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Gañán-Betancur L, Crane JH, Schaffer B, Vargas AI, Sarkhosh A, Gazis R. Essential Oils for Managing Anthracnose in Mango ( Mangifera indica): Laboratory Results Do Not Translate into Field Efficacy. PLANT DISEASE 2024:PDIS01240267RE. [PMID: 38803069 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-24-0267-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Essential oil-based products with broad plant disease control claims are commercially available and may be a practical alternative to copper fungicides for crop protection in organic mango orchards. We evaluated the disease control efficacy and crop safety of thyme oil, savory oil, and tree tea oil through replicated in vitro, in vivo (detached leaf and potted trees), and field assays. Three Colletotrichum species associated with mango anthracnose were tested in vitro, whereas only C. siamense was used for in vivo assays. Within the range of concentrations tested in vitro (62.5 to 2,000 μl active ingredient [a.i.]/liter), thyme and savory oil displayed fungicidal activity, whereas no fungistatic or fungicidal activity was observed with tea tree oil. In the in vivo assays, none of the treatments based on a preventive application rate of thyme (1,150 μl a.i./liter), savory (2,000 μl a.i./liter), or tea tree oil (342 μl a.i./liter) were effective in preventing the development of anthracnose on wounded and artificially inoculated leaves. Although field applications of thyme or tea tree oil did not result in phytotoxicity or negative impacts on fruit yield, they were ineffective in reducing the incidence and severity of naturally occurring anthracnose. Applications of copper hydroxide approved for organic agriculture were effective in controlling anthracnose in the field, and no added benefits were found by premixing this compound with thyme oil. Results indicate that essential oil products based on thyme or tea tree oil are inefficient at controlling anthracnose in mangoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lederson Gañán-Betancur
- Department of Plant Pathology, Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031
| | - Jonathan H Crane
- Horticultural Sciences Department, Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031
| | - Bruce Schaffer
- Horticultural Sciences Department, Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031
| | - Ana I Vargas
- Horticultural Sciences Department, Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031
| | - Ali Sarkhosh
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Romina Gazis
- Department of Plant Pathology, Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031
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Liu Y, Tan X, Zhao J, Niu Y, Hsiang T, Yu Z, Qin W. Diversity of Colletotrichum species associated with anthracnose on Euonymus japonicus and their sensitivity to fungicides. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1411625. [PMID: 38938640 PMCID: PMC11208684 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1411625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
As an evergreen shrub, Euonymus japonicus plays a crucial role in urban landscape construction, and its growth is affected by severe foliar anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp. However, the biodiversity of Colletotrichum species associated with anthracnose on E. japonicus remains undetermined. This study involved a two-year collection of E. japonicus leaf samples with typical anthracnose symptoms from 9 districts in Beijing, China. A total of 194 Colletotrichum isolates were obtained, and eight Colletotrichum species were subsequently identified using morphological characteristics and molecular identification with the ACT, GADPH, CHS, TUB2, and CAL genes, as well as the rDNA-ITS region. These species included Colletotrichum aenigma, C. fructicola, C. gloeosporioides, C. grossum, C. hebeiense, C. karstii, C. siamense, and C. theobromicola with C. siamense being the most prevalent (57%), followed by C. aenigma and C. theobromicola. Furthermore, C. fructicola, C. grossum and C. hebeiense are reported for the first time as causal agents of anthracnose on E. japonicus worldwide, and C. karstii is newly reported to be associated with E. japonicus anthracnose in China. Pathogenicity tests revealed that all tested isolates exhibited pathogenicity in the presence of wounds, emphasizing the need to avoid artificial or mechanical wounds to prevent infection in E. japonicus management. The EC50 values of five fungicides, namely difenoconazole, flusilazole, tebuconazole, hexaconazole, and prochloraz, were found to be less than 10 mg/L, indicating their strong potential for application. Notably, the EC50 of prochloraz was less than 0.05 mg/L for C. theobromicola. These findings offer valuable insights for the management of anthracnose on E. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayong Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yajie Niu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tom Hsiang
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Zhihe Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Wentao Qin
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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Barreto Ramos DG, Gurgel Amaral AG, Duarte IG, Carlos da Silva A, Anderson Dos Santos Vieira W, Castlebury LA, Saraiva Câmara MP. Endophytic species of Colletotrichum associated with cashew tree in northeastern Brazil. Fungal Biol 2024; 128:1780-1789. [PMID: 38796262 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum is the most severe and widely occurring cashew disease in Brazil. Colletotrichum species are commonly found as pathogens, endophytes and occasionally as saprophytes in a wide range of hosts. The endophytic species associated with cashew trees are poorly studied. In this study, we report the Colletotrichum endophytic species associated with cashew trees in two locations in the state of Pernambuco, their prevalence in different plant organs (leaves, veins, branches and inflorescences), and compare the species in terms of pathogenicity and aggressiveness using different inoculation methods (wounded × unwounded). Six species of Colletotrichum were identified according to multilocus phylogenetic analyses, including Colletotrichum asianum, Colletotrichum chrysophilum, Colletotrichum karsti, Colletotrichum siamense, Colletotrichum theobromicola, and Colletotrichum tropicale. There were differences in the percentage of isolation in relation to the prevalence of colonized tissues and collection locations. C. tropicale was the prevalent species in both geographic areas and plant tissues collected, with no pattern of distribution of species between areas and plant tissues. All isolates were pathogenic in injured tissues of cashew plants. The best method to test the pathogenicity of Colletotrichum species was utilizing the combination of leaves + presence of wounds + conidial suspension, as it better represents the natural infection process. C. siamense was the most aggressive species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Gabriele Gurgel Amaral
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Gomes Duarte
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Anthony Carlos da Silva
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Lisa A Castlebury
- Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Marcos Paz Saraiva Câmara
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Duarte IG, Amaral AGG, Vieira WADS, Veloso JS, Silva ACD, Silva CDFBD, Balbino VDQ, Castlebury LA, Câmara MPS. Diversity of Colletotrichum species associated with torch ginger anthracnose. Mycologia 2023; 115:661-673. [PMID: 37494636 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2023.2227747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species is one of the most important diseases of torch ginger. The disease leads to loss of aesthetic and commercial value of torch ginger stems. This study aimed to characterize Colletotrichum species associated with torch ginger anthracnose in the production areas of Pernambuco and Ceará. A total of 48 Colletotrichum isolates were identified using molecular techniques. Pathogenicity tests were performed on torch ginger with representative isolates. Phylogenetic analyses based on seven loci-DNA lyase (APN2), intergenic spacer between DNA lyase and the mating-type locus MAT1-2-1 (APN2/MAT-IGS), calmodulin (CAL), intergenic spacer between glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and a hypothetical protein (GAP2-IGS), glutamine synthetase (GS), and β-tubulin (TUB2)-revealed that they belong to five known Colletotrichum species, namely, C. chrysophilum, C. fructicola, C. siamense, C. theobromicola, and C. tropicale, and three newly discovered species, described here as C. atlanticum, C. floscerae, and C. zingibericola. Of these, C. atlanticum was the most dominant. Pathogenicity assays showed that all isolates were pathogenic to torch ginger bracts. All species are reported for the first time associated with torch ginger in Brazil. The present study contributes to the current understanding of the diversity of Colletotrichum species associated with anthracnose on torch ginger and demonstrates the importance of accurate species identification for effective disease management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Gomes Duarte
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Josiene Silva Veloso
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Anthony Carlos da Silva
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lisa A Castlebury
- Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, 20705, USA
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Alhudaib K, Ismail AM, Magistà D. Multi-Locus Phylogenetic Analysis Revealed the Association of Six Colletotrichum Species with Anthracnose Disease of Coffee ( Coffea arabica L.) in Saudi Arabia. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:705. [PMID: 37504694 PMCID: PMC10381574 DOI: 10.3390/jof9070705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several Colletotrichum species are able to cause anthracnose disease in coffee (Coffea arabica L.) and occur in all coffee production areas worldwide. A planned investigation of coffee plantations was carried out in Southwest Saudi Arabia in October, November, and December 2022. Various patterns of symptoms were observed in all 23 surveyed coffee plantations due to unknown causal agents. Isolation from symptomatic fresh samples was performed on a PDA medium supplemented with streptomycin sulfate (300 mg L-1) and copper hydroxide (42.5 mg L-1). Twenty-seven pure isolates of Colletotrichum-like fungi were obtained using a spore suspension method. The taxonomic placements of Colletotrichum-like fungi were performed based on the sequence dataset of multi-loci of internal transcribed spacer region rDNA (ITS), chitin synthase I (CHS-1), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), actin (ACT), β-tubulin (TUB2), and partial mating type (Mat1-2) (ApMat) genes. The novel species are described in detail, including comprehensive morphological characteristics and colored illustrations. The pathogenicity of the isolated Colletotrichum species was assessed on detached coffee leaves as well as green and red fruit under laboratory conditions. The multi-locus phylogenetic analyses of the six-loci, ITS, ACT, CHS-1, TUB2, GAPDH and ApMat, revealed that 25 isolates were allocated within the C. gloeosporioides complex, while the remaining two isolates were assigned to the C. boninense complex. Six species were recognized, four of them, C. aeschynomenes, C. siamense, C. phyllanthi, and C. karstii, had been previously described. Based on molecular analyses and morphological examination comparisons, C. saudianum and C. coffeae-arabicae represent novel members within the C. gloeosporioides complex. Pathogenicity investigation confirmed that the Colletotrichum species could induce disease in coffee leaves as well as green and red fruits with variations. Based on the available literature and research, this is the first documentation for C. aeschynomenes, C. siamense, C. karstii, C. phyllanthi, C. saudianum, and C. coffeae-arabicae to cause anthracnose on coffee in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Alhudaib
