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Zikou E, Koliaki C, Makrilakis K. The Role of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) in the Management of Metabolic Diseases in Humans: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1871. [PMID: 39200335 PMCID: PMC11352194 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota represents a complex ecosystem of trillions of microorganisms residing in the human gastrointestinal tract, which is known to interact with the host physiology and regulate multiple functions. Alterations in gut microbial composition, diversity, and function are referred to as dysbiosis. Dysbiosis has been associated with a variety of chronic diseases, including Clostridioides difficile infections, but also cardiometabolic diseases, including obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The implication of gut microbiota dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of both obesity and T2DM has paved the way to implementing novel therapeutic approaches for metabolic diseases through gut microbial reconfiguration. These interventions include probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics, while a more innovative approach has been fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). FMT is a procedure that delivers healthy human donor stool to another individual through the gastrointestinal tract, aiming to restore gut microbiota balance. Several studies have investigated this approach as a potential tool to mitigate the adverse metabolic effects of gut microbiota aberrations associated with obesity and T2DM. The aim of the present review was to critically summarize the existing evidence regarding the clinical applications of FMT in the management of obesity and T2DM and provide an update on the potential of this method to remodel the entire host microbiota, leading thus to weight loss and sustained metabolic benefits. Safety issues, long-term efficacy, limitations, and pitfalls associated with FMT studies are further discussed, emphasizing the need for further research and standardization in certain methodological aspects in order to optimize metabolic outcomes.
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Passos FC, de Oliveira LMG, Jesus FR, Zanette DL, Neto OLL, Neves MCLC, Lemos ACM, Baccan GC. Beneficial Bacteria in the Gut Microbiota May Lead to Improved Metabolic and Immunological Status in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Med Sci (Basel) 2024; 12:41. [PMID: 39189204 PMCID: PMC11348168 DOI: 10.3390/medsci12030041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by functional changes in the airways. The lung-gut axis and gut microbiota (GM) have been linked to the pathophysiology of airway diseases. Regarding COPD, studies have shown that GM alterations could be related the stages of this disease. However, the relationship between GM and clinical, biochemical and immunological parameters in patients with COPD are not well understood. The aim of this study was to compare the relative abundance of specific groups of beneficial gut bacteria between COPD patients and healthy controls (CTLs) in order to evaluate relationships with metabolic and inflammatory markers in COPD. METHODS We included 16 stable COPD patients and 16 healthy volunteer CTLs. The relative abundances of Bifidobacterium spp. (Bf) and Akkermansia muciniphila (Akk) bacteria and the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla were assessed by qPCR. Pulmonary function was evaluated by spirometry, biochemical parameters by colorimetric methods and plasma cytokine levels by cytometric bead array analysis. RESULTS The Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio was related to emergency hospital visits and six-minute walk test (6MWT) results. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Bf was associated with plasma concentrations of glucose, triglycerides, HDL-C and IL-10. In addition, Firmicutes levels and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio were associated with the IL-12/IL-10 ratio, while Akk abundance was linked to IL-12 levels. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the GM could influence clinical presentation and immunoregulation in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabine Correia Passos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, Bahia, Brazil; (F.C.P.); (L.M.G.d.O.); (O.L.L.N.)
| | - Lucas Matheus Gonçalves de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, Bahia, Brazil; (F.C.P.); (L.M.G.d.O.); (O.L.L.N.)
| | - Fabíola Ramos Jesus
- Maternidade Climério de Oliveira (MCO/EBSERH), Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40055-150, Bahia, Brazil;
| | | | - Odilon Lobão Leal Neto
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, Bahia, Brazil; (F.C.P.); (L.M.G.d.O.); (O.L.L.N.)
| | - Margarida Célia Lima Costa Neves
- Unidade do Sistema Respiratório, Ambulatório Professor Francisco Magalhães Neto, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40110-200, Bahia, Brazil; (M.C.L.C.N.); (A.C.M.L.)
| | - Antônio Carlos Moreira Lemos
- Unidade do Sistema Respiratório, Ambulatório Professor Francisco Magalhães Neto, Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40110-200, Bahia, Brazil; (M.C.L.C.N.); (A.C.M.L.)
| | - Gyselle Chrystina Baccan
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40170-110, Bahia, Brazil; (F.C.P.); (L.M.G.d.O.); (O.L.L.N.)
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Nobili A, Pane M, Skvortsova M, Ben Salem M, Morgenthaler S, Jamieson E, Di Stefano M, Bathrellou E, Mamalaki E, Ramos-Garcia V, Kuligowski J, Vasileiadis M, Georgiadis P, Falcone M, Refinetti P. Innovative Biomarkers for Obesity and Type 1 Diabetes Based on Bifidobacterium and Metabolomic Profiling. Microorganisms 2024; 12:931. [PMID: 38792760 PMCID: PMC11124356 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of Bifidobacterium species and microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and human milk oligosaccharides in controlling intestinal inflammation and the pathogenesis of obesity and type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been largely studied in recent years. This paper discusses the discovery of signature biomarkers for obesity and T1D based on data from a novel test for profiling several Bifidobacterium species, combined with metabolomic analysis. Through the NUTRISHIELD clinical study, a total of 98 children were recruited: 40 healthy controls, 40 type 1 diabetics, and 18 obese children. Bifidobacterium profiles were assessed in stool samples through an innovative test allowing high taxonomic resolution and precise quantification, while SCFAs and branched amino acids were measured in urine samples through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). KIDMED questionnaires were used to evaluate the children's dietary habits and correlate them with the Bifidobacterium and metabolomic profiles. We found that B. longum subs. infantis and B. breve were higher in individuals with obesity, while B. bifidum and B. longum subs. longum were lower compared to healthy individuals. In individuals with T1D, alterations were found at the metabolic level, with an overall increase in the level of the most measured metabolites. The high taxonomic resolution of the Bifidobacterium test used meant strong correlations between the concentrations of valine and isoleucine, and the relative abundance of some Bifidobacterium species such as B. longum subs. infantis, B. breve, and B. bifidum could be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Nobili
- Autoimmune Pathogenesis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (A.N.); (M.D.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Marco Pane
- Probiotical Research, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Mariya Skvortsova
- REM Analytics SA, 1870 Monthey, Switzerland; (M.S.); (M.B.S.); (S.M.); (E.J.)
| | - Meryam Ben Salem
- REM Analytics SA, 1870 Monthey, Switzerland; (M.S.); (M.B.S.); (S.M.); (E.J.)
| | - Stephan Morgenthaler
- REM Analytics SA, 1870 Monthey, Switzerland; (M.S.); (M.B.S.); (S.M.); (E.J.)
- Department of Mathematics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emily Jamieson
- REM Analytics SA, 1870 Monthey, Switzerland; (M.S.); (M.B.S.); (S.M.); (E.J.)
| | - Marina Di Stefano
- Autoimmune Pathogenesis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (A.N.); (M.D.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Eirini Bathrellou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece; (E.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Eirini Mamalaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece; (E.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Victoria Ramos-Garcia
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (V.R.-G.); (J.K.)
| | - Julia Kuligowski
- Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (V.R.-G.); (J.K.)
| | | | | | - Marika Falcone
- Autoimmune Pathogenesis Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (A.N.); (M.D.S.); (M.F.)
| | - Paulo Refinetti
- REM Analytics SA, 1870 Monthey, Switzerland; (M.S.); (M.B.S.); (S.M.); (E.J.)
