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Wan P, Pan P, Sun B, Li Y. Editorial: The role of inflammasome in viral infection, volume II. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1438310. [PMID: 38933692 PMCID: PMC11199776 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1438310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pin Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Pan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control, Jinan University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binlian Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongkui Li
- Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control, Jinan University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Xiao F, Jia Y, Zhang S, Liu N, Zhang X, Wang T, Qiao J, Yang G, Che X, Chen K, Pan P, Zhou L, Sun B, Chen J, Wan P. SLC25A3 negatively regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation by restricting the function of NLRP3. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107233. [PMID: 38552738 PMCID: PMC11067542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The NACHT, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domains-containing protein 3 (collectively known as NLRP3) inflammasome activation plays a critical role in innate immune and pathogenic microorganism infections. However, excessive activation of NLRP3 inflammasome will lead to cellular inflammation and tissue damage, and naturally it must be precisely controlled in the host. Here, we discovered that solute carrier family 25 member 3 (SLC25A3), a mitochondrial phosphate carrier protein, plays an important role in negatively regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation. We found that SLC25A3 could interact with NLRP3, overexpression of SLC25A3 and knockdown of SLC25A3 could regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and the interaction of NLRP3 and SLC25A3 is significantly boosted in the mitochondria when the NLRP3 inflammasome is activated. Our detailed investigation demonstrated that the interaction between NLRP3 and SLC25A3 disrupted the interaction of NLRP3-NEK7, promoted ubiquitination of NLRP3, and negatively regulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Thus, these findings uncovered a new regulatory mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which provides a new perspective for the therapy of NLRP3 inflammasome-associated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Luohu Hospital Group), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaling Jia
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Simeng Zhang
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, China
| | - Nanfang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuelong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianci Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jialu Qiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ge Yang
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, China
| | - Xu Che
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, China
| | - Keli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Pan
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingli Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Luohu Hospital Group), Shenzhen, China
| | - Binlian Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Pin Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China; Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, China.
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Tang S, Geng Y, Wang Y, Lin Q, Yu Y, Li H. The roles of ubiquitination and deubiquitination of NLRP3 inflammasome in inflammation-related diseases: A review. BIOMOLECULES & BIOMEDICINE 2024; 24:708-721. [PMID: 38193803 PMCID: PMC11293225 DOI: 10.17305/bb.2023.9997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The inflammatory response is a natural immune response that prevents microbial invasion and repairs damaged tissues. However, excessive inflammatory responses can lead to various inflammation-related diseases, posing a significant threat to human health. The NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a vital mediator in the activation of the inflammatory cascade. Targeting the hyperactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome may offer potential strategies for the prevention or treatment of inflammation-related diseases. It has been established that the ubiquitination and deubiquitination modifications of the NLRP3 inflammasome can provide protective effects in inflammation-related diseases. These modifications modulate several pathological processes, including excessive inflammatory responses, pyroptosis, abnormal autophagy, proliferation disorders, and oxidative stress damage. Therefore, this review discusses the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by ubiquitination and deubiquitination modifications, explores the role of these modifications in inflammation-related diseases, and examines the potential underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaokai Tang
- School of Physical Education, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yuanwen Geng
- School of Physical Education, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yawei Wang
- School of Public Administration, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Qinqin Lin
- School of Physical Education, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
- School of Public Administration, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Yirong Yu
- School of Physical Education, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Hao Li
- School of Physical Education, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
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Panbhare K, Pandey R, Chauhan C, Sinha A, Shukla R, Kaundal RK. Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Stroke Pathobiology: Current Therapeutic Avenues and Future Perspective. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:31-55. [PMID: 38118278 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a key pathophysiological feature of stroke-associated brain injury. A local innate immune response triggers neuroinflammation following a stroke via activating inflammasomes. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been heavily implicated in stroke pathobiology. Following a stroke, several stimuli have been suggested to trigger the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Recent studies have advanced the understanding and revealed several new players regulating NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation. This article discussed recent advancements in NLRP3 assembly and highlighted stroke-induced mitochondrial dysfunction as a major checkpoint to regulating NLRP3 activation. The NLRP3 inflammasome activation leads to caspase-1-dependent maturation and release of IL-1β, IL-18, and gasdermin D. In addition, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and downstream signaling has been shown to attenuate brain infarction and improve the neurological outcome in experimental models of stroke. Several drug-like small molecules targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome are in different phases of development as novel therapeutics for various inflammatory conditions, including stroke. Understanding how these molecules interfere with NLRP3 inflammasome assembly is paramount for their better optimization and/or development of newer NLRP3 inhibitors. In this review, we summarized the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome and discussed the recent advances in understanding the upstream regulators of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation following stroke. Additionally, we critically examined the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated signaling in stroke pathophysiology and the development of therapeutic modalities to target the NLRP3 inflammasome-related signaling for stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Panbhare
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, UP 226002, India
| | - Rukmani Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetics of Neurodegeneration, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Chandan Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, UP 226002, India
| | - Antarip Sinha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, UP 226002, India
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Lucknow, UP 226002, India
| | - Ravinder K Kaundal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, UP 226002, India
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Liu Y, Sheng X, Tang X, Xing J, Chi H, Zhan W. Genome-wide identification, phylogenetic relationships and expression patterns of the NOD-like receptor (NLR) gene family in flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:109083. [PMID: 37722442 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are one of the pattern recognition receptors which have been widely known for identifying pathogens and regulating innate immunity in mammals, but the functions of the NLR gene family in teleost fish remain poorly understood. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive identification and analysis of the flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) NLR gene family, including bioinformatics information, evolutionary relationships, gene structures, conserved motifs, domain composition, expression patterns and protein-protein interaction (PPI). We identified 22 NLRs in flounder (flNLRs) which were clustered into three subfamilies according to their domain organizations and phylogenetic features, i.e., NLR-A (6 members) resembling mammalian NODs, NLR-B (1 member) resembling mammalian NLRPs, and NLR-C (15 members) unique to teleost fish. All flNLRs shared a conserved NACHT domain including an N-terminal nucleotide-binding domain, a middle helical domain 1, and a winged helix domain. Gene structure analysis displayed that flNLRs were significantly different, with exon numbers from 1 to 52. Conserved domain analysis showed that the N-terminus of flNLRs possessed different characteristics of the domains including CARD domain, PYRIN domain, RING domain, and fish-specific FISNA domain, and the C-terminus of seven NLR-C members contained an extra B30.2 domain, named NLRC-B30.2 group. Notably, flNLRs were expressed in all nine tested tissues, showing higher expressions in the systemic and mucosal immune tissues (e.g., kidney, spleen, hindgut, gills, skin, liver) in healthy flounder, and significant responses to intraperitoneal injection and immersion immunization of inactivated Vibrio anguillarum in mucosal tissues, especially the NLR-C members. In addition, PPI analysis demonstrated that some flNLRs of NLR-A and NLR-C shared the same interacting proteins such as RIPK2, TRAF6, MAVS, CASP, ASC, and ATG5, suggesting they might play crucial roles in host defense, antiviral innate immunity, inflammation, apoptosis and autophagy. This study for the first time characterized the NLR gene family of flounder at the genome-wide level, and the results provided a better understanding of the evolution of the NLR gene family and their immune functions in innate immunity in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqin Liu
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Heng Chi
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, KLMME, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
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Shen Y, Gong Z, Zhang S, Cao J, Mao W, Yao Y, Zhao J, Li Q, Liu K, Liu B, Feng S. Besides TLR2 and TLR4, NLRP3 is also involved in regulating Escherichia coli infection-induced inflammatory responses in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110556. [PMID: 37364329 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The host Toll-like Receptor-2 (TLR2) and Toll-like Receptor-4 (TLR4) play critical roles in defense against Escherichia coli (E. coli) infection is well-known. The NLR pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is also an important candidate during the host-recognized pathogen, while the roles of NLRP3 in the host inflammatory response to E. coli infection remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the roles of NLRP3 in regulating the inflammatory response in E. coli infection-induced mice. Our result indicated that compared to wild-type mice, the TLR2-deficient (TLR2-/-), TLR4-deficient (TLR4-/-), and NLRP3-deficient (NLRP3-/-) mice had significant decrease in liver damage after stimulation with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 1 μg/mL), Braun lipoprotein (BLP, 1 μg/mL), or infected by WT E. coli (1 × 107 CFU, MOI 5:1). Meanwhile, compared with wild-type mice, the TNF-α and IL-1β production in serum decreased in TLR2-/-, TLR4-/-, and NLRP3-/- mice after LPS, BLP treatment, or WT E. coli infection. In macrophages from NLRP3-/- mice showed significantly reduced secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β in response to stimulation with LPS, BLP, or WT E. coli infection compared with macrophages from wild-type mice. These results indicate that besides TLR2 and TLR4, NLRP3 also plays a critical role in host inflammatory responses to defense against E. coli infection, and might provide a therapeutic target in combating disease with bacterium infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 5, Xinhua Street, Hui Min District, 010000, Hohhot City, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011, Hohhot City, China
| | - Zhiguo Gong
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011, Hohhot City, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011, Hohhot City, China
| | - Shuangyi Zhang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011, Hohhot City, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011, Hohhot City, China
| | - Jinshan Cao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011, Hohhot City, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011, Hohhot City, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011, Hohhot City, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011, Hohhot City, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Neurology, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, No. 20, Zhaowuda Road, Saihan District, 010017, Hohhot City, China
| | - Jiamin Zhao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011, Hohhot City, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011, Hohhot City, China
| | - Qianru Li
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011, Hohhot City, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011, Hohhot City, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Chronic Diseases, School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 5, Xinhua Street, Hui Min District, 010000, Hohhot City, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011, Hohhot City, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011, Hohhot City, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011, Hohhot City, China.
| | - Shuang Feng
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011, Hohhot City, China; Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, No. 29, Erdosdong Road, Saihan District, 010011, Hohhot City, China.
