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Hilal B, Khan MM, Fariduddin Q. Recent advancements in deciphering the therapeutic properties of plant secondary metabolites: phenolics, terpenes, and alkaloids. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 211:108674. [PMID: 38705044 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Plants produce a diverse range of secondary metabolites that serve as defense compounds against a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition, their potential curative attributes in addressing various human diseases render them valuable in the development of pharmaceutical drugs. Different secondary metabolites including phenolics, terpenes, and alkaloids have been investigated for their antioxidant and therapeutic potential. A vast number of studies evaluated the specific compounds that possess crucial medicinal properties (such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancerous, and antibacterial), their mechanisms of action, and potential applications in pharmacology and medicine. Therefore, an attempt has been made to characterize the secondary metabolites studied in medicinal plants, a brief overview of their biosynthetic pathways and mechanisms of action along with their signaling pathways by which they regulate various oxidative stress-related diseases in humans. Additionally, the biotechnological approaches employed to enhance their production have also been discussed. The outcome of the present review will lead to the development of novel and effective phytomedicines in the treatment of various ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisma Hilal
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | | | - Qazi Fariduddin
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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Sansan OC, Ezin V, Ayenan MAT, Chabi IB, Adoukonou-Sagbadja H, Saïdou A, Ahanchede A. Onion ( Allium cepa L.) and Drought: Current Situation and Perspectives. SCIENTIFICA 2024; 2024:6853932. [PMID: 38455126 PMCID: PMC10919983 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6853932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Onions (Allium cepa L.) are the second most commonly produced and consumed vegetable worldwide due to their economic, nutritional, and medicinal benefits. However, drought hinders vegetative growth, lowers yields and bulb quality, reduces photosynthetic activity, and alters the onion plant's metabolism. This review provides a summary of global research on the impact of drought on onions. It specifically seeks to shed light on aspects that remain unclear and generate research avenues. Relevant scientific articles were sourced from the AGORA database, Web of Science (WoS), and search engines such as Google Scholar, Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMed, and SCImago to achieve this objective. A total of 117 scientific articles and documents related to onion and drought were critically examined. The review revealed agromorphological, physiological, biochemical, and genomic studies depicting factors that contribute to drought tolerance in onion genotypes. However, there was little research on the physiological, biochemical, and genetic characteristics of drought tolerance in onions, which need to be deepened to establish its adaptation mechanisms. Understanding the mechanisms of onion response to water stress will contribute to fast-tracking the development of drought-tolerant genotypes and optimize onion production. Future research should be more focused on investigating onion drought tolerance mechanisms and structural and functional genomics and identifying genes responsible for onion drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladé Charles Sansan
- Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 01 BP 526, Benin
| | - Vincent Ezin
- Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 01 BP 526, Benin
| | - Mathieu Anatole Tele Ayenan
- World Vegetable Center, West and Central Africa Coastal and Humid Regions, IITA-Benin Campus, 08 BP 0932 Tri Postal, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Ifagbémi Bienvenue Chabi
- Laboratory of Human Nutrition and Valorization of Food Bio-ingredients, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 03 BP 2819, Benin
| | - Hubert Adoukonou-Sagbadja
- Laboratory of Genetic and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou BP 526, Benin
| | - Aliou Saïdou
- Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 01 BP 526, Benin
| | - Adam Ahanchede
- Department of Crop Production, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 01 BP 526, Benin
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3
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Hammad KSM, Hefzalrahman T, Morsi MKS, Morsy NFS, Abd El-Salam EA. Optimization of ultrasound- and enzymatic-assisted extractions of polyphenols from dried red onion peels and evaluation of their antioxidant activities. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 54:247-259. [PMID: 37345908 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2225086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
There is a recognized need for exploring new natural antioxidants that have high antioxidant potential. Thus, the aim of this study was to optimize the extraction process of onion peels using ultrasound- and enzymatic-assisted extractions (UAE and EAE) methods to utilize the optimal extracts as natural antioxidants. Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was implemented to reach the optimal extracts with the highest simultaneous content of total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). The optimal UAE and EAE extracts were subjected to High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis to identify their chemical profile. The antioxidant activities of optimal extracts obtained by UAE and EAE were evaluated in vitro using DPPH and FRAP assays and their abilities to increase the oxidative stability of sunflower oil were studied using Rancimat test. The optimal conditions for UAE were 34.02 W, 26.87 mL/g solid, and 45.43 min, meanwhile they were 30.00 mL/g solid, 45.43 min at enzyme concentration of 0.52% for EAE method. DPPH and FRAP assays results revealed that EAE optimal extract show superior antioxidant activity over UAE optimal extract. The protection factor of optimal EAE extract against sunflower oil oxidation was close to that of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima S M Hammad
- Food Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Tarek Hefzalrahman
- Food Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed K S Morsi
- Food Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nashwa F S Morsy
- Food Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Prelac M, Palčić I, Cvitan D, Anđelini D, Repajić M, Ćurko J, Kovačević TK, Goreta Ban S, Užila Z, Ban D, Major N. From Waste to Green: Water-Based Extraction of Polyphenols from Onion Peel and Their Adsorption on Biochar from Grapevine Pruning Residues. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1697. [PMID: 37760000 PMCID: PMC10525769 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Onion peels (OP) are rich in bioactive compounds with a plethora of benefits for human health, but this valuable material is often wasted and underutilized due to its inedibility. Likewise, grapevine pruning residues are commonly treated as agricultural waste, but biochar (BC) obtained from this material has favorable characteristics as an adsorbent. This study investigated the potential of BC in removal of targeted polyphenolic compounds from OP extracts. The OP extracts were obtained adhering to green chemistry principles using deionized water amplified by three methods: maceration (MAC), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). The extraction efficiency on the polyphenolic profile and antioxidant capacity was investigated with different extraction temperatures and solid-to-liquid (s/l) ratios. For further analysis, UAE at 90 °C with an s/l ratio of 1:100 was used due to higher polyphenolic compound yield. The BC adsorption capacity of individual polyphenols was fitted with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Quercetin-3,4'-diglucoside obtained the highest R2 coefficient in both models, and the highest qmax value. The optimum conditions in the dosage experiment suggested an amount of 0.5 g of BC using 3 g/L extracts. The studied BC showed a high affinity for targeted phytochemicals from OP extracts, indicating its potential to be applied for the green adsorption of valuable polyphenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Prelac
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia; (M.P.); (D.C.); (D.A.); (T.K.K.); (S.G.B.); (Z.U.); (D.B.); (N.M.)
| | - Igor Palčić
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia; (M.P.); (D.C.); (D.A.); (T.K.K.); (S.G.B.); (Z.U.); (D.B.); (N.M.)
| | - Danko Cvitan
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia; (M.P.); (D.C.); (D.A.); (T.K.K.); (S.G.B.); (Z.U.); (D.B.); (N.M.)
| | - Dominik Anđelini
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia; (M.P.); (D.C.); (D.A.); (T.K.K.); (S.G.B.); (Z.U.); (D.B.); (N.M.)
| | - Maja Repajić
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.R.); (J.Ć.)
| | - Josip Ćurko
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.R.); (J.Ć.)
| | - Tvrtko Karlo Kovačević
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia; (M.P.); (D.C.); (D.A.); (T.K.K.); (S.G.B.); (Z.U.); (D.B.); (N.M.)
| | - Smiljana Goreta Ban
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia; (M.P.); (D.C.); (D.A.); (T.K.K.); (S.G.B.); (Z.U.); (D.B.); (N.M.)
| | - Zoran Užila
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia; (M.P.); (D.C.); (D.A.); (T.K.K.); (S.G.B.); (Z.U.); (D.B.); (N.M.)
| | - Dean Ban
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia; (M.P.); (D.C.); (D.A.); (T.K.K.); (S.G.B.); (Z.U.); (D.B.); (N.M.)
| | - Nikola Major
- Institute of Agriculture and Tourism, Karla Huguesa 8, 52440 Poreč, Croatia; (M.P.); (D.C.); (D.A.); (T.K.K.); (S.G.B.); (Z.U.); (D.B.); (N.M.)
