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Keche A, Ganguly S, Gajbhiye S, Patil G. Pestalotiopsis, a rare cause of mycetoma; A case report. Indian J Med Microbiol 2024; 51:100690. [PMID: 39103053 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Pestalotiopsis is an appendage-bearing, well-known plant pathogen, and very few species are associated with human infections. To best of our knowledge, this is first report of Pestalotiopsis spp. isolated from mycetoma patient in India. A 66-year-old male farmer, having a history of twig prick, presented with a swollen foot and multiple discharging sinuses. 10 % KOH mount of tissue and grain showed fragmented fungal elements. White to pale honey-colored colonies with undulated edges and shiny black granules grew on potato dextrose agar. Characteristic fusiform, 5-celled conidia with 2-3 apical appendages seen on LPCB mount. Patient was treated with systemic Itraconazole successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Keche
- Dept. of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, INDIA.
| | - Satyaki Ganguly
- Dept. of Dermatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, INDIA.
| | - Swati Gajbhiye
- Dept. of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, INDIA.
| | - Girish Patil
- Dept. of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, INDIA.
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Yin C, Zhang Z, Wang S, Ma L, Zhang X. Three new species of Pestalotiopsis (Amphisphaeriales, Sporocadaceae) were identified by morphology and multigene phylogeny from Hainan and Yunnan, China. MycoKeys 2024; 107:51-74. [PMID: 39036776 PMCID: PMC11258458 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.107.122026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Pestalotiopsis fungi are widely distributed all over the world, mainly as plant pathogens, endophytes or saprobes from multiple hosts. In this study, the sequence data analysis based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS), partial beta-tubulin (tub2) and partial regions of translation elongation factor 1 alpha (tef1α) combined with morphological characteristics was used to identify strains isolated from the diseased leaves of Aporosadioica and Rhaphiolepisindica, as well as some rotted leaves from Yunnan and Hainan Provinces in China as three new species, viz., Pestalotiopsisaporosae-dioicae sp. nov., P.nannuoensis sp. nov. and P.rhaphiolepidis sp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzhun Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, ChinaShandong Normal UniversityJinanChina
| | - Zhaoxue Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, ChinaShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianChina
| | - Shi Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, ChinaShandong Normal UniversityJinanChina
| | - Liguo Ma
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, ChinaShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinanChina
| | - Xiuguo Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, ChinaShandong Normal UniversityJinanChina
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, ChinaShandong Agricultural UniversityTaianChina
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Zhang W, Li Y, Lin L, Jia A, Fan X. Updating the Species Diversity of Pestalotioid Fungi: Four New Species of Neopestalotiopsis and Pestalotiopsis. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:475. [PMID: 39057360 PMCID: PMC11278005 DOI: 10.3390/jof10070475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pestalotioid fungi are associated with a wide variety of plants around the world as pathogens, endophytes, and saprobes. In this study, diseased leaves and branches of plants were collected from Guizhou and Sichuan in China. Here, the fungal isolates were identified based on a phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-α) and the beta-tubulin (tub2) of ribosomal DNA, and the morphological characteristics. Ten Neopestalotiopsis isolates and two Pestalotiopsis isolates were obtained, and these isolates were further confirmed as four novel species (N. acericola, N. cercidicola, N. phoenicis, and P. guiyangensis) and one known species, N. concentrica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weishan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (A.J.)
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (A.J.)
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lu Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (A.J.)
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Aoli Jia
- The Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (A.J.)
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinlei Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (W.Z.); (Y.L.); (L.L.); (A.J.)
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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Cui X, Hao Z, Chen M, Song S, Zhang J, Li Y, Li J, Liu Y, Luo L. Identification and Pathogenicity of Pestalotioid Species on Alpinia oxyphylla in Hainan Province, China. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:371. [PMID: 38921358 PMCID: PMC11204877 DOI: 10.3390/jof10060371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Alpinia oxyphylla is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant with a medicinal history of more than 1700 years. Ring leaf blight (RLB) disease, caused by pestalotioid species, is an important disease of A. oxyphylla, seriously affecting the yield and quality of its fruits. The causal agent of RLB disease has not been systematically identified or characterized yet. In this study, thirty-six pestalotioid strains were isolated from the leaves and stems of A. oxyphylla that was collected from six cities of Hainan province, China. Based on the multi-locus phylogeny (ITS, tef-1α and tub2) and morphological characteristic analyses, seventeen species belonging to three genera (Neopestalotiopsis, Pestalotiopsis and Pseudopestalotiopsis) were identified, and six new species (N. baotingensis, N. oblatespora, N. olivaceous, N. oxyphylla, N. wuzhishanensis and N. yongxunensis) were described. Pathogenicity tests revealed that strains of Neopestalotiopsis species caused more severe ring leaf blight on A. oxyphylla than strains of Pestalotiopsis and Pseudopestalotiopsis under wounded inoculation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufen Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Seed Disease Testing and Control, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.C.); (Z.H.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (J.Z.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhigang Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Seed Disease Testing and Control, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.C.); (Z.H.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (J.Z.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Menghuai Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Seed Disease Testing and Control, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.C.); (Z.H.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (J.Z.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuang Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Seed Disease Testing and Control, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.C.); (Z.H.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (J.Z.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Seed Disease Testing and Control, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.C.); (Z.H.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (J.Z.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yingbin Li
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
| | - Jianqiang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Seed Disease Testing and Control, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.C.); (Z.H.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (J.Z.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yixiang Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Laixin Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Seed Disease Testing and Control, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.C.); (Z.H.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (J.Z.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Acosta-González U, Leyva-Mir SG, Silva-Rojas HV, Rebollar-Alviter A. Preventive and Curative Effects of Treatments to Manage Strawberry Root and Crown Rot Caused by Neopestalotiopsis rosae. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:1278-1288. [PMID: 38012823 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-23-0958-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Strawberry root and crown rot caused by the fungus Neopestalotiopsis rosae is an emerging disease that has caused yield losses of up to 70% in Mexico and other regions worldwide. This research evaluated the effects of biological and chemical fungicides applied as preventive and curative applications for controlling root and crown rot caused by N. rosae in strawberries under greenhouse conditions. Treatments included these chemical fungicides: prochloraz, prochloraz + thiram, cyprodinil + fludioxonil, difenoconazole + azoxystrobin, iprodione, captan, thiram, pydiflumetofen + fludioxonil, fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobin, and hymexazol; each was applied at commercial doses. Also tested were biological treatments based on Trichoderma koningiopsis, T. asperellum, Streptomyces sp., and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain D747 (B. velezensis). Disease incidence, severity, plant mortality, root length, and dry weight were determined. Results showed that overall, preventive applications of the fungicides pydiflumetofen + fludioxonil, cyprodinil + fludioxonil, and prochloraz resulted in the smallest area under the disease progress curve and the lowest final disease incidence, severity, and plant mortality. An intermediate group of effective treatments entailed hymexazol, iprodione, T. asperellum, and T. koningiopsis (50 to 75% efficacy). Treatments with greater efficacy (99 to 100%), pydiflumetofen + fludioxonil, cyprodinil + fludioxonil, and prochloraz, also had maximal total plant biomass vis-à-vis the untreated control. By contrast, each treatment's efficacy was significantly reduced when applied curatively (0 to 37% treatment efficacy). These results suggest that certain treatments are useful for controlling strawberry root and crown rot caused by N. rosae when applied preventively (as root dipping). These results will contribute to designing more effective management programs for root and crown rot caused by N. rosae on strawberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uriel Acosta-González
- Posgrado en Proteccion Vegetal, Universidad Autonoma Chapingo, Texcoco, Estado de México 56230, México
| | - Santos G Leyva-Mir
- Departamento de Parasitología Agrícola, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco, Estado de México 56230, México
| | - Hilda V Silva-Rojas
- Producción de semillas, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Texcoco, Estado de México 56230, México
| | - Angel Rebollar-Alviter
- Centro Regional Morelia, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Periférico Paseo de la República Poniente, Morelia, Michoacán 58170, México
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Zhao HJ, Doilom M, Mapook A, Wang G, Hyde KD, Dong W. New Insights into Tetraplosphaeriaceae Based on Taxonomic Investigations of Bambusicolous Fungi and Freshwater Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:319. [PMID: 38786674 PMCID: PMC11121975 DOI: 10.3390/jof10050319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Species within Tetraplosphaeriaceae have been frequently documented in recent years with the extensive investigations of microfungi along a latitudinal gradient from north to south in the Asian/Australian region. Both bamboo substrates and freshwater habitats serve as extensive reservoirs, hosting a rich diversity of fungi that exhibit broad geographical distributions. The most common fungi in these two environments are generally distributed in distinct families. However, our statistics have revealed an intriguingly distinct preference of Tetraplosphaeriaceae species for inhabiting both bamboo substrates and freshwater habitats. The genera Pseudotetraploa (100%) and Triplosphaeria (100%) exhibit a strong preference, followed by Shrungabeeja (71%) and Quadricrura (67%). Our taxonomic and phylogenetic study of microfungi in southern China have identified four additional novel species, viz., Aquatisphaeria bambusae sp. nov., Pseudotetraploa phyllostachydis sp. nov., Pseudotetraploa yangjiangensis sp. nov., and Tetraploa submersa sp. nov. from bamboo substrates and freshwater habitats. In addition, Aquatisphaeria thailandica has previously been documented from freshwater habitats in Thailand; however, we have once again isolated this species from decaying bamboo substrates in Guangdong, China. The new findings substantiate our hypothesis that the preference of Tetraplosphaeriaceae species for colonizing bamboo substrates and freshwater habitats will be more evident through more extensive investigations conducted in such environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Jun Zhao
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; (H.-J.Z.); (K.D.H.)
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Mingkwan Doilom
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; (H.-J.Z.); (K.D.H.)
| | - Ausana Mapook
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;
| | - Gennuo Wang
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; (H.-J.Z.); (K.D.H.)
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health/Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; (H.-J.Z.); (K.D.H.)
