1
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Liu M, Jiang H, Momeni MR. Epigenetic regulation of autophagy by non-coding RNAs and exosomal non-coding RNAs in colorectal cancer: A narrative review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132732. [PMID: 38823748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
One of the major diseases affecting people globally is colorectal cancer (CRC), which is primarily caused by a lack of effective medical treatment and a limited understanding of its underlying mechanisms. Cellular autophagy functions to break down and eliminate superfluous proteins and substances, thereby facilitating the continual replacement of cellular elements and generating vital energy for cell processes. Non-coding RNAs and exosomal ncRNAs have a crucial impact on regulating gene expression and essential cellular functions such as autophagy, metastasis, and treatment resistance. The latest research has indicated that specific ncRNAs and exosomal ncRNA to influence the process of autophagy in CRC cells, which could have significant consequences for the advancement and treatment of this disease. It has been determined that a variety of ncRNAs have a vital function in regulating the genes essential for the formation and maturation of autophagosomes. Furthermore, it has been confirmed that ncRNAs have a considerable influence on the signaling pathways associated with autophagy, such as those involving AMPK, AKT, and mTOR. Additionally, numerous ncRNAs have the potential to affect specific genes involved in autophagy. This study delves into the control mechanisms of ncRNAs and exosomal ncRNAs and examines how they simultaneously influence autophagy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongfang Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, China.
| | - Mohammad Reza Momeni
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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2
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Böttger F, Radonic T, Bahce I, Monkhorst K, Piersma SR, Pham TV, Dingemans AC, Hillen LM, Santarpia M, Giovannetti E, Smit EF, Burgers SA, Jimenez CR. Identification of protein biomarkers for prediction of response to platinum-based treatment regimens in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:1417-1436. [PMID: 38010703 PMCID: PMC11161729 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of patients with resected stage II-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are treated with platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) in a one-size-fits-all approach. However, a significant number of patients do not derive clinical benefit, and no predictive patient selection biomarker is currently available. Using mass spectrometry-based proteomics, we have profiled tumour resection material of 2 independent, multi-centre cohorts of in total 67 patients with NSCLC who underwent ACT. Unsupervised cluster analysis of both cohorts revealed a poor response/survival sub-cluster composed of ~ 25% of the patients, that displayed a strong epithelial-mesenchymal transition signature and stromal phenotype. Beyond this stromal sub-population, we identified and validated platinum response prediction biomarker candidates involved in pathways relevant to the mechanism of action of platinum drugs, such as DNA damage repair, as well as less anticipated processes such as those related to the regulation of actin cytoskeleton. Integration with pre-clinical proteomics data supported a role for several of these candidate proteins in platinum response prediction. Validation of one of the candidates (HMGB1) in a third independent patient cohort using immunohistochemistry highlights the potential of translating these proteomics results to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Böttger
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMC – location VUmcThe Netherlands
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMC – location VUmcThe Netherlands
| | - Teodora Radonic
- Department of PathologyAmsterdam UMC – location VUmcThe Netherlands
| | - Idris Bahce
- Department of Pulmonary DiseasesAmsterdam UMC – location VUmcThe Netherlands
| | - Kim Monkhorst
- Division of PathologyThe Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek HospitalAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Sander R. Piersma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMC – location VUmcThe Netherlands
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMC – location VUmcThe Netherlands
| | - Thang V. Pham
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMC – location VUmcThe Netherlands
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMC – location VUmcThe Netherlands
| | - Anne‐Marie C. Dingemans
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, GROW School for Oncology & Developmental BiologyMaastricht University Medical CenterThe Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonary DiseasesErasmus Medical CentreRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Lisa M. Hillen
- Department of PathologyMaastricht University Medical CenterThe Netherlands
| | - Mariacarmela Santarpia
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology “G. Barresi”University of MessinaItaly
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMC – location VUmcThe Netherlands
- Cancer Pharmacology LabFondazione Pisana per la ScienzaPisaItaly
| | - Egbert F. Smit
- Division of Thoracic OncologyThe Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek HospitalAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonary DiseasesLeiden University Medical CenterThe Netherlands
| | - Sjaak A. Burgers
- Division of Thoracic OncologyThe Netherlands Cancer Institute – Antoni van Leeuwenhoek HospitalAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Connie R. Jimenez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMC – location VUmcThe Netherlands
- OncoProteomics Laboratory, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam UMC – location VUmcThe Netherlands
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3
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Lee JY, Bhandare RR, Boddu SHS, Shaik AB, Saktivel LP, Gupta G, Negi P, Barakat M, Singh SK, Dua K, Chellappan DK. Molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of tumour suppressor genes in lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116275. [PMID: 38394846 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumour suppressor genes play a cardinal role in the development of a large array of human cancers, including lung cancer, which is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide. Therefore, extensive studies have been committed to deciphering the underlying mechanisms of alterations of tumour suppressor genes in governing tumourigenesis, as well as resistance to cancer therapies. In spite of the encouraging clinical outcomes demonstrated by lung cancer patients on initial treatment, the subsequent unresponsiveness to first-line treatments manifested by virtually all the patients is inherently a contentious issue. In light of the aforementioned concerns, this review compiles the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of some of the tumour suppressor genes implicated in lung cancer that are either frequently mutated and/or are located on the chromosomal arms having high LOH rates (1p, 3p, 9p, 10q, 13q, and 17p). Our study identifies specific genomic loci prone to LOH, revealing a recurrent pattern in lung cancer cases. These loci, including 3p14.2 (FHIT), 9p21.3 (p16INK4a), 10q23 (PTEN), 17p13 (TP53), exhibit a higher susceptibility to LOH due to environmental factors such as exposure to DNA-damaging agents (carcinogens in cigarette smoke) and genetic factors such as chromosomal instability, genetic mutations, DNA replication errors, and genetic predisposition. Furthermore, this review summarizes the current treatment landscape and advancements for lung cancers, including the challenges and endeavours to overcome it. This review envisages inspired researchers to embark on a journey of discovery to add to the list of what was known in hopes of prompting the development of effective therapeutic strategies for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yee Lee
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Richie R Bhandare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sai H S Boddu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Afzal B Shaik
- St. Mary's College of Pharmacy, St. Mary's Group of Institutions Guntur, Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada, Chebrolu, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522212, India; Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, India
| | - Lakshmana Prabu Saktivel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering (BIT Campus), Anna University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India
| | - Poonam Negi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, PO Box 9, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - Muna Barakat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman-11937, Jordan
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara 144411, India; Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
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4
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Hindi N, Carrillo-García J, Blanco-Alcaina E, Renshaw M, Luna P, Durán J, Jiménez N, Sancho P, Ramos R, Moura DS, Martín-Broto J. Platinum-Based Regimens Are Active in Advanced Pediatric-Type Rhabdomyosarcoma in Adults and Depending on HMGB1 Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010856. [PMID: 36614297 PMCID: PMC9821763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in adults is a rare and aggressive disease, which lacks standard therapies for relapsed or advanced disease. This retrospective study aimed to describe the activity of BOMP-EPI (bleomycin, vincristine, methotrexate and cisplatin alternating with etoposide, cisplatin and ifosfamide), an alternative platinum-based regimen, in adult patients with relapsed/metastatic RMS. In the study, 10 patients with RMS with a median age at diagnosis of 20.8 years and a female/male distribution of 6/4 received a mean of 2.5 cycles of BOMP-EPI. The best RECIST response was a complete response in 1/10 (10%) patients, a partial response in 5/10 (50%), stable disease in 3/10 (30%) and progression in 1/10 (10%). With a median follow-up in the alive patients from the start of therapy of 30.5 months (15.7-258), all patients progressed with a median progression-free survival of 8.47 months (95% CI 8.1-8.8), and 7/10 patients died with a median overall survival of 24.7 months (95% CI 13.7-35.6). BOMP-EPI was an active chemotherapy regimen in adults with pediatric-type metastatic RMS, with outcomes in terms of survival that seem superior to what was expected for this poor-prognosis population. Low HMGB1 expression level was identified as a predictive factor of better response to this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Hindi