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Shi S, Zhang C, Liu J. TIMP2 facilitates CIRI through activating NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:3635-3643. [PMID: 37178321 PMCID: PMC10449283 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) in mice using CIR and hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) cell models. The study evaluated brain tissue weight, pathological injury, and changes in the expression levels of TIMP2, p-ERK1/2 and NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis-related proteins in brain tissues and hippocampal neurons of CIR mice using established methods such as dry/wet weight measurement, HE staining, qPCR, TUNEL assay, and Western blotting. The results demonstrated a significant increase in brain water content and neuronal apoptosis rate in the experimental groups compared with those in the control group. In particular, the I/R+TIMP2 group showed the highest increase. Additionally, the control group exhibited a clear brain tissue structure, neatly and densely arranged cells with normal morphology, and evenly stained and clear hippocampal tissues. However, the I/R group showed hippocampal structure disorders, interstitial edema, deep nuclear staining, karyopyknosis, and karyorrhexis in brain tissues. The study results further revealed that TIMP2 could aggravate the pathological damage of brain tissues in the I/R+TIMP2 group compared with the I/R group and significantly reduced it in the TIMP2-KD group. Furthermore, the Western blotting results demonstrated that the protein expression levels of TIMP2, p-ERK1/2, t-ERK1/2, NLRP3, IL-1β, IL-18, GSDMD, Caspase-1, and ASC in brain tissues and hippocampal neurons were significantly higher in the experimental groups than those in the control group. The I/R+TIMP2 group displaying the highest increase and the TIMP2-KD group showing a significant decrease. In conclusion, TIMP2 can contribute to the occurrence and progression of CIRI by activating NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyong Shi
- Department of Prehospital Emergency Care, Qinhuangdao First Hospital, Qinhuangdao 066000, China
| | - Chongyang Zhang
- Department of Prehospital Emergency Care, Qinhuangdao First Hospital, Qinhuangdao 066000, China
| | - Jiaxiang Liu
- Department of Prehospital Emergency Care, Qinhuangdao First Hospital, Qinhuangdao 066000, China
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Yu Q, Shi H, Ding Z, Wang Z, Yao H, Lin R. The E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM31 attenuates NLRP3 inflammasome activation in Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis by regulating ROS and autophagy. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:1. [PMID: 36597090 PMCID: PMC9809066 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00954-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The NLRP3 inflammasome activation is the molecular basis of Helicobacter pylori (Hp)-associated gastritis. Tripartite motif (TRIM) 31 is involved in diverse pathological events. However, whether TRIM31 plays a role in the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in Hp infection is not clarified. METHODS A mouse model of chronic Hp infection was established, and the gastric tissues were subjected to the polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, histopathological analysis, and RNA sequencing. The mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS in the human gastric epithelium GES-1 cells with or without Hp infection were measured by flow cytometry. GES-1 cells with or without TRIM31 knockdown were transfected with mCherry-EGFP-LC3 adenovirus. After rapamycin and bafilomycin A1 stimulation, autophagy flux in the above primed GES-1 cells was assessed by laser confocal microscope. Lysosomal acidification and expression levels of cathepsin B and cathepsin D in GES-1 cells with Hp infection were measured. RESULTS NLRP3 inflammasome was activated in the gastric tissues of mice with chronic Hp infection in vivo and the GES-1 cells with Hp infection in vitro. TRIM31 was downregulated in Hp infection. TRIM31 negatively regulated the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Enhanced ROS, impaired autophagy flux, and decreased expression of lysosomal cathepsin B and cathepsin D were observed in TRIM31-deficient GES-1 cells with Hp infection. In turn, inhibition of ROS led to the decreased expression of NLRP3 inflammasome. CONCLUSIONS Together, our data identified that TRIM31 negatively regulated the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in Hp-associated gastritis by affecting ROS and autophagy of gastric epithelial cells. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Yu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Huiying Shi
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Zhen Ding
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Zhe Wang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Hailing Yao
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Rong Lin
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
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AIM2 and NLRC4-driven inflammasome activation in adult-onset Still’s disease and the preliminary therapeutic effect exploration of carboxyamidotriazole. Clin Rheumatol 2022; 42:1635-1643. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-022-06443-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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NLRP3 Inflammasome/Pyroptosis: A Key Driving Force in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810632. [PMID: 36142531 PMCID: PMC9501057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), a serious diabetic complication, is a kind of low-grade inflammatory cardiovascular disorder. Due to the high risk of morbidity and mortality, DCM has demanded the attention of medical researchers worldwide. The pathophysiological nature of DCM is intricate, and the genesis and development of which are a consequence of the coaction of many factors. However, the exact pathogenesis mechanism of DCM remains unclear. Pyroptosis is a newly identified programmed cell death (PCD) that is directly related to gasdermin D(GSDMD). It is characterized by pore formation on the cell plasma membrane, the release of inflammatory mediators, and cell lysis. The initiation of pyroptosis is closely correlated with NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) activation, which activates caspase-1 and promotes the cleaving of GSDMD. In addition to adjusting the host’s immune defense, NLRP3 inflammasome/pyroptosis plays a critical role in controlling the systemic inflammatory response. Recent evidence has indicated that NLRP3 inflammasome/pyroptosis has a strong link with DCM. Targeting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome or pyroptosis may be a hopeful therapeutic strategy for DCM. The focus of this review is to summarize the relevant mechanisms of pyroptosis and the relative contributions in DCM, highlighting the potential therapeutic targets in this field.
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A Probe into the Intervention Mechanism of Yiqi Huayu Jiedu Decoction on TLR4/NLRP3 Signal Pathway in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3051797. [PMID: 35222667 PMCID: PMC8881149 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3051797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background This study discusses the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Yiqi Huayu Jiedu decoction (YQHYJD) and studies the intervening effect of YQHYJD on the inflammatory cytokines in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) rats by inhibiting the TLR4/NLRP3 signal pathway. The aim of the probe is to provide evidence to support the identification of therapeutic targets in Chinese medicine treatment, which broadens the alternatives for the treatment of ARDS. Method A lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ARDS model group is established on rats by tail vein injection. A medicine group is established on ARDS rats by prophylactic administration using YQHYJD. Materials are collected, and tests are conducted according to experimental processes. Result The rats in the medicine group gained weight compared with those in the ARDS model group. Pathological sections from the medicine group indicated improved condition in terms of pulmonary and interstitial edema in the lung tissues of rats compared with that from the ARDS model group. The percentage of neutrophil of the medicine group was significantly brought down compared with that of the ARDS model group (P < 0.001). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the changes in the level of inflammatory cytokines. It was observed that the levels of IL-1β and IL-18 in serum of the medicine group significantly decreased (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01), the contents of TLR4 and NLRP3 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of the medicine group decreased, and the contents of TLR4 and NLRP3 in lung tissue homogenate of the medicine group significantly decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.001, P < 0.01, and P < 0.05). In further mass spectrum identification of the proteins from the same animal groups, it was observed that the expressions of inflammatory proteins TNFRSF1, LBP, and NOS2 of the medicine group were reduced. The differences were statistically significant. Conclusions The pharmacological action of YQHYJD's anti-inflammatory mechanism is closely associated with the regulation of inflammatory cytokines TLR4, NLRP3, IL-1β, IL-18, TNFRSF1, LBP, and NOS2 on the TLR4/NLRP3 signal pathway.
