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Wang M, He Z, Xiong Z, Liu H, Zhou X, He J. Effects of dietary supplementation of grape seed extract in comparison with excessive level of vitamin E on growth performance and antioxidant function of broilers. Anim Biotechnol 2024; 35:2331640. [PMID: 38526422 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2024.2331640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin E (VE) or grape seed extract (GSE) on the growth performance and antioxidant function of broilers. Two hundred sixteen broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 3 diets: diet supplemented with oxidized rice bran oil (CN group), CN group with 25 mg/kg VE or 100 mg/kg GSE. Dietary VE or GSE improved the growth performance, reverted the disturbed levels of liver antioxidant enzymes, and reduced liver damage of broilers fed oxidized rice bran oil. The mRNA data showed that supplementation of VE or GSE enhanced the antioxidant capacity of the broiler liver through activation of the Keap1-Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. The results suggested that VE and GSE can increase weight gain, improve the oxidative status, and alleviate liver injury in broiler chicken fed oxidized rice bran oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Wang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Zongze He
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhaolong Xiong
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian He
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
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Antonopoulos SR, Garten DA, Durham PL. Dietary supplementation with grape seed extract from Vitus vinifera prevents suppression of GABAergic protein expression in female Sprague Dawley trigeminal ganglion in a model of chronic temporomandibular joint disorder. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 165:106014. [PMID: 38833771 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate cellular changes in protein expression in the trigeminal ganglion in an established preclinical chronic model of temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) in response to grape seed extract (GSE) supplementation based on its beneficial use in preclinical chronic orofacial pain models. DESIGN Three experimental conditions included female Sprague-Dawley rats as naïve controls, and animals subjected to neck muscle inflammation and prolonged jaw opening with and without daily supplementation of GSE in the drinking water prior to inflammation. Changes were evaluated in mechanical sensitivity to von Frey filaments and protein expression in the trigeminal ganglion of animals 14 days post jaw opening. RESULTS Calcitonin-gene related peptide and protein kinase A, proteins positively associated with peripheral sensitization and enhanced nociception, did not show elevated expression at day 14 in the model compared to naïve or GSE supplemented animals. However, neuronal levels of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) 65/67, which are enzymes responsible for the synthesis of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA that functions to suppress neuronal excitability, were significantly decreased on day 14 post jaw opening. Similarly, a significant decrease in neuronal expression of the GABA receptor subunits GABAB1 and GABAB2, but not GABAA, was observed in the TMD model. Importantly, GSE prevented suppression of GAD 65/67 and GABAB subunits, maintaining levels similar to naïve animals. CONCLUSION Results from our study provide evidence of the downregulation of inhibitory GABAergic proteins in trigeminal ganglion neurons in a preclinical chronic TMD model and the benefits of GSE supplementation in preventing their suppression and maintaining normal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia R Antonopoulos
- Missouri State University, Jordan Valley Innovation Center, Department of Biology, Springfield, MO 65806, USA
| | - Daniel A Garten
- Missouri State University, Jordan Valley Innovation Center, Department of Biology, Springfield, MO 65806, USA
| | - Paul L Durham
- Missouri State University, Jordan Valley Innovation Center, Department of Biology, Springfield, MO 65806, USA.
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3
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Wang X, Liu Z, Zhang F, Xiao H, Cao S, Xue H, Liu W, Su Y, Liu Z, Zhong H, Zhang F, Ahmad B, Long Q, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Gan Y, Hou T, Jin Z, Wu X, Liu G, Wang Y, Peng Y, Zhou Y. Integrative genomics reveals the polygenic basis of seedlessness in grapevine. Curr Biol 2024:S0960-9822(24)00925-4. [PMID: 39094571 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Seedlessness is a crucial quality trait in table grape (Vitis vinifera L.) breeding. However, the development of seeds involved intricate regulations, and the polygenic basis of seed abortion remains unclear. Here, we combine comparative genomics, population genetics, quantitative genetics, and integrative genomics to unravel the evolution and polygenic basis of seedlessness in grapes. We generated the haplotype-resolved genomes for two seedless grape cultivars, "Thompson Seedless" (TS, syn. "Sultania") and "Black Monukka" (BM). Comparative genomics identified a ∼4.25 Mb hemizygous inversion on Chr10 specific in seedless cultivars, with seedless-associated genes VvTT16 and VvSUS2 located at breakpoints. Population genomic analyses of 548 grapevine accessions revealed two distinct clusters of seedless cultivars, and the identity-by-descent (IBD) results indicated that the origin of the seedlessness trait could be traced back to "Sultania." Introgression, rather than convergent selection, shaped the evolutionary history of seedlessness in grape improvement. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis identified 110 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with 634 candidate genes, including previously unidentified candidate genes, such as three 11S GLOBULIN SEED STORAGE PROTEIN and two CYTOCHROME P450 genes, and well-known genes like VviAGL11. Integrative genomic analyses resulted in 339 core candidate genes categorized into 13 functional categories related to seed development. Machine learning-based genomic selection achieved a remarkable prediction accuracy of 97% for seedlessness in grapevines. Our findings highlight the polygenic nature of seedlessness and provide candidate genes for molecular genetics and an effective prediction for seedlessness in grape genomic breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China; School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Zhongjie Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hua Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuo Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Xue
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Su
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhenya Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haixia Zhong
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Fuchun Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Bilal Ahmad
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiming Long
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingchun Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Gan
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ting Hou
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhongxin Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinyu Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation of Crop Resistance in Arid Desert Regions (Preparation), Key Laboratory of Genome Research and Genetic Improvement of Xinjiang Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables, Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Guotian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanling Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongfeng Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China; National Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China.
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Yang X, Gu P, Jiang Q, Cheng X, Fan J, Bai Y. Instant and Multifunctional Nanofibers Loaded with Proanthocyanidins and Hyaluronic Acid for Skincare Applications. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1584. [PMID: 39062159 PMCID: PMC11274950 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic-acid- and silk-fibroin-based nanofibrous mats loaded with proanthocyanidins and collagen peptides were fabricated as multifunctional facial masks using electrospinning. Their morphology, hygroscopicity and moisture retention, DPPH, ABTS free radical scavenging abilities, and cytocompatibility were investigated. The results showed that the nanofibrous mats were dense and uniform, with an average diameter ranging from 300 to 370 nm. The nanofibrous mats exhibited satisfactory moisture retention, oxidation resistance, biocompatibility, especially excellent DPPH, and ABTS free radical scavenging capacities. DPPH free radical scavenging activity was 90% with 15 mg/L nanofibers, and ABTS free radical scavenging activity was 90% with 0.005 mg/L nanofibers. The nanofibrous mats protected fibroblasts from oxidative stress damage induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) and significantly promoted their proliferation. Compared with traditional liquid masks and semi-solid facial masks, the multifunctional nanofibrous mats prepared in this study contained fewer additives, which has significant advantages in terms of safety. The nanofibrous mats were rapidly dissolved within 5 s after being sprayed with water, which facilitated the release and penetration of active ingredients for skincare. Therefore, the multifunctional nanofibrous mats displayed excellent moisture retention, oxidation resistance, and biocompatibility, indicating promising translational potential as facial masks and providing a valuable reference for skincare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (X.Y.); (Q.J.); (X.C.); (J.F.)
| | - Pengcheng Gu
- Laboratory of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China;
| | - Qiang Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (X.Y.); (Q.J.); (X.C.); (J.F.)
| | - Xiting Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (X.Y.); (Q.J.); (X.C.); (J.F.)
| | - Jia Fan
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (X.Y.); (Q.J.); (X.C.); (J.F.)
| | - Yan Bai
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; (X.Y.); (Q.J.); (X.C.); (J.F.)
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Yang C, Deng X, Tang Y, Tang H, Xia C. Natural products reverse cisplatin resistance in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Cancer Lett 2024; 598:217116. [PMID: 39002694 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Cisplatin is one of the most commonly used drugs for cancer treatment. Despite much progress in improving patient outcomes, many patients are resistant to cisplatin-based treatments, leading to limited treatment efficacy and increased treatment failure. The fact that solid tumors suffer from hypoxia and an inadequate blood supply in the tumor microenvironment has been widely accepted for decades. Numerous studies have shown that a hypoxic microenvironment significantly reduces the sensitivity of tumor cells to cisplatin. Therefore, understanding how hypoxia empowers tumor cells with cisplatin resistance is essential. In the fight against tumors, developing innovative strategies for overcoming drug resistance has attracted widespread interest. Natural products have historically made major contributions to anticancer drug research due to their obvious efficacy and abundant candidate resources. Intriguingly, natural products show the potential to reverse chemoresistance, which provides new insights into cisplatin resistance in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. In this review, we describe the role of cisplatin in tumor therapy and the mechanisms by which tumor cells generate cisplatin resistance. Subsequently, we call attention to the linkage between the hypoxic microenvironment and cisplatin resistance. Furthermore, we summarize known and potential natural products that target the hypoxic tumor microenvironment to overcome cisplatin resistance. Finally, we discuss the current challenges that limit the clinical application of natural products. Understanding the link between hypoxia and cisplatin resistance is the key to unlocking the full potential of natural products, which will serve as new therapeutic strategies capable of overcoming resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuansheng Yang
- Department of Breast, Thyroid and Head-Neck Surgery, Yuebei People's Hospital of Shantou University, Shaoguan, 512099, China
| | - Xinpei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yunyun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Hailin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Chenglai Xia
- Foshan Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Foshan, 528000, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 515150, China.
