1
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Zeng X, Cai Y, Wu M, Chen H, Sun M, Yang H. An overview of current advances in perinatal alcohol exposure and pathogenesis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. J Neurodev Disord 2024; 16:20. [PMID: 38643092 PMCID: PMC11031898 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-024-09537-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The adverse use of alcohol is a serious global public health problem. Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy usually causes prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) in the developing fetus, leading to a spectrum of disorders known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) and even fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) throughout the lifelong sufferers. The prevalence of FASD is approximately 7.7 per 1,000 worldwide, and is even higher in developed regions. Generally, Ethanol in alcoholic beverages can impair embryonic neurological development through multiple pathways leading to FASD. Among them, the leading mechanism of FASDs is attributed to ethanol-induced neuroinflammatory damage to the central nervous system (CNS). Although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear, the remaining multiple pathological mechanisms is likely due to the neurotoxic damage of ethanol and the resultant neuronal loss. Regardless of the molecular pathway, the ultimate outcome of the developing CNS exposed to ethanol is almost always the destruction and apoptosis of neurons, which leads to the reduction of neurons and further the development of FASD. In this review, we systematically summarize the current research progress on the pathogenesis of FASD, which hopefully provides new insights into differential early diagnosis, treatment and prevention for patents with FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingdong Zeng
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215031, China
| | - Yongle Cai
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215031, China
| | - Mengyan Wu
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215031, China
| | - Haonan Chen
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215031, China
| | - Miao Sun
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215031, China.
| | - Hao Yang
- Institute for Fetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215031, China.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
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2
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Miguel-Hidalgo JJ. Astroglia in the Vulnerability and Maintenance of Alcohol Use Disorders. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 26:255-279. [PMID: 34888838 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77375-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Changes induced in the morphology and the multiplicity of functional roles played by astrocytes in brain regions critical to the establishment and maintenance of alcohol abuse suggest that they make an important contribution to the vulnerability to alcohol use disorders. The understanding of the relevant mechanisms accounting for that contribution is complicated by the fact that alcohol itself acts directly on astrocytes altering their metabolism, gene expression, and plasticity, so that the ultimate result is a complex interaction of various cellular pathways, including intracellular calcium regulation, neuroimmune responses, and regulation of neurotransmitter and gliotransmitter release and uptake. The recent years have seen a steady increase in the characterization of several of the relevant mechanisms, but much remains to be done for a full understanding of the astrocytes' contribution to the vulnerability to alcohol dependence and abuse and for using that knowledge in designing effective therapies for AUDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Javier Miguel-Hidalgo
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
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3
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Pervin Z, Stephen JM. Effect of alcohol on the central nervous system to develop neurological disorder: pathophysiological and lifestyle modulation can be potential therapeutic options for alcohol-induced neurotoxication. AIMS Neurosci 2021; 8:390-413. [PMID: 34183988 PMCID: PMC8222771 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2021021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is the major target for adverse effects of alcohol and extensively promotes the development of a significant number of neurological diseases such as stroke, brain tumor, multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Excessive alcohol consumption causes severe neuro-immunological changes in the internal organs including irreversible brain injury and it also reacts with the defense mechanism of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) which in turn leads to changes in the configuration of the tight junction of endothelial cells and white matter thickness of the brain. Neuronal injury associated with malnutrition and oxidative stress-related BBB dysfunction may cause neuronal degeneration and demyelination in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD); however, the underlying mechanism still remains unknown. To address this question, studies need to be performed on the contributing mechanisms of alcohol on pathological relationships of neurodegeneration that cause permanent neuronal damage. Moreover, alcohol-induced molecular changes of white matter with conduction disturbance in neurotransmission are a likely cause of myelin defect or axonal loss which correlates with cognitive dysfunctions in AUD. To extend our current knowledge in developing a neuroprotective environment, we need to explore the pathophysiology of ethanol (EtOH) metabolism and its effect on the CNS. Recent epidemiological studies and experimental animal research have revealed the association between excessive alcohol consumption and neurodegeneration. This review supports an interdisciplinary treatment protocol to protect the nervous system and to improve the cognitive outcomes of patients who suffer from alcohol-related neurodegeneration as well as clarify the pathological involvement of alcohol in causing other major neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinia Pervin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Julia M Stephen
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
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4
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Crews FT, Zou J, Coleman LG. Extracellular microvesicles promote microglia-mediated pro-inflammatory responses to ethanol. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:1940-1956. [PMID: 33611821 PMCID: PMC8451840 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) pathology features pro-inflammatory gene induction and microglial activation. The underlying cellular processes that promote this activation remain unclear. Previously considered cellular debris, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as mediators of inflammatory signaling in several disease states. We investigated the role of microvesicles (MVs, 50 nm-100 µm diameter EVs) in pro-inflammatory and microglial functional gene expression using primary organotypic brain slice culture (OBSC). Ethanol caused a unique immune gene signature that featured: temporal induction of pro-inflammatory TNF-α and IL-1β, reduction of homeostatic microglia state gene Tmem119, progressive increases in purinergic receptor P2RY12 and the microglial inhibitory fractalkine receptor CX3CR1, an increase in the microglial presynaptic gene C1q, and a reduction in the phagocytic gene TREM2. MV signaling was implicated in this response as reduction of MV secretion by imipramine blocked pro-inflammatory TNF-α and IL-1β induction by ethanol, and ethanol-conditioned MVs (EtOH-MVs) reproduced the ethanol-associated immune gene signature in naïve OBSC slices. Depletion of microglia prior to ethanol treatment prevented pro-inflammatory activity of EtOH-MVs, as did incubation of EtOH-MVs with the HMGB1 inhibitor glycyrrhizin. Ethanol caused HMGB1 secretion from cultured BV2 microglia in MVs through activation of PI3 kinase. In summary, these studies find MVs modulate pro-inflammatory gene induction and microglial activation changes associated with ethanol. Thus, MVs may represent a novel therapeutic target to reduce neuroinflammation in the setting of alcohol abuse or other diseases that feature a neuroimmune component. [Correction added on 5 April 2021, after first online publication: The copyright line was changed.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulton T Crews
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, The University of North Carolina, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jian Zou
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Leon G Coleman
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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5
