1
|
Zhao Y, Si S, Ren Y, Wu X, Zhang Z, Tian Y, Li J, Li Y, Hou M, Yao X, Xu Z, Jiang R, Kang X, Gong Y, Li Q, Tian Y. Marine red yeast supplementation improves laying performance by regulating small intestinal homeostasis in aging chickens. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 18:177-190. [PMID: 39263442 PMCID: PMC11388669 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that age-related aging evolution is accompanied by imbalances in intestinal homeostasis. Marine red yeast (MRY) is a functional probiotic that has been shown to have antioxidant, immune and other properties. Therefore, we chose 900 healthy Hy-Line Brown hens at 433 d old as the research subjects and evaluated the correlation between intestinal health, laying performance, and egg quality in aged hens through the supplementation of MRY. These laying hens were assigned into 5 groups and received diet supplementation with 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2% MRY for 12 weeks. The results showed that MRY supplementation increased egg production rate, average egg weight, and egg quality, and decreased feed conversion ratio and daily feed intake (P < 0.05). The MRY supplement improved antioxidant indicators such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), stimulated villus height, and increased the villus height to crypt depth ratio (V/C ratio) in the intestine (P < 0.05). It also regulated the expression of intestinal inflammatory factors (transforming growth factor-β [TGF-β], interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]) while increasing serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels (P < 0.05). Furthermore, MRY supplementation upregulated the mRNA expression of tight junction proteins (occludin and zonula occludens-1 [ZO-1]), anti-apoptotic gene (Bcl-2), and autophagy-related proteins (beclin-1 and light chain 3I [LC3I]) in the intestine (P < 0.05). The MRY supplement also led to an increase in the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the cecum, and the relative abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes, and genera Bacteroides and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group. The LEfSe analysis revealed an enrichment of Sutterella and Akkermansia muciniphila. In conclusion, the results of this experiment indicated that the additional supplementation of MRY can improve the production performance of laying hens and may contribute to the restoration and balance of intestinal homeostasis, which supports the application potential of MRY as a green and efficient feed additive for improving the laying performance in chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yudian Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Sujin Si
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yangguang Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xing Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yixiang Tian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Jing Li
- AB Vista, Marlborough SN8 4AN, UK
| | - Yijie Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Meng Hou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xueyang Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhaoheng Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ruirui Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yujie Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Henan College of Animal Husbandry and Economics, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yadong Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Innovation and Utilization of Chicken Germplasm Resources, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Goetz BM, Abeyta MA, Rodriguez-Jimenez S, Opgenorth J, McGill JL, Fensterseifer SR, Arias RP, Lange AM, Galbraith EA, Baumgard LH. Effects of a multistrain Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial on gastrointestinal permeability and biomarkers of inflammation during and following feed restriction in mid-lactation Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:6192-6210. [PMID: 38395402 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Objectives were to evaluate the effects of a multistrain Bacillus-based (Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus blend) direct-fed microbial (DFM) on production, metabolism, inflammation biomarkers and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) permeability during and following feed restriction (FR) in mid-lactation Holstein cows. Multiparous cows (n = 36; 138 ± 53 DIM) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments: (1) control (CON; 7.5 g/d rice hulls; n = 12), (2) DFM10 (10 g/d Bacillus DFM, 4.9 × 109 cfu/d; n = 12) or 3) DFM15 (15 g/d Bacillus DFM, 7.4 × 109 cfu/d; n = 12). Before study initiation, cows were fed their respective treatments for 32 d. Cows continued to receive treatments during the trial, which consisted of 3 experimental periods (P): P1 (5 d) served as baseline for P2 (5 d), during which all cows were restricted to 40% of P1 DMI, and P3 (5 d), a "recovery" where cows were fed ad libitum. On d 4 of P1 and on d 2 and 5 of P2, GIT permeability was evaluated in vivo using the oral paracellular marker Cr-EDTA. As anticipated, FR decreased milk production, insulin, glucagon, and BUN but increased nonesterified fatty acids. During recovery, DMI rapidly increased on d 1 then subsequently decreased (4.9 kg) on d 2 before returning to baseline, whereas milk yield slowly increased but remained decreased (13%) relative to P1. The DFM10 cows had increased DMI and milk yield relative to DFM15 during P3 (10%). Overall, milk lactose content was increased in DFM cows relative to CON (0.10 percentage units), and DFM10 cows tended to have increased lactose yield relative to CON and DFM15 during P3 (8% and 10%, respectively). No overall treatment differences were observed for other milk composition variables. Circulating glucose was quadratically increased in DFM10 cows compared with CON and DFM15 during FR and recovery. Plasma Cr area under the curve was increased in all cows on d 2 (9%) and 5 (6%) relative to P1. Circulating LPS binding protein (LBP), serum amyloid A (SAA), and haptoglobin (Hp) increased in all cows during P2 compared with baseline (31%, 100%, and 9.0-fold, respectively). Circulating Hp concentrations continued to increase during P3 (274%). Overall, circulating LBP and Hp tended to be increased in DFM15 cows relative to DFM10 (29% and 81%, respectively), but no treatment differences were observed for SAA. Following feed reintroduction during P3, fecal pH initially decreased (0.62 units), but returned to baseline levels whereas fecal starch markedly increased (2.5-fold) and remained increased (82%). Absolute quantities of a fecal Butyryl-CoA CoA transferase (but) gene associated with butyrate synthesis, collected by fecal swab were increased in DFM10 cows compared with CON and DFM15 cows. In summary, FR increased GIT permeability, caused inflammation, and decreased production. Feeding DFM10 increased some key production and metabolism variables and upregulated a molecular biomarker of microbial hindgut butyrate synthesis, while DFM15 appeared to augment immune activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B M Goetz
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - M A Abeyta
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | | | - J Opgenorth
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - J L McGill
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | | | - R P Arias
- United Animal Health Inc., Sheridan, IN 46069
| | - A M Lange
- Microbial Discovery Group, Oak Creek, WI 53154
| | | | - L H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Song M, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Guo L, Liang W, Li C, Wang Z. Bacillus coagulans restores pathogen-induced intestinal dysfunction via acetate-FFAR2-NF-κB-MLCK-MLC axis in Apostichopus japonicus. mSystems 2024; 9:e0060224. [PMID: 38940521 PMCID: PMC11265352 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00602-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin ulceration syndrome (SUS) is currently the main disease threatening Apostichopus japonicus aquaculture due to its higher mortality rate and infectivity, which is caused by Vibrio splendidus. Our previous studies have demonstrated that SUS is accompanied by intestinal microbiota (IM) dysbiosis, alteration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) content and the damage to the intestinal barrier. However, the mediating effect of IM on intestine dysfunction is largely unknown. Herein, we conducted comprehensive intestinal microbiota transplantation (IMT) to explore the link between IM and SUS development. Furthermore, we isolated and identified a Bacillus coagulans strain with an ability to produce acetic acid from both healthy individual and SUS individual with IM from healthy donors. We found that dysbiotic IM and intestinal barrier function in SUS recipients A. japonicus could be restored by IM from healthy donors. The B. coagulans strain could restore IM community and intestinal barrier function. Consistently, acetate supply also restores intestinal homeostasis of SUS-diseased and V. splendidus-infected A. japonicus. Mechanically, acetate was found to specifically bind to its receptor-free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2) to mediate IM structure community and intestinal barrier function. Knockdown of FFAR2 by transfection of specific FFAR2 siRNA could hamper acetate-mediated intestinal homeostasis in vivo. Furthermore, we confirmed that acetate/FFAR2 could inhibit V. splendidus-activated NF-κB-MLCK-MLC signaling pathway to restore intestinal epithelium integrity and upregulated the expression of ZO-1 and Occludin. Our findings provide the first evidence that B. coagulans restores pathogen-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction via acetate/FFAR2-NF-κB-MLCK-MLC axis, which provides new insights into the control and prevention of SUS outbreak from an ecological perspective.IMPORTANCESkin ulceration syndrome (SUS) as a main disease in Apostichopus japonicus aquaculture has severely restricted the developmental A. japonicus aquaculture industry. Intestinal microbiota (IM) has been studied extensively due to its immunomodulatory properties. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as an essential signal molecule for microbial regulation of host health also have attracted wide attention. Therefore, it is beneficial to explore the link between IM and SUS for prevention and control of SUS. In the study, the contribution of IM to SUS development has been examined. Additionally, our research further validated the restoration of SCFAs on intestinal barrier dysfunction caused by SUS via isolating SCFAs-producing bacteria. Notably, this restoration might be achieved by inhibition of NF-κB-MLCK-MLC signal pathway, which could be activated by V. splendidus. These findings may have important implications for exploration of the role of IM in SUS occurrence and provide insight into the SUS treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingshan Song
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Liyuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Weikang Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chenghua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- Shandong Beiyou Biotechnology Co.,Ltd., Weifang, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ahmad R, Yu YH, Hsiao FSH, Liu HW, Su CH, Cheng YH. Impact of Bacillus licheniformis-Fermented Products on Growth and Productivity in Heat-Stressed Laying Ducks. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1164. [PMID: 38672313 PMCID: PMC11047302 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of various concentrations of Bacillus licheniformis-fermented products (BLFP) on the growth and productivity of laying ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) subjected to heat stress during eight weeks of a feeding trial. A total of 150 one-day-old Brown Tsaiya ducks of both sexes were divided into five groups, with each group having three replicates and 10 ducks each for evaluation of growth performance. The treatment groups received dietary supplements of BLFP at levels of 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%, along with a group receiving flavomycin (F) at 5 ppm, all over a 24-week period. The fermentation process in this study utilized a B. licheniformis strain (ATCC 12713) for the production of the spores through solid-state fermentation. The control group was given a basal diet consisting of yellow corn and soybean meal. The results showed that as compared to the flavomycin group, ducks in the 0.3% BLFP group had significantly higher body weights and better feed conversion rates. In addition, during the three weeks, the BLFP group showed higher feed consumption as compared to the control group. The jejunum villi length was significantly increased in the 0.2% BLPF group as compared to the control and flavomycin groups. This study also found that the flavomycin group had a significantly higher egg conversion rate, while the 0.1-0.3% BLFP groups had improved feed intake and the 0.3% group had significantly enhanced egg yolk color. Additionally, the 0.2% BLFP group showed substantial decreases in IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 levels in the liver as well as an uptick in the tight junction protein Occludin gene expression in the colon when compared to the control group. Furthermore, the expression of the heat shock protein 70 in the gut upregulated in the 0.1% and 0.2% BLFP groups. In conclusion, these observations demonstrate that dietary supplementation of 0.2% BLFP is an ideal concentration to increase gut morphology, alleviate inflammatory response, and promote gut integrity in heat-stressed laying ducks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafiq Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Sciences, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047, Taiwan; (R.A.); (Y.-H.Y.); (F.S.-H.H.); (H.-W.L.)