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Pests and Plant Diseases Unit, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mahmoud Ismail
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Pests and Plant Diseases Unit, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Donato Magistà
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari A. Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (ISPA), National Research Council (CNR), 70126 Bari, Italy
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Rattanakreetakul C, Keawmanee P, Bincader S, Mongkolporn O, Phuntumart V, Chiba S, Pongpisutta R. Two Newly Identified Colletotrichum Species Associated with Mango Anthracnose in Central Thailand. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1130. [PMID: 36903990 PMCID: PMC10004820 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp. is one of the major problems in mango production worldwide, including Thailand. All mango cultivars are susceptible, but Nam Dok Mai See Thong (NDMST) is the most vulnerable. Through a single spore isolation method, a total of 37 isolates of Colletotrichum spp. were obtained from NDMST showing anthracnose symptoms. Identification was performed using a combination of morphology characteristics, Koch's postulates, and phylogenetic analysis. The pathogenicity assay and Koch's postulates on leaves and fruit confirmed that all Colletotrichum spp. tested were causal agents of mango anthracnose. Multilocus analysis using DNA sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, β-tubulin (TUB2), actin (ACT), and chitin synthase (CHS-1) was performed for molecular identification. Two concatenated phylogenetic trees were constructed using either two-loci of ITS and TUB2, or four-loci of ITS, TUB2, ACT, and CHS-1. Both phylogenetic trees were indistinguishable and showed that these 37 isolates belong to C. acutatum, C. asianum, C. gloeosporioides, and C. siamense. Our results indicated that using at least two loci of ITS and TUB2, were sufficient to infer Colletotrichum species complexes. Of 37 isolates, C. gloeosporioides was the most dominant species (19 isolates), followed by C. asianum (10 isolates), C. acutatum (5 isolates), and C. siamense (3 isolates). In Thailand, C. gloeosporioides and C. acutatum have been reported to cause anthracnose in mango, however, this is the first report of C. asianum and C. siamense associated with mango anthracnose in central Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chainarong Rattanakreetakul
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Pisut Keawmanee
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Santiti Bincader
- Program Plant Science, Agricultural Technology and Agro-Industry Faculty, Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya 13000, Thailand
| | - Orarat Mongkolporn
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Vipaporn Phuntumart
- Department of Biological Sciences, 129 Life Sciences Building, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
| | - Sotaro Chiba
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ratiya Pongpisutta
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
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Han S, Xu X, Jiang Y, Yuan H, Li S, Liu Y, Lin T, Qiao T, Yang C, Li S, Chen X, Dong J, Fang H, Zhu T. Colletotrichum fructicola Causal agent of Shot-Hole Symptoms on Leaves of Prunus sibirica in China. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:2530. [PMID: 36607332 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-22-0848-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Prunus sibirica L. (Siberian apricot) is a member of the Rosaceae family and an ecologically important tree species in China (Buer et al., 2022). Shot hole symptoms on the leaves were observed in five Siberian apricot groves in Chengdu (103.81 E, 30.97 N), Sichuan province in July 2020. The symptoms first appeared as small purplish-brown spots with yellow rings around them. As the disease progressed, the damaged area (diameter 1.5-3.0 cm) became necrotic and fell off. The disease incidence was about 60% and the disease index was 28.6 of leaves in the grove. in most severe cases. Fifteen symptomatic leaves were collected from 5 different trees in an orchard. Pathogen isolation was performed from symptomatic leaf tissue (5 × 5 mm) though surface disinfection (in 70% ethanol and 2% NaClO) and incubation on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) at 28℃ for 3 days. Overall 10 isolates with similar colony morphology were obtained from the 15 infected tissue pieces, and three representative isolates (XCK 2-4) were selected for further study. Colonies of the isolates on PDA were initially cottony, pale white to grayish-green with abundant aerial hyphae and produced conidial masses after 7 days. Conidiogenous cells were clavate and aggregated in acervuli. Conidia were smooth-walled, single-celled, straight, and slightly obtusely rounded at both ends, 12.8 to 18.7 × 4.3 to 5.7 μm in size (Fig. 1). The morphological characteristics of the three isolates were consistent with the description of species in the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides complex. DNA was amplified using the following primers pairs for the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA and partial sequences of beta-tubulin (TUB2), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), chitin synthase (CHS-1), and translation elongation factor (TEF-1), respectively: ITS1/ITS4, T1/Bt2b, GDF/GDR, CHS-F/CHS-R, and EF-F/EF-R (Vieira et al., 2014). Accession numbers (MW228049, MW284974, MW284976, MW284975 and MW284977, respectively) were obtained afterepositing all the resulting sequences in GenBank. Nucleotide blast showed 99 to 100% identities with Colletotrichum fructicola (GenBank accessions nos. MZ961683, MW284974, MN525881, MN525860, MF627961). Phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS-TUB-GAPDH genes using the Mrbayes inference method showed that the three isolates clustered with three reference isolates of C. fructicola as a distinct clade (Fig. 2). To verify Koch's postulates, ten 3-year-old healthy potted plants of P. sibirica were inoculated by spraying a conidial suspension (6 × 105 conidia/mL) of isolate XCK2 on both sides of leaves, and the control leaves were sprayed with sterile water. Then, all treatments were placed in a moist environment (25±2°C, 80% relative humidity, natural light). The inoculated plants showed typical symptoms of plants with natural infections, while the controls remained asymptomatic after 14 days. The pathogen C. fructicola was re-isolated from all inoculated plants, and the culture and fungus characteristics were the same as those of the original isolate. Colletotrichum fructicola was not isolated from the control plants. The results indicated that C. fructicola is the causal agent of the disease. Colletotrichum fructicola was reported as a leaf pathogen on Camellia chrysantha in China (Zhao et al., 2021). This is the first report of C. fructicola causing P. sibirica leaf shot-hole in the world. The identification of C. fructicola could provide relevant information for applying management strategies and research on the Siberian apricot disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Han
- Sichuan Agricultural University, College of Forestry, No. 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, United States, 611130
- No. 211 Huimin RoadChengdu, 611130;
| | - Xiu Xu
- Sichuan Agricultural University - Chengdu Campus, 506176, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, xuxiu0910;
| | - Yaorong Jiang
- Sichuan Agricultural University, College of Forestry, No.211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, ChengDu, Sichuan Province, China, 611130;
| | - Huan Yuan
- Sichuan Agricultural University - Chengdu Campus, 506176, College of Forestry, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
| | - Shujiang Li
- Sichuan Agricultural University, College of Forestry, No.211, Huimin Road,, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, Sichuan, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China, 611130;
| | - Yinggao Liu
- Sichuan Agricultural University, 12529, College of Forestry, Yaan, Sichuan, China;
| | - Tiantian Lin
- Sichuan Agricultural University, 12529, College of Forestry, Huimin road 211, Chengdu, China, 611130;
| | - Tianmin Qiao
- Sichuan Agricultural University, 12529, College of Forestry, Yaan, Sichuan, China;
| | - Chunlin Yang
- Sichuan Agricultural University - Chengdu Campus, 506176, College of Forestry, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
| | - Shuying Li
- Sichuan Agricultural University - Chengdu Campus, 506176, College of Forestry, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Sichuan Agricultural University - Chengdu Campus, 506176, College of Forestry, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
| | - Jiaxin Dong
- Sichuan Agricultural University - Chengdu Campus, 506176, College of Forestry, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
| | - Haonan Fang
- Sichuan Agricultural University - Chengdu Campus, 506176, College of Forestry, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
| | - Tianhui Zhu
- Sichuan Agricultural University - Chengdu Campus, 506176, College of Forestry, Chengdu, Sichuan, China;
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Peng C, Crous P, Jiang N, Fan X, Liang Y, Tian C. Diversity of Sporocadaceae (pestalotioid fungi) from Rosa in China. PERSOONIA 2022; 49:201-260. [PMID: 38234377 PMCID: PMC10792223 DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2022.49.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rosa (Rosaceae) is an important ornamental and medicinal plant genus worldwide, with several species being cultivated in China. Members of Sporocadaceae (pestalotioid fungi) are globally distributed and include endophytes, saprobes but also plant pathogens, infecting a broad range of host plants on which they can cause important plant diseases. Although several Sporocadaceae species were recorded to inhabit Rosa spp., the taxa occurring on Rosa remain largely unresolved. In this study, a total of 295 diseased samples were collected from branches, fruits, leaves and spines of eight Rosa species (R. chinensis, R. helenae, R. laevigata, R. multiflora, R. omeiensis, R. rugosa, R. spinosissima and R. xanthina) in Gansu, Henan, Hunan, Qinghai, Shaanxi Provinces and the Ningxia Autonomous Region of China. Subsequently 126 strains were obtained and identified based on comparisons of DNA sequence data. Based on these results 15 species residing in six genera of Sporocadaceae were delineated, including four known species (Pestalotiopsis chamaeropis, Pes. rhodomyrtus, Sporocadus sorbi and Spo. trimorphus) and 11 new species described here as Monochaetia rosarum, Neopestalotiopsis concentrica, N. subepidermalis, Pestalotiopsis tumida, Seimatosporium centrale, Seim. gracile, Seim. nonappendiculatum, Seim. parvum, Seiridium rosae, Sporocadus brevis, and Spo. spiniger. This study also represents the first report of Pes. chamaeropis, Pes. rhodomyrtus and Spo. sorbi on Rosa. The overall data revealed that Pestalotiopsis was the most prevalent genus, followed by Seimatosporium, while Pes. chamaeropis and Pes. rhodomyrtus were the two most prevalent species. Analysis of Sporocadaceae abundance on Rosa species and plant organs revealed that spines of R. chinensis had the highest species diversity. Citation: Peng C, Crous PW, Jiang N, et al. 2022. Diversity of Sporocadaceae (pestalotioid fungi) from Rosa in China. Persoonia 49: 201-260. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2022.49.07.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Peng
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - P.W. Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1,6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N. Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Protection of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Nature Conservation, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - X.L. Fan
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Y.M. Liang
- Museum of Beijing Forestry University, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - C.M. Tian