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Van Syoc EP, Damani J, DiMattia Z, Ganda E, Rogers CJ. The Effects of Bifidobacterium Probiotic Supplementation on Blood Glucose: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Animal Models and Clinical Evidence. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100137. [PMID: 37923223 PMCID: PMC10831893 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotic supplementation is a potential therapeutic for metabolic diseases, including obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and type 2 diabetes (T2D), but most studies deliver multiple species of bacteria in addition to prebiotics or oral pharmaceuticals. This may contribute to conflicting evidence in existing meta-analyses of probiotics in these populations and warrants a systematic review of the literature to assess the contribution of a single probiotic genus to better understand the contribution of individual probiotics to modulate blood glucose. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies and human randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effects of Bifidobacterium (BF) probiotic supplementation on markers of glycemia. In a meta-analysis of 6 RCTs, BF supplementation had no effect on fasting blood glucose {FBG; mean difference [MD] = -1.99 mg/dL [95% confidence interval (CI): -4.84, 0.86], P = 0.13}, and there were no subgroup differences between subjects with elevated FBG concentrations and normoglycemia. However, BF supplementation reduced FBG concentrations in a meta-analysis comprised of studies utilizing animal models of obesity, MetS, or T2D [n = 16; MD = -36.11 mg/dL (CI: -49.04, -23.18), P < 0.0001]. Translational gaps from animal to human trials include paucity of research in female animals, BF supplementation in subjects that were normoglycemic, and lack of methodologic reporting regarding probiotic viability and stability. More research is necessary to assess the effects of BF supplementation in human subjects with elevated FBG concentrations. Overall, there was consistent evidence of the efficacy of BF probiotics to reduce elevated FBG concentrations in animal models but not clinical trials, suggesting that BF alone may have minimal effects on glycemic control, may be more effective when combined with multiple probiotic species, or may be more effective in conditions of hyperglycemia rather than elevated FBG concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily P Van Syoc
- Dual-Title Ph.D Program in Integrative & Biomedical Physiology and Clinical & Translational Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States; Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States; The One Health Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Janhavi Damani
- The Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Integrative and Biomedical Physiology, Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Zachary DiMattia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Erika Ganda
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States; The One Health Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Connie J Rogers
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
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Jia X, Chen Q, Wu H, Liu H, Jing C, Gong A, Zhang Y. Exploring a novel therapeutic strategy: the interplay between gut microbiota and high-fat diet in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1291853. [PMID: 38192650 PMCID: PMC10773723 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1291853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, the rapid increase in the incidence of metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hypertension, and hyperuricemia, has been attributed to high-fat diets (HFD) and decreased physical activity levels. Although the phenotypes and pathologies of these metabolic diseases vary, patients with these diseases exhibit disease-specific alterations in the composition and function of their gut microbiota. Studies in germ-free mice have shown that both HFD and gut microbiota can promote the development of metabolic diseases, and HFD can disrupt the balance of gut microbiota. Therefore, investigating the interaction between gut microbiota and HFD in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases is crucial for identifying novel therapeutic strategies for these diseases. This review takes HFD as the starting point, providing a detailed analysis of the pivotal role of HFD in the development of metabolic disorders. It comprehensively elucidates the impact of HFD on the balance of intestinal microbiota, analyzes the mechanisms underlying gut microbiota dysbiosis leading to metabolic disruptions, and explores the associated genetic factors. Finally, the potential of targeting the gut microbiota as a means to address metabolic disturbances induced by HFD is discussed. In summary, this review offers theoretical support and proposes new research avenues for investigating the role of nutrition-related factors in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders in the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Qiliang Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiwen Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Chunying Jing
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Aimin Gong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- The Affiliated TCM Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Treatment of Dyslipidemia through Targeted Therapy of Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15010228. [PMID: 36615885 PMCID: PMC9823358 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a multifaceted condition with various genetic and environmental factors contributing to its pathogenesis. Further, this condition represents an important risk factor for its related sequalae including cardiovascular diseases (CVD) such as coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke. Emerging evidence has shown that gut microbiota and their metabolites can worsen or protect against the development of dyslipidemia. Although there are currently numerous treatment modalities available including lifestyle modification and pharmacologic interventions, there has been promising research on dyslipidemia that involves the benefits of modulating gut microbiota in treating alterations in lipid metabolism. In this review, we examine the relationship between gut microbiota and dyslipidemia, the impact of gut microbiota metabolites on the development of dyslipidemia, and the current research on dietary interventions, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and microbiota transplant as therapeutic modalities in prevention of cardiovascular disease. Overall, understanding the mechanisms by which gut microbiota and their metabolites affect dyslipidemia progression will help develop more precise therapeutic targets to optimize lipid metabolism.
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Wu H, Wang X, Fang X, Lian F, Li M, Liao J, Dai D, Tian J. Metformin modulates the gut microbiome in a mice model of high-fat diet-induced glycolipid metabolism disorder. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2022; 10:10/6/e003149. [PMID: 36593662 PMCID: PMC9748938 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-003149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metformin (MET) can regulate glucose and lipid levels, and the gut microbiota may be involved in the control of metabolism. We hypothesized that MET alleviates glucolipid metabolism disorder by modulating gut microbiota and microbial metabolites. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 24 male C57BL/6 J mice were equally divided into three groups (normal control, model control (MC), and MET-treated groups). Model mice were established by feeding a high-fat diet for 6 weeks. The MET-treated group was administered MET solution (2.5 g/100 mL, 250 mg/kg). Fecal samples were collected to characterize the microbiota system using metagenomic shotgun sequencing and gas chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry analysis. Phenotypic and biochemical indices were obtained for further correlation analysis. RESULTS Compared with the MC group, MET reduced the levels of weight, glucose, areas under the glucose curve in the glucose tolerance test, triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC). A decreasing abundance of bacteria, including Parabacteroides distasonis, and an increasing abundance of bacteria, including Bacteroides vulgatus, were observed in the MET-treated group. The 2-deoxytetronic acid declined after MET intervention and was positively correlated with species over-represented in the MC group and negatively correlated with species enriched in the MET-treated group. Additionally, species enriched in the MET-treated group negatively correlated with glucose, areas under the glucose curve in the glucose tolerance test, and TGs. Further, the correlation between the differential metabolites, which decreased after MET intervention, and the phenotypic indices was positive. CONCLUSIONS MET-induced restoration of intestinal homeostasis correlates with the amelioration of host glucolipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Wu
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmiao Wang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Fang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmei Lian
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangquan Liao
- Department of National Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Dai
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxing Tian
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, China