| | - Yu-Hsiang Yu
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Sciences, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047, Taiwan; (R.A.); (Y.-H.Y.); (F.S.-H.H.); (H.-W.L.)
| | - Felix Shih-Hsiang Hsiao
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Sciences, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047, Taiwan; (R.A.); (Y.-H.Y.); (F.S.-H.H.); (H.-W.L.)
| | - Hsiu-Wei Liu
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Sciences, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047, Taiwan; (R.A.); (Y.-H.Y.); (F.S.-H.H.); (H.-W.L.)
| | - Chin-Hui Su
- Eastern Region Branch, Taiwan Livestock Research Institute, Yilan 268020, Taiwan;
| | - Yeong-Hsiang Cheng
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Sciences, National Ilan University, Yilan 26047, Taiwan; (R.A.); (Y.-H.Y.); (F.S.-H.H.); (H.-W.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tajudeen H, Ha SH, Hosseindoust A, Mun JY, Park S, Park S, Choi P, Hermes RG, Taechavasonyoo A, Rodriguez R, Kim J. Effect of dietary inclusion of Bacillus-based probiotics on performance, egg quality, and the faecal microbiota of laying hen. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:689-696. [PMID: 38271980 PMCID: PMC10915221 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our study examined the impact of propriety blends of Bacillus strain probiotics on the performance, egg quality, and faecal microflora of laying hens. METHODS A total of 183 Institut de selection Animale (ISA) brown laying hens aged 23 weeks with an average body weight of 1,894±72 g were randomly allocated into 3 groups as control (corn-soybean meal based diet, CON), 0.5 g/kg Enterosure probiotics (ET1, 3×108 colony-forming unit [CFU]/kg feed), and 5 g/kg Enterosure probiotics (ET2, 3×109 CFU/kg feed) administered in mashed form. At the completion of each phase hen day egg production (HDEP), average egg weight (AEW), feed intake, and faecal microbiota were evaluated. RESULTS HDEP and AEW were higher (p<0.05) in the ET2-supplemented diet in phase 3 (week 9 to 12) compared with CON. Egg mass (EM) was higher (p<0.05) in phase 2 at ET2, and also higher (p<0.05) in phase 3 at the ET1 and ET2-supplemented diets compared with CON. Feed conversion ratio was lower (p<0.05) in phase 3 at the ET1 and ET2-supplemented diets, with ET2 being the lowest compared with ET1 and CON. Yolk colour was higher (p<0.05) in the ET-supplemented diets at phase 3 compared with CON. Bifidobacterium spp. was higher (p<0.05) in the ET2- supplemented diet compared with CON in phase 2, while in In phase 3, Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. were higher (p<0.05) in the ET-supplemented diets compared with CON. Coliforms were lower (p<0.05) in the ETsupplemented diets compared with CON in phase 3. CONCLUSION The propriety blends of Bacillus strain probiotics supplements at 0.5 g/kg and 5 g/kg could improve the production and quality of eggs with more significance at 5 g/kg for HDEP, AEW and EM, which was achieved via the increase of beneficial microbiomes such as Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., and the decrease of pathogenic microbiomes like Escherichia coli and Coliforms which was speculated to improve gut barrier function and the reproductive hormone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Habeeb Tajudeen
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341,
Korea
| | - Sang Hun Ha
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341,
Korea
| | - Abdolreza Hosseindoust
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341,
Korea
| | - Jun Young Mun
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341,
Korea
| | - Serin Park
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341,
Korea
| | - SangIn Park
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341,
Korea
| | - PokSu Choi
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341,
Korea
| | - Rafael Gustavo Hermes
- Kemin Industries Inc Headquarters, 1900 Scott Ave Des Moines, Des Moines, IA, 50317,
USA
| | | | - Raquel Rodriguez
- Kemin Industries Inc Headquarters, 1900 Scott Ave Des Moines, Des Moines, IA, 50317,
USA
| | - JinSoo Kim
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341,
Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khan A, Kango N, Srivastava R. Impact of Dietary Probiotics on the Immune and Reproductive Physiology of Pubertal Male Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) Administered at the Onset of Pre-Puberty. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-023-10209-9. [PMID: 38170389 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10209-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Fertility in males is dependent on the proper production of sperms involving the synchronization of numerous factors like oxidative stress, inflammatory processes, and hormonal regulation. Inflammation associated with oxidative stress is also known to impair sperm function. Nutritional factors like probiotics and prebiotics have the potential benefits to modulate these factors which may enhance male fertility. In the present study, immature male Japanese quail at the beginning of 3rd week were administered with Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L), Bifidobacterium longum (B), and mannan-oligosaccharides (M) through dietary supplementation in individual groups as well as in combinations like LB and MLB. Markers of oxidative stress including SOD and catalase were examined by native PAGE; inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1β, IL-10, and NFκB), apoptotic markers (caspase 3 and caspase 7), steroidal hormones, and their receptors estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ) were assessed in testis. The study reveals that dietary supplementation of 1% L, B, and M in combination significantly and positively increases the overall growth of immature male quail specifically testicular weight and gonadosomatic index (GSI). Furthermore, significant improvement in testicular cell size; increased steroidal hormones like testosterone, FSH, and LH levels; increase in SOD, catalase enzymes; decrease in apoptotic factors Caspase 3, Caspase 7 and immune system strength observed indicated by a decrease in expression of IL-1β, NFκB; and increase of IL-10 in testis when LBM was used in combination. These variations are attributed to the increase in testicular estrogen receptors alpha and beta, facilitated by the neuroendocrine gonadal axis, ultimately leading to improved male fertility. It can be concluded that the dietary supplementation in combination with L, B, and M enhances male fertility in immature quail by increased expression of estrogen receptors via gut microbiota modulation. It also sheds light on the potential use of these nutritional factors in avian species as therapeutic interventions to overcome low fertility problems in quail thereby benefitting the poultry industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Khan
- Avian Reproductive Physiology & Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, 470003, India
| | - Naveen Kango
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, 470003, India
| | - Rashmi Srivastava
- Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P., 211002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Qin S, Xiao X, Dai Z, Zhao G, Cui Z, Wu Y, Yang C. Effects of Bacillus licheniformis on growth performance, immune and antioxidant functions, and intestinal microbiota of broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103210. [PMID: 37980737 PMCID: PMC10684393 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus licheniformis (BL) has been widely regarded as an important growth promoter in recent years. However, its usage in animal industry still needs more foundations. The aim of our study was to study the effects of BL on the growth performance, immunity, oxidative function and intestinal flora of broilers. A total of 760 one-day-old yellow-feathered broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups with 10 replicates per group and 19 broilers per replicate. The broilers in the control group (CON) were fed with basal diet. The treatment groups were supplemented with 250 mg/kg (BL250), 500 mg/kg (BL500) and 750 mg/kg (BL750) BL in the basal diet for 70 d. Results showed that BL groups significantly increased the body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG), decreased average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). In addition, the spleen and bursa indexes were higher in the BL groups than that in the CON group at d 70. BL supplementation also markedly increased the levels of immunoglobulins Y (IgY), IgA and anti-inflammatory interleukin 10 (IL-10), reduced the levels of proinflammatory IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and IL-2 in the serum at 70 d in a concentration-dependent manner. Besides, BL addition significantly increased the levels of series antioxidant enzymes including total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), and decreased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum. Moreover, BL groups showed an obvious increase of isobutyric acid markedly and BL500 group significantly promoted the level of isovaleric acid in cecal contents of broilers. Finally, microbial analysis showed that BL supplementation presented visual separations of microbial composition and increased the relative abundance of p_Proteobacteria, g_Elusimicrobium, and g_Parasutterella comparing with the CON group. Together, this study inferred that dietary BL supplementation improved the growth performance, immune and antioxidant functions, changed the intestinal microflora structure and metabolites of yellow-feathered broilers, which laid a good basis for the application of probiotics in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songke Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhenglie Dai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Guiling Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Zhenchuan Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yanping Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Caimei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang X, Jian H, Zhao W, Li J, Zou X, Dong X. Effects of dietary Bacillus coagulans on the productive performance, egg quality, serum parameters, and intestinal morphology of laying hens during the late laying period. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2163931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huafeng Jian
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiankui Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Zou
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyang Dong
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu S, Xiao G, Wang Q, Zhang Q, Tian J, Li W, Gong L. Effects of Dietary Bacillus subtilis HC6 on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Immunity, and Intestinal Health in Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2915. [PMID: 37760314 PMCID: PMC10526030 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of Bacillus subtilis HC6 on the growth performance, immunity, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal health of broilers. A total of 180 one-day-old white feather broilers were randomly divided into two experimental groups, each comprising six replicates of fifteen chicks from 1 to 50 d of age. The groups were either fed a basal diet (CON) or the same diet supplemented with 5 × 108 cfu/kg of Bacillus subtilis HC6 (BS). Our results indicated that compared with the CON, dietary supplementation with BS increased feed efficiency during d 21-50 and d 1-50 (p < 0.05). Moreover, BS supplementation enhanced antioxidant capacity in the serum and liver, and also decreased the activity of diamine oxidase and the level of endotoxins (p < 0.05). Additionally, BS treatment increased the villi height in the jejunum and ileum, increased the ratio of villus height/crypt depth in the ileum, upregulated the expression of tight junction proteins in the jejunal mucosa, and downregulated the levels of IL-22 and IFN-γ on day 50 (p < 0.05). Principal coordinates analysis yielded clear clustering of two groups; dietary BS increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidales_unclassified (genus) and Olsenella (genus), and decreased the abundance of genera Alistipes on day 50, which identified a strong correlation with FCR, serum differential metabolites, or differential gene expression in the jejunal mucosa by spearman correlation analysis. The PICRUSt2 analysis revealed that supplementation with BS enriched the pathways related to xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, signaling molecules and interaction, the digestive system, and transport and catabolism. These results demonstrated that dietary BS increased feed efficiency, antioxidant capacity, and the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the jejunal mucosa; and decreased the activity of diamine oxidase in serum, which might be attributed to the modulation of community composition and the functions of cecal microbiota in white-feathered broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shun Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (S.L.); (G.X.); (Q.Z.); (J.T.)
