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Choi J, Kim H, Ahn YR, Kim M, Yu S, Kim N, Lim SY, Park JA, Ha SJ, Lim KS, Kim HO. Recent advances in microbial and enzymatic engineering for the biodegradation of micro- and nanoplastics. RSC Adv 2024; 14:9943-9966. [PMID: 38528920 PMCID: PMC10961967 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00844h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This review examines the escalating issue of plastic pollution, specifically highlighting the detrimental effects on the environment and human health caused by microplastics and nanoplastics. The extensive use of synthetic polymers such as polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polystyrene (PS) has raised significant environmental concerns because of their long-lasting and non-degradable characteristics. This review delves into the role of enzymatic and microbial strategies in breaking down these polymers, showcasing recent advancements in the field. The intricacies of enzymatic degradation are thoroughly examined, including the effectiveness of enzymes such as PETase and MHETase, as well as the contribution of microbial pathways in breaking down resilient polymers into more benign substances. The paper also discusses the impact of chemical composition on plastic degradation kinetics and emphasizes the need for an approach to managing the environmental impact of synthetic polymers. The review highlights the significance of comprehending the physical characteristics and long-term impacts of micro- and nanoplastics in different ecosystems. Furthermore, it points out the environmental and health consequences of these contaminants, such as their ability to cause cancer and interfere with the endocrine system. The paper emphasizes the need for advanced analytical methods and effective strategies for enzymatic degradation, as well as continued research and development in this area. This review highlights the crucial role of enzymatic and microbial strategies in addressing plastic pollution and proposes methods to create effective and environmentally friendly solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewon Choi
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
| | - Hongbin Kim
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
| | - Yu-Rim Ahn
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
| | - Minse Kim
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
| | - Seona Yu
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
| | - Nanhyeon Kim
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
| | - Su Yeon Lim
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
| | - Jeong-Ann Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Jin Ha
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
| | - Kwang Suk Lim
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
| | - Hyun-Ouk Kim
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, College of Art, Culture and Engineering, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
- Department of Smart Health Science and Technology, Kangwon National University Chuncheon Korea
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da Silva MRF, Souza KS, Motteran F, de Araújo LCA, Singh R, Bhadouria R, de Oliveira MBM. Exploring biodegradative efficiency: a systematic review on the main microplastic-degrading bacteria. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1360844. [PMID: 38562477 PMCID: PMC10982435 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1360844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Microplastics (MPs) are widely distributed in the environment, causing damage to biota and human health. Due to their physicochemical characteristics, they become resistant particles to environmental degradation, leading to their accumulation in large quantities in the terrestrial ecosystem. Thus, there is an urgent need for measures to mitigate such pollution, with biological degradation being a viable alternative, where bacteria play a crucial role, demonstrating high efficiency in degrading various types of MPs. Therefore, the study aimed to identify bacteria with the potential for MP biodegradation and the enzymes produced during the process. Methods The methodology used followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. Results and Discussion The research yielded 68 eligible studies, highlighting bacteria from the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, and Rhodococcus as the main organisms involved in MP biodegradation. Additionally, enzymes such as hydrolases and alkane hydroxylases were emphasized for their involvement in this process. Thus, the potential of bacterial biodegradation is emphasized as a promising pathway to mitigate the environmental impact of MPs, highlighting the relevance of identifying bacteria with biotechnological potential for large-scale applications in reducing MP pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karolayne Silva Souza
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Motteran
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Rishikesh Singh
- Amity School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Amity University Punjab (AUP), Mohali, India
| | - Rahul Bhadouria
- Department of Environmental Studies, Delhi College of Arts and Commerce, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Hu F, Wang P, Li Y, Ling J, Ruan Y, Yu J, Zhang L. Bioremediation of environmental organic pollutants by Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Mechanisms, methods and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 239:117211. [PMID: 37778604 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of the chemical industry has led to a boom in daily consumption and convenience, but has also led to the release of large amounts of organic pollutants, such as petroleum hydrocarbons, plastics, pesticides, and dyes. These pollutants are often recalcitrant to degradation in the environment, whereby the most problematic compounds may even lead to carcinogenesis, teratogenesis and mutagenesis in animals and humans after accumulation in the food chain. Microbial degradation of organic pollutants is efficient and environmentally friendly, which is why it is considered an ideal method. Numerous studies have shown that Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a powerful platform for the remediation of environmental pollution with organic chemicals due to its diverse metabolic networks and its ability to secrete biosurfactants to make hydrophobic substrates more bioavailable, thereby facilitating degradation. In this paper, the mechanisms and methods of the bioremediation of environmental organic pollutants (EOPs) by P. aeruginosa are reviewed. The challenges of current studies are highlighted, and new strategies for future research are prospected. Metabolic pathways and critical enzymes must be further deciphered, which is significant for the construction of a bioremediation platform based on this powerful organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghui Hu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Panlin Wang
- School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yunhan Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiahuan Ling
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yongqiang Ruan
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiaojiao Yu
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300203, China.