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Motaghinejad M, Mashayekh R, Motevalian M, Safari S. The possible role of CREB-BDNF signaling pathway in neuroprotective effects of minocycline against alcohol-induced neurodegeneration: molecular and behavioral evidences. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2021; 35:113-130. [PMID: 32579730 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abuse of alcohol triggers neurodegeneration in human brain. Minocycline has characteristics conferring neuroprotection. Current study evaluates the role of the CREB-BDNF signaling pathway in mediating minocycline's neuroprotective effects against alcohol-induced neurodegeneration. Seventy adult male rats were randomly split into groups 1 and 2 that received saline and alcohol (2 g/kg/day by gavage, once daily), respectively, and groups 3, 4, 5, and 6 were treated simultaneously with alcohol and minocycline (10, 20, 30 and 40 mg/kg I.P, respectively) for 21 days. Group 7 received minocycline alone (40 mg/kg, i.p) for 21 days. Morris water maze (MWM) has been used to assess cognitive activity. Hippocampal neurodegenerative and histological parameters as well as cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were assessed. Alcohol impaired cognition, and concurrent therapy with various minocycline doses attenuated alcohol-induced cognition disturbances. Additionally, alcohol administration boosted lipid peroxidation and levels of glutathione in oxidized form (GSSG), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and Bax protein, while decreased reducing type of glutathione (GSH), Bcl-2 protein, phosphorylated CREB, and BDNF levels in rat hippocampus. Alcohol also decreased the activity in the hippocampus of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR). In comparison, minocycline attenuated alcohol-induced neurodegeneration; elevating expression levels of P-CREB and BDNF and inhibited alcohol induced histopathological changes in both dentate gyrus (DG) and CA1 of hippocampus. Thus, minocycline is likely to provide neuroprotection against alcohol-induced neurodegeneration through mediation of the P-CREB/BDNF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Motaghinejad
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Mashayekh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University (IUAPS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Manijeh Motevalian
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Safari
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Mira RG, Lira M, Quintanilla RA, Cerpa W. Alcohol consumption during adolescence alters the hippocampal response to traumatic brain injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 528:514-519. [PMID: 32505350 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Binge drinking is the consumption of large volumes of alcohol in short periods and exerts its effects on the central nervous system, including the hippocampus. We have previously shown that binge drinking alters mitochondrial dynamics and induces neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of adolescent rats. Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), is regularly linked to alcohol consumption and share mechanisms of brain damage. In this context, we hypothesized that adolescent binge drinking could prime the development of brain damage generated by mTBI. We found that alcohol binge drinking induced by the "drinking in the dark" (DID) paradigm increases oxidative damage and astrocyte activation in the hippocampus of adolescent mice. Interestingly, adolescent animals submitted to DID showed decreased levels of mitofusin 2 that controls mitochondrial dynamics. When mTBI was evaluated as a second challenge, hippocampi from animals previously submitted to DID showed a reduction in dendritic spine number and a different spine profile. Mitochondrial performance could be compromised by alterations in mitochondrial fission in DID-mTBI animals. These data suggest that adolescent alcohol consumption can modify the progression of mTBI pathophysiology. We propose that mitochondrial impairment and oxidative damage could act as priming factors, modifying predisposition against mTBI effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo G Mira
- Laboratorio de función y patología neuronal, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Investigación y Estudio del Consumo de Alcohol en Adolescentes (CIAA), Santiago, Chile
| | - Matías Lira
- Laboratorio de función y patología neuronal, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A Quintanilla
- Centro de Investigación y Estudio del Consumo de Alcohol en Adolescentes (CIAA), Santiago, Chile; Laboratorio de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Waldo Cerpa
- Laboratorio de función y patología neuronal, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Investigación y Estudio del Consumo de Alcohol en Adolescentes (CIAA), Santiago, Chile; Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.
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7
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Mohammed HS, Aboul Ezz HS, Zedan A, Ali MA. Electrophysiological and Neurochemical Assessment of Selenium Alone or Combined with Carbamazepine in an Animal Model of Epilepsy. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 195:579-590. [PMID: 31444771 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01872-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of selenium (Se) alone or combined with carbamazepine (CBZ) against the adverse effects induced by the chemoconvulsant pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in the cortex of adult male rats. Electrocorticogram (ECoG) and oxidative stress markers were implemented to evaluate the differences between treated and untreated animals. Animals were divided into five groups: control group that received i.p. saline injection, PTZ-treated group that received a single i.p. injection of PTZ (60 mg/kg) for induction of seizures followed by a daily i.p. injection of saline, Se-treated group that received an i.p. injection of sodium selenite (0.3 mg/kg/day) after PTZ administration, CBZ-treated group that received orally CBZ (80 mg/kg/day) after PTZ administration, and combination (Se plus CBZ)-treated group that received an oral administration of CBZ (80 mg/kg/day) followed by an i.p. injection of sodium selenite (0.3 mg/kg/day) after PTZ administration. Quantitative analyses of the ECoG indices and the neurochemical parameters revealed that Se and CBZ have mitigated the adverse effects induced by PTZ. The main results were decrease in the number of epileptic spikes, restoring the normal distribution of slow and fast ECoG frequencies and attenuation of most of the oxidative stress markers. However, there was an increase in lipid perioxidation marker in combined treatment of CBZ and Se. The electrophysiological and neurochemical data proved the potential of these techniques in evaluating the treatment's efficiency and suggest that supplementation of Se with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) may be beneficial in ameliorating most of the alterations induced in the brain as a result of seizure insults and could be recommended as an adjunct therapy with AEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham S Mohammed
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Heba S Aboul Ezz
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Zedan
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maha A Ali
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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8
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Santerre-Anderson JL, Werner DF. Ethanol Stimulation of Microglia Release Increases ERK1/2-Dependent Neuronal cPLA 2 Activity in Immature Cultured Cortical Preparations. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:1592-1601. [PMID: 32274627 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03024-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol consumption typically begins during adolescence and is associated with age-dependent responses and maladaptive neuronal consequences. Our previous work established the role of a putative signaling cascade involving cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), arachidonic acid (AA) and novel protein kinase C isoforms in adolescent hypnotic sensitivity. The current study aimed to further delineate this pathway by ascertaining the cellular specificity as well as the upstream activators of cPLA2 using an immature cultured cortical preparation. A threefold increase in cPLA2 was detected within 2 min of 100 mM ethanol exposure as measured by phosphorylation of serine 505 (Ser505). Increases in cPLA2 activity were further observed to be primarily confined to neuronal cells. Increases in the number of neurons co-expressing cPLA2 Ser505 phosphorylation were prevented by preincubation with an ERK1/2 inhibitor, but not P38 MAPK inhibition. Finally, conditioned media studies were used to determine whether glial cells were involved in the ethanol-induced neuronal cPLA2 activity. Rapid increases in neuronal cPLA2 activity appears to be initiated through ethanol stimulated microglial, but not astrocytic releasable factors. Taken together, these data extend the proposed signaling cascade involved in developmental ethanol responding.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Santerre-Anderson
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA. .,Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA. .,Department of Psychology, King's College, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA. .,Program in Neuroscience, King's College, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA.