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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Tang GT, Li Y, Zhou Y, Zhu YH, Zheng XJ, Chang XL, Zhang SR, Gong GS. Diversity of Trichoderma species associated with soil in the Zoige alpine wetland of Southwest China. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21709. [PMID: 36522367 PMCID: PMC9755243 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25223-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ecology of soil fungi is poorly understood, and recent comprehensive reports on Trichoderma are unavailable for any region, including the Zoige alpine wetland ecological region in China. One hundred soil samples were collected from different soil types and soil layers in Zoige alpine wetland ecological regions. Using the traditional suspension plating method, 80 Trichoderma strains were chosen to analyze species diversity. After a preliminary classification of morphological characteristics and the genes glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd), 57 representative strains were selected and eventually identified as seven species via phylogenetic analyses of multilocus sequences based on the genes transcription elongation factor 1 alpha (tef1), encoding RNA polymerase II subunit B (rpb2) and ATP citrate lyase (acl1). Among them, T. harzianum was the dominant species isolated from five soil layers and four soil types, and had the highest isolation frequency (23%) in this zone, while T. polysporum and T. pyramidale were rare species, with isolation frequencies of less than 1%. Our detailed morphological observation and molecular phylogenetic analyses support the recognition of Trichoderma zoigense was described for the first time as a new species, while T. atrobrunneum as a new record for China was found. Our results will be used as a reference for a greater understanding of soil microbial resources, ecological rehabilitation and reconstructions in the Zoige alpine wetland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Ting Tang
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China ,grid.506923.b0000 0004 1808 3190Southeast Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuling, 408099 China
| | - Ying Li
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - You Zhou
- grid.453499.60000 0000 9835 1415Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101 China
| | - Yu-Hang Zhu
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Xiao-Juan Zheng
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Xiao-Li Chang
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Shi-Rong Zhang
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134College of Environment, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Guo-Shu Gong
- grid.80510.3c0000 0001 0185 3134College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
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Yang EF, Karunarathna SC, Dai DQ, Stephenson SL, Elgorban AM, Al-Rejaie S, Xiong YR, Promputtha I, Samarakoon MC, Tibpromma S. Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Fungi Associated with Mangifera indica from Yunnan, China. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:1249. [PMID: 36547582 PMCID: PMC9780836 DOI: 10.3390/jof8121249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During investigations of saprobic fungi associated with mango (Mangifera indica) in Baoshan and Honghe of Yunnan Province (China), fungal taxa belonging to the orders Botryosphaeriales, Calosphaeriales, Chaetothyriales, Diaporthales, and Xylariales were recorded. Morphological examinations coupled with phylogenetic analyses of multigene sequences (ITS, LSU, SSU, tef1-α, rpb1, rpb2, β-tubulin and CAL) were used to identify the fungal taxa. A new genus viz. Mangifericola, four new species viz. Cyphellophora hongheensis, Diaporthe hongheensis, Hypoxylon hongheensis, and Mangifericola hongheensis, four new host and geographical records viz. Aplosporella artocarpi, Hypomontagnella monticulosa, Paraeutypella citricola and Pleurostoma ootheca, and two new collections of Lasiodiplodia are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Fu Yang
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Master of Science Program in Applied Microbiology (International Program), Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Samantha C. Karunarathna
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
| | - Dong-Qin Dai
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
| | - Steven L. Stephenson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Abdallah M. Elgorban
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 12211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Al-Rejaie
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 12211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yin-Ru Xiong
- Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Itthayakorn Promputtha
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Environmental Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Milan C. Samarakoon
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Saowaluck Tibpromma
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China
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11
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Mukherjee D, Pramanik K, Mandal S, Mandal NC. Augmented growth of Cd-stressed rice seedlings with the application of phytostimulating, root-colonizing, Cd-tolerant, leaf-endophytic fungi Colletotrichum spp. isolated from Eupatorium triplinerve. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 438:129508. [PMID: 35999719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The potential of plant growth-promoting endophytic fungi (PGPEF) in mycoremediation has received notable attention in recent years. Unlike other root-colonizing microorganisms, PGPEF colonization under Cadmium (Cd) stress is a less-revealed phenomenon. Among eighteen fungal isolates from the leaves of Eupatorium triplinerve, twelve were found as the species of Colletotrichum and remaining six belong to Fusarium based on phenotypic characterization. However, only two PGPEF isolates (ALE15 and ALE18) were finally selected based on possession of ACCD activity (~0.84 and 0.47 nM/µg protein/h, respectively) and higher Cd tolerance (1000 and 750 µg/mL, respectively). Moreover, the said isolates showed IAA production (~248 and 289 µg/mL), GA production (~86 and 88 AUs), phosphate solubilization (~165 and 256 µg/mL, respectively) under Cd stress. ALE18 strain was found to produce siderophore too. Molecular identification through sequencing of ITS region of both isolates confirmed their identity as species of Colletotrichum. Furthermore, FESEM-EDAX and AAS analyses supported their Cd bioaccumulation ability in mycelial cells that directly impacted to assist rice seedlings' (IR-36 cultivar) growth under Cd stress. Successful root colonization was also observed through FESEM and fluorescence microscopic studies. Finally, the detached leaf experiment with six economically important crops assured their applicability on field-scale as non-pathogenic PGPEF candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debosmita Mukherjee
- Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India.
| | - Krishnendu Pramanik
- Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India.
| | - Subhrangshu Mandal
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, United States.
| | - Narayan Chandra Mandal
- Mycology and Plant Pathology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, West Bengal, India.
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Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Migheli Q, Vloutoglou I, Czwienczek E, Maiorano A, Streissl F, Reignault PL. Pest categorisation of Colletotrichum aenigma, C. alienum, C. perseae, C. siamense and C. theobromicola. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07529. [PMID: 36034322 PMCID: PMC9405523 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest categorisation of Colletotrichum aenigma, C. alienum, C. perseae, C. siamense and C. theobromicola, five clearly defined fungi of the C. gloeosporioides complex causing anthracnose. The pathogens are widely distributed in at least three continents. C. aenigma and C. siamense are reported from Italy and C. alienum from Portugal, including the Madeira Islands, with a restricted distribution. C. perseae and C. theobromicola are not known to be present in the EU. However, there is uncertainty on the status of the pathogens worldwide and in the EU because of the taxonomic re-evaluation of the genus Colletotrichum and the lack of specific surveys. The pathogens are not included in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072 and there are no reports of interceptions in the EU. With the exception of C. perseae, which has a very limited number of hosts, the other four Colletotrichum species have relatively wide host ranges. Therefore, this pest categorisation focused on those hosts for which there is robust evidence that the pathogens were formally identified by a combination of morphology, pathogenicity and multilocus sequence analysis. Host plants for planting and fresh fruits are the main entry pathways into the EU. Host availability and climate suitability factors occurring in some parts of the EU are favourable for the establishment of the pathogens. No yield losses have been reported so far in the EU but in non-EU areas of their current distribution, the pathogens have a direct impact on cultivated hosts that are also relevant for the EU. Phytosanitary measures are available to prevent the further introduction and spread of C. aenigma, C. alienum and C. siamense into the EU as well as the introduction and spread of C. perseae and C. theobromicola. C. aenigma, C. alienum, C. perseae, C. siamense and C. theobromicola satisfy the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for these species to be regarded as potential Union quarantine pests.
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Guo Z, Luo CX, Wu HJ, Peng B, Kang BS, Liu LM, Zhang M, Gu QS. Colletotrichum Species Associated with Anthracnose Disease of Watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus) in China. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:790. [PMID: 36012779 PMCID: PMC9410023 DOI: 10.3390/jof8080790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum species are important plant pathogens, causing anthracnose in virtually every crop grown throughout the world. However, little is known about the species that infect watermelon. A total of 526 strains were isolated from diseased watermelon samples of eight major watermelon growing provinces in China. Phylogenetic analyses using seven loci (ITS, gadph, chs-1, his3, act, tub2, and gs) coupled with morphology of 146 representative isolates showed that they belonged to 12 known species of Colletotrichum, including C. aenigma, C. chlorophyti, C. fructicola, C. jiangxiense, C. karstii, C. magnum, C. nymphaeae, C. nigrum, C. orbiculare, C. plurivorum, C. sojae, and C. truncatum and three new species, here described as C. citrulli, C. kaifengense, and C. qilinense. Colletotrichum orbiculare was the dominant species. Pathogenicity tests revealed that all isolates of the species described above were pathogenic, with C. magnum and C. kaifengense being the most aggressive to leaves and fruits, respectively. This is the first report of C. aenigma, C. chlorophyti, C. fructicola, C. jiangxiense, C. nymphaeae, C. nigrum, C. plurivorum, and C. sojae on watermelon. These findings shed light on the Colletotrichum spp. involved in watermelon anthracnose and provide useful information for implementing effective control of watermelon anthracnose in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (Z.G.); (H.-J.W.); (B.P.); (B.-S.K.); (L.-M.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Chao-Xi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Hui-Jie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (Z.G.); (H.-J.W.); (B.P.); (B.-S.K.); (L.-M.L.)
| | - Bin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (Z.G.); (H.-J.W.); (B.P.); (B.-S.K.); (L.-M.L.)
| | - Bao-Shan Kang
- Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (Z.G.); (H.-J.W.); (B.P.); (B.-S.K.); (L.-M.L.)
| | - Li-Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (Z.G.); (H.-J.W.); (B.P.); (B.-S.K.); (L.-M.L.)
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
| | - Qin-Sheng Gu
- Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China; (Z.G.); (H.-J.W.); (B.P.); (B.-S.K.); (L.-M.L.)