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Ozeki A, Oogaki Y, Henmi Y, Karasawa T, Takahashi M, Takahashi H, Ohkuchi A, Shirasuna K. Elevated S100A9 in preeclampsia induces soluble endoglin and IL-1β secretion and hypertension via the NLRP3 inflammasome. J Hypertens 2022; 40:84-93. [PMID: 34412079 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Maternal systemic and placental inflammatory responses participate in the pathogenesis of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy including preeclampsia, a pregnancy-specific syndrome, although the role of inflammation remains unclear. The NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in the control of sterile inflammation involved in preeclampsia. In the present study, we hypothesized that S100A9, as major alarmin, are associated with the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and induction of a preeclampsia-like phenotype in pregnant mice. METHODS Plasma were taken from normal pregnant women and preeclampsia patients. Human placental tissues, trophoblast cell line Sw.71 cells, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were treated with S100A9 with or without inhibitors associated with NLRP3 inflammasome. Pregnant mice were administered S100A9. RESULTS S100A9 was elevated in plasma and released from placentas of preeclampsia patients. S100A9 activated the NLRP3 inflammasome, resulting in IL-1β secretion, by human placental tissues and trophoblasts. In addition, secretion of soluble endoglin, a main contributor to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, is regulated via S100A9-stimulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the human placenta and HUVECs. S100A9 administration significantly elevated maternal blood pressure and neutrophil accumulation within the placentas of pregnant mice, and both were significantly decreased in Nlrp3-knock out pregnant mice. CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrated that S100A9 acts as a danger signal to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in the placenta, associating with hypertension during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayae Ozeki
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa
| | - Yuka Oogaki
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa
| | - Yuka Henmi
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa
| | | | | | - Hironori Takahashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Akihide Ohkuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Koumei Shirasuna
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa
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Luo Z, Yang F, Hong S, Wang J, Chen B, Li L, Yang J, Yao Y, Yang C, Hu Y, Wang S, Xu T, Wu J. Role of microRNA alternation in the pathogenesis of gouty arthritis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:967769. [PMID: 36034424 PMCID: PMC9402903 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.967769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gouty arthritis is a common inflammatory disease. The condition is triggered by a disorder of uric acid metabolism, which causes urate deposition and gout flares. MicroRNAs are a class of conserved small non-coding RNAs that bind to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of mRNA and regulate the expression of a variety of proteins at the post-transcriptional level. In recent years, attention has been focused on the role of miRNAs in various inflammatory diseases, including gouty arthritis. It is thought that miRNAs may regulate immune function and inflammatory responses, thereby influencing the onset and progression of the disease. This article mainly reviewed the roles of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of gouty arthritis and prospected their potential as diagnostic and prognostic relevant biomarkers and as possible therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipan Luo
- The First Affifiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
- Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fan Yang
- The First Affifiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shaocheng Hong
- The First Affifiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jianpeng Wang
- The First Affifiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Bangjie Chen
- The First Affifiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Liangyun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
- Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Junfa Yang
- Institute of clinical pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Yao
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
- Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chenchen Yang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
- Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Hu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
- Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuxian Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
- Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
- Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Xu, ; Jun Wu,
| | - Jun Wu
- Geriatric Department, The First Affifiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Xu, ; Jun Wu,
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Cattaneo L, Mezzetti M, Lopreiato V, Piccioli-Cappelli F, Trevisi E, Minuti A. Gene network expression of whole blood leukocytes in dairy cows with different milk yield at dry-off. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260745. [PMID: 34882732 PMCID: PMC8659302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dairy cows at dry-off undergo several management and physiological changes, resulting in alterations in plasma biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune system. High milk yield at the end of lactation exacerbates these responses. The underlying mechanism of these changes has yet to be elucidated. We hypothesized altered leukocyte gene expression after dry-off and different responses in cows with different milk yield. Thirteen Holstein dairy cows were sampled at the turn of dry-off to investigated whole blood leukocyte gene expression and were grouped according to the average milk yield during the last week of lactation: low (< 15 kg/d) and high milk yield (> 15 kg/d). Blood samples were collected in PAXgene tubes (Preanalytix, Hombrechtikon, Switzerland) at -7, 7, and 34 days from dry-off (DFD) to measure mRNA abundance of 37 genes. Normalized gene abundance data were subjected to MIXED model ANOVA (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Compared with -7 DFD, at 7 DFD RNA abundance of lipoxygenase genes (ALOX5, ALOX15) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) increased, and that of the antioxidant gene (SOD2) decreased. Meanwhile, genes related to recognition and immune mediation (CD16, MYD88, TLR2), migration and cell adhesion (CX3CR1, ITGAL, ITGB2, TLN1), and the antimicrobial gene MMP9 were downregulated at 7 or 34 DFD, whereas the antimicrobial IDO1 gene was upregulated. Compared with low-producing cows, cows with high milk yield at dry-off cows had upregulated expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL8 and IL18 and a greater reduction in transcript abundance of the toll-like receptor (TLR) recognition-related gene TLR2. Overall, the dry-off confirmed to be a phase of intense changes, triggering an inflammatory response and somewhat suppressing leukocyte immune function. In cows with high milk yield during the week before dry-off, the inflammatory response was exacerbated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cattaneo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Research Center Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi for sustainable dairy production (CREI), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Matteo Mezzetti
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Research Center Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi for sustainable dairy production (CREI), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lopreiato
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Research Center Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi for sustainable dairy production (CREI), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Fiorenzo Piccioli-Cappelli
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Research Center Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi for sustainable dairy production (CREI), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Erminio Trevisi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Research Center Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi for sustainable dairy production (CREI), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrea Minuti
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition (DIANA), Research Center Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi for sustainable dairy production (CREI), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
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Das B, Sarkar C, Rawat VS, Kalita D, Deka S, Agnihotri A. Promise of the NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitors in In Vivo Disease Models. Molecules 2021; 26:4996. [PMID: 34443594 PMCID: PMC8399941 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are conserved cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that track the intracellular milieu for the existence of infection, disease-causing microbes, as well as metabolic distresses. The NLRP3 inflammasome agglomerates are consequent to sensing a wide spectrum of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Certain members of the NLR family have been documented to lump into multimolecular conglomerates called inflammasomes, which are inherently linked to stimulation of the cysteine protease caspase-1. Following activation, caspase-1 severs the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 to their biologically active forms, with consequent commencement of caspase-1-associated pyroptosis. This type of cell death by pyroptosis epitomizes a leading pathway of inflammation. Accumulating scientific documentation has recorded overstimulation of NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor protein 3) inflammasome involvement in a wide array of inflammatory conditions. IL-1β is an archetypic inflammatory cytokine implicated in multiple types of inflammatory maladies. Approaches to impede IL-1β's actions are possible, and their therapeutic effects have been clinically demonstrated; nevertheless, such strategies are associated with certain constraints. For instance, treatments that focus on systemically negating IL-1β (i.e., anakinra, rilonacept, and canakinumab) have been reported to result in an escalated peril of infections. Therefore, given the therapeutic promise of an NLRP3 inhibitor, the concerted escalated venture of the scientific sorority in the advancement of small molecules focusing on direct NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition is quite predictable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswadeep Das
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Virbhadra Road, Rishikesh 249203, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Chayna Sarkar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences (NEIGRIHMS), Mawdiangdiang, Shillong 793018, Meghalaya, India;
| | - Vikram Singh Rawat
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Virbhadra Road, Rishikesh 249203, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Deepjyoti Kalita
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Virbhadra Road, Rishikesh 249203, Uttarakhand, India; (D.K.); (S.D.)
| | - Sangeeta Deka
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Virbhadra Road, Rishikesh 249203, Uttarakhand, India; (D.K.); (S.D.)
| | - Akash Agnihotri
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Virbhadra Road, Rishikesh 249203, Uttarakhand, India;
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Xu Q, Zhao B, Ye Y, Li Y, Zhang Y, Xiong X, Gu L. Relevant mediators involved in and therapies targeting the inflammatory response induced by activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in ischemic stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:123. [PMID: 34059091 PMCID: PMC8166383 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a member of the NLR family of inherent immune cell sensors. The NLRP3 inflammasome can detect tissue damage and pathogen invasion through innate immune cell sensor components commonly known as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). PRRs promote activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, thus increasing the transcription of genes encoding proteins related to the NLRP3 inflammasome. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a complex with multiple components, including an NAIP, CIITA, HET-E, and TP1 (NACHT) domain; apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC); and a leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain. After ischemic stroke, the NLRP3 inflammasome can produce numerous proinflammatory cytokines, mediating nerve cell dysfunction and brain edema and ultimately leading to nerve cell death once activated. Ischemic stroke is a disease with high rates of mortality and disability worldwide and is being observed in increasingly younger populations. To date, there are no clearly effective therapeutic strategies for the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke. Understanding the NLRP3 inflammasome may provide novel ideas and approaches because targeting of upstream and downstream molecules in the NLRP3 pathway shows promise for ischemic stroke therapy. In this manuscript, we summarize the existing evidence regarding the composition and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, the molecules involved in inflammatory pathways, and corresponding drugs or molecules that exert effects after cerebral ischemia. This evidence may provide possible targets or new strategies for ischemic stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxue Xu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yingze Ye
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yina Li
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Lijuan Gu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Ni DX, Wang Q, Li YM, Cui YM, Shen TZ, Li XL, Sun HD, Zhang XJ, Zhang R, Xiao WL. Synthesis of nigranoic acid and manwuweizic acid derivatives as HDAC inhibitors and anti-inflammatory agents. Bioorg Chem 2021; 109:104728. [PMID: 33636436 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
As a successful anti-tumor drug target, the family of histone deacetylases (HDACs) is also a critical player in immune response, making the research of anti-inflammatory HDAC inhibitors an attractive new focus. In this report, triterpenoids nigranoic acid (NA) and manwuweizic acid (MA) were identified as HDAC inhibitors through docking-based virtual screening and enzymatic activity assay. A series of derivatives of NA and MA were synthesized and assessed for their biological effects. As a result, hydroxamic acid derivatives of NA and MA showed moderately increased activity for HDAC1/2/4/6 inhibition (the lowest IC50 against HDAC1 is 1.14 μM), with no activity against HDAC8. In J774A.1 macrophage, compound 1-3, 13 and 17-19 demonstrated inhibitory activity against lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and IL-1β production, without affecting cell viability. Compound 19 increased the histone acetylation level in J774A.1 cells, as well as inhibited IL-1β maturation and caspase-1 cleavage. These results indicated that compound 19 blocks the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, probably related to HDAC inhibition. This work provided a natural scaffold for developing low-cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory HDAC inhibitors, as well as a class of tool molecules for studying the relationship between HDACs and NLRP3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Xuan Ni
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Yi-Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Yi-Man Cui
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Tian-Ze Shen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China
| | - Xiao-Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China.
| | - Han-Dong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, PR China
| | - Xing-Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China.
| | - Ruihan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China.
| | - Wei-Lie Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Research & Development Center for Natural Products, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China.