| | - Gengsheng Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (S.L.); (G.X.); (Q.Z.); (J.T.)
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Q.W.); (W.L.)
| | - Qingyang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (S.L.); (G.X.); (Q.Z.); (J.T.)
| | - Jinpeng Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (S.L.); (G.X.); (Q.Z.); (J.T.)
| | - Weifen Li
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Q.W.); (W.L.)
| | - Li Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China; (S.L.); (G.X.); (Q.Z.); (J.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
He H, Yu Q, Ding Z, Zhang L, Shi G, Li Y. Biotechnological and food synthetic biology potential of platform strain: Bacillus licheniformis. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2023; 8:281-291. [PMID: 37090063 PMCID: PMC10119484 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus licheniformis is one of the most characteristic Gram-positive bacteria. Its unique genetic background and safety characteristics make it have important biologic applications in the food industry, including, the biosynthesis of high value-added bioproducts, probiotic functions, biological treatment of wastes derived from food production, etc. In this review, these recent advances are summarized and presented systematically for the first time. In addition, we highlight synthetic biology strategies as a potential driver of developing this strain for wider and more efficient application in the food industry. Finally, we present the current challenges faced and provide our unique perspective on relevant future research directions. In summary, this review will provide an illuminating and comprehensive perspective that will allow an in-depth understanding of B. licheniformis and promote its more effective development in the food industry.
Collapse
|
11
|
Han Y, Xu X, Wang J, Cai H, Li D, Zhang H, Yang P, Meng K. Dietary Bacillus licheniformis shapes the foregut microbiota, improving nutrient digestibility and intestinal health in broiler chickens. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1113072. [PMID: 36846755 PMCID: PMC9950405 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1113072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus licheniformis is considered a potential alternative to antibiotic growth promoters of animal growth and health. However, the effects of Bacillus licheniformis on the foregut and hindgut microbiota, and their relationships with nutrient digestion and health, in broiler chickens remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to identify the effects of Bacillus licheniformis BCG on intestinal digestion and absorption, tight junctions, inflammation, and the fore- and hind-gut microbiota. We randomly assigned 240 1-day-old male AA broilers into three treatment groups: CT (basal diet), BCG1 (basal diet + 1.0 × 108 CFU/kg B. licheniformis BCG), and BCG2 (basal diet + 1.0 × 109 CFU/kg B. licheniformis BCG). On day 42, the jejunal and ileal chyme and mucosa were subjected to analysis of digestive enzyme activity, nutrient transporters, tight junctions, and signaling molecules associated with inflammation. The ileal and cecal chyme were subjected to microbiota analysis. Compared with the CT group, the B. licheniformis BCG group showed significantly greater jejunal and ileal α-amylase, maltase, and sucrase activity; moreover, the α-amylase activity in the BCG2 group was higher than that in the BCG1 group (P < 0.05). The transcript abundance of FABP-1 and FATP-1 in the BCG2 group was significantly greater than that in the CT and BCG1 groups, and the GLUT-2 and LAT-1 relative mRNA levels were greater in the BCG2 group than the CT group (P < 0.05). Dietary B. licheniformis BCG resulted in significantly higher ileal occludin, and lower IL-8 and TLR-4 mRNA levels than observed in the CT group (P < 0.05). B. licheniformis BCG supplementation significantly decreased bacterial community richness and diversity in the ileum (P < 0.05). Dietary B. licheniformis BCG shaped the ileac microbiota by increasing the prevalence of f_Sphingomonadaceae, Sphingomonas, and Limosilactobacillus, and contributed to nutrient digestion and absorption; moreover, it enhanced the intestinal barrier by increasing the prevalence of f_Lactobacillaceae, Lactobacillus, and Limosilactobacillus. Dietary B. licheniformis BCG decreased microbial community diversity by diminishing Desulfovibrio, Alistipes, Campylobacter, Vibrio, Streptococcus, and Escherichia coli-Shigella levels, and down-regulating inflammatory associated molecule expression. Therefore, dietary B. licheniformis BCG contributed to digestion and absorption of nutrients, enhanced the intestinal physical barrier, and decreased intestinal inflammation in broilers by decreasing microbial diversity and optimizing the microbiota structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunsheng Han
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China,National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Beijin, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China,National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Beijin, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China,National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Beijin, China
| | - Hongying Cai
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China,National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Beijin, China
| | - Daojie Li
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China,National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Beijin, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Chengde Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Chengde, China
| | - Peilong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China,National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Beijin, China,Peilong Yang,
| | - Kun Meng
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China,National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Beijin, China,*Correspondence: Kun Meng,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sun W, Chen W, Meng K, Cai L, Li G, Li X, Jiang X. Dietary Supplementation with Probiotic Bacillus licheniformis S6 Improves Intestinal Integrity via Modulating Intestinal Barrier Function and Microbial Diversity in Weaned Piglets. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020238. [PMID: 36829515 PMCID: PMC9953057 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus licheniformis (B. Licheniformis) has been considered to be an effective probiotic to maintain gut health and boost productivity in the pig industry, but there is no complete understanding of its mechanisms. We determined whether weaned piglets exposed to BL-S6 (probiotic) had altered intestinal barrier function or microbiota composition. In our study, 108 weaned piglets (54 barrows and 54 gilts) were divided equally into three groups, each with six pens and six piglets/pen, and fed a basal diet supplemented without or with antibiotic (40 g/t of Virginiamycin and 500 g/t of Chlortetracycline) or probiotic (1000 g/t of B. Licheniformis) for a 14-day trial. On day 14, one piglet was chosen from each pen to collect blood and intestinal samples. Compared with the control group, dietary supplementation with a probiotic promoted body weight (BW) gain and average daily gains (ADG) while reducing diarrhea incidence (p < 0.05). Probiotics enhanced superoxidase dismutase (SOD) activity and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in serum (p < 0.05), and increased the level of mRNA expression of SOD1, Nrf2, and HO-1 (p < 0.05) in the jejunum mucosa. Moreover, supplementation with probiotics improved intestinal mucosal integrity as evidenced by higher villus heights and a higher ratio of villus heights to crypt depths (duodenum and jejunum) and higher mRNA and protein levels of occludin and ZO-1 in jejunum mucosa (p < 0.05). The intestinal sIgA levels (p < 0.05) were elevated in the probiotic group, and that of serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) tended to be higher (p = 0.09). Furthermore, weaning piglets who were given probiotics had a better balance of the cecum microbiota, with lactobacillus abundance increased and clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 abundance decreased. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with the probiotic BL-S6 promoted intestinal integrity, which was associated, in part, with modulating intestinal barrier function and microbial diversity in weaned piglets; it may offer a promising alternative to antibiotics to prevent diarrhea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenning Chen
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kun Meng
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Long Cai
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guiguan Li
- COFCO Feed Co., Ltd., Beijing 100020, China
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (X.J.); Tel.: +86-010-82108134 (X.J.)