| | - Lihui Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Akarsu C, Özdemir S, Ozay Y, Acer Ö, Dizge N. Investigation of two different size microplastic degradation ability of thermophilic bacteria using polyethylene polymers. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 44:3710-3720. [PMID: 35476583 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2071638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There are several studies stating that many types of microplastics cannot be retained completely by conventional wastewater treatment systems. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent the discharge of these microplastics to the ecological system. The objective of this study was to investigate the biodegradation ability of two different size of PE (50 and 150 µm) by using two Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped, and motile thermophilic bacteria, called strain Gecek4 and strain ST5, which can hydrolyse starch, were isolated from the soil's samples of Gecek and Ömer hot-springs in Afyonkarahisar, Turkey, respectively. Phenotypic features and 16S rRNA analyzing of strains also studied. According to these results, Gecek4s and ST5 were identified as Anoxybacillus flavithermus Gecek4s and Bacillus firmus ST5, respectively. Results showed that A. flavithermus Gecek4s could colonise the polymer surface and cause surface damage whereas B. firmus ST5 could not degrade bigger-sized particles efficiently. In addition, morphological changes on microplastic surface were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) where dimensional changes, irregularities, crack, and/or holes were detected. This finding suggests that there is a high potential to develop an effective integrated method for plastic bags degradation by extracellular enzymes from bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceyhun Akarsu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sadin Özdemir
- Food Processing Programme, Technical Science Vocational School, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Yasin Ozay
- Department of Environmental Protection Technologies, Tarsus University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ömer Acer
- Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Microbiology, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Nadir Dizge
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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Bacha AUR, Nabi I, Zaheer M, Jin W, Yang L. Biodegradation of macro- and micro-plastics in environment: A review on mechanism, toxicity, and future perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:160108. [PMID: 36370786 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plastic waste has gained remarkable research attention due to its accumulation, associated environmental issues, and impact on living organisms. In order to overcome this challenge, there is an urgent need for its removal from the environment. Under this menace, finding appropriate treatment methods like biodegradation instead of typical treatment methods is of supreme importance. However, there is a limited review on bio-decomposition of plastics, existing microbial species, their degradation efficacy, and mechanism. From this point of view, this study focused on a brief overview of biodegradation such as influencing factors on biodegradation, existing species for macro- and micro-plastics, and present research gap. Degradation percentage, limitations of existing species, and future recommendations are proposed. Microbial species such as bacteria, algae, and fungi have the ability to decompose plastics but they are unable to completely mineralize the plastics. Meanwhile, there is limited knowledge about the involved enzymes in plastics degradation, especially in the case of algae. Bio-decomposition of plastics requires more stringent conditions which are usually feasible for field application. This work will be a reference for new researchers to use this effective strategy for plastic pollution removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz-Ur-Rahim Bacha
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Iqra Nabi
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Muhammad Zaheer
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenbiao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
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Oliveira J, Almeida PL, Sobral RG, Lourenço ND, Gaudêncio SP. Marine-Derived Actinomycetes: Biodegradation of Plastics and Formation of PHA Bioplastics-A Circular Bioeconomy Approach. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20120760. [PMID: 36547907 PMCID: PMC9783806 DOI: 10.3390/md20120760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastics are present in the majority of daily-use products worldwide. Due to society's production and consumption patterns, plastics are accumulating in the environment, causing global pollution issues and intergenerational impacts. Our work aims to contribute to the development of solutions and sustainable methods to mitigate this pressing problem, focusing on the ability of marine-derived actinomycetes to accelerate plastics biodegradation and produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), which are biodegradable bioplastics. The thin plastic films' biodegradation was monitored by weight loss, changes in the surface chemical structure (Infra-Red spectroscopy FTIR-ATR), and by mechanical properties (tensile strength tests). Thirty-six marine-derived actinomycete strains were screened for their plastic biodegradability potential. Among these, Streptomyces gougerotti, Micromonospora matsumotoense, and Nocardiopsis prasina revealed ability to degrade plastic films-low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polystyrene (PS) and polylactic acid (PLA) in varying conditions, namely upon the addition of yeast extract to the culture media and the use of UV pre-treated thin plastic films. Enhanced biodegradation by these bacteria was observed in both cases. S. gougerotti degraded 0.56% of LDPE films treated with UV radiation and 0.67% of PS films when inoculated with yeast extract. Additionally, N. prasina degraded 1.27% of PLA films when these were treated with UV radiation, and yeast extract was added to the culture medium. The main and most frequent differences observed in FTIR-ATR spectra during biodegradation occurred at 1740 cm-1, indicating the formation of carbonyl groups and an increase in the intensity of the bands, which indicates oxidation. Young Modulus decreased by 30% on average. In addition, S. gougerotti and M. matsumotoense, besides biodegrading conventional plastics (LDPE and PS), were also able to use these as a carbon source to produce degradable PHA bioplastics in a circular economy concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Oliveira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Chemistry and Life Science Departments, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro L. Almeida