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Ramires FA, Bavaro AR, D’Antuono I, Linsalata V, D’Amico L, Baruzzi F, Pinto L, Tarantini A, Garbetta A, Cardinali A, Bleve G. Liquid submerged fermentation by selected microbial strains for onion skins valorization and its effects on polyphenols. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:258. [PMID: 37493825 PMCID: PMC10371881 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03708-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Onion skins, actually recycled as organic fertilizers, could be used as a substrate in environmental-friendly bioprocesses to recover high-value bioactive compounds and food ingredients.In this work, a bioprospecting method was carried out including 94 bacterial and 45 yeast strains from several agri-food and environmental niches to verify their ability to grow on onion skins as unique nutrients source.Red and yellow onion skins were assessed by newly selected starter-driven liquid submerged fermentation assays mainly aimed at the release and modification of polyphenols through microbial activities. Fermented onion skins were also investigated as a inexpensive favourable source of microbial enzymes (amylases, proteases, lipases, esterases, cellulases, xylanases).In red onion skins, the treatment with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum TB 11-32 produced a slight increase of bioactive compounds in terms of total phenolics, whereas with the yeast strain Zygosaccharomyces mrakii CL 30 - 29 the quercetin aglycone content increased of about 25% of the initial raw material.In yellow onion skins inoculated, the highest content of phenolic compounds was detected with the yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae En SC, while quercetin aglycone increased of about 60% of the initial raw material in presence of the bacterial strain L. plantarum C 180 - 34.In conclusion, the proposed microbial pre-treatment method can be a potential strategy to re-use onion skins as a fermentation substrate, and as a first step in the development of a biorefinery process to produce value-added products from onion by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Anna Ramires
- Lecce Unit, National Research Council, - Institute of Sciences of Food Procuction (CNR-ISPA), Lecce, 73100 Italy
| | - Anna Rita Bavaro
- National Research Council, - Institute of Sciences of Food Procuction (CNR-ISPA), Bari, 70126 Italy
| | - Isabella D’Antuono
- National Research Council, - Institute of Sciences of Food Procuction (CNR-ISPA), Bari, 70126 Italy
| | - Vito Linsalata
- National Research Council, - Institute of Sciences of Food Procuction (CNR-ISPA), Bari, 70126 Italy
| | - Leone D’Amico
- Lecce Unit, National Research Council, - Institute of Sciences of Food Procuction (CNR-ISPA), Lecce, 73100 Italy
| | - Federico Baruzzi
- National Research Council, - Institute of Sciences of Food Procuction (CNR-ISPA), Bari, 70126 Italy
| | - Loris Pinto
- National Research Council, - Institute of Sciences of Food Procuction (CNR-ISPA), Bari, 70126 Italy
| | - Annamaria Tarantini
- Lecce Unit, National Research Council, - Institute of Sciences of Food Procuction (CNR-ISPA), Lecce, 73100 Italy
- University of Bari Aldo Moro, Plant and Food Science Department (Di.S.S.P.A), Soil, Bari, 70126 Italy
| | - Antonella Garbetta
- National Research Council, - Institute of Sciences of Food Procuction (CNR-ISPA), Bari, 70126 Italy
| | - Angela Cardinali
- National Research Council, - Institute of Sciences of Food Procuction (CNR-ISPA), Bari, 70126 Italy
| | - Gianluca Bleve
- Lecce Unit, National Research Council, - Institute of Sciences of Food Procuction (CNR-ISPA), Lecce, 73100 Italy
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M Al-Ansari M, Al-Humaid L, Aldawsari M, Abid IF, Jhanani GK, Shanmuganathan R. Quercetin extraction from small onion skin (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum Don.) and its antioxidant activity. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115497. [PMID: 36805894 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the maximum yield of quercetin was optimized for the ethanol extraction of small onions (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum Don.), and the antioxidant activity was investigated in vitro. The extraction of quercetin from the small onion skin was carried out through ethanol solvent extraction with different ratios of ethanol and water. Ethanol: water ratio produced the highest quercetin from the onion skin. RP-HPLC analysis of the extracted material showed 2, 122 mg/g of quercetin and 0.34 mg/g of isorhamnetin. A total of 301.03 mg GAE/g dry weight and 156 mg/g quercetin equivalents were found in the onion skin extract. DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging potentials of the tested extract (90:10 v/v) were dose-dependent, with IC50 values of 62.27 μg/mL and 53.65 μg/mL, respectively. Therefore, the present study reports that small onion skin extract rich in quercetin may serve as a promising antioxidant and anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mysoon M Al-Ansari
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Latifah Al-Humaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majdoleen Aldawsari
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Islem Faraj Abid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - G K Jhanani
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research (CFTR), Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Rajasree Shanmuganathan
- University Centre for Research & Development, Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.
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Kim JS, Lee EB, Choi JH, Jung J, Jeong UY, Bae UJ, Jang HH, Park SY, Cha YS, Lee SH. Antioxidant and Immune Stimulating Effects of Allium cepa Skin in the RAW 264.7 Cells and in the C57BL/6 Mouse Immunosuppressed by Cyclophosphamide. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040892. [PMID: 37107267 PMCID: PMC10135734 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Allium cepa L. (onion) has been reported to have various pharmacological effects, such as preventing heart disease, and improving antimicrobial activity and immunological effects. The Republic of Korea produced 1,195,563 tons of onions (2022). The flesh of onion is used as food while the onion skin (OS) is thrown away as an agro-food by-product and is considered to induce environmental pollution. Thus, we hypothesize that increasing usage of OS as functional food material could help protect from the environment pollution. The antioxidant effects and immune-enhancing effects of OS were evaluated as functional activities of OS. In this study, OS showed high 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity. The antioxidant activities increased in a dose-dependent manner. The IC50 values of DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and XO inhibitory activity were 954.9 μg/mL, 28.0 μg/mL, and 10.7 μg/mL, respectively. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities of OS in RAW 264.7 cells were higher than those of the media control. There was no cytotoxicity of OS found in RAW 264.7 cells. Nitric oxide and cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) concentrations in RAW 264.7 cells significantly increased in a dose dependent manner. Immune-stimulating effects of OS were evaluated in immunosuppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide. White blood cell count and the B cell proliferation of splenocytes were higher in OS100 (OS extract 100 mg/kg body weight) and OS200 (OS extract 200 mg/kg body weight) groups than in the negative control (NC) group. Serum IgG and cytokine (IL-1β and IFN-γ) levels were also higher in OS100 and OS200 groups than in the NC group. OS treatment increased NK cell activity compared with the NC group. The results suggested that OS can improve antioxidant and immune stimulating effects. The use of OS as functional supplement can reduce the agro-food by-product and it may contribute to carbon neutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Su Kim
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Byeol Lee
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Choi
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Jung
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Un-Yul Jeong
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ui-Jin Bae
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Hee Jang
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Young Park
- Fermented and Processed Food Science Division, Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Soo Cha
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-Daero, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyen Lee
- Functional Food Division, Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
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‘Aqilah NMN, Rovina K, Felicia WXL, Vonnie JM. A Review on the Potential Bioactive Components in Fruits and Vegetable Wastes as Value-Added Products in the Food Industry. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062631. [PMID: 36985603 PMCID: PMC10052168 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The food production industry is a significant contributor to the generation of millions of tonnes of waste every day. With the increasing public concern about waste production, utilizing the waste generated from popular fruits and vegetables, which are rich in high-added-value compounds, has become a focal point. By efficiently utilizing food waste, such as waste from the fruit and vegetable industries, we can adopt a sustainable consumption and production pattern that aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper provides an overview of the high-added-value compounds derived from fruit and vegetable waste and their sources. The inclusion of bioactive compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antibrowning properties can enhance the quality of materials due to the high phenolic content present in them. Waste materials such as peels, seeds, kernels, and pomace are also actively employed as adsorbents, natural colorants, indicators, and enzymes in the food industry. Therefore, this article compiles all consumer-applicable uses of fruit and vegetable waste into a single document.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kobun Rovina