| | - Xilong Li
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xianren Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (X.J.); Tel.: +86-010-82108134 (X.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yu X, Dai Z, Cao G, Cui Z, Zhang R, Xu Y, Wu Y, Yang C. Protective effects of Bacillus licheniformis on growth performance, gut barrier functions, immunity and serum metabolome in lipopolysaccharide-challenged weaned piglets. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1140564. [PMID: 37033995 PMCID: PMC10073459 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1140564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus licheniformis (B. licheniformis) is a well-accepted probiotic that has many benefits on both humans and animals. This study explored the effects of B. licheniformis on growth performance, intestinal mucosal barrier functions, immunity as well as serum metabolome in the weaned piglets exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). One hundred and twenty piglets weaned at four weeks of age were separated into two groups that received a basal diet (the control group, CON), and a basal diet complemented with B. licheniformis (500 mg/kg, the BL group, BL). Twenty-four piglets were chosen from the above two groups and 12 piglets were injected with LPS intraperitoneally at a concentration of 100 μg/kg and the others were injected with sterile saline solution of the same volume. All the piglets were sacrificed 4 h after LPS challenge. Results showed that B. licheniformis enhanced the ADG and final body weight and lowered the F/G and diarrhea rate. Pre-treatment with B. licheniformis markedly attenuated intestinal mucosal damage induced by LPS challenge. Supplementation with B. licheniformis strengthened immune function and suppressed inflammatory response by elevating the concentrations of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A and jejunum mucosal IgA and IgG and decreasing serum IL-6 and jejunum mucosal IL-1β. In addition, B. licheniformis pretreatment prevented LPS-induced intestinal injury by regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, pretreatment with B. licheniformis tended to reverse the reduction of acetate and propionic acids in the colonic contents that occurred due to LPS stress. B. licheniformis markedly modulated the metabolites of saccharopine and allantoin from lysine and purine metabolic pathways, respectively. Overall, these data emphasize the potentiality of B. licheniformis as a dietary supplement to overcome the challenge of bacterial LPS in the animal and to enhance the food safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenglie Dai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangtian Cao
- College of Standardisation, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenchuan Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruiqiang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinglei Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caimei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Caimei Yang,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Salem GA, Mohamed AAR, Ghonimi WAM, Abdallah HM, Rhouma NR, Ali RI. The synbiotic mixture of Bacillus licheniformis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae extract aggravates dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis in rats. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:405. [PMID: 36384756 PMCID: PMC9667625 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03479-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uncertain effects of probiotics and/or prebiotics have been reported in experimental and clinical colitis. This study aims to examine the effects of a synbiotic combination comprising Bacillus licheniformis DSM 17236 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall extract on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in Sprague Dawley rats. METHODS Acute colitis was induced in rats by oral administration of DSS 3.5% for 7 days. Fifty rats were divided equally into five groups; one control group and the other groups were induced with colitis and treated with or without the tested synbiotic, mixed with diet, for 28 days and sulfasalazine (100 mg/kg) via intragastric tube once daily for 14 days. RESULTS Symptomatically, the synbiotic administration raised the disease activity index (DAI) to comparable scores of the DSS group, specially from the 2nd to 7th days post DSS intoxication. It also induced a significant (p < 0.05) amplification of WBCs, myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) expression and proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interferon gamma (INFγ), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) while depressed the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) when compared with the DSS and control groups. The DSS intoxicated and Synbiotic+DSS groups showed desquamations of the covering epithelium, noticeable diffuse leukocytic infiltrations, sever catarrhal enteritis, ischemic colitis with diffuse coagulative necrosis of the entire colonic mucosa. Contrarily, sulfasalazine proved to be effective in the reduction of the tested inflammatory markers and the pathological degenerative changes of the DSS ulcerative colitis. CONCLUSION The examined synbiotic did not ameliorate but aggravated the DSS-induced colitis, so it should be subjected to intensive experimental and clinical testing before their use in animals and human.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gamal A Salem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44519, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Amany Abdel-Rahman Mohamed
- Departments of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Wael A M Ghonimi
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - H M Abdallah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Nasreddin R Rhouma
- Department of Micobiology, Faculty of Science, Misurata University, Misurata, P.O. Box 2478, Libya
| | - Reem I Ali
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Banha University, Banha, 13518, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis on Growth Performance, Organ Weight, Digestive Enzyme Activities, and Serum Biochemical Indices in Broiler. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12121558. [PMID: 35739895 PMCID: PMC9219452 DOI: 10.3390/ani12121558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementing Bacillus subtilis and an antibiotic (Zinc bacitracin) in the diet of broilers on growth performance, organ weight, blood metabolites, and digestive enzymes of broiler chickens. A total of 600 1-d Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allotted to five treatments. Each treatment consisted of six replicates with four pens, and each pen had five birds. The chicks were fed (1) the basal diet (control), (2) the basal diet with 500 mg/kg Zinc bacitracin (APZ), (3) the basal diet with B. subtilis at 1 × 108 CFU/g (B.Sut-1), (4) the basal diet with B. subtilis at 3 × 108 CFU/g (B.Sut-3), and (5) the basal diet with B. subtilis at 5 × 108 CFU/g (B.Sut-5). The experiment lasted for 42 days. In this study, the supplementation of diets with B. subtilis (B.Sut-3 and B.Sut-5 groups) increased body weight gain from 1 to 21 days compared with control (p < 0.05). Additionally, the B.Sut-3 group had a significantly heavier bursa of Fabricius than control at 21 days (p < 0.05). Serum total protein, albumin, and high-density lipoprotein concentrations were increased in B.Sut-5 and APZ groups (p < 0.05) over the whole period. Serum low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, and total cholesterol concentrations were decreased in B.Sut-5 and APZ groups at 21 and 42 days (p < 0.05). Chicks in the B.Sut-5 and APZ groups had higher serum lipase, pepsin, and amylase activities (p < 0.05) at 21 and 42 days. From the results obtained from the study, it can be concluded that Bacillus subtilis ATCC19659 at 5 × 108 CFU/g could be applied as an alternative to antibiotics in poultry diets.
Collapse
|
16
|
Pan X, Cai Y, Kong L, Xiao C, Zhu Q, Song Z. Probiotic Effects of Bacillus licheniformis DSM5749 on Growth Performance and Intestinal Microecological Balance of Laying Hens. Front Nutr 2022; 9:868093. [PMID: 35571886 PMCID: PMC9093703 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.868093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Bacillus licheniformis DSM5749 on the production performance and intestinal health in laying hens. A total of 32-week-old laying hens (Hyline Brown) were randomly assigned to two dietary groups (10 replicates of 27 laying hens), namely, basal diet and basal diet complemented with 200 g/t B. licheniformis (3.2 × 109 CFU/kg). The trial lasted for 8 weeks, and samples were collected at the last week. Results revealed that B. licheniformis DSM5749 significantly improved laying performance, including an increase in egg production rate and average daily egg yield, and a decrease in the feed-to-egg ratio during the entire 8-week experimental period (P < 0.05). B. licheniformis DSM5749 increased the levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the liver and decreased the IL-1 level in the serum (P < 0.05). In addition, the integrity of intestinal morphology (villus height, crypt depth, and villus height/crypt depth), tight junctions (ZO-1, Claudin-1, and Occludin), and lipase vitality in the intestine were potentiated by B. licheniformis DSM5749 in laying hens (P < 0.05). B. licheniformis DSM5749 decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (P < 0.05) in the cecum. Furthermore, B. licheniformis DSM5749 modulated the microbiota in the cecum of the laying hens, increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria (e.g., Prevotella) at the genus level and decreased the relative abundance of potential pathogens (e.g., Desulfovibrio). In conclusion, B. licheniformis DSM5749 can improve laying performance, promote intestinal health, affect the composition of cecal microorganisms, and regulate the intestinal micro-ecological balance, making B. licheniformis a good probiotic candidate for application in the laying hens industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Pan
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yuanli Cai
- College of Life Science, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Linglian Kong
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Chuanpi Xiao
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Qidong Zhu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Zhigang Song
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fermented Myriophyllum aquaticum and Lactobacillus plantarum Affect the Distribution of Intestinal Microbial Communities and Metabolic Profile in Mice. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8050210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This research explores the effects of fermented Myriophyllum aquaticum (F) and Lactobacillus plantarum BW2013 (G) as new feed additives on the gut microbiota composition and metabolic profile of mice. Crude protein (p = 0.045), lipid (p = 0.000), and ash (p = 0.006) contents in Myriophyllum aquaticum (N) were improved, whereas raw fiber (p = 0.031) content was decreased after solid-state fermentation by G. Mice were fed with no additive control (CK), 10%N (N), 10%N + G (NG), 10%F (F), and 10%F + G (FG). High-throughput sequencing results showed that, compared with the CK group, Parabacteroides goldsteinii was increased in treatment groups and that Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Bacteroides vulgatus, and Bacteroides coprocola were increased in the F and FG groups. Bacteroides vulgatus and Bacteroides coprocola were increased in the F group compared with the N group. Metabolomic results showed that vitamin A, myricetin, gallic acid, and luteolin were increased in the F group compared with the N group. Reduction in LPG 18:1 concentration in the N and F groups could be attenuated or even abolished by supplementation with G. Furthermore, 9-oxo-ODA was upregulated in the FG group compared with the F group. Collectively, N, F, and G have beneficial effects on gut microbiota and metabolic profile in mice, especially intake of FG.