- Health Research Institute Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital General de Villalba, 28400 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Carrillo-García
- Health Research Institute Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital General de Villalba, 28400 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Blanco-Alcaina
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), HUVR-CSIC-University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Renshaw
- Health Research Institute Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital General de Villalba, 28400 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Luna
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Son Espases, 07210 Palma, Spain
| | - José Durán
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Son Espases, 07210 Palma, Spain
| | - Natalia Jiménez
- Medical Oncology Department, San Vicente de Paúl Hospital, Heredia 40101, Costa Rica
| | - Pilar Sancho
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Rafael Ramos
- Pathology Department, University Hospital Son Espases, 07210 Palma, Spain
| | - David S. Moura
- Health Research Institute Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital General de Villalba, 28400 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martín-Broto
- Health Research Institute Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital General de Villalba, 28400 Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-910-908-102 (ext. 52831)
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5
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Arokia Femina T, Barghavi V, Archana K, Swethaa NG, Maddaly R. Non-uniformity in in vitro drug-induced cytotoxicity as evidenced by differences in IC 50 values - implications and way forward. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2023; 119:107238. [PMID: 36521817 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2022.107238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell lines have proven indispensable for in vitro experiments and their utility as experimental models range from understanding the fundamental cell functioning to drug discovery. One of the most common utility of cell lines is for in vitro drug testing. Drug testing involves determining the cytotoxic effects of the drugs and such a measurement is expressed as the IC50 values of drugs. Although determination of IC50 values of drugs on cell lines is one of the most common in vitro experimental approaches, a significant amount of variations can be observed in the results obtained from such studies. Although the variations in the IC50 values of a drug on different cells lines can and should vary, the non-uniformity of such results reported from different studies using a particular drug on a specific cell line is a matter of concern. We present the IC50 values of 5 most commonly used drugs 5-fluorouracil, bleomycin, cisplatin, doxorubicin and methotrexate obtained from several in vitro cell line-based studies. Some of the factors which contribute to the non-uniformity of the IC50 values for a particular drug from different studies are discussed as three types of factors, the biological, non-biological and human factors. Also, ways in which such variations can be reduced to obtain universally common, reliable results are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Arokia Femina
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600116, India
| | - V Barghavi
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600116, India
| | - K Archana
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600116, India
| | - N G Swethaa
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Guindy, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Ravi Maddaly
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600116, India.
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6
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Zhao Y, Wang Z, Shi X, Liu T, Yu W, Ren X, Zhao H. Effect of Chemotherapeutics on In Vitro Immune Checkpoint Expression in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231202307. [PMID: 37728201 PMCID: PMC10515539 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231202307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Immune checkpoint (ICP) expression in tumor cells could directly or indirectly affect the results of immunotherapy. ICP ligands on tumor cells usually bind their immune cell receptors to inhibit the activity, resulting in tumor immune escape. Thus, the purpose of this study was to ascertain the impact of various chemotherapeutic drugs on ICP expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines with different pathological subtypes to provide a basis for the development of a superior regimen of chemotherapy combined with ICP blockade. Methods: Several first-line chemotherapy agents (cisplatin, carboplatin, paclitaxel, gemcitabine, vinorelbine, and pemetrexed) were selected to treat different NSCLC cell lines (squamous carcinoma H1703, adenocarcinoma A549, and large cell cancer H460) for 72 hours, and then the changes in ICP expression in the tumor cells were observed through flow cytometry. Results: Cisplatin, carboplatin, and paclitaxel upregulated the expressions of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and programmed cell death ligand 2 (PD-L2) in A549 and H460 cell lines. Meanwhile, vinorelbine and pemetrexed upregulated PD-L1 and PD-L2 in H1703, A549, and H460 cell lines. Paclitaxel, gemcitabine, vinorelbine, and pemetrexed significantly upregulated the expressions of both galectin-9 and high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) in the A549 cell line. Cisplatin and paclitaxel significantly upregulated the expressions of major histocompatibility complex-II (MHC-II), galectin-3, α-synuclein, and fibrinogen-like protein 1 (FGL1) in A549 and H460 cell lines. In addition, cisplatin and vinorelbine significantly upregulated the expressions of both CD155 and CD112 in the H460 cell line. Vinorelbine upregulated MHC-I in all three cell lines. Conclusion: Chemotherapy agents have different effects on the expression of ICP ligands in tumor cells with different pathological types, and this may affect the efficacy of combined immunotherapy. These results provide a theoretical basis for further selection and optimization of the combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiuhuan Shi
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin, China
- Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin, China
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7
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Wang ZY, Li A, Huang X, Bai GL, Jiang YX, Li RL, Liu C, Wen ZY, Wang P, Chen AJ. HSP27 Protects Skin From Ultraviolet B -Induced Photodamage by Regulating Autophagy and Reactive Oxygen Species Production. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:852244. [PMID: 35445017 PMCID: PMC9014213 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.852244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation has been well documented to be linked with almost all skin problems we know, and both dermis and epidermis may be affected to varying degrees by UV irradiation. Every time when exposed to sunlight without protection, our skin will step closer to photoaging, leading to irreversible consequences ultimately. Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is a vital protein involved in cell growth, autophagy, apoptosis, drug resistance, tumor genesis and metastasis. Evidence suggests that the organism is subjected to various internal and external environmental stresses (heat, oxidative stress, organic toxicants, etc.), and HSP27 with high expression has protective function. However, the expression of HSP27 in coping with UV irradiation have not been examined thoroughly. In this study, photodamage models were developed through different doses of UVB irradiation in human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) (30 mJ/cm2), human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) (150 mJ/cm2) and mouse skin (2,700 mJ/cm2). HSP27 knockdown decreased cell viability and increased the incidence of UVB-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We got consistent results in vivo and vitro. Compared with that in the UVB group, the expression of LC3B was significantly lower, while the expression of p62 was significantly higher in the UVB + si-HSP27 group. It was also revealed that HSP27 knockdown reduced the expressions of some antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), which accelerated UVB-induced ROS release. Moreover, histological results showed that epidermis was thickened and collagen fibers were disorganized in the UVB + si-HSP27 group. These findings have demonstrated that HSP27 might play a photoprotective role in the UVB-induced skin damage process by maintaining the normal autophagy and antioxidant level. It is implied that HSP27 could be a potential therapeutic target of photodamage. However, determination of the definitive mechanism requires further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yue Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Prescriptions Department, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gen-Long Bai
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Xin Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruo-Lin Li
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhu-Yuan Wen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ai-Jun Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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8
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Lei T, Huang J, Xie F, Gu J, Cheng Z, Wang Z. HMGB1-mediated autophagy promotes gefitinib resistance in human non-small cell lung cancer. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:fpage-lpage. [PMID: 35462475 PMCID: PMC9828391 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ranks the first in incidence and mortality among malignant tumors in China. Molecular targeted therapies such as gefitinib, an oral inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase, have shown significant benefits in patients with advanced NSCLC. However, most patients have unsatisfactory outcomes due to the development of drug resistance, and there is an urgent need to better understand the pathways involved in the resistance mechanisms. In this study, we found that HMGB1 is highly expressed in drug-resistant cells and confers to gefitinib resistance in NSCLC cells via activating autophagy process. Gefitinib upregulates HMGB1 expression in time-dependent and dose-dependent manners in human NSCLC cells. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of HMGB1 reduces PC9GR cell viability, induces apoptosis, and partially restores gefitinib sensitivity. Mechanistic analyses indicate that elevated HMGB1 expression contributes to gefitinib resistance by inducing autophagy. Thus, our results suggest that HMGB1 is an autophagy regulator and plays a key role in gefitinib resistance of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyao Lei
