1
|
Rutkowsky JM, Roland Z, Valenzuela A, Nguyen AB, Park HH, Six N, Dursun I, Kim K, Lein PJ, Ramsey JJ. The impact of continuous and intermittent ketogenic diets on cognitive behavior, motor function, and blood lipids in TgF344-AD rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:5811-5828. [PMID: 38613791 PMCID: PMC11042947 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Studies suggest that ketogenic diets (KD) may improve memory in mouse models of aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study determined whether a continuous or intermittent KD (IKD) enhanced cognitive behavior in the TgF344-AD rat model of AD. At 6 months-old, TgF344-AD and wild-type (WT) littermates were placed on a control (CD), KD, or IKD (morning CD and afternoon KD) provided as two meals per day for 2 or 6 months. Cognitive and motor behavior and circulating β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), AD biomarkers and blood lipids were assessed. Animals on a KD diet had elevated circulating BHB, with IKD levels intermediate to CD and KD. TgF344-AD rats displayed impaired spatial learning memory in the Barnes maze at 8 and 12 months of age and impaired motor coordination at 12 months of age. Neither KD nor IKD improved performance compared to CD. At 12 months of age, TgF344-AD animals had elevated blood lipids. IKD reduced lipids to WT levels with KD further reducing cholesterol below WT levels. This study shows that at 8 or 12 months of age, KD or IKD intervention did not improve measures of cognitive or motor behavior in TgF344-AD rats; however, both IKD and KD positively impacted circulating lipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Rutkowsky
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Zabrisky Roland
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Anthony Valenzuela
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - An B. Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Heui Hye Park
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Natalie Six
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ilknur Dursun
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul 34396, Turkey
| | - Kyoungmi Kim
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Pamela J. Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- The MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jon J. Ramsey
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dathees TJ, Makarios Paul SP, Sanmugam A, Abiram A, Murugan S, Kumar RS, Almansour AI, Arumugam N, Nandhakumar R, Vikraman D. Naphthalene derived Schiff base as a reversible fluorogenic chemosensor for aluminium ions detection. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 308:123732. [PMID: 38064962 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Schiff base (HNPD) was achieved by reacting 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde with N-phenyl-o-phenylenediamine in enthanol medium. The spectroscopic analyses were done to establish the formation of Schiff base apparently. Further, synthesized Schiff base conjugate was successfully used as a fluorogenic chemosensor to detect aluminium ions (Al3+) with high fluorescence amplification among the other interfering various metal ions. The limit of detection of 0.0248 × 10-6 M and a binding constant of 6.19 × 103 M-1 were obtained by the receptor HNPD for Al3+ detection. A high influence of intramolecular charge transfer kinetics was established to realize the selective responsiveness towards Al3+ ions. Density functional theory approximation formulated the band energy modulation and localization and delocalization of electron density for the HNPD and Al3+ complexation. The developed sensor ultimately inspected on the real soil and water samples and ascertained the practical ability of Al3+ ions detection of HNPD chemosensor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Johny Dathees
- Fluorensic Materials Laboratory, Department of Physical Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed-to-be University), Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore 641 114, India
| | - S Prince Makarios Paul
- Department of Physical Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed-to-be University), Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore 641 114, India
| | - Anandhavelu Sanmugam
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Pennalur, Sriperumpudur 602 117, India
| | - A Abiram
- Department of Physical Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed-to-be University), Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore 641 114, India
| | - S Murugan
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed-to-be University), Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore 641 114, India
| | - Raju Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman I Almansour
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Natrajan Arumugam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Nandhakumar
- Fluorensic Materials Laboratory, Department of Physical Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences (Deemed-to-be University), Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore 641 114, India.
| | - Dhanasekaran Vikraman
- Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Piccirillo S, Preziuso A, Cerqueni G, Serfilippi T, Terenzi V, Vinciguerra A, Amoroso S, Lariccia V, Magi S. A strategic tool to improve the study of molecular determinants of Alzheimer's disease: The role of glyceraldehyde. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115869. [PMID: 37871878 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia and is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration leading to severe cognitive, memory, and behavioral impairments. The onset of AD involves a complex interplay among various factors, including age, genetics, chronic inflammation, and impaired energy metabolism. Despite significant efforts, there are currently no effective therapies capable of modifying the course of AD, likely owing to an excessive focus on the amyloid hypothesis and a limited consideration of other intracellular pathways. In the present review, we emphasize the emerging concept of AD as a metabolic disease, where alterations in energy metabolism play a critical role in its development and progression. Notably, glucose metabolism impairment is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, Ca2+ dyshomeostasis, and protein misfolding, forming interconnected processes that perpetuate a detrimental self-feeding loop sustaining AD progression. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), neurotoxic compounds that accumulate in AD, are considered an important consequence of glucose metabolism disruption, and glyceraldehyde (GA), a glycolytic intermediate, is a key contributor to AGEs formation in both neurons and astrocytes. Exploring the impact of GA-induced glucose metabolism impairment opens up exciting possibilities for creating an easy-to-handle in vitro model that recapitulates the early stage of the disease. This model holds great potential for advancing the development of novel therapeutics targeting various intracellular pathways implicated in AD pathogenesis. In conclusion, looking beyond the conventional amyloid hypothesis could lead researchers to discover promising targets for intervention, offering the possibility of addressing the existing medical gaps in AD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Piccirillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Preziuso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Cerqueni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Tiziano Serfilippi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Valentina Terenzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Antonio Vinciguerra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Amoroso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Lariccia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Simona Magi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lushnikova I, Kostiuchenko O, Kowalczyk M, Skibo G. mTOR/α-ketoglutarate signaling: impact on brain cell homeostasis under ischemic conditions. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1132114. [PMID: 37252190 PMCID: PMC10213632 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1132114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The multifunctional molecules mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and α-ketoglutarate (αKG) are crucial players in the regulatory mechanisms that maintain cell homeostasis in an ever-changing environment. Cerebral ischemia is associated primarily with oxygen-glucose deficiency (OGD) due to circulatory disorders. Upon exceeding a threshold of resistance to OGD, essential pathways of cellular metabolism can be disrupted, leading to damage of brain cells up to the loss of function and death. This mini-review focuses on the role of mTOR and αKG signaling in the metabolic homeostasis of brain cells under OGD conditions. Integral mechanisms concerning the relative cell resistance to OGD and the molecular basis of αKG-mediated neuroprotection are discussed. The study of molecular events associated with cerebral ischemia and endogenous neuroprotection is relevant for improving the effectiveness of therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Lushnikova