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Hsu SY, Xu YC, Lin YC, Chuang WY, Lin SR, Stadler M, Tangthirasunun N, Cheewangkoon R, AL-Shwaiman HA, Elgorban AM, Ariyawansa HA. Hidden diversity of Pestalotiopsis and Neopestalotiopsis (Amphisphaeriales, Sporocadaceae) species allied with the stromata of entomopathogenic fungi in Taiwan. MycoKeys 2024; 101:275-312. [PMID: 38333551 PMCID: PMC10851163 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.101.113090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Pestalotiopsissensu lato, commonly referred to as pestalotiopsis-like fungi, exhibit a broad distribution and are frequently found as endophytes, saprobes and pathogens across various plant hosts. The taxa within pestalotiopsis-like fungi are classified into three genera viz. Pestalotiopsis, Pseudopestalotiopsis and Neopestalotiopsis, based on the conidial colour of their median cells and multi-locus molecular phylogenies. In the course of a biodiversity investigation focusing on pestalotiopsis-like fungi, a total of 12 fungal strains were identified. These strains were found to be associated with stromata of Beauveria, Ophiocordyceps and Tolypocladium in various regions of Taiwan from 2018 to 2021. These strains were evaluated morphologically and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses of the ITS (internal transcribed spacer), tef1-α (translation elongation factor 1-α) and tub2 (beta-tubulin) gene regions were conducted for genotyping. The results revealed seven well-classified taxa and one tentative clade in Pestalotiopsis and Neopestalotiopsis. One novel species, Pestalotiopsismanyueyuanani and four new records, N.camelliae-oleiferae, N.haikouensis, P.chamaeropis and P.hispanica, were reported for the first time in Taiwan. In addition, P.formosana and an unclassified strain of Neopestalotiopsis were identified, based on similarities of phylogeny and morphology. However, the data obtained in the present study suggest that the currently recommended loci for species delimitation of pestalotiopsis-like fungi do not deliver reliable or adequate resolution of tree topologies. The in-vitro mycelial growth rates of selected strains from these taxa had an optimum temperature of 25 °C, but growth ceased at 5 °C and 35 °C, while all the strains grew faster under alkaline than acidic or neutral pH conditions. This study provides the first assessment of pestalotiopsis-like fungi, associated with entomopathogenic taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yu Hsu
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, TaiwanNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yuan-Cheng Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, TaiwanNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, TaiwanNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Wei-Yu Chuang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, TaiwanNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Shiou-Ruei Lin
- Section of Tea Agronomy, Tea Research and Extension Station, Council of Agriculture, Taoyuan City 326011, TaiwanCouncil of AgricultureTaoyuan CityTaiwan
| | - Marc Stadler
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Braunschweig, GermanyHelmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI)BraunschweigGermany
| | - Narumon Tangthirasunun
- Department of Biology, School of Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), Bangkok, 10520, ThailandKing Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL)BangkokThailand
| | - Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, ThailandChiang Mai UniversityChiang MaiThailand
| | - Hind A. AL-Shwaiman
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi ArabiaKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah M. Elgorban
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi ArabiaKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Hiran A. Ariyawansa
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106319, TaiwanNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
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Yu X, Müller WEG, Frank M, Gao Y, Guo Z, Zou K, Proksch P, Liu Z. Caryophyllene-type sesquiterpenes from the endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis lespedezae through an OSMAC approach. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1248896. [PMID: 38274753 PMCID: PMC10808731 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1248896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Two new caryophyllene-type sesquiterpenes pestalotiopsins U and V (1 and 2) and three known compounds pestalotiopsin B (7), pestaloporinate B (8), and pestalotiopsin C (9) were isolated by the cultivation of the endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis lespedezae on solid rice medium, while four additional new caryophyllene pestalotiopsins W-Z (3-6) were obtained when 3.5% NaI was added to the fungal culture medium. The structures of the new compounds were determined by HRESIMS and 1D/2D nuclear magnetic resonance data. Compounds 1-9 were tested for cytotoxicity against the mouse lymphoma cell line L5178Y, but only 6 displayed significant activity with an IC50 value of 2.4 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Werner E. G. Müller
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marian Frank
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ying Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Kun Zou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Peter Proksch
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Betancourt-Ortiz WF, Medina-Cardenas HC, Padilla-Agudelo JL, Varon FH, Mestizo-Garzón YA, Morales-Rodríguez A, Sarria-Villa GA. Foliar Lesions Induced by Pestalotiopsis arengae in Oil Palm (O × G) in the Colombian Southwest Palm Zone. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 10:24. [PMID: 38248934 PMCID: PMC10817598 DOI: 10.3390/jof10010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In Colombia, plantings with the oil palm hybrid between Elaeis oleifera × Elaeis guineensis, known as O × G hybrid, have increased due to its tolerance to bud rot. Despite this, different degrees of foliar necrosis, chlorosis, and leaf blight have been reported in some cultivars; therefore, this work aimed to diagnose this problem. We visited plantation plots with palms exhibiting the mentioned symptoms and collected 21 samples of affected tissues in different disease states. The affected tissues were examined and seeded in a culture medium. Pathogenicity tests were performed and the isolates were characterized by culture and morphological and molecular features. Curvularia, Colletotrichum, Phoma, and 25 Pestalotiopsis-like fungi were isolated from the foliar lesions. In the pathogenicity tests, the symptoms observed in the field were reproduced with MFTU01-1, MFTU12, and MFTU21 isolates, which were identified at the species level through a sequence analysis of three genes (ITS, TUB2, and TEF1-α) as Pestalotiopsis arengae with an identical level of 99% based on the results of BLAST and phylogenetic tree analyses. The remaining 22 Pestalotiopsis-like non-pathogenic isolates were identified as species of Neopestalotiopsis and Pseudopestalotiopsis. The direct association of P. arengae with the disease was confirmed via molecular detection in affected tissues in 15 of 21 samples collected for this evaluation. This is the first report of P. arengae as the causal agent of foliar lesions in O × G hybrid oil palm in Colombia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Greicy Andrea Sarria-Villa
- Pest and Disease Program—Phytopathology Area, Colombian Oil Palm Research Center (CENIPALMA), Centro Empresarial Pontevedra, Calle 98 N° 70-91, Piso 14, Bogotá 111211, Colombia; (W.F.B.-O.); (H.C.M.-C.); (J.L.P.-A.); (F.H.V.); (Y.A.M.-G.); (A.M.-R.)
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10
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Liu C, Li Y, Chen H, Li S, Han S, Zhu T, Liu Y, Li S. The Identification and Role of the Key Mycotoxin of Pestalotiopsis kenyana Causing Leaf Spot Disease of Zanthoxylum schinifolium. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1194. [PMID: 38132794 PMCID: PMC10744368 DOI: 10.3390/jof9121194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Leaf spot is a common disease of Zanthoxylum schinifolium (Z. schinifolium), which can seriously harm the plant's ability to grow, flower, and fruit. Therefore, it is important to identify the mechanism of leaf spot caused by Pestalotiopsis kenyana (P. kenyana) for thorough comprehension and disease control. In this study, to verify whether the mycotoxins produced by P. kenyana cause leaf spot disease, the best medium for P. kenyana, namely PDB, was used. The mycotoxins were determined by ammonium sulfate precipitation as non-protein substances. The crude mycotoxin of P. kenyana was prepared, and the optimal eluent was eluted with petroleum either/ethyle acetate (3:1, v/v) and purified by silica gel column chromatography and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography to obtain the pure mycotoxins PK-1, PK-2, and PK-3. The PK-3 had the highest toxicity to Z. schinifolium, which may be the primary mycotoxin, according to the biological activity test using the spray method. The physiological and biochemical indexes of Z. schinifolium plants treated with PK-3 mycotoxin were determined. Within 35 days after mycotoxin treatment, the results showed that the protein content and malondialdehyde content of leaves increased over time. The soluble sugar and chlorophyll content decreased over time. The superoxide dismutase activity and catalase activity of the leaves increased first and then decreased, and the above changes were the same as those of Z. schinifolium inoculated with the spore suspension of the pathogen. Therefore, it is believed that the mycotoxin pestalopyrone could be a virulence factor that helps P. kenyana induce the infection of Z. schinifolium. In this study, the pathogenic mechanism of Z. schinifolium leaf spot was discussed, offering a theoretical foundation for improved disease prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shujiang Li
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.L.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (S.L.); (S.H.); (T.Z.); (Y.L.)
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11
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Yu J, Kong L, Fan S, Li M, Li J. Genomic Characterization of the Mycoparasite Pestalotiopsis sp. Strain cr013 from Cronartium ribicola. Pol J Microbiol 2023; 72:433-442. [PMID: 38095159 PMCID: PMC10725163 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2023-041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Pestalotiopsis sp. strain cr013 is a mycoparasite of Cronartium ribicola, a potential biocontrol fungus for Armand pine (Pinus armandii) blister rust. A previous study showed that the strain cr013 has great potential to produce new compounds. However, there has been no report of the whole-genome sequence of the mycoparasite Pestalotiopsis sp. In this study, the BGISEQ-500 and Oxford Nanopore GridION X5 sequencing platforms were used to sequence the strain cr013 isolates and assemble the reads to obtain the complete genome. We first report the whole-genome information of the mycoparasite Pestalotiopsis sp. strain cr013 (GenBank accession number: JACFXT010000000, BioProject ID: PRJNA647543, BioSample ID: SAMN15589943), and the genomic components and gene functions related to the mycoparasitism process were analyzed. This study provides a theoretical basis for understanding the lifestyle strategy of the mycoparasite Pestalotiopsis sp. and reveals the mechanisms underlying secondary metabolite diversity in the strain cr013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinde Yu
- College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Kong
- College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shichang Fan
- College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingjiao Li
- College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Migheli Q, Vloutoglou I, Gobbi A, Maiorano A, Pautasso M, Reignault PL. Pest categorisation of Pestalotiopsis microspora. EFSA J 2023; 21:e8493. [PMID: 38130321 PMCID: PMC10733803 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Following an EFSA commodity risk assessment of bonsai plants (Pinus parviflora grafted on Pinus thunbergii) imported from China, the EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest categorisation of Pestalotiopsis microspora, a clearly defined plant pathogenic fungus of the family Pestalotiopsidaceae. The pathogen was reported on a wide range of monocotyledonous, dicotyledonous and gymnosperms, either cultivated or wild plant species, causing various symptoms such as leaf spot, leaf blight, scabby canker, fruit spot, pre- and post-harvest fruit rot and root rot. In addition, the fungus was reported as an endophyte on a wide range of asymptomatic plant species. This pest categorisation focuses on the hosts that are relevant for the EU and for which there is robust evidence that the pathogen was formally identified by a combination of morphology, pathogenicity and multilocus sequencing analyses. Pestalotiopsis microspora was reported in Africa, North, Central and South America, Asia and Oceania. In the EU, it was reported in the Netherlands. There is a key uncertainty on the geographical distribution of P. microspora worldwide and in the EU, because of the endophytic nature of the fungus, the lack of surveys, and because in the past, when molecular tools were not fully developed, the pathogen might have been misidentified as other Pestalotiopsis species or other members of the Pestalodiopsidaceae family based on morphology and pathogenicity tests. Pestalotiopsis microspora is not included in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072. Plants for planting, fresh fruits, bark and wood of host plants as well as soil and other growing media associated with plant debris are the main pathways for the entry of the pathogen into the EU. Host availability and climate suitability in parts of the EU are favourable for the establishment and spread of the pathogen. The introduction and spread of the pathogen into the EU are expected to have an economic and environmental impact where susceptible hosts are grown. Phytosanitary measures are available to prevent the introduction and spread of the pathogen into the EU. Unless the restricted distribution in the EU is disproven, Pestalotiopsis microspora satisfies all the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for this species to be regarded as potential Union quarantine pest.