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Mirzaei H, Hatemi BMJ, Enayati A, Khori V, Jabbari A, Salehi A, Hojati MT, Hossieni SG. Potential antiplatelet agents with grape seed - backbone polyphenols: computational studies. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38907668 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2370039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
The study focused on grape seed-derived polyphenols for their antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory, and fibrinolytic properties through molecular docking and dynamics simulations. Compounds were evaluated for their effects on P2Y12, PTP1B, thromboxane A2, and other targets. Compounds 1 and 6 showed strong inhibitory potential on P2Y12. Compounds 2 and 7, plus epigallocatechin gallate, demonstrated effective inhibition on NF-KB and COX1. The compounds exhibited drug-like properties and potential for new thrombotic disease therapies. The research sheds light on the interactions between polyphenols and target proteins, paving the way for novel antiplatelet strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Mirzaei
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | - Ayesheh Enayati
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Vahid Khori
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ali Jabbari
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Aref Salehi
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohamad Taher Hojati
- Laboratory Science Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Seyed Ghadir Hossieni
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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Lopes Francisco CR, Soltanahmadi S, Porto Santos T, Lopes Cunha R, Sarkar A. Addressing astringency of grape seed extract by covalent conjugation with lupin protein. Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 9:100795. [PMID: 39036623 PMCID: PMC11260025 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Astringency of phenolic-rich foods is a key tactile perception responsible for acceptability/rejection of plant extracts as ingredients in formulations. Covalent conjugation of phenolic extracts with plant proteins might be a promising strategy to control astringency, but suffers from a lack of mechanistic understanding from the lubrication point of view. To shed light on this, this ex vivo study evaluated the effect of conjugation of a phenolic grape seed extract (GSE) with legume protein (lupin, LP) on tribological and surface adsorption performance of GSE in the absence and presence of human saliva (ex vivo). Tribological results confirmed GSE had an inferior lubrication capacity as compared to LP. The lubrication performance of LP-GSE dispersions was comparable to their corresponding LP dispersion (p > 0.05) when covalently conjugated with LP (LP-GSE) with increasing LP:GSE ratio up to 1:0.04 w/w and at a specific degree of conjugation (DC: 2%). Tribological and surface adsorption measurements confirmed the tendency of GSE to interact with human saliva (ex vivo, n = 17 subjects), impairing the lubricity of salivary films. The covalent bonding of LP to GSE hindered GSE's interaction with human saliva, implying the potential influence of covalent conjugation on attenuating astringency. LP appeared to compete with human saliva for surface adsorption and governed the lubrication behaviour in LP-GSE dispersions. Findings from this study provide valuable knowledge to guide the rational design of sustainable, functional foods using conjugation of phenolics with plant proteins to incorporate larger proportions of health-promoting phenolics while controlling astringency, which needs validation by sensory trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristhian Rafael Lopes Francisco
- Food Colloids and Bioprocessing Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Laboratory of Process Engineering, Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato 80, 13083-862, São Paulo, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Siavash Soltanahmadi
- Food Colloids and Bioprocessing Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Tatiana Porto Santos
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rosiane Lopes Cunha
- Laboratory of Process Engineering, Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato 80, 13083-862, São Paulo, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Anwesha Sarkar
- Food Colloids and Bioprocessing Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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Parra-Pacheco B, Cruz-Moreno BA, Aguirre-Becerra H, García-Trejo JF, Feregrino-Pérez AA. Bioactive Compounds from Organic Waste. Molecules 2024; 29:2243. [PMID: 38792105 PMCID: PMC11123749 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The reuse and reincorporation of waste are the principles of circular economies. Compost, biofuels, animal feed, dyes, and bioactive compounds can be obtained from the revaluation of organic waste. Research on this subject is scarce and limited to specific sectors, such as agriculture and agroindustry, leaving aside others that generate large quantities of organic waste, such as floriculture. The remains of these sectors have a low decomposition rate compared to other organic wastes. They are a source of bioactive compounds (e.g., essential oils, pigments, phenols) that can be reincorporated into the production chain of various industries. This review describes the composition of waste from agroindustry, agriculture, and floriculture, analyzing their potential revalorization as a source of bioactive compounds and an alternative supply source.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Juan Fernando García-Trejo
- Research and Postgraduate Division, School of Engineering, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Campus Amazcala, Carretera a Chichimequillas Km 1 s/n, Amazcala, El Marqués 76265, Querétaro, Mexico; (B.P.-P.); (B.A.C.-M.); (H.A.-B.)
| | - Ana Angélica Feregrino-Pérez
- Research and Postgraduate Division, School of Engineering, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Campus Amazcala, Carretera a Chichimequillas Km 1 s/n, Amazcala, El Marqués 76265, Querétaro, Mexico; (B.P.-P.); (B.A.C.-M.); (H.A.-B.)
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Karkuzhali K, Manivannan N, Venkatesan S. Antimicrobial Activity of Crude Metabolites of Vitis vinifera using Methanol Extract against the Clinical Pathogens. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:S1186-S1190. [PMID: 38882745 PMCID: PMC11174194 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_521_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The Vitis vinifera, also known as grapevine, is one of the most widely grown fruit crops in the world and is renowned for producing wine and grapes. Other than their importance in gastronomy and ecology, certain sections of the V. vinifera plant have shown promising bioactive qualities. The numerous phytochemicals in this plant, including flavonoids, stilbenes, and phenolic acids, are what gives its antibacterial and antifungal properties though the antimicrobial properties of seed extract have to be studied, however in this present study we focus on screening and its biological compatibility of seed extracts of V. vinifera. Methods The commercial power of seed (V. vinifera) obtained from local market near Poonamallee, Chennai, India. and the extraction of crude metabolites was done by direction extraction method, the antimicrobial activity was done by well diffusion method, and Minimum Inhibitory concentration was done by CLSI guideline. To check the biocompatibility of crude metabolites was done by hemolytic assay. Results Studies have demonstrated that grapevine extracts and their separated components have potent antibacterial and antifungal effects against a variety of pathogenic microorganisms, including bacterial strains that are resistant to antibiotics. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of the plant's extracts have demonstrated potential 128 µg/mL for S. aureus, and 256 µg/mL E. faecalis and C. albicans as the best inhibitory concentration. The biological compatibility of crude metabolites shows 3 % of lysis at 512 µg/mL. Conclusion V. vinifera is a prospective source for the creation of novel antimicrobial drugs because of its antibacterial capabilities. To completely understand the chemicals' mode of action and to create efficient treatments for microbial illnesses, more research is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karunanithi Karkuzhali
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N Manivannan
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Santhosh Venkatesan
- Department of Microbiology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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García-Villegas A, Fernández-Ochoa Á, Alañón ME, Rojas-García A, Arráez-Román D, Cádiz-Gurrea MDLL, Segura-Carretero A. Bioactive Compounds and Potential Health Benefits through Cosmetic Applications of Cherry Stem Extract. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3723. [PMID: 38612532 PMCID: PMC11011441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cherry stems, prized in traditional medicine for their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, derive their efficacy from abundant polyphenols and anthocyanins. This makes them an ideal option for addressing skin aging and diseases. This study aimed to assess the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of cherry stem extract for potential skincare use. To this end, the extract was first comprehensively characterized by HPLC-ESI-qTOF-MS. The extract's total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant capacity, radical scavenging efficiency, and its ability to inhibit enzymes related to skin aging were determined. A total of 146 compounds were annotated in the cherry stem extract. The extract effectively fought against NO· and HOCl radicals with IC50 values of 2.32 and 5.4 mg/L. Additionally, it inhibited HYALase, collagenase, and XOD enzymes with IC50 values of 7.39, 111.92, and 10 mg/L, respectively. Based on the promising results that were obtained, the extract was subsequently gently integrated into a cosmetic gel at different concentrations and subjected to further stability evaluations. The accelerated stability was assessed through temperature ramping, heating-cooling cycles, and centrifugation, while the long-term stability was evaluated by storing the formulations under light and dark conditions for three months. The gel formulation enriched with cherry stem extract exhibited good stability and compatibility for topical application. Cherry stem extract may be a valuable ingredient for creating beneficial skincare cosmeceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail García-Villegas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.G.-V.); (Á.F.-O.); (A.R.-G.); (D.A.-R.); (A.S.-C.)
| | - Álvaro Fernández-Ochoa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.G.-V.); (Á.F.-O.); (A.R.-G.); (D.A.-R.); (A.S.-C.)
| | - María Elena Alañón
- Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research (IRICA), University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ronda de Calatrava 7, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Alejandro Rojas-García
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.G.-V.); (Á.F.-O.); (A.R.-G.); (D.A.-R.); (A.S.-C.)
| | - David Arráez-Román
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.G.-V.); (Á.F.-O.); (A.R.-G.); (D.A.-R.); (A.S.-C.)
| | - María de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.G.-V.); (Á.F.-O.); (A.R.-G.); (D.A.-R.); (A.S.-C.)
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, Av. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.G.-V.); (Á.F.-O.); (A.R.-G.); (D.A.-R.); (A.S.-C.)
