2
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Thakur G, Lee HJ, Jeon RH, Lee SL, Rho GJ. Small Molecule-Induced Pancreatic β-Like Cell Development: Mechanistic Approaches and Available Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2388. [PMID: 32235681 PMCID: PMC7178115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disease which affects not only glucose metabolism but also lipid and protein metabolism. It encompasses two major types: type 1 and 2 diabetes. Despite the different etiologies of type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM, respectively), the defining features of the two forms are insulin deficiency and resistance, respectively. Stem cell therapy is an efficient method for the treatment of diabetes, which can be achieved by differentiating pancreatic β-like cells. The consistent generation of glucose-responsive insulin releasing cells remains challenging. In this review article, we present basic concepts of pancreatic organogenesis, which intermittently provides a basis for engineering differentiation procedures, mainly based on the use of small molecules. Small molecules are more auspicious than any other growth factors, as they have unique, valuable properties like cell-permeability, as well as a nonimmunogenic nature; furthermore, they offer immense benefits in terms of generating efficient functional beta-like cells. We also summarize advances in the generation of stem cell-derived pancreatic cell lineages, especially endocrine β-like cells or islet organoids. The successful induction of stem cells depends on the quantity and quality of available stem cells and the efficient use of small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitika Thakur
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (G.T.); (H.-J.L.); (S.-L.L.)
| | - Hyeon-Jeong Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (G.T.); (H.-J.L.); (S.-L.L.)
| | - Ryoung-Hoon Jeon
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Sung-Lim Lee
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (G.T.); (H.-J.L.); (S.-L.L.)
| | - Gyu-Jin Rho
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (G.T.); (H.-J.L.); (S.-L.L.)
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3
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Yang Y, Zhang B, Nakata M, Nakae J, Mori M, Yada T. Islet β-cell-produced NUCB2/nesfatin-1 maintains insulin secretion and glycemia along with suppressing UCP-2 in β-cells. J Physiol Sci 2019; 69:733-739. [PMID: 31228099 PMCID: PMC10717817 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-019-00689-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Nesfatin-1 is a hypothalamic anorexigenic peptide processed from nucleobindin 2 (NUCB2). Central and peripheral administration of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 enhances glucose metabolism and insulin release. NUCB2/nesfatin-1 is also localized in pancreatic islets, while its function remains unknown. To explore the role of pancreatic β-cell-produced NUCB2/nesfatin-1, we developed pancreatic β-cell-specific NUCB2 knockout (βNUCB2 KO) mice and NUCB2 gene knockdown (shNUCB2) MIN6 β-cell line. In βNUCB2 KO mice, casual blood glucose was elevated from 12 weeks of age. In a glucose tolerance test at 12 weeks, insulin secretion at 15 min was reduced and blood glucose at 2 h increased in βNUCB2 KO mice fasted 8 h. In islets isolated from βNUCB2 KO mice, high glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was impaired. In shNUCB2 MIN6 cells, GSIS was reduced and UCP-2 mRNA expression was elevated. These results show impaired GSIS possibly associated with UCP-2 overexpression in NUCB2-silenced β-cells, suggesting that β-cell-produced NUCB2/nesfatin-1 maintains GSIS and thereby glycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Yang
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, 1-5-6 Minatojimaminamimachi, Chuou-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
- Division of System Neuroscience, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Boyang Zhang
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Masanori Nakata
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Jun Nakae
- Center for Medical Science, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, 324-8501, Japan
| | - Masatomo Mori
- Kitakanto Molecular Novel Research Institute for Obesity and Metabolism, Midori, Gunma, 379-2311, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Yada
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan.
- Division of Integrative Physiology, Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, 1-5-6 Minatojimaminamimachi, Chuou-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.
- Division of System Neuroscience, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
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5
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Axelsson AS, Mahdi T, Nenonen HA, Singh T, Hänzelmann S, Wendt A, Bagge A, Reinbothe TM, Millstein J, Yang X, Zhang B, Gusmao EG, Shu L, Szabat M, Tang Y, Wang J, Salö S, Eliasson L, Artner I, Fex M, Johnson JD, Wollheim CB, Derry JMJ, Mecham B, Spégel P, Mulder H, Costa IG, Zhang E, Rosengren AH. Sox5 regulates beta-cell phenotype and is reduced in type 2 diabetes. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15652. [PMID: 28585545 PMCID: PMC5467166 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion, but the mechanisms underlying insulin secretion failure are not completely understood. Here, we show that a set of co-expressed genes, which is enriched for genes with islet-selective open chromatin, is associated with T2D. These genes are perturbed in T2D and have a similar expression pattern to that of dedifferentiated islets. We identify Sox5 as a regulator of the module. Sox5 knockdown induces gene expression changes similar to those observed in T2D and diabetic animals and has profound effects on insulin secretion, including reduced depolarization-evoked Ca2+-influx and β-cell exocytosis. SOX5 overexpression reverses the expression perturbations observed in a mouse model of T2D, increases the expression of key β-cell genes and improves glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in human islets from donors with T2D. We suggest that human islets in T2D display changes reminiscent of dedifferentiation and highlight SOX5 as a regulator of β-cell phenotype and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Axelsson
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - T Mahdi
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden.,Medical Research Center, Hawler Medical University, 44001 Erbil, Iraq
| | - H A Nenonen
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - T Singh
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - S Hänzelmann
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelstr 19, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - A Wendt
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - A Bagge
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - T M Reinbothe
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - J Millstein
- Sage Bionetworks, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - X Yang
- Sage Bionetworks, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Dr East, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - B Zhang
- Sage Bionetworks, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - E G Gusmao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelstr 19, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - L Shu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Dr East, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - M Szabat
- Diabetes Research Group, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 5358-2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Y Tang