- />Department of Oncologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210011China
| | - Jiali Huang
- />Department of Oncologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210011China
| | - Fei Xie
- />Department of Oncologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210011China
| | - Jingyao Gu
- />Department of Oncologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210011China
| | - Zhixiang Cheng
- />Department of Oncologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210011China
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- />Department of Oncologythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210011China
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9
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Li J, Zhou W, Mao Q, Gao D, Xiong L, Hu X, Zheng Y, Xu X. HMGB1 Promotes Resistance to Doxorubicin in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Inducing Autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Front Oncol 2021; 11:739145. [PMID: 34778055 PMCID: PMC8578906 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.739145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance remains as a major hindrance in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). High mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) enhances autophagic flux and protects tumor cells from apoptosis, which results in acquired drug resistance. However, the exact mechanisms underlying HMGB1-modulated autophagy in HCC chemoresistance remain to be defined. In the present study, we found that administration of doxorubicin (DOX) significantly promoted HMGB1 expression and induced HMGB1 cytoplasmic translocation in human HCC cell lines BEL7402 and SMMC7721, which enhanced autophagy that contributes to protecting HCC cells from apoptosis and increasing drug resistance. Moreover, we observed HMGB1 translocation and elevation of autophagy in DOX-resistant BEL7402 and SMMC7721 cells. Additionally, inhibition of HMGB1 and autophagy increased the sensitivities of BEL-7402 and SMMC-7721 cells to DOX and re-sensitized their DOX-resistant cells. Subsequently, we confirmed with HMGB1 regulated autophagy by activating the 5ʹ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR pathway. In summary, our results indicate that HMGB1 promotes acquired DOX resistance in DOX-treated BEL7402 and SMMC7721 cells by enhancing autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. These findings provide the proof-of-concept that HMGB1 inhibitors might be an important targeted treatment strategy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Li
- Basic and Clinical Medical Research Center, Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Basic and Clinical Medical Research Center, Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen, China
| | - Qiang Mao
- Department of Statistics, The First People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen, China
| | - Dandan Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen, China
| | - Lin Xiong
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyao Hu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongfa Zheng
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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10
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Murdaca G, Allegra A, Paladin F, Calapai F, Musolino C, Gangemi S. Involvement of Alarmins in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9039. [PMID: 34445745 PMCID: PMC8396675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a haematological disease resulting from the neoplastic transformation of plasma cells. The uncontrolled growth of plasma cells in the bone marrow and the delivery of several cytokines causes bone erosion that often does not regress, even in the event of disease remission. MM is characterised by a multi-step evolutionary path, which starts with an early asymptomatic stage defined as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) evolving to overt disease. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION We have selected scientific publications on the specific topics "alarmis, MGUS, and MM", drawing from PubMed. The keywords we used were alarmines, MGUS, MM, and immune system. RESULTS The analysis confirms the pivotal role of molecules such as high-mobility group box-1, heat shock proteins, and S100 proteins in the induction of neoangiogenesis, which represents a milestone in the negative evolution of MM as well as other haematological and non-haematological tumours. CONCLUSIONS Modulation of the host immune system and the inhibition of neoangiogenesis may represent the therapeutic target for the treatment of MM that is capable of promoting better survival and reducing the risk of RRMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Murdaca
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, 20132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Francesca Paladin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, 20132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Calapai
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Hematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.A.); (C.M.)
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
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11
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Hossian AKMN, Zahra FT, Poudel S, Abshire CF, Polk P, Garai J, Zabaleta J, Mikelis CM, Mattheolabakis G. Advanced bioinformatic analysis and pathway prediction of NSCLC cells upon cisplatin resistance. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6520. [PMID: 33753779 PMCID: PMC7985311 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85930-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to identify pathway involvement in the development of cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II); CDDP) resistance in A549 lung cancer (LC) cells by utilizing advanced bioinformatics software. We developed CDDP-resistant A549 (A549/DDP) cells through prolonged incubation with the drug and performed RNA-seq on RNA extracts to determine differential mRNA and miRNA expression between A549/DDP and A549 cells. We analyzed the gene dysregulation with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA; QIAGEN) software. In contrast to prior research, which relied on the clustering of dysregulated genes to pathways as an indication of pathway activity, we utilized the IPA software for the dynamic evaluation of pathway activity depending on the gene dysregulation levels. We predicted 15 pathways significantly contributing to the chemoresistance, with several of them to have not been previously reported or analyzed in detail. Among them, the PKR signaling, cholesterol biosynthesis, and TEC signaling pathways are included, as well as genes, such as PIK3R3, miR-34c-5p, and MDM2, among others. We also provide a preliminary analysis of SNPs and indels, present exclusively in A549/DDP cells. This study's results provide novel potential mechanisms and molecular targets that can be explored in future studies and assist in improving the understanding of the chemoresistance phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K M Nawshad Hossian
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Fatema Tuz Zahra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Sagun Poudel
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA
| | - Camille F Abshire
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Paula Polk
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Jone Garai
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- Department of Pediatrics and Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Constantinos M Mikelis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - George Mattheolabakis
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA.
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12
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Ye Y, Zhao L, Li Q, Xi C, Li Y, Li Z. circ_0007385 served as competing endogenous RNA for miR-519d-3p to suppress malignant behaviors and cisplatin resistance of non-small cell lung cancer cells. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:2196-2208. [PMID: 32602212 PMCID: PMC7396374 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been closely implicated in competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network among human cancers including non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the role of most circRNAs in NSCLC remains to be determined. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of hsa_circ_0007385 (circ_0007385) in NSCLC cells. Methods Expression of hsa_circ_0007385 (circ_0007385), miRNA (miR)‐519d‐5p and high‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was measured by real‐time quantitative PCR and western blotting. Functional experiments were evaluated by cell counting kit (CCK)‐8, flow cytometry, fluorescein active caspase‐3 staining kit, transwell assays, western blotting, and xenograft experiment. The relationship among circ_0007385,miR‐519d‐5p and HMGB1 was testified by dual‐luciferase reporter assay. Kaplan‐Meiersurvival curve identified overall survival in NSCLC patients. Results circ_0007385 expression was higher in NSCLC tissues and cell lines, and was associated with poor overall survival. Silencing circ_0007385 could suppress cell proliferation, migration and invasion in A549 and H1975 cells, as well as cisplatin (DDP) resistance. Moreover, circ_0007385 silence retarded tumor growth of A549 cells in vivo. Molecularly, there was a direct interaction between miR‐519d‐3p and either circ_0007385 or HMGB1; expression of miR‐519d‐3p was downregulated in NSCLC tumors in a circ_0007385‐correlated manner, and circ_0007385 could indirectly regulate HMGB1 via miR‐519d‐3p. Functionally, both inhibiting miR‐519d‐3p and restoring HMGB1 could overturn the suppressive effect of circ_0007385 knockdown on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and DDP resistance. Conclusions Collectively, circ_0007385 deletion could function anti‐tumor role in NSCLC by suppressing malignant behaviors and DDP resistance in vitro and in vivo via circ_0007385/miR‐519d‐3p/HMGB1 axis. These outcomes might enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the malignant progression of NSCLC. Key points Significant findings of the study circ_0007385 was upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cells, and was associated with poor overall survival. Silenced circ_0007385 suppressed NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and DDP resistance in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo. circ_0007385 was upregulated in NSCLC tissues and cells, and was associated with poor overall survival.