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Wang G, Lyu Q, Yang T, Cui S, Niu K, Gu R, Li Y, Li J, Xing W, Li L. Association of intestinal microbiota markers and dietary pattern in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: The Henan rural cohort study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1046333. [PMID: 36466492 PMCID: PMC9709334 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1046333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on intestinal microbiota in Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients are scarce and correlation studies with dietary intake are lacking. The case-control study included 150 participants (74 T2DM patients and 76 controls) and microbiome analysis was performed using 16S rDNA sequencing. Principal component analysis was used to determine dietary patterns and correlation analysis was used to evaluate the associations between microbiota diversity, T2DM indicators and dietary variables. Compared to controls, the T2DM group had different gut flora characteristics, including lower alpha diversity, higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratios, statistically significant beta diversity and other specific bacterial species differences. Gut microbiota was associated with several diabetes-related metabolic markers including HOMA2-β, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c and fasting insulin. Significant associations were also observed between dietary intake pattern and gut flora. The animal foods pattern scores were positively correlated with the relative abundance of the phylum Fusobacteria, and the vegetarian diet pattern scores were positively correlated with the relative abundance of the phylum Actinobacteria. Phylum Actinobacteria mediated the association of vegetarian diet pattern with fasting insulin and HOMA2-β (all P < 0.05). Composition of intestinal microbiota in Chinese T2DM patients differs from that of control population, and the intestinal flora is affected by dietary intake while being associated with several diabetes-related metabolic markers. The gut microbiota may play an important role in linking dietary intake and the etiology of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjun Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Quanjun Lyu
- Department of Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tianyu Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Songyang Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kailin Niu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ruohua Gu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenguo Xing
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Linlin Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China,*Correspondence: Linlin Li
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Xu D, Pan D, Liu H, Yang C, Yang X, Wang X, Liu F, Feng M, Wu Q, Shen Y, Yang L, Wang S, Sun G. Improvement in cardiometabolic risk markers following an oatmeal diet is associated with gut microbiota in mildly hypercholesterolemic individuals. Food Res Int 2022; 160:111701. [PMID: 36076452 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases have been the leading cause of death worldwide for decades. Some animal studies have indicated that oatmeal could improve gut microbiota and cardiometabolic risk markers. However, vivo evidence remained limited, especially in individuals with mild hypercholesterolemia. Our purpose was to explore the beneficial effects of oatmeal on serum lipids, oxidative stress and inflammation levels, and their correlations with gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in mildly hypercholesterolemic individuals. The study was a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial. A total of 62 qualified participants were randomly divided into control group and oatmeal group with a 45-day follow-up. 16S rDNA and Gas-Chromatography Mass Spectrometry were employed respectively to measure the changes in gut microbiota and SCFAs at the start and the end of the intervention period. Cardiometabolic risk markers were assayed via commercial kits. The results suggested that oatmeal could significantly decrease serum total cholesterol (TC) (-8.59 %, p = 0.013), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) (-12.97 %, p = 0.004) and non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-c) (-10.98 %, p = 0.040) level. In terms of oxidative stress, oatmeal significantly increased serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (21.98 %, p < 0.001), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (15.53 %, p = 0.044) levels and decreased concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) (-19.11 %, p = 0.033) compared with control group. While no significant effect was observed in inflammatory factors. SCFAs results indicated that oatmeal could significantly increase serum acetic acid, propionic acid and valeric acid. The results of 16S rDNA showed that there was a significant difference in the alteration of β-diversity between groups throughout the whole trial. Oatmeal resulted in the increases of Akkermansia, Dialister, Faecalibacterium, Barnesiella, Agathobacter, Lactobacillus and the decrease of Ruminococcaceae-MK4A214-group. Correlation analysis further suggested that the lipids regulation effect of oatmeal may be mainly mediated by Lactobacillus and Dialister, as well as some SCFAs (e.g., acetic acid and propionic acid), while Barnesiella and Akkermansia may play a crucial role in ameliorating oxidative stress level. In conclusion, despite of its small sample size, the present study is the first clinical trial performed in Chinese individuals with mild hypercholesterolemia to explore the effects of oatmeal on serum lipids, oxidative stress, inflammation levels, and gut microbiota. The results demonstrated that oatmeal could induce some beneficial changes in serum lipids, oxidative stress, gut microbiota composition and SCFAs. Correlation analysis further extended our understanding of the role of gut microbiota and SCFAs in improving cardiometabolic risk markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengfeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Da Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Hechun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Chinese Nutrition Center for Education, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of R&D Life Science, PepsiCo Inc, Shanghai PR China
| | - Meiyuan Feng
- Department of R&D Life Science, PepsiCo Inc, Shanghai PR China
| | - Qiuhua Wu
- Nanjing Yijia Health Care Management Co. Ltd, Nanjing 210017, PR China
| | - Yumei Shen
- Nanjing Yijia Health Care Management Co. Ltd, Nanjing 210017, PR China
| | - Ligang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Shaokang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
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Telle-Hansen VH, Gaundal L, Bastani N, Rud I, Byfuglien MG, Gjøvaag T, Retterstøl K, Holven KB, Ulven SM, Myhrstad MCW. Replacing saturated fatty acids with polyunsaturated fatty acids increases the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and is associated with reduced total cholesterol levels-a randomized controlled trial in healthy individuals. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:92. [PMID: 36163070 PMCID: PMC9511723 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01702-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Improving dietary fat quality strongly affects serum cholesterol levels and hence the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Recent studies have identified dietary fat as a potential modulator of the gut microbiota, a central regulator of host metabolism including lipid metabolism. We have previously shown a significant reduction in total cholesterol levels after replacing saturated fatty acids (SFAs) with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary fat quality on gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and bile acids in healthy individuals. In addition, to investigate how changes in gut microbiota correlate with blood lipids, bile acids, and fatty acids. Methods Seventeen participants completed a randomized, controlled dietary crossover study. The participants received products with SFAs (control) or PUFAs in random order for three days. Fecal samples for gut microbiota analyses and fasting blood samples (lipids, fatty acids, and bile acids) were measured before and after the three-day intervention. Results Of a panel of 40 bacteria, Lachnospiraceae and Bifidobacterium spp. were significantly increased after intervention with PUFAs compared with SFAs. Interestingly, changes in Lachnospiraceae, as well as Phascolarlactobacterium sp. and Eubacterium hallii, was also found to be negatively correlated with changes in total cholesterol levels after replacing the intake of SFAs with PUFAs for three days. No significant differences in SCFAs or bile acids were found after the intervention. Conclusion Replacing SFAs with PUFAs increased the abundance of the gut microbiota family of Lachnospiraceae and Bifidobacterium spp. Furthermore, the reduction in total cholesterol after improving dietary fat quality correlated with changes in the gut microbiota family Lachnospiraceae. Future studies are needed to reveal whether Lachnospiraceae may be targeted to reduce total cholesterol levels. Trial registration The study was registered at Clinical Trials (https://clinicaltrials.gov/, registration identification number: NCT03658681).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke H Telle-Hansen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavsplass, Postbox 4, 0130, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Line Gaundal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavsplass, Postbox 4, 0130, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nasser Bastani
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1046, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida Rud
- Nofima -Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Osloveien 1, 1433, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Terje Gjøvaag
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavsplass, Postbox 4, 0130, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1046, 0317, Oslo, Norway.,The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, P.O. Box 4950, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1046, 0317, Oslo, Norway.,The Norwegian National Advisory Unit On Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1046, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari C W Myhrstad
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavsplass, Postbox 4, 0130, Oslo, Norway
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11