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13
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Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Migheli Q, Vloutoglou I, Gobbi A, Maiorano A, Pautasso M, Reignault PL. Pest categorisation of Pestalotiopsis disseminata. EFSA J 2023; 21:e8494. [PMID: 38116101 PMCID: PMC10728885 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the commodity risk assessments of bonsai plants from China consisting of Pinus parviflora grafted on P. thunbergii performed by EFSA, the EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest categorisation of Pestalotiopsis disseminata, a clearly defined plant pathogenic fungus of the family Pestalotiopsidaceae. The pathogen has been reported on herbaceous, woody and ornamental plants causing symptoms such as leaf blight, shoot blight, seedling blight, pod canker, pre- and post-harvest fruit rot, and gummosis. Moreover, the fungus was reported as an endophyte on a wide range of asymptomatic hosts. The pathogen is present in Africa, North and South America, Asia, Europe and Oceania. It has been reported from the EU, with a restricted distribution (Portugal). There is a key uncertainty on the geographical distribution of P. disseminata in the EU and worldwide, because of the endophytic nature of the fungus, the lack of surveys and since the pathogen might have been misidentified based only on morphology and pathogenicity tests. The pathogen is not included in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072. This pest categorisation focuses on those hosts that are relevant for the EU and for which there is robust evidence that the pathogen was formally identified by a combination of morphology, pathogenicity and multilocus sequence analysis. Plants for planting, fresh fruits, bark and wood of host plants as well as soil and other plant growing media are the main pathways for the entry of the pathogen into the EU. Host availability and climate suitability factors occurring in parts of the EU are favourable for the establishment of the pathogen. Despite the low aggressiveness observed in most reported hosts, and the fact that P. disseminata may colonise plants as an endophyte, its introduction and spread in the EU may have an economic and environmental impact (with a key uncertainty) where susceptible hosts are grown. Phytosanitary measures are available to prevent the introduction and spread of the pathogen. The Panel cannot conclude on whether P. disseminata satisfies all the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for this species to be regarded as potential Union quarantine pest, because of the key uncertainties on the restricted distribution in the EU and the magnitude of the impact.
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Arman SE, Bhuiyan MAB, Abdullah HM, Islam S, Chowdhury TT, Hossain MA. BananaLSD: A banana leaf images dataset for classification of banana leaf diseases using machine learning. Data Brief 2023; 50:109608. [PMID: 37823069 PMCID: PMC10562173 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bananas, one of the most widely consumed fruits globally, are highly susceptible to various leaf spot diseases, leading to significant economic losses in banana production. In this article, we present the Banana Leaf Spot Diseases (BananaLSD) dataset, an extensive collection of images showcasing three prevalent diseases affecting banana leaves: Sigatoka, Cordana, and Pestalotiopsis. The dataset was used to develop the BananaSqueezeNet model [1]. The BananaLSD dataset contains 937 images of banana leaves collected from banana fields, which were then further augmented to generate another 1600 images. The images were acquired using three smartphone cameras in diverse real-world conditions. The dataset has potential for reuse in the development of machine learning models that can help farmers identify symptoms early. It can be useful for researchers working on leaf spot diseases and serve as motivation for further researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifat E. Arman
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abdullahil Baki Bhuiyan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Hasan Muhammad Abdullah
- GIS and Remote Sensing Lab, Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Shariful Islam
- GIS and Remote Sensing Lab, Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Tahsin Tanha Chowdhury
- GIS and Remote Sensing Lab, Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Arban Hossain
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
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Hoque N, Khan ZR, Rashid PT, Begum MN, Sharmin S, Hossain MJ, Rana MS, Sohrab MH. Antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties of endophytic fungi isolated from Thysanolaena maxima Roxb., Dracaena spicata Roxb. and Aglaonema hookerianum Schott. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:347. [PMID: 37777711 PMCID: PMC10542267 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04185-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endophytic fungi have recently been recognized as an impressive source of natural biomolecules. The primary objective of the research was to isolate fungal endophytes from Thysanolaena maxima Roxb., Dracaena spicata Roxb. and Aglaonema hookerianum Schott. of Bangladesh and assess their pharmacological potentialities focusing on antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties. METHODS The fungal isolates were identified up to the genus level by analyzing their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. Ethyl acetate extracts of all the fungal isolates were screened for different bioactivities, including antimicrobial (disc diffusion method), antioxidant (DPPH scavenging assay), and cytotoxic (brine shrimp lethality bioassay) activities. RESULTS Among the thirteen isolates, Fusarium sp. was the most recognized genus, while the others belonged to Colletotrichum sp. and Pestalotia sp. Comparing the bioactivity of all the extracts, Fusarium sp. was shown to be the most effective endophyte, followed by Colletotrichum sp. and Pestalotia sp. In the antimicrobial study, two isolates of Fusarium sp. (internal strain nos. DSLE-1 and AHPE-4) showed inhibitory activity against all the tested bacteria and the highest zone of inhibition (15.5 ± 0.4 mm) was exerted by AHPE-4 against Bacillus subtillis. All the fungal isolates produced mild to moderate free radical scavenging activity, where the highest antioxidant activity was revealed by one isolate of Fusarium sp. (internal strain no. AHPE-3) with an IC50 value of 84.94 ± 0.41 µg/mL. The majority of Fusarium sp. isolates exhibited notable cytotoxic activity, where AHPE-4 exhibited the highest cytotoxicity, having the LC50 value of 14.33 ± 4.5 µg/mL. CONCLUSION The findings of the study endorsed that the fungal endophytes isolated from T. maxima, D. spicata, and A. hookerianum hold potential as valuable origins of bioactive substances. Nevertheless, more comprehensive research is warranted, which could develop novel natural compounds from these endophytes to treat various infectious and cancerous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Hoque
- Department of Pharmacy, East West University, Aftabnagar, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh.
- Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh.
| | - Zihan Rahman Khan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mst Nadira Begum
- Biological Research Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Suriya Sharmin
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sohel Rana
- Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md Hossain Sohrab
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh.
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16
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Lin T, Tang J, Li S, Li S, Han S, Liu Y, Yang C, Chen G, Chen L, Zhu T. Drought stress-mediated differences in phyllosphere microbiome and associated pathogen resistance between male and female poplars. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 115:1100-1113. [PMID: 37177875 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Phyllosphere-associated microbes play a crucial role in plant-pathogen interactions while their composition and diversity are strongly influenced by drought stress. As dioecious plant species exhibited secondary dimorphism between the two sexes in response to drought stress, whether such difference will lead to sex-specific differences in phyllosphere microbiome and associated pathogen resistance between male and female conspecifics is still unknown. In this study, we subjected female and male full siblings of a dioecious poplar species to a short period of drought treatment followed by artificial infection of a leaf pathogenic fungus. Our results showed that male plants grew better than females with or without drought stress. Female control plants had more leaf lesion area than males after pathogen infection, whereas drought stress reversed such a difference. Further correlation and in vitro toxicity tests suggested that drought-mediated sexual differences in pathogen resistance between the two plant sexes could be attributed to the shifts in structure and function of phyllosphere-associated microbiome rather than the amount of leaf main defensive chemicals contained in plant leaves. Supportively, the microbiome analysis through high-throughput sequencing indicated that female phyllosphere enriched a higher abundance of ecologically beneficial microbes that serve as biological plant protectants, while males harbored abundant phytopathogens under drought-stressed conditions. The results could provide potential implications for the selection of suitable poplar sex to plants in drought or semi-drought habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Lin
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of Sichuan Education Department, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China and Centre of Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, Yunnan University, 650504, Kunming, China
| | - Jiayao Tang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of Sichuan Education Department, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuying Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of Sichuan Education Department, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Shujiang Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of Sichuan Education Department, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Shan Han
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of Sichuan Education Department, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinggao Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of Sichuan Education Department, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunlin Yang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of Sichuan Education Department, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of Sichuan Education Department, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Lianghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of Sichuan Education Department, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianhui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Administration on Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of Sichuan Education Department, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, China
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17
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Chowdhury S, Ghosh S, Gond SK. Anti-MRSA and clot lysis activities of Pestalotiopsis microspora isolated from Dillenia pentagyna Roxb. J Basic Microbiol 2023; 63:340-358. [PMID: 36002312 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202200294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent call to search for novel natural compounds against developing multidrug-resistant microorganisms. The present work focuses on the characterization of a plant-associated fungus having bioactivity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. A fungal strain P31 was isolated from bark of Dillenia pentagyna and identified as Pestalotiopsis microspora. The maximum anti-MRSA activity was observed from extract of P31 grown in sabouraud dextrose broth. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values of P31 extract were 14 μg/ml for methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and 32 μg/ml for MRSA strain, respectively. A crude P31 extract showed strong bactericidal activity by killing all treated MRSA cells within 24 h of treatment at their respective MIC value. A scanning electron microscopic study visualized morphological damage of MRSA cells. The membrane permeability of P31 extract-treated MRSA cells gradually increased which caused release of internal cytoplasmic nucleic acids, proteins and potassium ions (K+ ) from cells suggesting cell lysis or leakage from cells. A very low concentration of P31 extract was able to inhibit biofilm formed by MRSA cells. Thin layer chromatographic separation followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the P31 extract revealed a number of antimicrobial compounds along with an anti-MRSA compound 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol. In addition, the P31 extract also showed in-vitro human blood clot lysis activity at various concentrations. The clot lysis activity of P31 extract was found maximum at 500 µg/ml. These findings suggest that fungal isolate P31 has potential as a source of anti-MRSA compounds useful in staph infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Chowdhury
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.,Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Suvranil Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Surendra K Gond
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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18
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Lin L, Pan M, Gao H, Tian C, Fan X. The Potential Fungal Pathogens of Euonymus japonicus in Beijing, China. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020271. [PMID: 36836386 PMCID: PMC9966606 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Euonymus japonicus tolerates the dry and frigid climate of Beijing, China, and effectively filters out particles during the winter. However, fungal infestation frequently causes extreme illness and can even lead to shrub death. In this study, 104 diseased E. japonicus specimens were collected from seven districts in Beijing. Seventy-nine isolates were identified as 22 fungal species in seven genera. The species were Aplosporella hesperidica, A. javeedii, A. prunicola, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Colletotrichum aenigma, Co. euonymi, Co. euonymicola, Co. gloeosporioides, Cytospora ailanthicola, C. albodisca, C. diopuiensis, C. discotoma, C. elaeagni, C. euonymicola, C. euonymina, C. haidianensis, C. leucostoma, C. sophorae, C. zhaitangensis, Diaporthe eres, Dothiorella acericola, and Pestalotiopsis chaoyangensis. On the basis of morphological and phylogenetic analyses, Colletotrichum euonymi, Co. euonymicola, Cytospora zhaitangensis, and Pestalotiopsis chaoyangensis were introduced as novel species. Colletotrichum euonymi, Co. euonymicola, and Pestalotiopsis chaoyangensis were subsequently confirmed as pathogens of E. japonicus leaves by pathogenicity testing. This study provides an important assessment of the fungi associated with diseases of E. japonicus in Beijing, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lin
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Meng Pan
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hong Gao
- The Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chengming Tian
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinlei Fan
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-130-2120-4929
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Species of the Genera Neopestalotiopsis and Alternaria as Dominant Pathogen Species Attacking Mastic Trees (Pistacia lentiscus var. Chia). MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres14010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Between 2018 and 2021, several mastic trees (Pistacia lentiscus var. Chia) sampled in the field and the nursery of the Chios Mastiha Growers Association (CMGA) were analyzed to determine the cause of dominant diseases. Symptoms included defoliation, leaf, and twig blight, wilting and/or apoplexy of trees and apoplexy of young hardwood cuttings. Moreover, brown discoloration had also been observed on older woody parts of the trees such as branches and tree trunks. Several pathogens have been isolated and identified as the causing agents. Neopestalotiopsis and Alternaria species were isolated consistently from necrotic tissues of mastic trees (branches, twigs, and leaves) in the field and the nursery. All fungal isolates’ pathogenicity was confirmed by applying Koch’s postulates on young mastic trees under glasshouse conditions. Fungal pathogens were identified by sequence analyses of the ITS, β-tubulin, and histone gene regions. Alternaria species were analyzed further by sequencing the endopolygalacturonase (endoPG) and the Alternaria major allergen (Alta1) genes. More specifically, the isolates were identified as Neopestalotiopsis clavispora, Alternaria arborescens, and A. alternata based on morphological features and sequence analyses. This is the first report of N. clavispora, A. arborescens, and A. alternata on P. lentiscus var. Chia.
