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Dawson NM, Coolsaet B, Bhardwaj A, Brown D, Lliso B, Loos J, Mannocci L, Martin A, Oliva M, Pascual U, Sherpa P, Worsdell T. Reviewing the science on 50 years of conservation: Knowledge production biases and lessons for practice. AMBIO 2024:10.1007/s13280-024-02049-w. [PMID: 39023682 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-024-02049-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Drawing on 662 studies from 102 countries, we present a systematic review of published empirical studies about site-level biodiversity conservation initiated between 1970 and 2019. Within this sample, we find that knowledge production about the Global South is largely produced by researchers in the Global North, implying a neocolonial power dynamic. We also find evidence of bias in reported ecological outcomes linked to lack of independence in scientific studies, serving to uphold narratives about who should lead conservation. We explore relationships in the sample studies between conservation initiative types, the extent of Indigenous Peoples' and local communities' influence in governance, and reported social and ecological outcomes. Findings reveal positive ecological and social outcomes are strongly associated with higher levels of influence of Indigenous Peoples and local communities and their institutions, implying equity in conservation practice should be advanced not only for moral reasons, but because it can enhance conservation effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil M Dawson
- Global Environmental Justice Research Group, School of Global Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
- Centre for the Synthesis and Analysis of Biodiversity (CESAB), French Foundation for Research on Biodiversity (FRB), 34000, Montpellier, France.
| | - Brendan Coolsaet
- Fund for Scientific Research (FNRS), 1000, Brussels, Belgium
- Institute for the Analysis of Change in Contemporary and Historical Societies, UCLouvain, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | - David Brown
- Global Environmental Justice Research Group, School of Global Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
- Centre for Landscape Regeneration, University of Cambridge Conservation Research Institute, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - Bosco Lliso
- World Benchmarking Alliance, 1012 TM, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Basque Centre for Climate Change, 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Jacqueline Loos
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, 1030, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Ecology and Social-Ecological Systems Institute, Leuphana University, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Laura Mannocci
- Centre for the Synthesis and Analysis of Biodiversity (CESAB), French Foundation for Research on Biodiversity (FRB), 34000, Montpellier, France
- MARBEC (Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD), 34070, Montpellier, France
| | - Adrian Martin
- Global Environmental Justice Research Group, School of Global Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Malena Oliva
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad, LANCIS, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Unai Pascual
- Basque Centre for Climate Change, 48940, Leioa, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Pasang Sherpa
- Central Department of Sociology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, 44618, Nepal
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2
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Kachali RN, Dawson NM, Loos J. Institutional rearrangements in the north Luangwa ecosystem: Implications of a shift to community based natural resource management for equity in protected area governance. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33549. [PMID: 39027499 PMCID: PMC11255445 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) is presented as an equitable approach, particularly relative to strict types of Area-based conservation. In Zambia, traditional and formal, contemporary institutions were combined to leverage CBNRM for natural resource management. We investigate whether and how this shift in conservation approach and interaction between institutions works in practice, and to what extent it produces more equitable governance processes. We identified 30 key informants from NGOs and government departments via snowball sampling. We conducted 20 focus group discussions involving local community participants in three Game Management Areas (GMAs) adjacent to North Luangwa National Park. Focus groups were divided by age and gender to minimize any potential influence of unequal power relations. Data collection included informal discussions with individual community members and participant observation. We found that the customary roles held by chiefs gave them relative power over the Community resources board and made them gatekeepers for NGOs and government institutions. Instead of fostering community participation and empowerment, new CBNRM institutions have had the unintended consequence of increasing the customary chiefs' power through commercialization and bureaucratization of their positions. Rather than reinforcing local and indigenous institutions CBNRM has become a vehicle through which governments and NGOs centralize power and manufacture consent while weakening traditional institutions and reproducing existing patterns of inequity. This research provides unique insights into the workings of a CBNRM institution that is a hybrid between traditional (socially embedded) and Government (bureaucratic) institutions. We recommend that rather than simply setting up idealized institutions as a means to devolve power and enhance equity, the realisation of effective local participation and representation in CBNRM projects requires careful assessment of cultural contexts, local institutions and power dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhoda Nthena Kachali