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11
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Wahyuningtyas ED, Triwardhani A, Ardani IGAW, Surboyo MDC. The Effect of Grape Seed Extract on the Alveolar, Jaw, and Skeletal Bone Remodeling: A Scoping Review. Eur J Dent 2024; 18:73-85. [PMID: 37311556 PMCID: PMC10959605 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1768975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicine has an important part in promoting and maintaining human health. One of them was grape seed extract (GSE). Various potentials of GSE in human health have been explored, and its potential for maintaining bone health is promising. Some initial research has provided evidence that the GSE was able to affect bone remodeling (bone resorption and bone formation). This scoping review analyzed and discussed all the reports on the effect of GSE on bone healing and bone remodeling in animals in the alveolar bone, jaw bone, and skeletal bone. The further purpose is to give an opportunity to research and development of supplementation of GSE for humans.The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines were used to compose this scoping review through database on Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Embase, and manual search until December 2022. The inclusion criteria were a study that analyzed the effect of supplementation GSE on all bones.All included study was in vivo study with supplementation of GSE. The supplementation of GSE affects the alveolar bone, jaw bones, and skeletal bone by promoting bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption by suppressing inflammation, apoptosis pathways, and osteoclastogenesis. It not only supports bone remodeling in bone inflammation, osteonecrosis, osteoporosis, and arthritis but also the GSE increases bone health by increasing the density and mineral deposition in trabecula and cortical bone.The supplementation of GSE supports bone remodeling by interfering with the inflammation process and bone formation not only by preventing bone resorption but also by maintaining bone density.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ari Triwardhani
- Department of Orthodontic, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - I Gusti Aju Wahju Ardani
- Department of Orthodontic, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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12
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Kim JS. Potential of Grape Seed Extract to Prevent Calcification of Bioprosthetic Heart Valve. Korean Circ J 2024; 54:57-58. [PMID: 38111186 PMCID: PMC10784607 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2023.0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Sun Kim
- Department of Pathology and Translational Genomics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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13
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Li N, Freitas DS, Santos J, Venâncio A, Noro J, Su J, Wang H, Silva C, Cavaco-Paulo A. Laccase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Added-Value Polymers from Cork and Grape Extracts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18877-18889. [PMID: 37991200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The development of products from natural plant sources, including agriculture and food wastes, contributes significantly to the circular economy and global sustainability. Cork and grape wastes were employed as the primary sources in this study to obtain compounds of interest under mild extraction conditions. Laccase was applied to oxidize the cork and grape extracts, with the aim of producing value-added molecules with improved properties. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy was assessed to monitor the oxidation process, and characterization of the end products was performed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) spectroscopy. The antioxidant and antiaging properties were evaluated by means of ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and SPF testing. Overall, as compared to their monomeric counterparts, the polymeric compounds displayed remarkable antioxidant and antiaging characteristics after laccase oxidation, showing tremendous potential for applications in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and textile industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Li
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center for Functional Textiles, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, 214122 Wuxi, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, 214122 Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - David S Freitas
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS─Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Joana Santos
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS─Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Armando Venâncio
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS─Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jennifer Noro
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS─Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Jing Su
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center for Functional Textiles, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, 214122 Wuxi, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, 214122 Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Technology Research Center for Functional Textiles, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, 214122 Wuxi, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, 214122 Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Carla Silva
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS─Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS─Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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14
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Qiao X, Wang H, He Y, Song D, Altawil A, Wang Q, Yin Y. Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin Ameliorates LPS-induced Acute Lung Injury By Modulating M2a Macrophage Polarization Via the TREM2/PI3K/Akt Pathway. Inflammation 2023; 46:2147-2164. [PMID: 37566293 PMCID: PMC10673742 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01868-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is an acute and progressive pulmonary inflammatory disease that is difficult to cure and has a poor prognosis. Macrophages, which have various phenotypes and diverse functions, play an essential role in the pathogenesis of ALI. Grape seed proanthocyanidin (GSP) has received much attention over several decades, and many biological activities such as anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory have been identified. This study aimed to determine the effect of GSP on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. In this study, we established an ALI mouse model by tracheal instillation of LPS, and by pre-injection of GSP into mice to examine the effect of GSP on the ALI mouse model. Using H&E staining, flow cytometry, and ELISA, we found that GSP attenuated LPS-induced lung pathological changes and decreased inflammatory cytokine expression in ALI mice. In addition, GSP reduced the recruitment of monocyte-derived macrophages to the lung and significantly promoted the polarization of primary mouse lung macrophages from M1 to M2a induced by LPS. In vitro, GSP also decreased the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and M1 macrophage marker iNOS induced by LPS in MH-S cells, while increasing the expression levels of M2a macrophage marker CD206. Bioinformatics analysis identified TREM2 and the PI3K/Akt pathway as candidate targets and signaling pathways that regulate M1/M2a macrophage polarization in ALI, respectively. Furthermore, GSP activated PI3K/Akt and increased TREM2 expression in vivo and in vitro. Meanwhile, GSP's impact on M2a polarization and inflammation suppression was attenuated by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 or siRNA knockdown TREM2. In addition, GSP-enhanced PI3K/Akt activity was prevented by TREM2 siRNA. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that GSP could ameliorate LPS-induced ALI by modulating macrophage polarization from M1 to M2a via the TREM2/PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qiao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yulin He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dongfang Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Abdullah Altawil
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiuyue Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Yin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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15
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Nicolosi RM, Bonincontro G, Imperia E, Badiali C, De Vita D, Sciubba F, Dugo L, Guarino MPL, Altomare A, Simonetti G, Pasqua G. Protective Effect of Procyanidin-Rich Grape Seed Extract against Gram-Negative Virulence Factors. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1615. [PMID: 37998817 PMCID: PMC10668874 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are implicated in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases caused by Gram-negative bacteria. Grape seeds, wine industry by-products, have antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. In the present study, the protective effect of procyanidin-rich grape seed extract (prGSE), from unfermented pomace of Vitis vinifera L. cv Bellone, on bacterial LPS-induced oxidative stress and epithelial barrier integrity damage has been studied in a model of Caco-2 cells. The prGSE was characterized at the molecular level using HPLC and NMR. The in vitro activity of prGSE against formation of biofilm of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli was investigated. In vivo, prGSE activity using infected Galleria mellonella larvae has been evaluated. The results show that the prGSE, if administered with LPS, can significantly reduce the LPS-induced permeability alteration. Moreover, the ability of the extract to prevent Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production induced by the LPS treatment of Caco-2 cells was demonstrated. prGSE inhibited the biofilm formation of E. coli and S. Typhimurium. In terms of in vivo activity, an increase in survival of infected G. mellonella larvae after treatment with prGSE was demonstrated. In conclusion, grape seed extracts could be used to reduce GI damage caused by bacterial endotoxin and biofilms of Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Maria Nicolosi
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.M.N.); (G.B.); (C.B.); (D.D.V.); (F.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Graziana Bonincontro
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.M.N.); (G.B.); (C.B.); (D.D.V.); (F.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Elena Imperia
- Department of Science and Technology for Sustainable Development and One Health, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (E.I.); (L.D.)
| | - Camilla Badiali
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.M.N.); (G.B.); (C.B.); (D.D.V.); (F.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Daniela De Vita
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.M.N.); (G.B.); (C.B.); (D.D.V.); (F.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Fabio Sciubba
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.M.N.); (G.B.); (C.B.); (D.D.V.); (F.S.); (G.P.)
- NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory (NMLab), Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Dugo
- Department of Science and Technology for Sustainable Development and One Health, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (E.I.); (L.D.)
| | - Michele Pier Luca Guarino
- Research Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy;
- Operative Research Unit of Gastroenterology, University Policlinico Foundation Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Altomare
- Department of Science and Technology for Sustainable Development and One Health, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (E.I.); (L.D.)
- Research Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Simonetti
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.M.N.); (G.B.); (C.B.); (D.D.V.); (F.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Gabriella Pasqua
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.M.N.); (G.B.); (C.B.); (D.D.V.); (F.S.); (G.P.)