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20
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Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, and DNA Damage Protection Activities of Endophytic Fungus Pestalotiopsis neglecta Isolated from Ziziphus spina-christi Medicinal Plant. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11010117. [PMID: 36677409 PMCID: PMC9862592 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal endophytes are friendly microorganisms that colonize plants and are important in the interactions between plants and their environment. They generate valuable secondary metabolites that are valuable to both plants and humans. Endophytic fungi with bioactivities were isolated from the leaves of the medicinal plant Ziziphus spina-christi. An efficient isolate was selected and identified as Pestalotiopsis neglecta based on nucleotide sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS 1-5.8S-ITS 2) of the 18S rRNA gene (NCBI accession number OP529850); the 564 bp had 99 to 100% similarity with P. neglecta MH860161.1, AY682935.1, KP689121.1, and MG572407.1, according to the BLASTn analysis, following preliminary phytochemical and antifungal screening. The biological activities of this fungus' crude ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract were assessed. With an efficient radical scavenging activity against 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and an IC50 value of 36.6 µg mL-1, P. neglecta extract has shown its potential as an antioxidant. Moreover, it displayed notable cytotoxic effects against MCF-7 (breast carcinoma, IC50 = 22.4 µg mL-1), HeLa (cervical carcinoma, IC50 = 28.9 µg mL-1) and HepG-2 (liver carcinoma, IC50 = 28.9 µg mL-1). At 10 µg mL-1, EtOAc demonstrated significant DNA protection against hydroxyl radical-induced damage. Based on FT-IR and GC-MS spectral analysis, it was detected that the EtOAc of P. neglecta product contains multiple bioactive functional groups. Subsequently, this validated the features of major different potent compounds; tolycaine, 1H-pyrazol, 1,3,5-trimethyl-, eugenol, 2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethyl), and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Since these compounds are biologically relevant in various aspects, and distinct biological activities of fungal extract were acceptable in vitro, this suggests that endophytic fungus P. neglecta may be a viable source of bioactive natural products. This could be a good starting point for pharmaceutical applications.
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Bunyapaiboonsri T, Yoiprommarat S, Nithithanasilp S, Choowong W, Preedanon S, Suetrong S. Two new farnesyl hydroquinones from Pestalotiopsis diploclisia (BCC 35283), the fungus associated with algae. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:24-30. [PMID: 34187248 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1946536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Two new hydroquinones bearing a 1,3-enyne moiety, pestalotioquinols G and H, together with four known compounds, including pestalotioquinol A, phomonitroester, (R)-4,6,8-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one, and scylatone were isolated from the marine fungus Pestalotiopsis diploclisia (BCC 35283). The structures of these compounds were elucidated by analysis of 2D-NMR and HR-MS data. The known pestalotioquinol A displayed antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum K1 with an IC50 value of 19.0 μM, while pestalotioquinol G displayed weak cytotoxic activity against Vero cell lines with an IC50 value of 47.9 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taridaporn Bunyapaiboonsri
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Seangaroon Yoiprommarat
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sutichai Nithithanasilp
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Wilunda Choowong
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sita Preedanon
- National Biobank of Thailand (NBT), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Satinee Suetrong
- National Biobank of Thailand (NBT), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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Peng C, Crous P, Jiang N, Fan X, Liang Y, Tian C. Diversity of Sporocadaceae (pestalotioid fungi) from Rosa in China. PERSOONIA 2022; 49:201-260. [PMID: 38234377 PMCID: PMC10792223 DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2022.49.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rosa (Rosaceae) is an important ornamental and medicinal plant genus worldwide, with several species being cultivated in China. Members of Sporocadaceae (pestalotioid fungi) are globally distributed and include endophytes, saprobes but also plant pathogens, infecting a broad range of host plants on which they can cause important plant diseases. Although several Sporocadaceae species were recorded to inhabit Rosa spp., the taxa occurring on Rosa remain largely unresolved. In this study, a total of 295 diseased samples were collected from branches, fruits, leaves and spines of eight Rosa species (R. chinensis, R. helenae, R. laevigata, R. multiflora, R. omeiensis, R. rugosa, R. spinosissima and R. xanthina) in Gansu, Henan, Hunan, Qinghai, Shaanxi Provinces and the Ningxia Autonomous Region of China. Subsequently 126 strains were obtained and identified based on comparisons of DNA sequence data. Based on these results 15 species residing in six genera of Sporocadaceae were delineated, including four known species (Pestalotiopsis chamaeropis, Pes. rhodomyrtus, Sporocadus sorbi and Spo. trimorphus) and 11 new species described here as Monochaetia rosarum, Neopestalotiopsis concentrica, N. subepidermalis, Pestalotiopsis tumida, Seimatosporium centrale, Seim. gracile, Seim. nonappendiculatum, Seim. parvum, Seiridium rosae, Sporocadus brevis, and Spo. spiniger. This study also represents the first report of Pes. chamaeropis, Pes. rhodomyrtus and Spo. sorbi on Rosa. The overall data revealed that Pestalotiopsis was the most prevalent genus, followed by Seimatosporium, while Pes. chamaeropis and Pes. rhodomyrtus were the two most prevalent species. Analysis of Sporocadaceae abundance on Rosa species and plant organs revealed that spines of R. chinensis had the highest species diversity. Citation: Peng C, Crous PW, Jiang N, et al. 2022. Diversity of Sporocadaceae (pestalotioid fungi) from Rosa in China. Persoonia 49: 201-260. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2022.49.07.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Peng
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - P.W. Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1,6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N. Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - X.L. Fan
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Y.M. Liang
- Museum of Beijing Forestry University, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - C.M. Tian
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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Characterization and identification of fungicide insensitive Pestalotiopsis-like species pathogenic to tea crop in India. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 39:34. [PMID: 36469148 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03474-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Gray blight, a fungal disease caused by Pestalotiopsis-like species, is a widespread disease affecting tea crop (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) in many tea-growing countries, including India, resulting in huge losses in tea production. In India, several studies have been conducted to understand the fungal diseases of tea crop, but gray blight has not been well described in major tea growing areas such as in North Bengal, based on its geographic distribution, molecular analysis, or pathogenicity, and even fungicide resistance. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize the causative agents of gray blight disease in symptomatic leaf sample of tea crop collected from 27 tea gardens located in North Bengal, India and to evaluate some common fungicides against them in order to understand the resistance mechanism. In this study, we characterized Pestalotiopsis-like species based on the phylogenies of DNA sequences (internal transcribed spacers) and assessment of conidial characteristics. The study revealed that out of 27 isolates of gray blight pathogens, 17 belonged to the genus Pseudopestalotiopsis (Ps.), six isolates were Neopestalotiopsis, and four were Pestalotiopsis. Two novel species, Ps. thailandica and N. natalensis were introduced through this study. The most frequently isolated genus from C. chinensis was Pseudopestalotiopsis. Pathogenicity tests showed that the isolates displayed significantly different virulence when inoculated onto wounded tea leaves and the mycelial growth rate was positively correlated with pathogenicity (P < 0.01). Based on the 13 ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) markers used and principal coordinate analysis, it was found that isolates were very diverse. Out of 27 isolates, IND0P2, DLG0P10, and BHAT0P11 isolates were insensitive against both MBC + M3 (Carbendazim + Mancozeb) and DMI (Hexaconazole) fungicides, while isolates SANY0P18, PAHG0P19, RANG0P24, and SING0P25 were insensitive only against MBC + M3 fungicide. Further, these insensitive isolates were grouped into separate clusters by ISSR, indicating their distinctiveness. However, all the evaluated isolates were susceptible to M1 (copper oxychloride) and another DMI (propiconazole) fungicides. Therefore, to manage gray blight, fungicide resistance management strategies as recommended by Fungicide Resistance Action Committee should be implemented.
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Pestalotiopsis Diversity: Species, Dispositions, Secondary Metabolites, and Bioactivities. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27228088. [PMID: 36432188 PMCID: PMC9695833 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pestalotiopsis species have gained attention thanks to their structurally complex and biologically active secondary metabolites. In past decades, several new secondary metabolites were isolated and identified. Their bioactivities were tested, including anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial, and nematicidal activity. Since the previous review published in 2014, new secondary metabolites were isolated and identified from Pestalotiopsis species and unidentified strains. This review gathered published articles from 2014 to 2021 and focused on 239 new secondary metabolites and their bioactivities. To date, 384 Pestalotiopsis species have been discovered in diverse ecological habitats, with the majority of them unstudied. Some may contain secondary metabolites with unique bioactivities that might benefit pharmacology.