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +006-088-320000 (ext. 8713); Fax: +006-088-320993
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Mardani N, Jahadi M, Sadeghian M, Keighobadi K, Khosravi-Darani K. Antimicrobial activities, phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant and DNA protection of the internal and outer layers of Allium cepa L. from Iran. NFS JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nfs.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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10
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Grande R, Räisänen R, Dou J, Rajala S, Malinen K, Nousiainen PA, Österberg M. In Situ Adsorption of Red Onion ( Allium cepa) Natural Dye on Cellulose Model Films and Fabrics Exploiting Chitosan as a Natural Mordant. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:5451-5463. [PMID: 36816685 PMCID: PMC9933475 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic dyes and chemicals create an enormous impact on environmental pollution both in textile manufacturing and after the product's lifetime. Biobased plant-derived colorants and mordants have great potential for the development of more sustainable textile dyeing processes. Colorants isolated from biomass residues are renewable, biodegradable, and usually less harmful than their synthetic counterparts. Interestingly, they may also bring additional functions to the materials. However, the extraction and purification of the biocolorants from biomass as well as their dyeing efficiency and color fastness properties require a more thorough examination. Here, we extracted red onion (Allium cepa) skins to obtain polyphenolic flavonoids and anthocyanins as biocolorants, characterized the chemical composition of the mixture, and used a quartz crystal microbalance and thin films of cellulose nanofibrils to study the adsorption kinetics of dyes onto cellulose substrates in situ. The effect of different mordants on the adsorption behavior was also investigated. Comparison of these results with conventional dyeing experiments of textiles enabled us to determine the interaction mechanism of the dyes with substrates and mordants. Chitosan showed high potential as a biobased mordant based both on its ability to facilitate fast adsorption of polyphenols to cellulose and its ability to retain the purple color of the red onion dye (ROD) in comparison to the metal mordants FeSO4 and alum. The ROD also showed excellent UV-shielding efficiency at low concentrations, suggesting that biocolorants, due to their more complex composition compared to synthetic ones, can have multiple actions in addition to providing aesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Grande
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150Espoo, Finland
| | - Riikka Räisänen
- Craft
Science, University of Helsinki, Siltavuorenpenger 10, 00014Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jinze Dou
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150Espoo, Finland
| | - Satu Rajala
- Craft
Science, University of Helsinki, Siltavuorenpenger 10, 00014Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kiia Malinen
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150Espoo, Finland
| | - Paula A. Nousiainen
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150Espoo, Finland
| | - Monika Österberg
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Vuorimiehentie 1, 02150Espoo, Finland
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Berdugo-Cely JA, Céron-Lasso MDS, Yockteng R. Phenotypic and molecular analyses in diploid and tetraploid genotypes of Solanum tuberosum L. reveal promising genotypes and candidate genes associated with phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid contents, and antioxidant activity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1007104. [PMID: 36743552 PMCID: PMC9889998 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1007104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Potato tubers contain biochemical compounds with antioxidant properties that benefit human health. However, the genomic basis of the production of antioxidant compounds in potatoes has largely remained unexplored. Therefore, we report the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) based on 4488 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and the phenotypic evaluation of Total Phenols Content (TPC), Ascorbic Acid Content (AAC), and Antioxidant Activity (AA) traits in 404 diverse potato genotypes (84 diploids and 320 tetraploids) conserved at the Colombian germplasm bank that administers AGROSAVIA. The concentration of antioxidant compounds correlated to the skin tuber color and ploidy level. Especially, purple-blackish tetraploid tubers had the highest TPC (2062.41 ± 547.37 mg GAE), while diploid pink-red tubers presented the highest AA (DDPH: 14967.1 ± 4687.79 μmol TE; FRAP: 2208.63 ± 797.35 mg AAE) and AAC (4.52 mg ± 0.68 AA). The index selection allowed us to choose 20 promising genotypes with the highest values for the antioxidant compounds. Genome Association mapping identified 58 SNP-Trait Associations (STAs) with single-locus models and 28 Quantitative Trait Nucleotide (QTNs) with multi-locus models associated with the evaluated traits. Among models, eight STAs/QTNs related to TPC, AAC, and AA were detected in common, flanking seven candidate genes, from which four were pleiotropic. The combination in one population of diploid and tetraploid genotypes enabled the identification of more genetic associations. However, the GWAS analysis implemented independently in populations detected some regions in common between diploids and tetraploids not detected in the mixed population. Candidate genes have molecular functions involved in phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid biosynthesis, and antioxidant responses concerning plant abiotic stress. All candidate genes identified in this study can be used for further expression analysis validation and future implementation in marker-assisted selection pre-breeding platforms targeting fortified materials. Our study further revealed the importance of potato germplasm conserved in national genebanks, such as AGROSAVIA's, as a valuable genetic resource to improve existing potato varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhon A. Berdugo-Cely
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria-AGROSAVIA, Centro de Investigación Turipaná, Km 13 vía Montería-Cereté, Montería, Córdoba, Colombia
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Km 13 vía Mosquera-Bogotá, Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - María del Socorro Céron-Lasso
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Km 13 vía Mosquera-Bogotá, Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Roxana Yockteng
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá, Km 13 vía Mosquera-Bogotá, Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité-UMR-CNRS 7205, National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France
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12
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Anjani, Mathur J, Srivastava N. Value added bioactive compounds from fruits & vegetables waste for assessing their antimicrobial activity. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:71. [PMID: 36622499 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03488-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Since ancient time, plants and there parts have been used widely against dreadful pathogens due to ability of killing microbes. Waste from fruits and vegetables are pulling in more interest in exploration due to their therapeutic properties such as anti-pathogenic activity. In the present study antimicrobial and cytotoxicity properties of herbal combination prepared from peels of Allium cepa, Cucumis sativus, Citrus reticulata, and Mangifera indica were investigated. The herbal combination was tested for broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans, Bacillus licheniformis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Citrobacter freundii. The presence of phytochemical markers such as phenolics and flavanoids were also investigated. The results revealed that the herbal combination exhibited antimicrobial activity against S. mutans, B. licheniformis, L. plantarum, E. coli and moderate against P. aeruginosa and C. freundii. The presence of phenolics (798 ± 1.52 µg/g) and flavanoids (355.3 ± 2.081 µg/g) was also detected. Also, the herbal combination contains flavanoids such as quercetin and rutin was confirmed with the help of column chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) analysis. The herbal combination helps in the proliferation of L929 cells without affecting their viability was confirmed by MTT assay. The results of the present research suggests the possibility to use herbal combination as source for plausible antibacterial agent which could be isolated and used as a lead candidate for the development of antibacterial drug that help to limit or stop infectious illnesses caused by different pathogenic microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjani
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk, Rajasthan, 304022, India
| | - Jyoti Mathur
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk, Rajasthan, 304022, India.
| | - Nidhi Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Uttar Pradesh, Raebareli, Lucknow, India.