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden.,Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Ministry of Health, Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - J Wang
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Emergency, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, China
| | - S Salö
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - L Eliasson
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - I Artner
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Fex
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - J D Johnson
- Diabetes Research Group, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, 5358-2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - C B Wollheim
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Center, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J M J Derry
- Sage Bionetworks, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - B Mecham
- Trialomics, 6310 12th Avenue NE, Seattle, Washington 98115, USA
| | - P Spégel
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden.,Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - H Mulder
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - I G Costa
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelstr 19, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - E Zhang
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - A H Rosengren
- Lund University Diabetes Center, CRC 91-11 SUS, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden.,Sage Bionetworks, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Box 100, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Olatunji LA, Omolekulo TE, Usman TO, Kim I. Improvement of oral contraceptive-induced glucose dysregulation and dyslipidemia by valproic acid is independent of circulating corticosterone. Arch Physiol Biochem 2016; 122:123-9. [PMID: 26855320 DOI: 10.3109/13813455.2016.1151892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cardiometabolic disorders are rapidly becoming major public health challenges. Valproic acid (VPA) is a widely prescribed anticonvulsant drug. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that treatment with VPA would improve the regulation of glucose and atherogenic dyslipidemia through reduction in circulating corticosterone. METHODS Female Wistar rats recieved (p.o.) combined oral contraceptive (COC) containing 1.0 µg ethinylestradiol plus 5.0 µg levonorgestrel and valproic acid (VPA; 20 mg) for 8 weeks. RESULTS Treatment with COC led to elevated fasting blood glucose, insulin, corticosterone, triglycerides (TG), TG/HDL-cholesterol ratio, insulin resistance (IR) and impaired glucose tolerance. VPA significantly attenuated the alterations induced by COC treatment, but did not affect the corticosterone level. However, VPA treatment led to significant increases in plasma insulin, corticosterone, atherogenic lipids and impaired glucose tolerance in rats not treated with COC. CONCLUSION The findings in this study suggest that VPA mitigates against the development of COC-induced insulin resistance and dyslipidemia independent of elevated circulating corticosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence A Olatunji
- a Cardiovascular and Molecular Physiology Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences University of Ilorin , Ilorin , Nigeria
- b Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine , Daegu , Republic of Korea , and
| | - Tolulope E Omolekulo
- a Cardiovascular and Molecular Physiology Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences University of Ilorin , Ilorin , Nigeria
| | - Taofeek O Usman
- a Cardiovascular and Molecular Physiology Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences University of Ilorin , Ilorin , Nigeria
| | - InKyeom Kim
- b Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine , Daegu , Republic of Korea , and
- c Department of Pharmacology , Kyungpook National University School of Medicine , Daegu , Republic of Korea
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7
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Khan S, Jena G. Valproic Acid Improves Glucose Homeostasis by Increasing Beta-Cell Proliferation, Function, and Reducing its Apoptosis through HDAC Inhibition in Juvenile Diabetic Rat. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2016; 30:438-46. [PMID: 27079868 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence highlighted that there is a link between type-1 diabetes mellitus and histone deacetylases (HDACs) due to their involvement in beta-cell differentiation, proliferation, and function. The present study aimed to investigate the protective role of valproic acid (VPA) on beta-cell proliferation, function, and apoptosis in juvenile diabetic rat. Diabetes was induced in juvenile Sprague-Dawley rats by streptozotocin (75 mg/kg, i.p.) and VPA was administered at the doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg/day for 3 weeks by oral route. Various biochemical parameters, cellular alterations, and protein expression as well as apoptosis were assessed using different assays. VPA treatment significantly decreased plasma glucose, beta-cell damage, and apoptosis as well as increased the beta-cell function, insulin level/expression. The present study demonstrated that VPA improves beta-cell proliferation and function as well as reduces beta-cell apoptosis through HDAC inhibition. Our findings provide evidence that VPA may be useful for the treatment of juvenile diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabbir Khan
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India.
| | - Gopabandhu Jena
- Facility for Risk Assessment and Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India.
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8
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Rakitin A, Kõks S, Haldre S. Valproate modulates glucose metabolism in patients with epilepsy after first exposure. Epilepsia 2015; 56:e172-5. [PMID: 26250143 DOI: 10.1111/epi.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Valproate (VPA) treatment has been reported to be associated with weight gain and metabolic changes, such as hyperinsulinemia. The question of whether hyperinsulinemia and other metabolic changes are consequences of increased weight, or are instead direct results of VPA treatment, remains a matter of debate. The aim of the current study was to explore the influence of VPA treatment on glucose and insulin levels during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) directly following the first intravenous (IV) administration. Sixteen patients (18-46 years old) with newly diagnosed epilepsy underwent an OGTT with 75 g glucose prior to the start of VPA treatment, as well as directly following the first IV VPA administration. We observed that plasma glucose levels during the 120 min of OGTT session following infusion of VPA were significantly lower than those measured during OGTT without VPA treatment (mean ± standard deviation [SD] 4.28 ± 0.94 mmol/l vs. 4.75 ± 1.09 mmol/l respectively, p = 0.038). However, blood concentrations of insulin and C-peptide did not differ significantly between the two measurements. This is the first study to show a potential acute glucose-lowering effect of VPA during OGTT in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei Rakitin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sulev Kõks
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Center of Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sulev Haldre
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Neurology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
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