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Liu C, Guo H, Liu H, Yu J, Li S, Zhu T, Owusu AM, Li S. Differential Metabolomics Reveals Pathogenesis of Pestalotiopsis kenyana Causing Leaf Spot Disease of Zanthoxylum schinifolium. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:1208. [PMID: 36422029 PMCID: PMC9698000 DOI: 10.3390/jof8111208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pepper leaf spot is a common disease of Zanthoxylum schinifolium. When it is serious, it directly affects the growth of Z. schinifolium, making the plant unable to blossom and bear fruit, which seriously restricts the development of the Z. schinifolium industry. Therefore, the pathogenic mechanism of leaf spots should be explored to provide a basis for a comprehensive understanding of the disease. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technology combined with the data-dependent acquisition, the full spectrum analysis of pathogen mycelium samples was carried out. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to reveal the differences in metabolic patterns among different groups. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and PLS-DA were used to reveal the relationship between samples and metabolites, which reflected the metabolomics changes of Pestalotiopsis kenyana in the logarithmic growth phase of mycelia, the stable growth phase of mycelia, the massive spore stage, the induction culture conditions of PDA and Z. schinifolium leaves, and the possible pathogenic substances were selected for pathogenicity detection. PLS-DA had a strong predictive ability, indicating a clear analysis trend between different groups. The results of the metabolomics analysis showed that the differential metabolites of pathogenic bacteria were abundant at different stages and under different medium conditions, and the content of metabolites changed significantly. There were 3922 differential metabolites in nine groups under positive and negative ion modes, including lipids and lipid molecules, organic acids and their derivatives, organic heterocyclic compounds, organic oxygen compounds, carbohydrate polyketides, nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogs. The results of the pathogenicity test showed that the leaves treated with 3,5-dimethoxy benzoic acid, S-(5-adenosy)-l-homocysteine, 2-(1H-indol-3-yl) acetic acid, l-glutamic acid, and 2-(2-acetyl-3,5-dihydroxy phenyl) acetic acid showed different degrees of yellowish-brown lesions. This indicated that these substances may be related to the pathogenicity of P. kenyana, and the incidence was more serious when treated with 3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid and S-(5-adenosy)- l -homocysteine. This study provides a basis for further analysis of differential metabolites and provides a theoretical reference for the prevention and treatment of Z. schinifolium leaf spot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Haiyao Guo
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Han Liu
- Ganzi Institute of Forestry Research, Kangding 626700, China
| | - Jiawen Yu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shuying Li
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tianhui Zhu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Adjei Mark Owusu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shujiang Li
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River & Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
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Fungicolous Fungi on Pseudosclerotial Plates and Apothecia of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus and Their Biocontrol Potential. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10112250. [DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, research tasks were carried out in the search for fungi with potential biocontrol possibilities in relation to the ash dieback pathogen, Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. In the years 2012–2021, dead petioles of F. excelsior and F. mandshurica were collected, on which morphological structures of H. fraxineus showed unusual symptoms of dying (apothecia) and signs of colonization by other fungi (pseudosclerotial plates). Based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic data, 18 fungal taxa were identified. Thirteen of them belong to Ascomycota: Clonostachys rosea, Cl. solani, Cordyceps sp., Minimidochium sp., Nemania diffusa, Fusarium sp., Pestalotiopsis sp., Trichoderma atroviride, T. harzianum, T. polysporum, T. rodmanii, T. tomentosum, Trichoderma sp., and five other taxa are represented by Basidiomycota: Corticiales sp., Cyathus olla, Efibula sp., Gymnopus sp. and Polyporales sp. In 108 dual cultures in vitro, three different types of interactions were distinguished: (i) physical colony contact (5.6%), (ii) presence of an inhibition zone between the colonies (0.9%), and (iii) copartner overgrowth of H. fraxineus colonies and partial or complete replacement of the pathogen (93.5%). In the dual cultures, various morphological deformations of H. fraxineus hyphae were observed: the development of apical or intercalary cytoplasmic extrusions, development of internal hyphae of the test fungi in pathogens’ hyphae, the deformation and disruption of significant sections of H. fraxineus hyphae via lysis and mycoparasitism, complete desolation of H. fraxineus cells and breakdown of hyphae into short fragments, and disappearing of pigment in the affected hyphae of H. fraxineus. The inoculation tests performed in vivo or in glass Petrie dishes showed that all the identified taxa were able to lead to pathological changes in H. fraxineus apothecia, and the mycelium of some of them completely covered pseudosclerotial plates of H. fraxineus. It was emphasized in the discussion that such activity of these fungi in forest stands may contribute to the reduction in the H. fraxineus inoculum reservoir.
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He YK, Yang Q, Sun YR, Zeng XY, Jayawardena RS, Hyde KD, Wang Y. Additions to Neopestalotiopsis (Amphisphaeriales, Sporocadaceae) fungi: two new species and one new host record from China. Biodivers Data J 2022; 10:e90709. [PMID: 36761578 PMCID: PMC9848506 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.10.e90709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, three Neopestalotiopsis taxa were identified, associated with leaves of Zingiberofficinale, Elaeagnuspungens and Salaccazalacca. New information Based on morphology and multi-gene analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), beta-tubulin (TUB2) and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1), the five strains of Neopestalotiopsis represent two novel and one known species. They are introduced with descriptions, illustrations and notes herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ke He
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, ThailandCenter of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand,Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, ChinaDepartment of Plant Pathology, Agriculture College, Guizhou UniversityGuiyang, 550025China,School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, ThailandSchool of Science, Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, ChinaDepartment of Plant Pathology, Agriculture College, Guizhou UniversityGuiyang, 550025China
| | - Ya-Ru Sun
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, ThailandCenter of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand
| | - Xiang-Yu Zeng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, ChinaDepartment of Plant Pathology, Agriculture College, Guizhou UniversityGuiyang, 550025China
| | - Ruvishika S. Jayawardena
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, ThailandCenter of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, ThailandCenter of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, ChinaDepartment of Plant Pathology, Agriculture College, Guizhou UniversityGuiyang, 550025China
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Wang T, Xu G, Zhou S, Niu Q, Zang J, Yang T, Pang F, Tian F. Gray Blight Disease on Euonymus japonicas Caused by Pestalotiopsis disseminata in China. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 107:1229. [PMID: 36096099 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-22-1373-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Euonymus japonicas is widely planted as an important landscape species throughout China. In June 2021, a serious gray blight disease was detected on E. japonicas in Henan Province (32°30'58" N, 112°19'44" E), causing severe defoliation of infected trees with a foliar disease incidence of 52 to 70% (n = 100). Gray spots initially appeared on leaves, gradually expanded into irregular white blotches with dark brown borders, eventually leading to wilting and death of the leaves. The junctions between the lesion and healthy tissue of infected leaves were cut into 3 × 3-mm pieces, surface sterilized with 1% NaClO solution for 1 min, rinsed in sterile water, and placed on PDA plates with 50 μg/ml of streptomycin. Three isolates (HY94, HY95, and HY98) were selected for subsequent experiments. The colonies reached 80-85 mm diam after 7 days at 25°C, with undulated margins, white to pale in color, with moderate aerial mycelium on the surface. Conidiomata were globose, solitary, and dark black. Conidia were ellipsoid, straight to slightly curved, 4-septate, 19 to 26.4 × 5 to 7.5 μm (n=100). The apical cell was cylindrical and hyaline, with 2 to 3 tubular apical appendages, unbranched, filiform, 2.5 to 3.5 μm in length. The basal appendage was single, unbranched, centric, 1.5 to 3 μm long. The characteristics were close to those of Pestalotiopsis spp. (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2013). The genomic DNA was extracted, and the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the β-tubulin gene (TUB), and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (TEF1) were amplified by primers ITS1/ITS4, Bt2a/Bt2b, and EF1-728F/EF1-986R, respectively (Carbone and Kohn, 1999). Sequences were submitted to GenBank with accession numbers OL840327-OL840329(ITS), OL961454-OL961456(TUB), and OL961448-OL961450 (TEF1). BLASTn analyses of ITS, TUB, and TEF1 sequences exhibited 99.46, 99.05, and 96.53% similarity to the sequences of Pestalotiopsis disseminata strain MEAN1166 (ITS, 548/551 bp; MT374688) (Silva et al. 2020), PSH2000I-066 (TUB, 418/422 bp; DQ333575), and TAP29O082 (TEF1, 250/259 bp; AB453850), respectively in GenBank. The three isolates formed a clade with the type strains, MEAN 1166 and MAFF238347 of P. disseminata in phylogenetic trees, being clearly seperated from other Pestalotiopsis spp. Based on morphological and molecular evidence, the pathogen was identified as P. disseminata (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2011). To fulfill Koch's postulates, pathogenicity was tested with three isolates. Ten healthy leaves of 5-year-old intact plants were used per isolate and inoculated with mycelial plugs on both nonwounded and wounded leaves. Control leaves were inoculated with agar plugs. The inoculated plants were placed at 28°C in a greenhouse (90% relative humidity). Distinct lesions were observed after 10 days. The pathogen reisolated was identical to that of the original cultures according to phenotype and ITS sequences. The control leaves showed no obvious symptoms. P. disseminata is known to cause disease on several important plants in China, such as Camellia japonica (Zhang et al. 2012), Pinus armandii (Hu et al. 2007), and Tripterygium wilfordii (Kumar et al. 2004). This is the first report of gray blight disease caused by P. disseminata on E. japonicas in China and worldwide. The fungal pathogen identification will provide valuable information for prevention and management of gray blight disease associated with E. japonicas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Wang
- Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China;
| | | | - Suo Zhou
- Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China;
| | | | | | | | - FaHu Pang
- Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, China;
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Borah A, Hazarika SN, Thakur D. Potentiality of actinobacteria to combat against biotic and abiotic stresses in tea [Camellia sinensis (L) O. Kuntze]. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:2314-2330. [PMID: 35880359 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tea (Camellia sinensis (L) O. Kuntze) is a long-duration monoculture crop prone to several biotic (fungal diseases and insect pest) and abiotic (nutrient deficiency, drought, and salinity) stress that eventually result in extensive annual crop loss. The specific climatic conditions and the perennial nature of the tea crop favor growth limiting abiotic factors, numerous plant pathogenic fungi (PPF), and insect pests. The review focuses on the susceptibility of tea crops to PPF/pests, drought, salinity, and nutrient constraints and the potential role of beneficial actinobacteria in promoting tea crop health. The review also focuses on some of the major PPF associated with tea, such as Exobasidium vexans, Pestalotiopsis theae, Colletotrichum acutatum, and pests (Helopeltis theivora). The phylum actinobacteria own a remarkable place in agriculture due to the biosynthesis of bioactive metabolites that assist plant growth by direct nutrient assimilation, phytohormone production, and by indirect aid in plant defense against PPF and pests. The chemical diversity and bioactive significance of actinobacterial metabolites (antibiotics, siderophore, volatile organic compounds, phytohormones) are valuable in the agro-economy. This review explores the recent history of investigations in the role of actinobacteria and its secondary metabolites as a biocontrol agent and proposes a commercial application in tea cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atlanta Borah
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Shabiha Nudrat Hazarika
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Debajit Thakur
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Investigations on Fungi Isolated from Apple Trees with Die-Back Symptoms from Basilicata Region (Southern Italy). PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11101374. [PMID: 35631798 PMCID: PMC9147037 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Val d’Agri is an important orchard area located in the Basilicata Region (Southern Italy). A phenomenon affecting cv. “Golden Delicious” apples which lead to tree death has been observed in the past several years in this area. This phenomenon has already been detected in about 20 hectares and is rapidly expanding. The symptoms observed were “scaly bark” and extensive cankers, mainly located in the lower part of the trunk, associated with wood decay. Dead plants ranged from 20% to 80% and, in many cases, trees were removed by farmers. In order to identify the causes of this phenomenon, investigations were started in autumn/winter 2019. In order to determine the possible causal agents, fungal and bacterial isolations, from symptomatic tissues, were performed in laboratory. Bacterial isolations gave negative results, whereas pure fungal cultures (PFCs) were obtained after 3–4 passages on potato dextrose agar (PDA) media. Genetic material was extracted from each PFC and amplified by PCR using three pairs of primers: ITS5/4, Bt2a/Bt2b and ACT-512F/ACT-783R. The amplicons were directly sequenced, and nucleotide sequences were compared with those already present in the NCBI GenBank nucleotide database. All isolated fungi were identified based on morphological features and multilocus molecular analyses. Neofusicoccum parvum, Diaporthe eres and Trametes versicolor were most frequently isolated, while Pestalotiopsis funerea, Phomopsis spp. and Diaporthe foeniculina were less frequently isolated. All nucleotide sequences obtained in this study have been deposited into the EMBL database. Pathogenicity tests showed that N. parvum was the most pathogenic and aggressive fungus, while Phomopsis sp. was demonstrated to be the less virulent one. All the investigated fungi were repeatedly reisolated from artificially inoculated twigs of 2-year-old apple trees, cv. “Golden Delicious”, and subsequently morphologically and molecularly identified. The role played by the above-mentioned fungi in the alterations observed in field is also discussed.