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13
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Ali NB, El-Shiekh RA, Ashour RM, El-Gayed SH, Abdel-Sattar E, Hassan M. In Vitro and In Vivo Antibiofilm Activity of Red Onion Scales: An Agro-Food Waste. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28010355. [PMID: 36615550 PMCID: PMC9822268 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Red onion wastes (ROW) are valuable sources of bioactive metabolites with promising antimicrobial effects. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are a growing risk in hospitals and communities. This study aims to investigate the in vitro and in vivo antibiofilm activities of the acidified ethanolic extract of red onion scales (RO-T) and its fractions against an MRSA vaginal colonization model. The RO-T extract, as well as its anthocyanin-rich fraction (RO-P) and flavonoid-rich fraction (RO-S), recorded a promising antibacterial activity against highly virulent strains of bacteria (MRSA, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). RO-S showed the highest antibacterial activity (MBC of 0.33 ± 0.11 mg/mL) against MRSA USA300 and significantly eradicated its biofilm formation with an IC50 of 0.003. Using a rat model, in vivo assessment on all samples, which were formulated as a hydrogel, revealed a significant reduction of MRSA bacterial load recovered from an infected vagina compared to that of the negative control group (NCG). RO-T extract and vancomycin groups recorded the highest antibacterial activity with a bacterial load 2.998 and 3.358 logs lower than the NCG, respectively. The histopathological investigation confirmed our findings. RO-T and RO-S were standardized for their quercetin content. Finally, ROW offers a new potent antibiofilm agent mostly due to its high quercetin content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen B. Ali
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Riham A. El-Shiekh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Rehab M. Ashour
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Sabah H. El-Gayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 6th October University, Cairo 12585, Egypt
| | - Essam Abdel-Sattar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Mariam Hassan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala City, Suez 43511, Egypt
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Sagar NA, Kumar Y, Singh R, Nickhil C, Kumar D, Sharma P, Om Pandey H, Bhoj S, Tarafdar A. Onion waste based-biorefinery for sustainable generation of value-added products. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 362:127870. [PMID: 36049716 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Waste derived from the onion processing sector can be harnessed for the production of organic acids, polyphenols, polysachharides, biofuels and pigments. To sustainably utilize onion processing residues, different biorefinery strategies such as enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation and hydrothermal carbonization have been widely investigated. This review discusses the recent advances in the biorefinery approaches used for valorization of onion processing waste followed by the production of different value-added products from diverse classes of onion waste. The review also highlights the current challenges faced by the bioprocessing sector for the utilization of onion processing waste and perspectives to tackle them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narashans Alok Sagar
- Division of Livestock Products Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243 122, India
| | - Yogesh Kumar
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM University, Sonipat, Haryana 131 029, India
| | - Ramveer Singh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand 249 404, India
| | - C Nickhil
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam 784 028, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Division of Food Technology, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana 121 004, India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Botany, Rotary Institute of Management and Technology, Chandausi, Uttar Pradesh 244 412, India
| | - Hari Om Pandey
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243 122, India
| | - Suvarna Bhoj
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243 122, India
| | - Ayon Tarafdar
- Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243 122, India.
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Redhead AK, Azman NFIN, Nasaruddin AI, Vu T, Santos F, Malheiros R, Hussin ASM, Toomer OT. Peanut Skins as a Natural Antimicrobial Feed Additive To Reduce the Transmission of Salmonella in Poultry Meat Produced for Human Consumption. J Food Prot 2022; 85:1479-1487. [PMID: 34762731 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Salmonella is the leading cause of bacterial foodborne zoonoses in humans. Thus, the development of strategies to control bacterial pathogens in poultry is essential. Peanut skins, a considerable waste by-product of the peanut industry is discarded and of little economic value. However, peanut skins contain identified polyphenolic compounds that have antimicrobial properties. Hence, we aim to investigate the use of peanut skins as an antibacterial feed additive in the diets of broilers to prevent the proliferation of Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). One hundred sixty male hatchlings (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to (i) peanut skin diet without SE inoculation (PS); (ii) peanut skin diet and SE inoculation (PSSE); (iii) control diet without SE inoculation (CON); and (iv) control diet with SE inoculation (CONSE). Feed intake and body weights were determined at weeks 0 and 5. On days 10 and 24 posthatch, three birds per pen (24 total) from each treatment group were euthanized, and the liver, spleen, small intestine, and ceca were collected. The weights of the liver, spleen, and ceca were recorded. Organ invasion was determined by counting SE colonies. Each pen served as an experimental unit and was analyzed by using a t test. Performance data were analyzed in a completely randomized design by using a general linear mixed model to evaluate differences. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in weekly average pen body weight, total feed consumption, bird weight gain, and feed conversion ratio between the treatment groups. There were no significant differences in SE CFU per gram for fecal, litter, or feed between the treatment groups CONSE and PSSE. However, for both fecal and litter, the PSSE treatment group tended (P ≤ 0.1) to have a lower Salmonella CFU per gram compared with the CONSE treatment group. The results indicate that peanut skins may have potential application as an antimicrobial feed additive to reduce the transmission or proliferation of SE in poultry environments or flocks. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam K Redhead
- Math and Science Department, Andrew College, Cuthbert, Georgia 39840, USA
| | - Nur Fatin Inazlina Noor Azman
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, U.S. Department of Agriculture, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Anis Izzaty Nasaruddin
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, U.S. Department of Agriculture, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Thien Vu
- Food Science and Market Quality and Handling Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Fernanda Santos
- Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences Department, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Ramon Malheiros
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Anis Shobirin Meor Hussin
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, U.S. Department of Agriculture, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA.,Halal Products Research Institute, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ondulla T Toomer
- Food Science and Market Quality and Handling Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, NC State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
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16
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Quality and shelf life assessment of steam-cooked chicken fingers coated with essential oil nanoemulsions. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Quality Changes in Black Chokeberry Juice Treated by Thermal-Assisted High Hydrostatic Pressure during Cold Storage. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27185892. [PMID: 36144629 PMCID: PMC9500851 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The effects of thermal-assisted high hydrostatic pressure (TAHHP), high hydrostatic pressure (HHP), and thermal pasteurization (TP) treatments on the quality of aronia juice were evaluated in this study. The results showed that TAHHP and HHP significantly decreased the aerobic plate counts of aronia juice. No significant differences in terms of physicochemical properties, such as pH and total soluble solids, were observed between aronia juice treated with high pressure or thermal pasteurization treatment after 28 days of storage. TAHHP and HHP affected the colour and antioxidant characteristics of aronia juice, though to a significantly lower extent than TP. This result demonstrates that TAHHP and HHP can better maintain the original quality of aronia juice than TP. In summary, both TAHHP and HHP can maintain the microbiological safety and original quality characteristics of aronia juice. TAHHP can effectively increase the safety and duration of cold storage of aronia juice, and hence is highly useful for the juice industry.
