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Aschner M, Martins AC, Oliveira-Paula GH, Skalny AV, Zaitseva IP, Bowman AB, Kirichuk AA, Santamaria A, Tizabi Y, Tinkov AA. Manganese in autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: The state of the art. Curr Res Toxicol 2024; 6:100170. [PMID: 38737010 PMCID: PMC11088232 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2024.100170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present narrative review was to synthesize existing clinical and epidemiological findings linking manganese (Mn) exposure biomarkers to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and to discuss key pathophysiological mechanisms of neurodevelopmental disorders that may be affected by this metal. Existing epidemiological data demonstrated both direct and inverse association between Mn body burden and ASD, or lack of any relationship. In contrast, the majority of studies revealed significantly higher Mn levels in subjects with ADHD, as well as direct relationship between Mn body burden with hyperactivity and inattention scores in children, although several studies reported contradictory results. Existing laboratory studies demonstrated that impaired attention and hyperactivity in animals following Mn exposure was associated with dopaminergic dysfunction and neuroinflammation. Despite lack of direct evidence on Mn-induced neurobiological alterations in patients with ASD and ADHD, a plethora of studies demonstrated that neurotoxic effects of Mn overexposure may interfere with key mechanisms of pathogenesis inherent to these neurodevelopmental disorders. Specifically, Mn overload was shown to impair not only dopaminergic neurotransmission, but also affect metabolism of glutamine/glutamate, GABA, serotonin, noradrenaline, thus affecting neuronal signaling. In turn, neurotoxic effects of Mn may be associated with its ability to induce oxidative stress, apoptosis, and neuroinflammation, and/or impair neurogenesis. Nonetheless, additional detailed studies are required to evaluate the association between environmental Mn exposure and/or Mn body burden and neurodevelopmental disorders at a wide range of concentrations to estimate the potential dose-dependent effects, as well as environmental and genetic factors affecting this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Airton C. Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - Anatoly V. Skalny
- Department of Medical Elementology, and Department of Human Ecology and Bioelementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Irina P. Zaitseva
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl 150003, Russia
| | - Aaron B. Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2051, USA
| | - Anatoly A. Kirichuk
- Department of Medical Elementology, and Department of Human Ecology and Bioelementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Abel Santamaria
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Nanotecnología y Nanomedicina, Departamento de Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
| | - Yousef Tizabi
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - Alexey A. Tinkov
- Department of Medical Elementology, and Department of Human Ecology and Bioelementology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119435, Russia
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl 150003, Russia
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Yang Y, Gao L, Meng J, Li H, Wang X, Huang Y, Wu J, Ma H, Yan D. Manganese activates autophagy and microglia M2 polarization against endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced neuroinflammation: Involvement of GSK-3β signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116053. [PMID: 38118349 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced nerve cell damage has been known to be a hallmark feature of Mn-induced parkinsonism pathogenesis. However, several compensatory machineries, such as unfolded protein response (UPR), autophagy, and immune response, play an essential role in this damage, and the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. METHODS Neurobehavioral impairment was assessed using catwalk gait analysis and open field test. RNA-seq analyzed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). TUNEL staining and immunohistochemical analysis evaluated the nerve cells apoptosis and microglial cell activation. Flow cytometry assay measured microglia M1/M2 polarization. Western blotting measured protein expression. Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the target molecules' subcellular localization. RESULTS The study revealed that Mn caused a reduction in motor capacity, nerve cell apoptosis, and microglia activation with an imbalance in M1/M2 polarization, coupled with NF-κB signaling and PERK signaling activation. 4-PBA pretreatment could counteract these effects, while 3-MA administration exacerbated them. Additionally, autophagy could be activated by Mn. This activation could be further upregulated by 4-PBA pretreatment, whereas it was suppressed under 3-MA administration. Mn also decreased inactive GSK-3β, increased STAT3 signaling activation, and increased colocalization of GSK-3β and STAT3. These effects were strengthened by 4-PBA pretreatment, while 3-MA administration reversed them. DISCUSSION This study suggests that autophagy and M2 microglia polarization might be protective in Mn-induced ER stress damage, possibly through GSK-3β-ULK1 autophagy signaling and STAT3 signaling activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Yang
- School of Public Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Section III, Linghe District, Jinzhou, China
| | - Liang Gao
- School of Public Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Section III, Linghe District, Jinzhou, China; Collaborative innovation center for health promotion of children and adolescents of Jinzhou Medical University, China
| | - Jia Meng
- School of Public Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Section III, Linghe District, Jinzhou, China; Collaborative innovation center for health promotion of children and adolescents of Jinzhou Medical University, China
| | - Hong Li
- School of Public Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Section III, Linghe District, Jinzhou, China; Collaborative innovation center for health promotion of children and adolescents of Jinzhou Medical University, China
| | - Xiaobai Wang
- School of Public Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Section III, Linghe District, Jinzhou, China
| | - Ying Huang
- School of Public Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Section III, Linghe District, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jie Wu
- School of Public Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Section III, Linghe District, Jinzhou, China
| | - Honglin Ma
- School of Public Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Section III, Linghe District, Jinzhou, China
| | - Dongying Yan
- School of Public Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Section III, Linghe District, Jinzhou, China; Collaborative innovation center for health promotion of children and adolescents of Jinzhou Medical University, China.
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Ma G, Li J, Wang H, Lin AL, Yang G, Zuo Z. Formyl peptide receptor 1 is involved in surgery-induced neuroinflammation and dysfunction of learning and memory in mice. Behav Brain Res 2023; 452:114577. [PMID: 37423318 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common complication after surgery. Peripheral immune cells may contribute to the development of POCD. However, molecules that are important for this contribution are not known. We hypothesize that formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1), a molecule critical for the migration of the monocytes and neutrophils into the brain after brain ischemia, is central to the development of postoperative neuroinflammation and dysfunction of learning and memory. Male C57BL/6 (wild-type) mice and FPR1-/- mice received right carotid artery exposure surgery. Some wild-type mice received cFLFLF, an FPR1 antagonist. Mouse brains were harvested 24 h after the surgery for biochemical analysis. Mice were subjected to the Barnes maze and fear conditioning tests to determine their learning and memory from 2 weeks after the surgery. We found that surgery increased FPR1 in the brain and proinflammatory cytokines in the blood and brain of wild-type mice. Surgery also impaired their learning and memory. cFLFLF attenuated these effects. Surgery did not induce an increase in the proinflammatory cytokines and impairment of learning and memory in FPR1-/- mice. These results suggest that FPR1 is important for the development of neuroinflammation and dysfunction of learning and memory after surgery. Specific interventions that inhibit FPR1 may be developed to reduce POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Ai-Ling Lin
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zhiyi Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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Tang X, Balachandran RC, Aschner M, Bowman AB. IGF/mTORC1/S6 Signaling Is Potentiated and Prolonged by Acute Loading of Subtoxicological Manganese Ion. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1229. [PMID: 37627294 PMCID: PMC10452562 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF)/insulin signaling (IIS) pathway is involved in cellular responses against intracellular divalent manganese ion (Mn2+) accumulation. As a pathway where multiple nodes utilize Mn2+ as a metallic co-factor, how the IIS signaling patterns are affected by Mn2+ overload is unresolved. In our prior studies, acute Mn2+ exposure potentiated IIS kinase activity upon physiological-level stimulation, indicated by elevated phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB, also known as AKT). AKT phosphorylation is associated with IIS activity; and provides direct signaling transduction input for the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and its downstream target ribosomal protein S6 (S6). Here, to better define the impact of Mn2+ exposure on IIS function, Mn2+-induced IIS activation was evaluated with serial concentrations and temporal endpoints. In the wild-type murine striatal neuronal line STHdh, the acute treatment of Mn2+ with IGF induced a Mn2+ concentration-sensitive phosphorylation of S6 at Ser235/236 to as low as 5 μM extracellular Mn2+. This effect required both the essential amino acids and insulin receptor (IR)/IGF receptor (IGFR) signaling input. Similar to simultaneous stimulation of Mn2+ and IGF, when a steady-state elevation of Mn2+ was established via a 24-h pre-exposure, phosphorylation of S6 also displayed higher sensitivity to sub-cytotoxic Mn2+ when compared to AKT phosphorylation at Ser473. This indicates a synergistic effect of sub-cytotoxic Mn2+ on IIS and mTORC1 signaling. Furthermore, elevated intracellular Mn2+, with both durations, led to a prolonged activation in AKT and S6 upon stimulation. Our data demonstrate that the downstream regulator S6 is a highly sensitive target of elevated Mn2+ and is well below the established acute cytotoxicity thresholds (<50 μM). These findings indicate that the IIS/mTORC1 pathways, in which Mn2+ normally serves as an essential co-factor, are dually responsible for the cellular changes in exposures to real-world Mn2+ concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Tang
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (X.T.)
| | - Rekha C. Balachandran
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (X.T.)
- Exponent Inc., Alexandria, VA 22314, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Aaron B. Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (X.T.)
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Yan D, Yang Y, Lang J, Wang X, Huang Y, Meng J, Wu J, Zeng X, Li H, Ma H, Gao L. SIRT1/FOXO3-mediated autophagy signaling involved in manganese-induced neuroinflammation in microglia. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 256:114872. [PMID: 37027942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn), as one of the environmental risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD), has been widely studied. Though autophagy dysfunction and neuroinflammation mainly are responsible for the causative issue of Mn neurotoxicity, the molecular mechanism of parkinsonism caused by Mn has not been explored clearly. The results of in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that overexposure to Mn caused neuroinflammation impairment and autophagy dysfunction, accompanied by the increase of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA expression, and nerve cell apoptosis, microglia cell activation, NF-κB activation, poor neurobehavior performance. This is due to Mn-induced the downregulation of SIRT1. Upregulation of SIRT1 in vivo and in vitro could alleviate Mn-induced autophagy dysfunction and neuroinflammation, yet these beneficial effects were abolished following 3-MA administration. Furthermore, we found that Mn interfered with the acetylation of FOXO3 by SIRT1 in BV2 cells, leading to a decrease in the nuclear translocation of FOXO3, and its binding of LC3B promoter and transcription activity. This could be antagonized by the upregulation of SIRT1. Finally, it is proved that SIRT1/FOXO3-LC3B autophagy signaling involves in Mn-induced neuroinflammation impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongying Yan
- School of Public Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Section III, Linghe District, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Yang
- School of Public Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Section III, Linghe District, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jing Lang
- School of Public Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Section III, Linghe District, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xiaobai Wang
- School of Public Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Section III, Linghe District, Jinzhou, China; Preventive Medicine Experimental Practice Teaching Center, School of Public Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Section III, Linghe District, Jinzhou, China
| | - Ying Huang
- School of Public Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Section III, Linghe District, Jinzhou, China; Preventive Medicine Experimental Practice Teaching Center, School of Public Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Section III, Linghe District, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jia Meng
- School of Public Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Section III, Linghe District, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jie Wu
- School of Public Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Section III, Linghe District, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xinning Zeng
- School of Public Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Section III, Linghe District, Jinzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- School of Public Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Section III, Linghe District, Jinzhou, China
| | - Honglin Ma
- School of Public Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Section III, Linghe District, Jinzhou, China
| | - Liang Gao
- School of Public Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Section III, Linghe District, Jinzhou, China.