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16
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Mottaghi S, Abbaszadeh H. Grape seed extract in combination with deferasirox ameliorates iron overload, oxidative stress, inflammation, and liver dysfunction in beta thalassemia children. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2023; 53:101804. [PMID: 37832335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2023.101804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Iron overload in the body is associated with serious and irreversible tissue damage. This study aimed to investigate the iron-chelating, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities of grape seed extract (GSE) supplement as well as its safety in β-thalassemia major (β-TM) pediatric patients receiving deferasirox as a standard iron-chelation therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The children were randomly allocated to either GSE group (n = 30) or control group (n = 30) to receive GSE (100 mg/day) or placebo capsules, respectively, for 4 weeks. The serum levels of iron, ferritin, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration were measured pre-and post-intervention. RESULTS GSE supplement significantly attenuated the serum levels of iron (p = 0.030), ferritin (p = 0.017), ALT (p = 0.000), AST (p = 0.000), TNF-α (p = 0.000), and hs-CRP (p = 0.001). The TIBC level (p = 0.020) significantly enhanced in the GSE group compared with the placebo group. Moreover, GSE supplement remarkably improved the oxidative stress markers, MDA (p = 0.000) and GSH (p = 0.001). The changes in the SOD activity (p = 0.590) and Hb concentration (p = 0.670) were not statistically different between the groups. CONCLUSION GSE supplement possesses several health beneficial influences on children with β-TM by alleviating iron burden, oxidative stress, inflammation, and liver dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayeh Mottaghi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hassan Abbaszadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Ahn H, Cho EY, Yum K. Efficacy of γ-linolenic acid, Vitis vinifera extract, and acetyl-L-carnitine combination therapy for improving arterial stiffness in Korean adults: Real-world evidence. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2023; 25:880-888. [PMID: 37608640 PMCID: PMC10497026 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is associated with various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Measurement of arterial stiffness using pulse wave velocity (PWV) enables assessment of atherosclerosis progression in individuals. The authors screened patients with asymptomatic atherosclerosis, based on the PWV findings, to evaluate appropriate early interventions and assess the efficacy of γ-linolenic acid, Vitis vinifera extract, and acetyl-L-carnitine triple combination therapy in atherosclerosis prevention. This retrospective study analyzed the medical records of adult patients between March 2007 and April 2019, with presenting complaints of fatigue and lethargy. Among patients with vascular stiffness beyond their biological age on brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV) testing, those with ≥80% compliance for three drugs were allocated to the experimental group. Those with compliance of <80% for any one drug were allocated to the control group to assess changes in arterial stiffness, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), lipid level, and blood pressure (BP). After 1 year of triple-combination therapy, there were significant decreases in right and left baPWV (1537.16 ± 274.84 and 1519.00 ± 289.32 cm/s, respectively) as compared to baseline (1633.15 ± 271. 20 and 1598.64 ± 267.95 cm/s, respectively; p < .001). There was no difference in baPWV between sexes. Moreover, neither group showed significant changes in FPG and lipid levels. When triple-combination therapy combining γ-linolenic acid, V. vinifera extract, and acetyl-L-carnitine was administered to patients with high arterial stiffness relative to their age, as assessed by baPWV, the experimental group showed a decrease in arterial stiffness in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo‐Suk Ahn
- Department of CardiologyUijeongbu St. Mary's HospitalCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Eun Young Cho
- Department of Family MedicineUijeongbu St. Mary's HospitalCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Keun‐Sang Yum
- Department of Family MedicineUijeongbu St. Mary's HospitalCollege of MedicineThe Catholic University of KoreaSeoulSouth Korea
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18
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Chen HF, Wang WJ, Chen CY, Chang WC, Hsueh PR, Peng SL, Wu CS, Chen Y, Huang HY, Shen WJ, Wang SC, Hung MC. The natural tannins oligomeric proanthocyanidins and punicalagin are potent inhibitors of infection by SARS-CoV-2. eLife 2023; 12:e84899. [PMID: 37642993 PMCID: PMC10465125 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to infect people worldwide. While the vaccinated population has been increasing, the rising breakthrough infection persists in the vaccinated population. For living with the virus, the dietary guidelines to prevent virus infection are worthy of and timely to develop further. Tannic acid has been demonstrated to be an effective inhibitor of coronavirus and is under clinical trial. Here we found that two other members of the tannins family, oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs) and punicalagin, are also potent inhibitors against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection with different mechanisms. OPCs and punicalagin showed inhibitory activity against omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The water extractant of the grape seed was rich in OPCs and also exhibited the strongest inhibitory activities for viral entry of wild-type and other variants in vitro. Moreover, we evaluated the inhibitory activity of grape seed extractants (GSE) supplementation against SARS-CoV-2 viral entry in vivo and observed that serum samples from the healthy human subjects had suppressive activity against different variants of SARS-CoV-2 Vpp infection after taking GSE capsules. Our results suggest that natural tannins acted as potent inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 infection, and GSE supplementation could serve as healthy food for infection prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Fan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Wei-Jan Wang
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Chung-Yu Chen
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Wei-Chao Chang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Shin-Lei Peng
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Neuroscience and Brain Disease Center, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Chen-Shiou Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Yeh Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Wan-Jou Shen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Shao-Chun Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
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19
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Chengolova Z, Ivanov Y, Godjevargova T. Comparison of Identification and Quantification of Polyphenolic Compounds in Skins and Seeds of Four Grape Varieties. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104061. [PMID: 37241801 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify and quantify polyphenolic compounds in skin extracts from four Bulgarian grape varieties and compare them to those of seed extracts. The values of total phenolic contents, flavonoids, anthocyanins, procyanidins and an ascorbic acid in grape skin extracts were determined. The antioxidant capacities of skin extracts were evaluated using four different methods. The total phenolic content of skin extracts was 2-3 times lower than those of seed extracts. The significant difference between total parameter values of individual grape varieties were also found. According to the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of skin extracts, the different grape varieties were arranged in the following order: Marselan ≥ Pinot Noir ˃ Cabernet Sauvignon ˃ Tamyanka. The individual compounds in the grape skin extracts were determined using RP-HPLC and compared with those of the seed extracts. The determined composition of skin extracts was significantly different from the seed extracts' composition. Quantitative evaluation of the procyanidins and catechins in the skins was carried out. A correlation between phenolic contents, individual compounds and antioxidant capacity of different extracts was found. The studied grape extracts have a potential to be applied as natural antioxidants in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatina Chengolova
- Department Biotechnology, University "Prof. Dr. A. Zlatarov", 8010 Burgas, Bulgaria
| | - Yavor Ivanov
- Department Biotechnology, University "Prof. Dr. A. Zlatarov", 8010 Burgas, Bulgaria
| | - Tzonka Godjevargova
- Department Biotechnology, University "Prof. Dr. A. Zlatarov", 8010 Burgas, Bulgaria
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Gao P, Fang L, Pan Y, Jiang L. Effect of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins on Fat Metabolism and Adipocytokines in Obese Rats. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040568. [PMID: 37110226 PMCID: PMC10142576 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidin (GSP) on fat metabolism and adipocytokines in obese rats. Fifty 5-week-old rats were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 10 per group) and given either a basal diet, a high-fat diet, or a high-fat diet supplemented with GSP (25, 50, and 100 mg/d) per group. The experiment lasted for five weeks, including a one-week adaptation period and a four-week treatment period. At the end of the experimental period, serum and adipose tissue samples were collected and analyzed. Additionally, we co-cultured 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with varying concentrations of GSP to explore its effect on adipocyte metabolism. The results demonstrated that GSP supplementation reduced weight, daily gain, and abdominal fat weight coefficient (p < 0.05). It also decreased levels of glucose, cholesterol (TC) (p < 0.05), triglycerides (TG) (p < 0.05), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in adipose tissue. Furthermore, GSP addition caused adipocyte crumpling in vitro and reduced the mRNA expression of COX-2, LEP, and TNF-α in adipocytes in vitro. These findings provide compelling evidence for exploring the role of GSP in the prevention and treatment of obesity and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxiang Gao
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Luoyun Fang
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yucong Pan
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
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Pharmacological mechanism of natural drugs and their active ingredients in the treatment of arrhythmia via calcium channel regulation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114413. [PMID: 36805187 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmia is characterized by abnormal heartbeat rhythms and frequencies caused by heart pacing and conduction dysfunction. Arrhythmia is the leading cause of death in patients with cardiovascular disease, with high morbidity and mortality rates, posing a serious risk to human health. Natural drugs and their active ingredients, such as matrine(MAT), tetrandrine(TET), dehydroevodiamine, tanshinone IIA, and ginsenosides, have been widely used for the treatment of atrial fibrillation, ventricular ectopic beats, sick sinus syndrome, and other arrhythmia-like diseases owing to their unique advantages. This review summarizes the mechanism of action of natural drugs and their active ingredients in the treatment of arrhythmia via the regulation of Ca2+, such as alkaloids, quinones, saponins, terpenoids, flavonoids, polyphenols, and lignan compounds, to provide ideas for the innovative development of natural drugs with potential antiarrhythmic efficacy.
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Cytoprotective remedies for ameliorating nephrotoxicity induced by renal oxidative stress. Life Sci 2023; 318:121466. [PMID: 36773693 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Nephrotoxicity is the hallmark of anti-neoplastic drug metabolism that causes oxidative stress. External chemical agents and prescription drugs release copious amounts of free radicals originating from molecular oxidation and unless sustainably scavenged, they stimulate membrane lipid peroxidation and disruption of the host antioxidant mechanisms. This review aims to provide a comprehensive collection of potential cytoprotective remedies in surmounting the most difficult aspect of cancer therapy as well as preventing renal oxidative stress by other means. MATERIALS AND METHODS Over 400 published research and review articles spanning several decades were scrutinised to obtain the relevant data which is presented in 3 categories; sources, mechanisms, and mitigation of renal oxidative stress. KEY-FINDINGS Drug and chemical-induced nephrotoxicity commonly manifests as chronic or acute kidney disease, nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis. Renal replacement therapy requirements and mortalities from end-stage renal disease are set to rapidly increase in the next decade for which 43 different cytoprotective compounds which have the capability to suppress experimental nephrotoxicity are described. SIGNIFICANCE The renal system performs essential homeostatic functions that play a significant role in eliminating toxicants, and its accumulation and recurrence in nephric tissues results in tubular degeneration and subsequent renal impairment. Global statistics of the latest chronic kidney disease prevalence is 13.4 % while the end-stage kidney disease requiring renal replacement therapy is 4-7 million per annum. The remedial compounds discussed herein had proven efficacy against nephrotoxicity manifested consequent to impaired antioxidant mechanisms in preclinical models produced by renal oxidative stress activators.