| | - D F Werner
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA.,Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
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Mira RG, Tapia-Rojas C, Pérez MJ, Jara C, Vergara EH, Quintanilla RA, Cerpa W. Alcohol impairs hippocampal function: From NMDA receptor synaptic transmission to mitochondrial function. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 205:107628. [PMID: 31683244 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have reported that alcohol produces harmful effects on several brain structures, including the hippocampus, in both rodents and humans. The hippocampus is one of the most studied areas of the brain due to its function in learning and memory, and a lot of evidence suggests that hippocampal failure is responsible for the cognitive loss present in individuals with recurrent alcohol consumption. Mitochondria are organelles that generate the energy needed for the brain to maintain neuronal communication, and their functional failure is considered a mediator of the synaptic dysfunction induced by alcohol. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of how alcohol exposure affects neuronal communication through the impairment of glutamate receptor (NMDAR) activity, neuroinflammatory events and oxidative damage observed after alcohol exposure, all processes under the umbrella of mitochondrial function. Finally, we discuss the direct role of mitochondrial dysfunction mediating cognitive and memory decline produced by alcohol exposure and their consequences associated with neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo G Mira
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Investigación y Estudio del Consumo de Alcohol en Adolescentes (CIAA), Santiago, Chile
| | - Cheril Tapia-Rojas
- Centro de Investigación y Estudio del Consumo de Alcohol en Adolescentes (CIAA), Santiago, Chile; Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Chile
| | - María Jose Pérez
- Centro de Investigación y Estudio del Consumo de Alcohol en Adolescentes (CIAA), Santiago, Chile; Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Chile
| | - Claudia Jara
- Centro de Investigación y Estudio del Consumo de Alcohol en Adolescentes (CIAA), Santiago, Chile; Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Chile
| | - Erick H Vergara
- Centro de Investigación y Estudio del Consumo de Alcohol en Adolescentes (CIAA), Santiago, Chile; Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A Quintanilla
- Centro de Investigación y Estudio del Consumo de Alcohol en Adolescentes (CIAA), Santiago, Chile; Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Chile.
| | - Waldo Cerpa
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Investigación y Estudio del Consumo de Alcohol en Adolescentes (CIAA), Santiago, Chile; Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.
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10
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Reglodi D, Toth D, Vicena V, Manavalan S, Brown D, Getachew B, Tizabi Y. Therapeutic potential of PACAP in alcohol toxicity. Neurochem Int 2019; 124:238-244. [PMID: 30682380 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol addiction is a worldwide concern as its detrimental effects go far beyond the addicted individual and can affect the entire family as well as the community. Considerable effort is being expended in understanding the neurobiological basis of such addiction in hope of developing effective prevention and/or intervention strategies. In addition, organ damage and neurotoxicological effects of alcohol are intensely investigated. Pharmacological approaches, so far, have only provided partial success in prevention or treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD) including the neurotoxicological consequences of heavy drinking. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is an endogenous 38 amino-acid neuropeptide with demonstrated protection against neuronal injury, trauma as well as various endogenous and exogenous toxic agents including alcohol. In this mini-review, following a brief presentation of alcohol addiction and its neurotoxicity, the potential of PACAP as a therapeutic intervention in toxicological consequences of this devastating disorder is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Reglodi
- Department of Anatomy, MTA-PTE PACAP Research Team, University of Pecs Medical School, Hungary.
| | - Denes Toth
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Pecs Medical School, Hungary
| | - Viktoria Vicena
- Department of Anatomy, MTA-PTE PACAP Research Team, University of Pecs Medical School, Hungary
| | - Sridharan Manavalan
- Department of Anatomy, MTA-PTE PACAP Research Team, University of Pecs Medical School, Hungary; Department of Basic Sciences, National University of Health Sciences, Florida, USA
| | - Dwayne Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bruk Getachew
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
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11
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Getachew B, Hudson T, Heinbockel T, Csoka AB, Tizabi Y. Protective Effects of Donepezil Against Alcohol-Induced Toxicity in Cell Culture: Role of Caspase-3. Neurotox Res 2018; 34:757-762. [PMID: 29804239 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9913-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ethanol (EtOH) is one of the most frequently abused drugs with heavy health, economic, and societal burdens. Although moderate to low EtOH may have some neuroprotective effects, heavy EtOH consumption associated with high blood alcohol level (BAL) can be quite detrimental. The brain is particularly vulnerable to the damaging effects of high BAL, leading to neuronal loss, cognitive, and behavioral deficits. Although the exact causes of these detriments are not fully elucidated, it is believed that damage to the cholinergic system is at least partially responsible for the cognitive impairment. Thus, high BAL may result in selective apoptotic damage to the cholinergic neurons. Donepezil (DON), a centrally acting, reversible and non-competitive acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, approved for use in Alzheimer's disease (AD), may also attenuate EtOH-induced cognitive impairment. Cognitive effects of DON might be due to an anti-apoptotic activity as some AChE inhibitors have been shown to have this property. The aim of this study was to determine whether DON might protect against EtOH-induced toxicity and whether such protection might be apoptotically mediated. We exposed the human neuroblastoma-derived, SH-SY5Y cells to a relatively high concentration of EtOH (500 mM) for 24 h and evaluated the effects of two concentrations of DON (0.1 and 1.0 μM) on alcohol-induced toxicity and caspase-3, an apoptotic marker. We found a dose-dependent protection of DON against EtOH-induced toxicity as well as dose-dependent attenuation of EtOH-induced increases in caspase-3 levels. Thus, DON may inhibit apoptosis as well as alcohol-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruk Getachew
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College Medicine, 520 W Street NW, Washington, DC, 20059, USA
| | - Tamaro Hudson
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College Medicine, 520 W Street NW, Washington, DC, 20059, USA
| | - Thomas Heinbockel
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University College Medicine, Washington, DC, 20059, USA
| | - Antonei B Csoka
- Department of Anatomy, Howard University College Medicine, Washington, DC, 20059, USA
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College Medicine, 520 W Street NW, Washington, DC, 20059, USA.