What this study adds miR‐519d‐3p could directly interact with circ_0007385 and HMGB1 in NSCLC cells. A promising circ_0007385/miR‐519d‐3p/HMGB1 regulatory pathway was determined in NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yancheng Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Gansu Wuwei Tumor Hospital, Wuwei, China
| | - Liangcun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Gansu Wuwei Tumor Hospital, Wuwei, China
| | - Qingke Li
- Department of Laboratory medicine, Gansu Wuwei Tumor Hospital, Wuwei, China
| | - Caixia Xi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gansu Wuwei Tumor Hospital, Wuwei, China
| | - Yinghong Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu Wuwei Tumor Hospital, Wuwei, China
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gansu Wuwei Tumor Hospital, Wuwei, China
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13
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Antifibrotic Effects of High-Mobility Group Box 1 Protein Inhibitor (Glycyrrhizin) on Keloid Fibroblasts and Keloid Spheroids through Reduction of Autophagy and Induction of Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174134. [PMID: 31450620 PMCID: PMC6747471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Overabundance of extracellular matrix resulting from hyperproliferation of keloid fibroblasts (KFs) and dysregulation of apoptosis represents the main pathophysiology underlying keloids. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) plays important roles in the regulation of cellular death. Suppression of HMGB1 inhibits autophagy while increasing apoptosis. Suppression of HMGB1 with glycyrrhizin has therapeutic benefits in fibrotic diseases. In this study, we explored the possible involvement of autophagy and HMGB1 as a cell death regulator in keloid pathogenesis. We have highlighted the potential utility of glycyrrhizin as an antifibrotic agent via regulation of the aberrant balance between autophagy and apoptosis in keloids. Higher HMGB1 expression and enhanced autophagy were observed in keloids. The proliferation of KFs was decreased following glycyrrhizin treatment. While apoptosis was enhanced in keloids after glycyrrhizin treatment, autophagy was significantly reduced. The expressions of ERK1/2, Akt, and NF-κB, were enhanced in HMGB1-teated fibroblasts, but decreased following glycyrrhizin treatment. The expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) components was reduced in glycyrrhizin-treated keloids. TGF-β, Smad2/3, ERK1/2, and HMGB1 were decreased in glycyrrhizin-treated keloids. Treatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA resulted in a decrease of autophagy markers and collagen in the TGF-β-treated fibroblasts. The results indicated that autophagy plays an important role in the pathogenesis of keloids. Because glycyrrhizin appears to reduce ECM and downregulate autophagy in keloids, its potential use for treatment of keloids is indicated.
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14
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Wu YL, Chien MH, Chou YE, Chang JH, Liu TC, Tsao TCY, Chou MC, Yang SF. Association of EGFR mutations and HMGB1 genetic polymorphisms in lung adenocarcinoma patients. J Cancer 2019; 10:2907-2914. [PMID: 31281467 PMCID: PMC6590032 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group protein box 1 (HMGB1) is overexpressed and reported to be a prognostic factor in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutants play an important role in NSCLC progression. The aim of this study was to explore potential associations between genetic polymorphisms of HMGB1 and EGFR mutations in a cohort that included 280 patients with NSCLC, some of whom were smokers and others who never smoked. Four tagged single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of HMGB1 were detected by a TaqMan-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in patients. We found that after adjusting for other covariates, NSCLC patients who smoked and who respectively had CG, CT, and TC heterozygotes of HMGB1 rs2249825, rs1045411, and rs1360485, were at lower risk of developing mutant EGFR, compared to those patients with wild-type homozygotes. Moreover, significant inverse associations between the CG and CG + GG genotypes of HMGB1 rs2249825 and the EGFR hotspot mutation, an exon 19 in-frame deletion, were also observed among NSCLC patients. Within patients harboring mutant EGFR, HMGB1 rs1360485 C (TC + CC) allele carriers were at higher risk of developing poorly differentiated cancer types (odds ratio=5.493, 95% confidence interval: 1.130~26.696, p=0.019), compared to patients with TT homozygotes. Furthermore, we found that HMGB1 rs1360485 polymorphisms seemed to be related to susceptibility to developing poorly differentiated cancer linked to tobacco consumption in EGFR mutant patients. In conclusion, our results suggested that HMGB1 variants are significantly inversely associated with EGFR mutations among NSCLC patients who smoked. HMGB1 variants and tobacco consumption might contribute to the pathological development of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Liang Wu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Erh Chou
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Hwa Chang
- Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tu-Chen Liu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Chest Medicine, Cheng-Ching General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Thomas Chang-Yao Tsao
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Chest, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Chou
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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15
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Abstract
Autophagy is an important process of cellular degradation and has been proven to contribute to tumorigenesis. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an abundant nonhistone protein that has been widely reported to play a central role in the induction of autophagy. In nucleus, HMGB1 upregulates the expression of HSP27 to induce autophagy. In cytoplasm, the Beclin-1/PI3K-III complex can be activated by HMGB1 to promote autophagy. Extracellular HMGB1 binds to the receptor for advanced glycation end products to induce autophagy. Recent studies have shown that HMGB1-induced autophagy exerts multiple functions in various cancers like proliferation. Moreover, inhibition of HMGB1-induced autophagy can reverse chemoresistance, which is regulated by noncoding RNAs such as microRNAs and lncRNAs. Here, we provide a brief introduction to HMGB1 and HMGB1-induced autophagy in cancer. We also discuss the challenges associated with performing further investigations on this issue. HMGB1-induced autophagy exerts significant functions in cancer and has potential utility for new strategy to reverse drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,
| | - Lihua Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,
| | - Zhaoxia Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,
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16
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Folkerts H, Hilgendorf S, Vellenga E, Bremer E, Wiersma VR. The multifaceted role of autophagy in cancer and the microenvironment. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:517-560. [PMID: 30302772 PMCID: PMC6585651 DOI: 10.1002/med.21531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a crucial recycling process that is increasingly being recognized as an important factor in cancer initiation, cancer (stem) cell maintenance as well as the development of resistance to cancer therapy in both solid and hematological malignancies. Furthermore, it is being recognized that autophagy also plays a crucial and sometimes opposing role in the complex cancer microenvironment. For instance, autophagy in stromal cells such as fibroblasts contributes to tumorigenesis by generating and supplying nutrients to cancerous cells. Reversely, autophagy in immune cells appears to contribute to tumor‐localized immune responses and among others regulates antigen presentation to and by immune cells. Autophagy also directly regulates T and natural killer cell activity and is required for mounting T‐cell memory responses. Thus, within the tumor microenvironment autophagy has a multifaceted role that, depending on the context, may help drive tumorigenesis or may help to support anticancer immune responses. This multifaceted role should be taken into account when designing autophagy‐based cancer therapeutics. In this review, we provide an overview of the diverse facets of autophagy in cancer cells and nonmalignant cells in the cancer microenvironment. Second, we will attempt to integrate and provide a unified view of how these various aspects can be therapeutically exploited for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Folkerts
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Hilgendorf
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edo Vellenga
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Bremer
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Valerie R Wiersma
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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17
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HMGB1 promotes ERK-mediated mitochondrial Drp1 phosphorylation for chemoresistance through RAGE in colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1004. [PMID: 30258050 PMCID: PMC6158296 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunctional mitochondria have been shown to enhance cancer cell proliferation, reduce apoptosis, and increase chemoresistance. Chemoresistance develops in nearly all patients with colorectal cancer, leading to a decrease in the therapeutic efficacies of anticancer agents. However, the effect of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)-mediated mitochondrial fission on chemoresistance in colorectal cancer is unclear. Here, we found that the release of high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) in conditioned medium from dying cells by chemotherapeutic drugs and resistant cells, which triggered Drp1 phosphorylation via its receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE). RAGE signals ERK1/2 activation to phosphorylate Drp1 at residue S616 triggerring autophagy for chemoresistance and regrowth in the surviving cancer cells. Abolishment of Drp1 phosphorylation by HMGB1 inhibitor and RAGE blocker significantly enhance sensitivity to the chemotherapeutic treatment by suppressing autophagy. Furthermore, patients with high phospho-Drp1Ser616 are associated with high risk on developing tumor relapse, poor 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and 5-year overall survival (OS) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (neoCRT) treatment in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Moreover, patients with RAGE-G82S polymorphism (rs2070600) are associated with high phospho-Drp1Ser616 within tumor microenvironment. These findings suggest that the release of HMGB1 from dying cancer cells enhances chemoresistance and regrowth via RAGE-mediated ERK/Drp1 phosphorylation.