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Zhang Y, Hu HT, Cao YM, Jiang ZG, Liu J, Fan QY. Biphasic Dose-Response of Mn-Induced Mitochondrial Damage, PINK1/Parkin Expression, and Mitophagy in SK-N-SH Cells. Dose Response 2023; 21:15593258231169392. [PMID: 37113652 PMCID: PMC10126627 DOI: 10.1177/15593258231169392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive manganese (Mn) exposure produces neurotoxicity with mitochondrial damage. Mitophagy is a protective mechanism to eliminate damaged mitochondria to protect cells. The aim of this study was to determine the dose-response of Mn-induced mitochondria damage, the expression of mitophagy-mediated protein PINK1/Parkin and mitophagy in dopamine-producing SK-N-SH cells. Cells were exposed to 0, 300, 900, and 1500 μM Mn2+ for 24 h, and ROS production, mitochondrial damage and mitophagy were examined. The levels of dopamine were detected by ELISA and neurotoxicity and mitophagy-related proteins (α-synuclein, PINK1, Parkin, Optineurin, and LC3II/I) were detected by western blot. Mn increased intracellular ROS and apoptosis and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in a concentration-dependent manner. However, at the low dose of 300 μM Mn, autophagosome was increased 11-fold, but at the high dose of 1500 μM, autophagosome was attenuated to 4-fold, together with decreased mitophagy-mediated protein PINK1/Parkin and LC3II/I ratio and increased Optineurin expression, resulting in increased α-synuclein accumulation and decreased dopamine production. Thus, Mn-induced mitophagy exhibited a novel biphasic regulation: at the low dose, mitophagy is activated to eliminate damaged mitochondria, however, at the high dose, cells gradually loss the adaptive machinery, the PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy weakened, resulting in neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital
of Chongqing Medical University/Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children,
Chongqing, China
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical
University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hong-Tao Hu
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical
University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yu-Min Cao
- The Third Afliated Hospital of Zunyi
Medical University, (The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Jiang
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical
University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Lab for Basic Pharmacology of
Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical
University, Zunyi, China
- Jie Liu, Department of Pharmacology, Zunyi
Medical University, 5 Xingpu Road, Zunyi 563003, China. Emails:
;
| | - Qi-Yuan Fan
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical
University, Zunyi, China
- Zunyi Medical and Pharmaceutical
College, Zunyi, China
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Li Y, Lian Z, Li Q, Ding W, Wang W, Zhang L, Muhataer X, Zhou Y, Yang X, Wu C. Molecular mechanism by which the Notch signaling pathway regulates autophagy in a rat model of pulmonary fibrosis in pigeon breeder's lung. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230629. [PMID: 36785767 PMCID: PMC9921914 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of the Notch signaling pathway and autophagy in the development of pulmonary fibrosis in pigeon breeder's lung (PBL). Rats were divided into control (Ctrl), PBL model (M), M + D (Notch signaling inhibition), M + W (autophagy inhibition), and M + R (autophagy induction) groups. Lyophilized protein powder from pigeon shedding materials was used as an allergen to construct a fibrotic PBL rat model. The mechanism by which Notch signaling regulated autophagy in the pulmonary fibrosis of PBL was investigated by inhibiting the Notch pathway and interfering with autophagy. Pulmonary interstitial fibrosis was significantly greater in the M group and the M + W group than in the M + D and M + R groups. The expression of α-smooth muscle actin was significantly higher in the M, M + D, and M + W groups than in the Ctrl group (P < 0.05). The expression of the cell autophagy markers Beclin1 and LC3 was lower in the M, M + D, and M + W groups than in the Ctrl group (P < 0.05), whereas Beclin1 and LC3 expressions were higher in the M + D and M + R groups than in the M group. The levels of reactive oxygen species in serum and lung tissues were higher in the M, M + D, M + W, and M + R groups than in the Ctrl group (P < 0.05). The Notch signaling pathway is involved in the pathological process of pulmonary fibrosis in the rat model of PBL by regulating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 830001 Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases, 830001 Urumqi, China
| | - Zhichuang Lian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 830001 Urumqi, China
| | - Qifeng Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 830001 Urumqi, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 830001 Urumqi, China
| | - Wenyi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 830001 Urumqi, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 830001 Urumqi, China
| | - Xirennayi Muhataer
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 830001 Urumqi, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 830001 Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 830001 Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases, 830001 Urumqi, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 830001 Urumqi, China,Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases, 830001 Urumqi, China
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Pajarillo E, Nyarko-Danquah I, Digman A, Multani HK, Kim S, Gaspard P, Aschner M, Lee E. Mechanisms of manganese-induced neurotoxicity and the pursuit of neurotherapeutic strategies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1011947. [PMID: 36605395 PMCID: PMC9808094 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1011947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to elevated levels of manganese via occupational or environmental settings causes a neurological disorder known as manganism, resembling the symptoms of Parkinson's disease, such as motor deficits and cognitive impairment. Numerous studies have been conducted to characterize manganese's neurotoxicity mechanisms in search of effective therapeutics, including natural and synthetic compounds to treat manganese toxicity. Several potential molecular targets of manganese toxicity at the epigenetic and transcriptional levels have been identified recently, which may contribute to develop more precise and effective gene therapies. This review updates findings on manganese-induced neurotoxicity mechanisms on intracellular insults such as oxidative stress, inflammation, excitotoxicity, and mitophagy, as well as transcriptional dysregulations involving Yin Yang 1, RE1-silencing transcription factor, transcription factor EB, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 that could be targets of manganese neurotoxicity therapies. This review also features intracellular proteins such as PTEN-inducible kinase 1, parkin, sirtuins, leucine-rich repeat kinase 2, and α-synuclein, which are associated with manganese-induced dysregulation of autophagy/mitophagy. In addition, newer therapeutic approaches to treat manganese's neurotoxicity including natural and synthetic compounds modulating excitotoxicity, autophagy, and mitophagy, were reviewed. Taken together, in-depth mechanistic knowledge accompanied by advances in gene and drug delivery strategies will make significant progress in the development of reliable therapeutic interventions against manganese-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Pajarillo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Ivan Nyarko-Danquah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Alexis Digman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Harpreet Kaur Multani
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Sanghoon Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Patric Gaspard
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Eunsook Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
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Xiao L, Cheng H, Cai H, Wei Y, Zan G, Feng X, Liu C, Li L, Huang L, Wang F, Chen X, Zou Y, Yang X. Associations of Heavy Metals with Activities of Daily Living Disability: An Epigenome-Wide View of DNA Methylation and Mediation Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:87009. [PMID: 36036794 PMCID: PMC9423034 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to heavy metals has been reported to be associated with multiple diseases. However, direct associations and potential mechanisms of heavy metals with physical disability remain unclear. OBJECTIVES We aimed to quantify associations of heavy metals with physical disability and further explore the potential mechanisms of DNA methylation on the genome scale. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 4,391 older adults was conducted and activities of daily living (ADL) disability were identified using a 14-item scale questionnaire including basic and instrumental activities to assess the presence of disability (yes or no) rated on a scale of dependence. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated to quantify associations between heavy metals and ADL disability prevalence using multivariate logistic regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models. Whole blood-derived DNA methylation was measured using the HumanMethylationEPIC BeadChip array. An ADL disability-related epigenome-wide DNA methylation association study (EWAS) was performed among 212 sex-matched ADL disability cases and controls, and mediation analysis was further applied to explore potential mediators of DNA methylation. RESULTS Each 1-standard deviation (SD) higher difference in log10-transformed manganese, copper, arsenic, and cadmium level was significantly associated with a 14% (95% CI: 1.05, 1.24), 16% (95% CI:1.07, 1.26), 22% (95% CI:1.13, 1.33), and 15% (95% CI:1.06, 1.26) higher odds of ADL disability, which remained significant in the multiple-metal and BKMR models. A total of 85 differential DNA methylation sites were identified to be associated with ADL disability prevalence, among which methylation level at cg220000984 and cg23012519 (annotated to IRGM and PKP3) mediated 31.0% and 31.2% of manganese-associated ADL disability prevalence, cg06723863 (annotated to ESRP2) mediated 32.4% of copper-associated ADL disability prevalence, cg24433124 (nearest to IER3) mediated 15.8% of arsenic-associated ADL disability prevalence, and cg07905190 and cg17485717 (annotated to FREM1 and TCP11L1) mediated 21.5% and 30.5% of cadmium-associated ADL disability prevalence (all p<0.05). DISCUSSION Our findings suggested that heavy metals contributed to higher prevalence of ADL disability and that locus-specific DNA methylation are partial mediators, providing potential biomarkers for further cellular mechanism studies. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10602.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Xiao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Haiqing Cai
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yue Wei
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Gaohui Zan
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiuming Feng
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chaoqun Liu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Longman Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lulu Huang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yunfeng Zou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Fujimura M, Usuki F. Cellular Conditions Responsible for Methylmercury-Mediated Neurotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137218. [PMID: 35806222 PMCID: PMC9266708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a widely known environmental pollutant that causes severe neurotoxicity. MeHg-induced neurotoxicity depends on various cellular conditions, including differences in the characteristics of tissues and cells, exposure age (fetal, childhood, or adulthood), and exposure levels. Research has highlighted the importance of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of MeHg-induced toxicity and the site- and cell-specific nature of MeHg-induced neurotoxicity. The cerebellar granule cells and deeper layer cerebrocortical neurons are vulnerable to MeHg. In contrast, the hippocampal neurons are resistant to MeHg, even at high mercury accumulation levels. This review summarizes the mechanisms underlying MeHg-mediated intracellular events that lead to site-specific neurotoxicity. Specifically, we discuss the mechanisms associated with the redox ability, neural outgrowth and synapse formation, cellular signaling pathways, epigenetics, and the inflammatory conditions of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatake Fujimura
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, National Institute for Minamata Disease, Kumamoto 867-0008, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-966-63-3111; Fax: +81-966-61-1145
| | - Fusako Usuki
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan;
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11