Collapse
|
18
|
Bates KA, Higgins C, Neiman M, King KC. Turning the tide on sex and the microbiota in aquatic animals. HYDROBIOLOGIA 2022; 850:3823-3835. [PMID: 37662671 PMCID: PMC10468917 DOI: 10.1007/s10750-022-04862-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Sex-based differences in animal microbiota are increasingly recognized as of biological importance. While most animal biomass is found in aquatic ecosystems and many water-dwelling species are of high economic and ecological value, biological sex is rarely included as an explanatory variable in studies of the aquatic animal microbiota. In this opinion piece, we argue for greater consideration of host sex in studying the microbiota of aquatic animals, emphasizing the many advancements that this information could provide in the life sciences, from the evolution of sex to aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kieran A. Bates
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SZ UK
| | - Chelsea Higgins
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IW 52245 USA
| | - Maurine Neiman
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IW 52245 USA
- Department of Gender, Women’s, and Sexuality Studies, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IW 52245 USA
| | - Kayla C. King
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SZ UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wan Z, Sun N, Luo M, Gan B, Yao Z, Cao X, Wang H, Pan K, Shu G, Zeng Y, Zeng D, Ni X. Promotion of Egg Production Rate and Quality Using Limosilactobacillus oris BSLO 1801, a Potential Probiotic Screened from Feces of Laying Hens with Higher Egg Productive Performance. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 15:535-547. [PMID: 34697775 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09856-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this experiment, laying hens were divided into a high productive group (group H) and a low productive group (group L). The purpose of this experiment was to screen and isolate a potential probiotic associated with the laying rate from group H by comparing the results via 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. The high-throughput sequencing analysis results showed that there were some differences in the composition of the gut microbiome between groups H and L on the Phylum and Genus levels. Through isolation and identification, we screened 16 lactobacilli strains. Among the 16 strains, S5 showed good acid tolerance, bile salt tolerance, and cholesterol degradation. Therefore, we chose strain S5 (identified as Limosilactobacillus oris, named Limosilactobacillus oris BSLO 1801) as a potential probiotic to promote the productivity of ordinary laying hens. During the animal experiment, 288 Hy-line white hens (30 weeks old) were divided into four groups, with six replications (n = 12) per group. The control group received the basic diet, and the treatment groups received the same basic diet supplemented with 107 CFU/kg, 108 CFU/kg, and 109 CFU/kg of BSLO 1801. The laying hens were acclimated to the environment for 1 week before the initiation of the experiment. Dietary supplementation with 107 CFU/kg and 109 CFU/kg of BSLO 1801 increased the laying rate significantly, and the potential probiotic improved the egg weight in all treatment groups. Additionally, the cholesterol content of the yolk dropped significantly in the 109 CFU/kg group, and the weight of egg yolk was significantly increased in all treatment groups. However, no significant differences in eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, protein height, and Haugh unit were observed among the four groups. These results revealed that lactobacilli spp. are important bacteria of the intestinal microbiome in highly productive laying hens, and BSLO 1801 was isolated as a potential probiotic. Through these animal experiments, we also found that adding BSLO 1801 to the basic diet of laying hens could effectively improve the laying rate, average egg weight, and yolk weight and reduce the cholesterol content in egg yolk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wan
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Luo
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Baoxing Gan
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhipeng Yao
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Cao
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hesong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kangcheng Pan
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Zeng
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xueqin Ni
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nishiyama T, Nakagawa K, Imabayashi T, Iwatani S, Yamamoto N, Tsushima N. Probiotic Bacillus subtilis C-3102 Improves Eggshell Quality after Forced Molting in Aged Laying Hens. J Poult Sci 2021; 58:230-237. [PMID: 34899018 PMCID: PMC8630406 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0200081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of probiotic Bacillus subtilis C-3102 feed additive on quality characteristics including strength, thickness, and weight of eggshells of Boris Brown laying hens. The control group (n=64) was fed a basal diet comprised of maize and feed rice, whereas the experimental group (n=64) was fed a basal diet supplemented with B. subtilis C-3102 (3×105 CFU/g) starting at 49 weeks of age. From 67 to 69 weeks, all hens were induced to molt using an anorexic program; then, the birds in both groups returned to their respective diets (from 69 to 82 weeks). Eggshell strength, measured six times with 60 eggs selected before the molting treatment, was significantly greater in the C-3102 group than in the control group at 51, 59, 63, and 66 weeks (3.45, 3.44, 3.28, and 3.13 kg/cm2; P<0.05, 0.05, 0.01, and 0.01, respectively). Moreover, eggshell strength-measured three times after the molting treatment-was significantly greater in the C-3102 group than in the control group at 73 and 77 weeks (3.79 and 3.65 kg/cm2; P<0.01 and 0.01, respectively). Eggshell thickness was also significantly greater in the C-3102 group than in the control group at 73 and 77 weeks (0.400 and 0.390 mm; P<0.01 and 0.01, respectively). Fecal samples collected from eight hens of each group at 70 weeks of age after forced molting, showed a significantly higher proportion of Lactobacillus spp. in the C-3102 group (8.94 log CFU/g) (P<0.05) than in the control group (8.63 log CFU/g). Clostridium spp. abundance was significantly lower in the C-3102 group (2.92 log CFU/g) than in the control group (4.3 log CFU/g). These results suggest that C-3102 supplementation improves eggshell quality in aged laying hens, particularly after forced molting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toki Nishiyama
- Asahi Biocycle Co., Ltd., 4-1, 2-chome, Ebisu-Minami, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-0022, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakagawa
- Asahi Biocycle Co., Ltd., 4-1, 2-chome, Ebisu-Minami, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-0022, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Imabayashi
- Asahi Biocycle Co., Ltd., 4-1, 2-chome, Ebisu-Minami, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-0022, Japan
| | - Shun Iwatani
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Yamamoto
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Tsushima
- Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nawaz AH, Amoah K, Leng QY, Zheng JH, Zhang WL, Zhang L. Poultry Response to Heat Stress: Its Physiological, Metabolic, and Genetic Implications on Meat Production and Quality Including Strategies to Improve Broiler Production in a Warming World. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:699081. [PMID: 34368284 PMCID: PMC8342923 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.699081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuous increase in poultry production over the last decades to meet the high growing demand and provide food security has attracted much concern due to the recent negative impacts of the most challenging environmental stressor, heat stress (HS), on birds. The poultry industry has responded by adopting different environmental strategies such as the use of environmentally controlled sheds and modern ventilation systems. However, such strategies are not long-term solutions and it cost so much for farmers to practice. The detrimental effects of HS include the reduction in growth, deterioration of meat quality as it reduces water-holding capacity, pH and increases drip loss in meat consequently changing the normal color, taste and texture of chicken meat. HS causes poor meat quality by impairing protein synthesis and augmenting undesirable fat in meat. Studies previously conducted show that HS negatively affects the skeletal muscle growth and development by changing its effects on myogenic regulatory factors, insulin growth factor-1, and heat-shock proteins. The focus of this article is in 3-fold: (1) to identify the mechanism of heat stress that causes meat production and quality loss in chicken; (2) to discuss the physiological, metabolic and genetic changes triggered by HS causing setback to the world poultry industry; (3) to identify the research gaps to be addressed in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali H Nawaz
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Kwaku Amoah
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qi Y Leng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jia H Zheng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wei L Zhang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xu Y, Yu Y, Shen Y, Li Q, Lan J, Wu Y, Zhang R, Cao G, Yang C. Effects of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis on growth performance, immunity, short chain fatty acid production, antioxidant capacity, and cecal microflora in broilers. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101358. [PMID: 34358955 PMCID: PMC8350532 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) or Bacillus licheniformis (B. licheniformis) on growth performance, immunity, antioxidant capacity, short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, and the cecal microflora in broiler chickens. In total, 360 male, 1-day-old Cobb 500 birds were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control group was fed a basal diet; the B. subtilis group was fed a basal diet supplemented with 1.5 × 109 CFU/kg B. subtilis; the B. licheniformis group was fed a basal diet supplemented with 1.5 × 109 CFU/kg B. licheniformis. Results showed that chickens supplemented with either B. subtilis or B. licheniformis had comparatively higher (P < 0.05) body weight and average daily gain, whereas no difference (P > 0.05) was observed in feed efficiency. Concentrations of serum IgA, IgY, and IgM, as well as anti-inflammatory IL-10 were significantly increased (P < 0.05), and proinflammatory IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) by B. subtilis or B. licheniformis supplementation. Moreover, chickens fed with diets supplemented by either B. subtilis or B. licheniformis had greater antioxidant capacity, indicated by the notable increases (P < 0.05) in glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, along with decrease (P < 0.05) in malondialdehyde. Compared to the control group, levels of SCFA, excluding acetic and propionic acid, in cecal content had improved (P < 0.05) by adding B. licheniformis, and significant increase (P < 0.05) in acetic and butyric acid was observed with B. subtilis supplementation. Microbial analysis showed that both B. subtilis or B. licheniformis supplementation could increase butyrate-producing bacteria such as Alistipes and Butyricicoccus, and decrease pathogenic bacteria such as the Synergistetes and Gammaproteobacteria. In summary, dietary supplemented with B. subtilis or B. licheniformis improved growth performance, immune status, and antioxidant capacity, increased SCFA production, and modulated cecal microbiota in chickens. Moreover, B. licheniformis was more effective than B. subtilis with the same supplemental amount.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinglei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Junhong Lan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yanping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Ruiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Guantian Cao