- Department of Cytology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olha Kostiuchenko
- Department of Cytology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kowalczyk
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Galyna Skibo
- Department of Cytology, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kostiuchenko O, Lushnikova I, Kowalczyk M, Skibo G. mTOR/α-ketoglutarate-mediated signaling pathways in the context of brain neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. BBA ADVANCES 2022; 2:100066. [PMID: 37082603 PMCID: PMC10074856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2022.100066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral disorders are largely associated with impaired cellular metabolism, despite the regulatory mechanisms designed to ensure cell viability and adequate brain function. Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is one of the most crucial factors in the regulation of energy homeostasis and its imbalance is linked with a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Recent advances in the metabolic pathways' modulation indicate the role of α-ketoglutarate (AKG) as a major signaling hub, additionally highlighting its anti-aging and neuroprotective properties, but the mechanisms of its action are not entirely clear. In this review, we analyzed the physiological and pathophysiological aspects of mTOR in the brain. We also discussed AKG's multifunctional properties, as well as mTOR/AKG-mediated functional communications in cellular metabolism. Thus, this article provides a broad overview of the mTOR/AKG-mediated signaling pathways, in the context of neurodegeneration and endogenous neuroprotection, with the aim to find novel therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
6
|
Han Y, Quan X, Chuang Y, Liang Q, Li Y, Yuan Z, Bian Y, Wei L, Wang J, Zhao Y. A multi-omics analysis for the prediction of neurocognitive disorders risk among the elderly in Macao. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e909. [PMID: 35696554 PMCID: PMC9191869 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the increasing ageing population, neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) have been a global public health issue, and its prevention and early diagnosis are crucial. Our previous study demonstrated that there is a significant correlation between specific populations and NCDs, but the biological characteristics of the vulnerable group predispose to NCDs are unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the predictors for the vulnerable group by a multi-omics analysis. METHODS Multi-omics approaches, including metagenomics, metabolomic and proteomic, were used to detect gut microbiota, faecal metabolites and urine exosome of 8 normal controls and 13 vulnerable elders after a rigorous screening of 400 elders in Macao. The multi-omics data were analysed using R and Bioconductor. The two-sided Wilcoxon's rank-sum test, Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test and the linear discriminant analysis effective size were applied to investigate characterized features. Moreover, a 2-year follow-up was conducted to evaluate cognitive function change of the elderly. RESULTS Compared with the control elders, the metagenomics of gut microbiota showed that Ruminococcus gnavus, Lachnospira eligens, Escherichia coli and Desulfovibrio piger were increased significantly in the vulnerable group. Carboxylates, like alpha-ketoglutaric acid and d-saccharic acid, and levels of vitamins had obvious differences in the faecal metabolites. There was a distinct decrease in the expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 (eIF2α) and amine oxidase A (MAO-A) according to the proteomic results of the urine exosomes. Moreover, the compound annual growth rate of neurocognitive scores was notably decreased in vulnerable elders. CONCLUSIONS The multi-omics characteristics of disturbed glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism (bacteria), vitamin digestion and absorption and tricarboxylic acid cycle in vulnerable elders can serve as predictors of NCDs risk among the elderly of Macao. Intervention with them may be effective therapeutic approaches for NCDs, and the underlying mechanisms merit further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese MedicineInstitute of Chinese Medical SciencesUniversity of MacauTaipaMacao SARChina
| | - Xingping Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese MedicineInstitute of Chinese Medical SciencesUniversity of MacauTaipaMacao SARChina
| | | | - Qiaoxing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgerySecond Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's HospitalShenzhenChina
| | - Zhen Yuan
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain SciencesUniversity of MacauTaipaMacao SARChina
| | - Ying Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese MedicineInstitute of Chinese Medical SciencesUniversity of MacauTaipaMacao SARChina
| | - Lai Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ji Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese MedicineBeijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
| | - Yonghua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese MedicineInstitute of Chinese Medical SciencesUniversity of MacauTaipaMacao SARChina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Beard E, Lengacher S, Dias S, Magistretti PJ, Finsterwald C. Astrocytes as Key Regulators of Brain Energy Metabolism: New Therapeutic Perspectives. Front Physiol 2022; 12:825816. [PMID: 35087428 PMCID: PMC8787066 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.825816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes play key roles in the regulation of brain energy metabolism, which has a major impact on brain functions, including memory, neuroprotection, resistance to oxidative stress and homeostatic tone. Energy demands of the brain are very large, as they continuously account for 20–25% of the whole body’s energy consumption. Energy supply of the brain is tightly linked to neuronal activity, providing the origin of the signals detected by the widely used functional brain imaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography. In particular, neuroenergetic coupling is regulated by astrocytes through glutamate uptake that triggers astrocytic aerobic glycolysis and leads to glucose uptake and lactate release, a mechanism known as the Astrocyte Neuron Lactate Shuttle. Other neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide mobilize glycogen, the reserve for glucose exclusively localized in astrocytes, also resulting in lactate release. Lactate is then transferred to neurons where it is used, after conversion to pyruvate, as a rapid energy substrate, and also as a signal that modulates neuronal excitability, homeostasis, and the expression of survival and plasticity genes. Importantly, glycolysis in astrocytes and more generally cerebral glucose metabolism progressively deteriorate in aging and age-associated neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. This decreased glycolysis actually represents a common feature of several neurological pathologies. Here, we review the critical role of astrocytes in the regulation of brain energy metabolism, and how dysregulation of astrocyte-mediated metabolic pathways is involved in brain hypometabolism. Further, we summarize recent efforts at preclinical and clinical stages to target brain hypometabolism for the development of new therapeutic interventions in age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
8
|
Shumakova AA, Shipelin VA, Leontyeva EV, Gmoshinski IV. Effect of Resveratrol, L-Carnitine, and Aromatic Amino Acid Supplements on the Trace Element Content in the Organs of Mice with Dietary-Induced Obesity. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:281-297. [PMID: 33624220 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02642-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Given environmental contamination with toxic metals, diets that promote the elimination of these metals from the body of individuals, including those suffering from obesity, are urgently needed. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of supplementation with resveratrol (Res), L-carnitine (L-Car), tyrosine (Tyr), and tryptophan (Trp) on the content of trace elements in the organs of mice. DBA/2J mice and DBCB tetrahybrid mice received diets high in carbohydrate and fat supplemented with Res, L-Car, Tyr, or Trp for 65 days. In the liver, kidneys, and brain, the contents of 18 elements, including Al, As, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn, were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Res, L-Car, Tyr, and Trp had minimal or no effect on the essential elements (Fe, Mg, Cu, Zn, Se) in all organs studied. The Mn content notably increased in the organs of mice consuming L-Car and Trp. Mn accumulation was stimulated by Res in organs exclusively in DBCB mice and by Tyr exclusively in livers and brains of DBA/2J mice. Al levels were significantly reduced by L-Car and Trp in all organs of the mice, by Res in only DBCB mice, and by Tyr in only kidneys and livers of DBA/2J mice. In addition, L-Car and Trp decreased Pb accumulation in most organs of mice. Res and Tyr also inhibited Pb accumulation in some cases. Thus, the studied supplements affected the metabolism of trace elements, which may contribute to dietary treatments for obese individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonina A Shumakova