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Li Y, Chu H, Zhao M, Li C, Guan Y, Guo C, Li Y, Wang Q, Shi Y, Zhu F, Zhang L. IL-37d Negatively Regulates NLRP3 Transcription via Receptor-mediated Pathway and Alleviates DSS-induced Colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:84-93. [PMID: 32582954 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-37 (IL-37) is a new negative immune regulator. It has 5 splicing forms, IL-37a-e, and most research mainly focuses on IL-37b functions in diverse diseases. Our previous research found that IL-37d inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in endotoxemia through a mechanism different from that of IL-37b. However, whether IL-37d plays a role in colitis and the underlying mechanisms is still obscure. Herein, we identified whether IL-37d regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activity and determined its effect on colitis. METHODS NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages from IL-37d transgenic (IL-37dtg) and control wild type (WT) mice were activated by lipopolysaccharide and adenosine 5'-triphosphate. The expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components and its downstream effector, IL-1β, were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and ELISA. The models of alum-induced peritonitis and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis were used to investigate the function of IL-37d on regulating the activity of NLRP3 inflammasome in vivo. RESULTS Our results showed that the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophage and alum-induced peritonitis was inhibited by IL-37d. Strikingly, IL-37d suppressed NLRP3 expression at the priming step via inhibiting NF-κB activation by transcriptional profiling. Moreover, the recombinant protein IL-37d attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the production of IL-1β, which could be reversed by IL-1R8 knockdown. Finally, IL-37d transgenic mice resisted DSS-induced acute colitis and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. CONCLUSION Interleukin-37d inhibits overactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome through regulating NLRP3 transcription in an IL-1R8 receptor-mediated signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Chu
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingsheng Zhao
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoze Li
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yetong Guan
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Guo
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyu Shi
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Faliang Zhu
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lining Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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Wang M, Liu Z, Hu S, Duan X, Zhang Y, Peng C, Peng D, Han L. Taohong Siwu Decoction Ameliorates Ischemic Stroke Injury Via Suppressing Pyroptosis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:590453. [PMID: 33424599 PMCID: PMC7793954 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.590453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Taohong Siwu decoction (THSWD) is one of the classic prescriptions for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, and it has a good therapeutic effect on ischemic stroke. We sought to explore the therapeutic effects of THSWD on pyroptosis in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion (MCAO/R). Methods: MCAO/R model of rats were established by suture-occluded method. MCAO/R rats were randomly divided into five groups, which were model group, nimodipine group, THSWD high, medium and low dose group (18, 9, and 4.5 g/kg, respectively), rats of sham group without thread embolus. All rats were treated by intragastric administration for 7 days. We detected the level of inflammatory factors. NLRP3 and Caspase-1 were detected by immunofluorescence. Western blot was used to detect NLRP3, Caspase-1, ASC, and GSDMD in penumbra. Also, the expression of TXNIP, HMGB1, toll-like receptors (TLR4), NF-κB, and MAPK were detected. Results: THSWD treatment improved the behavioral function and brain pathological damage. These results showed that the levels of TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-18 were significantly reduced in THSWD treatment groups. THSWD could significantly decrease the expression levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1, Caspase-1 p10, ASC, TXNIP, GSDMD, HMGB1, TLR4/NFκB, p38 MAPK, and JNK in penumbra. Conclusion: Our results showed that THSWD could reduce the activation level of NLRP3 inflammatory corpuscle, down-regulate GSDMD, and inhibit pyroptosis in MCAO/R rats. These may be affected by inhibiting HMGB1/TLR4/NFκB, MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wang
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Zhuqing Liu
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Shoushan Hu
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | | | | | - Can Peng
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Daiyin Peng
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Lan Han
- Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
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20
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He W, Sun J, Zhang Q, Li Y, Fu Y, Zheng Y, Jiang X. Andrographolide exerts anti-inflammatory effects in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages by regulating the Notch1/Akt/NF-κB axis. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:1747-1764. [PMID: 32991757 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ma1119-584rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a serious public health problem aggravated by the slow progress in the development of new anti-tuberculosis drugs. The hyper-reactive TB patients have suffered from chronic inflammation which could cause deleterious effects on their bodies. Therefore, it is imperative to develop an adjunctive therapy based on inflammatory modulation during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. The present study aims to investigate the immune regulatory effects of Andrographolide (Andro) on Mtb-infected macrophages and its underlying mechanisms. The results showed that Andro inhibits the production of IL-1β and other inflammatory cytokines in a dose-dependent manner. The down-regulation of IL-1β expression causes the declining expression of IL-8 and MCP-1 in lung epithelial cells which were co-cultured with Mtb-infected macrophages. The inhibition of the activation of NF-κB pathway, but not the inhibition of MAPK signaling pathway, accounts for the anti-inflammatory role of Andro. Further studies elucidated that Andro could evoke the activation of autophagy to degrade NLRP3, which ultimately inhibited inflammasome activation and subsequent IL-1β production. Finally, the relevant results demonstrated that Andro inhibited the Notch1 pathway to down-regulate the phosphorylation of Akt/mTOR and NF-κB p65 subunit. Taken together, Andro has been found to suppress the Notch1/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. Both Akt inhibition-induced autophagy and inhibition of the NF-κB pathway contributed to restraining the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent IL-1β production. Then, the decreased production of IL-1β influenced chemokine expression in lung epithelial cells. Based on these results, anti-inflammatory effect of Andro in TB infection is merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigang He
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Jinxia Sun
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China.,Department of Inspection and Quarantine, School of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, P.R. China
| | - Yinhong Li
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yan Fu
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yuejuan Zheng
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
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21
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Yang JW, Mao B, Tao RJ, Fan LC, Lu HW, Ge BX, Xu JF. Corticosteroids alleviate lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and lung injury via inhibiting NLRP3-inflammasome activation. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:12716-12725. [PMID: 32977368 PMCID: PMC7686976 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of corticosteroids in acute lung injury (ALI) remains uncertain. This study aims to determine the underlying mechanisms of corticosteroid treatment for lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and ALI. We used corticosteroid treatment for LPS-induced murine ALI model to investigate the effect of corticosteroid on ALI in vivo. Moreover, LPS-stimulated macrophages were used to explore the specific anti-inflammatory effects of corticosteroids on NLRP3-inflammasome in vitro. We found corticosteroids attenuated LPS-induced ALI, which manifested in reduction of the alveolar structure destruction, the infiltration of neutrophils and the inflammatory cytokines release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in Lung. In vitro, when NLRP3-inflammasome was knocked out, inflammatory response of caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion was obviously declined. Further exploration, our results showed that when corticosteroid preprocessed macrophages before LPS primed, it obviously inhibited the activation of caspase-1 and the maturation of IL-1β, which depended on inhibiting the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signal pathway activation. However, when corticosteroids intervened the LPS-primed macrophages, it also negatively regulated NLRP3-inflammasome activation through suppressing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production. Our results revealed that corticosteroids played a protection role in LPS-induced inflammation and ALI by suppressing both NF-κB signal pathway and mtROS-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Mao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru-Jia Tao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Chao Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Wen Lu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bao-Xue Ge
- Department of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Fu Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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22
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Zu SQ, Feng YB, Zhu CJ, Wu XS, Zhou RP, Li G, Dai BB, Wang ZS, Xie YY, Li Y, Ge JF, Chen FH. Acid-sensing ion channel 1a mediates acid-induced pyroptosis through calpain-2/calcineurin pathway in rat articular chondrocytes. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:2140-2152. [PMID: 32678496 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The pyroptosis is a causative agent of rheumatoid arthritis, a systemic autoimmune disease merged with degenerative articular cartilage. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism of extracellular acidosis on chondrocyte pyroptosis is largely unclear. Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) belong to an extracellular H+ -activated cation channel family. Accumulating evidence has highlighted activation of ASICs induced by extracellular acidosis upregulate calpain and calcineurin expression in arthritis. In the present study, to investigate the expression and the role of acid-sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a), calpain, calcineurin, and NLRP3 inflammasome proteins in regulating acid-induced articular chondrocyte pyroptosis, primary rat articular chondrocytes were subjected to different pH, different time, and different treatments with or without ASIC1a, calpain-2, and calcineurin, respectively. Initially, the research results showed that extracellular acidosis-induced the protein expression of ASIC1a in a pH- and time-dependent manner, and the messenger RNA and protein expressions of calpain, calcineurin, NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein, and caspase-1 were significantly increased in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, the inhibition of ASIC1a, calpain-2, or calcineurin, respectively, could decrease the cell death accompanied with the decreased interleukin-1β level, and the decreased expression of ASIC1a, calpain-2, calcineurin, and NLRP3 inflammasome proteins. Taken together, these results indicated the activation of ASIC1a induced by extracellular acidosis could trigger pyroptosis of rat articular chondrocytes, the mechanism of which might partly be involved with the activation of calpain-2/calcineurin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Qin Zu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yu-Bin Feng
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chuan-Jun Zhu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao-Shan Wu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ren-Peng Zhou
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ge Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bei-Bei Dai
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhi-Sen Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ya-Ya Xie
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yue Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jin-Fang Ge
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fei-Hu Chen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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23
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Velagic A, Qin C, Woodman OL, Horowitz JD, Ritchie RH, Kemp-Harper BK. Nitroxyl: A Novel Strategy to Circumvent Diabetes Associated Impairments in Nitric Oxide Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:727. [PMID: 32508651 PMCID: PMC7248192 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is associated with an increased mortality risk due to cardiovascular complications. Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress underlies these complications, leading to an impairment in endogenous nitric oxide (NO•) generation, together with reductions in NO• bioavailability and NO• responsiveness in the vasculature, platelets and myocardium. The latter impairment of responsiveness to NO•, termed NO• resistance, compromises the ability of traditional NO•-based therapeutics to improve hemodynamic status during diabetes-associated cardiovascular emergencies, such as acute myocardial infarction. Whilst a number of agents can ameliorate (e.g. angiotensin converting enzyme [ACE] inhibitors, perhexiline, statins and insulin) or circumvent (e.g. nitrite and sGC activators) NO• resistance, nitroxyl (HNO) donors offer a novel opportunity to circumvent NO• resistance in diabetes. With a suite of vasoprotective properties and an ability to enhance cardiac inotropic and lusitropic responses, coupled with preserved efficacy in the setting of oxidative stress, HNO donors have intact therapeutic potential in the face of diminished NO• signaling. This review explores the major mechanisms by which hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress drives NO• resistance, and the therapeutic potential of HNO donors to circumvent this to treat cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anida Velagic
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chengxue Qin
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Owen L. Woodman
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - John D. Horowitz
- Basil Hetzel Institute, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Rebecca H. Ritchie
- Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Barbara K. Kemp-Harper
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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24
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Peng Y, Chen J, Dai Y, Jiang Y, Qiu W, Gu Y, Wang H. NLRP3 level in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: Increased levels and association with disease severity. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 39:101888. [PMID: 31869599 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.101888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and MS are the most common autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the CNS. However, the mechanisms of pathogenesis are still unclear. nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), an important protein of the innate immune system that is activated by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), has been reported to be associated with various autoimmune disorders. OBJECTIVE To assess the levels of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NLRP3, mtDNA and inflammation-associated cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-17) in patients with NMOSD and MS, and to examine the correlations between these factors. METHODS 28 NMOSD patients, 15 MS patients, and 16 controls with non-inflammatory neurological diseases were recruited. NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-17 were measured by ELISA. CSF extracellular mtDNA was measured by qPCR. The severity of clinical presentation was evaluated by EDSS score. RESULTS CSF levels of NLRP3, mtDNA, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-17 were higher in NMOSD patients than in controls. Elevated CSF NLRP3, mtDNA and IL-6 were found in MS patients compared with controls. CSF NLRP3 and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in NMOSD patients than in MS patients. The EDSS scores of NMOSD patients during relapse were positively correlated with CSF NLRP3 and mtDNA. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that CSF levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome may serve as a diagnostic biomarker for distinguishing NMOSD and MS. Pyroptosis mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome following mitochondrial damage may play an important role in the pathogenesis of these neuroinflammatory disorders, especially NMOSD.