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[Curcumin alleviates the manganese-induced neurotoxicity by promoting autophagy in rat models of manganism]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2022; 54. [PMID: 35701115 PMCID: PMC9197692 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effects of curcumin(CUR) and its mechanism on a rat model of neurotoxicity induced by manganese chloride (MnCl2), which mimics mangnism. METHODS Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, with 12 rats in each group. Control group received 0.9% saline solution intraperitoneally (ip) plus double distilled water (dd) H2O intragastrically (ig), MnCl2 group received 15 mg/kg MnCl2(Mn2+ 6.48 mg/kg) intraperitoneally plus dd H2O intragastrically, CUR group received 0.9% saline solution intraperitoneally plus 300 mg/kg CUR intragastrically, MnCl2+ CUR1 group received 15 mg/kg MnCl2 intraperitoneally plus 100 mg/kg curcumin intragastrically, MnCl2+ CUR2 group received 15 mg/kg MnCl2 intraperitoneally plus 300 mg/kg CUR intragastrically, 5 days/week, 4 weeks. Open-field and rotarod tests were used to detect animals' exploratory behavior, anxiety, depression, movement and balance ability. Morris water maze (MWM) experiment was used to detect animals' learning and memory ability. ICP-MS was used to investigate the Mn contents in striata. The rats per group were perfused in situ, their brains striata were removed by brains model and fixed for transmission electron microscope (TEM), histopathological and immunohistochemistry (ICH) analyses. The other 6 rats per group were sacrificed. Their brains striata were removed and protein expression levels of transcription factor EB (TFEB), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p-mTOR, Beclin, P62, microtubule-associated protein light chain-3 (LC3) were detected by Western blotting. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transterase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was used to determine neurocyte apoptosis of rat striatum. RESULTS After exposure to MnCl2 for four weeks, MnCl2-treated rats showed depressive-like behavior in open-field test, the impairments of movement coordination and balance in rotarod test and the diminishment of spatial learning and memory in MWM (P < 0.05). The striatal TH+ neurocyte significantly decreased, eosinophilic cells, aggregative α-Syn level and TUNEL-positive neurocyte significantly increased in the striatum of MnCl2 group compared with control group (P < 0.05). Chromatin condensation, mitochondria tumefaction and autophagosomes were observed in rat striatal neurocytes of MnCl2 group by TEM. TFEB nuclear translocation and autophagy occurred in the striatum of MnCl2 group. Further, the depressive behavior, movement and balance ability, spatial learning and memory ability of MnCl2+ CUR2 group were significantly improved compared with MnCl2 group (P < 0.05). TH+ neurocyte significantly increased, the eosinophilic cells, aggregative α-Syn level significantly decreased in the striatum of MnCl2+ CUR2 group compared with MnCl2 group. Further, compared with MnCl2 group, chromatin condensation, mitochondria tumefaction was alleviated and autophagosomes increased, TFEB-nuclear translocation, autophagy was enhanced and TUNEL-positive neurocyte reduced significantly in the striatum of MnCl2+ CUR2 group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Curcumin alleviated the MnCl2-induced neurotoxicity and α-Syn aggregation probably by promoting TFEB nuclear translocation and enhancing autophagy.
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Tsamou M, Roggen EL. Building a Network of Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) Incorporating the Tau-Driven AOP Toward Memory Loss (AOP429). J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2022; 6:271-296. [PMID: 35891639 PMCID: PMC9277675 DOI: 10.3233/adr-220015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The adverse outcome pathway (AOP) concept was first proposed as a tool for chemical hazard assessment facilitating the regulatory decision-making in toxicology and was more recently recommended during the BioMed21 workshops as a tool for the characterization of crucial endpoints in the human disease development. This AOP framework represents mechanistically based approaches using existing data, more realistic and relevant to human biological systems. In principle, AOPs are described by molecular initiating events (MIEs) which induce key events (KEs) leading to adverse outcomes (AOs). In addition to the individual AOPs, the network of AOPs has been also suggested to beneficially support the understanding and prediction of adverse effects in risk assessment. The AOP-based networks can capture the complexity of biological systems described by different AOPs, in which multiple AOs diverge from a single MIE or multiple MIEs trigger a cascade of KEs that converge to a single AO. Here, an AOP network incorporating a recently proposed tau-driven AOP toward memory loss (AOP429) related to sporadic (late-onset) Alzheimer’s disease is constructed. This proposed AOP network is an attempt to extract useful information for better comprehending the interactions among existing mechanistic data linked to memory loss as an early phase of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tsamou
- ToxGenSolutions (TGS), Maastricht, The Netherlands
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13
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Multi-Elemental Analysis of Human Optic Chiasm-A New Perspective to Reveal the Pathomechanism of Nerve Fibers' Degeneration. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074420. [PMID: 35410100 PMCID: PMC8998695 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of metals on the functioning of the human eye is multifactorial and includes enzyme activity modulation, trace metal metabolic pathways changes, and cytotoxic activity. Functional dysfunctions appear mostly as a result of the accumulation of toxic xenobiotic metals or disturbances of micronutrients’ homeostasis. So far, the affinity of selected metals to eye tissues, i.e., the cornea, choroid, lens, and anterior chamber fluid, has been most studied. However, it is known that many eye symptoms are related to damage to the optic nerve. In order to fill this gap, the aim of the study is to perform a multi-element analysis of tissue collected postmortem from optic chiasm and optic nerves. A total of 178 samples from 107 subjects were tested. The concentrations of 51 elements were quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after the wet-mineralization step. In terms of elemental composition, the optic chiasm is dominated by two trace elements, i.e., iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn), besides macro-elements Ca, K, Na, P, and Mg. The subjects formed a homogeneous cluster (over 70% subjects) with the highest accumulation of aluminum (Al). The remaining two departing clusters were characterized by an increased content of most of the elements, including toxic elements such as bismuth (Bi), uranium (U), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), and cadmium (Cd). Changes in elemental composition with age were analyzed statistically for the selected groups, i.e., females, males, and subjects with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and without AUD. A tendency of women to lose Se, Cu, Zn, Fe with age was observed, and a disturbed Ca/Mg, Na/K ratio in subjects with AUD. Although the observed trends were not statistically significant, they shed new light on the risks and possible pathologies associated with metal neurotoxicity in the visual tract.
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Nisa FY, Rahman MA, Hossen MA, Khan MF, Khan MAN, Majid M, Sultana F, Haque MA. Role of neurotoxicants in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease: a mechanistic insight. Ann Med 2021; 53:1476-1501. [PMID: 34433343 PMCID: PMC8405119 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1966088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most conspicuous chronic neurodegenerative syndrome, which has become a significant challenge for the global healthcare system. Multiple studies have corroborated a clear association of neurotoxicants with AD pathogenicity, such as Amyloid beta (Aβ) proteins and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), signalling pathway modifications, cellular stress, cognitive dysfunctions, neuronal apoptosis, neuroinflammation, epigenetic modification, and so on. This review, therefore, aimed to address several essential mechanisms and signalling cascades, including Wnt (wingless and int.) signalling pathway, autophagy, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), protein kinase C (PKC) signalling cascades, cellular redox status, energy metabolism, glutamatergic neurotransmissions, immune cell stimulations (e.g. microglia, astrocytes) as well as an amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin-1 (PSEN1), presenilin-2 (PSEN2) and other AD-related gene expressions that have been pretentious and modulated by the various neurotoxicants. This review concluded that neurotoxicants play a momentous role in developing AD through modulating various signalling cascades. Nevertheless, comprehension of this risk agent-induced neurotoxicity is far too little. More in-depth epidemiological and systematic investigations are needed to understand the potential mechanisms better to address these neurotoxicants and improve approaches to their risk exposure that aid in AD pathogenesis.Key messagesInevitable cascade mechanisms of how Alzheimer's Disease-related (AD-related) gene expressions are modulated by neurotoxicants have been discussed.Involvement of the neurotoxicants-induced pathways caused an extended risk of AD is explicited.Integration of cell culture, animals and population-based analysis on the clinical severity of AD is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Yasmin Nisa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Atiar Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Amjad Hossen
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Forhad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Asif Nadim Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Mumtahina Majid
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Farjana Sultana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Areeful Haque
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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15
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Zhang K, He K, Xu J, Nie L, Li S, Liu J, Long D, Dai Z, Yang X. Manganese exposure causes movement deficit and changes in the protein profile of the external globus pallidus in Sprague Dawley rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2021; 37:715-726. [PMID: 34706592 DOI: 10.1177/07482337211022223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is required for normal brain development and function. Excess Mn may trigger a parkinsonian movement disorder but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. We explored changes in the brain proteomic profile and movement behavior of adult Sprague Dawley (SD) rats systemically treated with or without 1.0 mg/mL MnCl2 for 3 months. Mn treatment significantly increased the concentration of protein-bound Mn in the external globus pallidus (GP), as demonstrated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Behavioral study showed that Mn treatment induced movement deficits, especially of skilled movement. Proteome analysis by two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry revealed 13 differentially expressed proteins in the GP of Mn-treated versus Mn-untreated SD rats. The differentially expressed proteins were mostly involved in glycolysis, metabolic pathways, and response to hypoxia. Selected pathway class analysis of differentially expressed GP proteins, which included phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1), primarily identified enrichment in glycolytic process and innate immune response. In conclusion, perturbation of brain energy production and innate immune response, in which PGAM1 has key roles, may contribute to the movement disorder associated with Mn neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqin Zhang
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hunan Hengyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kaiwu He
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China.,School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lulin Nie
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shupeng Li
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dingxin Long
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hunan Hengyang, China
| | - Zhongliang Dai
- The department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xifei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Medical Key Discipline of Health Toxicology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
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16
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Tinkov AA, Martins AC, Avila DS, Gritsenko VA, Skalny AV, Santamaria A, Lee E, Bowman AB, Aschner M. Gut Microbiota as a Potential Player in Mn-Induced Neurotoxicity. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1292. [PMID: 34572505 PMCID: PMC8469589 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal, which at high exposures causes neurotoxic effects and neurodegeneration. The neurotoxic effects of Mn are mediated by neuroinflammation, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and other mechanisms. Recent findings have demonstrated the potential impact of Mn overexposure on gut microbiota dysbiosis, which is known to contribute to neurodegeneration via secretion of neuroactive and proinflammatory metabolites. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the existing data on the impact of Mn exposure on gut microbiota biodiversity, bacterial metabolite production, and gut wall permeability regulating systemic levels. Recent data have demonstrated that Mn exposure may affect gut microbiota biodiversity by altering the abundance of Shiegella, Ruminococcus, Dorea, Fusicatenibacter, Roseburia, Parabacteroides, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Ruminococcaceae, Streptococcaceae, and other bacterial phyla. A Mn-induced increase in Bacteroidetes abundance and a reduced Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio may increase lipopolysaccharide levels. Moreover, in addition to increased systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels, Mn is capable of potentiating LPS neurotoxicity. Due to the high metabolic activity of intestinal microflora, Mn-induced perturbations in gut microbiota result in a significant alteration in the gut metabolome that has the potential to at least partially mediate the biological effects of Mn overexposure. At the same time, a recent study demonstrated that healthy microbiome transplantation alleviates Mn-induced neurotoxicity, which is indicative of the significant role of gut microflora in the cascade of Mn-mediated neurotoxicity. High doses of Mn may cause enterocyte toxicity and affect gut wall integrity through disruption of tight junctions. The resulting increase in gut wall permeability further promotes increased translocation of LPS and neuroactive bacterial metabolites to the systemic blood flow, ultimately gaining access to the brain and leading to neuroinflammation and neurotransmitter imbalance. Therefore, the existing data lead us to hypothesize that gut microbiota should be considered as a potential target of Mn toxicity, although more detailed studies are required to characterize the interplay between Mn exposure and the gut, as well as its role in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Tinkov
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, 150003 Yaroslavl, Russia;
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Airton C. Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Daiana Silva Avila
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicoology in Caenorhabditis elegans, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Campus Uruguaiana, BR-472 Km 592, Uruguaiana 97500-970, RS, Brazil;
| | - Victor A. Gritsenko
- Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pionerskaya st 11, 460000 Orenburg, Russia;
| | - Anatoly V. Skalny
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Medical Elementology, KG Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management, 109004 Moscow, Russia
| | - Abel Santamaria
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | - Eunsook Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA;
| | - Aaron B. Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Michael Aschner
- Laboratory of Molecular Dietetics, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
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Olubodun-Obadun TG, Ishola IO, Adeyemi OO. Potentials of autophagy enhancing natural products in the treatment of Parkinson disease. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2021; 0:dmdi-2021-0128. [PMID: 34391219 DOI: 10.1515/dmdi-2021-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms due to loss of striatal dopaminergic neurons and disruption of degradation signaling leading to the formation of Lewy bodies (aggregation of α-synuclein). Presently, there are no disease modifying therapy for PD despite improvement in the understanding of the disease pathogenesis. However, the drugs currently used in PD management provide symptomatic relieve for motor symptoms without significant improvement in non-motor complications, thus, a public health burden on caregivers and healthcare systems. There is therefore the need to discover disease modifying therapy with strong potential to halt the disease progression. Recent trend has shown that the dysfunction of lysosomal-autophagy pathway is highly implicated in PD pathology, hence, making autophagy a key player owing to its involvement in degradation and clearance of misfolded α-synuclein (a major hallmark in PD pathology). In this review, we described the current drugs/strategy in the management of PD including targeting the autophagy pathway as a novel approach that could serve as potential intervention for PD management. The discovery of small molecules or natural products capable of enhancing autophagy mechanism could be a promising strategy for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiwo G Olubodun-Obadun
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Ismail O Ishola
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Olufunmilayo O Adeyemi
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
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18
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Olubodun-Obadun TG, Ishola IO, Adeyemi OO. Potentials of autophagy enhancing natural products in the treatment of Parkinson disease. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2021; 37:99-110. [PMID: 35737301 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2021-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms due to loss of striatal dopaminergic neurons and disruption of degradation signaling leading to the formation of Lewy bodies (aggregation of α-synuclein). Presently, there are no disease modifying therapy for PD despite improvement in the understanding of the disease pathogenesis. However, the drugs currently used in PD management provide symptomatic relieve for motor symptoms without significant improvement in non-motor complications, thus, a public health burden on caregivers and healthcare systems. There is therefore the need to discover disease modifying therapy with strong potential to halt the disease progression. Recent trend has shown that the dysfunction of lysosomal-autophagy pathway is highly implicated in PD pathology, hence, making autophagy a key player owing to its involvement in degradation and clearance of misfolded α-synuclein (a major hallmark in PD pathology). In this review, we described the current drugs/strategy in the management of PD including targeting the autophagy pathway as a novel approach that could serve as potential intervention for PD management. The discovery of small molecules or natural products capable of enhancing autophagy mechanism could be a promising strategy for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiwo G Olubodun-Obadun
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Ismail O Ishola
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Olufunmilayo O Adeyemi
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
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19
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Xu Y, Wei L, Tang S, Shi Q, Wu B, Yang X, Zou Y, Wang X, Ao Q, Meng L, Wei X, Zhang N, Li Y, Lan C, Chen M, Li X, Lu C. Regulation PP2Ac methylation ameliorating autophagy dysfunction caused by Mn is associated with mTORC1/ULK1 pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 156:112441. [PMID: 34363881 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) exposure leads to autophagy dysfunction and causes neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. However, the mechanism of neurotoxicity of Mn has been less clear. The methylation of the protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit determines the dephosphorylation activity of protein phosphatase and plays an important role in autophagy regulation. In this investigation, we established a model of Mn (0-2000 μmol/L) exposure to N2a cells for 12 h, used the PPME-1 inhibitor ABL-127, and constructed an LCMT1-overexpressing N2a cell line. We also regulated the PP2Ac methylation level and explored the effect of PP2Ac methylation on Mn-induced (0-1000 μmol/L) N2a cellular autophagy. Our results showed that Mn > 500 μmol/L induced N2a cell damage and increased oxidative stress. Moreover, Mn modulated autophagy in N2a cells by downregulating PP2Ac methylation, which regulated mTORC1 signaling pathway activation. Both ABL-127 and LCMT1 overexpression can upregulate PP2Ac methylation in parallel with ameliorating N2a cell abnormal autophagy induced by Mn, Briefly, the upregulation of PP2Ac methylation can ameliorate the autophagy disorder of N2a by Mn and effectively alleviate Mn-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress, indicating that regulation of autophagy is a protective strategy against Mn-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilu Xu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Lancheng Wei
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Shen Tang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Preclinical Medicine, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Qianqian Shi
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Bin Wu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yunfeng Zou
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xinhang Wang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Preclinical Medicine, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Qingqing Ao
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Ling Meng
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xuejing Wei
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yunqing Li
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Chunhua Lan
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Muting Chen
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiyi Li
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Cailing Lu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
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20
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Huang Y, Wen Q, Huang J, Luo M, Xiao Y, Mo R, Wang J. Manganese (II) chloride leads to dopaminergic neurotoxicity by promoting mitophagy through BNIP3-mediated oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2021; 26:23. [PMID: 34078255 PMCID: PMC8173824 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-021-00267-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Manganese overexposure can induce neurotoxicity, lead to manganism and result in clinical manifestations similar to those of parkinsonism. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. This study demonstrated that MnCl2 induces mitophagy and leads to neurotoxicity by promoting BNIP3-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Methods Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were used throughout our experiments. Cell viability was detected by cell proliferation/toxicity test kits. Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by flow cytometry. ROS generation was detected using a microplate reader. Protein levels were evaluated by Western blot. Transmission electron microscopy was used to evaluate mitochondrial morphology. Co-immunoprecipitation was used to verify the interaction between BNIP3 and LC3. Results MnCl2 led to loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells by enhancing expression of BNIP3 and conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II. Moreover, MnCl2 reduced expression of the mitochondrial marker protein TOMM20 and promoted interaction between BNIP3 and LC3. The results also indicated that a decrease in BNIP3 expression reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential loss, attenuated apoptosis and reduced mitochondrial autophagosome formation in SH-SY5Y cells after MnCl2 treatment. Finally, we found that manganese-induced ROS generation could be reversed by the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or silencing BNIP3 expression. Conclusions BNIP3 mediates MnCl2-induced mitophagy and neurotoxicity in dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells through ROS. Thus, BNIP3 contributes to manganese-induced neurotoxicity by functioning as a mitophagy receptor protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanning Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Qiaolin Wen
- Department of Neurology, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, Liuzhou, 545005, China
| | - Jinfeng Huang
- Department of Neurology, First Peoples Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Man Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yousheng Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Ruikang Mo
- Department of Neurology, First Peoples Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
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21
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Luo Y, Fu Y, Huang Z, Li M. Transition metals and metal complexes in autophagy and diseases. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7144-7158. [PMID: 33694161 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Transition metals refer to the elements in the d and ds blocks of the periodic table. Since the success of cisplatin and auranofin, transition metal-based compounds have become a prospective source for drug development, particularly in cancer treatment. In recent years, extensive studies have shown that numerous transition metal-based compounds could modulate autophagy, promising a new therapeutic strategy for metal-related diseases and the design of metal-based agents. Copper, zinc, and manganese, which are common components in physiological pathways, play important roles in the progression of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, enrichment of copper, zinc, or manganese can regulate autophagy. Thus, we summarized the current advances in elucidating the mechanisms of some metals/metal-based compounds and their functions in autophagy regulation, which is conducive to explore the intricate roles of autophagy and exploit novel therapeutic drugs for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiying Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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22
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Pajarillo E, Nyarko-Danquah I, Adinew G, Rizor A, Aschner M, Lee E. Neurotoxicity mechanisms of manganese in the central nervous system. ADVANCES IN NEUROTOXICOLOGY 2021; 5:215-238. [PMID: 34263091 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ant.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Pajarillo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Ivan Nyarko-Danquah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Getinet Adinew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Asha Rizor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Eunsook Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
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23
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Liu L, Yang S, Wang H. α-Lipoic acid alleviates ferroptosis in the MPP + -induced PC12 cells via activating the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway. Cell Biol Int 2020; 45:422-431. [PMID: 33241887 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a typical neurodegenerative disease. α-Lipoic acid (α-LA) can reduce the incidence of neuropathy. The present study explored the role and mechanism of α-LA in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+ )-induced cell model of PD. The PD model was induced via treating PC12 cells with MPP+ at different concentrations. MPP+ and α-LA effects on PC12 cells were assessed from cell viability and ferroptosis. Cell viability was detected using the cell counting kit-8 assay. Malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), iron, reactive xygen species (ROS), and glutathione (GSH) concentrations, and ferroptosis-related protein SLC7A11 and GPx4 expressions were used for ferroptosis evaluation. p-PI3K, p-Akt, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein levels were detected. The PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway inhibitors were applied to verify the role of the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway in α-LA protection against MPP+ -induced decreased cell viability and ferroptosis. MPP+ -reduced cell viability and induced ferroptosis as presented by increased MDA, 4-HNE, iron, and ROS concentrations, and reduced levels of GSH and ferroptosis marker proteins (SLC7A11 and GPx4). α-LA attenuated MPP+ -induced cell viability decline and ferroptosis. The PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway was activated after α-LA treatment. Inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway weakened the protection of α-LA against MPP+ treatment. We highlighted that α-LA alleviated MPP+ -induced cell viability decrease and ferroptosis in PC12 cells via activating the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Nankai University Affiliated Nankai Hospital, Changjiang Dao, Nankai, Tianjin, China
| | - Songqi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Nankai University Affiliated Nankai Hospital, Changjiang Dao, Nankai, Tianjin, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Nankai University Affiliated Nankai Hospital, Changjiang Dao, Nankai, Tianjin, China
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24