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18
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Guo X, He D, Zhang E, Chen J, Chen Q, Li Y, Yang L, Yang Y, Zhao Y, Wang G, He J, Cai Z. HMGB1 knockdown increases MM cell vulnerability by regulating autophagy and DNA damage repair. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:205. [PMID: 30157958 PMCID: PMC6114506 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0883-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background With the development of novel therapeutic agents, the survival of multiple myeloma (MM) patients has much improved. However, the disease is incurable due to drug resistance. Previous studies have found that high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is involved in inflammation, angiogenesis, DNA damage repair, and cancer invasion, progression, metastasis and drug resistance and that high HMGB1 expression is associated with poor MM prognosis, yet the role and mechanism of HMGB1 in MM remains unclear. Methods Through gene expression and Oncomine database analyses, we found that HMGB1 is associated with a poor prognosis in MM patients. RNA interference together with gene array analysis, cell proliferation and apoptosis assays, autophagy detection assays, western blotting, and in vivo xenograft models were employed to evaluate the effect of HMGB1 and the mechanism involved in MM drug resistance. Results MM cell lines and primary MM samples were found to express high levels of HMGB1, which was negatively associated with the 3-year survival of MM patients. HMGB1 knockdown in MM cells enhanced the inhibitory effect of chemotherapy with dexamethasone (Dex) via apoptosis induction. Furthermore, downregulation of HMGB1 activated the mTOR pathway, inhibited autophagy and increased DNA damage induced by Dex by modulating expression of related genes. In vivo, xenograft models showed that after Dex treatment, the tumor burden of HMGB1-knockdown mice was decreased compared with that of control mice. Conclusions Our research shows that HMGB1 participates in autophagy and DNA damage repair and that downregulation of HMGB1 enhances the sensitivity of MM cells to Dex, suggesting that HMGB1 may serve as a target for MM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Guo
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Donghua He
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Enfan Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingxiao Chen
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Li
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Yang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, 324000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingsong He
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen Cai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
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19
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Shu W. Downregulation of high mobility group protein box-1 resensitizes ovarian cancer cells to carboplatin. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:4586-4592. [PMID: 30214593 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer, one of the most common types of cancer, has the highest mortality among all gynecological malignancies. The development of acquired drug resistance is the leading cause of chemotherapy failure. To study the mechanism underlying drug resistance in ovarian cancer, a drug-resistant ovarian cancer SKOV3 cell line was developed using the chemotherapeutic agent carboplatin (SKOV3-Carb) in the present study. It has been reported that high-mobility group protein box-1 (HMGB1) is associated with the chemoresistance of tumor cells. Therefore, the probable involvement of HMGB1 in the development of carboplatin resistance in ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells was investigated. HMGB1 has been reported to be overexpressed in carboplatin-resistant SKOV3-Carb cells compared with control SKOV3 cells. Subsequently, the expression of HMGB1 was silenced by small interference RNA technology. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis indicated that mRNA and protein expression levels of HMGB1 were significantly inhibited in HMGB1-silenced cells. Cell proliferation and apoptosis analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of HMGB1 silencing on resistant ovarian cancer cells. An MTT assay revealed that the proliferation of HMGB1-silenced SKOV3 and SKOV3-Carb cells were decreased compared with the proliferation of non-silenced control cells. Additionally, HMGB1 protein expression levels in SKOV3 cells, but not in SKOV3-Carb cells, were decreased in response to carboplatin treatment. Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining demonstrated that HMGB1 silencing enhanced the effects of carboplatin in inducing the apoptosis of SKOV3-Carb cells relative to HMGB1 non-silenced control cells. The results of the present study suggested that HMGB1 may be involved in the development of carboplatin resistance in ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells and that HMGB1 silencing may induce the sensitization of carboplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells to carboplatin. Therefore, HMGB1 may be considered as a potent therapeutic target for increasing the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to carboplatin in order to improve the treatment and prognosis of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
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20
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Huang WS, Lin CT, Chen CN, Chang SF, Chang HI, Lee KC. Metformin increases the cytotoxicity of oxaliplatin in human DLD-1 colorectal cancer cells through down-regulating HMGB1 expression. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:6943-6952. [PMID: 29737584 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer death worldwide. Chemotherapy has been the major strategy for treating patients with advanced CRC. Oxaliplatin (OXA) is used as both an adjuvant and neoadjuvant anticancer agent available to treat advanced CRC. High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) is a critical regulator of cell death and survival. HMGB1 overexpression has been shown to be resistant to cytotoxic agents. In addition, Metformin, a widely used drug for diabetes, has emerged as a potential anticancer agent. In this study, we examined whether HMGB1 plays a role in the OXA- and/or metformin-induced cytotoxic effect on CRC cells. The results showed that treatment with OXA increased HMGB1 expression in the ERK1/2- and Akt-dependent manners in DLD-1 cells. HMGB1 gene knockdown enhanced the cytotoxicity and cell growth inhibition of OXA. Moreover, OXA-increased HMGB1 expression was by inducing NF-κB-DNA-binding activity to in DLD-1 cells. Compared to a single agent, OXA combined with metformin administration resulted in cytotoxicity and cell growth inhibition synergistically, accompanied with reduced HMGB1 level. These findings may have implications for the rational design of future drug regimens incorporating OXA and metformin for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Shih Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Tsong Lin
- Center for General Education, National Formosa University, Yunlin, Taiwan.,Department of Wood Based Materials and Design, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Nan Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fu Chang
- Department of Medical Research and Development, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi Branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-I Chang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Chao Lee
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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21
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Delineating the HMGB1 and HMGB2 interactome in prostate and ovary epithelial cells and its relationship with cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:19050-19064. [PMID: 29721183 PMCID: PMC5922377 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High Mobility Group B (HMGB) proteins are involved in cancer progression and in cellular responses to platinum compounds used in the chemotherapy of prostate and ovary cancer. Here we use affinity purification coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) and yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening to carry out an exhaustive study of HMGB1 and HMGB2 protein interactions in the context of prostate and ovary epithelia. We present a proteomic study of HMGB1 partners based on immunoprecipitation of HMGB1 from a non-cancerous prostate epithelial cell line. In addition, HMGB1 and HMGB2 were used as baits in yeast two-hybrid screening of libraries from prostate and ovary epithelial cell lines as well as from healthy ovary tissue. HMGB1 interacts with many nuclear proteins that control gene expression, but also with proteins that form part of the cytoskeleton, cell-adhesion structures and others involved in intracellular protein translocation, cellular migration, secretion, apoptosis and cell survival. HMGB2 interacts with proteins involved in apoptosis, cell motility and cellular proliferation. High confidence interactors, based on repeated identification in different cell types or in both MS and Y2H approaches, are discussed in relation to cancer. This study represents a useful resource for detailed investigation of the role of HMGB1 in cancer of epithelial origins, as well as potential alternative avenues of therapeutic intervention.