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Zhang Z, Liu R, Liu S, Mu T, Zhang X, Xia J. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses reveal two new species of Sporocadaceae from Hainan, China. MycoKeys 2022; 88:171-192. [PMID: 35585932 PMCID: PMC9023435 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.88.82229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Species of Sporocadaceae have often been reported as plant pathogens, endophytes or saprophytes and are commonly isolated from a wide range of plant hosts. The isolated fungi were studied through a complete examination, based on multilocus phylogenies from combined datasets of ITS/tub2/tef1, in conjunction with morphological characteristics. Nine strains were isolated from Ficusmicrocarpa, Ilexchinensis and Schimasuperba in China which represented four species, viz., Monochaetiaschimaesp. nov., Neopestalotiopsishaikouensissp. nov., Neopestalotiopsispiceana and Pestalotiopsislicualicola. Neopestalotiopsispiceana was a new country record for China and first host record from Ficusmacrocarpa. Pestalotiopsislicualicola was first report from Ilexchinensis in China.
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Hidrobo-Chavez J, Ramírez-Villacís DX, Barriga-Medina N, Herrera K, León-Reyes A. First Report of Neopestalotiopsis mesopotamica Causing Root and Crown Rot on Strawberry in Ecuador. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:1066. [PMID: 34546776 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-21-1278-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Hidrobo-Chavez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Agrícola y de Alimentos, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías-Agronomía, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Campus Cumbayá, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - D X Ramírez-Villacís
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Agrícola y de Alimentos, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías-Agronomía, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Campus Cumbayá, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - N Barriga-Medina
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Agrícola y de Alimentos, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías-Agronomía, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Campus Cumbayá, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - K Herrera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Agrícola y de Alimentos, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías-Agronomía, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Campus Cumbayá, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - A León-Reyes
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Agrícola y de Alimentos, Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías-Agronomía, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Campus Cumbayá, Quito 170901, Ecuador
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Current Insight into Traditional and Modern Methods in Fungal Diversity Estimates. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8030226. [PMID: 35330228 PMCID: PMC8955040 DOI: 10.3390/jof8030226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi are an important and diverse component in various ecosystems. The methods to identify different fungi are an important step in any mycological study. Classical methods of fungal identification, which rely mainly on morphological characteristics and modern use of DNA based molecular techniques, have proven to be very helpful to explore their taxonomic identity. In the present compilation, we provide detailed information on estimates of fungi provided by different mycologistsover time. Along with this, a comprehensive analysis of the importance of classical and molecular methods is also presented. In orderto understand the utility of genus and species specific markers in fungal identification, a polyphasic approach to investigate various fungi is also presented in this paper. An account of the study of various fungi based on culture-based and cultureindependent methods is also provided here to understand the development and significance of both approaches. The available information on classical and modern methods compiled in this study revealed that the DNA based molecular studies are still scant, and more studies are required to achieve the accurate estimation of fungi present on earth.
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Fungal diversity notes 1512-1610: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa. FUNGAL DIVERS 2022; 117:1-272. [PMID: 36852303 PMCID: PMC9948003 DOI: 10.1007/s13225-022-00513-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
This article is the 14th in the Fungal Diversity Notes series, wherein we report 98 taxa distributed in two phyla, seven classes, 26 orders and 50 families which are described and illustrated. Taxa in this study were collected from Australia, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Chile, China, Cyprus, Egypt, France, French Guiana, India, Indonesia, Italy, Laos, Mexico, Russia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam. There are 59 new taxa, 39 new hosts and new geographical distributions with one new combination. The 59 new species comprise Angustimassarina kunmingense, Asterina lopi, Asterina brigadeirensis, Bartalinia bidenticola, Bartalinia caryotae, Buellia pruinocalcarea, Coltricia insularis, Colletotrichum flexuosum, Colletotrichum thasutense, Coniochaeta caraganae, Coniothyrium yuccicola, Dematipyriforma aquatic, Dematipyriforma globispora, Dematipyriforma nilotica, Distoseptispora bambusicola, Fulvifomes jawadhuvensis, Fulvifomes malaiyanurensis, Fulvifomes thiruvannamalaiensis, Fusarium purpurea, Gerronema atrovirens, Gerronema flavum, Gerronema keralense, Gerronema kuruvense, Grammothele taiwanensis, Hongkongmyces changchunensis, Hypoxylon inaequale, Kirschsteiniothelia acutisporum, Kirschsteiniothelia crustaceum, Kirschsteiniothelia extensum, Kirschsteiniothelia septemseptatum, Kirschsteiniothelia spatiosum, Lecanora immersocalcarea, Lepiota subthailandica, Lindgomyces guizhouensis, Marthe asmius pallidoaurantiacus, Marasmius tangerinus, Neovaginatispora mangiferae, Pararamichloridium aquisubtropicum, Pestalotiopsis piraubensis, Phacidium chinaum, Phaeoisaria goiasensis, Phaeoseptum thailandicum, Pleurothecium aquisubtropicum, Pseudocercospora vernoniae, Pyrenophora verruculosa, Rhachomyces cruralis, Rhachomyces hyperommae, Rhachomyces magrinii, Rhachomyces platyprosophi, Rhizomarasmius cunninghamietorum, Skeletocutis cangshanensis, Skeletocutis subchrysella, Sporisorium anadelphiae-leptocomae, Tetraploa dashaoensis, Tomentella exiguelata, Tomentella fuscoaraneosa, Tricholomopsis lechatii, Vaginatispora flavispora and Wetmoreana blastidiocalcarea. The new combination is Torula sundara. The 39 new records on hosts and geographical distribution comprise Apiospora guiyangensis, Aplosporella artocarpi, Ascochyta medicaginicola, Astrocystis bambusicola, Athelia rolfsii, Bambusicola bambusae, Bipolaris luttrellii, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Chlorophyllum squamulosum, Colletotrichum aeschynomenes, Colletotrichum pandanicola, Coprinopsis cinerea, Corylicola italica, Curvularia alcornii, Curvularia senegalensis, Diaporthe foeniculina, Diaporthe longicolla, Diaporthe phaseolorum, Diatrypella quercina, Fusarium brachygibbosum, Helicoma aquaticum, Lepiota metulispora, Lepiota pongduadensis, Lepiota subvenenata, Melanconiella meridionalis, Monotosporella erecta, Nodulosphaeria digitalis, Palmiascoma gregariascomum, Periconia byssoides, Periconia cortaderiae, Pleopunctum ellipsoideum, Psilocybe keralensis, Scedosporium apiospermum, Scedosporium dehoogii, Scedosporium marina, Spegazzinia deightonii, Torula fici, Wiesneriomyces laurinus and Xylaria venosula. All these taxa are supported by morphological and multigene phylogenetic analyses. This article allows the researchers to publish fungal collections which are important for future studies. An updated, accurate and timely report of fungus-host and fungus-geography is important. We also provide an updated list of fungal taxa published in the previous fungal diversity notes. In this list, erroneous taxa and synonyms are marked and corrected accordingly.
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Li L, Yang Q, Li H. Morphology, Phylogeny, and Pathogenicity of Pestalotioid Species on Camellia oleifera in China. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7121080. [PMID: 34947061 PMCID: PMC8705482 DOI: 10.3390/jof7121080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea-oil tree (Camellia oleifera) is an important edible oil woody plant with a planting area of over 3,800,000 hectares in southern China. Pestalotioid fungi are associated with a wide variety of plants worldwide along with endophytes, pathogens, and saprobes. In this study, symptomatic leaves of C. oleifera were collected from Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hunan, and Jiangsu Provinces and pestalotioid fungi are characterized based on combined sequence data analyses of internal transcribed spacer (ITS), beta tubulin (tub2), and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef-1α) coupled with morphological characteristics. As a result, seven species were confirmed, of which five species are described as new viz. N. camelliae-oleiferae, P. camelliae-oleiferae, P. hunanensis, P. nanjingensis, P.nanningensis, while the other two are reported as known species, viz., N. cubana and N. iberica. Pathogenicity assays showed that all species except for P. nanjingensis developed brown lesions on healthy leaves and P. camelliae-oleiferae showed stronger virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Li
- Key Laboratory for Non-Wood Forest Cultivation and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China;
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Control of Diseases and Pests of South Plantation, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Non-Wood Forest Cultivation and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China;
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Control of Diseases and Pests of South Plantation, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Forestry Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Correspondence: (Q.Y.); (H.L.)
| | - He Li
- Key Laboratory for Non-Wood Forest Cultivation and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China;
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Control of Diseases and Pests of South Plantation, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Control of Forest Diseases and Pests, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Forestry Biotechnology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
- Correspondence: (Q.Y.); (H.L.)