- College of Standardisation, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Caimei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kan L, Guo F, Liu Y, Pham VH, Guo Y, Wang Z. Probiotics Bacillus licheniformis Improves Intestinal Health of Subclinical Necrotic Enteritis-Challenged Broilers. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:623739. [PMID: 34084155 PMCID: PMC8168541 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.623739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotic enteritis infection poses a serious threat to poultry production, and there is an urgent need for searching effective antibiotic alternatives to control it with the global ban on in-feed antibiotics. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Bacillus licheniformis replacing enramycin on the growth performance and intestinal health of subclinical necrotic enteritis (SNE)-challenged broilers. In total, 504 1-day-old Arbor Acres male chickens were selected and subsequently assigned into three treatments, including PC (basal diet + SNE challenge), PA (basal diet extra 10 mg/kg enramycin + SNE challenge), and PG (basal diet extra 3.20 × 109 and 1.60 × 109 CFU B. licheniformis per kg diet during 1-21 days and 22-42 days, respectively + SNE challenge). Results showed that B. licheniformis significantly decreased the intestinal lesion scores and down-regulated the Claudin-3 mRNA levels in jejunum of SNE-infected broilers on day 25, but increased the mucin-2 gene expression in broilers on day 42. In addition, B. licheniformis significantly up-regulated the mRNA levels of TRIF and NF-κB of SNE-challenged broilers compared with the control group on day 25 and TLR-4, TRIF compared with the control and the antibiotic group on day 42. The mRNA expression of growth factors (GLP-2 and TGF-β2) and HSPs (HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90) were up-regulated in B. licheniformis supplementary group on days 25 and 42 compared with group PC. LEfSe analysis showed that the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae_UCG_010 was enriched in the PG group; nevertheless, Clostridiales_vadinBB60 and Rnminococcaceae_NK4A214 were in PA. PICRUSt analysis found that the metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, amino acid metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism pathways were enriched, whereas energy metabolism, membrane transport, cell motility, and lipid metabolism were suppressed in B. licheniformis-supplemented groups as compared with the PC control. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of B. licheniformis alleviated the intestinal damage caused by SNE challenge that coincided with modulating intestinal microflora structure and barrier function as well as regulating intestinal mucosal immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Muras A, Romero M, Mayer C, Otero A. Biotechnological applications of Bacillus licheniformis. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 41:609-627. [PMID: 33593221 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1873239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus licheniformis is a Gram positive spore-forming bacterial species of high biotechnological interest with numerous present and potential uses, including the production of bioactive compounds that are applied in a wide range of fields, such as aquaculture, agriculture, food, biomedicine, and pharmaceutical industries. Its use as an expression vector for the production of enzymes and other bioproducts is also gaining interest due to the availability of novel genetic manipulation tools. Furthermore, besides its widespread use as a probiotic, other biotechnological applications of B. licheniformis strains include: bioflocculation, biomineralization, biofuel production, bioremediation, and anti-biofilm activity. Although authorities have approved the use of B. licheniformis as a feed additive worldwide due to the absence of toxigenic potential, some probiotics containing this bacterium are considered unsafe due to the possible transference of antibiotic resistance genes. The wide variability in biological activities and genetic characteristics of this species makes it necessary to establish an exact protocol for describing the novel strains, in order to evaluate its biotechnological potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Muras
- Departmento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Bioloxía-CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Romero
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Celia Mayer
- Departmento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Bioloxía-CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Otero
- Departmento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Bioloxía-CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Deng Y, Xiong X, Liu X, He C, Guo S, Tang S, Qu X. Palygorskite combined probiotics improve the laying performance, hatching performance, egg quality, plasma antioxidative status, and immune response of broiler breeders. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1966845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaowei Xiong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Changqing He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Songchang Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shengguo Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiangyong Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu X, Liu W, Deng Y, He C, Xiao B, Guo S, Zhou X, Tang S, Qu X. Use of encapsulated Bacillus subtilis and essential oils to improve antioxidant and immune status of blood and production and hatching performance of laying hens. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1862715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha, China
| | - Yuying Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha, China
| | - Changqing He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha, China
| | - Bing Xiao
- Hunan Yunfeifeng Agricultural Co. Ltd, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Songchang Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha, China
| | - Xuebin Zhou
- Shanghai Naseco Products Company, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengguo Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangyong Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Schalla MA, Stengel A. Effects of microbiome changes on endocrine ghrelin signaling - A systematic review. Peptides 2020; 133:170388. [PMID: 32846187 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The 28-amino acid peptide hormone ghrelin plays a unique role in the gut-brain axis: It is mainly produced peripherally in gastric X/A-like cells but stimulates food intake centrally via hypothalamic nuclei; thus, providing orexigenic communication between the gut and central food intake-regulatory centers. Another component of the gut-brain axis that gained increasing interest in recent years due to its ability to influence central signaling via metabolites is the gut microbiome. Interestingly, there is increasing evidence that changes in the microbiome are related to alterations in ghrelin expression, secretion, activation and signaling. Since ghrelin is supposedly implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity, changes in the microbiome were hypothesized to improve obesity via modulation of ghrelin abundance and receptor interaction. To shed more light on the association between the microbiome and ghrelin a systematic search of Medline, EMBASE and Web of science using the search term combination "microbiome AND ghrelin" was performed. As a result of the search, 42 publications were included into this systematic review, of which 30 publications reported preclinical and 12 manuscripts presented clinical data. In addition to a critical analysis of the present data, gaps in knowledge were highlighted in order to foster further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martha A Schalla
- Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Andreas Stengel
- Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang Y, Wang H, Wang B, Zhang B, Li W. Effects of manganese and Bacillus subtilis on the reproductive performance, egg quality, antioxidant capacity, and gut microbiota of breeding geese during laying period. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6196-6204. [PMID: 33142537 PMCID: PMC7647850 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of manganese (Mn) and Bacillus subtilis (BS) on the production performance, egg quality, antioxidant capacity, and gut microbiota of breeding geese during laying period. A total of 120 forty-six-week-old breeding geese (Wulong) were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 treatment diets formulated to supply 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg Mn with 5 × 109 CFU/kg or 2.5 × 109 CFU/kg BS for a 10-wk trial. Results showed that dietary supplementation with 20 and 30 mg/kg Mn could decrease the daily feed intake (DFI) of geese. Moreover, 30 mg/kg Mn significantly increased the laying rate. Besides, although Mn addition had no obvious effect on egg quality, 5 × 109 CFU/kg BS was found to elevate the hatching egg hatching rate and eggshell thickness. For the serum hormones, 30 mg/kg Mn promoted estradiol secretion, while 5 × 109 CFU/kg BS increased the level of follicle-stimulating hormone. Furthermore, 20 and 30 mg/kg Mn and 5 × 109 CFU/kg BS significantly enhanced the total antioxidant capacity by increasing the activity of total superoxide dismutases or decreasing the content of malondialdehyde. Dietary supplementation with 5 × 109 CFU/kg BS also increased the intestinal villus height and upregulated the abundance of Fusobacteria, Fusobacteriaceae, Fusobacterium, and Faecalibacterium in cecal content. In addition, 20 and 30 mg/kg Mn elevated the levels of Bacteroidetes, Bacteroidaceae, Bacteroides, and Ruminococcaceae but decreased Streptococcaceae. Importantly, an interaction effect was observed between Mn and BS on the DFI, egg mass, average egg size, and the abundance of Bacteroides as well as Faecalibacterium. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of Mn and BS could improve the production performance, egg quality, antioxidant capacity, intestinal structure, as well as gut microbiota. Supplementation of 30 mg/kg Mn and 5.0 × 109 CFU/kg BS provided the optimal effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Hefei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Baowei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Wenli Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ye M, Wei C, Khalid A, Hu Q, Yang R, Dai B, Cheng H, Wang Z. Effect of Bacillus velezensis to substitute in-feed antibiotics on the production, blood biochemistry and egg quality indices of laying hens. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:400. [PMID: 33097070 PMCID: PMC7583257 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02570-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The excessive use of antibiotics in the livestock feed industry caused inevitable side effects of microbial resistance. Besides this residual antibiotics in animal-derived foodstuff imposed serious health problems for humans. So this study aimed to investigate the potential use of Bacillus velezensis to substitute antibiotics for poultry production. A total of 468, 49-week-old Hy-Line Brown chickens, were randomly divided into four groups the control group (regular diet), experiment group I (0.1% B. veleznesis), experiment group II (0.2% B. veleznesis), and antibiotic group (50 mg/kg flavomycin), with three replicates per group and trial period consisted on 42 days. RESULTS The results showed that, compared with the control group, the average egg production rate and daily feed intake of experimental groups I and II increased significantly (P < 0.05), while the average egg weight was increased in experimental group II as compared to (I) (P < 0.01). The feed conversion ratio was decreased (P > 0.05) in group (II) Egg quality parameters such as yolk weight of the experimental group II was increased, but that of the antibiotic group and experiment group I was decreased, neither significant (P > 0.05). Moreover, the eggshell strength, yolk color, albumen height, and Haugh unit were significantly increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, probiotic groups can increase the progesterone and motilin (P > 0.05) but decrease the secretin and cholecystokinin in the blood plasma (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that B. velezensis can substitute in-feed-antibiotics and improved most of the study parameters significantly. Which suggested that B. velezensis has potential future application value to replace the feed antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Ye