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Sun C, Wang Z, Hu L, Zhang X, Chen J, Yu Z, Liu L, Wu M. Targets of statins intervention in LDL-C metabolism: Gut microbiota. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:972603. [PMID: 36158845 PMCID: PMC9492915 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.972603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing researches have considered gut microbiota as a new “metabolic organ,” which mediates the occurrence and development of metabolic diseases. In addition, the liver is an important organ of lipid metabolism, and abnormal lipid metabolism can cause the elevation of blood lipids. Among them, elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is related with ectopic lipid deposition and metabolic diseases, and statins are widely used to lower LDL-C. In recent years, the gut microbiota has been shown to mediate statins efficacy, both in animals and humans. The effect of statins on microbiota abundance has been deeply explored, and the pathways through which statins reduce the LDL-C levels by affecting the abundance of microbiota have gradually been explored. In this review, we discussed the interaction between gut microbiota and cholesterol metabolism, especially the cholesterol-lowering effect of statins mediated by gut microbiota, via AMPK-PPARγ-SREBP1C/2, FXR and PXR-related, and LPS-TLR4-Myd88 pathways, which may help to explain the individual differences in statins efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChangXin Sun
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - ZePing Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - LanQing Hu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - XiaoNan Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - JiYe Chen
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - ZongLiang Yu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - LongTao Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: LongTao Liu
| | - Min Wu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Min Wu
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12
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Milenkovic D, Capel F, Combaret L, Comte B, Dardevet D, Evrard B, Guillet C, Monfoulet LE, Pinel A, Polakof S, Pujos-Guillot E, Rémond D, Wittrant Y, Savary-Auzeloux I. Targeting the gut to prevent and counteract metabolic disorders and pathologies during aging. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:11185-11210. [PMID: 35730212 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2089870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Impairment of gut function is one of the explanatory mechanisms of health status decline in elderly population. These impairments involve a decline in gut digestive physiology, metabolism and immune status, and associated to that, changes in composition and function of the microbiota it harbors. Continuous deteriorations are generally associated with the development of systemic dysregulations and ultimately pathologies that can worsen the initial health status of individuals. All these alterations observed at the gut level can then constitute a wide range of potential targets for development of nutritional strategies that can impact gut tissue or associated microbiota pattern. This can be key, in a preventive manner, to limit gut functionality decline, or in a curative way to help maintaining optimum nutrients bioavailability in a context on increased requirements, as frequently observed in pathological situations. The aim of this review is to give an overview on the alterations that can occur in the gut during aging and lead to the development of altered function in other tissues and organs, ultimately leading to the development of pathologies. Subsequently is discussed how nutritional strategies that target gut tissue and gut microbiota can help to avoid or delay the occurrence of aging-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragan Milenkovic
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Capel
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lydie Combaret
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Blandine Comte
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dominique Dardevet
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bertrand Evrard
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christelle Guillet
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Alexandre Pinel
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sergio Polakof
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Estelle Pujos-Guillot
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Didier Rémond
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yohann Wittrant
- Human Nutrition Unit, UMR1019, University Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Leuconostoc mesenteroides LVBH107 Antibacterial Activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Anti-Inflammatory Activity against P. gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132584. [PMID: 35807773 PMCID: PMC9268581 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics, active microorganisms benefiting human health, currently serve as nutritional supplements and clinical treatments. Periodontitis, a chronic infectious oral disease caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), activates the host immune response to release numerous proinflammatory cytokines. Here, we aimed to clarify Leuconostoc mesenterica (L. mesenteroides) LVBH107 probiotic effects based on the inhibition of P.gingivalis activities while also evaluating the effectiveness of an in vitro P.gingivalis lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell-based inflammation mode. L. mesenteroides LVBH107 survived at acid, bile salts, lysozyme, and hydrogen peroxide conditions, auto-aggregated and co-aggregated with P. gingivalis, exhibited strong hydrophobicity and electrostatic action, and strongly adhered to gingival epithelial and HT-29 cells (thus exhibiting oral tissue adherence and colonization abilities). Moreover, L.mesenteroides LVBH107 exhibited sensitivity to antibiotics erythromycin, doxycycline, minocycline, ampicillin, and others (thus indicating it lacked antibiotic resistance plasmids), effectively inhibited P.gingivalis biofilm formation and inflammation (in vitro inflammation model), reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) and inflammatory mediators (NO and PGE2), and decreased the expression levels of inflammation related genes. Thus, L.mesenterica LVBH107 holds promise as a probiotic that can inhibit P.gingivalis biofilm formation and exert anti-inflammatory activity to maintain oral health.
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Effect of Probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum TMC3115 Supplementation on Psychosocial Stress Using a Sub-Chronic and Mild Social Defeat Stress in Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050970. [PMID: 35267944 PMCID: PMC8912754 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With the accumulation of knowledge on the relation between psychological stress and gut microbiota, there is growing interest in controlling stress and/or mood disorders via probiotic supplementation. We aimed to examine the effect of probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum TMC3115 (TMC3115) supplementation using a sub-chronic and mild social defeat stress murine model in this study. TM3115 supplementation maintained body weight gain and alleviated a polydipsia-like symptom induced by the stress. In the analyses of fecal and cecal bacterial profiles, expansions of Proteobacteria in stressed mice and increases in Actinobacteria and Bifidobacterium in mice supplemented with TMC3115 were observed. There was no marked difference in the diversity of cecal bacteria between the tested mice. Elevated serum levels of inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 were observed in the stressed mice, while TMC3115 only reduced the IL-6 level. These findings suggest that TMC3115 supplementation confers tolerance to psychosocial stress in the host through modulation of the gut microbiota and alleviation of stress-induced inflammatory responses. Furthermore, it may be expected to exert prevention and treatment of disorders related to peripheral IL-6, including depression.
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15
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Wang LJ, Yang CY, Kuo HC, Chou WJ, Tsai CS, Lee SY. Effect of Bifidobacterium bifidum on Clinical Characteristics and Gut Microbiota in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020227. [PMID: 35207715 PMCID: PMC8877879 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine whether probiotics supplements using Bifidobacterium bifidum (Bf-688) can improve clinical characteristics and gut microbiomes among patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This open-label, single-arm trial consisted of 30 children aged 4–16 years who met the criteria for ADHD diagnosis. Each subject took Bf-688, with one sachet in the morning and one in the evening (daily bacteria count 5 × 109 CFUs), for 8 weeks. Patients’ clinical symptoms were assessed using the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale (SNAP-IV). We collected stool samples at the baseline, the 8th week, and the 12th week for gut microbiota examination. During the 8-week Bf-688 supplement period, patients’ inattention symptoms and hyperactivity/impulsive symptoms improved, and their weights and BMIs increased. For gut microbiota, the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio (F/B ratio) decreased significantly. LEfSe analysis revealed that Firmicutes significantly decreased while Proteobacteria significantly increased during the 8-week treatment period. After Bf-688 was discontinued for 4 weeks (12 weeks from baseline), Bacteroidota significantly decreased and Shigella significantly increased. The probiotic Bf-688 supplement was associated with an improvement of clinical symptoms and with weight gain among ADHD children. Furthermore, gut microbiota composition was significantly altered by the Bf-688 supplement. A future randomized control trial is warranted to verify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Jen Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Ta-Pei Road, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (W.-J.C.); (C.-S.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-7317123 (ext. 8753); Fax: +886-7-7326817
| | - Chia-Yu Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 83301, Taiwan;
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 33332, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Chang Kuo
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Ta-Pei Road, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan;
- Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jiun Chou
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Ta-Pei Road, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (W.-J.C.); (C.-S.T.)