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22
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Wu L, Yang L. The function and mechanism of HMGB1 in lung cancer and its potential therapeutic implications. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:6799-6805. [PMID: 29725415 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As a non-histone chromatin-associated protein, high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) performs a pivotal function in various human diseases, including autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Overexpression of HMGB1 has been demonstrated in numerous types of cancer, including breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the underlying mechanism of HMGB1 function in lung cancer remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to analyze, and summarize the role and mechanism of HMGB1 in lung cancer by retrieving available literature regarding HMGB1 in association with lung cancer. It provides comprehensive information on the association of HMGB1 with the carcinogenesis and progression of lung cancer, and discusses the molecular mechanism of these processes. HMGB1 may induce tumorigenesis, metastasis and chemotherapy resistance in lung cancer. Overall, it is evident that HMGB1 serves an important role in the development and progression of lung cancer, and this review warrants further investigation into HMGB1 as a novel target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, Tiyuanbei, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tiyuanbei, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, Tiyuanbei, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tiyuanbei, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
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23
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Zhang Y, Luo J, Wang X, Wang HL, Zhang XL, Gan TQ, Chen G, Luo DZ. A comprehensive analysis of the predicted targets of miR-642b-3p associated with the long non-coding RNA HOXA11-AS in NSCLC cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:6147-6160. [PMID: 29616096 PMCID: PMC5876445 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA HOXA11 antisense RNA (HOXA11-AS) has been previously reported to be involved in the tumorigenesis and progression of ovarian cancer and glioma. However, the function of HOXA11-AS in lung cancer remains unclear. Following the knockdown of HOXA11-AS in A549 cells, a microarray analysis was performed in order to detect the differences in microRNA (miRNA/miR) profiles. Subsequently, miR-642b-3p was selected for further analysis. Four miRNA target prediction algorithms were used to identify potential target genes of miR-642b-3p. Bioinformatics analyses, including Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes, protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and network analysis, were performed to investigate the potential functions, pathways and networks of the target genes. Furthermore, the differential expression of miR-642b-3p and its target genes between normal lung and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues was verified using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Six target genes [zinc finger protein 350, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U, high mobility group box 1, phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D), synaptotagmin binding cytoplasmic RNA interacting protein and basic helix-loop-helix family member B9] of miR-642b-3p were predicted using all 4 algorithms. It was revealed that miR-642b-3p was overexpressed in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma tissues compared with non-cancerous lung tissues based on the TCGA database. From the 6 target genes, PDE4D was downregulated in lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma tissues, and a weak negative correlation between HOXA11-AS and PDE4D was identified. The area under the curve of PDE4D was 0.905 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.879–0.931] for patients with lung adenocarcinoma and 0.665 (95% CI, 0.606–0.725) for patients with squamous cell carcinoma. Additionally, GO analysis of the target genes revealed that miR-642b-3p was specifically involved in complex cellular pathways. The target gene RAN binding protein 2 possessed the highest degree of interactions in the PPI network (degree=40). It was hypothesized that HOXA11-AS may have a function in NSCLC by regulating the expression of miR-642b-3p and PDE4D, which laid the foundation for the further elucidation of the potential molecular mechanisms of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Han-Lin Wang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Ling Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Ting-Qing Gan
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Dian-Zhong Luo
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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24
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Chai Y, Xiao J, Zhang S, Du Y, Luo Z, Zhou X, Huang K. High-mobility group protein B1 silencing promotes susceptibility of retinoblastoma cells to chemotherapeutic drugs through downregulating nuclear factor-κB. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:1651-1658. [PMID: 29328447 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) silencing on the susceptibility of retinoblastoma (RB) cells to chemotherapeutic drugs and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Western blot analysis revealed that vincristine (VCR), etoposide (ETO) and carboplatin (CBP) significantly increased the expression of HMGB1 in Weri‑Rb-1 and Y79 cells compared with the untreated control (P<0.01). siRNA HMGB1 and siRNA negative control (NC) were transfected to Y79 cells by Lipofectamine™ 2000 and, following VCR treatment, the expression of HMGB1 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was analyzed. siRNA HMGB1 transfection silenced HMGB1 expression. The cytotoxicity of VCR to cells with and without siRNA HMGB1 was investigated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. siRNA HMGB1 markedly reduced the IC50 value of VCR to RB cells through downregulating the expression of NF-κB, similar to pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC). Moreover, following siRNA HMGB1, siRNA NC and ammonium PDTC treatment, the apoptosis of RB cells with VCR incubation was evaluated by Hoechst staining, and the expression of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), Beclin 1 and p62 were determined with western blot analysis. The LC3 puncta were determined with immunofluorescence assay. The results demonstrated that VCR treatment significantly downregulated the expression of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP and p62, and upregulated the expression of Beclin 1 in RB cells (P<0.01). Similar to the NF-κB inhibitor PDTC, siRNA HMGB1 significantly promoted apoptosis and suppressed autophagy of VCR‑treated RB cells through reversing the effects of VCR on these signaling molecules (P<0.01). Therefore, HMGB1 silencing promoted the susceptibility of RB cells to chemotherapeutic drugs through downregulating NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Children's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Juhua Xiao
- Department of Ultrasound, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Shouhua Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiangxi Children's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yunyan Du
- Department of Otolaryngology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhipeng Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, P.R. China
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25
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Yin H, Yang X, Gu W, Liu Y, Li X, Huang X, Zhu X, Tao Y, Gou X, He W. HMGB1-mediated autophagy attenuates gemcitabine-induced apoptosis in bladder cancer cells involving JNK and ERK activation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:71642-71656. [PMID: 29069735 PMCID: PMC5641078 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) has been found to mediate autophagy during chemotherapy in several cancers. However, whether HMGB1plays a role in autophagy and chemoresistance in bladder cancer is elusive. In this report, HMGB1 expression was found to be increased in 30 primary bladder cancer tissue specimens compared to their matched adjacent non-tumor tissues. While gemcitabine induced apoptotic cell death, it also induced HMGB1 expression and autophagy in bladder cancer T24 and BIU-87 cells. Suppressing HMGB1 expression with siRNA strongly potentiated gemcitabine-induced apoptosis. HMGB1 siRNA or autophagy inhibitors suppressed gemcitabine-induced autophagy. Further, gemcitabine activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) and Bcl-2 phosphorylation, and blocking ERK and JNK inhibited autophagy and increased apoptosis in gemcitabine-treated cells. Interestingly, suppressing HMGB1 expression attenuated gemcitabine-induced ERK and JNK activation and Bcl-2 phosphorylation. Thus, our results suggest that while gemcitabine kills bladder cancer cells through apoptosis, a cytoprotective autophagy is also induced involving HMGB1-mediated JNK and ERK to counteract the cytotoxicity of gemcitabine, and intervention targeting this pathway may improve the anticancer efficacy of gemcitabine against bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubin Yin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wen Gu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xinyuan Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaolong Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xin Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yong Tao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xin Gou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Weiyang He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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26