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ust'insky proezd 2/14, Moscow, 109240, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Shipelin
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ust'insky proezd 2/14, Moscow, 109240, Russia
- Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, 115093, Russia
| | - E V Leontyeva
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ust'insky proezd 2/14, Moscow, 109240, Russia
| | - Ivan V Gmoshinski
- Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Ust'insky proezd 2/14, Moscow, 109240, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Magi S, Preziuso A, Piccirillo S, Giampieri F, Cianciosi D, Orciani M, Amoroso S. The Neuroprotective Effect of L-Carnitine against Glyceraldehyde-Induced Metabolic Impairment: Possible Implications in Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082109. [PMID: 34440878 PMCID: PMC8394427 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive regression and memory loss. Dysfunctions of both glucose metabolism and mitochondrial dynamics have been recognized as the main upstream events of the degenerative processes leading to AD. It has been recently found that correcting cell metabolism by providing alternative substrates can prevent neuronal injury by retaining mitochondrial function and reducing AD marker levels. Here, we induced an AD-like phenotype by using the glycolysis inhibitor glyceraldehyde (GA) and explored whether L-carnitine (4-N-trimethylamino-3-hydroxybutyric acid, LC) could mitigate neuronal damage, both in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and in rat primary cortical neurons. We have already reported that GA significantly modified AD marker levels; here we demonstrated that GA dramatically compromised cellular bioenergetic status, as revealed by glycolysis and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) evaluation. We found that LC ameliorated cell survival, improved OCR and ATP synthesis, prevented the loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and reduced the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Of note, the beneficial effect of LC did not rely on the glycolytic pathway rescue. Finally, we noticed that LC significantly reduced the increase in pTau levels induced by GA. Overall, these findings suggest that the use of LC can promote cell survival in the setting of the metabolic impairments commonly observed in AD. Our data suggest that LC may act by maintaining mitochondrial function and by reducing the pTau level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Magi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University “Politecnica delle Marche”, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (A.P.); (S.P.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +39-071-220-6040
| | - Alessandra Preziuso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University “Politecnica delle Marche”, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (A.P.); (S.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Silvia Piccirillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University “Politecnica delle Marche”, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (A.P.); (S.P.); (S.A.)
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University “Politecnica delle Marche”, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (F.G.); (D.C.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia
| | - Danila Cianciosi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University “Politecnica delle Marche”, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (F.G.); (D.C.)
| | - Monia Orciani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences-Histology, School of Medicine, University “Politecnica delle Marche”, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Amoroso
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University “Politecnica delle Marche”, Via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (A.P.); (S.P.); (S.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu P, Yang Q, Yu N, Cao Y, Wang X, Wang Z, Qiu WY, Ma C. Phenylalanine Metabolism is Dysregulated in Human Hippocampus with Alzheimer's Disease Related Pathological Changes. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 83:609-622. [PMID: 34334403 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most challenging diseases causing an increasing burden worldwide. Although the neuropathologic diagnosis of AD has been established for many years, the metabolic changes in neuropathologic diagnosed AD samples have not been fully investigated. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the potential metabolism dysregulation in the postmortem human brain samples assessed by AD related pathological examination. METHODS We performed untargeted and targeted metabolomics in 44 postmortem human brain tissues. The metabolic differences in the hippocampus between AD group and control (NC) group were compared. RESULTS The results show that a pervasive metabolic dysregulation including phenylalanine metabolism, valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis, biotin metabolism, and purine metabolism are associated with AD pathology. Targeted metabolomics reveal that phenylalanine, phenylpyruvic acid, and N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine are upregulated in AD samples. In addition, the enzyme IL-4I1 catalyzing transformation from phenylalanine to phenylpyruvic acid is also upregulated in AD samples. CONCLUSION There is a pervasive metabolic dysregulation in hippocampus with AD-related pathological changes. Our study suggests that the dysregulation of phenylalanine metabolism in hippocampus may be an important pathogenesis for AD pathology formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, National Human Brain Bank for Development and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, National Human Brain Bank for Development and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Yu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, National Human Brain Bank for Development and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, National Human Brain Bank for Development and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, National Human Brain Bank for Development and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, National Human Brain Bank for Development and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Ying Qiu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, National Human Brain Bank for Development and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Center, National Human Brain Bank for Development and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Joint Laboratory of Anesthesia and Pain, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Szczurek-Janicka P, Ropka-Molik K, Oczkowicz M, Orczewska-Dudek S, Pietras M, Pieszka M. Expression Profile of Brain Aging and Metabolic Function are Altered by Resveratrol or α-Ketoglutarate Supplementation in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet. POL J FOOD NUTR SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.31883/pjfns/139081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
12
|
Huang Z, Xie N, Illes P, Di Virgilio F, Ulrich H, Semyanov A, Verkhratsky A, Sperlagh B, Yu SG, Huang C, Tang Y. From purines to purinergic signalling: molecular functions and human diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:162. [PMID: 33907179 PMCID: PMC8079716 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00553-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purines and their derivatives, most notably adenosine and ATP, are the key molecules controlling intracellular energy homoeostasis and nucleotide synthesis. Besides, these purines support, as chemical messengers, purinergic transmission throughout tissues and species. Purines act as endogenous ligands that bind to and activate plasmalemmal purinoceptors, which mediate extracellular communication referred to as "purinergic signalling". Purinergic signalling is cross-linked with other transmitter networks to coordinate numerous aspects of cell behaviour such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, apoptosis and other physiological processes critical for the proper function of organisms. Pathological deregulation of purinergic signalling contributes to various diseases including neurodegeneration, rheumatic immune diseases, inflammation, and cancer. Particularly, gout is one of the most prevalent purine-related disease caused by purine metabolism disorder and consequent hyperuricemia. Compelling evidence indicates that purinoceptors are potential therapeutic targets, with specific purinergic agonists and antagonists demonstrating prominent therapeutic potential. Furthermore, dietary and herbal interventions help to restore and balance purine metabolism, thus addressing the importance of a healthy lifestyle in the prevention and relief of human disorders. Profound understanding of molecular mechanisms of purinergic signalling provides new and exciting insights into the treatment of human diseases.