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18
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Balada C, Díaz V, Castro M, Echeverría-Bugueño M, Marchant MJ, Guzmán L. Chemistry and Bioactivity of Microsorum scolopendria (Polypodiaceae): Antioxidant Effects on an Epithelial Damage Model. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175467. [PMID: 36080235 PMCID: PMC9457714 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsorum scolopendia (MS), which grows on the Chilean island of Rapa Nui, is a medicinal fern used to treat several diseases. Despite being widely used, this fern has not been deeply investigated. The aim of this study was to perform a characterization of the polyphenolic and flavonoid identity, radical scavenging, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties of MS rhizome and leaf extracts (RAE and HAE). The compound identity was analyzed through the reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method coupled with mass spectrometry. The radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated for DPPH, ORAC, ROS formation, and COX inhibition activity assay. The antimicrobial properties were evaluated using an infection model on Human Dermal Fibroblast adult (HDFa) cell lines incubated with Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The most abundant compounds were phenolic acids between 46% to 57% in rhizome and leaf extracts, respectively; followed by flavonoids such as protocatechic acid 4-O-glucoside, cirsimaritin, and isoxanthohumol, among others. MS extract inhibited and disaggregated the biofilm bacterial formed and showed an anti-inflammatory selective property against COX-2 enzyme. RAE generated a 64% reduction of ROS formation in the presence of S. aureus and 87.35% less ROS in the presence of S. epidermidis on HDFa cells. MS has great therapeutic potential and possesses several biological properties that should be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal Balada
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Universidad 330, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Valentina Díaz
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Universidad 330, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Mónica Castro
- Laboratorio de Propagación, Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas y de los Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, La Palma S/N, Quillota 2260000, Chile
| | - Macarena Echeverría-Bugueño
- Laboratorio de Patología de Organismos Acuáticos y Biotecnología Acuícola, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Quillota 980, Viña del Mar 2531015, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario para la Investigación Acuícola (INCAR), Universidad Andrés Bello, Quillota 980, Viña del Mar 2531015, Chile
| | - María José Marchant
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Universidad 330, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Leda Guzmán
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Universidad 330, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
- Correspondence:
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Samota MK, Sharma M, Kaur K, Sarita, Yadav DK, Pandey AK, Tak Y, Rawat M, Thakur J, Rani H. Onion anthocyanins: Extraction, stability, bioavailability, dietary effect, and health implications. Front Nutr 2022; 9:917617. [PMID: 35967791 PMCID: PMC9363841 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.917617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are high-value compounds, and their use as functional foods and their natural colorant have potential health benefits. Anthocyanins seem to possess antioxidant properties, which help prevent neuronal diseases and thereby exhibit anti-inflammatory, chemotherapeutic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective activities. They also show different therapeutic effects against various chronic diseases. Anthocyanins are present in high concentrations in onion. In recent years, although both conventional and improved methods have been used for extraction of anthocyanins, nowadays, improved methods are of great importance because of their higher yield and stability of anthocyanins. In this review, we compile anthocyanins and their derivatives found in onion and the factors affecting their stability. We also analyze different extraction techniques of anthocyanins. From this point of view, it is very important to be precisely aware of the impact that each parameter has on the stability and subsequently potentiate its bioavailability or beneficial health effects. We present up-to-date information on bioavailability, dietary effects, and health implications of anthocyanins such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancerous, antiobesity, cardioprotective, and hepatoprotective activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Kumar Samota
- Horticulture Crop Processing (HCP) Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering & Technology (CIPHET), Punjab, India
| | - Madhvi Sharma
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Khalsa College, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Kulwinder Kaur
- Department of Processing and Food Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Sarita
- College of Agriculture, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Yadav
- Division of Environmental Soil Science, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science (IISS), Bhopal, MP, India
| | - Abhay K Pandey
- Department of Mycology and Microbiology, Tea Research Association-North Bengal Regional R & D Center, Nagrakata, West Bengal, India
| | - Yamini Tak
- Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Agriculture University, Kota, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mandeep Rawat
- Department of Horticulture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Julie Thakur
- Department of Botany, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Heena Rani
- Department of Biochemistry, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Stoica F, Condurache NN, Horincar G, Constantin OE, Turturică M, Stănciuc N, Aprodu I, Croitoru C, Râpeanu G. Value-Added Crackers Enriched with Red Onion Skin Anthocyanins Entrapped in Different Combinations of Wall Materials. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061048. [PMID: 35739945 PMCID: PMC9219925 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to encapsulate anthocyanins from red onion skins into different biopolymeric matrices as a way to develop powders with multifunctional activities. Two different variants of powders were obtained using a combination of gelation and freeze-drying techniques and characterized by encapsulation efficiency, antioxidant activity, phytochemical content, and color. Stability during storage and the bioavailability of anthocyanins in the in vitro simulated digestion were also examined. Powder V2, with a higher concentration of polysaccharides than V1, allowed a better encapsulation efficiency (90.53 ± 0.29%) and good stability during storage. Both variants had a high content of phytochemicals and antioxidant activity. In vitro investigations proved that an increased polysaccharides concentration offers the best protection for anthocyanins. Thus, a controlled release of the anthocyanins in the intestinal medium was achieved. The powder with the highest encapsulation efficiency was added to crackers, followed by phytochemical characterization to assess its potential added value. The addition of the micro-particles improved the functional characteristics such as antioxidant activity, showing its suitability for the development of bakery products. The attained results may bring implicit benefits to consumers, who can benefit from improved bioactive concentrations in foodstuffs, with significant health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florina Stoica
- Integrated Center for Research, Expertise and Technological Transfer in Food Industry, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 111 Domnească Street, 800201 Galati, Romania; (F.S.); (N.N.C.); (G.H.); (O.E.C.); (M.T.); (N.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Nina Nicoleta Condurache
- Integrated Center for Research, Expertise and Technological Transfer in Food Industry, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 111 Domnească Street, 800201 Galati, Romania; (F.S.); (N.N.C.); (G.H.); (O.E.C.); (M.T.); (N.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Georgiana Horincar
- Integrated Center for Research, Expertise and Technological Transfer in Food Industry, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 111 Domnească Street, 800201 Galati, Romania; (F.S.); (N.N.C.); (G.H.); (O.E.C.); (M.T.); (N.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Oana Emilia Constantin
- Integrated Center for Research, Expertise and Technological Transfer in Food Industry, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 111 Domnească Street, 800201 Galati, Romania; (F.S.); (N.N.C.); (G.H.); (O.E.C.); (M.T.); (N.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Mihaela Turturică
- Integrated Center for Research, Expertise and Technological Transfer in Food Industry, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 111 Domnească Street, 800201 Galati, Romania; (F.S.); (N.N.C.); (G.H.); (O.E.C.); (M.T.); (N.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Nicoleta Stănciuc
- Integrated Center for Research, Expertise and Technological Transfer in Food Industry, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 111 Domnească Street, 800201 Galati, Romania; (F.S.); (N.N.C.); (G.H.); (O.E.C.); (M.T.); (N.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Iuliana Aprodu
- Integrated Center for Research, Expertise and Technological Transfer in Food Industry, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 111 Domnească Street, 800201 Galati, Romania; (F.S.); (N.N.C.); (G.H.); (O.E.C.); (M.T.); (N.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Constantin Croitoru
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, 61 Marasti Blvd, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (G.R.); Tel.: +4-0336-130177 (G.R.)
| | - Gabriela Râpeanu
- Integrated Center for Research, Expertise and Technological Transfer in Food Industry, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 111 Domnească Street, 800201 Galati, Romania; (F.S.); (N.N.C.); (G.H.); (O.E.C.); (M.T.); (N.S.); (I.A.)
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (G.R.); Tel.: +4-0336-130177 (G.R.)
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Bibi N, Shah MH, Khan N, Al-Hashimi A, Elshikh MS, Iqbal A, Ahmad S, Abbasi AM. Variations in Total Phenolic, Total Flavonoid Contents, and Free Radicals' Scavenging Potential of Onion Varieties Planted under Diverse Environmental Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11070950. [PMID: 35406930 PMCID: PMC9002954 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Genetic diversity and Agro-climatic conditions contribute significantly to the agronomic and morphological features of the food plant species, and their nutraceutical potential. The present study was intended to evaluate the impact of growing conditions on total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, and in vitro antioxidant potential in the bulbs and leaves of onion varieties planted under diverse environmental conditions. Standard analytical methods were used to quantify total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and free radicals’ scavenging/antioxidant capacity. The impact of climatic and soil conditions was assessed using statistical tools. In general, onion varieties cultivated at three different locations viz. Kalar Kahar, Lahore and Swabi exhibited significant variations in TPC and TFC, and antioxidant activities. The bulbs and leaves of Mustang (V1) variety planted at Lahore and Swabi had significantly (p < 0.05), high levels of TPC (659.5 ± 6.59, and 631.1 ± 8.58 mg GAE/100 g, respectively). However, leaves of Red Orb (V2) and bulbs of Mustang (V1), and Golden Orb (V6), harvested from Kalar Kahar depicted the highest concentration of TFC (432.5 ± 10.3, 303.0 ± 6.67, and 303.0 ± 2.52 mg QE/100 g DW, respectively). Likewise, bulbs of V1 planted at Kalar Kahar, Lahore and Swabi exhibited maximum inhibition of DPPH, ABTS, and H2O2 radicals (79.01 ± 1.49, 65.38 ± 0.99, and 59.76 ± 0.90%, respectively). Golden Orb (V6) harvested from Lahore had the highest scavenging of OH radical (67.40 ± 0.09%). Likewise, bulbs of V1 variety planted at KalarKahar and Swabi had significant capacity to scavenge ferric ions (415.1 ± 10.6 mg GAE/100 g DW), and molybdate ions (213.7 ± 0.00 mg AAE/100 g DW). Conversely, leaves of Amazon (V8), planted at Lahore and Swabi depicted significant levels of DPPH, ABTS, H2O2 radical scavenging (90.69 ± 0.26, 63.55 ± 1.06, 51.86 ± 0.43%, respectively), and reduction of ferric ions (184.2 ± 6.75 mg GAE/100 g DW). V6 leaves harvested from Lahore and that of Super Sarhad (V3) from Swabi showed the highest inhibition of OH radical (61.21 ± 0.79%), and molybdate ions (623.6 ± 0.12 mg AAE/100 g DW), respectively. Pearson correlation and principal component analysis revealed strong relationships of climatic conditions, soil properties and elevation with TPC, TFC and free radicals’ scavenging potential in the bulbs and leaves of onion varieties. The variations in the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and antioxidant potential of different varieties, and their associations with climatic and soil factors revealed the complexity of the growing conditions and genetic makeup that imposed significant impacts on the synthesis of secondary metabolites and nutraceutical potential of food and medicinal plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Bibi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan; (N.B.); (A.I.)