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12
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Miguel-Hidalgo JJ. Molecular Neuropathology of Astrocytes and Oligodendrocytes in Alcohol Use Disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:78. [PMID: 29615864 PMCID: PMC5869926 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmortem studies reveal structural and molecular alterations of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in both the gray and white matter (GM and WM) of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in human subjects with chronic alcohol abuse or dependence. These glial cellular changes appear to parallel and may largely explain structural and functional alterations detected using neuroimaging techniques in subjects with alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Moreover, due to the crucial roles of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in neurotransmission and signal conduction, these cells are very likely major players in the molecular mechanisms underpinning alcoholism-related connectivity disturbances between the PFC and relevant interconnecting brain regions. The glia-mediated etiology of alcohol-related brain damage is likely multifactorial since metabolic, hormonal, hepatic and hemodynamic factors as well as direct actions of ethanol or its metabolites have the potential to disrupt distinct aspects of glial neurobiology. Studies in animal models of alcoholism and postmortem human brains have identified astrocyte markers altered in response to significant exposures to ethanol or during alcohol withdrawal, such as gap-junction proteins, glutamate transporters or enzymes related to glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolism. Changes in these proteins and their regulatory pathways would not only cause GM neuronal dysfunction, but also disturbances in the ability of WM axons to convey impulses. In addition, alcoholism alters the expression of astrocyte and myelin proteins and of oligodendrocyte transcription factors important for the maintenance and plasticity of myelin sheaths in WM and GM. These changes are concomitant with epigenetic DNA and histone modifications as well as alterations in regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) that likely cause profound disturbances of gene expression and protein translation. Knowledge is also available about interactions between astrocytes and oligodendrocytes not only at the Nodes of Ranvier (NR), but also in gap junction-based astrocyte-oligodendrocyte contacts and other forms of cell-to-cell communication now understood to be critical for the maintenance and formation of myelin. Close interactions between astrocytes and oligodendrocytes also suggest that therapies for alcoholism based on a specific glial cell type pathology will require a better understanding of molecular interactions between different cell types, as well as considering the possibility of using combined molecular approaches for more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- José J Miguel-Hidalgo
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
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Tajuddin N, Kim HY, Collins MA. PARP Inhibition Prevents Ethanol-Induced Neuroinflammatory Signaling and Neurodegeneration in Rat Adult-Age Brain Slice Cultures. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 365:117-126. [PMID: 29339456 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.245290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Using rat adult-age hippocampal-entorhinal cortical (HEC) slice cultures, we examined the role of poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase (PARP) in binge ethanol's brain inflammatory and neurodegenerative mechanisms. Activated by DNA strand breaks, PARP (principally PARP1 in the brain) promotes DNA repair via poly [ADP-ribose] (PAR) products, but PARP overactivation triggers regulated neuronal necrosis (e.g., parthanatos). Previously, we found that brain PARP1 levels were upregulated by neurotoxic ethanol binges in adult rats and HEC slices, and PARP inhibitor PJ34 abrogated slice neurodegeneration. Binged HEC slices also exhibited increased Ca+2-dependent phospholipase A2 (PLA2) isoenzymes (cPLA2 IVA and sPLA2 IIA) that mobilize proinflammatory ω6 arachidonic acid (ARA). We now find in 4-day-binged HEC slice cultures (100 mM ethanol) that PARP1 elevations after two overnight binges precede PAR, cPLA2, and sPLA2 enhancements by 1 day and high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), an ethanol-responsive alarmin that augments proinflammatory cytokines via toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4), by 2 days. After verifying that PJ34 effectively blocks PARP activity (↑PAR), we demonstrated that, like PJ34, three other PARP inhibitors-olaparib, veliparib, and 4-aminobenzamide-provided neuroprotection from ethanol. Importantly, PJ34 and olaparib also prevented ethanol's amplification of the PLA2 isoenzymes, and two PLA2 inhibitors were neuroprotective-thus coupling PARP to PLA2, with PLA2 activity promoting neurodegeneration. Also, PJ34 and olaparib blocked ethanol-induced HMGB1 elevations, linking brain PARP induction to TLR4 activation. The results provide evidence in adult brains that induction of PARP1 may mediate dual neuroinflammatory pathways (PLA2→phospholipid→ARA and HMGB1→TLR4→proinflammatory cytokines) that are complicit in binge ethanol-induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuzhath Tajuddin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois (N.T.; M.A.C.) and Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, National Institute of Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (H.-Y.K.)
| | - Hee-Yong Kim
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois (N.T.; M.A.C.) and Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, National Institute of Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (H.-Y.K.)
| | - Michael A Collins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois (N.T.; M.A.C.) and Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, National Institute of Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (H.-Y.K.)
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14
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Shaaban KA, Saunders MA, Zhang Y, Tran T, Elshahawi SI, Ponomareva LV, Wang X, Zhang J, Copley GC, Sunkara M, Kharel MK, Morris AJ, Hower JC, Tremblay MS, Prendergast MA, Thorson JS. Spoxazomicin D and Oxachelin C, Potent Neuroprotective Carboxamides from the Appalachian Coal Fire-Associated Isolate Streptomyces sp. RM-14-6. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:2-11. [PMID: 28029795 PMCID: PMC5337259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The isolation and structure elucidation of six new bacterial metabolites [spoxazomicin D (2), oxachelins B and C (4, 5), and carboxamides 6-8] and 11 previously reported bacterial metabolites (1, 3, 9-12a, and 14-18) from Streptomyces sp. RM-14-6 is reported. Structures were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectrometry data analysis, along with direct comparison to synthetic standards for 2, 11, and 12a,b. Complete 2D NMR assignments for the known metabolites lenoremycin (9) and lenoremycin sodium salt (10) were also provided for the first time. Comparative analysis also provided the basis for structural revision of several previously reported putative aziridine-containing compounds [exemplified by madurastatins A1, B1, C1 (also known as MBJ-0034), and MBJ-0035] as phenol-dihydrooxazoles. Bioactivity analysis [including antibacterial, antifungal, cancer cell line cytotoxicity, unfolded protein response (UPR) modulation, and EtOH damage neuroprotection] revealed 2 and 5 as potent neuroprotectives and lenoremycin (9) and its sodium salt (10) as potent UPR modulators, highlighting new functions for phenol-oxazolines/salicylates and polyether pharmacophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled A. Shaaban
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Corresponding Authors: ,
| | - Meredith A. Saunders
- Department of Psychology and Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Yinan Zhang
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Tuan Tran
- California Institute for Biomedical Research (Calibr), La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Sherif I. Elshahawi
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Larissa V. Ponomareva
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Xiachang Wang
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Gregory C. Copley
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, United States
| | - Manjula Sunkara
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Madan K. Kharel
- School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland 21853, United States
| | - Andrew J. Morris
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - James C. Hower
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, United States
| | - Matthew S. Tremblay
- California Institute for Biomedical Research (Calibr), La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Mark A. Prendergast
- Department of Psychology and Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Jon S. Thorson
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Corresponding Authors: ,
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15
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Santos LEC, Rodrigues AM, Lopes MR, Costa VDC, Scorza CA, Scorza FA, Cavalheiro EA, Almeida ACG. Long-term alcohol exposure elicits hippocampal nonsynaptic epileptiform activity changes associated with expression and functional changes in NKCC1, KCC2 co-transporters and Na +/K +-ATPase. Neuroscience 2017; 340:530-541. [PMID: 27871891 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Nonsynaptic mechanism changes, particularly the enhancement of NKCC1 expression in the dentate gyrus (DG) after 4weeks of ethanol consumption, motivate the present work, in which rats were submitted to a period of chronic consumption (12weeks). Four groups of six animals (6-week-old male Wistar rats) were formed, including the control (C), ethanol 1 (E1), ethanol 2 (E2) and ethanol 3 (E3) groups. The rats in the E1, E2 and E3 groups were treated daily with a 30% v/v solution of ethanol, administered via oral gavage (1.0, 2.0 and 3.0g/kg, respectively). Nonsynaptic epileptiform activities (NEA) were induced by means of the zero-Ca2+ and high-K+ model using hippocampal slices and were recorded in the DG. The presence of NKCC1, KCC2, α1-Na+/K+-ATPase and GFAP immunoreactivity was analyzed. The results demonstrate that alcohol consumption changes NEA, and these changes are more prominent at the lower dosage. An increase in the DC shifts associated with epileptiform discharges was present with the low dose. This increase was correlated with the increment of NKCC1 expression. Confocal microscopy images indicate the NKCC1 increase was pronounced in the initial axonal segment of granule cells. The blockage of these cotransporters during NEA induction with bumetanide suppressed the DC shift increase and diminished all parameters of NEA that were quantified for all groups treated with ethanol. Therefore, the increase in NKCC1 expression and the effective activity of this cotransporter, which were observed in the treated groups, suggest that drugs that act for block NKCC1 represent promising strategies for diminishing the effects of alcohol damage on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz E C Santos
- Laboratório de Neurociência Experimental e Computacional, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, UFSJ, Brazil
| | - Antônio M Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Neurociência Experimental e Computacional, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, UFSJ, Brazil
| | - Mariana R Lopes
- Laboratório de Neurociência Experimental e Computacional, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, UFSJ, Brazil
| | - Victor D C Costa
- Laboratório de Neurociência Experimental e Computacional, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, UFSJ, Brazil
| | - Carla A Scorza
- Disciplina de Neurologia Experimental, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Unifesp, Brazil
| | - Fulvio A Scorza
- Disciplina de Neurologia Experimental, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Unifesp, Brazil
| | - Esper A Cavalheiro
- Disciplina de Neurologia Experimental, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Unifesp, Brazil
| | - Antônio-Carlos G Almeida
- Laboratório de Neurociência Experimental e Computacional, Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, UFSJ, Brazil.