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25
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Zhang S, Wu S, Shen Y, Xiao Y, Gao L, Shi S. Cytotoxicity studies of Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles in chicken macrophage cells. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:191561. [PMID: 32431865 PMCID: PMC7211854 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NPs) have been widely investigated for their biomedical applications. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of different sizes of Fe3O4-NPs in chicken macrophage cells (HD11). Experimental groups based on three sizes of Fe3O4-NPs (60, 120 and 250 nm) were created, and the Fe3O4-NPs were added to the cells at different doses according to the experimental group. The cell activity, oxidative index (malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)), apoptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion level were detected to analyse the cytotoxic effects of Fe3O4-NPs of different sizes in HD11 cells. The results revealed that the cell viability of the 60 nm Fe3O4-NPs group was lower than those of the 120 and 250 nm groups when the same concentration of Fe3O4-NPs was added. No significant difference in MDA was observed among the three Fe3O4-NP groups. The SOD level and ROS production of the 60 nm group were significantly greater than those of the 120 and 250 nm groups. Furthermore, the highest levels of apoptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion were caused by the 60 nm Fe3O4-NPs. In conclusion, the smaller Fe3O4-NPs produced stronger cytotoxicity in chicken macrophage cells, and the cytotoxic effects may be related to the oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by increased ROS production as well as the increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhang
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Wu
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiru Shen
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunqi Xiao
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizeng Gao
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Institute of Biophysics, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shourong Shi
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225125, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, People's Republic of China
- Author for correspondence: Shourong Shi e-mail:
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26
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Mendonça LSO, Santos JM, Kaneto CM, de Carvalho LD, Lima-Santos J, Augusto DG, Carvalho SMS, Soares-Martins JAP, Silva-Jardim I. Characterization of serum cytokines and circulating microRNAs that are predicted to regulate inflammasome genes in cutaneous leishmaniasis patients. Exp Parasitol 2020; 210:107846. [PMID: 32001303 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.107846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease caused by an intracellular protozoan parasite of the genus Leishmania. Infection starts when this protozoan replicates in a phagolysosomal compartment in macrophages, after evading host immune responses. The balance of Th1 and Th2 immune responses is crucial in leishmaniasis because it will determine whether the infection will be under control or if clinical complications will occur. The inflammasome, which is activated during Leishmania infection, involves the action of caspase-1 and release of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-18. Together, they contribute to the maintenance of an inflammatory response and pyroptosis. Here, we evaluated the serum levels of cytokines and the expression of circulating microRNAs related to inflammasome regulation in twenty-seven patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in comparison to nine healthy individuals, in the context of the inflammasome activation. Evaluation of serum cytokines activation (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-17) was performed by flow cytometry using CBA kits (cytometric beads array) while the expression of circulating microRNAs (miR-7, miR-133a, miR-146b, miR-155, miR-223, miR-328, and miR-342) in plasma was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Our results showed an increase of the expression of miR-7-5p (p < 10-5), miR-133a (p = 0.034), miR-146b (p = 0.003), miR-223-3p (p = 10-5), and miR-328-3p (p = 0.002), and cytokine levels for IL-1β (p = 0.0005), IL-6 (p = 0.001), and IL-17 (p = 0.001) in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis compared to the controls. These results suggest that microRNAs and cytokines can play an important role in regulating the human immune responses to Leishmania infection. Our findings may contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms of the gene regulation during the cutaneous leishmaniasis and to the identification of possible biomarkers of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carla Martins Kaneto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Jane Lima-Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Danillo G Augusto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, BA, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Izaltina Silva-Jardim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, BA, Brazil.
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Shirasuna K, Karasawa T, Takahashi M. Role of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Preeclampsia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:80. [PMID: 32161574 PMCID: PMC7053284 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproduction involves tightly regulated series of events and the immune system is involved in an array of reproductive processes. Disruption of well-controlled immune functions leads to infertility, placental inflammation, and numerous pregnancy complications, including preeclampsia (PE). Inflammasomes are involved in the process of pathogen clearance and sterile inflammation. They are large multi-protein complexes that are located in the cytosol and play key roles in the production of the pivotal inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, and pyroptosis. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat-, and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a key mediator of sterile inflammation induced by various types of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Recent evidence indicates that the NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in pregnancy dysfunction, including PE. Many DAMPs (uric acid, palmitic acid, high-mobility group box 1, advanced glycation end products, extracellular vesicles, cell-free DNA, and free fatty acids) are increased and associated with pregnancy complications, especially PE. This review focuses on the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathophysiology of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koumei Shirasuna
- Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Japan
- *Correspondence: Koumei Shirasuna
| | - Tadayoshi Karasawa
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Masafumi Takahashi
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan
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28
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Wang R, Wu W, Li W, Huang S, Li Z, Liu R, Shan Z, Zhang C, Li W, Wang S. Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome Promotes Foam Cell Formation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Atherogenesis Via HMGB1. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 7:e008596. [PMID: 30371306 PMCID: PMC6404867 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.008596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background This study aimed at investigating whether NLRP3 (the Nod like receptor family, pyrin domain‐containing 3 protein) inflammasome activation induced HMGB1 (high mobility group box‐1 protein) secretion and foam cell formation in human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice. Methods and Results VSMCs or ApoE−/− mice were treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and/or ATP or LPS and high‐fat diet to induce NLRP3 inflammasome activation. HMGB1 distribution and foam cell formation in VSMCs were characterized. Liver X receptor α and ATP‐binding cassette transporter expression were determined. The impact of NLRP3 or receptor for advanced glycation end product silencing, ZYVAD‐FMK (caspase‐1 inhibitor), glycyrrhizin (HMGB1 inhibitor) or receptor for advanced glycation end product antagonist peptide on HMGB1 secretion, foam cell formation, liver X receptor α and ATP‐binding cassette transporter expression was examined. Expression level of HMGB1 in human atherosclerosis obliterans arterial tissues was characterized. Our results found that NLRP3 inflammasome activation promoted foam cell formation and HMGB1 secretion in VSMCs. Extracellular HMGB1 was a key signal molecule in inflammasome activation‐mediated foam cell formation. Furthermore, inflammasome activation‐induced HMGB1 activity and foam cell formation were achieved by receptor for advanced glycation end product/liver X receptor α /ATP‐binding cassette transporter glycyrrhizin. Experiments in vivo found glycyrrhizin significantly attenuated the LPS/high‐fat diet‐induced atherosclerosis and serum HMGB1 levels in mice. Finally, levels of HMGB1 and NLRP3 were increased in tunica media adjacent to intima of atherosclerosis obliteran arteries. Conclusions Our results revealed that HMGB1 is a key downstream signal molecule of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and plays an important role in VSMCs foam cell formation and atherogenesis by downregulating liver X receptor α and ATP‐binding cassette transporter expression through receptor for advanced glycation end product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- 1 Division of Vascular Surgery Guangdong Key Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Weibin Wu
- 1 Division of Vascular Surgery Guangdong Key Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Wen Li
- 1 Division of Vascular Surgery Guangdong Key Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Shuichuan Huang
- 1 Division of Vascular Surgery Guangdong Key Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Zilun Li
- 1 Division of Vascular Surgery Guangdong Key Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Ruiming Liu
- 2 Laboratory of General Surgery Guangdong Key Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Zhen Shan
- 1 Division of Vascular Surgery Guangdong Key Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
| | - Wen Li