- Institute of Ecology, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany
- Social-Ecological Systems Institute, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Neil M. Dawson
- School of Global Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Loos
- Social-Ecological Systems Institute, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Universitätsallee 1, 21335, Lüneburg, Germany
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, 1030, Vienna, Austria
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3
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Simkins AT, Donald PF, Beresford AE, Butchart SHM, Fa JE, Fernández-Llamazares AO, Garnett ST, Buchanan GM. Rates of tree cover loss in key biodiversity areas on Indigenous Peoples' lands. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024; 38:e14195. [PMID: 37811727 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Indigenous Peoples' lands (IPL) cover at least 38 million km2 (28.1%) of Earth's terrestrial surface. These lands can be important for biodiversity conservation. Around 20.7% of IPL intersect areas protected by government (PAs). Many sites of importance for biodiversity within IPL could make a substantial but hitherto unquantified contribution to global site-based conservation targets. Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) represent the largest global network of systematically identified sites of high importance for biodiversity. We assessed the effectiveness of IPL in slowing biodiversity loss inside and outside PAs by quantifying tree cover loss from 2000 to 2019 in KBAs at international and national levels and comparing it with losses at equivalent sites outside mapped IPL. Based on a matched sample of 1-km2 cells in KBAs inside and outside mapped IPL, tree cover loss in KBAs outside PAs was lower inside IPL than outside IPL. By contrast, tree cover loss in KBAs inside PAs was lower outside IPL than inside IPL (although the difference was far smaller). National rates of tree cover loss in KBAs varied greatly in relation to their IPL and PA status. In one half of the 44 countries we examined individually, there was no significant difference in the rate of tree cover loss in KBAs inside and outside mapped IPL. The reasons for this intercountry variation could illuminate the importance of IPL in meeting the Convention on Biological Diversity's ambition of conserving 30% of land by 2030. Critical to this will be coordinated action by governments to strengthen and enforce Indigenous Peoples' rights, secure their collective systems of tenure and governance, and recognize their aspirations for their lands and futures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Thomas Simkins
- BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul F Donald
- BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Stuart H M Butchart
- BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julia E Fa
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), CIFOR Headquarters, Bogor, Indonesia
| | | | - Stephen T Garnett
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
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4
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Levis C, Flores BM, Campos-Silva JV, Peroni N, Staal A, Padgurschi MCG, Dorshow W, Moraes B, Schmidt M, Kuikuro TW, Kuikuro H, Wauja K, Kuikuro K, Kuikuro A, Fausto C, Franchetto B, Watling J, Lima H, Heckenberger M, Clement CR. Contributions of human cultures to biodiversity and ecosystem conservation. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:866-879. [PMID: 38503867 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02356-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The expansion of globalized industrial societies is causing global warming, ecosystem degradation, and species and language extinctions worldwide. Mainstream conservation efforts still focus on nature protection strategies to revert this crisis, often overlooking the essential roles of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities (IP&LC) in protecting biodiversity and ecosystems globally. Here we assess the scientific literature to identify relationships between biodiversity (including ecosystem diversity) and cultural diversity, and investigate how these connections may affect conservation outcomes in tropical lowland South America. Our assessment reveals a network of interactions and feedbacks between biodiversity and diverse IP&LC, suggesting interconnectedness and interdependencies from which multiple benefits to nature and societies emerge. We illustrate our findings with five case studies of successful conservation models, described as consolidated or promising 'social-ecological hope spots', that show how engagement with IP&LC of various cultures may be the best hope for biodiversity and ecosystem conservation, particularly when aligned with science and technology. In light of these five inspiring cases, we argue that conservation science and policies need to recognize that protecting and promoting both biological and cultural diversities can provide additional co-benefits and solutions to maintain ecosystems resilient in the face of global changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Levis
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
- Affiliated scholar, Brazil LAB, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - Bernardo M Flores
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - João Vitor Campos-Silva
- Instituto Juruá, Manaus, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Nivaldo Peroni
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Arie Staal