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16
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Scheidt L, Fries GR, Stertz L, Cabral JCC, Kapczinski F, de Almeida RMM. Ethanol during adolescence decreased the BDNF levels in the hippocampus in adult male Wistar rats, but did not alter aggressive and anxiety-like behaviors. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2016; 37:143-51. [PMID: 26630405 DOI: 10.1590/2237-6089-2015-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of ethanol exposure in adolescent rats during adulthood by assesssing aggression and anxiety-like behaviors and measuring the levels of inflammatory markers. METHODS Groups of male Wistar rats (mean weight 81.4 g, n = 36) were housed in groups of four until postnatal day (PND) 60. From PNDs 30 to 46, rats received one of three treatments: 3 g/kg of ethanol (15% w/v, orally, n = 16), 1.5 g/kg of ethanol (12.5% w/v, PO, n = 12), or water (n = 12) every 48 hours. Animals were assessed for aggressive behavior (resident x intruder test) and anxiety-like behaviors (elevated plus maze) during adulthood. RESULTS Animals that received low doses of alcohol showed reduced levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus as compared to the control group. No significant difference was found in prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS Intermittent exposure to alcohol during adolescence is associated with lower levels of BDNF in the hippocampus, probably due the episodic administration of alcohol, but alcohol use did not alter the level agression toward a male intruder or anxiety-like behaviors during the adult phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Scheidt
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Laura Stertz
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Flávio Kapczinski
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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17
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Tian H, Ye X, Hou X, Yang X, Yang J, Wu C. SVCT2, a potential therapeutic target, protects against oxidative stress during ethanol-induced neurotoxicity via JNK/p38 MAPKs, NF-κB and miRNA125a-5p. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 96:362-73. [PMID: 27085842 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sodium vitamin C transporter 2 (SVCT2) plays a key role in transporting ascorbic acid (AA), an important intracellular antioxidant, into neurons. It is well known that ethanol (EtOH) abuse causes significant neurodegeneration, as well as endogenous AA release in certain encephalic regions. Here, we identified that SVCT2 forms part of a self-defense mechanism that protects against oxidative stress in binge drinking rats, and SVCT2 levels are correlated with antioxidants and neuronal injury. Four days of binge drinking led to massive neuron degeneration in prefrontal cortex (PFC), accompanied by increased levels of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE)-adducted proteins and SVCT2 expression, as well as dramatic changes in AA levels in rat brain. AA levels were decreased in PFC and increased in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after binge drinking, but returned to normal on the 7th day following EtOH withdrawal. These processes were further evaluated in primary cortical neurons exposed to 100mM EtOH in vitro. Neurons transfected with SVCT2 siRNA were more susceptible than controls to certain aspects of EtOH-induced injury, including cell death, dendrite damage and increased oxidative stress. EtOH-induced up-regulation of SVCT2 was associated with activation of JNK and p38 MAPKs and the NF-κB pathway. More importantly, miRNA-125a-5p was down-regulated in PFC of 4-day binge drinking rats and negatively regulated protein expression during EtOH-induced neuronal injury. MiR-125a-5p over-expression attenuated intracellular AA levels, promoted cell death and suppressed the EtOH-induced up-regulation of p38 MAPK and SVCT2, which suggested that miR-125a-5p plays an important role in SVCT2 function in EtOH-induced neuronal injury. We speculate that SVCT2, possibly regulated by JNK/p38 MAPKs, NF-κB signaling and miR-125a-5p, has a neuroprotective effect against EtOH-induced oxidative stress. Promotion of SVCT2 expression or stimulation of SVCT2 activity may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the prevention of EtOH-associated neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Chunfu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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18
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Pelição R, Santos MC, Freitas-Lima LC, Meyrelles SS, Vasquez EC, Nakamura-Palacios EM, Rodrigues LCM. URB597 inhibits oxidative stress induced by alcohol binging in the prefrontal cortex of adolescent rats. Neurosci Lett 2016; 624:17-22. [PMID: 27150075 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Heavy episodic drinking (binging), which is highly prevalent among teenagers, results in oxidative damage. Because the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is not completely mature in adolescents, this brain region may be more vulnerable to the effects of alcohol during adolescence. As endocannabinoids may protect the immature PFC from the harmful effects of high doses of alcohol, this study investigated the effect of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor URB597 on oxidative stress induced by acute or chronic binge alcohol intake in adolescent rats. At 40min after intraperitoneal pre-treatment with URB597 (0.3mg/kg) or vehicle (Veh), ethanol (EtOH; 3 or 6g/kg, intragastrically) or distilled water (DW) was administered in 3 consecutive sessions (acute binging) or 3 consecutive sessions over 4 weeks (chronic binging). Oxidative stress in PFC slices in situ was measured by dihydroethidium fluorescence staining. At the higher EtOH dose (6g/kg), pre-treatment with URB597 significantly reduced (p<0.01) the production of superoxide anions in the PFC after acute (42.8% decrease) and chronic binge EtOH consumption (44.9% decrease) compared with pre-treatment with Veh. As URB597 decreases anandamide metabolism, this evidence shows an antioxidant effect of endocannabinoids to suppress acute and chronic binge alcohol intake-induced oxidative stress in the PFC of adolescent rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Pelição
- Department of Physiological Sciences, CCS/UFES, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Matheus C Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, CCS/UFES, Vitória, ES, Brazil
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19
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Duncan JW, Zhang X, Wang N, Johnson S, Harris S, Udemgba C, Ou XM, Youdim MB, Stockmeier CA, Wang JM. Binge ethanol exposure increases the Krüppel-like factor 11-monoamine oxidase (MAO) pathway in rats: Examining the use of MAO inhibitors to prevent ethanol-induced brain injury. Neuropharmacology 2016; 105:329-340. [PMID: 26805422 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Binge drinking induces several neurotoxic consequences including oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. Because of these effects, drugs which prevent ethanol-induced damage to the brain may be clinically beneficial. In this study, we investigated the ethanol-mediated KLF11-MAO cell death cascade in the frontal cortex of Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to a modified Majchowicz 4-day binge ethanol model and control rats. Moreover, MAO inhibitors (MAOIs) were investigated for neuroprotective activity against binge ethanol. Binge ethanol-treated rats demonstrated a significant increase in KLF11, both MAO isoforms, protein oxidation and caspase-3, as well as a reduction in BDNF expression in the frontal cortex compared to control rats. MAOIs prevented these binge ethanol-induced changes, suggesting a neuroprotective benefit. Neither binge ethanol nor MAOI treatment significantly affected protein expression levels of the oxidative stress enzymes, SOD2 or catalase. Furthermore, ethanol-induced antinociception was enhanced following exposure to the 4-day ethanol binge. These results demonstrate that the KLF11-MAO pathway is activated by binge ethanol exposure and MAOIs are neuroprotective by preventing the binge ethanol-induced changes associated with this cell death cascade. This study supports KLF11-MAO as a mechanism of ethanol-induced neurotoxicity and cell death that could be targeted with MAOI drug therapy to alleviate alcohol-related brain injury. Further examination of MAOIs to reduce alcohol use disorder-related brain injury could provide pivotal insight to future pharmacotherapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy W Duncan