| | - Munir H. Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan;
| | - Nadeem Khan
- Department of Breeding and Genomics, Magnus Kahl Seeds (Pty), 6A Dairy Drive Coburg North, Coburg, VIC 3058, Australia;
| | - Abdulrahman Al-Hashimi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.-H.); (M.S.E.)
| | - Mohamed Soliman Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.-H.); (M.S.E.)
| | - Akhtar Iqbal
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan; (N.B.); (A.I.)
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100048, China;
| | - Arshad Mehmood Abbasi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan; (N.B.); (A.I.)
- Correspondence: or
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Tabussam N, Rana RM, Shah MKN, Ahmad MS, Sajjad M, Lu Y. Nutraceutical profiling of elite onion germplasm and breeding hybrids with improved nutraceutical quality. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262705. [PMID: 35045129 PMCID: PMC8769310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Onion (Allium cepa L) is a major reservoir of important nutraceutical ingredients. Herein, nutraceutical profiling of elite germplasm was assessed and hybrids with improved nutraceutical quality were selected. The nutraceutical components were screened through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis (scan range 4000-400cm-1) followed by spectrophotometric/colorimetric quantification in oven dried bulb samples. Line × Tester (L×T) analysis was used to identify potential hybrids with better nutraceutical quality. Based on common functional groups obtained from FTIR analysis, as well as bulb color, the onion genotypes were categorized into six groups viz., white, yellowish brown, light brown, dark brown, brown and purplish brown. Results indicated that the purplish brown, yellowish brown and dark brown genotypes had maximum concentration of pyruvic acid, total flavonoids and total phenolic content, while vitamin C content showed weak association with color pigmentation. The onion variety 'Onion Swat' contained the highest level of pyruvic acid (17.18 μM) and 'MKS8823GO' had the highest vitamin C content (13.83mg/100mL). The L×T analysis revealed that out of 35 crosses, 'MKS-77127 × Onion Swat' and 'MKS-77127 × MKS777' were the best hybrids with improved nutraceutical quality. Further, observations for specific combining ability, general combining ability, genetic versus environmental variance, heritability and heterosis indicated that the studied parameters were genetically inherited and could be improved significantly by adopting an appropriate breeding strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najma Tabussam
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Mehmood Rana
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
| | - Muhammad Kausar Nawaz Shah
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sheeraz Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajjad
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yongqiang Lu
- Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan Province, P.R. China
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23
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Sagar NA, Pareek S, Benkeblia N, Xiao J. Onion (
Allium cepa
L.) bioactives: Chemistry, pharmacotherapeutic functions, and industrial applications. FOOD FRONTIERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Narashans Alok Sagar
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management Kundli Sonepat Haryana India
| | - Sunil Pareek
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management Kundli Sonepat Haryana India
| | - Noureddine Benkeblia
- Department of Life Sciences/The Biotechnology Centre The University of the West Indies Kingston Jamaica
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Universidade de Vigo Ourense Spain
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Segundo RF, De La Cruz-Noriega M, Milly Otiniano N, Benites SM, Esparza M, Nazario-Naveda R. Use of Onion Waste as Fuel for the Generation of Bioelectricity. Molecules 2022; 27:625. [PMID: 35163889 PMCID: PMC8838531 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The enormous environmental problems that arise from organic waste have increased due to the significant population increase worldwide. Microbial fuel cells provide a novel solution for the use of waste as fuel for electricity generation. In this investigation, onion waste was used, and managed to generate maximum peaks of 4.459 ± 0.0608 mA and 0.991 ± 0.02 V of current and voltage, respectively. The conductivity values increased rapidly to 179,987 ± 2859 mS/cm, while the optimal pH in which the most significant current was generated was 6968 ± 0.286, and the ° Brix values decreased rapidly due to the degradation of organic matter. The microbial fuel cells showed a low internal resistance (154,389 ± 5228 Ω), with a power density of 595.69 ± 15.05 mW/cm2 at a current density of 6.02 A/cm2; these values are higher than those reported by other authors in the literature. The diffractogram spectra of the onion debris from FTIR show a decrease in the most intense peaks, compared to the initial ones with the final ones. It was possible to identify the species Pseudomona eruginosa, Acinetobacter bereziniae, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Yarrowia lipolytica adhered to the anode electrode at the end of the monitoring using the molecular technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rojas-Flores Segundo
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias y Tecnología de la Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Trujillo 13001, Peru; (M.D.L.C.-N.); (N.M.O.)
| | - Magaly De La Cruz-Noriega
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias y Tecnología de la Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Trujillo 13001, Peru; (M.D.L.C.-N.); (N.M.O.)
| | - Nélida Milly Otiniano
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias y Tecnología de la Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Trujillo 13001, Peru; (M.D.L.C.-N.); (N.M.O.)
| | - Santiago M. Benites
- Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Autónoma del Perú, Lima 15842, Peru;
| | - Mario Esparza
- Laboratorio Generbim (Genetica, Reproduccion y Biologia Molecular), Escuela de Medicina Humana, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego, Trujillo 13001, Peru;
| | - Renny Nazario-Naveda
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Aplicadas y Nuevas Tecnologías, Universidad Privada del Norte, Trujillo 13007, Peru;
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Marefati N, Ghorani V, Shakeri F, Boskabady M, Kianian F, Rezaee R, Boskabady MH. A review of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects of Allium cepa and its main constituents. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:287-302. [PMID: 33645419 PMCID: PMC7919894 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1874028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Allium cepa L. (Liliaceae), known as onion, is consumed throughout the world. Onion and its derivatives including saponins, aglycones, quercetin, cepaenes, flavonoids, organosulfurs, and phenolic compounds, showed various pharmacological properties and therapeutic effects. OBJECTIVE Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects of A. cepa and its main constituents, along with the underlying molecular mechanisms are presented. METHODS Databases including, Web of Knowledge, Medline/PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were checked for articles published between 1996 and the end of July 2020, using the key-words Allium cepa, quercetin, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory. RESULTS A. cepa and its constituents mainly quercetin showed anti-inflammatory effects mediated via reduction of total and differential WBC counts, inhibition of chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, COX, and LOX pathways and prevented formation of leukotrienes and thromboxanes, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) as onVCAM-1, NF-κB, MARK,d STAT-1, JNK, p38 and osteoclastogenesis. A. cepa and its derivatives showed antioxidant effect by decreasing lipid peroxidation, NAD(P)H, MDA, NO, LPO and eNOS but enhancing antioxidants such as SOD, CAT, GSH, GPx, GSPO, TrxR, SDH, GST and GR activities and thiol level. Immunomodulatory effects of the plant and quercetin was also shown by reduction of Th2 cytokines, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 as well as IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-1β and TNF-α and IgE levels, but increased CD4 cells, IFN-γ level and IFN-γ/IL4 ratio (Th1/Th2 balance). CONCLUSIONS The effect of onion and its constituents on oxidative stress, inflammatory and immune system were shown indicating their therapeutic value in treatment of various diseases associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and immune-dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Marefati
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahideh Ghorani
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Shakeri
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Marzie Boskabady
- Dental Materials Research Center and Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Kianian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Boskabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- CONTACT Mohammad Hosein Boskabady Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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26
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Yahya M, Ginting B, Saidi N. In-Vitro Screenings for Biological and Antioxidant Activities of Water Extract from Theobroma cacao L. Pod Husk: Potential Utilization in Foods. Molecules 2021; 26:6915. [PMID: 34834006 PMCID: PMC8618026 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing production of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) leads to a higher environmental burden due to its solid waste generation. Cocoa pod husk, one of the major solid wastes of cocoa production, contains rich bioactive compounds unveiling its valorization potential. With that in mind, our research aimed to explore the biological and antioxidant activities of aqueous extracts from cocoa pod husks. In this present work, cocoa pod husk was extracted using water and subsequentially partitioned using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The antimicrobial investigation revealed that the ethyl acetate solubles were active against the Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans, where at a 20% w/v concentration, the inhibition diameters were 6.62 ± 0.10, 6.52 ± 0.02, and 11.72 ± 0.36 mm, respectively. The extracts were found non-toxic proven by brine shrimp lethality tests against Artemia salina with LC50 scores ranging from 74.1 to 19,054.6 μg/mL. The total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were obtained in the range of 47.44 to 570.44 mg/g GAE and 1.96 to 4.34 mg/g QE, respectively. Antioxidant activities of the obtained extracts were revealed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) assay with EC50 reached as low as 9.61 μg/mL by the ethyl acetate soluble. Phytochemical screening based on gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis on the sample with the highest antioxidant activities revealed the dominant presence of three phytosterols, namely gamma-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustanir Yahya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia; (B.G.); (N.S.)