Collapse
Grants
- National Key R&D Program of China (2019YFC1709101,2020YFA0509400, 2020YFC2002705), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81821002, 81790251, 81373735, 81972665), Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2019B030302012), the Project First-Class Disciplines Development of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (CZYHW1901), São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP 2018/07366-4), Russian Science Foundation grant 20-14-00241, NSFC-BFBR;and Science and Technology Program of Sichuan Province, China (2019YFH0108)
- National Key R&D Program of China (2020YFA0509400, 2020YFC2002705), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81821002, 81790251).
- National Key R&D Program of China (2020YFA0509400, 2020YFC2002705), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81821002, 81790251), Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2019B030302012).
- the Project First-Class Disciplines Development of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (CZYHW1901) and Science and Technology Program of Sichuan Province, China (2019YFH0108).
- the Project First-Class Disciplines Development of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (CZYHW1901), and Science and Technology Program of Sichuan Province, China (2019YFH0108).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Na Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Peter Illes
- International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitaet Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Henning Ulrich
- International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexey Semyanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Beata Sperlagh
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Shu-Guang Yu
- International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yong Tang
- International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
- Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Acetyl-CoA Metabolism and Histone Acetylation in the Regulation of Aging and Lifespan. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040572. [PMID: 33917812 PMCID: PMC8068152 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA is a metabolite at the crossroads of central metabolism and the substrate of histone acetyltransferases regulating gene expression. In many tissues fasting or lifespan extending calorie restriction (CR) decreases glucose-derived metabolic flux through ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) to reduce cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA levels to decrease activity of the p300 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) stimulating pro-longevity autophagy. Because of this, compounds that decrease cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA have been described as CR mimetics. But few authors have highlighted the potential longevity promoting roles of nuclear acetyl-CoA. For example, increasing nuclear acetyl-CoA levels increases histone acetylation and administration of class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors increases longevity through increased histone acetylation. Therefore, increased nuclear acetyl-CoA likely plays an important role in promoting longevity. Although cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) promotes aging by decreasing autophagy in some peripheral tissues, increased glial AMPK activity or neuronal differentiation can stimulate ACSS2 nuclear translocation and chromatin association. ACSS2 nuclear translocation can result in increased activity of CREB binding protein (CBP), p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF), and other HATs to increase histone acetylation on the promoter of neuroprotective genes including transcription factor EB (TFEB) target genes resulting in increased lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy. Much of what is known regarding acetyl-CoA metabolism and aging has come from pioneering studies with yeast, fruit flies, and nematodes. These studies have identified evolutionary conserved roles for histone acetylation in promoting longevity. Future studies should focus on the role of nuclear acetyl-CoA and histone acetylation in the control of hypothalamic inflammation, an important driver of organismal aging.
Collapse
|
14
|
Domingues R, Pereira C, Cruz MT, Silva A. Therapies for Alzheimer's disease: a metabolic perspective. Mol Genet Metab 2021; 132:162-172. [PMID: 33549409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common forms of dementia in the elderly. Currently, there are over 50 million cases of dementia worldwide and it is expected that it will reach 136 million by 2050. AD is described as a neurodegenerative disease that gradually compromises memory and learning capacity. Patients often exhibit brain glucose hypometabolism and are more susceptible to develop type 2 diabetes or insulin resistance in comparison with age-matched controls. This suggests that there is a link between both pathologies. Glucose metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid cycle are tightly related to mitochondrial performance and energy production. Impairment of both these pathways can evoke oxidative damage on mitochondria and key proteins linked to several hallmarks of AD. Glycation is also another type of post-translational modification often reported in AD, which might impair the function of proteins that participate in metabolic pathways thought to be involved in this illness. Despite needing further research, therapies based on insulin treatment, usage of anti-diabetes drugs or some form of dietary intervention, have shown to be promising therapeutic approaches for AD in its early stages of progression and will be unveiled in this paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Domingues
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal
| | - Claúdia Pereira
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Cruz
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal
| | - Ana Silva
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tian J, Wang T, Wang Q, Guo L, Du H. MK0677, a Ghrelin Mimetic, Improves Neurogenesis but Fails to Prevent Hippocampal Lesions in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease Pathology. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 72:467-478. [PMID: 31594237 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampal lesions including synaptic injury, neuroinflammation, and impaired neurogenesis are featured pathology closely associated with neuronal stress and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous studies suggest that ghrelin and its receptor, growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1α (GHSR1α), promote hippocampal synaptic function and neurogenesis. GHSR1α activation thus holds the potential to be a therapeutic avenue for the treatment of hippocampal pathology in AD; however, a comprehensive study on the preventive effect of MK0677 on hippocampal lesions in AD-related conditions is still lacking. In this study, we treated a transgenic mouse model of AD-like amyloidosis (5xFAD mice) at the asymptomatic stage with MK0677, a potent ghrelin mimetic. We found that MK0677 fostered hippocampal neurogenesis in 5xFAD mice but observed little preventive function with regards to the development of hippocampal amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, synaptic loss, microglial activation, or cognitive impairment. Furthermore, MK0677 at a dose of 3 mg/kg significantly increased 5xFAD mouse mortality. Despite enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis, MK0677 treatment has little beneficial effect to prevent hippocampal lesions or cognitive deficits against Aβ toxicity. This study, together with a failed large-scale clinical trial, suggests the ineffectiveness of MK0677 alone for AD prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tian