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Yan DY, Xu B. The Role of Autophagy in Manganese-Induced Neurotoxicity. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:574750. [PMID: 33041767 PMCID: PMC7522436 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.574750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn), an essential micronutrient, acts as a cofactor for multiple enzymes. Epidemiological investigations have shown that an excessive level of Mn is an important environmental factor involved in neurotoxicity. Frequent pollution of air and water by Mn is a serious threat to the health of the population. Overexposure to Mn is particularly detrimental to the central nervous system, leading to symptoms similar to several neurological disorders. Many different mechanisms have been implicated in Mn-induced neurotoxicity, including oxidative/nitrosative stress, toxic protein aggregation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, dysregulation of autophagy, and the apoptotic cascade, which together promote the progressive neurodegeneration of nerve cells. As a compensatory regulatory mechanism, autophagy plays dual roles in various biological activities under pathological stress conditions. Dysregulation of autophagy is involved in the development of neurodegenerative disorders, with recent emerging evidence indicating a strong, complex relationship between autophagy and Mn-induced neurotoxicity. This review discusses the connection between autophagy and Mn-induced neurotoxicity, especially alpha-synuclein oligomerization, ER stress, and aberrated protein S-nitrosylation, which will provide new insights to profoundly explore the precise mechanisms of Mn-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ying Yan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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25
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Zhang Z, Yan J, Bowman AB, Bryan MR, Singh R, Aschner M. Dysregulation of TFEB contributes to manganese-induced autophagic failure and mitochondrial dysfunction in astrocytes. Autophagy 2020; 16:1506-1523. [PMID: 31690173 PMCID: PMC7469609 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1688488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical studies have long shown that exposure to high levels of heavy metals are associated with increased risks of neurodegenerative diseases. It is widely accepted that autophagic dysfunction is involved in pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders; however, the role of heavy metals in regulation of macroautophagy/autophagy is unclear. Here, we show that manganese (Mn) induces a decline in nuclear localization of TFEB (transcription factor EB), a master regulator of the autophagy-lysosome pathway, leading to autophagic dysfunction in astrocytes of mouse striatum. We further show that Mn exposure suppresses autophagic-lysosomal degradation of mitochondria and induces accumulation of unhealthy mitochondria. Activation of autophagy by rapamycin or TFEB overexpression ameliorates Mn-induced mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in astrocytes, suggesting a causal relation between autophagic failure and mitochondrial dysfunction in Mn toxicity. Taken together, our data demonstrate that Mn inhibits TFEB activity, leading to impaired autophagy that is causally related to mitochondrial dysfunction in astrocytes. These findings reveal a previously unappreciated role for Mn in dysregulation of autophagy and identify TFEB as a potential therapeutic target to mitigate Mn toxicity. ABBREVIATIONS BECN1: beclin 1; CTSD: cathepsin D; DMEM: Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium; GFAP: glial fibrillary acid protein; GFP: green fluorescent protein; HBSS: hanks balanced salt solution; LAMP: lysosomal-associated membrane protein; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; Lys Inh: lysosomal inhibitors; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; Mn: manganese; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; OCR: oxygen consumption rate; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PFA: paraformaldehyde; PI: propidium iodide; ROS: reactive oxygen species; s.c.: subcutaneous; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TFEB: transcription factor EB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jingqi Yan
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Aaron B. Bowman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Miles R. Bryan
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Neurology and Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rajat Singh
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine
- Diabetes Research Center
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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26
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Association between Serum Essential Metal Elements and the Risk of Schizophrenia in China. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10875. [PMID: 32620780 PMCID: PMC7335092 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66496-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous essential metal elements (EMEs) are necessary to maintain the proper function of human body. In this case-control study, we investigated the associations of 11 EMEs [Calcium (Ca), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), manganese (Mn), selenium (Se), cobalt (Co), Molybdenum (Mo), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe)] in serum with the risk of schizophrenia. We recruited first-episode and drug-naïve schizophrenic patients (cases = 99) and age-sex-matched normal subjects (controls = 99) from Tangshan, Hebei Province, China. The 11 EMEs in serum from cases and controls were quantified by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We observed that a higher level of Mn (OR = 2.390; 95%CI: 1.504–3.796) and lower levels of Ca (OR = 0.939; 95%CI: 0.890–0.990), Mg (OR = 0.806; 95%CI: 0.669–0.972), Na (OR = 0.995; 95%CI: 0.993–0.998), and Se (OR = 0.954; 95%CI: 0.937–0.972) were associated with an elevated risk of schizophrenia. Dose–response relationships between serum EME concentrations and the risk of schizophrenia were observed in most of the schizophrenia-associated EMEs. Moreover, the serum concentrations of these schizophrenia-associated EMEs in patients were correlated with the severity of their clinical symptoms. Significant correlations were found between EMEs and biomarkers associated with schizophrenia related to metabolic and oxidative stress. This study suggested that the concentration and profile of EMEs were different between schizophrenic patients and normal controls and revealed potential metabolisms associated with EMEs and schizophrenia, suggesting EMEs might act as biomarkers of schizophrenia to improve the current situation of diagnosis and treatment.
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27
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Porte Alcon S, Gorojod RM, Kotler ML. Kinetic and protective role of autophagy in manganese-exposed BV-2 cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118787. [PMID: 32592735 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) plays an important role in many physiological processes. Nevertheless, Mn accumulation in the brain can cause a parkinsonian-like syndrome known as manganism. Unfortunately, the therapeutic options for this disease are scarce and of limited efficacy. For this reason, a great effort is being made to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in Mn toxicity in neuronal and glial cells. Even though evidence indicates that Mn activates autophagy in microglia, the consequences of this activation in cell death remain unknown. In this study, we demonstrated a key role of reactive oxygen species in Mn-induced damage in microglial cells. These species generated by Mn2+ induce lysosomal alterations, LMP, cathepsins release and cell death. Besides, we described for the first time the kinetic of Mn2+-induced autophagy in BV-2 microglial cells and its relevance to cell fate. We found that Mn promotes a time-dependent increase in LC3-II and p62 expression levels, suggesting autophagy activation. Possibly, cells trigger autophagy to neutralize the risks associated with lysosomal rupture. In addition, pre-treatment with both Rapamycin and Melatonin enhanced autophagy and retarded Mn2+ cytotoxicity. In summary, our results demonstrated that, despite the damage inflicted on a subset of lysosomes, the autophagic pathway plays a protective role in Mn-induced microglial cell death. We propose that 2 h Mn2+ exposure will not induce disturbances in the autophagic flux. However, as time passes, the accumulated damage inside the cell could trigger a dysfunction of this mechanism. These findings may represent a valuable contribution to future research concerning manganism therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Porte Alcon
- CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio de Disfunción Celular en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y Nanomedicina. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Roxana Mayra Gorojod
- CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio de Disfunción Celular en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y Nanomedicina. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Mónica Lidia Kotler
- CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Química Biológica Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio de Disfunción Celular en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas y Nanomedicina. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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28
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Bryan MR, O'Brien MT, Nordham KD, Rose DIR, Foshage AM, Joshi P, Nitin R, Uhouse MA, Di Pardo A, Zhang Z, Maglione V, Aschner M, Bowman AB. Acute manganese treatment restores defective autophagic cargo loading in Huntington's disease cell lines. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:3825-3841. [PMID: 31600787 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular etiology linking the pathogenic mutations in the Huntingtin (Htt) gene with Huntington's disease (HD) is unknown. Prior work suggests a role for Htt in neuronal autophagic function and mutant HTT protein disrupts autophagic cargo loading. Reductions in the bioavailability of the essential metal manganese (Mn) are seen in models of HD. Excess cellular Mn impacts autophagic function, but the target and molecular basis of these changes are unknown. Thus, we sought to determine if changes in cellular Mn status impact autophagic processes in a wild-type or mutant Htt-dependent manner. We report that the HD genotype is associated with reduced Mn-induced autophagy and that acute Mn exposure increases autophagosome induction/formation. To determine if a deficit in bioavailable Mn is mechanistically linked to the autophagy-related HD cellular phenotypes, we examined autophagosomes by electron microscopy. We observed that a 24 h 100 uM Mn restoration treatment protocol attenuated an established HD 'cargo-recognition failure' in the STHdh HD model cells by increasing the percentage of filled autophagosomes. Mn restoration had no effect on HTT aggregate number, but a 72 h co-treatment with chloroquine (CQ) in GFP-72Q-expressing HEK293 cells increased the number of visible aggregates in a dose-dependent manner. As CQ prevents autophagic degradation this indicates that Mn restoration in HD cell models facilitates incorporation of aggregates into autophagosomes. Together, these findings suggest that defective Mn homeostasis in HD models is upstream of the impaired autophagic flux and provide proof-of-principle support for increasing bioavailable Mn in HD to restore autophagic function and promote aggregate clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles R Bryan
- Department of Pediatrics.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute.,Department of Neurology and Biochemistry
| | - Michael T O'Brien
- Department of Pediatrics.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute.,Department of Neurology and Biochemistry
| | - Kristen D Nordham
- Department of Pediatrics.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute.,Department of Neurology and Biochemistry
| | - Daniel I R Rose
- Department of Pediatrics.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute.,Department of Neurology and Biochemistry
| | | | - Piyush Joshi
- Department of Pediatrics.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute.,Department of Neurology and Biochemistry
| | - Rachana Nitin
- Department of Pediatrics.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute.,Department of Neurology and Biochemistry
| | - Michael A Uhouse
- Department of Pediatrics.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute.,Department of Neurology and Biochemistry
| | | | - Ziyan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | | | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- Department of Pediatrics.,Vanderbilt Brain Institute.,Department of Neurology and Biochemistry.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology.,Vanderbilt Kennedy Center.,Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA.,Purdue University, School of Health Sciences, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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29
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Autophagy in trimethyltin-induced neurodegeneration. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:987-998. [PMID: 32451631 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02210-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a degradative process playing an important role in removing misfolded or aggregated proteins, clearing damaged organelles, such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, as well as eliminating intracellular pathogens. The autophagic process is important for balancing sources of energy at critical developmental stages and in response to nutrient stress. Recently, autophagy has been involved in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases although its beneficial (pro-survival) or detrimental (pro-death) role remains controversial. In the present review, we discuss the role of autophagy following intoxication with trimethyltin (TMT), an organotin compound that induces severe hippocampal neurodegeneration associated with astrocyte and microglia activation. TMT is considered a useful tool to study the molecular mechanisms occurring in human neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and temporal lobe epilepsy. This is also relevant in the field of environmental safety, since organotin compounds are used as heat stabilizers in polyvinyl chloride polymers, industrial and agricultural biocides, and as industrial chemical catalysts.