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14
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de Oliveira Amaral A, E Ferreira AFTAF, da Silva Bentes JL. Fungal endophytic community associated with Hevea spp.: diversity, enzymatic activity, and biocontrol potential. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:857-872. [PMID: 35247168 PMCID: PMC9151944 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00709-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants of the genus Hevea present a great diversity of endophytic fungal species, which can provide bioactive compounds and enzymes for biotechnological use, and antagonist agents for plant disease biological control. The diversity of endophytic fungi associated with leaves of Hevea spp. clones in western Amazonia was explored using cultivation-based techniques, combined with the sequencing of the ITS rRNA-region. A total of 269 isolates were obtained, and phylogenetic analysis showed that they belong to 47 putative species, of which 24 species were unambiguous. The phylum Ascomycota was the most abundant (95.4%), with predominance of the genera Colletotrichum and Diaporthe, followed by the phylum Basidiomycota (4.6%), with abundance of the genera Trametes and Phanerochaete. Endophytic composition was influenced by the clones, with few species shared among them, and the greatest diversity was found in clone C44 (richness: 26, Shannon: 14,15, Simpson: 9.11). The potential for biocontrol and enzymatic production of endophytes has been investigated. In dual culture tests, 95% of the isolates showed inhibitory activity against C. gloeosporioides, and 84% against C. cassiicola. Efficient inhibition was obtained with isolates HEV158C and HEV255M (Cophinforma atrovirens and Polyporales sp. 2) for C. gloeosporioides, and HEV1A and HEV8B (Phanerochaete sp. 3 and Diaporthe sp. 4) for C. cassiicola. The endophytic isolates were positive for lipase (69.6%), amylase (67.6%), cellulase (33.3%), and protease (20.6%). The enzyme index ≥ 2 was found for amylase and lipase. The isolates obtained from rubber trees showed good antimicrobial and enzymatic potential, which can be tested in the future for use in the industry, and in the control of plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriene de Oliveira Amaral
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Florestais e Ambientais, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Jânia Lília da Silva Bentes
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Florestais e Ambientais, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia Tropical, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
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Colletotrichum litangense sp. nov., Isolated as an Endophyte of Hippuris vulgaris, an Aquatic Plant in Sichuan, China. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:161. [PMID: 35416528 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02846-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
An unknown endophytic fungus was isolated from the aquatic plant Hippuris vulgaris in Litang county, Sichuan province, China. Phylogenetic analyses inferred from combined ITS, Sod2, Apn2, and TUB2 sequences revealed that the endophyte is a new species belonging to the Colletotrichum graminicola species complex. Morphological characteristics showed that Colletotrichum litangense is characterized by its falcate, lunate to sublunate conidia, and ellipsoidal, ovoid, or lobed appressoria. Pathogenicity tests on several fruits showed that C. litangense could induce anthracnose lesions. As a result of the phylogenetic, morphological, and pathogenicity analyses, we proposed the name Colletotrichum litangense for the new species.
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Fan R, Xie D, Nie M, Long Y, Zhao Z. Identification and first report of Colletotrichum fructicola causing fruit rot on Zizyphus mauritiana in China. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:2751. [PMID: 35316083 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-21-2707-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Because of its high economic value and potential for adaptation to subtropical climates, Indian jujube (Zizyphus mauritiana Lam.) is one of the most important fruit crops introduced into south of Guizhou Province, China. In December 2020, approximately 10 to 15% of the harvested jujube (Z. mauritiana Lam. Wuqian) showed fruit rot symptoms after storage at 4°C for 10-15 days in Luodian county (25°34'N, 106°82'E). Symptoms of brown, circular, watery lesions were observed on the jujube fruits. Small pieces (c.a. 5 mm) at the margins of rot tissue were incubated on PDA plates at 25°C in darkness after surface sterilization in 1.5% NaClO for 45 s followed with triple washes using sterile distilled water. Two monoconidial isolates were obtained after incubation and identical colony morphologies were observed with olive grey, cottony aerial mycelium which became darker after 10 days growth. The colony reverse began white but turned brown with age. Conidia, produced in orange masses, were mainly cylindrical with the size of 9.2-16.8 µm (average 13.7 µm) × 3.8-6.2 µm (average 4.6 µm) (n = 50), typical of Colletotrichum spp. (Vieira et al. 2014). For further identification, DNA of these two isolates were extracted and were used for multi-locus genotyping. Five loci, including the ITS region, partial sequences of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), actin (ACT), β-tubulin (BTU) and chitin synthase (CHS) genes, were amplified and sequenced with primers of ITS1/ITS4, GDF1/GDR1, ACT512F/ ACT783R, Bt2a/Bt2b and CHS79F/CHS354R, respectively. No differences was found between the isolates at any of the loci and one sequence for each locus was deposited in the Genebank database under accessions OL376803, OL404925, OL404926, OL404927 and OL404928, respectively. Blastn results indicated that the ITS, GAPDH, ACT, BTU and CHS sequences of the jujube isolates shared 100%, 98.56%, 96.62%, 99.48% and 99.33% similarity with those of ex-type strain ICMP 18581 of C. fructicola (GenBank Accession Nos. JX010165, JX010033, JX009501, JX010405 and JX009866). Phylogenetic analysis including published ITS, GAPDH, ACT, BTU and CHS data for C. fructicola and other Colletotrichum species was performed using MEGA 6.0. Based on morphological and molecular data, the jujube isolates were identified as C. fructicola. Pathogenicity was determined for both isolates on jujube fruits cultivar "Wuqian". Fruit surface was sterilized with 75% ethanol, air dried, and wounded with a needle by piercing into 2 mm depth. Ten microliters of a spore suspension (1 × 106 spores/ml) or sterilized water were applied to one of two wounds on the same fruit. There were six replicate inoculations for each isolate and the whole experiment was repeated twice. Treated fruit were maintained in a growth chamber with 80% relative humidity at 25°C. Symptoms of fruit rots, identical the original observations, developed around the infection sites at 3 days post inoculation. These began as light brown, circular lesions, which got darker with orange spore masses after 7 days and both isolates caused identical symptoms. However, the wounds inoculated with water remained asymptomatic. C. fructicola was successfully reisolated from the infected areas to fulfill Koch's postulates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of jujube fruit rot caused by C. fructicola in China, which may become an emerging problem considering the area expansion of Z. mauritiana cultivation and transportation of its fruit. Funding: Funding was provided by Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province (Guizhou Science Base [2020]1Y104), Talent Development Program of Guizhou Province (Qian Jiaohe KY [2021]080), Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Guizhou University (Guo Chuangzi [2020]017). Reference: (1) Vieira, W., et al. 2014. Fungal Divers. 67(1): 181-202.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Fan
- Guizhou University, 71206, Plant protection, Guiyang, Guizhou, China;
| | - Donghai Xie
- Guizhou University, 71206, Plant protection, Guiyang, Guizhou, China;
| | - Mei Nie
- Guizhou University, 71206, Guiyang, Guizhou, China;
| | | | - Zhibo Zhao
- Guizhou University, 71206, College of Agriculture, The west campus of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Andorra, 550025;
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17
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Colletotrichum species associated with sugarcane red rot in Brazil. Fungal Biol 2022; 126:290-299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Mango Peel Pectin: Recovery, Functionality and Sustainable Uses. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13223898. [PMID: 34833196 PMCID: PMC8618765 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Concerns regarding the overconsumption of natural resources has provoked the recovery of biopolymers from food processing biomass. Furthermore, the current market opportunity for pectin in other areas has increased, necessitating the search for alternative pectin resources. This is also a step towards the sustainable and circular green economy. Mango peel is the byproduct of agro-processing and has been used for high value-added components such as polysaccharide biopolymers. Pectin derived from the peel is yet to be exploited to its greatest extent, particularly in terms of its separation and physiochemical properties, which limit its applicability to dietary fiber in culinary applications. The functionality of the mango peel pectin (MPP) strongly depends on the molecular size and degree of esterification which highlight the importance of isolation and characterisation of pectin from this novel resource. This article therefore provides a useful overview of mango peel as a potential biomaterial for the recovery of MPP. Different extraction techniques and the integrated recovery were also discussed. The utilisation of MPP in different industrial schemes are also detailed out from different perspectives such as the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. This review convincingly expresses the significance of MPP, providing a sustainable opportunity for food and pharmaceutical development.
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19
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Bragard C, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Civera AV, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Migheli Q, Vloutoglou I, Campese C, Maiorano A, Streissl F, Reignault PL. Pest categorisation of Colletotrichum plurivorum. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06886. [PMID: 34795796 PMCID: PMC8579720 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest categorisation of Colletotrichum plurivorum Damm, Alizadeh & Toy. Sato, a well-defined fungus of the C. orchidearum species complex which has been reported from Africa, Asia and America to cause anthracnose and pre- and post-harvest fruit rots on more than 30 plant genera. The pathogen has not been reported from the EU territory and is not included in EU Commission Implementing Regulation 2019/2072. Because of the very wide host range, this pest categorisation focused on Abelmoschus esculentus, Capsicum spp., Carica papaya, Glycine max, Manihot esculenta, Phaseolus lunatus, Pyrus bretschneideri and Vitis spp. for which there was robust evidence that C. plurivorum was formally identified by morphology and multilocus gene sequencing analysis. Host plants for planting and fresh fruits are the main pathways for the entry of the pathogen into the EU. The host availability and climate suitability factors occurring in some parts of the EU are favourable for the establishment of the pathogen. Economic impact on the production of the main hosts is expected if establishment occurs. Phytosanitary measures are available to prevent the introduction of the pathogen into the EU. Colletotrichum plurivorum satisfies the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for this species to be regarded as a potential Union quarantine pest. However, there is a high uncertainty on the status of C. plurivorum in the EU territory because of the lack of specific surveys following the re-evaluation of the taxonomy of the genus Colletotrichum.
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Zhang L, Li X, Zhou Y, Tan G, Zhang L. Identification and Characterization of Colletotrichum Species Associated With Camellia sinensis Anthracnose in Anhui Province, China. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:2649-2657. [PMID: 33342234 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-20-2335-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in Colletotrichum taxonomy have led to the need to conduct fresh surveys of Colletotrichum species associated with important crops. Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp. is one of the destructive diseases on Camellia sinensis. In this study, a total of 22 representative Colletotrichum isolates were obtained from diseased leaves of Ca. sinensis cultivated in four tea plantation regions in Anhui Province of China. The isolates were identified based on multilocus (ITS, ACT, CAL, CHS-1, TUB2, GAPDH) phylogenetic analyses, and their morphological characteristics were also analyzed. Twenty-one isolates belonging to C. gloeosporioides complex were identified as C. camelliae, C. fructicola, and C. siamense. One isolate belonging to C. boninense complex was identified as C. karstii. Pathogenicity tests revealed that the isolates of C. camelliae and C. fructicola were highly virulent when inoculated on the leaves of detached twigs of Ca. sinensis cv. Shuchazao. Furthermore, it was found that the interspecies virulence was less distinct and individual isolates showed varied virulence when inoculated on different varieties of Ca. sinensis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. fructicola, C. siamense, and C. karstii causing anthracnose on Ca. sinensis in Anhui Province, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xianghan Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Genjia Tan
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
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Fruit Characteristics, Peel Nutritional Compositions, and Their Relationships with Mango Peel Pectin Quality. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061148. [PMID: 34200110 PMCID: PMC8226707 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mango peel, a byproduct from the mango processing industry, is a potential source of food-grade mango peel pectin (MPP). Nonetheless, the influence of fruit physical characteristics and phytochemicals of peels on their correspondent pectin level has never been examined, particularly when high-quality food additives are of commercial need. Subsequently, the ultimate aim of the present study was to comprehend their relationship using chemometric data analyses as part of raw material sourcing criteria. Principal component analysis (PCA) advised that mangoes of 'mahachanok' and 'nam dok mai' could be distinguished from 'chok anan' and 'kaew' on the basis of physiology, peel morphology, and phytochemical characteristics. Only pectin extracted from mango var. 'chok anan' was classified as low-methoxyl type (Mox value ~4%). Using the partial least-squares (PLS) regression, the multivariate correlation between the fruit and peel properties and the degree of esterification (DE) value was reported at R2 > 0.9 and Q2 > 0.8. The coefficient factors illustrated that yields of byproducts such as seed and total biomass negatively influenced DE values, while they were positively correlated with crude fiber and xylose contents of the peels. Overall, it is interesting to highlight that, regardless of the differences in fruit varieties, the amount of biomass and peel proximate properties can be proficiently applied to establish classification of desirable properties of the industrial MPP.