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27
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Benito-Román Ó, Blanco B, Sanz M, Beltrán S. Freeze-dried extract from onion (Allium cepa cv. Horcal) skin wastes: Extraction intensification and flavonoids identification. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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28
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Sarvinehbaghi MB, Ahmadi M, Shiran M, Azizkhani M. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of red onion (Allium cepa, L.) extract nanoencapsulated in native seed gums coating and its effect on shelf-life extension of beef fillet. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-00985-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Lignin/Carbohydrate Complex Isolated from Posidonia oceanica Sea Balls (Egagropili): Characterization and Antioxidant Reinforcement of Protein-Based Films. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179147. [PMID: 34502058 PMCID: PMC8431013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A lignin fraction (LF) was extracted from the sea balls of Posidonia oceanica (egagropili) and extensively dialyzed and characterized by FT-IR and NMR analyses. LF resulted water soluble and exhibited a brownish-to-black color with the highest absorbance in the range of 250-400 nm, attributed to the chromophore functional groups present in the phenylpropane-based polymer. LF high-performance size exclusion chromatography analysis showed a highly represented (98.77%) species of 34.75 kDa molecular weight with a polydispersity index of 1.10 and an intrinsic viscosity of 0.15. Quantitative analysis of carbohydrates indicated that they represented 28.3% of the dry weight of the untreated egagropili fibers and 72.5% of that of LF. In particular, eight different monosaccharides were detected (fucose, arabinose, rhamnose, galactose, glucose, xylose, glucosamine and glucuronic acid), glucuronic acid (46.6%) and rhamnose (29.6%) being the most present monosaccharides in the LF. Almost all the phenol content of LF (113.85 ± 5.87 mg gallic acid eq/g of extract) was water soluble, whereas around 22% of it consisted of flavonoids and only 10% of the flavonoids consisted of anthocyanins. Therefore, LF isolated from egagropili lignocellulosic material could be defined as a water-soluble lignin/carbohydrate complex (LCC) formed by a phenol polymeric chain covalently bound to hemicellulose fragments. LCC exhibited a remarkable antioxidant activity that remained quite stable during 6 months and could be easily incorporated into a protein-based film and released from the latter overtime. These findings suggest egagropili LCC as a suitable candidate as an antioxidant additive for the reinforcement of packaging of foods with high susceptibility to be deteriorated in aerobic conditions.
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Physicochemical and Thermal Characteristics of Onion Skin from Fifteen Indian Cultivars for Possible Food Applications. J FOOD QUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/7178618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Every year tons of onion waste is produced worldwide. The dried outer onion skin contributed up to 70% of this waste. Outer-dried skins of fifteen prominent onion cultivars from India were selected for the study. A comparative study was done for proximate profiling, thermal characteristics, functional grouping, and mineral contents. Skin of cv. “NHRDF Red” contained the highest amount of crude protein (5.97 ± 0.15 g/100 g), ash (12.24 ± 0.59 g/100 g), and fiber (8.28 ± 0.20 g/100 g), whereas cv. “Pusa Red” possessed the highest amount of total fat (0.47 ± 0.02 g/100 g) and the maximum carbohydrates (76.66 ± 0.56 g/100 g) were found in “Pusa Riddhi.” Mineral analysis showed that cv. “NHRDF Red” had the maximum concentration of all 9 minerals along with sulphur content. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis explored the various metabolites present in each cultivar. The thermal analysis explored cv. “Agrifound Dark Red” as highly thermally stable having 70.98% residual mass. The lowest Tg temperature range was found between 64.4°C and 90.6°C for “Agrifound Dark Red.” Skin of cv. “NHRDF Red” was reported as the best source of protein, fiber, and minerals, which may be utilized for developing a food product.
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Zhao XX, Lin FJ, Li H, Li HB, Wu DT, Geng F, Ma W, Wang Y, Miao BH, Gan RY. Recent Advances in Bioactive Compounds, Health Functions, and Safety Concerns of Onion ( Allium cepa L.). Front Nutr 2021; 8:669805. [PMID: 34368207 PMCID: PMC8339303 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.669805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Onion (Allium cepa L.) is a common vegetable, widely consumed all over the world. Onion contains diverse phytochemicals, including organosulfur compounds, phenolic compounds, polysaccharides, and saponins. The phenolic and sulfur-containing compounds, including onionin A, cysteine sulfoxides, quercetin, and quercetin glucosides, are the major bioactive constituents of onion. Accumulated studies have revealed that onion and its bioactive compounds possess various health functions, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anticancer, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective, hepatorenal protective, respiratory protective, digestive system protective, reproductive protective, and immunomodulatory properties. Herein, the main bioactive compounds in onion are summarized, followed by intensively discussing its major health functions as well as relevant molecular mechanisms. Moreover, the potential safety concerns about onion contamination and the ways to mitigate these issues are also discussed. We hope that this paper can attract broader attention to onion and its bioactive compounds, which are promising ingredients in the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals for preventing and managing certain chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Zhao
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang-Jun Lin
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Hang Li
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ding-Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Bao-He Miao
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
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32
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Fortification of multigrain flour with onion skin powder as a natural preservative: Effect on quality and shelf life of the bread. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.100992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Yu S, Li H, Cui T, Cui M, Piao C, Wang S, Ju M, Liu X, Zhou G, Xu H, Li G. Onion (Allium cepa L.) peel extract effects on 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet-induced obese mice. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Uma Maheshwari Nallal V, Padmini R, Ravindran B, Chang SW, Radhakrishnan R, Almoallim HSM, Alharbi SA, Razia M. Combined in vitro and in silico approach to evaluate the inhibitory potential of an underutilized allium vegetable and its pharmacologically active compounds on multidrug resistant Candida species. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:1246-1256. [PMID: 33613054 PMCID: PMC7878694 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida infections and related mortality have become a challenge to global health. Nontoxic and natural bioactive compounds from plants are regarded as promising candidates to inhibit these multidrug resistant strains. In the present study, in vitro assays and in silico molecular docking approach was combined to evaluate the inhibitory effect of crude extracts from Allium ampeloprasum and its variety A. porrum on Candida pathogens. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids in higher quantity. Spectral studies of the extracts support the presence of phenols, flavonoids and organosulfur compounds. Aqueous extract of A. ampeloprasum showed a total antioxidant capacity of 68 ± 1.7 mg AAE/ g and an IC50 value of 0.88 ± 2.1 mg/ml was obtained for DPPH radicals scavenging assay. C. albicans were highly susceptible (19.9 ± 1.1 mm) when treated with aqueous A. ampeloprasum extract. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were within the range of 19-40 μg/ml and the results were significant (p ≤ 0.05). In silico molecular docking studies demonstrated that bioactive phytocompounds of A. ampeloprasum and A. porrum efficiently interacted with the active site of Secreted aspartyl proteinase 2 enzyme that is responsible for the virulence of pathogenic yeasts. Rosmarinic acid and Myricetin exhibited low binding energies and higher number of hydrogen bond interactions with the protein target. Thus the study concludes that A. ampeloprasum and A. porrum that remain as underutilized vegetables in the Allium genus are potential anti-candida agents and their pharmacologically active compounds must be considered as competent candidates for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Uma Maheshwari Nallal
- Department of Biotechnology, Mother Teresa Women’s University, Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu 624101, India