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang Road, Anhui, 230036, Hefei, The People's Republic of China
| | - Chunjie Wei
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang Road, Anhui, 230036, Hefei, The People's Republic of China
| | - Anam Khalid
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang Road, Anhui, 230036, Hefei, The People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Hu
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang Road, Anhui, 230036, Hefei, The People's Republic of China
| | - Ru Yang
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang Road, Anhui, 230036, Hefei, The People's Republic of China
| | - Binghong Dai
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang Road, Anhui, 230036, Hefei, The People's Republic of China
| | - Hengwei Cheng
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, 270 S, Russell ST, IN, 47907, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Zaigui Wang
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130, Changjiang Road, Anhui, 230036, Hefei, The People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhao MF, Liang GD, Zhou YJ, Chi ZP, Zhuang H, Zhu SL, Wang Y, Liu GR, Zhao JB, Liu SL. Novel Bacillus strains from the human gut exert anticancer effects on a broad range of malignancy types. Invest New Drugs 2020; 38:1373-1382. [PMID: 32734371 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-00906-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, but effective therapies remain the topic of many research activities. Many recent studies have thus focused on particular gut microbiota due to their important roles in treating cancers, but very few microbes of therapeutic value have been reported. In this study, we isolated four bacterial strains, BY38, BY40, BY43 and BY45, from the fecal specimens of healthy individuals and cancer patients. The treatment of cancer cells with the products of these cultured bacteria induced significant inhibitory effects on the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells and colorectal cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. A phylogenetic analysis showed that the four anticancer strains belong to the genus Bacillus, and flow cytometry assays indicated that the inhibitory effects might be achieved through the induction of cell apoptosis. These results suggest that these bacteria could be novel and promising anticancer agents against cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man-Fei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health School, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Gong-Da Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health School, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yu-Jie Zhou
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Chi
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - He Zhuang
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Song-Ling Zhu
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Gui-Rong Liu
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China. .,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Jing-Bo Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Public Health School, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- Systemomics Center, College of Pharmacy, and Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China. .,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China. .,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
A multi-approach peptidomic analysis of hen egg white reveals novel putative bioactive molecules. J Proteomics 2020; 215:103646. [PMID: 31927067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chicken egg white is a raw material broadly used as additive for the preparation of food and cosmetoceutical products. To describe its molecular properties, various proteomic investigations were performed in the last decade characterizing highly abundant components. No peptidomic counterparts were accomplished so far; scientific literature only reports on the characterization of specific bioactive peptides or preparations from egg white and its hydrolysates, which was performed through dedicated functional assays. In this study, a broad description of the egg white peptidome at 24, 336 and 672 h after laying was achieved using three peptide extraction procedures, which were combined with MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS and nanoLC-ESI-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS analyses. In the whole, 506 peptides were characterized; they mostly resulted from the physiological degradation of intact proteins following the activity of endoprotease ArgC-, trypsin- and plasmin-like enzymes. Eventual detection of peptide post-translational modifications also provided structural information on parental proteins. When analyzed by bioinformatics and/or compared with literature data, identified peptides allowed recognizing a number of protein fragments associated with different hypothetical biological activities. These results confirmed previous observations regarding functional characteristics of egg white unfractionated preparations or purified molecules, emphasizing the useful application of this raw material in human nutrition and cosmetics. Finally, a comparative label-free peptidomic evaluation of samples stored for different times under refrigeration identified 31 peptides showing significant quantitative changes during storage. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study provided the largest inventory of peptides described in chicken egg while so far. In addition, it identified a number of protein fragments associated with hypothetical antihypertensive, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, antiviral, antibiofilm, calcium-binding, antidiabetic, antithrombotic, adipogenic differentiating, stimulating/immunostimulating, hormonal, lipid-binding and cell adhesion-affecting activities. These results confirmed previous observations regarding functional characteristics of egg white unfractionated preparations or purified molecules, emphasizing the useful application of this raw material in human nutrition and cosmetics.
Collapse
|
32
|
Chaudhari AA, Lee Y, Lillehoj HS. Beneficial effects of dietary supplementation of Bacillus strains on growth performance and gut health in chickens with mixed coccidiosis infection. Vet Parasitol 2019; 277:109009. [PMID: 31862509 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.109009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with several Bacillus strains on growth performance, intestinal inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, anti-oxidants and tight junction (TJ) protein mRNA expression in broiler chickens challenged with mixed coccidia infection (oocysts of Eimeria tenella, Eimeria maxima and Eimeria acervulina). Ten different Bacillus strains were screened for their beneficial effects on coccidiosis challenge by measuring relative body weight gain (RBWG), lesion score, and total oocyst count. Three out of ten Bacillus strains were evaluated in depth by measuring RBWG, lesion score, total oocyst count, and the gene expression of proinflammatory (IL-6 and IL-8), anti-inflammatory (IL-10 and TGF-β), anti-oxidant (SOD1 and HMOX1), and TJ (JAM2 and occludin) proteins. Our results showed that out of the ten different Bacillus strains, chickens fed with three strains, one Bacillus licheniformis and two Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, showed significantly higher RBWG, lower lesion scores (ceca, jejunum, and duodenum), and lower total fecal oocyst counts compared to non-Bacillus-fed control chickens. Post-coccidia challenge, the RBWG for the Bacillus-fed groups were 95-100 % as opposed to the control birds (70 %) at 6 days post infection (dpi) and 10 dpi. Similarly, the lesion scores for three organs were around 0.8-0.9 for the Bacillus-fed groups as opposed to control birds (lesion score range ∼1.4-2). The total oocyst counts were much lower in the Bacillus-fed group (10-20 folds lesser) than the control group. Furthermore, the Bacillus-fed groups showed differential gene expression at 3 dpi in different tissues, such as caecum, jejunum, and duodenum. Bacillus-fed chickens showed significant pro- and anti-inflammatory responses and higher expression of anti-oxidants and TJ proteins in the ceca, duodenum, and jejunum. Overall, our results demonstrated that dietary supplementation with Bacillus strains as direct-fed microbials (DFM) significantly improved the body weight gain after mixed coccidia challenge compared to non-Bacillus-fed and coccidia challenged control group. In conclusion, the results of this study are promising and indicate the many beneficial effects of DFM-supplementation in poultry diets to reduce the negative consequences of enteric diseases and to decrease economic losses imposed by coccidia infection in chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atul A Chaudhari
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agriculture Research Center-U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Youngsub Lee
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agriculture Research Center-U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Hyun S Lillehoj
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agriculture Research Center-U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Macrophage Polarization Induced by Probiotic Bacteria: a Concise Review. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 12:798-808. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09612-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
34
|
Cameron A, McAllister TA. Could probiotics be the panacea alternative to the use of antimicrobials in livestock diets? Benef Microbes 2019; 10:773-799. [PMID: 31965849 DOI: 10.3920/bm2019.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are most frequently derived from the natural microbiota of healthy animals. These bacteria and their metabolic products are viewed as nutritional tools for promoting animal health and productivity, disease prevention and therapy, and food safety in an era defined by increasingly widespread antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens. In contemporary livestock production, antimicrobial usage is indispensable for animal welfare, and employed to enhance growth and feed efficiency. Given the importance of antimicrobials in both human and veterinary medicine, their effective replacement with direct-fed microbials or probiotics could help reduce antimicrobial use, perhaps restoring or extending the usefulness of these precious drugs against serious infections. Thus, probiotic research in livestock is rapidly evolving, aspiring to produce local and systemic health benefits on par with antimicrobials. Although many studies have clearly demonstrated the potential of probiotics to positively affect animal health and inhibit pathogens, experimental evidence suggests that probiotics' successes are modest, conditional, strain-dependent, and transient. Here, we explore current understanding, trends, and emerging applications of probiotic research and usage in major livestock species, and highlight successes in animal health and performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Cameron
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Ave South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4P4, Canada
| | - T A McAllister
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Ave South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4P4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