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30
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Pyrroloquinoline Quinine and LY294002 Changed Cell Cycle and Apoptosis by Regulating PI3K-AKT-GSK3β Pathway in SH-SY5Y Cells. Neurotox Res 2020; 38:266-273. [PMID: 32385839 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00210-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To verify the role of PI3K-AKT-GSK3β pathway during manganese (Mn)-induced cell death, apoptosis, related indicators were investigated. SH-SY5Y cells were directly exposed to different concentrations of MnCl2. Then, cell viability, apoptosis, necrosis rate, and cell cycle were detected by MTT, FITC Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit with PI and PI staining. Then, in two intervention groups, cells were preconditioned with agonist (PQQ) and suppressant (LY294002). The cell viability decreased with a dose-response relationship (p < 0.05), while apoptosis and necrosis increased (p < 0.05). The ratio of G0/G1 and G2/M also decreased, but the percentage of S phase increased (p < 0.05). During above process, PI3K-AKT-GSK3β pathway was involved by regulating the expression of PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, and GSK3β (p < 0.05). For further research, cell cycle and apoptosis were detected pretreatment with PQQ and LY294002 before Mn exposure. The result showed cell ability, apoptosis, and necrosis rate changed obviously compared with non-pretreated group (p < 0.05). The variance of G0/G1 and G2/M ratio and percentage of S phase were also different, especially in 2.0 mM (p < 0.05). Mn can cause apoptosis and necrosis, varying cell cycle of SH-SY5Y cells, which could be changed by PQQ and LY294002 by regulating PI3K-AKT-GSK3β pathway.
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31
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Nakagawa Y, Yamada S. Metal homeostasis disturbances in neurodegenerative disorders, with special emphasis on Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease - Potential pathogenetic mechanism and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 207:107455. [PMID: 31863817 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is characterized by a rapidly progressive dementia often accompanied by myoclonus and other signs of brain dysfunction, relying on the conversion of the normal cellular form of the prion protein (PrPC) to a misfolded form (PrPSc). The neuropathological changes include spongiform degeneration, neuronal loss, astrogliosis, and deposition of PrPSc. It is still unclear how these pathological changes correlate with the development of CJD symptoms because few patients survive beyond 2 years after diagnosis. Inasmuch as the symptoms of CJD overlap some of those observed in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases, there may be some underlying pathologic mechanisms associated with CJD that may contribute to the symptoms of non-prion neurodegenerative diseases as well. Data suggest that imbalance of metals, including copper, zinc, iron, and manganese, induces abnormalities in processing and degradation of prion proteins that are accompanied by self-propagation of PrPSc. These events appear to be responsible for glutamatergic synaptic dysfunctions, neuronal death, and PrPSc aggregation. Given that the prodromal symptoms of CJD such as sleep disturbances and mood disorders are associated with brain stem and limbic system dysfunction, the pathological changes may initially occur in these brain regions, then spread throughout the entire brain. Alterations in cerebrospinal fluid homeostasis, which may be linked to imbalance of these metals, seem to be more important than neuroinflammation in causing the cell death. It is proposed that metal dyshomeostasis could be responsible for the initiation and progression of the pathological changes associated with symptoms of CJD and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Nakagawa
- Center for Pharma-Food Research (CPFR), Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Integrative Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Shizuo Yamada
- Center for Pharma-Food Research (CPFR), Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Integrative Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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32
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Ijomone OM, Aluko OM, Okoh COA, Martins AC, Aschner M. Role for calcium signaling in manganese neurotoxicity. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 56:146-155. [PMID: 31470248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium is an essential macronutrient that is involved in many cellular processes. Homeostatic control of intracellular levels of calcium ions [Ca2+] is vital to maintaining cellular structure and function. Several signaling molecules are involved in regulating Ca2+ levels in cells and perturbation of calcium signaling processes is implicated in several neurodegenerative and neurologic conditions. Manganese [Mn] is a metal which is essential for basic physiological functions. However, overexposure to Mn from environmental contamination and workplace hazards is a global concern. Mn overexposure leads to its accumulation in several human organs particularly the brain. Mn accumulation in the brain results in a manganism, a Parkinsonian-like syndrome. Additionally, Mn is a risk factor for several neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Mn neurotoxicity also affects several neurotransmitter systems including dopaminergic, cholinergic and GABAergic. The mechanisms of Mn neurotoxicity are still being elucidated. AIM The review will highlight a potential role for calcium signaling molecules in the mechanisms of Mn neurotoxicity. CONCLUSION Ca2+ regulation influences the neurodegenerative process and there is possible role for perturbed calcium signaling in Mn neurotoxicity. Mechanisms implicated in Mn-induced neurodegeneration include oxidative stress, generation of free radicals, and apoptosis. These are influenced by mitochondrial integrity which can be dependent on intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Nevertheless, further elucidation of the direct effects of calcium signaling dysfunction and calcium-binding proteins activities in Mn neurotoxicity is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omamuyovwi M Ijomone
- The Neuro- Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo, Nigeria.
| | - Oritoke M Aluko
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Comfort O A Okoh
- The Neuro- Lab, Department of Human Anatomy, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Airton Cunha Martins
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
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Hernandez-Baltazar D, Nadella R, Mireya Zavala-Flores L, Rosas-Jarquin CDJ, Rovirosa-Hernandez MDJ, Villanueva-Olivo A. Four main therapeutic keys for Parkinson's disease: A mini review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 22:716-721. [PMID: 32373291 PMCID: PMC7196346 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.33659.8025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by motor and cognitive dysfunctions. The progressive degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons that are present in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) has been the main focus of study and PD therapies since ages. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this manuscript, a systematic revision of experimental and clinical evidence of PD-associated cell process was conducted. RESULTS Classically, the damage in the dopaminergic neuronal circuits of SNpc is favored by reactive oxidative/nitrosative stress, leading to cell death. Interestingly, the therapy for PD has only focused on avoiding the symptom progression but not in finding a complete reversion of the disease. Recent evidence suggests that the renin-angiotensin system imbalance and neuroinflammation are the main keys in the progression of experimental PD. CONCLUSION The progression of neurodegeneration in SNpc is due to the complex interaction of multiple processes. In this review, we analyzed the main contribution of four cellular processes and discussed in the perspective of novel experimental approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rasajna Nadella
- IIIT Srikakulam, Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies (RGUKT); International collaboration ID:1840; India
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Lin T, Ruan S, Huang D, Meng X, Li W, Wang B, Zou F. MeHg-induced autophagy via JNK/Vps34 complex pathway promotes autophagosome accumulation and neuronal cell death. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:399. [PMID: 31113939 PMCID: PMC6529499 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1632-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg), an environmental toxin, may specifically cause neurological disorders. Recent studies have reported that autophagy can be induced by metals and be involved in metal cytotoxicity. However, the role of autophagy in MeHg-induced neurotoxicity remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that MeHg induces mTOR-independent autophagy through JNK/Vps34 complex pathway, which further promotes autophagosome accumulation and neuronal cell death. In addition to cell death, MeHg increased LC3-II expression in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in neuronal cells; furthermore, western blot analysis of LC3-II expression under baf A1-treated condition indicates that MeHg activates autophagy induction. However, we found lysosomal degradative function was impaired by MeHg. Under this condition, MeHg-activated autophagy induction would elicit autophagosome accumulation and cell death. Consistent with this inference, the autophagy inhibitor decreased the MeHg-induced autophagosome accumulation and neuronal cells death, whereas the autophagy inducers further augmented MeHg cytotoxicity. Then, the mechanism of autophagy induction is investigated. We show that MeHg-induced autophagy is mTOR-independent. Vacuolar protein sorting 34 (Vps34) complex is critical for mTOR-independent autophagy. MeHg induced the interaction between Beclin1 and Vps34 to form Vps34 complex. Importantly, knockdown of Vps34 inhibited autophagy induction by MeHg. Furthermore, we found that JNK, but not p38 or ERK, promoted the formation of Vps34 complex and autophagy induction. Finally, inhibition of JNK or downregulation of Vps34 decreased autophagosome accumulation and alleviated MeHg-induced neuronal cell death. The present study implies that inhibiting JNK/Vps34 complex autophagy induction pathway may be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of MeHg-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianji Lin
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shijuan Ruan
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dingbang Huang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojing Meng
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Ma J, Zhang Y, Ji H, Chen L, Chen T, Guo C, Zhang S, Jia J, Niu P. Overexpression of miR-138-5p suppresses MnCl 2 -induced autophagy by targeting SIRT1 in SH-SY5Y cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:539-547. [PMID: 30672645 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of manganism caused by manganese (Mn), an important environmental risk factor for Parkinson's disease, is still unclear. Recent evidence suggested that autophagy participated in neurodegenerative diseases, in which microRNA played a crucial role. However, roles of microRNA in the aberrant autophagy that occurs in neurodegenerative diseases remains controversial. In nervous system, miRNA-138-5p is highly expressed and plays a key role in regulating memory and axon regeneration. Importantly, we also found that miR-138-5p expression decreased significantly after SH-SY5Y cells exposed to manganese chloride (MnCl2 ) in previous study. To explore the role of miR-138-5p in Mn-induced autophagy, autophagy associated indicators were detected. And we found that MnCl2 could induce autophagic dysregulation and inhibit expression of miR-138-5p. While the levels of LC3-II/LC3-I, Beclin1, and p62, the number of autophagosome formation significantly decreased after miR-138-5p over-expression, which demonstrated that miR-138-5p could clearly retard Mn-induced autophagy. In additional, we found there were classical and evolutionarily conserved miR-138-5p binding sites in 3'-UTR region of SIRT1, which was inhibited when overexpression of miR-138-5p. Therefore, it was speculated that elevated expression of SIRT1 may be resulted from inhibition of miR-138-5p after cells exposed to MnCl2 . Finally, we found that SIRT1 inhibitor EX-527 suppressed Mn-induced autophagy as well as miR-138-5p, while the suppression was reversed by SIRT1-specific activator SRT1720. These results indicated that overexpression of miR-138-5p suppressed Mn-induced autophagy by targeting SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiang Ma
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyun Ji
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Caixia Guo
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shixuan Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Jia