- I3N-CENIMAT, Materials Science Department, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Physics Department, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1959-007 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita G. Sobral
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Chemistry and Life Science Departments, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Nídia D. Lourenço
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Chemistry and Life Science Departments, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Susana P. Gaudêncio
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Chemistry and Life Science Departments, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-21-2948300; Fax: +351-21-2948550
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Alhusaini Q, Scheld WS, Jia Z, Das D, Afzal F, Müller M, Schönherr H. Bare Eye Detection of Bacterial Enzymes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with Polymer Modified Nanoporous Silicon Rugate Filters. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1064. [PMID: 36551031 PMCID: PMC9776340 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication, characterization and application of a nanoporous Silicon Rugate Filter (pSiRF) loaded with an enzymatically degradable polymer is reported as a bare eye detection optical sensor for enzymes of pathogenic bacteria, which is devoid of any dyes. The nanopores of pSiRF were filled with poly(lactic acid) (PLA), which, upon enzymatic degradation, resulted in a change in the effective refractive index of the pSiRF film, leading to a readily discernible color change of the sensor. The shifts in the characteristic fringe patterns before and after the enzymatic reaction were analyzed quantitatively by Reflectometric Interference Spectroscopy (RIfS) to estimate the apparent kinetics and its dependence on enzyme concentration. A clear color change from green to blue was observed by the bare eye after PLA degradation by proteinase K. Moreover, the color change was further confirmed in measurements in bacterial suspensions of the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1) as well as in situ in the corresponding bacterial supernatants. This study highlights the potential of the approach in point of care bacteria detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qasim Alhusaini
- Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Walter Sebastian Scheld
- Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Zhiyuan Jia
- Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Dipankar Das
- Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Potheri, Kattankulathur 603203, India
| | - Faria Afzal
- Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Mareike Müller
- Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Holger Schönherr
- Physical Chemistry I and Research Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, School of Science and Technology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany
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Zhang N, Ding M, Yuan Y. Current Advances in Biodegradation of Polyolefins. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1537. [PMID: 36013955 PMCID: PMC9416408 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyolefins, including polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS), are widely used plastics in our daily life. The excessive use of plastics and improper handling methods cause considerable pollution in the environment, as well as waste of energy. The biodegradation of polyolefins seems to be an environmentally friendly and low-energy consumption method for plastics degradation. Many strains that could degrade polyolefins have been isolated from the environment. Some enzymes have also been identified with the function of polyolefin degradation. With the development of synthetic biology and metabolic engineering strategies, engineered strains could be used to degrade plastics. This review summarizes the current advances in polyolefin degradation, including isolated and engineered strains, enzymes and related pathways. Furthermore, a novel strategy for polyolefin degradation by artificial microbial consortia is proposed, which would be helpful for the efficient degradation of polyolefin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Zhang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (N.Z.); (Y.Y.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mingzhu Ding
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (N.Z.); (Y.Y.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yingjin Yuan
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (N.Z.); (Y.Y.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Sun J, Prabhu A, Aroney STN, Rinke C. Insights into plastic biodegradation: community composition and functional capabilities of the superworm ( Zophobas morio) microbiome in styrofoam feeding trials. Microb Genom 2022; 8. [PMID: 35678705 PMCID: PMC9455710 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastics are inexpensive and widely used organic polymers, but their high durability hinders biodegradation. Polystyrene, including extruded polystyrene (also known as styrofoam), is among the most commonly produced plastics worldwide and is recalcitrant to microbial degradation. In this study, we assessed changes in the gut microbiome of superworms (Zophobas morio) reared on bran, polystyrene or under starvation conditions over a 3 weeks period. Superworms on all diets were able to complete their life cycle to pupae and imago, although superworms reared on polystyrene had minimal weight gains, resulting in lower pupation rates compared to bran reared worms. The change in microbial gut communities from baseline differed