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Bhowmick S, Jana A, Marri SR, Gupta P, Behera J, Mandal BB, Das N. Pyrazine based Pt(II) bis-alkynyl organometallic complexes: Synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxic effect on A549 human lung carcinoma cells. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Bhowmick
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Patna; Patna 801 106 Bihar India
| | - Achintya Jana
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Patna; Patna 801 106 Bihar India
| | - Subba R. Marri
- School of Chemical Sciences; National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER); Bhubaneswar 751005 India
| | - Prerak Gupta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati 781039 Assam India
| | - J.N. Behera
- School of Chemical Sciences; National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER); Bhubaneswar 751005 India
| | - Biman B. Mandal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering; Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati; Guwahati 781039 Assam India
| | - Neeladri Das
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Patna; Patna 801 106 Bihar India
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27
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Xu X. Upregulation of miR-142-3p Improves Drug Sensitivity of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia through Reducing P-Glycoprotein and Repressing Autophagy by Targeting HMGB1. Transl Oncol 2017; 10:410-418. [PMID: 28445844 PMCID: PMC5406584 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
miR-142-3p was reported to be downregulated in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and acted as a novel diagnostic marker. However, the regulatory effect of miR-142-3p on drug resistance of AML cells and its underlying mechanism have not been elucidated. Here, we found that miR-142-3p was significantly downregulated and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was dramatically upregulated in AML samples and cells, as well as drug-resistant AML cells. P-gp level and autophagy were markedly enhanced in HL-60/ADR and HL-60/ATRA cells. miR-142-3p overexpression improved drug sensitivity of AML cells by inhibiting cell viability and promoting apoptosis, and inhibited P-gp level and autophagy in drug-resistant AML cells, whereas HMGB1 overexpression obviously reversed these effect. HMGB1 was demonstrated to be a target of miR-142-3p, and miR-142-3p negatively regulated HMGB1 expression. In conclusion, our study elucidated that upregulation of miR-142-3p improves drug sensitivity of AML through reducing P-glycoprotein and repressing autophagy by targeting HMGB1, contributing to better understanding the molecular mechanism of drug resistance in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China.
| | - Xueju Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, PR China
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28
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Norris JL, Farrow MA, Gutierrez DB, Palmer LD, Muszynski N, Sherrod SD, Pino JC, Allen JL, Spraggins JM, Lubbock ALR, Jordan A, Burns W, Poland JC, Romer C, Manier ML, Nei YW, Prentice BM, Rose KL, Hill S, Van de Plas R, Tsui T, Braman NM, Keller MR, Rutherford SA, Lobdell N, Lopez CF, Lacy DB, McLean JA, Wikswo JP, Skaar EP, Caprioli RM. Integrated, High-Throughput, Multiomics Platform Enables Data-Driven Construction of Cellular Responses and Reveals Global Drug Mechanisms of Action. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:1364-1375. [PMID: 28088864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An understanding of how cells respond to perturbation is essential for biological applications; however, most approaches for profiling cellular response are limited in scope to pre-established targets. Global analysis of molecular mechanism will advance our understanding of the complex networks constituting cellular perturbation and lead to advancements in areas, such as infectious disease pathogenesis, developmental biology, pathophysiology, pharmacology, and toxicology. We have developed a high-throughput multiomics platform for comprehensive, de novo characterization of cellular mechanisms of action. Platform validation using cisplatin as a test compound demonstrates quantification of over 10 000 unique, significant molecular changes in less than 30 days. These data provide excellent coverage of known cisplatin-induced molecular changes and previously unrecognized insights into cisplatin resistance. This proof-of-principle study demonstrates the value of this platform as a resource to understand complex cellular responses in a high-throughput manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Stacy D Sherrod
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - James C Poland
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Raf Van de Plas
- Delft Center for Systems and Control, Delft University of Technology , Delft 2628 CD, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nathaniel M Braman
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - M Ray Keller
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | | | | | - Carlos F Lopez
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | | | - John A McLean
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - John P Wikswo
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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29
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Cai Y, Xu P, Yang L, Xu K, Zhu J, Wu X, Jiang C, Yuan Q, Wang B, Li Y, Qiu Y. HMGB1-mediated autophagy decreases sensitivity to oxymatrine in SW982 human synovial sarcoma cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37845. [PMID: 27897164 PMCID: PMC5126735 DOI: 10.1038/srep37845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxymatrine (OMT) is a type of alkaloid extracted from a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, Sophora flavescens. Although the antitumor activities of OMT have been observed in various cancers, there are no reports regarding the effects of OMT on human synovial sarcoma. In the present study, we analyzed the antitumor activities of OMT in SW982 human synovial sarcoma cells and determine whether high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1)-mediated autophagy was associated with its therapeutic effects. We found that OMT exhibited antitumor activity in SW982 cells and facilitated increases in autophagy. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA or ATG7 siRNA increased the level of apoptosis, which indicated that OMT-induced autophagy protected cells from the cytotoxicity of OMT. Administration of OMT to SW982 cells increased the expression of HMGB1. When HMGB1 was inhibited via HMGB1-siRNA, OMT-induced autophagy was decreased, and apoptosis was increased. Furthermore, we found that HMGB1-siRNA significantly increased the expression of p-Akt and p-mTOR. OMT-induced autophagy may be mediated by the Akt/mTOR pathway, and HMGB1 plays a vital role in the regulation of autophagy. Therefore, we believe that combining OMT with an inhibitor of autophagy or HMGB1 may make OMT more effective in the treatment of human synovial sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsong Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics of the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, 710061, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi’an Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, 710054, China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi’an Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, 710054, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi’an Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, 710054, China
| | - Jialin Zhu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi’an Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, 710054, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi’an Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, 710054, China
| | - Congshan Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, 710061, China
| | - Qiling Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics of the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, 710061, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, 710061, China
| | - Yuanbo Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi’an Hong Hui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, 710054, China
| | - Yusheng Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedics of the First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, 710061, China
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30