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Oh SY, Park KH, Baldrian P, Fong JJ, Kwon HJ, Kim SY, Lim YW. Fungal diversity living in the root and sporophore of the endemic Korean fern Mankyua chejuense. FUNGAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2020.101038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Wongkaew M, Tinpovong B, Sringarm K, Leksawasdi N, Jantanasakulwong K, Rachtanapun P, Hanmoungjai P, Sommano SR. Crude Pectic Oligosaccharide Recovery from Thai Chok Anan Mango Peel Using Pectinolytic Enzyme Hydrolysis. Foods 2021; 10:627. [PMID: 33809517 PMCID: PMC7999440 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectin recovered from mango peel biomass can be used as a potential source for pectic oligosaccharide hydrolysate with excellent probiotic growth-enhancing performance and prebiotic potentials. Consequently, the objectives of the current study were to optimise the enzyme hydrolysis treatment of mango peel pectin (MPP) and to evaluate the pectic oligosaccharide effects of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 and Bifidobacterium animalis TISTR 2195. Mango of "chok anan" variety was chosen due to its excessive volume of biomass in processing and high pectin content. The optimal treatment for mango peel pectic oligosaccharide (MPOS) valorisation was 24 h of fermentation with 0.3% (v/v) pectinase. This condition provided small oligosaccharides with the molecular weight of 643 Da that demonstrated the highest score of prebiotic activity for both of B. animalis TISTR 2195 (7.76) and L. reuteri DSM 17938 (6.87). The major sugar compositions of the oligosaccharide were fructose (24.41% (w/w)) and glucose (19.52% (w/w)). For the simulation of prebiotic fermentation, B. animalis TISTR 2195 showed higher proliferation in 4% (w/v) of MPOS supplemented (8.92 log CFU/mL) than that of L. reuteri (8.53 CFU/mL) at 72 h of the fermentation time. The main short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) derived from MPOS were acetic acid and propionic acid. The highest value of total SCFA was achieved from the 4% (w/v) MPOS supplementation for both of B. animalis (68.57 mM) and L. reuteri (69.15 mM). The result of this study therefore conclusively advises that MPOS is a novel pectic oligosaccharide resource providing the opportunity for the sustainable development approach through utilising by-products from the fruit industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malaiporn Wongkaew
- Interdisciplinary Program in Biotechnology, Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Program of Food Production and Innovation, Faculty of Integrated Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Chiang Mai 50300, Thailand;
- Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Bow Tinpovong
- Program of Food Production and Innovation, Faculty of Integrated Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Chiang Mai 50300, Thailand;
| | - Korawan Sringarm
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.L.); (K.J.); (P.R.)
| | - Noppol Leksawasdi
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.L.); (K.J.); (P.R.)
- School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Kittisak Jantanasakulwong
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.L.); (K.J.); (P.R.)
- School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Pornchai Rachtanapun
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.L.); (K.J.); (P.R.)
- School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Prasert Hanmoungjai
- School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Sarana Rose Sommano
- Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Cluster of Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.L.); (K.J.); (P.R.)
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Fungal Endophytes from Orchidaceae: Diversity and Applications. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68260-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Dowling M, Peres N, Villani S, Schnabel G. Managing Colletotrichum on Fruit Crops: A "Complex" Challenge. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:2301-2316. [PMID: 32689886 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-19-2378-fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The fungal genus Colletotrichum includes numerous important plant pathogenic species and species complexes that infect a wide variety of hosts. Its taxonomy is particularly complex because species' phenotypes and genotypes are difficult to differentiate. Two notable complexes, C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides, are known for infecting temperate fruit crops worldwide. Even species within these complexes vary in traits such as tissue specificity, aggressiveness, geographic distribution, and fungicide sensitivity. With few effective chemicals available to control these pathogens, and the persistent threat of fungicide resistance, there is a need for greater understanding of this destructive genus and the methods that can be used for disease management. This review summarizes current research on diseases caused by Colletotrichum spp. on major fruit crops in the United States, focusing on the taxonomy of species involved, disease management strategies, and future management outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Dowling
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
| | - Natalia Peres
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Wimauma, FL 33598
| | - Sara Villani
- Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Guido Schnabel
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
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Peralta-Ruiz Y, Grande Tovar C, Sinning-Mangonez A, Bermont D, Pérez Cordero A, Paparella A, Chaves-López C. Colletotrichum gloesporioides inhibition using chitosan-Ruta graveolens L essential oil coatings: Studies in vitro and in situ on Carica papaya fruit. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 326:108649. [PMID: 32402917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study we assessed the efficacy of chitosan (CHI) (2%) emulsion added with Ruta graveolens L. essential oil (REO) at different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%) to control C. gloesporioides grows both "in situ" and "in vitro" in papaya Maradol (Carica papaya L.). In vitro studies showed a decrease on fungal growth (mycelia diameter) with the increase of REO concentration, while 0.5% of REO induce a reduction of 56.42%, REO at 1.0% and 1.5% induced a reduction of 97%. Microscopic analysis showed irreversible deleterious morphological and ultrastructural alterations as well as changes in conidia morphology, and conidia germination inhibition up to 90%. Among the most abundant REO constituents, 2-Nonanol showed strong antifungal activity followed by 2-Undecanone, Benzyl acetate, 2-Nonanone, 2-Tridecanone and 2-Dodecanone. Studies "in situ" on papaya fruit during 12 days at 20 °C, showed a reduction of the C. gloesporioides lesion expansion by 50% using CHI-REO 0.5% emulsions and by 100% with treatments of CHI-REO 1.0 and 1.5%, in addition the emulsions were efficacious to reduce the fruit surface microbiota. On the other hand, physicochemical analysis of the papaya fruits demonstrated that CHI-REO emulsions treatment delayed papaya ripening without affecting the organoleptic characteristics. All these results demonstrated for the first time the application of coatings CHI-REO as a postharvest treatment for the control of anthracnose on papaya fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeimmy Peralta-Ruiz
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Programa de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad del Atlántico, Carrera 30 Número 8-49, Puerto Colombia, Colombia; Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Carlos Grande Tovar
- Grupo de Investigación de fotoquímica y fotobiología, Universidad del Atlántico, Carrera 30 Número 8-49, Puerto Colombia 081008, Colombia
| | - Angie Sinning-Mangonez
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Programa de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad del Atlántico, Carrera 30 Número 8-49, Puerto Colombia, Colombia
| | - Daniel Bermont
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Programa de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad del Atlántico, Carrera 30 Número 8-49, Puerto Colombia, Colombia
| | - Alexander Pérez Cordero
- Grupo de Investigación en Bioprospección Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sucre, carrera 28 # 5-267, 700008 Puerta Roja - Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia
| | - Antonello Paparella
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Clemencia Chaves-López
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
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Cultivar Resistance against Colletotrichum asianum in the World Collection of Mango Germplasm in Southeastern Brazil. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9020182. [PMID: 32024312 PMCID: PMC7076395 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During the spring of 2014, a wide survey was conducted in one of the most important mango (Mangifera indica) cultivating areas located in Minas Gerais State (Brazil) to ascertain the causal agent of severe anthracnose infections and to evaluate disease susceptibility within a world collection of mango germplasm. Overall, 86 cultivars were monitored and 152 fungal isolates recovered from infected samples were identified by morphological characterization, DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. All isolates were identified as Colletotrichum asianum. Under natural disease pressure, it has been possible to ascertain a variable tolerance degree within the germplasm collection. By applying a categorized classification, cultivars were classified as follows: 10 highly sensitive (11.6%), 13 sensitive (15.1%), 18 moderately sensitive (20.9%), 23 moderately tolerant (26.7%), 11 tolerant (12.8%), and 11 highly tolerant (10.4%). The most susceptible cultivars to anthracnose were Ubà, Quinzenga, Amarelinha da Sementeira followed by Aroeira and Correjo, whereas Mallika followed by Ourinho and Lita resulted in the least susceptible cultivars. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first large-scale evaluation of mango susceptibility to C. asianum infections within a wide number of cultivars. Anthracnose is a serious threat to mango production and assessment of cultivar response to disease could be useful in breeding programs.