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Chen WC, Hossen M, Liu W, Yen CH, Huang CH, Hsu YC, Lee JC. Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins Inhibit Replication of the Dengue Virus by Targeting NF-kB and MAPK-Mediated Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040884. [PMID: 37112864 PMCID: PMC10140912 DOI: 10.3390/v15040884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection is a serious global health issue as it causes severe dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Since no approved therapies are available to treat DENV infection, it is necessary to develop new agents or supplements that can do this. In this study, grape seed proanthocyanidins extract (GSPE), which is widely consumed as a dietary supplement, dose-dependently suppressed the replication of four DENV serotypes. The inhibitory mechanism demonstrated that GSPE downregulated DENV-induced aberrant cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, revealing that the inhibitory effect of the GSPE on DENV replication involved targeting DENV-induced COX-2 expression. Mechanistic studies on signaling regulation have demonstrated that GSPE significantly reduced COX-2 expression by inactivating NF-κB and ERK/P38 MAPK signaling activities. Administrating GSPE to DENV-infected suckling mice reduced virus replication, mortality, and monocyte infiltration of the brain. In addition, GSPE substantially reduced the expression of DENV-induced inflammatory cytokines associated with severe dengue disease, including tumor necrosis factor-α, nitric oxide synthase, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-8, suggesting that GSPE has potential as a dietary supplement to attenuate DENV infection and severe dengue.
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Wang J, Yao X, Xia N, Sun Q, Duan C, Pan Q. Evolution of Seed-Soluble and Insoluble Tannins during Grape Berry Maturation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073050. [PMID: 37049811 PMCID: PMC10095654 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Condensed tannins (CT) in wine are derived from the seeds and skins of grapes, and their composition and content contribute to the bitterness/astringency characteristics and ageing potential of the wine. Global warming has accelerated the ripening process of grape berries, making them out of sync with seed ripening. To understand the influence of berry ripening on the seed CT composition and content, we analyzed the changes in the soluble and insoluble CT in the seeds of 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grapes from two vineyards over two years. The results showed that the seed-soluble CT presented a slight downward trend in fluctuation during grape berry development, while the insoluble CT increased continuously before the véraison and remained at a high level afterwards. Relatively speaking, a lower sugar increment in developing grape berries favored the conversion of seed CT towards a higher degree of polymerization. The terminal unit of soluble CT was dominated by epigallocatechin gallate, the content of which decreased as the seeds matured. It is suggested that the seeds should be fully matured to reduce this bitter component in tannins. This study provides a reference for us to control the grape ripening process and produce high-quality grapes for wine making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xuechen Yao
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Nongyu Xia
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Changqing Duan
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiuhong Pan
- Center for Viticulture & Enology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Viticulture and Enology, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
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A Review on Berry Seeds—A Special Emphasis on Their Chemical Content and Health-Promoting Properties. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061422. [PMID: 36986152 PMCID: PMC10058722 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Berries are important components of the human diet, valued for their high content of nutrients and active compounds. Berry seeds are also important objects of scientific investigation as, in some cases, they can have a higher concentration of certain phytochemicals than other parts of the fruit. Moreover, they are often byproducts of the food industry that can be reused to make oil, extracts, or flour. We have reviewed available literature related to the chemical content and biological activity of seeds from five different berry species—red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L. and Rubus coreanus Miq.), strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa), grape (Vitis vinifera L.), sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.), and cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.). We have searched various databases, including PubMed, Web of Knowledge, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. Last search was conducted on 16.01.2023. Various preparations from berry seeds are valuable sources of bioactive phytochemicals and could be used as functional foods or to make pharmaceuticals or cosmetics. Some products, like oil, flour, or extracts, are already available on the market. However, many preparations and compounds still lack appropriate evidence for their effectiveness in vivo, so their activity should first be assessed in animal studies and clinical trials.
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Comparative profiling of small-sized phenolics throughout maturation in grape seeds of six Vitis vinifera L. red varieties grown under normalized ambient and viticultural conditions. J Food Compost Anal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.105077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Mancini M, Cerny MEV, Cardoso NS, Verissimo G, Maluf SW. Grape Seed Components as Protectors of Inflammation, DNA Damage, and Cancer. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:141-150. [PMID: 36692807 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00460-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Oxidative stress is related to the pathogenesis of several chronic diseases, including inflammatory processes. Free radicals excess increase not only oxidative stress but also genomic instability. Polyphenols are non-enzymatic antioxidants that act as a defense barrier against free radicals and non-radical oxidants. The purpose of this article was to review published articles relating dietary polyphenols contained in grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts with its potential for reversing DNA damage. RECENT FINDINGS Proanthocyanidin components exert pleiotropic actions having several biological, biochemical, and significant pharmacological effects and showed the ability to reduce cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extracts showed the ability to reduce cytotoxicity and genotoxicity through the comet assay and the micronucleus technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Mancini
- Cytogenetics and Genome Stability Laboratory, University Hospital and Pharmacy Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Vieira Cerny
- Cytogenetics and Genome Stability Laboratory, University Hospital and Pharmacy Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Natali Silva Cardoso
- Cytogenetics and Genome Stability Laboratory, University Hospital and Pharmacy Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Sharbel Weidner Maluf
- Cytogenetics and Genome Stability Laboratory, University Hospital and Pharmacy Postgraduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
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Nejaddehbashi F, Rafiee Z, Orazizadeh M, Bayati V, Hemmati A, Hashemitabar M, Makvandi P. Antibacterial and antioxidant double-layered nanofibrous mat promotes wound healing in diabetic rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3166. [PMID: 36823173 PMCID: PMC9950077 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30240-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic wounds are problematic to heal owing to microbial infections as well as decreased proliferation and high concentrations of reactive oxygen species. In this study, a double-layered nanofibrous mat containing grape seed extract (GSE) and silver sulfadiazine (SSD) was fabricated. A synthetic biodegradable polymer, e.g., polycaprolactone (PCL), and a natural material (i.e., collagen) were employed as wound dressing substances. The results showed that GSE possesses antioxidant activity which can be helpful in reducing free radicals. The platform exhibited antibacterial activity against gram-positive and -negative bacteria. The double-layered nanofibrous mat containing GSE and SSD not only was not toxic but also amplified the cell proliferation compared to a pure mat, showing the effect of plant extract. After induction of a round wound, the animals were divided into three groups, namely (1) normal group (receiving + GSE/-GSE nanofiber), (2) diabetic group (receiving + GSE/-GSE nanofiber), and (3) control group (receiving gauze). In vivo evaluation demonstrated no significant differences in the healing process of normal rats. Surprisingly, fully repaired skin was observed on day 14 in the double-layered nanofibrous mat containing GSE in the normal and diabetic groups whereas the wound of diabetic rats treated with pure mat was not completely healed. The macroscopic and microscopic results after 14 days showed the following order in wound repair: Normal/ + GES > Diabetic/ + GSE > Normal/-GES > Diabetic/-GSE > control (with gauze) (p < 0.05). Accordingly, the double-layered nanofibrous mat containing GSE and SSD used in the present study could be considered as a suitable wound dressing in order to shorten healing time and prevent infection during the wound healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Nejaddehbashi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Zeinab Rafiee
- grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden ,grid.4514.40000 0001 0930 2361Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mahmoud Orazizadeh
- grid.411230.50000 0000 9296 6873Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran ,grid.411230.50000 0000 9296 6873Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Vahid Bayati
- grid.411230.50000 0000 9296 6873Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran ,grid.411230.50000 0000 9296 6873Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Aliasghar Hemmati
- grid.411230.50000 0000 9296 6873Marine Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hashemitabar
- grid.411230.50000 0000 9296 6873Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran ,grid.411230.50000 0000 9296 6873Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Centre for Materials Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy. .,Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, 324000, Zhejiang, China.
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A Comparison of the Immunometabolic Effect of Antibiotics and Plant Extracts in a Chicken Macrophage-like Cell Line during a Salmonella Enteritidis Challenge. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020357. [PMID: 36830268 PMCID: PMC9952652 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunometabolic modulation of macrophages can play an important role in the innate immune response of chickens triggered with a multiplicity of insults. In this study, the immunometabolic role of two antibiotics (oxytetracycline and gentamicin) and four plant extracts (thyme essential oil, grape seed extract, garlic oil, and capsicum oleoresin) were investigated on a chicken macrophage-like cell line (HD11) during a Salmonella Enteritidis infection. To study the effect of these substances, kinome peptide array analysis, Seahorse metabolic assay, and gene expression techniques were employed. Oxytetracycline, to which the bacterial strain was resistant, thyme essential oil, and capsicum oleoresin did not show any noteworthy immunometabolic effect. Garlic oil affected glycolysis, but this change was not detected by the kinome analysis. Gentamicin and grape seed extract showed the best immunometabolic profile among treatments, being able to both help the host with the activation of immune response pathways and with maintaining a less inflammatory status from a metabolic point of view.