considerably between diet groups, with polystyrene and starvation groups characterized by a loss of microbial diversity and the presence of opportunistic pathogens. Inferred microbial functions enriched in the polystyrene group included transposon movements, membrane restructuring and adaptations to oxidative stress. We detected several encoded enzymes with reported polystyrene and styrene degradation abilities, supporting previous reports of polystyrene-degrading bacteria in the superworm gut. By recovering metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) we linked phylogeny and functions and identified genera including Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus and Corynebacterium that possess genes associated with polystyrene degradation. In conclusion, our results provide the first metagenomic insights into the metabolic pathways used by the gut microbiome of superworms to degrade polystyrene. Our results also confirm that superworms can survive on polystyrene feed, but this diet has considerable negative impacts on host gut microbiome diversity and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Sun
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Apoorva Prabhu
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Samuel T N Aroney
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Christian Rinke
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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Zhang Y, Pedersen JN, Eser BE, Guo Z. Biodegradation of polyethylene and polystyrene: From microbial deterioration to enzyme discovery. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:107991. [PMID: 35654281 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The global production of plastics has continuously been soaring over the last decades due to their extensive use in our daily life and in industries. Although synthetic plastics offer great advantages from packaging to construction and electronics, their low biodegradability induce serious plastic pollution that damage the environment, human health and make irreversible changes in the ecological cycle. In particular, plastics containing only carbon-carbon (C-C) backbone are less susceptible to degradation due to the lack of hydrolysable groups. The representative polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS) account for about 40% of the total plastic production. Various chemical and biological processes with great potential have been developed for plastic recycle and reuse, but biodegradation seems to be the most attractive and eco-friendly method to combat this growing environmental problem. In this review, we first summarize the current advances in PE and PS biodegradation, including isolation of microbes and potential degrading enzymes from different sources. Next, the state-of-the-art techniques used for evaluating and monitoring PE and PS degradation, the scientific toolboxes for enzyme discovery as well as the challenges and strategies for plastic biodegradation are intensively discussed. In return, it inspires a further technological exploration in expanding the diversity of species and enzymes, disclosing the essential pathways and developing new approaches to utilize plastic waste as feedstock for recycling and upcycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Bekir Engin Eser
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zheng Guo
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
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Jin T, Tang J, Lyu H, Wang L, Gillmore AB, Schaeffer SM. Activities of Microplastics (MPs) in Agricultural Soil: A Review of MPs Pollution from the Perspective of Agricultural Ecosystems. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4182-4201. [PMID: 35380817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are emerging persistent pollutants which have attracted increasing attention worldwide. Although microplastics have been widely detected in aquatic environments, their presence in soil ecosystems remains largely unexplored. Plastic debris accumulates in farmland, causing serious environmental problems, which may directly affect food substances or indirectly affect the members in each trophic level of the food chain. This review summarizes the origins, migration, and fate of microplastics in agricultural soils and discusses the interaction between microplastics and the components in farmland from the perspectives of toxicology and accumulation and deduces impacts on ecosystems by linking the organismal response to an ecological role. The effects on farmland ecosystem function are also discussed, emphasizing the supply of agricultural products, food chain pathways, carbon deposition, and nitrogen cycling and soil and water conservation, as microplastic pollution will affect agricultural ecosystems for a long period, posing an ecological risk. Finally, several directions for future research are proposed, which is important for reducing the effect of microplastics in agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyue Jin
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jingchun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Honghong Lyu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Alexis B Gillmore
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee - Knoxville, 2506 East J. Chapman Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Sean M Schaeffer
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee - Knoxville, 2506 East J. Chapman Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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12
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Dhanraj ND, Hatha AAM, Jisha MS. Biodegradation of petroleum based and bio-based plastics: approaches to increase the rate of biodegradation. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:258. [PMID: 35419707 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02883-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Plastic production and consumption are on the rise due to their variety of uses. Plastics often accumulate in the environment and pose a risk due to the lack of a viable strategy for their safe disposal. Even prohibiting plastic covers does not solve the problems of plastic waste generation. Plastics are degraded by various microbes, although at a very slow rate. In addition, efforts to enhance plastic degradation efficiency by microbes are rarely addressed. This paper describes the biodegradation of both petroleum-based and bio-based plastics, as well as studies on plastic biodegradation in both the Indian and global scenarios. This paper also discusses the biochemical and molecular aspects of plastic biodegradation, which are essential since they disclose more about how bacteria break down plastics. We also shed light on initiatives to boost biodegradation rates using various strategies in this article. Understanding the enzymes and genes involved in biodegradation would also help researchers figure out how to use them to enhance microorganism's ability to degrade plastic.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D Dhanraj