| | - Ching-Shu Tsai
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Ta-Pei Road, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan; (W.-J.C.); (C.-S.T.)
| | - Sheng-Yu Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan;
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
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16
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A Pilot Study of the Effect of Lactobacillus casei Obtained from Long-Lived Elderly on Blood Biochemical, Oxidative, and Inflammatory Markers, and on Gut Microbiota in Young Volunteers. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113891. [PMID: 34836153 PMCID: PMC8622130 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotic intake has been shown to improve certain physiological health indicators. We aimed to examine effects of Lactobacillus casei LTL1879, obtained from long-lived elderly volunteers, on blood biochemical, oxidative, and inflammatory markers and gut microbiota in twenty healthy, young volunteers. Volunteers were randomly divided into equal probiotic and placebo groups and changes in blood biochemical indicators, oxidative and inflammatory markers, and gut microbiota were examined after three weeks of probiotic intervention. The probiotic group’s antioxidant levels were significantly enhanced post-intervention. Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) levels were significantly increased (p < 0.0001), while malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased (p < 0.05), and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) levels increased, but with no significant difference. In addition, Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were significantly up-regulated and down-regulated (p < 0.05, respectively). Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, and Bacteroides expression was significantly reduced (p < 0.05), while Clostridium leptum, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus expression increased (p < 0.05). Volunteer health status was quantified using principal components and cluster analysis, indicating that the probiotic group’s overall score was higher than that of the placebo group. The results of this pilot study suggest L. casei LTL 1879 can significantly improve specific immune, oxidative, and gut microbiota characteristics related to health factors.
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Jin J, Cheng R, Ren Y, Shen X, Wang J, Xue Y, Zhang H, Jia X, Li T, He F, Tian H. Distinctive Gut Microbiota in Patients with Overweight and Obesity with Dyslipidemia and its Responses to Long-term Orlistat and Ezetimibe Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Open-label Trial. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:732541. [PMID: 34512358 PMCID: PMC8426637 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.732541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the gut microbiota and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) characteristics of subjects with obesity from Xinjiang in northwestern China, a region with a multiethnic culture and characteristic lifestyle, and to explore the potential microbes that respond to a 12-wk medication of orlistat and ezetimibe with a randomized controlled open-label trial manner. The gut microbiota profile of patients with overweight and obesity with dyslipidemia in Xinjiang was distinctive and characterized by enrichment of Lactobacillus and the reduction of the diversity and the depletion of Actinobacteria, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, and Bacteroides fragilis. Prevotella-type, Gemmiger-type, and Escherichia/Shigella-type were the gut microbial patterns of the Xinjiang population. However, the fecal SCFAs levels and enterotypes were similar between healthy individuals and patients. These results indicated that the contribution of the gut microbiota to obesity was highly dependent on geography and dietary habits. Waist circumference, total triglyceride (TG), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were significantly decreased after orlistat therapy, whereas TG, total cholesterol (TC), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly decreased by ezetimibe. Overall, the gut microbiota and their SCFAs metabolites were relatively stable after treatment with the two drugs, with alteration of some low-abundant bacteria, i.e., significantly increased Proteobacteria and decreased Alloprevotella after orlistat, and increased Fusobacteria and Fusobacterium after ezetimibe therapy. These results indicated that intestinal malabsorption of dietary fat and cholesterol caused by orlistat and ezetimibe had a limited effect on the overall gut microbial community and their metabolites. Nevertheless, significant correlations between several core microbes that responded to the medications and biochemical data were found; in particular, Actinomyces and Bacteroides were positively correlated with FBG after orlistat intervention, while Clostridium XVIII and Lachnospiracea incertae sedis were negatively correlated with TC and LDL-C after ezetimibe intervention, thus indicating their roles in improving glucolipid metabolism in obesity by acting as potential microbial targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruyue Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiani Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yigui Xue
- Frontier Medical Service Training Battalion of Army Military Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- People's Hospital of Akto County, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiuhua Jia
- Health Service Center, Akto County, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tingting Li
- People's Hospital of Akto County, Xinjiang, China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoming Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Lee S, You H, Lee M, Kim D, Jung S, Park Y, Hyun S. Different Reactions in Each Enterotype Depending on the Intake of Probiotic Yogurt Powder. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1277. [PMID: 34208176 PMCID: PMC8230767 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics can be used as a nutritional strategy to improve gut homeostasis. We aimed to evaluate the intestinal microbiota profile of 18 subjects after ingestion of probiotic yogurt powder (PYP) based on enterotype. The subjects were classified into three enterotypes according to their microbial community: Bacteroides (n = 9, type B), Prevotella (n = 3, type P), and Ruminococcus (n = 6, type R). We performed controlled termination in a transient series that included a control period of three weeks before probiotic intake, PYP intake for three weeks, and a three-week washout period. Fecal microbiota composition was analyzed by sequencing the V3-V4 super variable region of 16S rRNA. Based on the Bristol stool shape scale, abnormal stool shape improved with PYP intake, and bowel movements were activated. The abundance of Faecalibacterium, Eggerthella, and Leuconostoc, which ferment and metabolize glucose, showed a strong correlation with type B Bacteroides, and glucose metabolism improvement was observed in all type B subjects. Alkaline phosphatase was significantly improved only in type B. In addition, the abundance of type B Bacteroides showed a negative correlation with that of Lactobacillus. The abundance of Streptococcus, Agathobacter, and Christensenella, which are involved in lipid metabolism, showed a strong correlation with that of type P Prevotella, and triglyceride metabolism improvement was observed in all type P subjects. The gut microbiota showed only short-term changes after PYP intake and showed resilience by returning to its original state when PYP intake was interrupted. In summary, the different responses to PYP intake may result from the different enterotypes and associated strains; therefore, the probiotic composition should be adjusted based on the individual enterotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhee Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Graduate School, Eulji University, Dongil-ro 712, Uijeongbu-si 11759, Korea;
| | - Heesang You
- Department of Senior Healthcare, Graduate School, Eulji University, Dongil-ro 712, Uijeongbu-si 11759, Korea;
| | - Minho Lee
- Department of Food Science and Service, College of Bio-Convergence, Eulji University, Sansung daero 553, Seongnam-si 13135, Korea;
| | - Doojin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Eulji University, Sansung daero 553, Seongnam-si 13135, Korea;
| | - Sunghee Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Dunsan-seo 95, Daejeon-si 35233, Korea;
| | - Youngsook Park
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nowon Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Hangeul Biseok-ro 68, Seoul 01830, Korea;
| | - Sunghee Hyun
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Graduate School, Eulji University, Dongil-ro 712, Uijeongbu-si 11759, Korea;
