their small size, ease of production, versatility, and specificity for chosen targets. One key consideration when engineering such proteins is retaining the original scaffold structure and stability upon insertion of target-binding loops. SQT is a stefin A derived scaffold protein that was used as a model to study possible problems associated with solution behaviour of such aptamers. We used an SQT variant with AU1 and Myc insertion peptides (SQT-1C) to study the effect of peptide insertions on protein structure and oligomerisation. The X-ray structure of monomeric SQT-1C revealed a cystatin-like fold. Furthermore, we show that SQT-1C readily forms dimers and tetramers in solution. NMR revealed that these oligomers are symmetrical, with inserted loops comprising the interaction interface. Two possible mechanisms of oligomerisation are compared using molecular dynamics simulations, with domain swap oligomerisation being thermodynamically favoured. We show that retained secondary structure upon peptide insertion is not indicative of unaltered 3D structure and solution behaviour. Therefore, additional methods should be employed to comprehensively assess the consequences of peptide insertions in all aptamers, particularly as uncharacterized oligomerisation may alter binding epitope presentation and affect functional efficiency.
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van Wijk SJ, Fulda S, Dikic I, Heilemann M. Visualizing ubiquitination in mammalian cells. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:embr.201846520. [PMID: 30665942 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Covalent modification of proteins with ubiquitin is essential for the majority of biological processes in mammalian cells. Numerous proteins are conjugated with single or multiple ubiquitin molecules or chains in a dynamic fashion, often determining protein half-lives, localization or function. Experimental approaches to study ubiquitination have been dominated by genetic and biochemical analysis of enzyme structure-function relationships, reaction mechanisms and physiological relevance. Here, we provide an overview of recent developments in microscopy-based imaging of ubiquitination, available reagents and technologies. We discuss the progress in direct and indirect imaging of differentially linked ubiquitin chains in fixed and living cells using confocal fluorescence microscopy and super-resolution microscopy, illustrated by the role of ubiquitin in antibacterial autophagy and pro-inflammatory signalling. Finally, we speculate on future developments and forecast a transition from qualitative to quantitative super-resolution approaches to understand fundamental aspects of ubiquitination and the formation and distribution of functional E3 ligase protein complexes in their native environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd Jl van Wijk
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Paediatrics, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Paediatrics, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University - Medical Faculty, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mike Heilemann
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Kutova OM, Guryev EL, Sokolova EA, Alzeibak R, Balalaeva IV. Targeted Delivery to Tumors: Multidirectional Strategies to Improve Treatment Efficiency. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E68. [PMID: 30634580 PMCID: PMC6356537 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors are characterized by structural and molecular peculiarities providing a possibility to directionally deliver antitumor drugs with minimal impact on healthy tissues and reduced side effects. Newly formed blood vessels in malignant lesions exhibit chaotic growth, disordered structure, irregular shape and diameter, protrusions, and blind ends, resulting in immature vasculature; the newly formed lymphatic vessels also have aberrant structure. Structural features of the tumor vasculature determine relatively easy penetration of large molecules as well as nanometer-sized particles through a blood⁻tissue barrier and their accumulation in a tumor tissue. Also, malignant cells have altered molecular profile due to significant changes in tumor cell metabolism at every level from the genome to metabolome. Recently, the tumor interaction with cells of immune system becomes the focus of particular attention, that among others findings resulted in extensive study of cells with preferential tropism to tumor. In this review we summarize the information on the diversity of currently existing approaches to targeted drug delivery to tumor, including (i) passive targeting based on the specific features of tumor vasculature, (ii) active targeting which implies a specific binding of the antitumor agent with its molecular target, and (iii) cell-mediated tumor targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga M Kutova
- The Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia.
| | - Evgenii L Guryev
- The Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia.
| | - Evgeniya A Sokolova
- The Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia.
| | - Razan Alzeibak
- The Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia.
| | - Irina V Balalaeva
- The Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia.
- The Institute of Molecular Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya str., Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Martin HL, Bedford R, Heseltine SJ, Tang AA, Haza KZ, Rao A, McPherson MJ, Tomlinson DC. Non-immunoglobulin scaffold proteins: Precision tools for studying protein-protein interactions in cancer. N Biotechnol 2018; 45:28-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Direct fluorine-18 labeling of heat-sensitive biomolecules for positron emission tomography imaging using the Al18F-RESCA method. Nat Protoc 2018; 13:2330-2347. [DOI: 10.1038/s41596-018-0040-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Zhurauski P, Arya SK, Jolly P, Tiede C, Tomlinson DC, Ko Ferrigno P, Estrela P. Sensitive and selective Affimer-functionalised interdigitated electrode-based capacitive biosensor for Her4 protein tumour biomarker detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 108:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Sieben C, Douglass KM, Guichard P, Manley S. Super-resolution microscopy to decipher multi-molecular assemblies. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2018; 49:169-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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