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Tovar-Pedraza JM, Mora-Aguilera JA, Nava-Díaz C, Lima NB, Michereff SJ, Sandoval-Islas JS, Câmara MPS, Téliz-Ortiz D, Leyva-Mir SG. Distribution and Pathogenicity of Colletotrichum Species Associated With Mango Anthracnose in Mexico. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:137-146. [PMID: 31730415 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-19-0178-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mango anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum spp., is the most significant disease of mango (Mangifera indica L.) in almost all production areas around the world. In Mexico, mango anthracnose has only been attributed to C. asianum and C. gloeosporioides. The aims of this study were to identify the Colletotrichum species associated with mango anthracnose symptoms in Mexico by phylogenetic inference using the ApMat marker, to determine the distribution of these species, and to test their pathogenicity and virulence on mango fruits. Surveys were carried out from 2010 to 2012 in 59 commercial orchards in the major mango growing states of Mexico, and a total of 118 isolates were obtained from leaves, twigs, and fruits with typical anthracnose symptoms. All isolates were tentatively identified in the C. gloeosporioides species complex based on morphological and cultural characteristics. The Bayesian inference phylogenetic tree generated with Apn2/MAT intergenic spacer sequences of 59 isolates (one per orchard) revealed that C. alienum, C. asianum, C. fructicola, C. siamense, and C. tropicale were associated with symptoms of mango anthracnose. In this study, C. alienum, C. fructicola, C. siamense, and C. tropicale are reported for the first time in association with mango tissues in Mexico. This study represents the first report of C. alienum causing mango anthracnose worldwide. The distribution of Colletotrichum species varied among the mango growing states from Mexico. Chiapas was the only state in which all five species were found. Pathogenicity tests on mango fruit cultivar Manila showed that all Colletotrichum species from this study could induce anthracnose lesions. However, differences in virulence were evident among species. C. siamense and C. asianum were the most virulent, whereas C. alienum and C. fructicola were considered the least virulent species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Tovar-Pedraza
- Laboratorio de Fitopatología, Coordinación Culiacán, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Culiacán, 80110 Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - J A Mora-Aguilera
- Fitopatología, Campus Montecillo, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, 56230 Estado de México, Mexico
| | - C Nava-Díaz
- Fitopatología, Campus Montecillo, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, 56230 Estado de México, Mexico
| | - N B Lima
- CONICET-Instituto de Patología Vegetal, CIAP-INTA, X5020ICA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - S J Michereff
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias e da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal do Cariri, Crato, 63130-025 Ceará, Brazil
| | - J S Sandoval-Islas
- Fitopatología, Campus Montecillo, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, 56230 Estado de México, Mexico
| | - M P S Câmara
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900 Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - D Téliz-Ortiz
- Fitopatología, Campus Montecillo, Colegio de Postgraduados, Texcoco, 56230 Estado de México, Mexico
| | - S G Leyva-Mir
- Departamento de Parasitología Agrícola, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Texcoco, 56230 Estado de México, Mexico
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Colletotrichum species associated with mango in southern China. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18891. [PMID: 31827115 PMCID: PMC6906457 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54809-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is an economically significant fruit crop in provinces of southern China including Hainan, Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangdong and Fujian. The objective of this study was to examine the diversity of Colletotrichum species infecting mango cultivars in major growing areas in China, using morphological and molecular techniques together with pathogenicity tests on detached leaves and fruits. Over 200 Colletotrichum isolates were obtained across all mango orchards investigated, and 128 of them were selected for sequencing and analyses of actin (ACT), chitin synthase (CHS-1), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, β-tubulin (TUB2) genomic regions. Our results showed that the most common fungal isolates associated with mango in southern China involved 13 species: Colletotrichum asianum, C. cliviicola, C. cordylinicola, C. endophytica, C. fructicola, C. gigasporum, C. gloeosporioides, C. karstii, C. liaoningense, C. musae, C. scovillei, C. siamense and C. tropicale. The dominant species were C. asianum and C. siamense each accounting for 30%, and C. fructicola for 25%. Only C. asianum, C. fructicola, C. scovillei and C. siamense have previously been reported on mango, while the other nine Colletotrichum species listed above were first reports associated with mango in China. From this study, five Colletotrichum species, namely C. cordylinicola, C. endophytica, C. gigasporum, C. liaoningense and C. musae were the first report on mango worldwide. Pathogenicity tests revealed that all 13 species caused symptoms on artificially wounded mango fruit and leaves (cv. Tainong). There was no obvious relationship between aggressiveness and the geographic origin of the isolates. These findings will help in mango disease management and future disease resistance breeding.
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Optimal markers for the identification of Colletotrichum species. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 143:106694. [PMID: 31786239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Colletotrichum is among the most important genera of fungal plant pathogens. Molecular phylogenetic studies over the last decade have resulted in a much better understanding of the evolutionary relationships and species boundaries within the genus. There are now approximately 200 species accepted, most of which are distributed among 13 species complexes. Given their prominence on agricultural crops around the world, rapid identification of a large collection of Colletotrichum isolates is routinely needed by plant pathologists, regulatory officials, and fungal biologists. However, there is no agreement on the best molecular markers to discriminate species in each species complex. Here we calculate the barcode gap distance and intra/inter-specific distance overlap to evaluate each of the most commonly applied molecular markers for their utility as a barcode for species identification. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), histone-3 (HIS3), DNA lyase (APN2), intergenic spacer between DNA lyase and the mating-type locus MAT1-2-1 (APN2/MAT-IGS), and intergenic spacer between GAPDH and a hypothetical protein (GAP2-IGS) have the properties of good barcodes, whereas sequences of actin (ACT), chitin synthase (CHS-1) and nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacers (nrITS) are not able to distinguish most species. Finally, we assessed the utility of these markers for phylogenetic studies using phylogenetic informativeness profiling, the genealogical sorting index (GSI), and Bayesian concordance analyses (BCA). Although GAPDH, HIS3 and β-tubulin (TUB2) were frequently among the best markers, there was not a single set of markers that were best for all species complexes. Eliminating markers with low phylogenetic signal tends to decrease uncertainty in the topology, regardless of species complex, and leads to a larger proportion of markers that support each lineage in the Bayesian concordance analyses. Finally, we reconstruct the phylogeny of each species complex using a minimal set of phylogenetic markers with the strongest phylogenetic signal and find the majority of species are strongly supported as monophyletic.
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Meng Y, Gleason ML, Zhang R, Sun G. Genome Sequence Resource of the Wide-Host-Range Anthracnose Pathogen Colletotrichum siamense. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:931-934. [PMID: 30893002 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-01-19-0010-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Colletotrichum siamense causes fruit or foliar disease called anthracnose on a variety of plant hosts such as vegetables, fruits, ornamental plants, and others, including chili pepper, apple, American cranberry, mango, orange, papaya, guava, rubber plant, jasmine, coffee berry, and tea plants. Here, we report the first Illumina-sequenced draft genome assembly of C. siamense strain ICMP 18578 and its annotation. This genome sequence provides a unique resource that will be useful for future research on the evolution of Colletotrichum spp. and improvement of anthracnose management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Meng
- 1State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Mark L Gleason
- 2Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - Rong Zhang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Guangyu Sun
- 1State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
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de Silva DD, Groenewald JZ, Crous PW, Ades PK, Nasruddin A, Mongkolporn O, Taylor PWJ. Identification, prevalence and pathogenicity of Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose of Capsicum annuum in Asia. IMA Fungus 2019; 10:8. [PMID: 32355609 PMCID: PMC7184891 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-019-0001-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthracnose of chili (Capsicum spp.) causes major production losses throughout Asia where chili plants are grown. A total of 260 Colletotrichum isolates, associated with necrotic lesions of chili leaves and fruit were collected from chili producing areas of Indonesia, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Taiwan. Colletotrichum truncatum was the most commonly isolated species from infected chili fruit and was readily identified by its falcate spores and abundant setae in the necrotic lesions. The other isolates consisted of straight conidia (cylindrical and fusiform) which were difficult to differentiate to species based on morphological characters. Taxonomic analysis of these straight conidia isolates based on multi-gene phylogenetic analyses (ITS, gapdh, chs-1, act, tub2, his3, ApMat, gs) revealed a further seven known Colletotrichum species, C. endophyticum, C. fructicola, C. karsti, C. plurivorum, C. scovillei, C. siamense and C. tropicale. In addition, three novel species are also described as C. javanense, C. makassarense and C. tainanense, associated with anthracnose of chili fruit in West Java (Indonesia); Makassar, South Sulawesi (Indonesia); and Tainan (Taiwan), respectively. Colletotrichum siamense is reported for the first time causing anthracnose of Capsicum annuum in Indonesia and Sri Lanka. This is also the first report of C. fructicola causing anthracnose of chili in Taiwan and Thailand and C. plurivorum in Malaysia and Thailand. Of the species with straight conidia, C. scovillei (acutatum complex), was the most prevalent throughout the surveyed countries, except for Sri Lanka from where this species was not isolated. Colletotrichum siamense (gloeosporioides complex) was also common in Indonesia, Sri Lanka and Thailand. Pathogenicity tests on chili fruit showed that C. javanense and C. scovillei were highly aggressive, especially when inoculated on non-wounded fruit, compared to all other species. The existence of new, highly aggressive exotic species, such as C. javanense, poses a biosecurity risk to production in countries which do not have adequate quarantine regulations to restrict the entry of exotic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilani D de Silva
- 1Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Johannes Z Groenewald
- 2Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pedro W Crous
- 2Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter K Ades
- 3Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Andi Nasruddin
- 4Department of Plant Pest & Disease, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Orarat Mongkolporn
- 5Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Paul W J Taylor
- 1Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
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Damm U, Sato T, Alizadeh A, Groenewald J, Crous P. The Colletotrichum dracaenophilum, C. magnum and C. orchidearum species complexes. Stud Mycol 2019; 92:1-46. [PMID: 29997400 PMCID: PMC6030544 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Glomerella glycines, Colletotrichum magnum and C. orchidearum are known as causal agents of anthracnose of soybean, Cucurbitaceae and Orchidaceae, respectively, their taxonomy remains unresolved. In preliminary analyses based on ITS, strains of these species appear basal in Colletotrichum phylogenies, clustering close to C. cliviae, C. brevisporum and other recently described species from tropical or subtropical regions. Phylogenetic analyses (ITS, GAPDH, CHS-1, HIS3, ACT, TUB2) of 102 strains previously identified as Ga. glycines, C. magnum and C. orchidearum as well as other related strains from different culture collections and studies placed these taxa in three species complexes, and distinguished at least 24 species, including 11 new species. In this study, C. magnum, C. orchidearum and C. piperis were epitypified and their taxonomy resolved, while C. cliviicola was proposed as a new name for C. cliviae. Furthermore, a sexual morph was observed for C. yunnanense, while C. brevisporum, C. cliviicola and C. tropicicola were reported from new hosts or countries. Regarding their conidial morphology, species in the C. dracaenophilum, C. magnum and C. orchidearum species complexes are reminiscent of C. gloeosporioides or C. boninense s. lat., and were likely to be confused with them in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- U. Damm
- Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, PF 300 154, 02806 Görlitz, Germany
| | - T. Sato