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Tienju Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA.,Department of Neurology, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Heng Du
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Legendre F, MacLean A, Appanna VP, Appanna VD. Biochemical pathways to α-ketoglutarate, a multi-faceted metabolite. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:123. [PMID: 32686016 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02900-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
α-Ketoglutarate (AKG) also known as 2-oxoglutarate is an essential metabolite in virtually all organisms as it participates in a variety of biological processes including anti-oxidative defence, energy production, signalling modules, and genetic modification. This keto-acid also possesses immense commercial value as it is utilized as a nutritional supplement, a therapeutic agent, and a precursor to a variety of value-added products such as ethylene and heterocyclic compounds. Hence, the generation of KG in a sustainable and environmentally-neutral manner is a major ongoing research endeavour. In this mini-review, the enzymatic systems and the metabolic networks mediating the synthesis of AKG will be described. The importance of such enzymes as isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) and transaminases that directly contribute to the formation of KG will be emphasized. The efficacy of microbial systems in providing an effective platform to generate this moiety and the molecular strategies involving genetic manipulation, abiotic stress and nutrient supplementation that result in the optimal production of AKG will be evaluated. Microbial systems and their components acting via the metabolic networks and the resident enzymes are well poised to provide effective biotechnological tools that can supply renewable AKG globally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Legendre
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - A MacLean
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - V P Appanna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - V D Appanna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kepka A, Ochocinska A, Borzym-Kluczyk M, Skorupa E, Stasiewicz-Jarocka B, Chojnowska S, Waszkiewicz N. Preventive Role of L-Carnitine and Balanced Diet in Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1987. [PMID: 32635400 PMCID: PMC7400709 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevention or alleviation of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), is a challenge for contemporary health services. The aim of this study was to review the literature on the prevention or alleviation of AD by introducing an appropriate carnitine-rich diet, dietary carnitine supplements and the MIND (Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay) diet, which contains elements of the Mediterranean diet and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet. L-carnitine (LC) plays a crucial role in the energetic metabolism of the cell. A properly balanced diet contains a substantial amount of LC as well as essential amino acids and microelements taking part in endogenous carnitine synthesis. In healthy people, carnitine biosynthesis is sufficient to prevent the symptoms of carnitine deficiency. In persons with dysfunction of mitochondria, e.g., with AD connected with extensive degeneration of the brain structures, there are often serious disturbances in the functioning of the whole organism. The Mediterranean diet is characterized by a high consumption of fruits and vegetables, cereals, nuts, olive oil, and seeds as the major source of fats, moderate consumption of fish and poultry, low to moderate consumption of dairy products and alcohol, and low intake of red and processed meat. The introduction of foodstuffs rich in carnitine and the MIND diet or carnitine supplementation of the AD patients may improve their functioning in everyday life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Kepka
- Department of Biochemistry, Radioimmunology and Experimental Medicine, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Ochocinska
- Department of Biochemistry, Radioimmunology and Experimental Medicine, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Borzym-Kluczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Ewa Skorupa
- Department of Biochemistry, Radioimmunology and Experimental Medicine, The Children’s Memorial Health Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
| | | | - Sylwia Chojnowska
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Lomza State University of Applied Sciences, 18-400 Lomza, Poland;
| | - Napoleon Waszkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Song H, Xu T, Feng X, Lai Y, Yang Y, Zheng H, He X, Wei G, Liao W, Liao Y, Zhong L, Bin J. Itaconate prevents abdominal aortic aneurysm formation through inhibiting inflammation via activation of Nrf2. EBioMedicine 2020; 57:102832. [PMID: 32574955 PMCID: PMC7322255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying effective drugs to suppress vascular inflammation is a promising strategy to delay the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Itaconate has a vital role in regulating inflammatory activation in various inflammatory diseases. However, the role of itaconate in the progression of AAA is unknown. In this study, we explored the inhibitory effect of itaconate on AAA formation and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS Quantitative PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to determine Irg1 and downstream Nrf2 expression in human and mouse AAA samples. Liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis was performed to measure the abundance of itaconate. OI treatment and Irg1 knockdown were performed to study the role of OI in AAA formation. Nrf2 intervention in vivo was performed to detect the critical role of Nrf2 in the beneficial effect of OI on AAA. FINDINGS We found that itaconate suppressed the formation of angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced AAA in apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe-/-) mice, while Irg1 deficiency exerted the opposite effect. Mechanistically, itaconate inhibited vascular inflammation by enabling Nrf2 to function as a transcriptional repressor of downstream inflammatory genes via alkylation of Keap1. Moreover, Nrf2 deficiency significantly aggravated inflammatory factor expression and promoted AAA formation. In addition, Keap1 overexpression significantly promoted Ang II-induced AAA formation, which was inhibited by itaconate. INTERPRETATION Itaconate inhibited AAA formation by suppressing vascular inflammation, and therapeutic approaches to increase itaconate are potentially beneficial for preventing AAA formation. FUNDING National Natural Science Foundations of China and Guangzhou regenerative medicine and Health Laboratory of Guangdong.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Song
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Tong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaofei Feng
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yanxian Lai
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiang He
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Guoquan Wei
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wangjun Liao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yulin Liao
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lintao Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China; Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai hospital affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai 519000, China.