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Niping Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Shakevia Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Sharonda Harris
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Chinelo Udemgba
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Ou
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Moussa B Youdim
- Technion-Rappaport Family Faculty of Medicine, Eve Topf Center of Excellence, For Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, Haifa, 31096, Israel
| | - Craig A Stockmeier
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Jun Ming Wang
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
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20
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Wang X, Reynolds AR, Elshahawi SI, Shaaban KA, Ponomareva LV, Saunders MA, Elgumati IS, Zhang Y, Copley GC, Hower JC, Sunkara M, Morris AJ, Kharel MK, Van Lanen SG, Prendergast MA, Thorson JS. Terfestatins B and C, New p-Terphenyl Glycosides Produced by Streptomyces sp. RM-5-8. Org Lett 2015; 17:2796-9. [PMID: 25961722 PMCID: PMC4472964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b01203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Terfestatins B (1) and C (2), new p-terphenyls bearing a novel unsaturated hexuronic acid (4-deoxy-α-L-threo-hex-4-enopyranuronate), a unique β-D-glycosyl ester of 5-isoprenylindole-3-carboxylate (3) and the same rare sugar, and two new hygromycin precursors, were characterized as metabolites of the coal mine fire isolate Streptomyces sp. RM-5-8. EtOH damage neuroprotection assays using rat hippocampal-derived primary cell cultures with 1, 2, 3 and echoside B (a terfestatin C-3'-β-D-glucuronide from Streptomyces sp. RM-5-8) revealed 1 as potently neuroprotective, highlighting a new potential application of the terfestatin scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiachang Wang
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Anna R. Reynolds
- Department of Psychology and Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Sherif I. Elshahawi
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Khaled A. Shaaban
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Larissa V. Ponomareva
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Meredith A. Saunders
- Department of Psychology and Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Ibrahim S. Elgumati
- Department of Psychology and Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Yinan Zhang
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Gregory C. Copley
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, United States
| | - James C. Hower
- Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, United States
| | - Manjula Sunkara
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Andrew J. Morris
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Madan K. Kharel
- School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland 21853, United States
| | - Steven G. Van Lanen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Mark A. Prendergast
- Department of Psychology and Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
| | - Jon S. Thorson
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, United States
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Santerre JL, Kolitz EB, Pal R, Rogow JA, Werner DF. Cytoplasmic phospholipase A₂ modulation of adolescent rat ethanol-induced protein kinase C translocation and behavior. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:1023-31. [PMID: 25791059 PMCID: PMC4641673 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1557-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol consumption typically begins during adolescence, a developmental period which exhibits many age-dependent differences in ethanol behavioral sensitivity. Protein kinase C (PKC) activity is largely implicated in ethanol-behaviors, and our previous work indicates that regulation of novel PKC isoforms likely contributes to decreased high-dose ethanol sensitivity during adolescence. The cytoplasmic Phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) signaling cascade selectivity modulates novel and atypical PKC isoform activity, as well as adolescent ethanol hypnotic sensitivity. Therefore, the current study was designed to ascertain adolescent cPLA2 activity both basally and in response to ethanol, as well as it's involvement in ethanol-induced PKC isoform translocation patterns. cPLA2 expression was elevated during adolescence, and activity was increased only in adolescents following high-dose ethanol administration. Novel, but not atypical PKC isoforms translocate to cytosolic regions following high-dose ethanol administration. Inhibiting cPLA2 with AACOCF3 blocked ethanol-induced PKC cytosolic translocation. Finally, inhibition of novel, but not atypical, PKC isoforms when cPLA2 activity was elevated, modulated adolescent high-dose ethanol-sensitivity. These data suggest that the cPLA2/PKC pathway contributes to the acute behavioral effects of ethanol during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. L. Santerre
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
- Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - E. B. Kolitz
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - R. Pal
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - J. A. Rogow
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - D. F. Werner
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
- Center for Development and Behavioral Neuroscience, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
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Cloonan L, Fitzpatrick KM, Kanakis AS, Furie KL, Rosand J, Rost NS. Metabolic determinants of white matter hyperintensity burden in patients with ischemic stroke. Atherosclerosis 2015; 240:149-53. [PMID: 25795555 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden is linked to risk of stroke and poor post-stroke outcomes. While the biology of WMH remains ill-defined, several lines of evidence implicate endothelial dysfunction. In this study, we sought to assess the association between metabolic markers of endothelial dysfunction and WMH severity in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). METHODS In this retrospective study, consecutive subjects, ≥18 years of age, admitted to our ED with AIS, brain MRI, and blood homocysteine (Hcy) and hemoglobin A1c (HgbA1c) measurements were eligible for this analysis. WMH volume (WMHV) was quantified using a validated semi-automated algorithm and log-transformed for linear regression analyses. RESULTS There were 809 AIS subjects included (mean age 65.57±14.7, median WMHV 6.25 cm3 (IQR 2.8-13.1)). In univariate analysis, age, female gender, race, ethnicity, systolic blood pressure, history of hypertension, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, prior stroke, and current alcohol and tobacco use (all p<0.05), as well as Hcy (p<0.0001) and HgbA1c levels (p=0.0005) were associated with WMHV. However, only Hcy (β=0.11, p=0.003) and HgbA1c levels (β=0.1, p=0.008) independently predicted WMHV in the multivariate model, along with age (β=0.03, p<0.0001), race (β=0.39, p=0.01), ethnicity (β=-0.11, p=0.03), and current alcohol use (β=0.26, p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS Elevated levels of Hcy and HgbA1c have been previously linked to endothelial dysfunction related to oxidative stress. The association between Hcy and HgbA1c and WMH burden in AIS suggests that the degree of endothelial dysfunction may be greater in patients with increased WMHV, and may in part explain the relationship between WMHV and poor post-stroke outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Cloonan
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Kaitlin M Fitzpatrick
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Allison S Kanakis
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Karen L Furie
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Jonathan Rosand
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Natalia S Rost