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Guo C, Zhang L, Zhao M, Ai Y, Liao W, Wan L, Liu Q, Li S, Zeng J, Ma X, Tang J. Targeting lipid metabolism with natural products: A novel strategy for gastrointestinal cancer therapy. Phytother Res 2023; 37:2036-2050. [PMID: 36748953 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer (GIC), including gastric cancer and colorectal cancer, is a common malignant tumor originating from gastrointestinal epithelial cells. Although the pathogenesis of GIC remains unclear, aberrant lipid metabolism has emerged as a hallmark of cancer. Several enzymes, proteins, and transcription factors are involved in lipid metabolism reprogramming in GIC, and their abnormal expression can promote lipid synthesis and accumulation of lipid droplets through numerous mechanisms, thereby affecting the growth, proliferation, and metastasis of GIC cells. Studies show that some natural compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins, can inhibit the de novo synthesis of lipids in GIC, reduce the level of lipid accumulation, and subsequently, inhibit the occurrence and development of GIC by regulating Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt and the mammalian target of rapamycin PI3K/Akt/mTOR, amongst other targets and pathways. Therefore, targeting tumor lipid metabolism is the focus of anti-gastrointestinal tumor therapy. Although most natural products require further high-quality studies to firmly establish their clinical efficacy, we review the potential of natural products in the treatment of GIC and summarize the application prospect of lipid metabolism as a new target for the treatment of GIC, hoping to provide a reference for drug development for gastrointestinal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Guo
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lanlan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Maoyuan Zhao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanling Ai
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenhao Liao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lina Wan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Songtao Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- Department of geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Manna K, Khan ZS, Saha M, Mishra S, Gaikwad N, Bhakta JN, Banerjee K, Das Saha K. Manjari Medika Grape Seed Extract Protects Methotrexate-Induced Hepatic Inflammation: Involvement of NF-κB/NLRP3 and Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling System. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:467-492. [PMID: 36785716 PMCID: PMC9922067 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s338888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Grape Seed Extract is a natural source of various polyphenols, which have been shown to possess potent antioxidant and free radical-scavenging activities. The earlier studies have reported that grape seed extract exhibits broad-spectrum pharmacological activities. Therefore, studying the hepatoprotective effects and elucidation of mechanisms of action of the Indian Variety, Manjari Medika grape seed extract (GSE), may give an insight into therapeutic benefits. Methotrexate (MTX) is the first-line pharmacological therapy for different rheumatic diseases. The major adverse events such as hepatotoxicity are evident even in the low doses used for the treatment. The present study investigated the role of MTX on hepatic damage in murine liver and the plausible protective effects of the Indian grape variety, Manjari Medika grape seed extract, in ameliorating it. Methods and Results To assess the hepatological modulation, mice were divided into eight groups to investigate the ameliorative potential of this GSE (75 and 125 mg/kg) and correlate the experimental findings. The active components of the extract were assessed through UPLC-(ESI)-QToF-MS analysis. On the other hand, various biochemical and immunological indices were carried out to correlate the experimental data. The result demonstrated that the prophylactic administration of GSE reduced MTX-induced hepatic toxicity indices, which subsequently restored the hepatic morphological architecture. Moreover, the application of GSE in a dual dosage (75 and 125 mg/kg) suppressed MTX-induced reactive oxygen species generation, followed by lipid peroxidation and cellular nitrite formation. MTX-induced inflammasome activation through the redox-assisted cascade of TLR4/NF-κB signaling was further reduced by applying the GSE. The results showed that the activation of cytoprotective transcription factor Nrf2 enhanced the level of endogenous antioxidants. Furthermore, through the regulation of TLR4/NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 axis, this extract could reduce the MTX-mediated hepatic damage. Conclusion Our findings suggest that Manjari Medika seed extract could be used as a therapeutic agent to relieve the side effects of MTX and other hepatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Manna
- Department of Food & Nutrition, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Zareen S Khan
- National Referral Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra, 412307, India
| | - Moumita Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Snehasis Mishra
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Nilesh Gaikwad
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Solapur, Maharashtra, 413255, India
| | - Jatindra Nath Bhakta
- Department of Food & Nutrition, University of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- National Referral Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra, 412307, India,Kaushik Banerjee, National Referral Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune, Maharashtra, 412307, India, Email
| | - Krishna Das Saha
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India,Correspondence: Krishna Das Saha, Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India, Tel +91 33 2499 5810, Fax +91 33 2473 5197, Email
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Darwish AG, Moniruzzaman M, Tsolova V, El-Sharkawy I. Integrating Metabolomics and Gene Expression Underlying Potential Biomarkers Compounds Associated with Antioxidant Activity in Southern Grape Seeds. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020210. [PMID: 36837828 PMCID: PMC9963462 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Different southern grape (Muscadine) genotypes (Muscadinia rotundifolia Michx.) were evaluated for their contents of metabolites in ripe berries. The metabolome study identified 331 metabolites in ripening skin and seed tissues. The major chemical groups were organic acids, fatty acyls, polyketides, and organic heterocycle compounds. The metabolic pathways of the identified metabolite were mainly arginine biosynthesis, D-glutamine, D-glutamate metabolism, alanine, aspartate metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and citrate cycle. Principal component analysis indicated that catechin, gallic acid, and epicatechin-3-gallate were the main metabolites existing in muscadine seed extracts. However, citramalic and malic acids were the main metabolites contributing to muscadine skin extracts. Partial least-squares discriminant analysis (VIP > 1) described 25 key compounds indicating the metabolome in muscadine tissues (skin and seed). Correlation analysis among the 25 compounds and oxidation inhibition activities identified five biomarker compounds that were associated with antioxidant activity. Catechin, gallic acid, epicatechin-3-gallate, fertaric acid, and procyanidin B1 were highly associated with DPPH, FRAP, CUPRAC, and ABTS. The five biomarker compounds were significantly accumulated in the seed relative to the skin tissues. An evaluation of 15 antioxidant-related genes represented by the 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase (DHD), shikimate kinase (SK), chalcone synthase (CHS), anthocyanidin reductase (ANR), laccase (LAC), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), 3-dehydroquinate synthase (DHQS), chorismate mutase (CM), flavanone-3-hydroxylase (F3H), cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR), gallate 1-β-glucosyltransferase (UGT), and anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) encode critical enzymes related to polyphenolics pathway throughout four developmental stages (fruit-set FS, véraison V, ripe-skin R, and ripe-seed; S) in the C5 genotype demonstrated the dramatic accumulation of all transcripts in seed tissue or a developmental stage-dependent manner. Our findings suggested that muscadine grape seeds contain essential metabolites that could attract the attention of those interested in the pharmaceutical sector and the plant breeders to develop new varieties with high nutraceutical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed G. Darwish
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Md Moniruzzaman
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA
| | - Violeta Tsolova
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA
| | - Islam El-Sharkawy
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruit Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-850-599-8685
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Ma Z, Ma L, Zhou J. Applications of CRISPR/Cas genome editing in economically important fruit crops: recent advances and future directions. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2023; 3:1. [PMID: 37789479 PMCID: PMC10515014 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-023-00049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Fruit crops, consist of climacteric and non-climacteric fruits, are the major sources of nutrients and fiber for human diet. Since 2013, CRISPR/Cas (Clustered Regularly Interspersed Short Palindromic Repeats and CRISPR-Associated Protein) genome editing system has been widely employed in different plants, leading to unprecedented progress in the genetic improvement of many agronomically important fruit crops. Here, we summarize latest advancements in CRISPR/Cas genome editing of fruit crops, including efforts to decipher the mechanisms behind plant development and plant immunity, We also highlight the potential challenges and improvements in the application of genome editing tools to fruit crops, including optimizing the expression of CRISPR/Cas cassette, improving the delivery efficiency of CRISPR/Cas reagents, increasing the specificity of genome editing, and optimizing the transformation and regeneration system. In addition, we propose the perspectives on the application of genome editing in crop breeding especially in fruit crops and highlight the potential challenges. It is worth noting that efforts to manipulate fruit crops with genome editing systems are urgently needed for fruit crops breeding and demonstration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Ma
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, 261000, Shandong, China
| | - Lijing Ma
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, 261000, Shandong, China
| | - Junhui Zhou
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, 261000, Shandong, China.
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A New Approach for the Treatment of Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis with a Combination of Pea Protein, Grape Seed Extract, and Lactic Acid Assessed In Vivo. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8121251. [PMID: 36547584 PMCID: PMC9787890 DOI: 10.3390/jof8121251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is considered the second most common vaginal infection. Up to 8% of women in various populations experience more than three or four episodes within one year, which is regarded as recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC). Current therapies involve antifungal drugs that provide static effects but do not prevent recurrences due to increased antimicrobial resistance; thus, alternative therapies to antifungals are needed to prevent RVVC. METHODS A murine model of Candida albicans-induced RVVC was performed to evaluate the efficacy of a topical product containing pea protein (PP), grape seed extract (GS), and lactic acid (LA) to treat recurrent infections. Mice were inoculated with three separate vulvovaginal infections of 5 × 104 cells/mL C. albicans, and histological evaluation, a myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay. and an ELISA kit for Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on vaginal tissues were performed. RESULTS The data obtained highlighted that the combination of PP, GS, and LA significantly preserved vaginal tissue architecture and prevented vaginal inflammation, proving its efficacy for the management of RVVC. Moreover, the combination of PP, GS, and LA notably increased azole efficacy by adding a new mechanism of action when administered concomitantly. CONCLUSION Taken together, results demonstrated that the treatment with a combination of PP, GS, and LA is able to reduce the adhesion of C. albicans.