| | - Jianping Bin
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
MacLean A, Bley AM, Appanna VP, Appanna VD. Metabolic manipulation by Pseudomonas fluorescens: a powerful stratagem against oxidative and metal stress. J Med Microbiol 2020; 69:339-346. [PMID: 31961786 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism is the foundation of all living organisms and is at the core of numerous if not all biological processes. The ability of an organism to modulate its metabolism is a central characteristic needed to proliferate, to be dormant and to survive any assault. Pseudomonas fluorescens is bestowed with a uniquely versatile metabolic framework that enables the microbe to adapt to a wide range of conditions including disparate nutrients and toxins. In this mini-review we elaborate on the various metabolic reconfigurations evoked by this microbial system to combat reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and metal stress. The fine-tuning of the NADH/NADPH homeostasis coupled with the production of α-keto-acids and ATP allows for the maintenance of a reductive intracellular milieu. The metabolic networks propelling the synthesis of metabolites like oxalate and aspartate are critical to keep toxic metals at bay. The biochemical processes resulting from these defensive mechanisms provide molecular clues to thwart infectious microbes and reveal elegant pathways to generate value-added products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex MacLean
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Anondo Michel Bley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Varun P Appanna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Vasu D Appanna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ceylan H, Budak H, Kocpinar EF, Baltaci NG, Erdogan O. Examining the link between dose-dependent dietary iron intake and Alzheimer's disease through oxidative stress in the rat cortex. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 56:198-206. [PMID: 31525623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease are characterized by the progressive deterioration of the structure and function of the nervous system. A number of environmental risk factors including potentially toxic elements such as iron, lead to negative effects on many metabolic reactions as well as neuroprotection. The aim of this study is to reveal whether long-term iron overload is one of the underlying factors in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS 15 young-adult male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups treated with iron through drinking water for 4 months. Following feeding, the iron content, reduced glutathione (GSH), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels of cortex tissues were measured. Specific enzyme activities were determined spectrophotometrically. mRNA expression profiles were measured using real-time PCR (qPCR). RESULTS Iron levels were elevated in case of non-toxic (0.87 and 3 μg/mL) iron administration. However, no changes were observed in toxic (30 and 300 μg/mL) iron administration. GSH and H2O2 levels altered with long-term iron overload. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme activities significantly increased in all groups, while glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity increased only in case of 0.87 and 30 μg/mL iron administration. Expression levels of neuroprotective and AD-related genes were altered by 3 μg/mL iron overload in a dose-dependent manner. The expression and activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were elevated at 3 μg/mL iron concentration. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study allow us to conclude that long-term dietary iron intake, especially at a dose of 3 μg/mL demonstrates negative effects on the rat cortex by provoking antioxidant metabolism and AD pathology in a dose-dependently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Ceylan
- Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Harun Budak
- Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Enver Fehim Kocpinar
- Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey; Vocational School, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Muş Alparslan University, Mus, Turkey
| | - Nurdan Gonul Baltaci
- Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Orhan Erdogan
- Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sushma, Mondal AC. Role of GPCR signaling and calcium dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Cell Neurosci 2019; 101:103414. [PMID: 31655116 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.103414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a late onset neurodegenerative disorder is characterized by the loss of memory, disordered cognitive function, caused by accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the neocortex and hippocampal brain area. Extensive research has been done on the findings of the disease etiology or pathological causes of aggregation of Aβ and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein without much promising results. Recently, calcium dysregulation has been reported to play an important role in the pathophysiology of AD. Calcium ion acts as one of the major secondary messengers, regulates many signaling pathways involved in cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, transcription and apoptosis. Calcium signaling is one of the major signaling pathways involved in the formation of memory, generation of energy and other physiological functions. It also can modulate function of many proteins upon binding. Dysregulation in calcium homeostasis leads to many physiological changes leading to neurodegenerative diseases including AD. In AD, GPCRs generate secondary messengers which regulate calcium homeostasis inside the cell and is reported to be disturbed in the pathological condition. Calcium channels and receptors present on the plasma membrane and intracellular organelle maintain calcium homeostasis through different signaling mechanisms. In this review, we have summarized the different calcium channels and receptors involved in calcium dysregulation which in turn play a critical role in the pathogenesis of AD. Understanding the role of calcium channels and GPCRs to maintain calcium homeostasis is an attempt to develop effective AD treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushma
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Amal Chandra Mondal
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Peña-Bautista C, Roca M, Hervás D, Cuevas A, López-Cuevas R, Vento M, Baquero M, García-Blanco A, Cháfer-Pericás C. Plasma metabolomics in early Alzheimer's disease patients diagnosed with amyloid biomarker. J Proteomics 2019; 200:144-152. [PMID: 30978462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An untargeted metabolomics study has been carried out using plasma samples from patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment due to Alzheimer's disease patients (MCI-AD, n = 29) and healthy people (n = 29)). They have been classified following the National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) recommendations and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. The analytical method was based on liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry. The data process from the corresponding metabolic profiles retained 1158 molecular features in positive and 424 in negative ionization mode. Differences between metabolomic profiles from MCI-AD patients and healthy participants were investigated using a penalized logistic regression analysis (ElasticNet), and being able to select automatically the most informative variables (53 molecular features). From the molecular features selected for the elastic net models, 16 variables were preliminarily identified by The Human Metabolome Database (amino acids, lipids…). However, only 4 of these variables were tentatively identified by MS/MS and all ions fragmentation modes, being choline the only confirmed metabolite. Regarding their metabolic pathways, they could be involved in cholinergic system, energy metabolism, amino acids and lipids pathways. To conclude, this is a reliable approach to early AD mechanisms, and choline has been identified as a promising AD diagnosis metabolite. SIGNIFICANCE: The untargeted analysis carried out in human plasma samples from early Alzheimer's disease patients and healthy individuals, and the use of sophisticated statistical tools, identified some metabolic pathways and plasma biomarkers. Preliminarily, cholinergic system, energy metabolism, and aminoacids and lipids pathways may be involved in early Alzheimer's disease development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Roca
- Analytical Unit Platform, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - David Hervás
- Biostatistical Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Cuevas
- Neurology Unit, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Máximo Vento
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Baquero
- Neurology Unit, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana García-Blanco
- Neonatal Research Unit, Health Research Institute La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Role of purinergic receptors in the Alzheimer's disease. Purinergic Signal 2018; 14:331-344. [PMID: 30362042 PMCID: PMC6298926 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-018-9629-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Etiology of the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is not fully understood. Different pathological processes are considered, such as amyloid deposition, tau protein phosphorylation, oxidative stress (OS), metal ion disregulation, or chronic neuroinflammation. Purinergic signaling is involved in all these processes, suggesting the importance of nucleotide receptors (P2X and P2Y) and adenosine receptors (A1, A2A, A2B, A3) present on the CNS cells. Ecto-purines, ecto-pyrimidines, and enzymes participating in their metabolism are present in the inter-cellular spaces. Accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) in brain induces the ATP release into the extra-cellular space, which in turn stimulates the P2X7 receptors. Activation of P2X7 results in the increased synthesis and release of many pro-inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and chemokines. Furthermore, activation of P2X7 leads to the decreased activity of α-secretase, while activation of P2Y2 receptor has an opposite effect. Simultaneous inhibition of P2X7 and stimulation of P2Y2 would therefore be the efficient way of the α-secretase activation. Activation of P2Y2 receptors present in neurons, glia cells, and endothelial cells may have a positive neuroprotective effect in AD. The OS may also be counteracted via the purinergic signaling. ADP and its non-hydrolysable analogs activate P2Y13 receptors, leading to the increased activity of heme oxygenase, which has a cytoprotective activity. Adenosine, via A1 and A2A receptors, affects the dopaminergic and glutaminergic signaling, the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF), and also changes the synaptic plasticity (e.g., causing a prolonged excitation or inhibition) in brain regions responsible for learning and memory. Such activity may be advantageous in the Alzheimer’s disease.