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Guo S, Wang Y, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Chen M, Xu M, Hu L, Jing Y, Jing F, Li C, Wang Q, Zhu Z. Knockdown of High Mobility Group-Box 3 (HMGB3) Expression Inhibits Proliferation, Reduces Migration, and Affects Chemosensitivity in Gastric Cancer Cells. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:3951-3960. [PMID: 27774979 PMCID: PMC5081235 DOI: 10.12659/msm.900880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High mobility group-box 3 (HMGB3) has been shown to affect tumor initiation and progression. This research aimed to investigate the role of HMGB3 in gastric cancer (GC) cell proliferation, migration, invasion, chemoresistance, and its potential molecular mechanisms. Material/Methods GC MGC803 and BGC823 cells were transfected with siRNA targeting the HMGB3 gene. The expressions of HMGB3 protein in MGC803 and BGC823 cells after transfection were detected by Western blot assays. We detected cell proliferation and cell cycle by MTT and flow cytometry assay. Cell migration and invasion were determined by wound scratch and transwell assay. MGC803 and BGC823 cells were treated with various concentrations of oxaliplatin, cisplatin, and paclitaxel. After 24 hours of drug exposure, we performed MTT assays to investigate chemoresistance in both groups. Western blot assays were used to detect related proteins expression. Results Silencing of HMGB3 inhibited cell proliferation and induced G0/G1 phase arrest of GC cells partly via modulating p53 and p21 pathways, and downregulating Bcl-2/Bax ratio. RNA interference of HMGB3 inhibited cell invasion and migration by downregulating MMP2 and MMP9. Silencing of HMGB3 enhanced sensitive to cisplatin and paclitaxel, and reduced sensitive to oxaliplatin. Conclusions These findings suggest the importance of HMGB3 in the regulation of growth, migration, and apoptosis of GC, improve our understanding of the mechanisms of GC pathogenesis, and may promote the development of novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Yinxu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Mingzi Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Minghao Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Lu Hu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Yu Jing
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Fangyu Jing
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Qingjun Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Zhitu Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China (mainland)
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Xia Q, Xu J, Chen H, Gao Y, Gong F, Hu L, Yang L. Association between an elevated level of HMGB1 and non-small-cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis and literature review. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:3917-23. [PMID: 27418836 PMCID: PMC4935082 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s104409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HMGB1 has been overexpressed in the tissues or serum of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in several studies. However, the results remain inconsistent. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between elevated level of HMGB1 and NSCLC. METHODS Associated studies were included, and the pooled risk difference and mean difference (MD) together with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. RESULTS A total of ten relevant studies on HMGB1 expression were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled results suggested that the expression of HMGB1 in NSCLC tissues was notably higher than those in corresponding nontumor normal tissues by using immu-nohistochemistry (risk difference =0.38, 95% CI: 0.28-0.48, Z=7.67, P<0.00001, I (2)=0%), Western blot (MD =0.27, 95% CI: 0.06-0.47, Z=2.57, P<0.01), or real-time polymerase chain reaction (MD =15.15, 95% CI: 14.8-15.5, Z=2.08, P=0.04). Serum HMGB1 levels were similarly significantly higher in patients with NSCLC than those in healthy controls. The pooled MDs of HMGB1 in patients with NSCLC compared with healthy controls were 17.54 with 95% CI: 10.99-24.09, Z=5.25, P<0.00001. Two of the included studies were fully reviewed without performing meta-analysis due to the different detection methods used. The protein level of HMGB1 in patients with NSCLC of tumor, nodes, and metastasis (TNM) stages III-IV was higher than that of TNM stages I-II (P<0.047 and P<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION The expression levels of HMGB1 in both tissues and serum of patients with NSCLC were statistically higher than those of normal lung samples, which indicated that elevated levels of HMGB1 can reveal changes that correlated with disease progression, or even the risk of NSCLC disease progression. The elevated level of HMGB1 could also be considered as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quansong Xia
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
| | - Juan Xu
- The People's Hospital of Guandu District, Kunming
| | - Huoying Chen
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhang Gao
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
| | - Feili Gong
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liya Hu
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
| | - Li Yang
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
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Saleh T, Cuttino L, Gewirtz DA. Autophagy is not uniformly cytoprotective: a personalized medicine approach for autophagy inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in non-small cell lung cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2130-6. [PMID: 27316314 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In addition to surgical resection, which is considered first-line treatment at early stages of the disease, chemotherapy and radiation are widely used when the disease is advanced. Of multiple responses that may occur in the tumor cells in response to cancer therapy, the functional importance of autophagy remains equivocal; this is likely to restrict current efforts to sensitize this malignancy to chemotherapy and/or radiation by pharmacological interference with the autophagic response. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review, we attempt to summarize the current state of knowledge based on studies that evaluated the function of autophagy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells in response to radiation and the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agents. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS In addition to the expected prosurvival function of autophagy, where autophagy inhibition enhances the response to therapy, autophagy appears also to have a "non-cytoprotective" function, where autophagy blockade does not affect cell viability, clonogenicity or tumor volume in response to therapy. In other cases, autophagy may actually mediate drug action via expression of its cytotoxic function. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE These observations emphasize the complexity of autophagy function when examined in different tumor cell lines and in response to different chemotherapeutic agents. A more in-depth understanding of the conditions that promote the unique functions of autophagy is required in order to translate preclinical findings of autophagy inhibition to the clinic for the purpose of improving patient response to chemotherapy and radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College St., Richmond, VA 23298, United States
| | - Laurie Cuttino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Henrico Doctor's Hospital, 1602 Skipwith Rd, Richmond, VA 23229, United States
| | - David A Gewirtz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College St., Richmond, VA 23298, United States; Department of Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, 401 College St., Richmond, VA 23298, United States.
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Xu K, Cai YS, Lu SM, Li XL, Liu L, Li Z, Liu H, Xu P. Autophagy induction contributes to the resistance to methotrexate treatment in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synovial cells through high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:374. [PMID: 26702616 PMCID: PMC4718027 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0892-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synovial cells (RA-FLS) show resistance to methotrexate (MTX) treatment. To better understand the mechanisms of this resistance, RA-FLS and osteoarthritis fibroblast-like synovial cells (OA-FLS) were isolated and exposed to MTX. We analyzed the autophagy induced by MTX in vitro and its relationship to apoptosis. Methods Cell viability was evaluated using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and Western blot analysis. Autophagy was determined by transmission electron microscopy as well as Western blot analysis. The expression levels of Beclin-1, LC3, Akt, p-Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), p-mTOR, high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (HMGB1), and an 85 kDa caspase cleaved fragment of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase were measured by Western blotting. Results MTX-induced apoptosis was increased in OA-FLS compared with RA-FLS. However, MTX stimulated the autophagy response in RA-FLS by inducing autophagosome formation, but not in OA-FLS. In RA-FLS, transfection with Beclin-1 small interfering RNA inhibited autophagy and increased susceptibility to MTX, which induces cell death. MTX upregulated autophagy through its ability to enhance the expression of HMGB1 and Beclin-1 rather than through the Akt/mTOR pathway. Conclusions Autophagy induction contributes to resistance to MTX treatment in fibroblasts from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-015-0892-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi'an Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Yong-song Cai
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi'an Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - She-Min Lu
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Xiao-Li Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xi'an Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi'an Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi'an Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi'an Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Xi'an Hong Hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi Province, China.
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