- Department of Senior Healthcare, Graduate School, Eulji University, Dongil-ro 712, Uijeongbu-si 11759, Korea;
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An 8-Week Administration of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus plantarum Combined with Exercise Training Alleviates Neurotoxicity of Aβ and Spatial Learning via Acetylcholine in Alzheimer Rat Model. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 71:1495-1505. [PMID: 33715084 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01812-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effects of 8 weeks of an administration of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus plantarum combined with exercise training on neurotoxicity of Aβ, spatial learning, acetylcholine (ACH), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in Alzheimer rats. Twenty-five Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 5 in each): (1) healthy control (control), (2) Alzheimer disease (AD), (3) AD with treadmill exercise (AD + Exe), (4) AD with probiotic (combined administration of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus plantarum) treatment (AD + Pro), and (5) AD with treadmill exercise and probiotic treatment (AD + Exe + Pro). AD was induced by intra-cerebroventricular injection of Aβ1-42 peptide. Then, the training groups exercised on treadmill for 8 weeks, 5 days per weeks. The rats were treated daily with probiotic supplements via gavage for 8 weeks. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was administered to measure spatial learning. Then, the animals were sacrificed and Vegf and ACH were analyzed using the qPCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) methods, respectively. Results showed that the β-amyloid plaques were significantly increased in the brains of the AD group compared with the control group (p < 0.001). The combined use of probiotics and exercise training significantly increased the time spent in the target quadrant after removing the platform, compared with the AD group in the Morris water maze test (p < 0.001). Crystal violet analysis showed that sole (p < 0.01) and combined exercise training and probiotic supplementation (p < 0.001) significantly reduced the number of dead cells in the brains of rats compared with the AD group. AD significantly decreased Vegf mRNA and ACH in the CA1 area of the hippocampus (p < 0.001). However, mono and combined therapy (exercise and probiotics) significantly increased ACH in the rats' brain compared with the AD group. Overall, 8 weeks of an administration of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus plantarum combined with exercise training can improve spatial learning impairment in the AD rats. Exercise and probiotics seem to offer potential benefits to AD patients by upregulating ACH.
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Kang X, Liang H, Luo Y, Li Z, He F, Han X, Zhang L. Streptococcus thermophilus MN-ZLW-002 Can Inhibit Pre-adipocyte Differentiation through Macrophage Activation. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:316-324. [PMID: 33390424 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It is well documented that obesity and metabolic syndrome have a deep association with the intestinal immune system of the host animal. Recent studies indicate that some selected probiotics can modulate the immune responses of the host animal, thereby altering its lipid metabolism. However, the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. This study was conducted to investigate the possibility of probiotics to activate macrophages in the hosts, thus alter the differentiation of pre-adipocytes. In this study, Streptococcus thermophilus MN-ZLW-002 (MN-ZLW-002) was co-cultured with RAW264.7 macrophages, with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) as a control. The conditioned medium (CM) of the co-culture was collected and then added to 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. Viable and heat-killed (80 °C, 30 min) MN-ZLW-002 stimulated RAW264.7 cells to produce significant amounts of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and induced intense phosphorylation of P38, p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Cytokine production reduced dramatically when heat-killed MN-ZLW-002 was treated with Ribonuclease. Viable and heat-killed LGG induced less cytokine production and little signaling protein activation. Viable and heat-killed MN-ZLW-002-stimulated RAW264.7-CM notably suppressed pre-adipocytes differentiation. However, viable LGG-stimulated RAW264.7-CM had a weaker effect and heat-killed LGG-stimulated RAW264.7-CM had no effect. These findings suggest that viable and heat-killed (80 °C, 30 min) MN-ZLW-002 may alter its lipid metabolism by regulating its immune response, possibly via the release of cytokine, particularly TNF-α. The RNA of heat-killed MN-ZLW-002 may be a key component in its immune activation effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Kang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology
| | - Huijing Liang
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and West China Forth Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Yating Luo
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and West China Forth Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Zhouyong Li
- R&D Center, Inner Mongolia Meng Niu Dairy Industry (Group) Co., Ltd
| | - Fang He
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and West China Forth Hospital, Sichuan University
| | - Xue Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology
| | - Lanwei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China
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21
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Lee SH, Cho SY, Yoon Y, Park C, Sohn J, Jeong JJ, Jeon BN, Jang M, An C, Lee S, Kim YY, Kim G, Kim S, Kim Y, Lee GB, Lee EJ, Kim SG, Kim HS, Kim Y, Kim H, Yang HS, Kim S, Kim S, Chung H, Moon MH, Nam MH, Kwon JY, Won S, Park JS, Weinstock GM, Lee C, Yoon KW, Park H. Bifidobacterium bifidum strains synergize with immune checkpoint inhibitors to reduce tumour burden in mice. Nat Microbiol 2021; 6:277-288. [PMID: 33432149 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-020-00831-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome can influence the development of tumours and the efficacy of cancer therapeutics1-5; however, the multi-omics characteristics of antitumour bacterial strains have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we integrated metagenomics, genomics and transcriptomics of bacteria, and analyses of mouse intestinal transcriptome and serum metabolome data to reveal an additional mechanism by which bacteria determine the efficacy of cancer therapeutics. In gut microbiome analyses of 96 samples from patients with non-small-cell lung cancer, Bifidobacterium bifidum was abundant in patients responsive to therapy. However, when we treated syngeneic mouse tumours with commercial strains of B. bifidum to establish relevance for potential therapeutic uses, only specific B. bifidum strains reduced tumour burden synergistically with PD-1 blockade or oxaliplatin treatment by eliciting an antitumour host immune response. In mice, these strains induced tuning of the immunological background by potentiating the production of interferon-γ, probably through the enhanced biosynthesis of immune-stimulating molecules and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hoon Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Yup Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngmin Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Choa An
- Genome and Company, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Suro Lee
- Genome and Company, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | | | - Gihyeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sujeong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yunjae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Korea
| | - Gwang Bin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Hong Sook Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeongmin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyun-Suk Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea
| | - Sarang Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea
| | - Seonggon Kim
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu, Korea
| | - Hayung Chung
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul Center, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Myung Hee Nam
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Young Kwon
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Sungho Won
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon-Suk Park
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (DGMIF), Daegu, Korea
| | | | - Charles Lee
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.,Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kyoung Wan Yoon
- Genome and Company, Gyeonggi-do, Korea. .,Department of Biotechnology, Hoseo University, Asan, Korea.