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Zheng S, Chen R, Wang Z, Liu J, Cai Y, Peng M, Zhang T, Li Y, Wang B, Bao J, Zhang D, Wang Z, Hu H. High-Quality Genome Assembly of Pseudopestalotiopsis theae, the Pathogenic Fungus Causing Tea Gray Blight. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:3723-3726. [PMID: 33978433 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-21-0318-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tea gray blight is one of the most serious foliar diseases of tea tree, caused by the plant-pathogenic fungus Pseudopestalotiopsis theae, which can affect production and quality of tea worldwide. We generated a highly contiguous, 50.41-Mbp genome assembly (N50 = 1.30 Mbp) of P. theae strain CYF27 by combining PacBio long-read and Illumina short-read sequencing technologies. We identified a total of 15,626 gene models, of which 1,038 genes encode putative secreted proteins. The high-quality genome assembly and annotation resource reported here will be useful for the study of fungal infection mechanisms and pathogen-host interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqin Zheng
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ruiqi Chen
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yan Cai
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Minghui Peng
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yunxi Li
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Baohua Wang
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jiandong Bao
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Hongli Hu
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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Xu X, Huang R, Yin WB. An Optimized and Efficient CRISPR/Cas9 System for the Endophytic Fungus Pestalotiopsis fici. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:809. [PMID: 34682231 PMCID: PMC8539907 DOI: 10.3390/jof7100809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are emerging as attractive producers of natural products with diverse bioactivities and novel structures. However, difficulties in the genetic manipulation of endophytic fungi limit the search of novel secondary metabolites. In this study, we improved the polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated protoplast transformation method by introducing the CRISPR/Cas9 system into endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis fici. Using this approach, we performed genome editing such as site-specific gene insertion, dual-locus mutations, and long DNA fragment deletions in P. fici efficiently. The average efficiency for site-specific gene insertion and two-site gene editing was up to 48.0% and 44.4%, respectively. In addition, the genetic manipulation time with long DNA fragment (5-10 kb) deletion was greatly shortened to one week in comparison with traditional methods such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT). Taken together, the development of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in the endophytic fungus will accelerate the discovery of novel natural products and further biological study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.X.); (R.H.)
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Runye Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.X.); (R.H.)
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wen-Bing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; (X.X.); (R.H.)
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Bhuiyan MAB, Sultana N, Mahmud NU, Kader MA, Hassan O, Chang T, Islam T, Akanda AM. Characterization of Pestalotiopsis sp. causing gray leaf spot in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) in Bangladesh. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 61:1085-1097. [PMID: 34490920 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is one of the most important fruit trees in Bangladesh. This tree is susceptible to various pathogens. Among them, a fungus was consistently isolated from gray leaf spot symptom in coconut. This study aimed to isolate, characterize, and find the management strategies of the causal fungus of gray leaf spot disease in coconut. Both morphological and molecular characters identified the pathogen as Pestalotiopsis sp. for the first time in Bangladesh. Artificial inoculation of this fungus showed symptoms similar to those previously observed in the field. Cross-inoculation test suggests that Pestalotiopsis sp. has a wide host range. The infection process of Pestalotiopsis sp. started at 2 h after inoculation (hai) with the formation of germ tube followed by the formation of infection hyphae, which penetrated directly into the host at 6 hai. Gray leaf spot symptom was developed at 120 hai. Numerous conidia developed from the acervuli at 168 hai. These conidia acted as the source of inocula for secondary infection. The optimum temperature for the growth of Pestalotiopsis sp. was 25°C, however, the growth of Pestalotiopsis sp. ceased at 15°C and 35°C. This pathogen was completely inhibited by Autostin 50 WDG (carbendazim) at 100 ppm. Trichoderma viride (Pb-7) was found as the potential biocontrol agent against Pestalotiopsis sp. These findings could contribute to describing the disease cycle and epidemiology of Pestalotiopsis sp. that would ultimately require to undertake effective control measures against this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdullahil Baki Bhuiyan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Nasrin Sultana
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Nur U Mahmud
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetics Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdul Kader
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Oliul Hassan
- Department of Ecology & Environmental System, College of Ecology & Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Taehyun Chang
- Department of Ecology & Environmental System, College of Ecology & Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Tofazzal Islam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetics Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Abdul M Akanda
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
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Prasannath K, Galea VJ, Akinsanmi OA. Influence of climatic factors on dry flower, grey and green mould diseases of macadamia flowers in Australia. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:1291-1306. [PMID: 34319639 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Flower blights (grey mould, green mould and dry flower) are important diseases of macadamia. Lack of information on pathogen biology and disease epidemiology in macadamia has hampered control options. Effects of climatic variables including temperature, relative humidity (RH) and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) on the abundance, germination and growth of conidia of four fungal pathogens that cause various flower blights in macadamia were studied. METHODS AND RESULTS Mycelial growth, sporulation, conidial germination and germ tube growth for five isolates each of Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Pestalotiopsis macadamiae and Neopestalotiopsis macadamiae, at eight temperatures, seven RH and the corresponding VPD regimes were determined in vitro. The optimal climatic range of each of the four pathogens was validated during macadamia flowering periods in the 2019 and 2020 seasons by conidia detected and quantified using quantitative PCR. Several growth models were fitted to the data with high significance; predicted optima from these models ranged from 0.9 to 1.1 kPa VPD for P. macadamiae and N. macadamiae and <0.6 kPa VPD for B. cinerea and C. cladosporioides. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that VPD, as a determinant of the fecundity and growth of the four fungal pathogens, was predictive of flower blight incidence in macadamia. The importance of temperature, RH and, thus, VPD for defining the conditions for infection and flower blight epidemics was established. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This information provides a firm basis for the development of prediction tools for flower blights in macadamia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandeeparoopan Prasannath
- Centre for Horticultural Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Dutton Park, Queensland, Australia
| | - Victor J Galea
- School of Agriculture & Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Olufemi A Akinsanmi
- Centre for Horticultural Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Dutton Park, Queensland, Australia
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Xin TK, Azman NM, Firdaus RBR, Ismail NA, Rosli H. Airborne fungi in Universiti Sains Malaysia: knowledge, density and diversity. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:504. [PMID: 34296330 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09238-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Airborne fungi are among common contaminants in indoor and outdoor environments, leading to poor indoor air quality (IAQ), and to some extent, implicate health risks to humans worldwide. In Malaysia, fungal contamination in institutional buildings is rarely documented although these places are frequently visited by many. This study was conducted to assess the density and diversity of airborne fungi in Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) main campus, Penang. A total of 11 sampling sites were assessed. Fungi were collected by using Andersen Single Stage Impact Air Sampler N-6 and MEA plates. Two separate trials, namely Trial 1 and Trial 2, were conducted in 2008 and 2019, respectively. The recovered fungi were identified up to the genus level-based morphological features. A survey involving 400 respondents among USM staff and students in relation to fungal contamination in indoor air environment was also conducted to evaluate the knowledge on indoor fungi among USM community. The densities of indoor air fungi in Trial 1 were higher; ranging from 81 to 1743 CFU/m3, exceeding the recommended level set by the Malaysia Industry Code of Practice (MCPIAQ) in some sampling sites, compared to that of in Trial 2 where the densities ranged from 229 to 699 CFU/m3. A total of 154 isolates and 230 isolates of airborne fungi were recovered in Trial 1 and Trial 2, respectively. In total, 11 fungal genera were identified in both trials, and three genera were predominant: Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Cladosporium. The survey also revealed that knowledge of IAQ among staff and students was limited and that they were unaware of fungal contamination and IAQ. A continuous and wide-spread awareness should be implemented at USM main campus for safer and healthier indoor air environments, particularly university students where productivity and efficiency are of the utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tham Khai Xin
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Munira Azman
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - R B Radin Firdaus
- School of Social Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azliza Ismail
- Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang, Jengka Campus, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Hafizi Rosli
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
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Chen J, Huang X, Tong B, Wang D, Liu J, Liao X, Sun Q. Effects of rhizosphere fungi on the chemical composition of fruits of the medicinal plant Cinnamomum migao endemic to southwestern China. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:206. [PMID: 34229615 PMCID: PMC8259389 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02216-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined how rhizosphere fungi influence the accumulation of chemical components in fruits of a small population species of Cinnamomum migao. RESULTS Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were dominant in the rhizosphere fungal community of C. migao. Pestalotiopsis and Gibellulopsis were associated with α-Terpineol and sabinene content, and Gibellulopsis was associated with crude fat and carbohydrate content. There were significant differences in rhizosphere fungal populations between watersheds, and there was no obvious change between fruiting periods. Gibberella, Ilyonectria, Micropsalliota, and Geminibasidium promoted sabinene accumulation, and Clitocybula promoted α-Terpineol accumulation. CONCLUSION The climate-related differentiation of rhizosphere fungal communities in watershed areas is the main driver of the chemical composition of C. migao fruit. The control of the production of biologically active compounds by the rhizosphere fungal community provides new opportunities to increase the industrial and medicinal value of the fruit of C. migao.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhong Chen
- Forest Ecology Research Center, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guihzou Province, China
| | - Xiaolong Huang
- Forest Ecology Research Center, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guihzou Province, China
| | - Bingli Tong
- Forest Ecology Research Center, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guihzou Province, China
| | - Deng Wang
- Forest Ecology Research Center, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guihzou Province, China
| | - Jiming Liu
- Forest Ecology Research Center, College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guihzou Province, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Liao
- Guizhou province Institute of Mountain Resources, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Qingwen Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
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Nuthan BR, Meghavarshinigowda BR, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Mahadevakumar S, Marulasiddaswamy KM, Sunilkumar CR, Amruthesh KN, Satish S. Morphological and molecular characterization of Neopestalotiopsis vitis associated with leaf blight disease of Manilkara zapota-a new record from India. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 73:352-362. [PMID: 34096638 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sapota is an important horticultural crop grown in India, and Karnataka is a major producer of sapota. A characteristic leaf blight disease was observed in Southern Karnataka during field surveys conducted in 2019 with an incidence of 13-22% in approximately 45 ha of sapota field. The leaf blight-associated pathogen was isolated on the potato dextrose agar medium. A total of 12 isolates obtained from each location were identified culturally and morphologically. Based on the morphological and cultural features, the pathogen was identified as Pestalotiopsis or Neopestalotiopsis, which was further confirmed by molecular identification using a representative isolate (MZ03). The ITS rDNA and β-tubulin genes were amplified and sequenced using ITS1/ITS4 and T1/T22 primer pairs respectively. nBLAST search analysis and concatenated (ITS-rDNA and TUB2 loci) phylogenetic analysis confirmed the pathogen identity as Neopestalotiopsis vitis. Pathogenicity tests conducted on detached leaves by inoculation with a conidial suspension of N. vitis produced typical blight symptoms after 4-5 days and progressed to cover the entire leaf lamina after 10-12 days. The pathogen's identity was confirmed after re-isolation by cultural and morphological features. Although Pestalotiopsis clavispora and Pestalotiopsis versicolor causing diseases on sapota seedlings and trees have been reported, no reports are available for the occurrence of N. vitis to sapota from India. This is the first report of N. vitis associated with leaf blight disease of sapota from India.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Nuthan