- 2 Laboratory of General Surgery Guangdong Key Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Shenming Wang
- 1 Division of Vascular Surgery Guangdong Key Engineering Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Vascular Disease First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China.,3 Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham AL
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Tea Polyphenols Reducing Lipopolysaccharide-induced Inflammatory Responses in RAW264.7 Macrophages via NF-κB Pathway. Chem Res Chin Univ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-019-8376-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Park SH, Ham S, Lee A, Möller A, Kim TS. NLRP3 negatively regulates Treg differentiation through Kpna2-mediated nuclear translocation. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:17951-17961. [PMID: 31597697 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Naïve CD4+ T cells in the periphery differentiate into regulatory T cells (Tregs) in which Foxp3 is expressed for their suppressive function. NLRP3, a pro-inflammatory molecule, is known to be involved in inflammasome activation associated with several diseases. Recently, the expression of NLRP3 in CD4+ T cells, as well as in myeloid cells, has been described; however, a role of T cell-intrinsic NLRP3 in Treg differentiation remains unknown. Here, we report that NLRP3 impeded the expression of Foxp3 independent of inflammasome activation in Tregs. NLRP3-deficient mice elevate Treg generation in various organs in the de novo pathway. NLRP3 deficiency increased the amount and suppressive activity of Treg populations, whereas NLRP3 overexpression reduced Foxp3 expression and Treg abundance. Importantly, NLRP3 interacted with Kpna2 and translocated to the nucleus from the cytoplasm under Treg-polarizing conditions. Taken together, our results identify a novel role for NLRP3 as a new negative regulator of Treg differentiation, mediated via its interaction with Kpna2 for nuclear translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ho Park
- Division of Life Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Ham
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.,Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Arim Lee
- Division of Life Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Andreas Möller
- Tumour Microenvironment Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.,Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tae Sung Kim
- Division of Life Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Hong P, Gu RN, Li FX, Xiong XX, Liang WB, You ZJ, Zhang HF. NLRP3 inflammasome as a potential treatment in ischemic stroke concomitant with diabetes. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:121. [PMID: 31174550 PMCID: PMC6554993 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor [NLR] family pyrin domain-containing 3) inflammasome is a member of the NLR family of innate immune cell sensors. These are crucial regulators of cytokine secretions, which promote ischemic cell death and insulin resistance. This review summarizes recent progress regarding the NLRP3 inflammasome as a potential treatment for ischemic stroke in patients with diabetes, two complicated diseases that often occur together. Stroke worsens glucose metabolism abnormalities, and the outcomes after stroke are more serious for diabetic patients compared with those without diabetes. Inflammation contributes to organ injury after ischemic stroke and diabetes. Recent research has focused on inhibiting the activation of inflammasomes and thus reducing the maturation of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Studies suggest that inhibition of NLRP3 prevents or alleviates both ischemic stroke and diabetes. Targeting against the assembly and activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome is a potential and novel therapy for inflammasome-associated diseases, including ischemic stroke concomitant with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruo-Nan Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Xian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Liang
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Lab, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Y 4 W7, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1Y 4 W7, Canada
| | - Zhi-Jian You
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen SAMII Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Fei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Chen H, Ding Y, Chen W, Feng Y, Shi G. Glibenclamide alleviates inflammation in oleic acid model of acute lung injury through NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:1545-1554. [PMID: 31123394 PMCID: PMC6511253 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s196040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background: Pulmonary fat embolism (PFE) is one of the important causes of acute lung injury (ALI), but its pathogenesis is unclear. In recent years, it has been found that the NLRP3 inflammasome is closely related to inflammatory response. However, there are no reports about the involvement of NLRP3 in PFE- associated ALI. Glibenclamide is a kind of hypoglycaemic drug with anti-inflammatory effect. It has been reported to have the anti-inflammatory effect related to inhibiting NLRP3. Objective: To determine whether NLRP3 inflammasome was involved in ALI induced by PFE or whether glibenclamide had therapeutic effects on such lung injury, we designed this experiment. Materials and methods: The rat model of intravenous injection of oleic acid (OA) was used to simulate PFE. Rats were divided into three groups: control, OA and glibenclamide treatment group. Blood free fatty acid (FFA) concentration was determined by ACS-ACOD. Histopathological examinations were taken to assess the severity of lung injury. The expression of NLRP3 pathway and its downstream products were analyzed by IHC, WB, qPCR and ELISA. Results: Four hours after intravenous OA injection, the typical pathological manifestations of ALI accompanied by elevated levels of plasma FFAs were found. The activity of NLRP3 inflammasomes increased in OA group, too. Pretreatment with glibenclamide partly inhibited the increase in NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β expression induced by OA, simultaneously attenuated the lung injury. But it has little effect on the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression in this experiment. Conclusion: NLRP3 inflammasome, one of the main components of innate immune response, involved in ALI induced by OA. Glibenclamide can alleviate this kind of ALI by inhibiting rather the NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β signaling pathway than the levels of FFAs or TLR4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Department of Respiration and Critical Care Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjie Ding
- Department of Respiration and Critical Care Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Respiration and Critical Care Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Feng
- Department of Respiration and Critical Care Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China
| | - Guochao Shi
- Department of Respiration and Critical Care Disease, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China
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Alishahi M, Farzaneh M, Ghaedrahmati F, Nejabatdoust A, Sarkaki A, Khoshnam SE. NLRP3 inflammasome in ischemic stroke: As possible therapeutic target. Int J Stroke 2019; 14:574-591. [PMID: 30940045 DOI: 10.1177/1747493019841242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a devastating pathophysiological process during stroke, a devastating disease that is the second most common cause of death worldwide. Activation of the NOD-like receptor protein (NLRP3)-infammasome has been proposed to mediate inflammatory responses during ischemic stroke. Briefly, NLRP3 inflammasome activates caspase-1, which cleaves both pro-IL-1 and pro-IL-18 into their active pro-inflammatory cytokines that are released into the extracellular environment. Several NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors have been promoted, including small molecules, type I interferon, micro RNAs, nitric oxide, and nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), some of which are potentially efficacious clinically. This review will describe the structure and cellular signaling pathways of the NLRP3 inflammasome during ischemic stroke, and current evidence for NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Alishahi
- 1 Department of Biology, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- 2 Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhoodeh Ghaedrahmati
- 3 Immunology Department, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Armin Nejabatdoust
- 4 Department of Biology, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- 5 Department of Physiology, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- 5 Department of Physiology, Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Wang Z, Xu G, Gao Y, Zhan X, Qin N, Fu S, Li R, Niu M, Wang J, Liu Y, Xiao X, Bai Z. Cardamonin from a medicinal herb protects against LPS-induced septic shock by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:734-744. [PMID: 31384534 PMCID: PMC6664040 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diverse inflammation-related diseases, and pharmacological molecules targeting NLRP3 inflammasome are of considerable value to identifying potential therapeutic interventions. Cardamonin (CDN), the major active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Alpinia katsumadai, has exerted an excellent anti-inflammatory activity, but the mechanism underlying this role is not fully understood. Here, we show that CDN blocks canonical and noncanonical NLRP3 inflammasome activation triggered by multiple stimuli. Moreover, the suppression of CDN on inflammasome activation is specific to NLRP3, not to NLRC4 or AIM2 inflammasome. Besides, the inhibitory effect is not dependent on the expression of NF-κB-mediated inflammasome precursor proteins. We also demonstrate that CDN suppresses the NLRP3 inflammasome through blocking ASC oligomerization and speckle formation in a dose-dependent manner. Importantly, CDN improves the survival of mice suffering from lethal septic shock and attenuates IL-1β production induced by LPS in vivo, which is shown to be NLRP3 dependent. In conclusion, our results identify CDN as a broad-spectrum and specific inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome and a candidate therapeutic drug for treating NLRP3 inflammasome-driven diseases.