- Genetic Resources Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - A. Alizadeh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - J.Z. Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P.W. Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Cao X, Xu X, Che H, West JS, Luo D. Three Colletotrichum Species, Including a New Species, are Associated to Leaf Anthracnose of Rubber Tree in Hainan, China. PLANT DISEASE 2019; 103:117-124. [PMID: 30398958 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-18-0374-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. acutatum have been reported to be causal agents of anthracnose disease of rubber tree. Recent investigations have shown that both C. gloeosporioides and C. acutatum are species complexes. The identities of Colletotrichum species causing anthracnose disease of rubber tree in Hainan, China, are unknown. In this study, 106 isolates obtained from rubber tree with symptoms of anthracnose were collected from 12 counties of Hainan and identified at the species complex level based on the ITS sequences and colony morphologies. Seventy-four isolates were identified as C. gloeosporioides species complex and the other 32 isolates as C. acutatum species complex. Forty-two isolates were selected for further multilocus phylogenetic analyses in order to identify the isolates to the species level. Twenty-six isolates from the C. gloeosporioides species complex were characterized for partial sequences of seven gene regions (ACT, TUB2, CHS-1, GAPDH, ITS, ApMat, and GS), and the other 16 isolates from the C. acutatum species complex for five gene regions (ACT, TUB2, CHS-1, GAPDH, and ITS). Three species were identified: C. siamense and C. fructicola from the C. gloeosporioides species complex, and a new species C. wanningense from the C. acutatum species complex. Artificial inoculation of rubber tree leaves confirmed the pathogenicity of the three species. The present study improves the understanding of species causing anthracnose on rubber tree and provides useful information for the effective control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueren Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xiangming Xu
- NIAB EMR, New Road, East Malling, Kent ME19 6BJ, UK
| | - Haiyan Che
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | | | - Daquan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
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Mo J, Zhao G, Li Q, Solangi GS, Tang L, Guo T, Huang S, Hsiang T. Identification and Characterization of Colletotrichum Species Associated with Mango Anthracnose in Guangxi, China. PLANT DISEASE 2018; 102:1283-1289. [PMID: 30673569 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-17-1516-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica) is widely grown across southern China, especially in the provinces of Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan, Sichuan, and Taiwan. Guangxi itself has over 86,667 ha of mango production. The purpose of this study was to identify Colletotrichum species associated with mango in different parts of Guangxi and examine their pathogenicity on leaves and fruits of mango in vitro. Diseased leaves were collected from 25 mango orchards in different areas of Guangxi province. Sixty-five isolates were obtained from mango leaves with anthracnose symptoms, and these were further characterized based on morphology and DNA sequencing. Twenty-nine isolates from different areas were selected for sequencing and analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, partial actin, β-tubulin, and chitin synthase genomic regions. The most common fungal isolates were these three species: Colletotrichum asianum, C. fructicola, and C. siamense. C. asianum was the most common and widely distributed in Guangxi (51.7%), followed by C. fructicola (37.9%) and C. siamense (10.2%), both found in Tiandong, Tianyang, and Wuming counties. There was no evidence of geographical specialization of the different species. Pathogenicity assays showed that all isolates were pathogenic to mango leaves and fruit (cultivar Tainong). No relationship was found between origin of isolates and their virulence. This is the first description of C. asianum, C. fructicola, and C. siamense as causal agents of mango leaf anthracnose from Guangxi province, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyou Mo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China, and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
| | - Guang Zhao
- Department of Guangxi Forestry Pest Management, Nanning, Guangxi, 530028, China
| | - Qili Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China, and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
| | - Ghulam S Solangi
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China, and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
| | - Lihua Tang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China, and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
| | - Tangxun Guo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China, and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
| | - Suiping Huang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China, and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Nanning, Guangxi, 530007, China
| | - Tom Hsiang
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, ON, Canada
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Zhai L, Zhang M, Hong N, Xiao F, Fu M, Xiang J, Wang G. Identification and Characterization of a Novel Hepta-Segmented dsRNA Virus From the Phytopathogenic Fungus Colletotrichum fructicola. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:754. [PMID: 29725323 PMCID: PMC5917037 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel hepta-segmented double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus was isolated and characterized from the strain FJ-4 of the phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum fructicola, and was named Colletotrichum fructicola chrysovirus 1 (CfCV1). The full-length cDNAs of dsRNA1–7 were 3620, 2801, 2687, 2437, 1750, 1536, and 1211 bp, respectively. The 5′- and 3′-untranslated regions of the seven dsRNAs share highly similar internal sequence and contain conserved sequence stretches, indicating that they have a common virus origin. The 5′-and 3′-UTRs of the seven dsRNAs were predicted to fold into stable stem-loop structures. CfCV1 contains spherical virions that are 35 nm in diameter consisting of seven segments. The largest dsRNA of CfCV1 encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), and the second dsRNA encodes a viral capsid protein (CP). The dsRNA5 encodes a C2H2-type zinc finger protein containing an R-rich region and a G-rich region. The smallest dsRNA is a satellite-like RNA. The functions of the other proteins encoded by dsRNA3, dsRNA4, dsRNA6 are unknown. Phylogenetic analysis, based on RdRp and CP, indicated that CfCV1 is phylogenetically related to Botryosphaeria dothidea chrysovirus 1 (BdCV1), and Penicillium janczewskii chrysovirus 2 (PjCV2), a cluster of an independent cluster II group in the family Chrysoviridae. Importantly, all the seven segments of CfCV1 were transmitted successfully to other virus-free strains with an all-or-none fashion. CfCV1 exerts minor influence on the growth of C. fructicola but can confer hypovirulence to the fungal host. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a hepta-segmented tentative chrysovirus in C. fructicola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Zhai
- College of Life Science and Technology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, China.,National Key Laboratory of Agromicrobiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meixin Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, China.,National Key Laboratory of Agromicrobiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ni Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Agromicrobiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Fu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Xiang
- Institute of Plant Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Guoping Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agromicrobiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Veloso JS, Câmara MPS, Lima WG, Michereff SJ, Doyle VP. Why species delimitation matters for fungal ecology: Colletotrichum diversity on wild and cultivated cashew in Brazil. Fungal Biol 2018; 122:677-691. [PMID: 29880203 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Anthracnose is one of the most important plant diseases globally, occurring on a wide range of cultivated and wild host species. This study aimed to identify the Colletotrichum species associated with cashew anthracnose in Brazil, determine their phylogenetic relationships and geographical distribution, and provide some insight into the factors that may be influencing community composition. Colletotrichum isolates collected from symptomatic leaves, stems, inflorescences, and fruit of cultivated and wild cashew, across four Brazilian biomes, were identified as Colletotrichum chrysophilum, Colletotrichum fragariae, Colletotrichum fructicola, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu stricto, Colletotrichum queenslandicum, Colletotrichum siamense and Colletotrichum tropicale. Colletotrichum siamense was the most dominant species. The greatest species richness was associated with cultivated cashew; leaves harbored more species than the other organs; the Atlantic Forest encompassed more species than the other biomes; and Pernambuco was the most species-rich location. However, accounting for the relative abundance of Colletotrichum species and differences in sample size across strata, the interpretation of which community is most diverse depends on how species are delimited. The present study provides valuable information about the Colletotrichum/cashew pathosystem, sheds light on the causal agents identification,and highlights the impact that species delimitation can have on ecological studies of fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiene S Veloso
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Marcos P S Câmara
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Waléria G Lima
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Sami J Michereff
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Vinson P Doyle
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
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Vieira WAS, Lima WG, Nascimento ES, Michereff SJ, Câmara MPS, Doyle VP. The impact of phenotypic and molecular data on the inference of Colletotrichum diversity associated with Musa. Mycologia 2018; 109:912-934. [PMID: 29494311 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2017.1418577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Developing a comprehensive and reliable taxonomy for the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex will require adopting data standards on the basis of an understanding of how methodological choices impact morphological evaluations and phylogenetic inference. We explored the impact of methodological choices in a morphological and molecular evaluation of Colletotrichum species associated with banana in Brazil. The choice of alignment filtering algorithm has a significant impact on topological inference and the retention of phylogenetically informative sites. Similarly, the choice of phylogenetic marker affects the delimitation of species boundaries, particularly if low phylogenetic signal is confounded with strong discordance, and inference of the species tree from multiple-gene trees. According to both phylogenetic informativeness profiling and Bayesian concordance analyses, the most informative loci are DNA lyase (APN2), intergenic spacer (IGS) between DNA lyase and the mating-type locus MAT1-2-1 (APN2/MAT-IGS), calmodulin (CAL), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), glutamine synthetase (GS), β-tubulin (TUB2), and a new marker, the intergenic spacer between GAPDH and an hypothetical protein (GAP2-IGS). Cornmeal agar minimizes the variance in conidial dimensions compared with potato dextrose agar and synthetic nutrient-poor agar, such that species are more readily distinguishable based on phenotypic differences. We apply these insights to investigate the diversity of Colletotrichum species associated with banana anthracnose in Brazil and report C. musae, C. tropicale, C. theobromicola, and C. siamense in association with banana anthracnose. One lineage did not cluster with any previously described species and is described here as C. chrysophilum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willie A S Vieira
- a Departamento de Agronomia , Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco , Recife , Pernambuco , Brazil
| | - Waléria G Lima
- a Departamento de Agronomia , Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco , Recife , Pernambuco , Brazil
| | - Eduardo S Nascimento
- a Departamento de Agronomia , Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco , Recife , Pernambuco , Brazil
| | - Sami J Michereff
- a Departamento de Agronomia , Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco , Recife , Pernambuco , Brazil
| | - Marcos P S Câmara
- a Departamento de Agronomia , Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco , Recife , Pernambuco , Brazil
| | - Vinson P Doyle
- b Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology , Louisiana State University AgCenter, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803
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Lima Oliveira PD, de Oliveira KÁR, Vieira WADS, Câmara MPS, de Souza EL. Control of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species in guava, mango and papaya using synergistic combinations of chitosan and Cymbopogon citratus (D.C. ex Nees) Stapf. essential oil. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 266:87-94. [PMID: 29182924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the efficacy of chitosan (Chi) and Cymbopogon citratus (D.C. ex Nees) Stapf. essential oil (CCEO) combinations to control the mycelial growth of five pathogenic Colletotrichum species (C. asianum, C. siamense, C. fructicola, C. tropicale and C. karstii) in vitro, as well as the anthracnose development in guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Paluma, mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Tommy Atkins and papaya (Carica papaya L.) cv. Papaya artificially inoculated with these species. Combinations of Chi (2.5, 5 or 7.5mg/mL) and CCEO (0.15, 0.3, 0.6 or 1.25μL/mL) inhibited the mycelial growth of all tested fungal species in vitro. Examined Chi-CCEO combinations showed additive or synergistic interactions to inhibit the target Colletotrichum species based on the Abbott index. Coatings formed by synergistic Chi (5mg/mL) and CCEO (0.15, 0.3 or 0.6μL/mL) combinations decreased anthracnose lesion development in guava, mango and papaya inoculated with any of the tested Colleotrichum species during storage. Overall, anthracnose lesion development inhibition in fruit coated with synergistic Chi-CCEO combinations was higher than that observed in fruit treated with synthetic fungicides. These results show that the application of coatings formed by Chi-CCEO synergistic combinations could be effective to control postharvest anthracnose development in fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Dinah Lima Oliveira
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Kataryne Árabe Rimá de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Paz Saraiva Câmara
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Evandro Leite de Souza
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil.