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Mysore, India.,Global Association of Scientific Young Minds, Mysuru, India
| | - B R Meghavarshinigowda
- Global Association of Scientific Young Minds, Mysuru, India.,Applied Phytopathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Mysore, India
| | - S S N Maharachchikumbura
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shivannegowda Mahadevakumar
- Global Association of Scientific Young Minds, Mysuru, India.,Applied Phytopathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Mysore, India
| | - K M Marulasiddaswamy
- Global Association of Scientific Young Minds, Mysuru, India.,Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Mysore, India
| | - C R Sunilkumar
- Global Association of Scientific Young Minds, Mysuru, India
| | - K N Amruthesh
- Applied Phytopathology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Mysore, India
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Tibpromma S, Dong Y, Ranjitkar S, Schaefer DA, Karunarathna SC, Hyde KD, Jayawardena RS, Manawasinghe IS, Bebber DP, Promputtha I, Xu J, Mortimer PE, Sheng J. Climate-Fungal Pathogen Modeling Predicts Loss of Up to One-Third of Tea Growing Areas. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:610567. [PMID: 33996616 PMCID: PMC8116803 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.610567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change will affect numerous crops in the future; however, perennial crops, such as tea, are particularly vulnerable. Climate change will also strongly influence fungal pathogens. Here, we predict how future climatic conditions will impact tea and its associated pathogens. We collected data on the three most important fungal pathogens of tea (Colletotrichum acutatum, Co. camelliae, and Exobasidium vexans) and then modeled distributions of tea and these fungal pathogens using current and projected climates. The models show that baseline tea-growing areas will become unsuitable for Camellia sinensis var. sinensis (15 to 32% loss) and C. sinensis var. assamica (32 to 34% loss) by 2050. Although new areas will become more suitable for tea cultivation, existing and potentially new fungal pathogens will present challenges in these areas, and they are already under other land-use regimes. In addition, future climatic scenarios suitable range of fungal species and tea suitable cultivation (respectively in CSS and CSA) growing areas are Co. acutatum (44.30%; 31.05%), Co. camelliae (13.10%; 10.70%), and E. vexans (10.20%; 11.90%). Protecting global tea cultivation requires innovative approaches that consider fungal genomics as part and parcel of plant pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saowaluck Tibpromma
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, China
- World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia, Kunming, China
- Centre for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Research Institute for Local Plateau Agriculture and Industry, Kunming, China
| | - Sailesh Ranjitkar
- Centre for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming, China
- N. Gene Solution of Natural Innovation, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Douglas A. Schaefer
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, China
| | - Samantha C. Karunarathna
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, China
- World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia, Kunming, China
- Centre for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming, China
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, China
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | | | | | - Daniel P. Bebber
- Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Itthayakorn Promputtha
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Research Center in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Jianchu Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, China
- World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia, Kunming, China
- Centre for Mountain Futures, Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming, China
| | - Peter E. Mortimer
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Sheng
- Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Tsai I, Chung CL, Lin SR, Hung TH, Shen TL, Hu CY, Hozzein WN, Ariyawansa HA. Cryptic Diversity, Molecular Systematics, and Pathogenicity of Genus Pestalotiopsis and Allied Genera Causing Gray Blight Disease of Tea in Taiwan, With a Description of a New Pseudopestalotiopsis Species. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:425-443. [PMID: 32720884 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-20-1134-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze, commonly known as tea, is widely cultivated around the world in tropical and subtropical areas. Tea is mainly manufactured using young shoots of tea plants. Therefore, it is essential to control foliar diseases. Gray blight disease is caused by pestalotiopsis-like taxa and is known as one of the most destructive tea diseases. Although several studies have provided the groundwork for the fungal diseases associated with C. sinensis in Taiwan, gray blight disease has not been characterized based on diversity, molecular systematics, or pathogenicity. The goal of this study was to identify and characterize the causative agents of tea gray blight disease. A total of 98 pestalotiopsis-like isolates associated with symptomatic leaves of C. sinensis from major tea fields in Taiwan were investigated. Based on phylogenies of single and concatenated DNA sequences (internal transcribed spacer, β-tubulin, translation elongation factor 1-α) together with morphology, we resolved most of the pestalotiopsis-like species in this study. The study revealed seven well-classified taxa and seven tentative clades in three genera: Pestalotiopsis, Pseudopestalotiopsis, and Neopestalotiopsis. One novel species, Pseudopestalotiopsis annellata, was introduced. Five new records, Pseudopestalotiopsis chinensis, Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis, Pestalotiopsis camelliae, Pestalotiopsis yanglingensis, and Pestalotiopsis trachicarpicola, were introduced for the first time in Taiwan. Pseudopestalotiopsis chinensis was the taxon most frequently isolated from C. sinensis in this study. Furthermore, results of pathogenicity assessments exhibited that, with wound inoculation, all assayed isolates in this study were pathogenic on tea leaves. Pseudopestalotiopsis chinensis and Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis were identified as the major pathogens associated with gray blight disease of tea in Taiwan. To our knowledge, this is the first study of the diversity, pathogenicity, and characterization of pestalotiopsis-like fungi causing tea gray blight disease in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichen Tsai
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Chung
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Ruei Lin
- Department of Tea Agronomy, Tea Research and Extension Station, Taoyuan 32654, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsuan Hung
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tang-Long Shen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Centre for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10672, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yi Hu
- Department of Tea Agronomy, Tea Research and Extension Station, Taoyuan 32654, Taiwan
| | - Wael N Hozzein
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Hiran A Ariyawansa
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Baggio JS, Forcelini BB, Wang NY, Ruschel RG, Mertely JC, Peres NA. Outbreak of Leaf Spot and Fruit Rot in Florida Strawberry Caused by Neopestalotiopsis spp. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:PDIS06201290RE. [PMID: 32762327 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-20-1290-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pestalotiopsis-like species have been reported affecting strawberry worldwide. Recently, severe and unprecedented outbreaks have been reported in Florida commercial fields where leaf, fruit, petiole, crown, and root symptoms were observed, and yield was severely affected. The taxonomic status of the fungus is confusing because it has gone through multiple reclassifications over the years. Morphological characteristics, phylogenetic analyses, and pathogenicity tests were evaluated for strawberry isolates recovered from diseased plants in Florida. Phylogenetic analyses derived from the combined internal transcribed spacer, β-tub, and tef1 regions demonstrated that although there was low genetic diversity among the strawberry isolates, there was a clear separation of the isolates in two groups. The first group included isolates recovered over a period of several years, which was identified as Neopestalotiopsis rosae. Most isolates recovered during the recent outbreaks were genetically different and may belong to a new species. On potato dextrose agar, both groups produced white, circular, and cottony colonies. From the bottom, colonies were white to pale yellow for Neopestalotiopsis sp. and pale luteous to orange for N. rosae. Spores for both groups were five-celled with three median versicolored cells. Mycelial growth and spore production were higher for the new Neopestalotiopsis sp. isolates. Isolates from both groups were pathogenic to strawberry roots and crowns. However, the new Neopestalotiopsis sp. proved more aggressive in fruit and leaf inoculation tests, confirming observations from the recent outbreaks in commercial strawberry fields in Florida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana S Baggio
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL 33598, U.S.A
| | | | - Nan-Yi Wang
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL 33598, U.S.A
| | - Rafaela G Ruschel
- São Paulo State University, College of Agricultural Sciences, Botucatu, São Paulo 18610-034, Brazil
| | - James C Mertely
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL 33598, U.S.A
| | - Natalia A Peres
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL 33598, U.S.A
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Das K, Lee SY, Jung HY. Pestalotiopsis kaki sp. nov., a Novel Species Isolated from Persimmon Tree ( Diospyros kaki) Bark in Korea. MYCOBIOLOGY 2020; 49:54-60. [PMID: 33536812 PMCID: PMC7832506 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2020.1852703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During the screening of Korean microflora, a fungal strain (KNU-PT-1804) belonging to the genus Pestalotiopsis was isolated from persimmon tree (Diospyros kaki) bark collected from North Gyeongsang Province, Korea. The strain, KNU-PT-1804, produced smaller conidia compared with related species P. kenyana, P. neglecta, and P. telopeae. The novelty of the strain was confirmed based on phylogenetic analysis using molecular datasets of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, β-tubulin (TUB2), and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1α) genes. Molecular phylogeny strongly supports that the strain is distinct from previously known Pestalotiopsis species, and we proposed the novel species, Pestalotiopsis kaki sp. nov., and provide a detailed description and illustration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kallol Das
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Lee
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Institute of Plant Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hee-Young Jung
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Institute of Plant Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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49
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Sphaeropsis sapinea and fungal endophyte diversity in twigs of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) in Germany. Mycol Prog 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-020-01617-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSphaeropsis sapinea is the causal fungal agent of Diplodia tip blight disease of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and other coniferous trees of relevance to forestry in Germany. In this study, the distribution and occurrence of S. sapinea and accompanying endophytic fungi in twigs of healthy and diseased Scots pine was investigated on a spatial and temporal scale. Sampling of 26,000 twig segments from trees in 105 temperate coniferous forest stands in Germany resulted in isolation of 33,000 endophytic fungi consisting of 103 species identified based on morphological and ITS-DNA sequence analyses. Approximately 98% of the sample was represented by fungi in the Ascomycota, with only two species (Peniophora pini and Coprinellus sp.) belonging to the Basidiomycota. Four species were detected in a frequency greater than 10% (Sphaeropsis sapinea, Sydowia polyspora, Microsphaeropsis olivacea, and Truncatella conorum-piceae) from the collective sample. A typical inhabitant of Scots pine twigs Desmazierella acicola was isolated and additionally typical hardwood colonizers like Biscogniauxia spp. were detected. S. sapinea, an endophytic plant pathogen with saprobic capabilities, was isolated from more than 80% of the studied pine trees, but the majority of trees sampled showed no symptoms of Diplodia tip blight. No invasive, pathogenic quarantine fungi for Germany were isolated from healthy or diseased Scots pines. Advantages and disadvantages of isolation-based endophyte studies over studies using direct DNA-isolation are discussed. Knowledge of the fungal endophyte communities in twigs of Scots pine allowed for identification S. sapinea and other potential pathogens of pines and other forest trees that may possibly contribute to increased disease under repeated periods of drought and heat stress in the future.
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Hyde KD, Jeewon R, Chen YJ, Bhunjun CS, Calabon MS, Jiang HB, Lin CG, Norphanphoun C, Sysouphanthong P, Pem D, Tibpromma S, Zhang Q, Doilom M, Jayawardena RS, Liu JK, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Phukhamsakda C, Phookamsak R, Al-Sadi AM, Thongklang N, Wang Y, Gafforov Y, Gareth Jones EB, Lumyong S. The numbers of fungi: is the descriptive curve flattening? FUNGAL DIVERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-020-00458-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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