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Shirasuna K, Karasawa T, Takahashi M. Exogenous nanoparticles and endogenous crystalline molecules as danger signals for the NLRP3 inflammasomes. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5436-5450. [PMID: 30370619 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasome mechanisms are involved as some of the pathways of sterile inflammation. Inflammasomes are large multiprotein complexes in the cytosol and are a key system for the production of the pivotal inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, and inflammatory cell death called pyroptosis. Although a number of inflammasomes have been described, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-, leucine-rich repeat-, and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) is the most extensively investigated inflammasome. Exogenous pathogen-associated molecular patterns released during infection and endogenous crystalline danger/damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are well-known activators of NLRP3 inflammasomes. In addition, nanoparticle-associated molecular patterns (NAMPs), which are mediated by synthetic materials, including nanomaterials and nanoparticles, are proposed to be new danger signals of NLRP3 inflammasomes. Importantly, NAMP- and DAMP-triggered inflammation, a defining characteristic in inflammatory diseases, is termed as sterile inflammation because it occurs in the absence of foreign pathogens. This review focuses on the role of inflammasomes in exogenous NAMP- and endogenous crystalline DAMP-mediated sterile inflammation. Moreover, many regulatory mechanisms have been identified to attenuate NLRP3 inflammasomes. Therefore, we also summarize endogenous negative regulators of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, particularly induced by NAMPs or crystalline DAMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koumei Shirasuna
- Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Karasawa
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Japan
| | - Masafumi Takahashi
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Japan
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36
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Caso F, Costa L, Nucera V, Barilaro G, Masala IF, Talotta R, Caso P, Scarpa R, Sarzi-Puttini P, Atzeni F. From autoinflammation to autoimmunity: old and recent findings. Clin Rheumatol 2018; 37:2305-2321. [PMID: 30014358 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-018-4209-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory diseases have a number of similar etiopathogenetic and clinical characteristics, including genetic predisposition and recurrent systemic inflammatory flares. The first phase of ADs involves innate immunity: by means of TLRs, autoantigen presentation, B and T cell recruitment and autoantibody synthesis. The second phase involves adaptive immunity, a self-sustaining process in which immune complexes containing nucleic acids and autoantibodies activate self-directed inflammation. The link between autoimmunity and autoinflammation is IL-1ß, which is crucial in connecting the innate immune response due to NLR activation and the adaptive immune responses of T and B cells. In conclusion, although ADs are still considered adaptive immunity-mediated disorders, there is increasing evidence that innate immunity and inflammasomes are also involved. The aim of this review is to highlight the link between the innate and adaptive immune mechanisms involved in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Caso
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa Costa
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Nucera
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Barilaro
- Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Rossella Talotta
- Rheumatology Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco Buzzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Caso
- Geriatric Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, S. Andrea Hospital, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Scarpa
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Fabiola Atzeni
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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37
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Mulla MJ, Weel IC, Potter JA, Gysler SM, Salmon JE, Peraçoli MTS, Rothlin CV, Chamley LW, Abrahams VM. Antiphospholipid Antibodies Inhibit Trophoblast Toll-Like Receptor and Inflammasome Negative Regulators. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:891-902. [PMID: 29342502 DOI: 10.1002/art.40416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Women with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are at risk for pregnancy complications associated with poor placentation and placental inflammation. Although these antibodies are heterogeneous, some anti-β2 -glycoprotein I (anti-β2 GPI) antibodies can activate Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) and NLRP3 in human first-trimester trophoblasts. The objective of this study was to determine the role of negative regulators of TLR and inflammasome function in aPL-induced trophoblast inflammation. METHODS Human trophoblasts were not treated or were treated with anti-β2 GPI aPL or control IgG in the presence or absence of the common TAM (TYRO3, AXL, and Mer tyrosine kinase [MERTK]) receptor ligand growth arrest-specific protein 6 (GAS6) or the autophagy-inducer rapamycin. The expression and function of the TAM receptor pathway and autophagy were measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Antiphospholipid antibody-induced trophoblast inflammation was measured by qRT-PCR, activity assays, and ELISA. RESULTS Anti-β2 GPI aPL inhibited trophoblast TAM receptor function by reducing cellular expression of the receptor tyrosine kinases AXL and MERTK and the ligand GAS6. The addition of GAS6 blocked the effects of aPL on the TLR-4-mediated interleukin-8 (IL-8) response. However, the NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated IL-1β response was not affected by GAS6, suggesting that another regulatory pathway was involved. Indeed, anti-β2 GPI aPL inhibited basal trophoblast autophagy, and reversing this with rapamycin inhibited aPL-induced inflammasome function and IL-1β secretion. CONCLUSION Basal TAM receptor function and autophagy may serve to inhibit trophoblast TLR and inflammasome function, respectively. Impairment of TAM receptor signaling and autophagy by anti-β2 GPI aPL may allow subsequent TLR and inflammasome activity, leading to a robust inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ingrid C Weel
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, and São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
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Role of Inflammasomes in Neuroimmune and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Systematic Review. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:1549549. [PMID: 29849483 PMCID: PMC5932495 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1549549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that can sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular signals. They are involved in the initiation and development of inflammation via activation of IL-1β and IL-18. Many recent studies suggest a strong correlation between inflammasomes and neurological diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). Several components of inflammasomes, such as nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain- (NOD-) like receptor, absent in melanoma 2- (AIM2-) like receptors (ALRs), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), and caspase-1, as well as the upstream factors and downstream effectors, are associated with the initiation and development of MS and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Additionally, inflammasomes affect the efficacy of interferon-β therapy in patients with MS. Finally, the strong association of inflammasomes with AD and PD needs to be further studied. In this review of latest literatures, we comprehensively tease out diverse roles of different kinds of inflammasomes in neuroimmune and neurodegenerative diseases, especially in the perspective of double roles involved in pathogenesis, and identify future research priorities.
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Chen S, Chen S, Zeng Y, Lin L, Wu C, Ke Y, Liu G. Size-dependent superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles dictate interleukin-1β release from mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:978-986. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Xiamen Medical College; Xiamen 361023 China
| | - Suyun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Xiamen Medical College; Xiamen 361023 China
| | - Yun Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Xiamen Medical College; Xiamen 361023 China
| | - Lin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Xiamen Medical College; Xiamen 361023 China
| | - Chuang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Xiamen Medical College; Xiamen 361023 China
| | - Yanyan Ke
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Xiamen Medical College; Xiamen 361023 China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health; Xiamen University; Xiamen 361102 China
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40
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Abstract
Traumatic injury as one of the world's most relevant but neglected health concerns results in modulated inflammasome activity, which is closely linked to the development of post-injury complications. Cytokine-producing capacity of cells is important for the appropriate immune response to trauma and requires not only synthesis and transcription of inflammasome components but also their activation. Unfortunately, the precise role of inflammasome in trauma is still largely unknown. However, in the following chapter, we provide an overview on the best described inflammasomes in the various settings of trauma, introducing the recent findings on the up-to-date best described NLRP inflammasomes and underlying cytokines in the inflammatory response to trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borna Relja
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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42
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Kim JK, Jin HS, Suh HW, Jo EK. Negative regulators and their mechanisms in NLRP3 inflammasome activation and signaling. Immunol Cell Biol 2017; 95:584-592. [PMID: 28356568 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2017.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are cytosolic multiprotein complexes that cause the release of biologically active interleukin-1β. The best-characterized inflammasome is the NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 or Nod-like receptor protein 3) inflammasome. The NLRP3 inflammasome forms an assembly consisting of the ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a C-terminal caspase recruitment domain) adaptor protein and the effector, caspase-1 (cysteine-dependent aspartate-directed protease-1). Numerous agents and ligands derived from pathogens, modified self-cells and the environment induce NLRP3 inflammasome complex formation. NLRP3 inflammasome activation is tightly controlled at the transcriptional and post-translational levels to prevent unwanted excessive inflammation. Recent studies have highlighted the roles and mechanisms of several negative regulators that inhibit the assembly of NLRP3 inflammasome complexes and suppress inflammatory responses. The identification and characterization of new players in the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome may lead to the development of inflammasome-targeting therapeutics against various inflammatory diseases related to NLRP3 inflammasome-associated pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kyung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyo Sun Jin
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Suh
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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Patel MN, Carroll RG, Galván-Peña S, Mills EL, Olden R, Triantafilou M, Wolf AI, Bryant CE, Triantafilou K, Masters SL. Inflammasome Priming in Sterile Inflammatory Disease. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:165-180. [PMID: 28109721 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The inflammasome is a cytoplasmic protein complex that processes interleukins (IL)-1β and IL-18, and drives a form of cell death known as pyroptosis. Oligomerization of this complex is actually the second step of activation, and a priming step must occur first. This involves transcriptional upregulation of pro-IL-1β, inflammasome sensor NLRP3, or the non-canonical inflammasome sensor caspase-11. An additional aspect of priming is the post-translational modification of particular inflammasome constituents. Priming is typically accomplished in vitro using a microbial Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligand. However, it is now clear that inflammasomes are activated during the progression of sterile inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, metabolic disease, and neuroinflammatory disorders. Therefore, it is time to consider the endogenous factors and mechanisms that may prime the inflammasome in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana N Patel
- Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Richard G Carroll
- Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK; School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Silvia Galván-Peña
- Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK; School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Evanna L Mills
- Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK; School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Robin Olden
- Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK; Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Martha Triantafilou
- Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK; Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Amaya I Wolf
- Host Defense Discovery Performance Unit, Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Clare E Bryant
- Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK; Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB23 8AQ, UK
| | - Kathy Triantafilou
- Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK; Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Seth L Masters
- Immunology Catalyst, GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia; Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville 3052, Australia.
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44
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Chen RJ, Lee YH, Yeh YL, Wang YJ, Wang BJ. The Roles of Autophagy and the Inflammasome during Environmental Stress-Triggered Skin Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E2063. [PMID: 27941683 PMCID: PMC5187863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory skin diseases are the most common problem in dermatology. The induction of skin inflammation by environmental stressors such as ultraviolet radiation (UVR), hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) and TiO₂/ZnO/Ag nanoparticles (NPs) has been demonstrated previously. Recent studies have indicated that the inflammasome is often wrongly activated by these environmental irritants, thus inducing massive inflammation and resulting in the development of inflammatory diseases. The regulation of the inflammasome with respect to skin inflammation is complex and is still not completely understood. Autophagy, an intracellular degradation system that is associated with the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, plays a key role in inflammasome inactivation. As a housekeeping pathway, cells utilize autophagy to maintain the homeostasis of the organ structure and function when exposed to environmental stressors. However, only a few studies have examined the effect of autophagy and/or the inflammasome on skin pathogenesis. Here we review recent findings regarding the involvement of autophagy and inflammasome activation during skin inflammation. We posit that autophagy induction is a novel mechanism inter-modulating environmental stressor-induced skin inflammation. We also attempt to highlight the role of the inflammasome and the possible underlying mechanisms and pathways reflecting the pathogenesis of skin inflammation induced by UVR, Cr(VI) and TiO₂/ZnO/Ag NPs. A more profound understanding about the crosstalk between autophagy and the inflammasome will contribute to the development of prevention and intervention strategies against human skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Jane Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Ling Yeh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Jan Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan.