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Piye Niu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Chen P, Totten M, Zhang Z, Bucinca H, Erikson K, Santamaría A, Bowma AB, Aschner M. Iron and manganese-related CNS toxicity: mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:243-260. [PMID: 30759034 PMCID: PMC6422746 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1581608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) are essential nutrients for humans. They act as cofactors for a variety of enzymes. In the central nervous system (CNS), these two metals are involved in diverse neurological activities. Dyshomeostasis may interfere with the critical enzymatic activities, hence altering the neurophysiological status and resulting in neurological diseases. Areas covered: In this review, the authors cover the molecular mechanisms of Fe/Mn-induced toxicity and neurological diseases, as well as the diagnosis and potential treatment. Given that both Fe and Mn are abundant in the earth crust, nutritional deficiency is rare. In this review the authors focus on the neurological disorders associated with Mn and Fe overload. Expert commentary: Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are the primary molecular mechanism that mediates Fe/Mn-induced neurotoxicity. Although increased Fe or Mn concentrations have been found in brain of patients, it remains controversial whether the elevated metal amounts are the primary cause or secondary consequence of neurological diseases. Currently, treatments are far from satisfactory, although chelation therapy can significantly decrease brain Fe and Mn levels. Studies to determine the primary cause and establish the molecular mechanism of toxicity may help to adapt more comprehensive and satisfactory treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Chen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Melissa Totten
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Ziyan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Hana Bucinca
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Keith Erikson
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Abel Santamaría
- Laboratory of Excitatory Amino Acids, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aaron B. Bowma
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Yan DY, Liu C, Tan X, Ma Z, Wang C, Deng Y, Liu W, Xu ZF, Xu B. Mn-Induced Neurocytes Injury and Autophagy Dysfunction in Alpha-Synuclein Wild-Type and Knock-Out Mice: Highlighting the Role of Alpha-Synuclein. Neurotox Res 2019; 36:66-80. [PMID: 30796692 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Overexposure to manganese (Mn) is an important environmental risk factor for Parkinsonian-like symptoms referred to as manganism. Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) oligomerization is a major cause in Mn-induced neurotoxicity. Autophagy, as an adjust response to control intracellular protein homeostasis, is involved in the degradation of α-Syn monomers or oligomers. Furthermore, autophagy dysregulation is also related to development of neurodegenerative disorders. Hence, we speculated that there was an interaction effect between α-Syn oligomerization and autophagy upon Mn exposure. In this study, we applied α-Syn gene knockout mice (α-Syn-/-) and wild-type mice (α-Syn+/+) treated with three different concentrations of MnCl2 (50, 100, and 200 μmol/kg) to elucidate the physiological role of α-Syn in Mn-induced autophagy dysregulation and neurocytes injury. We found that activation of chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) pathway by Mn was independent of α-Syn. Additionally, α-Syn could ameliorate excessive autophagy induced by high dose Mn (200 μmol/kg). Next, we used 5 mg/kg Rapamycin (Rap) or 3-methyladenine (3-MA) to regulate autophagy. The study revealed that autophagy is involved in Mn-induced α-Syn oligomerization and neurocytes injury. Taken together, these findings indicated that α-Syn oligomerization might be the major responsible for the Mn-induced autophagy dysregulation and neurocytes injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ying Yan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Tan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Ma
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Fa Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, People's Republic of China.
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Aivazidis S, Anderson CC, Roede JR. Toxicant-mediated redox control of proteostasis in neurodegeneration. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2019; 13:22-34. [PMID: 31602419 PMCID: PMC6785977 DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Disruption in redox signaling and control of cellular processes has emerged as a key player in many pathologies including neurodegeneration. As protein aggregations are a common hallmark of several neuronal pathologies, a firm understanding of the interplay between redox signaling, oxidative and free radical stress, and proteinopathies is required to sort out the complex mechanisms in these diseases. Fortunately, models of toxicant-induced neurodegeneration can be utilized to evaluate and report mechanistic alterations in the proteostasis network (PN). The epidemiological links between environmental toxicants and neurological disease gives further credence into characterizing the toxicant-mediated PN disruptions observed in these conditions. Reviewed here are examples of mechanistic interaction between oxidative or free radical stress and PN alterations. Additionally, investigations into toxicant-mediated PN disruptions, specifically focusing on environmental metals and pesticides, are discussed. Finally, we emphasize the need to distinguish whether the presence of protein aggregations are contributory to phenotypes related to neurodegeneration, or if they are a byproduct of PN deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Aivazidis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Colin C Anderson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - James R Roede
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
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Yan D, Ma Z, Liu C, Wang C, Deng Y, Liu W, Xu B. Corynoxine B ameliorates HMGB1-dependent autophagy dysfunction during manganese exposure in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 124:336-348. [PMID: 30578841 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) has recently come into the limelight as an important environmental risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders. Although multiple neurotoxicity of Mn have been extensively studied, the exact mechanism of Mn-induced autophagic dysregulation is still poorly understood. The main aim of this study was to explore the role of cytosolic high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)-dependent autophagy in Mn-induced autophagic dysregulation and neurotoxicity. SH-SY5Y cells were treated with culture solution (control) and three different concentrations of Mn (50, 100, and 200 μM) for 24 h to detect the effect of Mn on HMGB1-dependent autophagy. We found Mn could increase the HMGB1 mRNA level and its cytosolic translocation and dysregulate autophagy, and Mn-induced alpha-synuclein overexpression interfered with the interaction of HMGB1 and Beclin1, to subsequently promote Beclin1 binding to Bcl2. Another important finding was the neuroprotective role of corynoxine B (Cory B) in Mn-induced autophagic dysregulation and neurotoxicity. We set up six experimental groups: control (culture solution); 200 μM Mn treatment; 100 μM Cory B-alone treatment; and three different pretreated concentrations of Cory B (25, 50, and 100 μM). Our results showed that Cory B ameliorated Mn-induced autophagic dysregulation and neurotoxicity partly by dissociating HMGB1 from alpha-synuclein and inhibiting mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongying Yan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Zhuo Ma
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Can Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China.
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, P.R. China
- The second people’s Hospital of Qixingguan District, Bijie, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuyan Cen
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, P.R. China
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Pellacani C, Costa LG. Role of autophagy in environmental neurotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 235:791-805. [PMID: 29353798 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to neurotoxic pollutants (e.g. metals, pesticides and other chemicals) is recognized as a key risk factor in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Emerging evidence indicates that an alteration in autophagic pathways may be correlated with the onset of the neurotoxicity resulting from chronic exposure to these pollutants. In fact, autophagy is a natural process that permits to preserving cell homeostasis, through the seizure and degradation of the cytosolic damaged elements. However, when an excessive level of intracellular damage is reached, the autophagic process may also induce cell death. A correct modulation of specific stages of autophagy is important to maintain the correct balance in the organism. In this review, we highlight the critical role that autophagy plays in neurotoxicity induced by the most common classes of environmental contaminants. The understanding of this mechanism may be helpful to discover a potential therapeutic strategy to reduce side effects induced by these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pellacani
- Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - L G Costa
- Dept. of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Dept. of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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42
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Role of LRRK2 in manganese-induced neuroinflammation and microglial autophagy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 498:171-177. [PMID: 29408508 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Overexposure to manganese (Mn) leads to manganism and neurotoxicity induced by Mn is the focus of recent research. Microglia play a vital role in Mn-induced neurotoxicity, and our previous studies firstly showed that Mn could stimulate activation of microglia, leading to the neuroinflammation, and inhibition of microglial inflammation effectively attenuated Mn-induced death of dopamine neurons. However, the detailed mechanism of manganese-induced neuroinflammation is still unclear. Leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a key molecule in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative disorders. Recent studies have indicated that LRRK2, which is highly expressed in microglia, plays a specific role in microglia and autophagy process. In this paper, we try to find the effect of LRRK2 on Mn-triggered neuroinflammation and its possible mechanism in vivo and in vitro. By establishing a Mn exposure animal model, our studies found that Mn exposure could induce dopaminergic neurons damage and activate microglia. Activated microglia triggered neuroinflammation by releasing multiple inflammatory cytokines, and the expression of LRRK2 was upregulated in vivo and in vitro. We also found that Mn exposure induced autophagy dysfunction in vivo and in vitro. Next, we used LRRK2 siRNA and LRRK2-IN-1 to inhibit the expression of LRRK2, and found that inhibition of LRRK2 could not only decrease the expression of inflammatory cytokines, but also recover autophagic function of microglia. Our investigation not only reveals the role of LRRK2 in Mn-induced neuroinflammation but also sheds light on the prevention and protection of manganism.
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Zhou Q, Fu X, Wang X, Wu Q, Lu Y, Shi J, Klaunig JE, Zhou S. Autophagy plays a protective role in Mn-induced toxicity in PC12 cells. Toxicology 2017; 394:45-53. [PMID: 29222055 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Excessive environmental or occupational exposure to manganese (Mn) is associated with increased risk of neuron degenerative disorders. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are the main mechanisms of Mn mediated neurotoxicity. Selective removal of damaged mitochondria by autophagy has been proposed as a protective mechanism against neuronal toxicant-induced neurotoxicity. Whether autophagic flux plays a role in Mn-induced cytotoxicity remains to be fully elucidated. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of Mn exposure on autophagy, and how modulation of autophagic flux alters the sensitivities of cells to Mn-elicited cytotoxicity. Rat adrenal pheochromocytoma PC12 cells were treated with Mn for 24h to establish a cellular mode of Mn toxicity. Treatment of cells with Mn resulted in increased expression of autophagic marker LC3-II protein, as well as accumulation of p62, indicating an interference of autophagy flux caused by Mn. Pre-incubation of cells with antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) or resveratrol improved cell survival, accompanied by decreased LC3-II expression and increased expression level of p62, suggesting a down regulation of autophagy flux. To further determine the role of autophagy in Mn-induced cytotoxicity, the effect of chloroquine and rapamycin on cell viability was examined. Inhibition of autophagy flux by chloroquine exacerbated Mn-induced cytotoxicity, while induction of autophagy by rapamycin significantly reduced cell death caused by Mn. Furthermore, it was found that rapamycin, NAC and resveratrol improved cellular oxygen consumption accompanied by a decrease in cellular ROS generation and increase in GSH level, while chloroquine suppressed cellular respiration and deteriorated cellular oxidative stress. Collectively, these results demonstrate that autophagy plays a protective role in Mn-induced cell toxicity. Antioxidants NAC and resveratrol confer protective role in Mn toxicity mainly through maintaining mitochondrial dynamics and function, other than a modulation of autophagy flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhou
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical College, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Fu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical College, Guizhou, China
| | - Xueting Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical College, Guizhou, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical College, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuanfu Lu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical College, Guizhou, China
| | - Jingshan Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical College, Guizhou, China
| | - James E Klaunig
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Shaoyu Zhou
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical College, Guizhou, China; Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.