Collapse
|
24
|
Sun C, Miao X, Zhang L, Li W, Chang Z. Design and synthesis of a 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde -based fluorescent chemosensor for selective detection of aluminium ion. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
25
|
Kawano H, Oyabu K, Yamamoto H, Eto K, Adaniya Y, Kubota K, Watanabe T, Hirano-Iwata A, Nabekura J, Katsurabayashi S, Iwasaki K. Astrocytes with previous chronic exposure to amyloid β-peptide fragment 1-40 suppress excitatory synaptic transmission. J Neurochem 2017; 143:624-634. [PMID: 29076533 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic dysfunction and neuronal death are responsible for cognitive and behavioral deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is well known that such neurological abnormalities are preceded by long-term exposure of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) and/or hyperphosphorylated tau prior. In addition to the neurological deficit, astrocytes as a major glial cell type in the brain, significantly participate in the neuropathogenic mechanisms underlying synaptic modulation. Although astrocytes play a significant key role in modulating synaptic transmission, little is known on whether astrocyte dysfunction caused by such long-term Aβ exposure affects synapse formation and function. Here, we show that synapse formation and synaptic transmission are attenuated in hippocampal-naïve neurons co-cultured with astrocytes that have previously experienced chronic Aβ1-40 exposure. In this abnormal astrocytic condition, hippocampal neurons exhibit decrements of evoked excitatory post-synaptic currents (EPSCs) and miniature EPSC frequency. Furthermore, size of readily releasable synaptic pools and number of excitatory synapses were also significantly decreased. Contrary to these negative effects, release probability at individual synapses was significantly increased in the same astrocytic condition. Taken together, our data indicate that lower synaptic transmission caused by astrocytes previously, and chronically, exposed to Aβ1-40 is attributable to a small number of synapses with higher release probability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kawano
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kohei Oyabu
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yamamoto
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kei Eto
- Division of Homeostatic Development, Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Yuna Adaniya
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kaori Kubota
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,A.I.G. Collaborative Research Institute for Aging and Brain Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takuya Watanabe
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,A.I.G. Collaborative Research Institute for Aging and Brain Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ayumi Hirano-Iwata
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan.,Research Institute of Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junichi Nabekura
- Department of Physiological Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Japan.,Division of Homeostatic Development, Department of Developmental Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Shutaro Katsurabayashi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Katsunori Iwasaki
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,A.I.G. Collaborative Research Institute for Aging and Brain Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
Wang Q, Yang L, Wang H, Song J, Ding H, Tang XH, Yao H. A highly selective and sensitive turn-on fluorescent probe for the detection of Al 3+ and its bioimaging. LUMINESCENCE 2016; 32:779-785. [PMID: 27958671 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel fluorescent sensor, 1-((2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)methylene)urea (ocn) has been designed and applied as a highly selective and sensitive fluorescent probe for recognition of Al3+ in Tris-HCl (pH = 7.20) solution. The probe ocn exhibits an excellent selectivity to Al3+ over other examined metal ions, anions and amino acids with a prominent fluorescence 'turn-on' at 438 nm. ocn binds to Al3+ with a 2:1 binding stoichiometry and the detection limit was 0.3 μM. Furthermore, its capability of biological application was evaluated and the results showed that the sensor could be used to detect Al3+ in living cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingming Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Yancheng Teachers' University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Yancheng Teachers' University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Yancheng Teachers' University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialiang Song
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Yancheng Teachers' University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Yancheng Teachers' University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Hui Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Yancheng Teachers' University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmiao Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Yancheng Teachers' University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hart NJ, Koronyo Y, Black KL, Koronyo-Hamaoui M. Ocular indicators of Alzheimer's: exploring disease in the retina. Acta Neuropathol 2016; 132:767-787. [PMID: 27645291 PMCID: PMC5106496 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1613-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although historically perceived as a disorder confined to the brain, our understanding of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has expanded to include extra-cerebral manifestation, with mounting evidence of abnormalities in the eye. Among ocular tissues, the retina, a developmental outgrowth of the brain, is marked by an array of pathologies in patients suffering from AD, including nerve fiber layer thinning, degeneration of retinal ganglion cells, and changes to vascular parameters. While the hallmark pathological signs of AD, amyloid β-protein (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) comprising hyperphosphorylated tau (pTau) protein, have long been described in the brain, identification of these characteristic biomarkers in the retina has only recently been reported. In particular, Aβ deposits were discovered in post-mortem retinas of advanced and early stage cases of AD, in stark contrast to non-AD controls. Subsequent studies have reported elevated Aβ42/40 peptides, morphologically diverse Aβ plaques, and pTau in the retina. In line with the above findings, animal model studies have reported retinal Aβ deposits and tauopathy, often correlated with local inflammation, retinal ganglion cell degeneration, and functional deficits. This review highlights the converging evidence that AD manifests in the eye, especially in the retina, which can be imaged directly and non-invasively. Visual dysfunction in AD patients, traditionally attributed to well-documented cerebral pathology, can now be reexamined as a direct outcome of retinal abnormalities. As we continue to study the disease in the brain, the emerging field of ocular AD warrants further investigation of how the retina may faithfully reflect the neurological disease. Indeed, detection of retinal AD pathology, particularly the early presenting amyloid biomarkers, using advanced high-resolution imaging techniques may allow large-scale screening and monitoring of at-risk populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadav J Hart
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Los Angeles, 90048, CA, USA