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Phenolic compounds classification and their distribution in winemaking by-products. Eur Food Res Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-04163-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Grover J, Verma V, Menon A, Dorji T. Symptomatic hypoglycemia in a nondiabetic adult female recovering from mild
COVID
‐19 infection: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e6549. [PMID: 36381047 PMCID: PMC9653160 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.6549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A 38‐year‐old lady, recently recovered from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and taking grape seed extract, suffered multiple episodes of severe postprandial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. A careful evaluation ruled out the common etiologies of hypoglycemia and identified grape seed extract consumption as a possible cause. She recovered after stopping the nutritional supplements. In her, hypoglycemia could have resulted from transient beta cell dysfunction associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection or proanthocyanidins in the grape seed extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayant Grover
- Department of Internal Medicine Armed Forces Medical College Pune India
| | - Vishesh Verma
- Department of Internal Medicine Armed Forces Medical College Pune India
| | - Anil Menon
- Department of Internal Medicine Armed Forces Medical College Pune India
| | - Thinley Dorji
- Department of Internal Medicine Central Regional Referral Hospital Gelegphu Bhutan
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Sarandy MM, Gusmão LJ, Purgato GA, Píccolo MS, Pinto da Matta SL, Pizziolo VR, Diaz-Munoz G, Nogueira Diaz MA. Hydroalcoholic extract of Remijia ferruginea accelerates the closure of skin wounds by modulating tissue morphology and antioxidant profile: An in vitro and in vivo study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 296:115464. [PMID: 35714880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Remijia ferruginea DC. (Rubiaceae) (syn. Cinchona ferruginea A.St.-Hil.) is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of wounds, fever and malaria. AIM This study investigated in vitro the proliferative and antioxidant effects of hydroalcoholic extract of leaves of R. ferruginea (HERF) and in vivo the healing effect of ointment based on HERF. MATERIALS AND METHODS The plant extract was characterized by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Cell proliferation assays and in vitro antioxidant activity were performed. In in vivo assays, wound contraction ax was evaluated, as well as histological analyzes such as cellularity, proportion of blood vessels and collagen type I and III index. In addition, analyzes of the antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and GST were performed. RESULTS Our results showed in the chromatographic analysis that catechin, rutin and quercetin were the main phenolic compounds in the plant extract and may be responsible for the antioxidant and proliferative effects (p < 0.05). In addition, these compounds were found in higher concentration in leaves collected in spring. The ointment containing HERF was able to modulate tissue morphology, increasing cell proliferation, blood vessels, being able to stimulate the production of collagen fibers type I and III, (p < 0.05) contributing to scar tissue maturation and resistance. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that the three doses of HERF tested (1%, 3% and 5%) can modulate the skin repair process, but the best effects were observed after exposure to the highest dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariáurea Matias Sarandy
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Leandro José Gusmão
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Gislaine Aparecida Purgato
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Mayra Soares Píccolo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Virgínia Ramos Pizziolo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Gaspar Diaz-Munoz
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Marisa Alves Nogueira Diaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
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The Utilization of Physiologically Active Molecular Components of Grape Seeds and Grape Marc. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911165. [PMID: 36232467 PMCID: PMC9570270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional interventions may highly contribute to the maintenance or restoration of human health. Grapes (Vitis vinifera) are one of the oldest known beneficial nutritional components of the human diet. Their high polyphenol content has been proven to enhance human health beyond doubt in statistics-based public health studies, especially in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer. The current review concentrates on presenting and classifying polyphenol bioactive molecules (resveratrol, quercetin, catechin/epicatechin, etc.) available in high quantities in Vitis vinifera grapes or their byproducts. The molecular pathways and cellular signaling cascades involved in the effects of these polyphenol molecules are also presented in this review, which summarizes currently available in vitro and in vivo experimental literature data on their biological activities mostly in easily accessible tabular form. New molecules for different therapeutic purposes can also be synthesized based on existing polyphenol compound classes available in high quantities in grape, wine, and grape marc. Therefore an overview of these molecular structures is provided. Novel possibilities as dendrimer nanobioconjugates are reviewed, too. Currently available in vitro and in vivo experimental literature data on polyphenol biological activities are presented in easily accessible tabular form. The scope of the review details the antidiabetic, anticarcinogenic, antiviral, vasoprotective, and neuroprotective roles of grape-origin flavonoids. The novelty of the study lies in the description of the processing of agricultural by-products (grape seeds and skins) of industrial relevance, and the detailed description of the molecular mechanisms of action. In addition, the review of the clinical therapeutic applications of polyphenols is unique as no summary study has yet been done.
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Bioactive Compounds, Health Benefits and Food Applications of Grape. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182755. [PMID: 36140883 PMCID: PMC9497968 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most popular fruits worldwide. It contains various bioactive compounds, such as proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, flavonols, phenolic acids and stilbenes, the contents of which could vary considerably in grape skin, pulp and seed. Many studies have revealed that grape possesses a variety of health benefits, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, gut-microbiota-modulating, anticancer and cardioprotective effects. Grape is eaten as fresh fruit and is also used as raw material to produce various products, such as wine, grape juice and raisins. Moreover, the byproducts of grape, such as grape pomace and grape seed, have many applications in the food industry. In this paper, the bioactive compounds in grape are briefly summarized based on literature published in recent years. In addition, the health benefits of grape and its bioactive components are discussed, with special attention paid to the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, the applications of grape in the food industry are elucidated, especially the applications of grape pomace and grape seed. This paper can contribute to understanding the health benefits and mechanisms of grape and its bioactive compounds, as well as the promotion of the use of grape in the food industry.
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Comparing the Effects of Concord Grape ( Vitis labrusca L.) Puree, Juice, and Pomace on Intestinal Morphology, Functionality, and Bacterial Populations In Vivo ( Gallus gallus). Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173539. [PMID: 36079797 PMCID: PMC9460804 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a preliminary study evaluating the effect of different fractions of Concord grapes (Vitis labrusca L.) on the brush border membrane (BBM) morphology, duodenal gene expression, and specific gut bacterial populations. For this study, we utilized a unique intraamniotic approach, wherein, the test substances are administered into the amnion of the Gallus gallus egg (on day 17). The embryo orally consumes the amniotic fluid along with the injected test substance before the hatch. We randomly divided ~50 fertilized eggs into 5 groups including 6% grape (juice, puree, and pomace) along with controls (no injection and diluent—H2O). The grape juice was prepared by crushing the grapes; the grape residues were used as pomace. The grape puree included the grape skin, endocarp, mesocarp, and juice but not the seeds. On day 21, the hatch day, the blood, pectoral muscle, liver, duodenum, and large intestine were harvested. Our results showed no significant differences in blood glucose, pectoral glycogen level, or body weight. However, significant (p < 0.05) differences in duodenal and liver gene expression were observed between the treatment groups. The grape puree treatment resulted in higher Clostridium numbers and lower Bifidobacterium numbers when compared to all other groups. In summary, the dietary consumption of grape polyphenols has the potential to beneficially modulate aspects of intestinal health provided their concentration is limited.
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Borges-Vilches J, Aguayo C, Fernández K. The Effect on Hemostasis of Gelatin-Graphene Oxide Aerogels Loaded with Grape Skin Proanthocyanidins: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091772. [PMID: 36145521 PMCID: PMC9501273 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Using in vitro and in vivo models, this study investigated the hemostatic potential to control bleeding of both unloaded gelatin-graphene oxide aerogels and the same loaded with proanthocyanidins (PAs) from Vitis vinifera grape skin extract. Our results showed that the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the aerogels were not affected by PA inclusion. In vitro studies showed that PA-loaded aerogels increased the surface charge, blood absorption capacity and cell viability compared to unloaded ones. These results are relevant for hemostasis, since a greater accumulation of blood cells on the aerogel surface favors aerogel–blood cell interactions. Although PAs alone were not able to promote hemostasis through extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, their incorporation into aerogels did not affect the in vitro hemostatic activity of these composites. In vivo studies demonstrated that both aerogels had significantly increased hemostatic performance compared to SpongostanTM and gauze sponge, and no noticeable effects of PA alone on the in vivo hemostatic performance of aerogels were observed; this may have been related to its poor diffusion from the aerogel matrix. Thus, PAs have a positive effect on hemostasis when incorporated into aerogels, although further studies should be conducted to elucidate the role of this extract in the different stages of hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Borges-Vilches
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Claudio Aguayo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Katherina Fernández
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile
- Correspondence:
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Parekh P, Serra M, Allaw M, Perra M, Marongiu J, Tolle G, Pinna A, Casu MA, Manconi M, Caboni P, Manzoni OJJ, Morelli M. Characterization of Nasco grape pomace-loaded nutriosomes and their neuroprotective effects in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson’s disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:935784. [PMID: 36059998 PMCID: PMC9428270 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.935784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Grape pomaces have recently received great attention for their richness in polyphenols, compounds known to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. These pomaces, however, have low brain bioavailability when administered orally due to their extensive degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. To overcome this problem, Nasco pomace extract was incorporated into a novel nanovesicle system called nutriosomes, composed of phospholipids (S75) and water-soluble maltodextrin (Nutriose® FM06). Nutriosomes were small, homogeneously dispersed, had negative zeta potential, and were biocompatible with intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2). Nasco pomace extract resulted rich in antioxidant polyphenols (gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, procyanidin B2, and quercetin). To investigate the neuroprotective effect of Nasco pomace in the subacute 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of Parkinson’s disease (PD), Nasco nutriosomes or Nasco suspension was administered intragastrically and their neuroprotective effects were evaluated. Degeneration of nigro-striatal dopaminergic neurons induced by subacute MPTP treatment, the pathological hallmark of PD, was assessed through immunohistochemical evaluation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the caudate-putamen (CPu) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), and the dopamine transporter (DAT) in CPu. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that Nasco nutriosomes significantly prevented the reduction in TH- and DAT-positive fibres in CPu, and the number of TH-positive cells in SNc following subacute MPTP treatment, while Nasco suspension counteracted MPTP toxicity exclusively in SNc. Overall, these results highlight the therapeutic effects of Nasco pomace extract when administered in a nutriosome formulation in the subacute MPTP mouse model of PD and validate the effectiveness of the nutriosome preparation over suspension as an innovative nano-drug delivery system for in vivo administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pathik Parekh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marcello Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Marcello Serra,
| | - Mohamad Allaw
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Matteo Perra
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Jacopo Marongiu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giulia Tolle
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pinna
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Neuroscience, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Maria Manconi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Caboni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Micaela Morelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Neuroscience, Cagliari, Italy
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Evaluation of a Dietary Grape Extract on Oxidative Status, Intestinal Morphology, Plasma Acute-Phase Proteins and Inflammation Parameters of Weaning Piglets at Various Points of Time. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081428. [PMID: 35892630 PMCID: PMC9394324 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reports of the underlying mechanisms of dietary grape extract (GE) in overcoming weaning challenges in piglets have been partly inconsistent. Furthermore, evaluations of the effects of GE at weaning in comparison to those of widely used therapeutic antibiotics have been scarce. To explore the mode of action of GE in selected tissues and plasma, we evaluated gut morphology, antioxidant and inflammation indices. Accordingly, 180 weaning piglets were allocated to three treatment groups: negative control (NC), NC and antibiotic treatment for the first 5 days of the trial (positive control, PC), and NC and GE (entire trial). The villus surface was positively affected by GE and PC on day 27/28 of the trial in the jejunum and on day 55/56 of the trial in the ileum. In the colon, NC tended (p < 0.10) to increase crypt parameters compared to PC on day 55/56. The PC group tended (p < 0.10) to increase catalase activity in the ileum and decrease Cu/Zn-SOD activity in the jejunum, both compared to NC. There were no additional effects on antioxidant measurements of tissue and plasma, tissue gene expression, or plasma acute-phase proteins. In conclusion, GE supplementation beneficially affected the villus surface of the small intestine. However, these changes were not linked to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of GE.