| | - R. Padmini
- Department of Biochemistry & Bioinformatics, Dr. MGR Janaki College of Arts and Science, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600028, India
| | - B. Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Soon Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - R. Radhakrishnan
- P.G and Research Department of Botany, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620020, India
| | - Hesham Saleh M. Almoallim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, PO Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Razia
- Department of Biotechnology, Mother Teresa Women’s University, Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu 624101, India
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Adeyemi KD, Oseni AI, Asogwa TN. Onionskin waste versus synthetic additives in broiler diet: influence on production indices, oxidative status, caecal bacteria, immune indices, blood chemistry and meat quality. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1892545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazeem D. Adeyemi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Ayishat I. Oseni
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Production, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Subcritical Water Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Onion Skin Wastes ( Allium cepa cv. Horcal): Effect of Temperature and Solvent Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121233. [PMID: 33291854 PMCID: PMC7762022 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The valorization of onion skin wastes (OSW) through the extraction, identification, and quantification of phenolic compounds was studied in this work, using subcritical water in a semicontinuous extractor (2.5 mL/min; 105-180 °C; 5 MPa). The extraction of flavonoids resulted to be fast (<30 min) and temperature sensitive (maximum at 145 °C; total flavonoids, 27.4 ± 0.9 mg/g dry OSW (DOSW)). The experimental results were fitted to the Weibull model. The influence of the solvent properties on the flavonoids quantification was found to be critical. A precipitate was formed once the extracts cooled down. If removed, a significant fraction of the high temperature extracted flavonoids (as much as 71%, at 180 °C) was lost. Such a condition affected especially those compounds that show extremely low solubility in water at room temperature, whereas quercetin glycosylated derivatives were less affected by the polarity change of the medium induced by the temperature change. It was demonstrated that it is necessary to re-dissolve the subcritical water extracts by the addition of ethanol, which led to a medium with a polarity equivalent to that obtained with water at high temperature. At 145 °C, quercetin (15.4 ± 0.4 mg/g DOSW) and quercetin-4'-glucoside (8.4 ± 0.1 mg/g DOSW) accounted for the 90% of the total flavonoids identified. By recovering high added value bioactive compounds from OSW the principles of circular economy were fulfilled, providing a new use for this agricultural waste.
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Sagar NA, Pareek S. Antimicrobial assessment of polyphenolic extracts from onion ( Allium cepa L.) skin of fifteen cultivars by sonication-assisted extraction method. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05478. [PMID: 33241150 PMCID: PMC7674300 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Onion skin possesses various health benefits due to its phenolic and antimicrobial components. In this study, sonication-assisted extracts of onion skin of differentially coloured cultivars (dark-red, red, pink and white) were investigated for their antimicrobial activity against six pathogenic bacteria. Antimicrobial efficacy of fifteen different coloured extracts was analysed by agar well-diffusion assay with principal component analysis (PCA) for comprehensive investigation. Result showed skin extracts of pink cultivars (cv.) significantly (P ≤ 0.05) effective against pathogenic bacteria followed by red and dark red skin. White skin showed least effect on the growth of bacteria. Skin of cv. 'Phursungi Local' (pink) and cv. 'Hissar-3' (pink) showed best range of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pnuemoniae, Bacillus cereus and Solmonella typhimurium compared to other. Only white skin extracts of cv. 'Bhima Shubhra' and 'Udaipur Local' inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa up to 4.0 ± 0.0 mm. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the effective extracts was also elucidated in the range between 0.09 - 9.0 mg/mL. Skin extracts of cv. 'Hissar-2' (red) and 'Bhima Shubhra' (white) showed better inhibition at the concentration of 0.45 and 0.72 mg/mL against Streptococcus agalactiae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. As per correlation analysis, positive correlation was obtained between total flavonoids and inhibition rate of all the bacteria while a weak correlation (R2 = 0.3967) was observed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The waste skin of the analysed cultivars can be utilised in food and health sector as natural preservative and antimicrobial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narashans Alok Sagar
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat, Haryana, 131028, India
| | - Sunil Pareek
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat, Haryana, 131028, India
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Sagar NA, Pareek S. Dough rheology, antioxidants, textural, physicochemical characteristics, and sensory quality of pizza base enriched with onion (Allium cepa L.) skin powder. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18669. [PMID: 33122789 PMCID: PMC7596091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75793-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present research, wheat flour was replaced with onion skin powder (OSP) in 2%, 3.5%, and 5% concentration along with control to produce different pizza base variants. Prepared pizza doughs and base were investigated for different quality parameters. Rheology revealed that increased concentration of OSP elevated the storage modulus (G') (solid nature) of pizza doughs. Colour measurement of both the doughs and pizza base exhibited lightness in control (L* 86.46 ± 0.39) and darkness in 5% OSP variant (L* 46.43 ± 0.69). Physicochemical investigation showed no significant difference however, a gradual increase was obtained in fiber, water, and oil holding capacity of pizza base. Texture properties showed that the addition of OSP imparted an increased trend of hardness i.e. 5% OSP variant had maximum hardness (14.87 ± 0.20 N). A higher level of total phenols, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity was obtained in fortified products, which exhibits onion skin as a natural source of antioxidants for functional foods. Sensory evaluation revealed OSP 2% as the most accepted variant in terms of overall acceptability. The storage study of the pizza base revealed that controlled environment was the best-suited atmosphere for a longer shelf-life of pizza base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narashans Alok Sagar
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Plot No. 97, Sector 56, HSIIDC Industrial Estate, Kundli, Sonipat, Haryana, 131028, India
| | - Sunil Pareek
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Plot No. 97, Sector 56, HSIIDC Industrial Estate, Kundli, Sonipat, Haryana, 131028, India.
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Comparative Metabolomics Profiling of Polyphenols, Nutrients and Antioxidant Activities of Two Red Onion ( Allium cepa L.) Cultivars. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9091077. [PMID: 32825622 PMCID: PMC7569911 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Onion is among the most widely cultivated and consumed economic crops. Onions are an excellent dietary source of polyphenols and nutrients. However, onions phytonutrient compositions vary with cultivars and growing locations. Therefore, the present study involved the evaluation of polyphenol, nutritional composition (proteins, nitrogen, and minerals), sugars, pyruvate, antioxidant, and α-amylase inhibition activities of red onion cultivars, sweet Italian, and honeysuckle grown in California and Texas, respectively. The total flavonoid for honeysuckle and sweet Italian was 449 and 345 μg/g FW, respectively. The total anthocyanin for honeysuckle onion was 103 μg/g FW, while for sweet Italian onion was 86 μg/g FW. Cyanidin-3-(6”-malonoylglucoside) and cyanidin-3-(6”-malonoyl-laminaribioside) were the major components in both the cultivars. The pungency of red onions in honeysuckle ranged between 4.9 and 7.9 μmoL/mL, whereas in sweet Italian onion ranged from 8.3 to 10 μmoL/mL. The principal component analysis was applied to determine the most important variables that separate the cultivars of red onion. Overall results indicated that total flavonoids, total phenolic content, total anthocyanins, protein, and calories for honeysuckle onions were higher than the sweet Italian onions. These results could provide information about high quality and adding value to functional food due to the phytochemicals and nutritional composition of red onions.
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