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - A A Mohamed Hatha
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - M S Jisha
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
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13
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Saleem W, Nazir R, Chaudhry MN, Saleem M, Abidi SH. Packaging material-based polystyrene ZnFe2O4/clay nanocomposite: preparation, characterization and degradation studies. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-02316-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Sun Y, Hu J, Yusuf A, Wang Y, Jin H, Zhang X, Liu Y, Wang Y, Yang G, He J. A critical review on microbial degradation of petroleum-based plastics: quantitatively effects of chemical addition in cultivation media on biodegradation efficiency. Biodegradation 2022; 33:1-16. [PMID: 35025000 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-021-09969-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum-based plastics (PBP) with different properties have been developed to suit various needs of modern lives. Nevertheless, these well-developed properties also present the double-edged sword effect that significantly threatens the sustainability of the environment. This work focuses on the impact of microbial cultivating conditions (the elementary compositions and temperature) to provide insightful information for the process optimization of microbial degradation. The major elementary compositions in cultivation media and temperature from the literature were radically reviewed and assessed using the constructed supervised machine learning algorithm. Fifty-two literatures were collected as a training dataset to investigate the impact of major chemical elements and cultivation temperature upon PBP biodegradation. Among six singular parameters (NH4+, K+, PO43-, Mg2+, Ca2+, and temperature) and thirty corresponding binary parameters, four singular (NH4+, K+, PO43-, and Mg2+) and six binary parameters (NH4+/K+, NH4+/PO43-, NH4+/Ca2+, K+/PO43-, PO43-/Mg2+, Mg2+/Temp) were identified as statistically significant towards microbial degradation through analysis of variance (ANOVA). The binary effect (PO43-/Mg2+) is found to be the most statistically significant towards the microbial degradation of PBP. The concentration range, which locates at 0.1-0.6 g/L for Mg2+ and 0-2.8 g/L for PO43-, was identified to contribute to the maximum PBP biodegradation. Among all the investigated elements, Mg2+ is the only element that is statistically and significantly associated with the variations of cultivation temperature. The optimal preparation conditions within ± 20% uncertainties based upon the range of collected literature reports are recommended. Five representative cultivation elementary compositions (NH4+, K+, PO43-, Mg2+, and Ca2+) and temperature were reviewed from fifty two different literature reports to investigate their impacts on the microbial degradation of PBP using supervised machine learning algorithm. The optimal cultivation conditions based upon collected literature reports to achieve biodegradation over 80% were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo, Ningbo, 315100, China. .,School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia.
| | - Jing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Abubakar Yusuf
- Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Yixiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Huan Jin
- School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham Ningbo, Ningbo, 15100, China.
| | - Xiyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbonaceous Wastes Processing and Process Intensification of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Yiyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University College London (UCL), 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Yunshan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Cleaner Hydrometallurgical Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Gang Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Cleaner Hydrometallurgical Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo, Ningbo, 315100, China. .,Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute, Ningbo, 315021, China.
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15
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Kotova IB, Taktarova YV, Tsavkelova EA, Egorova MA, Bubnov IA, Malakhova DV, Shirinkina LI, Sokolova TG, Bonch-Osmolovskaya EA. Microbial Degradation of Plastics and Approaches to Make it More Efficient. Microbiology (Reading) 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261721060084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract—
The growing worldwide production of synthetic plastics leads to increased amounts of plastic pollution. Even though microbial degradation of plastics is known to be a very slow process, this capacity has been found in many bacteria, including invertebrate symbionts, and microscopic fungi. Research in this field has been mostly focused on microbial degradation of polyethylene, polystyrene, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Quite an arsenal of different methods is available today for detecting processes of plastic degradation and measuring their rates. Given the lack of generally accepted protocols, it is difficult to compare results presented by different authors. PET degradation by recombinant hydrolases from thermophilic actinobacteria happens to be the most efficient among the currently known plastic degradation processes. Various approaches to accelerating microbial plastic degradation are also discussed.