- J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Yang JY, Xue X, Tian H, Wang XX, Dong YX, Wang F, Zhao YN, Yao XC, Cui W, Wu CF. Role of microglia in ethanol-induced neurodegenerative disease: Pathological and behavioral dysfunction at different developmental stages. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 144:321-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Teixeira FB, Santana LNDS, Bezerra FR, De Carvalho S, Fontes-Júnior EA, Prediger RD, Crespo-López ME, Maia CSF, Lima RR. Chronic ethanol exposure during adolescence in rats induces motor impairments and cerebral cortex damage associated with oxidative stress. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101074. [PMID: 24967633 PMCID: PMC4072717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Binge drinking is common among adolescents, and this type of ethanol exposure may lead to long-term nervous system damage. In the current study, we evaluated motor performance and tissue alterations in the cerebral cortex of rats subjected to intermittent intoxication with ethanol from adolescence to adulthood. Adolescent male Wistar rats (35 days old) were treated with distilled water or ethanol (6.5 g/kg/day, 22.5% w/v) during 55 days by gavage to complete 90 days of age. The open field, inclined plane and the rotarod tests were used to assess the spontaneous locomotor activity and motor coordination performance in adult animals. Following completion of behavioral tests, half of animals were submitted to immunohistochemical evaluation of NeuN (marker of neuronal bodies), GFAP (a marker of astrocytes) and Iba1 (microglia marker) in the cerebral cortex while the other half of the animals were subjected to analysis of oxidative stress markers by biochemical assays. Chronic ethanol intoxication in rats from adolescence to adulthood induced significant motor deficits including impaired spontaneous locomotion, coordination and muscle strength. These behavioral impairments were accompanied by marked changes in all cellular populations evaluated as well as increased levels of nitrite and lipid peroxidation in the cerebral cortex. These findings indicate that continuous ethanol intoxication from adolescence to adulthood is able to provide neurobehavioral and neurodegenerative damage to cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Bruno Teixeira
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Luana Nazaré da Silva Santana
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Fernando Romualdo Bezerra
- Laboratory Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Sabrina De Carvalho
- Laboratory Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Enéas Andrade Fontes-Júnior
- Laboratory Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Rui Daniel Prediger
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Maria Elena Crespo-López
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Socorro Ferraz Maia
- Laboratory Pharmacology of Inflammation and Behavior, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil
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Herradón G, Pérez-García C. Targeting midkine and pleiotrophin signalling pathways in addiction and neurodegenerative disorders: recent progress and perspectives. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:837-48. [PMID: 23889475 PMCID: PMC3925022 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Midkine (MK) and pleiotrophin (PTN) are two neurotrophic factors that are highly up-regulated in different brain regions after the administration of various drugs of abuse and in degenerative areas of the brain. A deficiency in both MK and PTN has been suggested to be an important genetic factor, which confers vulnerability to the development of the neurodegenerative disorders associated with drugs of abuse in humans. In this review, evidence demonstrating that MK and PTN limit the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse and, potentially, prevent drug relapse is compiled. There is also convincing evidence that MK and PTN have neuroprotective effects against the neurotoxicity and development of neurodegenerative disorders induced by drugs of abuse. Exogenous administration of MK and/or PTN into the CNS by means of non-invasive methods is proposed as a novel therapeutic strategy for addictive and neurodegenerative diseases. Identification of new molecular targets downstream of the MK and PTN signalling pathways or pharmacological modulation of those already known may also provide a more traditional, but probably effective, therapeutic strategy for treating addictive and neurodegenerative disorders. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Midkine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Herradón
- Pharmacology lab Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San PabloBoadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Pérez-García
- Pharmacology lab Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU San PabloBoadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
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Hogenkamp PS, Benedict C, Sjögren P, Kilander L, Lind L, Schiöth HB. Late-life alcohol consumption and cognitive function in elderly men. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:243-249. [PMID: 23649646 PMCID: PMC3889878 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-013-9538-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Moderate alcohol consumption (one to two drinks per day) has been associated with better cognitive function and lower risk of developing dementia in the elderly. In light of alcohol's well-known neurotoxic properties, more evidence from well-controlled population-based studies is required. The objective of this study was to examine whether self-reported alcohol intake at age 70 is linked to cognitive function (assessed by trail making tests (TMTs) A and B, which are measures of attention, mental speed, and flexibility) in a population-based cohort consisting of 652 cognitively healthy elderly men. Linear regression models were used to assess both cross-sectional (i.e., age 70) and prospective (i.e., age 77) associations between alcohol intake and cognitive function. The analyses were adjusted for education, body mass index, energy intake, self-reported physical activity, smoking, a history of hypertension or diabetes, apolipoprotein E ε4 status, and cholesterol levels at the age of 70. Baseline data were obtained from 1990 to 1996. Self-reported alcohol intake (mean 6.9 ± 7.1 g/day) was associated with better performance on TMT-B at ages 70 and 77 (β = -0.87, p < 0.001). In contrast, alcohol intake was not predictive of the difference in performance on these tests between ages 70 and 77. Despite cross-sectional associations with performance in a test of executive functioning, moderate intake of alcohol was not linked to differences in cognitive performance between ages 70 and 77 in the present study. Thus, our findings do not support the view that daily moderate alcohol consumption is a recommendable strategy to slow cognitive aging in elderly populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pleunie S. Hogenkamp
- />Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Box 593, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christian Benedict
- />Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Box 593, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Sjögren
- />Section of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lena Kilander
- />Section of Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- />Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helgi B. Schiöth
- />Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Box 593, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
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Nazıroğlu M, Akay MB, Çelik Ö, Yıldırım Mİ, Balcı E, Yürekli VA. Capparis ovata Modulates Brain Oxidative Toxicity and Epileptic Seizures in Pentylentetrazol-Induced Epileptic Rats. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:780-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-0978-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Tajuddin NF, Przybycien-Szymanska MM, Pak TR, Neafsey EJ, Collins MA. Effect of repetitive daily ethanol intoxication on adult rat brain: significant changes in phospholipase A2 enzyme levels in association with increased PARP-1 indicate neuroinflammatory pathway activation. Alcohol 2013; 47:39-45. [PMID: 23102656 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Revised: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Collaborating on studies of subchronic daily intoxication in juvenile and adult rats, we examined whether the repetitive ethanol treatments at these two life stages altered levels of key neuroinflammation-associated proteins-aquaporin-4 (AQP4), certain phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes, PARP-1 and caspase-3-in hippocampus (HC) and entorhinal cortex (EC). Significant changes in the proteins could implicate activation of specific neuroinflammatory signaling pathways in these rats as well as in severely binge-intoxicated adult animals that are reported to incur degeneration of vulnerable neurons in HC and EC. Male Wistar rats, ethanol-intoxicated (3 g/kg i.p.) once daily for 6 days over an 8-day interval beginning at 37 days old and repeated at age 68-75 days, were sacrificed 1 h after the day 75 dose (blood ethanol, 200- 230 mg/dl). Analysis of HC with an immunoblot technique showed that AQP4, Ca(+2)-dependent PLA2 (cPLA2 IVA), phosphorylated (activated) p-cPLA2, cleaved (89 kD) PARP (c-PARP), and caspase-3 levels were significantly elevated over controls, whereas Ca(+2)-independent PLA2 (iPLA2 VIA) was reduced ∼70%; however, cleaved caspase-3 was undetectable. In the EC, AQP4 was unchanged, but cPLA2 and p-cPLA2 were significantly increased while iPLA2 levels were diminished (∼40%) similar to HC, although just outside statistical significance (p = 0.06). In addition, EC levels of PARP-1 and c-PARP were significantly increased. The ethanol-induced activation of cPLA2 in association with reduced iPLA2 mirrors PLA2 changes in reports of neurotrauma and also of dietary omega-3 fatty acid depletion. Furthermore, the robust PARP-1 elevations accompanied by negligible caspase-3 activation indicate that repetitive ethanol intoxication may be potentiating non-apoptotic neurodegenerative processes such as parthanatos. Overall, the repetitive ethanol treatments appeared to instigate previously unappreciated neuroinflammatory pathways in vivo. The data provide insights into mechanisms of binge ethanol abuse that might suggest new therapeutic approaches to counter neurodegeneration and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuzhath F Tajuddin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
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Intranasal delivery of nerve growth factor attenuates aquaporins-4-induced edema following traumatic brain injury in rats. Brain Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Hrizo SL, Fisher IJ, Long DR, Hutton JA, Liu Z, Palladino MJ. Early mitochondrial dysfunction leads to altered redox chemistry underlying pathogenesis of TPI deficiency. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 54:289-96. [PMID: 23318931 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Triose phosphate isomerase (TPI) is responsible for the interconversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate in glycolysis. Point mutations in this gene are associated with a glycolytic enzymopathy called TPI deficiency. This study utilizes a Drosophila melanogaster model of TPI deficiency; TPI(sugarkill) is a mutant allele with a missense mutation (M80T) that causes phenotypes similar to human TPI deficiency. In this study, the redox status of TPI(sugarkill) flies was examined and manipulated to provide insight into the pathogenesis of this disease. Our data show that TPI(sugarkill) animals exhibit higher levels of the oxidized forms of NAD(+), NADP(+) and glutathione in an age-dependent manner. Additionally, we demonstrate that mitochondrial redox state is significantly more oxidized in TPI(sugarkill) animals. We hypothesized that TPI(sugarkill) animals may be more sensitive to oxidative stress and that this may underlie the progressive nature of disease pathogenesis. The effect of oxidizing and reducing stressors on behavioral phenotypes of the TPI(sugarkill) animals was tested. As predicted, oxidative stress worsened these phenotypes. Importantly, we discovered that reducing stress improved the behavioral and longevity phenotypes of the mutant organism without having an effect on TPI(sugarkill) protein levels. Overall, these data suggest that reduced activity of TPI leads to an oxidized redox state in these mutants and that the alleviation of this stress using reducing compounds can improve the mutant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy L Hrizo
- Deparment of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) prevents binge ethanol-dependent aquaporin-4 elevations while inhibiting neurodegeneration: experiments in rat adult-age entorhino-hippocampal slice cultures. Neurotox Res 2012. [PMID: 23184649 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-012-9360-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Repetitive binge intoxication with ethanol (alcohol) in adult rats, mimicking chronic ethanol abuse in alcoholics, causes trauma-like brain edema and relatively selective neurodegeneration of hippocampal dentate granule cells and pyramidal neurons in the temporal cortex (especially entorhinal cortex). We have now modeled the aspects of this type of acquired brain damage in vitro with rat entorhino-hippocampal slice cultures of adult brain age (62 ± 3 days). When sequentially treated (four 16-h overnight exposures) with 100 mM ethanol, the slices display elevated levels of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channels accompanied by significant neurodegeneration. Increased AQP4 has been associated with neuroinflammatory responses including edema, pro-inflammatory cytokine elevations, arachidonic acid release, and oxidative stress. Co-treatment of ethanol-binged slice cultures with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid known to suppress brain damage from other insults, prevents both the AQP4 elevations and the neurodamage. Surmising that AQP4 augmentation is a causative neuroinflammatory component in this model, we are investigating several possibilities to explain the protective actions of the omega-3 fatty acid. Since the worldwide incidence of cognitive dysfunction and dementia from ethanol abuse and alcoholism is not inconsequential, DHA supplementation with chronic alcoholics could emerge to be a rational approach to potentially lessening brain disabilities.
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Freeman K, Brureau A, Vadigepalli R, Staehle MM, Brureau MM, Gonye GE, Hoek JB, Hooper DC, Schwaber JS. Temporal changes in innate immune signals in a rat model of alcohol withdrawal in emotional and cardiorespiratory homeostatic nuclei. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:97. [PMID: 22626265 PMCID: PMC3411448 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic alcohol use changes the brain’s inflammatory state. However, there is little work examining the progression of the cytokine response during alcohol withdrawal, a period of profound autonomic and emotional upset. This study examines the inflammatory response in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) and dorsal vagal complex (DVC), brain regions neuroanatomically associated with affective and cardiorespiratory regulation in an in vivo rat model of withdrawal following a single chronic exposure. Methods For qRT-PCR studies, we measured the expression of TNF-α, NOS-2, Ccl2 (MCP-1), MHC II invariant chain CD74, and the TNF receptor Tnfrsf1a in CeA and DVC samples from adult male rats exposed to a liquid alcohol diet for thirty-five days and in similarly treated animals at four hours and forty-eight hours following alcohol withdrawal. ANOVA was used to identify statistically significant treatment effects. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and confocal microscopy were performed in a second set of animals during chronic alcohol exposure and subsequent 48-hour withdrawal. Results Following a chronic alcohol exposure, withdrawal resulted in a statistically significant increase in the expression of mRNAs specific for innate immune markers Ccl2, TNF-α, NOS-2, Tnfrsf1a, and CD74. This response was present in both the CeA and DVC and most prominent at 48 hours. Confocal IHC of samples taken 48 hours into withdrawal demonstrate the presence of TNF-α staining surrounding cells expressing the neural marker NeuN and endothelial cells colabeled with ICAM-1 (CD54) and RECA-1, markers associated with an inflammatory response. Again, findings were consistent in both brain regions. Conclusions This study demonstrates the rapid induction of Ccl2, TNF-α, NOS-2, Tnfrsf1a and CD74 expression during alcohol withdrawal in both the CeA and DVC. IHC dual labeling showed an increase in TNF-α surrounding neurons and ICAM-1 on vascular endothelial cells 48 hours into withdrawal, confirming the inflammatory response at the protein level. These findings suggest that an abrupt cessation of alcohol intake leads to an acute central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory response in these regions that regulate autonomic and emotional state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Freeman
- Daniel Baugh Institute for Functional Genomics and Computational Biology, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
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