He J, Ma L, Qiu J, Lu X, Hou C, Liu B, Yu D. Effects of compound organic acid calcium on growth performance, hepatic antioxidation and intestinal barrier of male broilers under heat stress. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 33:1156-1166. [PMID: 31480143 PMCID: PMC7322655 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of compound organic acid calcium (COAC) on growth performance, hepatic antioxidant status and intestinal barrier of male broilers under high ambient temperature (32.7°C). Methods Nine hundred healthy one-d-old Cobb-500 male broiler chicks were randomly assigned into three groups with six replicates of 50 birds each. A basal diet supplemented with 0% (control), 0.4% and 0.8% COAC, respectively were fed to birds for 6 weeks. All treatments were under high ambient indoor temperature of 32.7°C, and had a constant calcium and available phosphorus ratio. Results The results showed that, compared with control, the average daily gain of broilers in 0.4% and 0.8% was significantly increased and the ratio of feed to gain in in 0.4% and 0.8% was significantly decreased at 1 to 21, 22 to 42 and 1 to 42 days of age (p<0.05). Compared with control, 0.8% COAC slightly decreased (p = 0.093) the content of malondialdehyde in liver at 42 days of age while 0.4% COAC significantly decreased (p<0.05) the activity of alkaline phosphatase. Furthermore, 0.4% COAC significantly enhanced the intestinal barrier function via increasing jejunal and ileal ocln transcription, promoting jejunal mucin 2 transcription at 42 days of age (p<0.05), and decreasing jejunal toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) and ileal TLR-15, inducible nitric oxide synthase compared with control group (p<0.05). Whereas, no significant differences on the transcription of interleukin-1β in jejunum and ileum were observed among three treatments (p>0.05). Overall, heat stress caused by high natural environment temperature may induce the damage to hepatic antioxidation and intestinal barrier. Conclusion Dietary inclusion of COAC can improve the tolerance of broilers to thermal environment through the modification of antioxidative parameters in liver and the mRNA expression of genes in intestinal barrier, resulting in an optimal inclusion level of 0.4%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junna He
- College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lianxiang Ma
- College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jialing Qiu
- College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xintao Lu
- College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chuanchuan Hou
- College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, and Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Dongyou Yu
- College of Animal Science, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Peralta-Sánchez JM, Martín-Platero AM, Ariza-Romero JJ, Rabelo-Ruiz M, Zurita-González MJ, Baños A, Rodríguez-Ruano SM, Maqueda M, Valdivia E, Martínez-Bueno M. Egg Production in Poultry Farming Is Improved by Probiotic Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1042. [PMID: 31178831 PMCID: PMC6543855 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most serious threats for human health in the near future. Livestock has played an important role in the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, intestinal dysbiosis in farming animals, or the spread of AMR among pathogenic bacteria of human concern. The development of alternatives like probiotics is focused on maintaining or improving production levels while diminishing these negative effects of antibiotics. To this end, we supplied the potential probiotic Enterococcus faecalis UGRA10 in the diet of laying hens at a final concentration of 108 Colony Forming Units per gram (CFU/g) of fodder. Its effects have been analyzed by: (i) investigating the response of the ileum and caecum microbiome; and (ii) analyzing the outcome on eggs production. During the second half of the experimental period (40 to 76 days), hens fed E. faecalis UGRA10 maintained egg production, while control animals dropped egg production. Supplementation diet with E. faecalis UGRA10 significantly increased ileum and caecum bacterial diversity (higher bacterial operational taxonomic unit richness and Faith’s diversity index) of laying hens, with animals fed the same diet showing a higher similarity in microbial composition. These results point out to the beneficial effects of E. faecalis UGRA10 in egg production. Future experiments are necessary to unveil the underlying mechanisms that mediate the positive response of animals to this treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alberto Baños
- Departamento de Microbiología y Biotecnología - DMC Research Center, Granada, Spain
| | - Sonia María Rodríguez-Ruano
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Mercedes Maqueda
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Eva Valdivia
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Martínez-Bueno
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Pan T, Xiang H, Diao T, Ma W, Shi C, Xu Y, Xie Q. Effects of probiotics and nutrients addition on the microbial community and fermentation quality of peanut hull. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 273:144-152. [PMID: 30428406 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.10.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop a new type of feedstuff by utilizing probiotics to transform agricultural byproducts to meet the livestock feed shortage. In this study, peanut hull powder (PHP) was used as the fermentation substrate, which was inoculated with 18 kinds of feed probiotics combined with two kinds of nutritional additives. The desired value formula was used to select the strains suitable for fermentation of PHP, and the strains were combined as multi-culture starters. We compared the changes of the chemical composition and bacterial flora before and after the fermentation, which provided a theoretical basis for the establishment and quality evaluation of the system of PHP fermentation. The result shows that inoculation with CM6 together with nutrients co-fermenting clearly raised the content of organic acid, CP and WSC in the PHP and effectively inhibited the growth of harmful microorganisms such as Enterobacter and Fusarium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Hongyu Xiang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Taotao Diao
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Wen Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Chao Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Yun Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Qiuhong Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Jilin 130012, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Liu X, Peng C, Qu X, Guo S, Chen JF, He C, Zhou X, Zhu S. Effects of Bacillus subtilis C-3102 on production, hatching performance, egg quality, serum antioxidant capacity and immune response of laying breeders. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 103:182-190. [PMID: 30484908 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the supplemental effects of Bacillus subtilis C-3102 on the production, hatching performance, egg quality, serum antioxidant capacity and immune response of laying breeders, a total of 480 Xuefeng black-bone (25-week-old) hens were randomly assigned into four treatment groups: Hens fed the basal diets with 0 (CON), 3.0 × 105 (BS-1), 6.0 × 105 cfu/g (BS-2) and 9.0 × 105 (BS-3) cfu/g of B. subtilis C-3102. As the B. subtilis C-3102 level increased, egg weight (linear, p < 0.01; quadratic, p = 0.003), fertility (linear, p = 0.021; quadratic, p = 0.059), hatchability (linear, p = 0.038; quadratic, p = 0.119) and yolk colour (linear, p = 0.006; quadratic, p = 0.021) increased in a linear or quadratic manner. Yolk index increased quadratically (linear, p = 0.054; quadratic, p = 0.017), and eggshell thickness (linear, p = 0.036; quadratic, p = 0.128), the activity of GSH-Px (linear, p = 0.024; quadratic, p = 0.078), the concentration of IgM (linear, p = 0.016; quadratic, p = 0.056) and the level of AIV-Ab (linear, p = 0.034; quadratic, p = 0.103) in the serum increased linearly as dietary supplementation of B. subtilis C-3102 increased. The results showed that dietary treatments did not affect egg production, feed conversion ratio, egg mass, hatchability of fertile eggs, eggshell-breaking strength, egg-shape index, yolk percentage, Haugh unit, T-SOD, T-AOC, MDA, IgA and IgG concentrations and the level of NDV-Ab in the serum. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 9.0 × 105 cfu/g B. subtilis C-3102 in laying breeders diets may be a feasible means of effectively increasing egg weight, fertility and hatchability, and improving egg quality such as eggshell thickness, yolk index and yolk colour. Besides, B. subtilis C-3102 can enhance the activity of GSH-Px, the concentration of IgM and the level of AIV-Ab in the serum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Canyang Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangyong Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Songchang Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Ji Fa Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Changqing He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Xuebin Zhou
- Shanghai Naseco Products Company, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiwei Zhu
- Hunan Songyun Commercial Fowl Company, Huaihua, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang Y, Wang Y, Xu H, Mei X, Gong L, Wang B, Li W, Jiang S. Direct-fed glucose oxidase and its combination with B. amyloliquefaciens SC06 on growth performance, meat quality, intestinal barrier, antioxidative status, and immunity of yellow-feathered broilers. Poult Sci 2018; 97:3540-3549. [PMID: 30085304 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This experiment investigated the effects of dietary glucose oxidase (GOD) and its combination with B. amyloliquefaciens SC06 (BaSC06) on the growth performance, meat quality, intestinal physical barrier, antioxidative status and immunity of male Lingnan yellow-feathered broilers. A total of 720 1-d-old broilers were assigned into 4 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment (30 birds per replicate): (1) basal diet (Ctr), (2) basal diet with 200 mg/kg enramycin (ER), (3) basal diet with 75 U/kg GOD, and (4) GOD diet (75U/kg) supplemented with 1 × 105 colony-forming units BaSC06/kg feed (GB), for an experimental duration of 52 d. The results showed that there were no significant effects of GOD or GB on growth performance of birds. The shear force and drip loss of breast muscle of birds fed GOD and GB were less than those fed ER, while the shear force in GB significantly decreased compared to Ctr. Also, both GOD and GB treatment increased about 1-fold expression of ZO-1, Claudin-1, Occludin, and MUC-2 genes in jejunal mucosa compared to Ctr, no difference was found between GOD and GB. Compared to Ctr, serum total antioxidant capability and glutathione peroxidase in GOD and GB increased, while the malondialdehyde level and xanthine oxidase activity significantly decreased. Both GOD and GB treatments reduced the relative level of HO-1, p53, and BAX transcripts in liver. It is worth noting that GB decreased transcription of p53 and Bcl-2 by 76.11% and 50.19% compared to GOD, respectively. In addition, compared to Ctr, GOD and GB markedly increased serum IL-2 content by 110% and 182%, while decreased IFN-γ by 43.57% and 57.51%, respectively. The highest sIgA level in GB was found among four groups. In conclusion, dietary treatment with GOD and its combination with BaSC06 both had beneficial effects on shear force and drip loss, expression of intestinal tight junctions, antioxidative capacity and immune function. It is suggested that GB had better effect than GOD on anti-apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yibing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Han Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Li Gong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Baikui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weifen Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Feed Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shouqun Jiang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, China
| |
Collapse
|