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16
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Khan MS, Dhavan PP, Ratna D, Sonawane SS, Shimpi NG. LDPE
:
PLA
and
LDPE
:
PLA
:OMMT polymer composites: Preparation, characterization, and its biodegradation using Bacillus species isolated from dumping yard. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mujahid S. Khan
- Laboratory for Material Sciences, Department of Chemistry University of Mumbai Mumbai India
| | | | - Debdatta Ratna
- Naval Materials Research Laboratory, DRDO Ambernath India
| | - Shriram S. Sonawane
- Department of Chemical Engineering Visvesvaraya Institute of Chemical Technology Nagpur India
| | - Navinchandra G. Shimpi
- Laboratory for Material Sciences, Department of Chemistry University of Mumbai Mumbai India
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17
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Satti SM, Castro-Aguirre E, Shah AA, Marsh TL, Auras R. Genome Annotation of Poly(lactic acid) Degrading Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Sphingobacterium sp. and Geobacillus sp. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147385. [PMID: 34299026 PMCID: PMC8305213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Sphingobacterium sp. are well known for their ability to decontaminate many environmental pollutants while Geobacillus sp. have been exploited for their thermostable enzymes. This study reports the annotation of genomes of P. aeruginosa S3, Sphingobacterium S2 and Geobacillus EC-3 that were isolated from compost, based on their ability to degrade poly(lactic acid), PLA. Draft genomes of the strains were assembled from Illumina reads, annotated and viewed with the aim of gaining insight into the genetic elements involved in degradation of PLA. The draft genome of Sphinogobacterium strain S2 (435 contigs) was estimated at 5,604,691 bp and the draft genome of P. aeruginosa strain S3 (303 contigs) was estimated at 6,631,638 bp. The draft genome of the thermophile Geobacillus strain EC-3 (111 contigs) was estimated at 3,397,712 bp. A total of 5385 (60% with annotation), 6437 (80% with annotation) and 3790 (74% with annotation) protein-coding genes were predicted for strains S2, S3 and EC-3, respectively. Catabolic genes for the biodegradation of xenobiotics, aromatic compounds and lactic acid as well as the genes attributable to the establishment and regulation of biofilm were identified in all three draft genomes. Our results reveal essential genetic elements that facilitate PLA metabolism at mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures in these three isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Mehmood Satti
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (S.M.S.); (A.A.S.)
- School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1223, USA;
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Shamasabad, Muree Road, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Edgar Castro-Aguirre
- School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1223, USA;
- Kraft Heinz Company, Glenview, IL 60025-4312, USA
| | - Aamer Ali Shah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (S.M.S.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Terence L. Marsh
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1223, USA
- Correspondence: (T.L.M.); (R.A.)
| | - Rafael Auras
- School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1223, USA;
- Correspondence: (T.L.M.); (R.A.)
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18
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Mbarki K, Fersi M, Louati I, Elleuch B, Sayari A. Biodegradation study of PDLA/cellulose microfibres biocomposites by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:731-742. [PMID: 31304884 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1643926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic biodegradation of biocomposites has been studied in both solid and liquid media. The research was concentrated on the biodegradation under aerobic and mesophilic conditions using poly-d-lactic acid (PDLA) and PDLA/cellulose microfibres (CMFs) samples as the sole carbon source. To determine the efficiency of the biodegradation, quantitative (mass variations, optical density (OD)) and qualitative (FTIR, NMR and SEM) analyses have been used to follow the polymer changes after degradation. The weight loss and OD of the biocomposites samples PDLA/CMFs were slower than that of pristine PDLA. The PDLA displayed the most important loss of weight (7.09%, 8.95%) compared to its initial weight and the lowest weight loss was detected in PDLA/CMF300 (1.04%, 2.19%) in solid and liquid mediums respectively. Also, the OD value of PDLA was increased from the seven days (0.381) to the last day (0.969). It appears that the major rate-determining factor affecting material degradation was its crystallinity without or with minimal assistance from abiotic factor because crystalline phases inhibit the diffusion of small water molecules. Otherwise, the Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from Mediterranean soil has been found to be a novel candidate to biodegrade PDLA under mesophilic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Mbarki
- Laboratory of Environmental Engineering and EcoTechnology (LGEET), National School of Engineering of Sfax (ENIS), Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Fersi
- Unité de Biotechnologie des Algues, National School of Engineers of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ibtihel Louati
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, National School of Engineers of Sfax, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Boubaker Elleuch
- Laboratory of Environmental Engineering and EcoTechnology (LGEET), National School of Engineering of Sfax (ENIS), Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Adel Sayari
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, National School of Engineering of Sfax (ENIS), Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
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19
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Mohanan N, Montazer Z, Sharma PK, Levin DB. Microbial and Enzymatic Degradation of Synthetic Plastics. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:580709. [PMID: 33324366 PMCID: PMC7726165 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.580709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic plastics are pivotal in our current lifestyle and therefore, its accumulation is a major concern for environment and human health. Petroleum-derived (petro-)polymers such as polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyurethane (PU), polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are extremely recalcitrant to natural biodegradation pathways. Some microorganisms with the ability to degrade petro-polymers under in vitro conditions have been isolated and characterized. In some cases, the enzymes expressed by these microbes have been cloned and sequenced. The rate of polymer biodegradation depends on several factors including chemical structures, molecular weights, and degrees of crystallinity. Polymers are large molecules having both regular crystals (crystalline region) and irregular groups (amorphous region), where the latter provides polymers with flexibility. Highly crystalline polymers like polyethylene (95%), are rigid with a low capacity to resist impacts. PET-based plastics possess a high degree of crystallinity (30-50%), which is one of the principal reasons for their low rate of microbial degradation, which is projected to take more than 50 years for complete degraded in the natural environment, and hundreds of years if discarded into the oceans, due to their lower temperature and oxygen availability. The enzymatic degradation occurs in two stages: adsorption of enzymes on the polymer surface, followed by hydro-peroxidation/hydrolysis of the bonds. The sources of plastic-degrading enzymes can be found in microorganisms from various environments as well as digestive intestine of some invertebrates. Microbial and enzymatic degradation of waste petro-plastics is a promising strategy for depolymerization of waste petro-plastics into polymer monomers for recycling, or to covert waste plastics into higher value bioproducts, such as biodegradable polymers via mineralization. The objective of this review is to outline the advances made in the microbial degradation of synthetic plastics and, overview the enzymes involved in biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Mohanan
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Zahra Montazer
- Faculty of Food Engineering, The Educational Complex of Agriculture and Animal Science, Torbat-e-jam, Iran
| | - Parveen K. Sharma
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - David B. Levin
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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20
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Kim HR, Lee HM, Yu HC, Jeon E, Lee S, Li J, Kim DH. Biodegradation of Polystyrene by Pseudomonas sp. Isolated from the Gut of Superworms (Larvae of Zophobas atratus). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:6987-6996. [PMID: 32374590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recently, various attempts have been made to solve plastic waste problems, such as development of biodegradation without producing pollution. Polystyrene (PS) is the fifth most used plastic in many industries; therefore, degrading PS becomes a critical global issue. Here, we reported Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain DSM 50071, initially isolated from the gut of the superworms, Zophobas atratus, and the PS degradation by Pseudomonas sp. DSM 50071. We examined PS degradation using electronic microscopy and measured changes in atomic composition and contact angles with water droplets on the PS surface that represents a chemical change from hydrophobicity to hydrophilicity. We have further examined chemical structural changes using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier-transform-infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to confirm the formation of carbonyl groups (C═O) in the oxidation pathway during PS biodegradation. In reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, the gene expression level of serine hydrolase (SH) in Pseudomonas sp. DSM 50071 was highly increased during PS degradation, and the enzyme-mediated biodegradation of PS was further confirmed by the SH inhibitor treatment test. Thus, the significance of these findings goes beyond the discovery of a novel function of Pseudomonas sp. DSM 50071 in the gut of superworms, highlighting a potential solution for PS biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Rae Kim
- School of Undergraduate Studies, College of Transdisciplinary Studies, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Min Lee
- School of Undergraduate Studies, College of Transdisciplinary Studies, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Cheol Yu
- School of Undergraduate Studies, College of Transdisciplinary Studies, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbeen Jeon
- School of Undergraduate Studies, College of Transdisciplinary Studies, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukkyoo Lee
- School of Undergraduate Studies, College of Transdisciplinary Studies, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiaojie Li
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hwan Kim
- School of Undergraduate Studies, College of Transdisciplinary Studies, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
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21
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Yuan J, Ma J, Sun Y, Zhou T, Zhao Y, Yu F. Microbial degradation and other environmental aspects of microplastics/plastics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 715:136968. [PMID: 32014782 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) pollution is a significant environmental concern due to the persistence of MPs and their potential adverse effects on biota. Most scientific studies have examined the distribution, ingestion, fate, behavior, amount, and effect of MPs. However, few studies have described the development of methods for the removal and remediation of MPs. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the recent literature regarding the microbial-mediated degradation of MPs and discuss the associated degradation characteristics and mechanisms. Different types and combinations of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, bacterial consortia, and biofilms, that can degrade different MPs are categorized. This article summarizes approximately 50 recent papers. Twelve and 6 papers reported that bacteria and fungi, respectively, can degrade MPs. Nine articles indicated that bacterial consortia have the ability to degrade MPs, and 6 articles found that biofilms can also utilize MPs. Furthermore, to evaluate their associated degradation effects, the corresponding structural changes (i.e., macro size, surface morphology, and functional groups) in MPs after microbial degradation are examined. In addition, MP biodegradation is affected by microbial characteristics and environmental factors; therefore, the environmental factors (i.e., temperature, pH and strain activity) influencing MP degradation and the associated degradation effects (i.e., weight loss, degradation rate, and molecular weight change) are generalized. Furthermore, the mechanisms associated with the microbial-mediated degradation of MPs are briefly discussed. Finally, prospects for the degradation of MPs using microbes and future research directions are envisioned. This review provides the first systematic summary of the microbial-mediated degradation of MPs and provides a reference for future studies investigating effective means of MP pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Yuan
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China; Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, PR China
| | - Jie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Research Center for Environmental Functional Materials, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yiran Sun
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Youcai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Fei Yu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, PR China.