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Habib HM, El-Fakharany EM, Kheadr E, Ibrahim WH. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract inhibits DNA and protein damage and labile iron, enzyme, and cancer cell activities. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12393. [PMID: 35859159 PMCID: PMC9300616 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16608-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Grape seed extract from (Vitis vinifera) (VGSE) is an excellent source of various polyphenols that exhibit highly potent antioxidant and disease prevention properties. Although numerous biological activities, with potential for improving human health, have been reported for VGSE, there is a lack of data relating to the health benefits of VGSE on DNA damage, protein damage, labile iron activity, and enzyme inhibitory effects. This investigation demonstrated, for the first time, that VGSE inhibits DNA and BSA damage and labile iron activity in-vitro. Moreover, VGSE also inhibited in-vitro activities of AChE, tyrosinase, and α-amylase. VGSE treatment significantly reduced viability of MCF-7, Hep-G2, Caco-2, and Huh-7 cells after 48-h treatments. The results obtained provide additional support for the purported health benefits of VGSE and reinforce its potential in disease prevention and therapy, especially in relation to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosam M Habib
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Laboratory (FFNL), Dairy Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Esmail M El-Fakharany
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute GEBRI, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA City), New Borg El Arab, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| | - E Kheadr
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Laboratory (FFNL), Dairy Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Wissam H Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE.
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Sevindik O, Kelebek H, Rombolà AD, Selli S. Grape seed oil volatiles and odour activity values: a comparison with Turkish and Italian cultivars and extraction methods. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:1968-1981. [PMID: 35531397 PMCID: PMC9046496 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05212-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Valorization of bioactive-rich wastes of food industry, such as grape seeds, is one of the most popular topic worldwide. The present study is designed to examine the volatiles of grape seed oils obtained by two Turkish (cvs. Okuzgozu and Emir) and two Italian (cvs. Sangiovese and Moscatello) cultivars by using two well-known oil extraction methods, cold percolation (CP) and soxhlet (SX). In order to evaluate their volatile composition, obtained oil extracts were subjected to purge and trap aroma extraction chamber combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry GC-MS. Revealed results showed that the oil yield, volatile compositions and odor activity values (OAVs) of grape seed oils altered depending on both variety and extraction method of the oil. According to results, a total of 60 and 67 volatile compound were detected in CP and SX aromatic extracts. High temperature applied during SX led to form new volatiles and increase in overall volatile composition due to oxidation reactions. Among all aroma groups, alcohols were the dominating aroma group followed by esters in each cultivar for both extraction methods. GSOs obtained by red grape varieties exhibited apparently higher ester concentration while white varieties were abundant in terpenes. Additionally, SX method caused to form some heat derived volatiles. Moreover, a total of 26 and 33 aroma compounds possessed OAVs greater than 1 and ethyl octanoate (sweet-apple odour), nonanal (fatty-citrus odour) and 1-octen-3-ol (mushroom, earthy odour) were found to be dominant volatiles with respect to their OAVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Sevindik
- Central Research Laboratory (CUMERLAB), Cukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Hasim Kelebek
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Adamo Domenico Rombolà
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, FC Italy
| | - Serkan Selli
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey
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Heravi S, Rahimi M, Shahriari M, Ebrahimi SN. Enrichment of phenolic compounds from grape (Vitis vinifera L.) pomace extract using a macroporous resin and response surface methodology. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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47
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Padilla-González GF, Grosskopf E, Sadgrove NJ, Simmonds MSJ. Chemical Diversity of Flavan-3-Ols in Grape Seeds: Modulating Factors and Quality Requirements. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11060809. [PMID: 35336690 PMCID: PMC8953305 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Grape seeds are a rich source of flavan-3-ol monomers, oligomers, and polymers. The diverse profile of compounds includes mainly B-type procyanidins (especially C4→C8 linked molecules) and the key monomers, catechin, and epicatechin that are positively implicated in the 'French Paradox'. Today grape seed nutraceuticals have become a multi-million-dollar industry. This has created incentives to elucidate the variations in chemistry across cultivars, to identify signs of adulteration, and to understand the intrinsic and extrinsic factors controlling the expression of metabolites in the seeds' metabolome. This review provides a critical overview of the existing literature on grape seed chemistry. Although the biosynthetic pathways for polymeric procyanidins in seeds have not yet been explained, abiotic factors have been shown to modulate associated genes. Research of extrinsic factors has demonstrated that the control of procyanidin expression is strongly influenced, in order of importance, by genotype (species first, then variety) and environment, as claimed anecdotally. Unfortunately, research outcomes on the effects of abiotic factors have low certainty, because effects can be specific to genotype or variety, and there is limited control over physical metrics in the field. Thus, to gain a fuller understanding of the effects of abiotic factors and biosynthetic pathways, and realise potential for optimisation, a more fundamental research approach is needed. Nevertheless, the current synthesis offers insight into the selection of species or varieties according to the profile of polyphenols, as well as for optimisation of horticultural practices, with a view to produce products that contain the compounds that support health claims.
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López-Fernández-Sobrino R, Torres-Fuentes C, Bravo FI, Muguerza B. Winery by-products as a valuable source for natural antihypertensive agents. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:7708-7721. [PMID: 35275757 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2049202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is one of the leading causes of death in the world. Agri-food by-products are emerging as a novel source of natural antihypertensive agents allowing for their valorization and making food and agricultural industries more environmentally friendly. In this regard, wine making process generates large amounts of by-products rich in phenolic compounds that have shown potential to exert several beneficial effects including antihypertensive properties. The aim of this study was to review the blood pressure-lowering effects of winery by-products. In addition, molecular mechanisms involved in their bioactivity were also evaluated. Among the winery by-products, grape seed extracts have widely shown antihypertensive properties in both animal and human studies. Moreover, recent evidence suggests that grape stem, skin and pomace and wine lees may also have great potential to manage HTN, although more studies are needed in order to confirm their potential in humans. Improvement of endothelial dysfunction and reduction of oxidative stress associated with HTN are the main mechanisms involved in the blood pressure-lowering effects of these by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl López-Fernández-Sobrino
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Cristina Torres-Fuentes
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francisca Isabel Bravo
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Begoña Muguerza
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
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Wound Dressing: Combination of Acacia Gum/PVP/Cyclic Dextrin in Bioadhesive Patches Loaded with Grape Seed Extract. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030485. [PMID: 35335859 PMCID: PMC8948950 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of wound treatment is conditioned by the combination of both suitable active ingredients and formulation. Grape seed extract (GSE), a waste by-product obtained by grape processing, is a natural source rich in many phenolic compounds responsible for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities and for this reason useful to be used in a wound care product. Bioadhesive polymeric patches have been realized by combining acacia gum (AG) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Prototypes were prepared by considering different AG/PVP ratios and the most suitable in terms of mechanical and bioadhesion properties resulted in the 9.5/1.0 ratio. This patch was loaded with GSE combined with cyclic dextrin (CD) to obtain the molecular dispersion of the active ingredient in the dried formulation. The loaded patch resulted mechanically resistant and able to release GSE by a sustained mechanism reaching concentrations able to stimulate keratinocytes’ growth, to exert both antibacterial and antioxidant activities.
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Enhancement of natural dyeing properties and
UV
resistance of silk fibers modified by phenylboronic acid/hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin functionalized
Fe
3
O
4
particle. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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