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Correia AML, Lira SP, Assis MA, Rodrigues A. Fungal Endophyte Communities in Begonia Species from the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. Curr Microbiol 2017; 75:441-449. [PMID: 29159690 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-017-1400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tropical plants represent hotspots of endophytic fungal species diversity. Based on culture-dependent methods, we evaluated the endophytic fungal communities in leaves of three plant species found in the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest: Begonia fischeri, Begonia olsoniae, and Begonia venosa. These species are found in two distant sites: a continental region and an insular area. A total of 426 fungal endophytes in 19 genera were isolated in pure culture including Colletotrichum (51.6% of isolates) and Diaporthe (22.5%) as the most abundant, followed by Phyllosticta (3.5%), Neopestalotiopsis (1.8%), Stagonospora (1.8%), and Nigrospora (1.6%) among the genera found in minor abundance. The diversity and composition of fungal taxa differed across plant hosts. Richness and diversity of fungi were higher in B. fischeri in comparison to B. olsoniae and B. venosa. Discriminatory analysis revealed that fungal communities are structured according to hosts, which means that each plant species had its distinct endophytic communities, but dominated by common fungal taxa. This is the first study to report fungal endophytes in begonia leaves and characterize their communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M L Correia
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. 24-A, n 1515, Bela Vista, 13506-900, Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Simone P Lira
- Department of Exact Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Marco A Assis
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
| | - Andre Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. 24-A, n 1515, Bela Vista, 13506-900, Rio Claro, Brazil.
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Douanla-Meli C, Unger JG, Langer E. Multi-approach analysis of the diversity in Colletotrichum cliviae sensu lato. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2017; 111:423-435. [PMID: 29094246 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-0965-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Colletotrichum cliviae is a fungal species reported both as pathogen and endophyte with broad geographical distribution. Some purported isolates of this species have been assigned to different taxa, including Colletotrichum aracearum, Colletotrichum orchidearum and Colletotrichum. sichuanensis, for which a preliminary analysis of extensive multilocus (ACT, GAPDH, ITS, TUB2) data in this study revealed high sequence similarity with C. cliviae. We further reassessed the species delineation by using the coalescent method of the generalized mixed Yule-coalescent (GMYC) and Poisson Tree Processes (PTP). Single and multilocus gene trees strongly supported a C. cliviae s. lat. clade including the four species. This clade unfolded eight subclades grouped into three distinct lineages, but no monophyly of any of the four species. GMYC and PTP analyses confidently supported the evolutionary independence of these lineages. C. sichuanensis and C. cliviae, except one isolate, formed the largest lineage. The second lineage was made up of isolates named C. aracearum and some of C. orchidearum sharing the haplotype and the third lineage accommodated two isolates named C. cliviae and C. orchidearum. This finding suggests the synonymization of C. sichuanensis with C. cliviae whereas the taxonomic status of C. aracearum and C. orchidearum still needs clarification. This study lays great stress upon the use of comprehensive data for sequence-based characterisation of species in the C. cliviae s. lat. It also presents the first report of C. cliviae in tropical Africa and on citrus host.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Douanla-Meli
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for National and International Plant Health, Messeweg 11-12, 38104, Brunswick, Germany.
| | - J-G Unger
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for National and International Plant Health, Messeweg 11-12, 38104, Brunswick, Germany
| | - E Langer
- Universität Kassel, Fachgebiet Ökologie, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
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Synergistic mixtures of chitosan and Mentha piperita L. essential oil to inhibit Colletotrichum species and anthracnose development in mango cultivar Tommy Atkins. Food Microbiol 2017; 66:96-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Douanla-Meli C, Unger JG. Phylogenetic study of the Colletotrichum species on imported citrus fruits uncovers a low diversity and a new species in the Colletotrichum gigasporum complex. Fungal Biol 2017; 121:858-868. [PMID: 28889910 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Colletotrichum species associated with citrus fruits are fragmentarily known and it lacks accordingly accurate information on the diversity carried alongside the trade of these commodities from producer countries to Europe. In this study, we investigated the molecular phylogenetic diversity, colonisation, and prevalence of Colletotrichum isolated from asymptomatic and diseased tissues of nine citrus fruit species from 17 geographically diverse countries. Totally 454 isolates were morphoculturally characterised, and multilocus analyses (ACT, ApMat, CHS-1, GAPDH, ITS, TUB2) was performed on a subset of representative morphotype isolates. Results led to the identification of three previously known species (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum karstii, Colletotrichum siamense) and one novel lineage comprising endophytic isolates from Citrus maxima. Based on this lineage, Colletotrichum citri-maximae is described as a new species in the Colletotrichum gigasporum complex, and is characterised by a long deletion in the GAPDH sequence, a character shared with three of its phylogenetic sister taxa. Prevalence of Colletotrichum varied among citrus species and was greatest on Citrus sinensis fruits. C. gloeosporioides was the most common species followed by C. siamense. Except for the new species, all other isolated Colletotrichum spp. also colonise citrus leaves, but the overall diversity on fruits may be lower than that of leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clovis Douanla-Meli
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for National and International Plant Health, Messeweg 11-12, D-38104 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Jens-Georg Unger
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for National and International Plant Health, Messeweg 11-12, D-38104 Braunschweig, Germany
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De Silva DD, Crous PW, Ades PK, Hyde KD, Taylor PW. Life styles of Colletotrichum species and implications for plant biosecurity. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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47
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Mycoremediation of Heavy Metal and Hydrocarbon Pollutants by Endophytic Fungi. Fungal Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-68957-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wang YC, Hao XY, Wang L, Bin Xiao, Wang XC, Yang YJ. Diverse Colletotrichum species cause anthracnose of tea plants (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) in China. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35287. [PMID: 27782129 PMCID: PMC5080629 DOI: 10.1038/srep35287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum is one of the most severe diseases that can afflict Camellia sinensis. However, research on the diversity and geographical distribution of Colletotrichum in China remain limited. In this study, 106 Colletotrichum isolates were collected from diseased leaves of Ca. sinensis cultivated in the 15 main tea production provinces in China. Multi-locus phylogenetic analysis coupled with morphological identification showed that the collected isolates belonged to 11 species, including 6 known species (C. camelliae, C. cliviae, C. fioriniae, C. fructicola, C. karstii, and C. siamense), 3 new record species (C. aenigma, C. endophytica, and C. truncatum), 1 novel species (C. wuxiense), and 1 indistinguishable strain, herein described as Colletotrichum sp. Of these species, C. camelliae and C. fructicola were the dominant species causing anthracnose in Ca. sinensis. In addition, our study provided further evidence that phylogenetic analysis using a combination of ApMat and GS sequences can be used to effectively resolve the taxonomic relationships within the C. gloeosporioides species complex. Finally, pathogenicity tests suggested that C. camelliae, C. aenigma, and C. endophytica are more invasive than other species after the inoculation of the leaves of Ca. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chun Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Center for Tea Improvement/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, People’s Republic of China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yuan Hao
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Center for Tea Improvement/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Center for Tea Improvement/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin-Chao Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Center for Tea Improvement/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya-Jun Yang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Center for Tea Improvement/Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310008, People’s Republic of China
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
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Liu F, Tang G, Zheng X, Li Y, Sun X, Qi X, Zhou Y, Xu J, Chen H, Chang X, Zhang S, Gong G. Molecular and phenotypic characterization of Colletotrichum species associated with anthracnose disease in peppers from Sichuan Province, China. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32761. [PMID: 27609555 PMCID: PMC5016793 DOI: 10.1038/srep32761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum species is an important disease that primarily causes fruit rot in pepper. Eighty-eight strains representing seven species of Colletotrichum were obtained from rotten pepper fruits in Sichuan Province, China, and characterized according to morphology and the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) sequence. Fifty-two strains were chosen for identification by phylogenetic analyses of multi-locus sequences, including the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the β-tubulin (TUB2), actin (ACT), calmodulin (CAL) and GAPDH genes. Based on the combined datasets, the 88 strains were identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, C. siamense, C. fructicola, C. truncatum, C. scovillei, and C. brevisporum, and one new species was detected, described as Colletotrichum sichuanensis. Notably, C. siamense and C. scovillei were recorded for the first time as the causes of anthracnose in peppers in China. In addition, with the exception of C. truncatum, this is the first report of all of the other Colletotrichum species studied in pepper from Sichuan. The fungal species were all non-host-specific, as the isolates were able to infect not only Capsicum spp. but also Pyrus pyrifolia in pathogenicity tests. These findings suggest that the fungal species associated with anthracnose in pepper may inoculate other hosts as initial inoculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangling Liu
- College of Agronomy & Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Guiting Tang
- College of Agronomy & Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Zheng
- College of Agronomy & Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Agronomy & Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- College of Agronomy & Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Qi
- College of Agronomy & Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, P.R. China
| | - You Zhou
- College of Agronomy & Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- College of Agronomy & Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Huabao Chen
- College of Agronomy & Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli Chang
- College of Agronomy & Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Sirong Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, P.R. China
| | - Guoshu Gong
- College of Agronomy & Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, P.R. China
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Shetty KG, Rivadeneira DV, Jayachandran K, Walker DM. Isolation and molecular characterization of the fungal endophytic microbiome from conventionally and organically grown avocado trees in South Florida. Mycol Prog 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-016-1219-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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