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22
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Xu J, Cui Z, Nie K, Cao H, Jiang M, Xu H, Tan T, Liu L. A Quantum Mechanism Study of the C-C Bond Cleavage to Predict the Bio-Catalytic Polyethylene Degradation. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:489. [PMID: 30915061 PMCID: PMC6422906 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing amount of plastic solid waste (PSW) is a global concern. Despite increasing efforts to reduce the residual amounts of PSW to be disposed off through segregated collection and recycling, a considerable amount of PSW is still landfilled and the extent of PSW ocean pollution has become a worldwide issue. Particularly, polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS) are considered as notably recalcitrant to biodegradation due to the carbon-carbon backbone that is highly resistant to enzymatic degradation via oxidative reactions. The present research investigated the catalytic mechanism of P450 monooxygenases by quantum mechanics to determine the bio-catalytic degradation of PE or PS. The findings indicated that the oxygenase-induced free radical transition caused the carbon-carbon backbone cleavage of aliphatic compounds. This work provides a fundamental knowledge of the biodegradation process of PE or PS at the atomic level and facilitates predicting the pathway of plastics’ biodegradation by microbial enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ziheng Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Kaili Nie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Cao
- Laboratory of Biomanufacturing and Food Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Haijun Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Luo Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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23
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Satti SM, Shah AA, Auras R, Marsh TL. Isolation and characterization of bacteria capable of degrading poly(lactic acid) at ambient temperature. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Ho BT, Roberts TK, Lucas S. An overview on biodegradation of polystyrene and modified polystyrene: the microbial approach. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 38:308-320. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1355293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ba Thanh Ho
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Timothy K. Roberts
- The Tom Farrell Institute for The Environment, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Steven Lucas
- The Tom Farrell Institute for The Environment, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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25
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Shimpi NG, Borane M, Mishra S. TiO2/polystyrene core–shell nanoparticles as fillers for LLDPE/PLA blend: development, and morphological, thermal and mechanical properties. Polym Bull (Berl) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-016-1640-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Shimpi N, Borane M, Mishra S, Kadam M, Sonawane SS. Biodegradation of Isotactic Polypropylene (iPP)/Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and iPP/PLA/Nano Calcium Carbonates Using Phanerochaete chrysosporium. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Navinchandra Shimpi
- Department of Chemistry; University of Mumbai, Santacruz (E); Mumbai 400 098 India
| | - Mahesh Borane
- University Institute of Chemical Technology; North Maharashtra University; Jalgaon 425 001 India
| | - Satyendra Mishra
- University Institute of Chemical Technology; North Maharashtra University; Jalgaon 425 001 India
| | - Meghraj Kadam
- University Institute of Chemical Technology; North Maharashtra University; Jalgaon 425 001 India
| | - S. S. Sonawane
- Visvesvarya National Institute of Technology; Nagpur M.S India
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Mali AD, Shimpi NG, Mishra S. Thermal, mechanical and morphological properties of surface-modified montmorillonite-reinforced Viton rubber nanocomposites. POLYM INT 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ananda D Mali
- University Institute of Chemical Technology; North Maharashtra University; Jalgaon - 425 001 MS India
| | - Navinchandra G Shimpi
- University Institute of Chemical Technology; North Maharashtra University; Jalgaon - 425 001 MS India
| | - Satyendra Mishra
- University Institute of Chemical Technology; North Maharashtra University; Jalgaon - 425 001 MS India
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Mishra S, Shimpi NG, Mali AD. Effect of surface modified montmorillonite on photo-oxidative degradation of silicone rubber composites. Macromol Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-013-1035-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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