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44
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Ma Z, Wang C, Liu C, Yan DY, Deng Y, Liu W, Yang TY, Xu ZF, Xu B. The role S-nitrosylation in manganese-induced autophagy dysregulation in SH-SY5Y cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:2428-2439. [PMID: 28856835 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Overexposure to manganese (Mn) has been known to induce nitrosative stress. The dysregulation of autophagy has implicated in nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity alterations. However, the mechanism of Mn-induced autophagic dysregulation is unclear. The protein of Bcl-2 was considered as a key role that could participate to the autophagy signaling regulation. To further explore whether S-nitrosylation of Bcl-2 involved in Mn-induced autophagy dysregulation, we treated human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells with Mn and pretreated cells with 1400 W, a selective iNOS inhibitor. After cells were treated with 400 μM Mn for 24 h, there were significant increases in production of NO, inducible NO synthase (iNOS) activity, the mRNA and protein expressions of iNOS. Interestingly, autophagy was activated after cells were treated with Mn for 0-12 h; while the degradation process of autophagy-lysosome pathway was blocked after cells were treated with Mn for 24 h. Moreover, S-nitrosylated JNK and Bcl-2 also increased and phospho-JNK and phospho-Bcl-2 reduced in Mn-treated cells. Then, the affinity between Bcl-2 and Beclin-1 increased significantly in Mn-treated cells. We used the 1400 W to neutralize Mn-induced nitrosative stress. The results showed that S-nitrosylated JNK and Bcl-2 reduced while their phosphorylation were recovered to some extent. The findings revealed that NO-mediated S-nitrosylation of Bcl-2 directly affected the interaction between Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 leading to autophagy inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Ma
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong-Ying Yan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Yao Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Fa Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, People's Republic of China
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Pfalzer AC, Bowman AB. Relationships Between Essential Manganese Biology and Manganese Toxicity in Neurological Disease. Curr Environ Health Rep 2017; 4:223-228. [PMID: 28417441 PMCID: PMC5515274 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-017-0136-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Manganese (Mn) is critical for neurodevelopment but also has been implicated in the pathophysiology of several neurological diseases. We discuss how Mn requirements intersect with Mn biology and toxicity, and how these requirements may be altered in neurological disease. Furthermore, we discuss the emerging evidence that the level of Mn associated with optimal overall efficiency for Mn biology does not necessarily coincide with optimal cognitive outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Studies have linked Mn exposures with urea cycle metabolism and autophagy, with evidence that exposures typically neurotoxic may be able to correct deficiencies in these processes at least short term. The line between Mn-dependent biology and toxicity is thus blurred. Further, new work suggests that Mn exposures correlating to optimal cognitive scores in children are associated with cognitive decline in adults. This review explores relationships between Mn-dependent neurobiology and Mn-dependent neurotoxicity. We propose the hypothesis that Mn levels/exposures that are toxic to some biological processes are beneficial for other biological processes and influenced by developmental stage and disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Pfalzer
- Departments of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- Departments of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC), Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Kennedy Center for Research and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Wang D, Zhang J, Jiang W, Cao Z, Zhao F, Cai T, Aschner M, Luo W. The role of NLRP3-CASP1 in inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation and autophagy dysfunction in manganese-induced, hippocampal-dependent impairment of learning and memory ability. Autophagy 2017; 13:914-927. [PMID: 28318352 PMCID: PMC5446056 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1293766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) inflammation and autophagy dysfunction are known to be involved in the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. Manganese (Mn), a neurotoxic metal, has the potential to induce microglia-mediated neuroinflammation as well as autophagy dysfunction. NLRP3 (NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3)- CASP1 (caspase 1) inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation in microglia has specific relevance to neurological diseases. However, the mechanism driving these phenomena remains poorly understood. We demonstrate that Mn activates the NLRP3-CASP1 inflammasome pathway in the hippocampus of mice and BV2 cells by triggering autophagy-lysosomal dysfunction. The autophagy-lysosomal dysfunction is induced by lysosomal damage caused by excessive Mn accumulation, damaging the structure and normal function of these organelles. Additionally, we show that the release of lysosomal CTSB (cathepsin B) plays an important role in Mn-induced NLRP3-CASP1 inflammasome activation, and that the increased autophagosomes in the cytoplasm are not the main cause of NLRP3-CASP1 inflammasome activation. The accumulation of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL1B (interleukin 1 β) and IL18 (interleukin 18), as well as the dysfunctional autophagy pathway may damage hippocampal neuronal cells, thus leading to hippocampal-dependent impairment in learning and memory, which is associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Diya Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenkai Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry & Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zipeng Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fang Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tongjian Cai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Wenjing Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Nielsen BS, Larsen EH, Ladefoged O, Lam HR. Subchronic, Low-Level Intraperitoneal Injections of Manganese (IV) Oxide and Manganese (II) Chloride Affect Rat Brain Neurochemistry. Int J Toxicol 2017; 36:239-251. [PMID: 28460583 DOI: 10.1177/1091581817704378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is neurotoxic and can induce manganism, a Parkinson-like disease categorized as being a serious central nervous system irreversible neurodegenerative disease. An increased risk of developing symptoms of Parkinson disease has been linked to work-related exposure, for example, for workers in agriculture, horticulture, and people living near areas with frequent use of Mn-containing pesticides. In this study, the focus was placed on neurochemical effects of Mn. Rats were dosed intraperitoneally with 0.9% NaCl (control), 1.22 mg Mn (as MnO2)/kg bodyweight (bw)/day, or 2.5 mg Mn (as MnCl2)/kg bw/day for 7 d/wk for 8 or 12 weeks. This dosing regimen adds relevant new knowledge about Mn neurotoxicity as a consequence of low-dose subchronic Mn dosing. Manganese concentrations increased in the striatum, the rest of the brain, and in plasma, and regional brain neurotransmitter concentrations, including noradrenaline, dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytrytamine, glutamate, taurine, and γ-amino butyric acid, and the activity of acetylcholinesterase changed. Importantly, a target parameter for Parkinson disease and manganism, the striatal DA concentration, was reduced after 12 weeks of dosing with MnCl2. Plasma prolactin concentration was not significantly affected due to a potentially reduced dopaminergic inhibition of the prolactin release from the anterior hypophysis. No effects on the striatal α-synuclein and synaptophysin protein levels were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik H Larsen
- 2 Division of Food Production, National Food Institute, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Ole Ladefoged
- 3 Division of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, National Food Institute, Søborg, Denmark
| | - Henrik R Lam
- 1 Environment and Toxicology, DHI, Hørsholm, Denmark
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48
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Sahni S, Bae DH, Jansson PJ, Richardson DR. The mechanistic role of chemically diverse metal ions in the induction of autophagy. Pharmacol Res 2017; 119:118-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Bryan MR, Bowman AB. Manganese and the Insulin-IGF Signaling Network in Huntington's Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 18:113-142. [PMID: 28889265 PMCID: PMC6559248 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-60189-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease resulting in motor impairment and death in patients. Recently, several studies have demonstrated insulin or insulin-like growth factor (IGF) treatment in models of HD, resulting in potent amelioration of HD phenotypes via modulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. Administration of IGF and insulin can rescue microtubule transport, metabolic function, and autophagy defects, resulting in clearance of Huntingtin (HTT) aggregates, restoration of mitochondrial function, amelioration of motor abnormalities, and enhanced survival. Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal to all biological systems but, in excess, can be toxic. Interestingly, several studies have revealed the insulin-mimetic effects of Mn-demonstrating Mn can activate several of the same metabolic kinases and increase peripheral and neuronal insulin and IGF-1 levels in rodent models. Separate studies have shown mouse and human striatal neuroprogenitor cell (NPC) models exhibit a deficit in cellular Mn uptake, indicative of a Mn deficiency. Furthermore, evidence from the literature reveals a striking overlap between cellular consequences of Mn deficiency (i.e., impaired function of Mn-dependent enzymes) and known HD endophenotypes including excitotoxicity, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and decreased mitochondrial function. Here we review published evidence supporting a hypothesis that (1) the potent effect of IGF or insulin treatment on HD models, (2) the insulin-mimetic effects of Mn, and (3) the newly discovered Mn-dependent perturbations in HD may all be functionally related. Together, this review will present the intriguing possibility that intricate regulatory cross-talk exists between Mn biology and/or toxicology and the insulin/IGF signaling pathways which may be deeply connected to HD pathology and, perhaps, other neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) and other neuropathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles R Bryan
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Aaron B Bowman
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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50
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Chen P, Culbreth M, Aschner M. Exposure, epidemiology, and mechanism of the environmental toxicant manganese. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:13802-13810. [PMID: 27102617 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6687-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
It has become increasingly apparent that global manganese (Mn) pollution to air and water is a significant threat to human health. Despite this recognition, research is only beginning to comprehend the detrimental effects of exposure. Mn, while essential, is particularly harmful to the central nervous system, and overexposure is symptomatic of several neurological disorders. At-risk populations have been identified, but it is still unclear whether typical exposure levels have any long-term consequences. Those at an elevated risk have diminished intellectual function, learning and memory, and mental development. While the overall mechanism of toxicity is undetermined, Mn has been found to induce oxidative stress, exacerbate mitochondrial dysfunction, dysregulate autophagy, and promote apoptosis, ultimately enhancing neurodegeneration. Extrapolation of this in vitro and in vivo data to humans is difficult. There is a definite need to correlate epidemiological studies with causative effects. It is imperative that research efforts endure, so threats are appropriately identified and exposure properly regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Chen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Forchheimer Building, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Megan Culbreth
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Forchheimer Building, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Forchheimer Building, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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