| | - Hansoo Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Korea. .,Genome and Company, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
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22
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Chiu HF, Fang CY, Shen YC, Venkatakrishnan K, Wang CK. Efficacy of Probiotic Milk Formula on Blood Lipid and Intestinal Function in Mild Hypercholesterolemic Volunteers: A Placebo-control, Randomized Clinical Trial. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:624-632. [PMID: 33404865 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09728-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have reported that probiotics could modulate host lipid metabolism via altering the intestinal microbiota. Hence, the current study was aimed to assess the efficacy of a mixture of probiotic-contained milk formula (PMF) with three different bacterial strains [Lactobacillus acidophilus (La5), Lactobacillus casei (TMC), Bifidobacterium lactis (Bb12)] on lipid profile and intestinal function in healthy mild hypercholesterolemic volunteers. Totally, 40 healthy mild hypercholesterolemic subjects (180-220 mg/dL) were randomly assigned into two groups as placebo or experimental group. All the subjects were requested to drink either PMF (experimental) or skimmed milk drink formula-placebo (30 g mixed with 200 mL of water) for 10 weeks and continued by 2 weeks of the follow-up period. Supplementation of PMF for 10 weeks significantly improved (p < 0.05) the fecal weight, fecal movement (decreased fecal gastrointestinal passing time) by improving intestinal microbiota (increasing beneficial bacterial species like Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium spp.), and lag time of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. Also, intake of PMF substantially reduced (p < 0.05) the levels of total cholesterol (TC; 8.1%) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c; 10.4%) and thus showcasing its cardioprotective efficacy. PMF considerably improves gastrointestinal function by modulating fecal movement, intestinal microbiota, and decrease cholesterol and might be helpful in the management of hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fang Chiu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taichung Hospital Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung City-40301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Yuan Fang
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung City-40201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - You-Cheng Shen
- School of Health Diet and Industry Management, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung City-40201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kamesh Venkatakrishnan
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung City-40201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-Kun Wang
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung City-40201, Taiwan, ROC.
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23
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Kang X, Liang H, Luo Y, Li Z, He F, Han X, Zhang L. Anti-adipogenesis and metabolism-regulating effects of heat-inactivated Streptococcus thermophilus MN-ZLW-002. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 72:677-687. [PMID: 32981107 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome and obesity have become serious threats to public health worldwide. This study was conducted to evaluate the anti-adipogenesis and metabolism-regulating effects of heat-inactivated Streptococcus thermophilus MN-ZLW-002 (MN-ZLW-002), which can be used as a yogurt starter. In vitro study suggested that MN-ZLW-002 stimulated the RAW264.7 macrophages to produce significant amounts of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and induced intense phosphorylation of P38, p44/42 MAPK and nuclear factor κB. MN-ZLW-002-stimulated RAW264.7-conditioned medium (CM) notably suppressed the differentiation and adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. The 12-week in vivo study suggested that orally administered MN-ZLW-002 significantly reduced the weight gain of mice caused by the high-fat diet (HFD) at weeks 3-8; decreased fasting blood glucose levels at week 4 and week 8; decreased serum total triglyceride level at week 12. MN-ZLW-002 also reduced serum IL-1β and chemokine ligand 3 levels in the HFD-fed mice. These findings suggest that heat-inactivated MN-ZLW-002 can suppress adipocytes differentiation and lipid accumulation by regulating the immune response, possibly via the release of cytokines, particularly TNF-α; MN-ZLW-002 can improve metabolism-related indicators in the early stage of HFD intervention and regulate the related pro-inflammatory immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Kang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - H Liang
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and West China Forth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Luo
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and West China Forth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Z Li
- R&D Center, Inner Mongolia Meng Niu Dairy Industry (Group) Co., Ltd, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - F He
- Department of Nutrition, Food Safety and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and West China Forth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - X Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - L Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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24
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Lee SH, You HS, Kang HG, Kang SS, Hyun SH. Association between Altered Blood Parameters and Gut Microbiota after Synbiotic Intake in Healthy, Elderly Korean Women. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103112. [PMID: 33053824 PMCID: PMC7650560 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Synbiotics intake can alter the composition of intestinal microbes beneficially. We aimed to detect the changes in the intestinal microbiomes of 37 healthy elderly Korean women after the intake of a synbiotic drink. This was a longitudinal study controlled with a temporal series, including a control period of 3 weeks before intake, synbiotic intake for 3 weeks, and a washout period of 3 weeks. Fecal microbiota composition was analyzed by sequencing the V3-V4 hypervariable regions of 16S rRNA. Physical fecal activity increased with improvement in fecal shape. Thirty intestinal bacterial taxa were observed to change only after the intake period. In particular, Ellagibacter appeared only after ingestion. In addition, the abundance of Terrisporobacter showed a positive correlation with C-reactive protein, triglyceride. Lachnospiraceae_uc, Eubacterium_g5, and Blautia had a positive correlation with creatinine, whereas PAC001100_g had a negative correlation with creatinine. Short-term (3 weeks) intake of symbiotic organisms changes the composition of the gut microbiota in healthy elderly Korean women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Hee Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Eulji University, 77 Gyeryong-ro, 771 Beon-gil, Jung-gu, Daejeon 34824, Korea; (S.H.L.); (H.S.Y.)
- Department of Senior Healthcare, BK21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Eulji University, 77 Gyeryong-ro, 771 Beon-gil, Jung-gu, Daejeon 34824, Korea;
| | - Hee Sang You
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Eulji University, 77 Gyeryong-ro, 771 Beon-gil, Jung-gu, Daejeon 34824, Korea; (S.H.L.); (H.S.Y.)
- Department of Senior Healthcare, BK21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Eulji University, 77 Gyeryong-ro, 771 Beon-gil, Jung-gu, Daejeon 34824, Korea;
| | - Hee-Gyoo Kang
- Department of Senior Healthcare, BK21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Eulji University, 77 Gyeryong-ro, 771 Beon-gil, Jung-gu, Daejeon 34824, Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Korea
| | - Sang Sun Kang
- Department of Biology Education, Chungbuk National University, Chungdae-ro 1, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Korea;
| | - Sung Hee Hyun
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, School of Medicine, Eulji University, 77 Gyeryong-ro, 771 Beon-gil, Jung-gu, Daejeon 34824, Korea; (S.H.L.); (H.S.Y.)