| | - Yosef Koronyo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Los Angeles, 90048, CA, USA
| | - Keith L Black
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Los Angeles, 90048, CA, USA
| | - Maya Koronyo-Hamaoui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Los Angeles, 90048, CA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 110 George Burns Rd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Acaz-Fonseca E, Avila-Rodriguez M, Garcia-Segura LM, Barreto GE. Regulation of astroglia by gonadal steroid hormones under physiological and pathological conditions. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 144:5-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
30
|
Protective effect of transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) modulator, against behavioral, biochemical and structural damage in experimental models of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 2016; 1642:397-408. [PMID: 27084583 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Alzheime's disease (AD) is an overwhelming neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by synaptic dysfunction, memory loss, neuro-inflammation and neural cell death. Very few treatments are in hand for the management of AD and they are only concentrating on peculiar aspects. Hence, an immense thrust is required to find utmost therapeutic targets to conquer this condition. This study investigates a potential role of vanillin, a selective agonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 (TRPV1) in the experimental models of AD viz. intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) streptozotocin (STZ) and aluminum trichloride (AlCl3)+d-galactose induced AD in mice. The i.c.v. administration of STZ and intraperitoneally administration of AlCl3+d-galactose have significantly impaired learning-memory (Morris water maze and attentional set-shifting test), brain structure (hematoxylin, eosin and Congo red staining), enhanced brain oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance - TBARS and glutathione - GSH), nitrosative stress (nitrite/nitrate), acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE), inflammation (MPO), and calcium levels (Ca(++)). Treatment with vanillin in different doses and donepezil have significantly ameliorated i.c.v. STZ and AlCl3+d-galactose induced reduction in executive function, impaired reversal learning, cognition, memory and brain damage. Treatment with these drugs has also reduced the brain oxidative stress (TBARS and GSH), nitrosative stress (nitrite/nitrate), and AChE, MPO, and Ca(++) levels. These results indicate that vanillin, a selective agonist of TRPV1 and donepezil, a potent acetylcholine esterase inhibitor have attenuated i.c.v. STZ and AlCl3+d-galactose induced experimental AD. Hence, pharmacological positive modulation of TRPV1 channels may be a potential research target for mitigation of AD.
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
Thomas SC, Alhasawi A, Auger C, Omri A, Appanna VD. The role of formate in combatting oxidative stress. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2015; 109:263-71. [PMID: 26626058 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-015-0629-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of keto-acids with reactive oxygen species (ROS) is known to produce the corresponding carboxylic acid with the concomitant formation of CO2. Formate is liberated when the keto-acid glyoxylate neutralizes ROS. Here we report on how formate is involved in combating oxidative stress in the nutritionally-versatile Pseudomonas fluorescens. When the microbe was subjected to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the levels of formate were 8 and two-fold higher in the spent fluid and the soluble cell-free extracts obtained in the stressed cultures compared to the controls respectively. Formate was subsequently utilized as a reducing force to generate NADPH and succinate. The former is mediated by formate dehydrogenase (FDH-NADP), whose activity was enhanced in the stressed cells. Fumarate reductase that catalyzes the conversion of fumarate into succinate was also markedly increased in the stressed cells. These enzymes were modulated by H2O2. While the stressed whole cells produced copious amounts of formate in the presence of glycine, the cell-free extracts synthesized ATP and succinate from formate. Although the exact role of formate in anti-oxidative defence has to await further investigation, the data in this report suggest that this carboxylic acid may be a potent reductive force against oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean C Thomas
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Architecture, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Azhar Alhasawi
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Architecture, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Christopher Auger
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Architecture, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Abdelwahab Omri
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Architecture, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Vasu D Appanna
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Architecture, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Auger C, Alhasawi A, Contavadoo M, Appanna VD. Dysfunctional mitochondrial bioenergetics and the pathogenesis of hepatic disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:40. [PMID: 26161384 PMCID: PMC4479819 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is involved in a variety of critical biological functions including the homeostasis of glucose, fatty acids, amino acids, and the synthesis of proteins that are secreted in the blood. It is also at the forefront in the detoxification of noxious metabolites that would otherwise upset the functioning of the body. As such, this vital component of the mammalian system is exposed to a notable quantity of toxicants on a regular basis. It therefore comes as no surprise that there are over a hundred disparate hepatic disorders, encompassing such afflictions as fatty liver disease, hepatitis, and liver cancer. Most if not all of liver functions are dependent on energy, an ingredient that is primarily generated by the mitochondrion, the power house of all cells. This organelle is indispensable in providing adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a key effector of most biological processes. Dysfunctional mitochondria lead to a shortage in ATP, the leakage of deleterious reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the excessive storage of fats. Here we examine how incapacitated mitochondrial bioenergetics triggers the pathogenesis of various hepatic diseases. Exposure of liver cells to detrimental environmental hazards such as oxidative stress, metal toxicity, and various xenobiotics results in the inactivation of crucial mitochondrial enzymes and decreased ATP levels. The contribution of the latter to hepatic disorders and potential therapeutic cues to remedy these conditions are elaborated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Auger
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Laurentian University Greater Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Azhar Alhasawi
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Laurentian University Greater Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Manuraj Contavadoo
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Laurentian University Greater Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Vasu D Appanna
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Laurentian University Greater Sudbury, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|