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Bour-Jr Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70428, Taiwan.
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 70428, Taiwan.
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Institute of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan.
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45
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Brickler T, Gresham K, Meza A, Coutermarsh-Ott S, Williams TM, Rothschild DE, Allen IC, Theus MH. Nonessential Role for the NLRP1 Inflammasome Complex in a Murine Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:6373506. [PMID: 27199506 PMCID: PMC4854993 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6373506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) elicits the immediate production of proinflammatory cytokines which participate in regulating the immune response. While the mechanisms of adaptive immunity in secondary injury are well characterized, the role of the innate response is unclear. Recently, the NLR inflammasome has been shown to become activated following TBI, causing processing and release of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The inflammasome is a multiprotein complex consisting of nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing proteins (NLR), caspase-1, and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC). ASC is upregulated after TBI and is critical in coupling the proteins during complex formation resulting in IL-1β cleavage. To directly test whether inflammasome activation contributes to acute TBI-induced damage, we assessed IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-6 expression, contusion volume, hippocampal cell death, and motor behavior recovery in Nlrp1(-/-), Asc(-/-), and wild type mice after moderate controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury. Although IL-1β expression is significantly attenuated in the cortex of Nlrp1(-/-) and Asc(-/-) mice following CCI injury, no difference in motor recovery, cell death, or contusion volume is observed compared to wild type. These findings indicate that inflammasome activation does not significantly contribute to acute neural injury in the murine model of moderate CCI injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Brickler
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Kisha Gresham
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Armand Meza
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Sheryl Coutermarsh-Ott
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Tere M. Williams
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Daniel E. Rothschild
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Irving C. Allen
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Michelle H. Theus
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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46
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Yuk JM, Jin HS, Jo EK. Small Heterodimer Partner and Innate Immune Regulation. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2016; 31:17-24. [PMID: 26754583 PMCID: PMC4803555 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2016.31.1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptor superfamily consists of the steroid and non-steroid hormone receptors and the orphan nuclear receptors. Small heterodimer partner (SHP) is an orphan family nuclear receptor that plays an essential role in the regulation of glucose and cholesterol metabolism. Recent studies reported a previously unidentified role for SHP in the regulation of innate immunity and inflammation. The innate immune system has a critical function in the initial response against a variety of microbial and danger signals. Activation of the innate immune response results in the induction of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines to promote anti-microbial effects. An excessive or uncontrolled inflammatory response is potentially harmful to the host, and can cause tissue damage or pathological threat. Therefore, the innate immune response should be tightly regulated to enhance host defense while preventing unwanted immune pathologic responses. In this review, we discuss recent studies showing that SHP is involved in the negative regulation of toll-like receptor-induced and NLRP3 (NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3)-mediated inflammatory responses in innate immune cells. Understanding the function of SHP in innate immune cells will allow us to prevent or modulate acute and chronic inflammation processes in cases where dysregulated innate immune activation results in damage to normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Min Yuk
- Department of Infection Biology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyo Sun Jin
- Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eun Kyeong Jo
- Infection Signaling Network Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
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47
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Chiu HW, Chen CH, Chang JN, Chen CH, Hsu YH. Far-infrared promotes burn wound healing by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome caused by enhanced autophagy. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:809-19. [PMID: 26864306 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1389-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms in burn wound progression is crucial to providing appropriate diagnoses and designing therapeutic regimens for burn patients. When inflammation becomes unregulated, recurrent, or excessive, it interferes with burn wound healing. Autophagy, which is a homeostatic and catabolic degradation process, was found to protect against ischemic injury, inflammatory diseases, and apoptosis in some cases. In the present study, we investigated whether far-infrared (FIR) could ameliorate burn wound progression and promote wound healing both in vitro and in a rat model of deep second-degree burn. We found that FIR induced autophagy in differentiated THP-1 cells (human monocytic cells differentiated to macrophages). Furthermore, FIR inhibited both the NLRP3 inflammasome and the production of IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide-activated THP-1 macrophages. In addition, FIR induced the ubiquitination of ASC, which is the adaptor protein of the inflammasome, by increasing tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), which is a ubiquitin E3 ligase. Furthermore, the exposure to FIR then promoted the delivery of inflammasome to autophagosomes for degradation. In a rat burn model, FIR ameliorated burn-induced epidermal thickening, inflammatory cell infiltration, and loss of distinct collagen fibers. Moreover, FIR enhanced autophagy and suppressed the activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the rat skin tissue of the burn model. Based on these results, we suggest that FIR-regulated autophagy and inflammasomes will be important for the discovery of novel therapeutics to promote the healing of burn wounds. KEY MESSAGES Far-infrared (FIR) induced autophagy in THP-1 macrophages. FIR suppressed the NLRP3 inflammasome through the activation of autophagy. FIR induced the ubiquitination of ASC by increasing TRAF6. FIR ameliorated burn wound progression and promoted wound healing in a rat burn model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wen Chiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No. 291, Zhongzeng Rd., Zhonghe District, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsien Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No. 291, Zhongzeng Rd., Zhonghe District, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Ning Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No. 291, Zhongzeng Rd., Zhonghe District, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiung Chen
- Department of Industrial and Commercial Design, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ho Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No. 291, Zhongzeng Rd., Zhonghe District, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan.
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48
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Abstract
Hepatitis is damage and inflammation of the liver. It is triggered by both environmental and endogenous insults and is a platform for developing liver cirrhosis and cancer. Both innate and adaptive immune activation contribute to hepatic inflammation and disease. Viral hepatitis is the most common form of hepatitis and is typically associated with chronic viral infection. Alcohol-induced and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis are two rising hepatic problems. The innate immune inflammasome signaling cascade mediates the production of essential proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. These cytokines regulate hepatic cell interaction and crosstalk of the various inflammatory pathways and influence disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina A Negash
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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49
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Liu Z, Zhao H, Liu W, Li T, Wang Y, Zhao M. NLRP3 inflammasome activation is essential for paraquat-induced acute lung injury. Inflammation 2015; 38:433-44. [PMID: 25338942 PMCID: PMC7101550 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-0048-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune response is important in paraquat-induced acute lung injury, but the exact pathways involved are not elucidated. The objectives of this study were to determine the specific role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the process. Acute lung injury was induced by administering paraquat (PQ) intraperitoneally. NLRP3 inflammasome including NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 mRNA and protein expression in lung tissue and IL-1β and IL-18 levels in BALF were detected at 4, 8, 24, and 72 h after PQ administration in rats. Moreover, rats were pretreated with 10, 30, and 50 mg/kg NLRP3 inflammasome blocker glybenclamide, respectively, 1 h before PQ exposure. At 72 h after PQ administration, lung histopathology changes, NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 protein expression, as well as secretion of cytokines including IL-1β and IL-18 in BALF were investigated. The NLRP3 inflammasome including NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 expression, and cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 levels in PQ poisoning rats were significantly higher than that in the control group. NLRP3 inflammasome blocker glybenclamide pretreatment attenuated lung edema, inhibited the NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 activation, and reduced IL-1β and IL-18 levels in BALF. In the in vitro experiments, IL-1β and IL-18 secreted from RAW264.7 mouse macrophages treated with paraquat were attenuated by glybenclamide. In conclusion, paraquat can induce IL-1β/IL-18 secretion via NLRP3-ASC-caspase-1 pathway, and the NLRP3 inflammasome is essential for paraquat-induced acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenning Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning Province, China
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50
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Horstmann JP, Marzi I, Relja B. Adrenergic stimulation alters the expression of inflammasome components and interleukins in primary human monocytes. Exp Ther Med 2015; 11:297-302. [PMID: 26889257 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior to their release, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 are cleaved to their bioactive forms by a multiprotein complex known as an inflammasome, which is comprised of a number of elements that are subject to nuclear factor-κB-dependent transcription. Catecholamines have been indicated to exert an enhancing effect on the IL-1β release. The aim of the present study was to determine whether alterations in inflammasome gene expression may be responsible for the modified IL-1β and IL-18 secretion following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and catecholamine co-stimulation. Monocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood of 21 healthy volunteers using CD14+ microbeads. Following stimulation with LPS (2 µg/ml) and/or phenylephrine (PE; 10 µM) for 24 h, the supernatants were subjected to ELISA to evaluate the ex vivo protein expression levels of IL-1β and IL-18. In addition, the gene expression levels of inflammasome components associated with the cleavage of IL-1β and IL-18, including NLRP1, NLRP3, caspase-1 and PYCARD were determined using polymerase chain reaction. The results indicated that LPS significantly increased IL-1β expression compared with the unstimulated control samples. Co-stimulation with LPS + PE significantly enhanced IL-1β expression compared with LPS alone. Furthermore, IL-18 expression was significantly reduced by LPS and LPS + PE co-stimulation. The gene expression levels of IL-18, NLRP1, caspase-1 and PYCARD were comparable in the LPS- and LPS + PE-stimulated cells. LPS significantly induced the expression levels of IL-1β and NLRP3, and to a lesser degree, the expression of NLRP1, compared with the control. By contrast, PE markedly induced the expression levels of IL-18 and NLRP1, while LPS reduced the gene expression of IL-18. In conclusion, adrenergic stimulation suppressed NLRP3 expression and enhanced NLRP1 expression, indicating that NLRP3 may regulate IL-1β secretion and NLRP1 may regulate the release of IL-18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann-Philipp Horstmann
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
| | - Ingo Marzi
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
| | - Borna Relja
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
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