- Department of Senior Healthcare, BK21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Eulji University, 77 Gyeryong-ro, 771 Beon-gil, Jung-gu, Daejeon 34824, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-10-9412-8853
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25
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Jing W, Liu Q, Wang W. Bifidobacterium bifidum
TMC3115 ameliorates milk protein allergy in by affecting gut microbiota: A randomized double‐blind control trial. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13489. [PMID: 32996156 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jing
- Department of Pediatric Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Changchun China
| | - Qingbin Liu
- Department of Pediatric Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Changchun China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pediatric Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Changchun China
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26
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He YJ, You CG. The Potential Role of Gut Microbiota in the Prevention and Treatment of Lipid Metabolism Disorders. Int J Endocrinol 2020; 2020:8601796. [PMID: 33005189 PMCID: PMC7509545 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8601796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to changes in lifestyle, diet structure, and aging worldwide, the incidence of metabolic syndromes such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity is increasing. Metabolic syndrome is considered to be closely related to cardiovascular disease and severely affects human health. In recent years, researchers have revealed that the gut microbiota, through its own or interacting metabolites, has a positive role in regulating metabolic syndrome. Therefore, the gut microbiota has been a new "organ" for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. The role has not been clarified, and more research is necessary to prove the specific role of specific strains. Probiotics are also believed to regulate metabolic syndromes by regulating the gut microbiota and are expected to become a new preparation for treating metabolic syndromes. This review focuses on the regulation of lipid metabolism disorders by the gut microbiota through the effects of bile acids (BA), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile salt hydrolase (BSH), and genes such as ABCG5 and ABCG8, FXR, NPC1L, and LDL-R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jun He
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen Lanzhou, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Chong-Ge You
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen Lanzhou, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
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27
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Cheng R, Xu T, Zhang Y, Wang F, Zhao L, Jiang Y, He F. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium bifidum TMC3115 Can Affect Development of Hippocampal Neurons Cultured In Vitro in a Strain-Dependent Manner. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 12:589-599. [PMID: 31286435 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09571-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This study examined whether Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and Bifidobacterium bifidum TMC3115 (TMC3115) could morphologically or physiologically influence hippocampal neuronal development in vitro. Hippocampal neurons cultured in vitro were exposed to live or heat-inactivated LGG or TMC3115 for either 6 or 24 h. Neuronal morphological changes and drebrin (DRB) and synaptophysin (SYP) protein levels were monitored using immunofluorescence. And the levels of DRB, SYP, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) mRNA were detected using RT-PCR. The BDNF, CREB, and phosphorylated-CREB (P-CREB) protein levels were detected by extraction-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or Western blot assays. Heat-inactivated LGG and TMC3115 could enhance neuron viability, DRB and SYP protein levels, and BDNF mRNA level were significantly altered after exposure to the tested bacteria with 6 h or 24 h. There were no significant differences in neuronal morphology or DRB, SYP, or CREB mRNA levels among the groups following bacterial exposure. However, following exposure of live TMC3115 for 24 h, the neuronal BDNF and P-CREB protein levels were both significantly up-regulated as detected by western blot assays. These results demonstrated that LGG and TMC3115 could affect neuronal viability, along with hippocampal synaptic and functional development, in a strain-dependent manner, which may also be closely associated with the physiological and culture conditions of each strain. Up-regulated P-CREB may be one of the underlying mechanisms by which the bacteria, especially neurons following exposure of live TMC3115 for 24 h, are able to regulate neuronal BDNF protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyue Cheng
- Department of Nutrition, Food Hygiene and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, No. 16, 3rd section, South Renmin Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Food Hygiene and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, No. 16, 3rd section, South Renmin Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Linsen Zhao
- Hebei Inatural Biotech Co. Ltd., Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yugang Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fang He
- Department of Nutrition, Food Hygiene and Toxicology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, No. 16, 3rd section, South Renmin Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Wang F, Xu T, Zhang Y, Zheng T, He Y, He F, Jiang Y. Long-term combined administration of Bifidobacterium bifidum TMC3115 and Lactobacillus plantarum 45 alleviates spatial memory impairment and gut dysbiosis in APP/PS1 mice. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 367:5815078. [PMID: 32239209 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effects of Bifidobacterium bifidum TMC3115, Lactobacillus plantarum 45 (LP45) and their combined use on cognitive performance and gut microbiota in APP/PS1 mice. The APP/PS1 mice were randomly divided into four groups: Alzheimer's disease (AD) model group, TMC3115 group [1 × 109 colony forming unit (CFU)], LP45 group (1 × 109 CFU) and a mixture group of TMC3115 (5 × 108 CFU) and LP45 (5 × 108 CFU). The wild-type littermates were chosen as normal control. The mice were sacrificed at the end of 22 weeks after behavioral evaluation. Collected cecum content was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Combined use of TMC3115 and LP45 significantly increased the times across the platform, time spent in the target quadrant compared with the AD, TMC3115 and LP45 groups in Morris water maze test. Microbiota analysis showed that combined TMC3115 and LP45 supplementation significantly increased observed species and beta diversity, and reversed gut dysbiosis by decreasing the abundance of Bacteroides and increasing the abundance of Acetatifactor and Millionella. These results indicate the long-term combined administration of TMC3115 and LP45 can improve spatial memory impairment in APP/PS1 mice and suggest that modifying the gut microbiome may provide potential benefits for AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Tong Xu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yunling He
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
| | - Fang He
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yugang Jiang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Tianjin 300050, China
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29
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Chitosan Oligosaccharides Show Protective Effects in Coronary Heart Disease by Improving Antioxidant Capacity via the Increase in Intestinal Probiotics. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:7658052. [PMID: 30984339 PMCID: PMC6431530 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7658052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We explored the effects of chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) on coronary heart disease (CHD) patients. The component of COS was measured by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). CHD patients were evenly assigned into the COS group (COG) and the placebo group (CG). The duration of treatment was 6 months and therapeutic results were explored by measuring left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) value, Lee scores, quality of life (QOL), blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine. The intestinal flora were determined by 16s rDNA sequencing. The circulating antioxidant levels and lipid profiles were compared between two groups. There were 7 different degrees of polymerization (DP4-10) in COS. Lee scores, QOL scores, and LVEF values in the COG group were higher than those in the CG group (P < 0.05). COS treatment improved blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine when compared with controls (P < 0.05). Circulating antioxidant levels were higher in the COG group than in the CG group. COS consumption increased the serum levels of SOD and GSH and reduced the levels of ALT and AST (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, lipid profiles were improved in the COG group. COS consumption increased the abundance of Faecalibacterium, Alistipes, and Escherichia and decreased the abundance of Bacteroides, Megasphaera, Roseburia, Prevotella, and Bifidobacterium (P < 0.05). On the other hand, COS consumption increased the probiotic species Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, and Phascolarctobacterium. The increased species have been reported to be associated with antioxidant properties or lipid improvement. COS had similar effects with chitohexaose on the growth rate of these species. Therefore, COS ameliorate the symptoms of CHD patients by improving antioxidant capacities and lipid profiles via the increase of probiotics in the intestinal flora.
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30
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Swartwout B, Luo XM. Implications of Probiotics on the Maternal-Neonatal Interface: Gut Microbiota, Immunomodulation, and Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2840. [PMID: 30559747 PMCID: PMC6286978 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are being investigated for the treatment of autoimmune disease by re-balancing dysbiosis induced changes in the immune system. Pregnancy is a health concern surrounding autoimmune disease, both for the mother and her child. Probiotics for maternity are emerging on the market and have gained significant momentum in the literature. Thus far, evidence supports that probiotics alter the structure of the normal microbiota and the microbiota changes significantly during pregnancy. The interaction between probiotics-induced changes and normal changes during pregnancy is poorly understood. Furthermore, there is emerging evidence that the maternal gut microbiota influences the microbiota of offspring, leading to questions on how maternal probiotics may influence the health of neonates. Underpinning the development and balance of the immune system, the microbiota, especially that of the gut, is significantly important, and dysbiosis is an agent of immune dysregulation and autoimmunity. However, few studies exist on the implications of maternal probiotics for the outcome of pregnancy in autoimmune disease. Is it helpful or harmful for mother with autoimmune disease to take probiotics, and would this be protective or pathogenic for her child? Controversy surrounds whether probiotics administered maternally or during infancy are healthful for allergic disease, and their use for autoimmunity is relatively unexplored. This review aims to discuss the use of maternal probiotics in health and autoimmune disease and to investigate their immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Swartwout
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Xin M. Luo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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