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maíra C G Padgurschi
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisas Meteorológicas e Climáticas aplicadas à Agricultura, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Wetherbee Dorshow
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Earth Analytic, Puente Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Bruno Moraes
- Earth Analytic, Puente Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
- Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Brazil
| | - Morgan Schmidt
- Laboratório de Estudos Interdisciplinares em Arqueologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Taku Wate Kuikuro
- Associação Indígena Kuikuro do Alto Xingu, Aldeia Ipatse, Território Indígena do Alto Xingu, Canarana and Gaúcha do Norte, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Huke Kuikuro
- Associação Indígena Kuikuro do Alto Xingu, Aldeia Ipatse, Território Indígena do Alto Xingu, Canarana and Gaúcha do Norte, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Kumessi Wauja
- Associação Indígena Kuikuro do Alto Xingu, Aldeia Ipatse, Território Indígena do Alto Xingu, Canarana and Gaúcha do Norte, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Kalutata Kuikuro
- Associação Indígena Kuikuro do Alto Xingu, Aldeia Ipatse, Território Indígena do Alto Xingu, Canarana and Gaúcha do Norte, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Afukaka Kuikuro
- Associação Indígena Kuikuro do Alto Xingu, Aldeia Ipatse, Território Indígena do Alto Xingu, Canarana and Gaúcha do Norte, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Carlos Fausto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Visiting Research Scholar, Princeton Institute for International and Regional Studies, Brazil LAB, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Bruna Franchetto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia Social, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jennifer Watling
- Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Charles R Clement
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
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Kor L, Fernández-Lucero M, Granados Flórez DA, Dawson TP, Diazgranados M. Bridging local and scientific knowledge for area-based conservation of useful plants in Colombia. AMBIO 2024; 53:309-323. [PMID: 37828254 PMCID: PMC10774498 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-023-01921-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
While the importance of interdisciplinary approaches is increasingly recognised in conservation, bridging knowledge systems across scales remains a fundamental challenge. Focusing on the Important Plant Areas (IPA) approach, we evaluate how complementing scientific and local knowledge can better inform the conservation of useful plants in Colombia. We worked in three municipalities to investigate knowledge on useful plant richness, species composition and use types, as well as perceptions on area-based plant conservation approaches. Participatory focus groups and ethnobotanical walks-in-the-woods were undertaken with local communities, while scientific data were represented by occurrence records from global data aggregators and digitised collections. A total of 1190 species with human uses were reported. Combining knowledge systems provided the richest understanding of useful plants but the relative contribution of each system varied between study areas, influenced by the history of scientific studies, socio-ecological context and study design. Meanwhile, local perceptions of how conservation areas should be selected differed from global IPA criteria. These results show that working with local communities can improve biological understanding for spatial conservation planning. Additionally, participatory approaches must move beyond community-based conservation and data collection, to inform the design of global conservation programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kor
- Research Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AE, UK
- Department of Geography, King's College London, Bush House NE, London, WC2B 4BG, UK
| | - Mateo Fernández-Lucero
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Villa de Leyva, Colombia
| | - Diego Arturo Granados Flórez
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Villa de Leyva, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación MOPUB, Facultad de Artes, Universidad de Ciencia y Desarrollo UNICIENCIA, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Terence P Dawson
- Department of Geography, King's College London, Bush House NE, London, WC2B 4BG, UK
| | - Mauricio Diazgranados
- Research Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AE, UK.
- International Plant Science Center, The New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY, 10458, USA.
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6
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Asase A. Ghana's herbal medicine industry: prospects, challenges and ways forward from a developing country perspective. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1267398. [PMID: 37854720 PMCID: PMC10579918 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1267398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The herbal medicine industry is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. However, no detailed assessments have been undertaken on how to achieve the benefits of this industry for developing countries. This study examined the herbal medicine industry in Ghana, with a particular focus on its prospects, challenges and ways forward. The prospects of the medicinal plant trade are huge, and include reducing the national health budget, being a source of foreign and domestic income, as well as creation of employment and poverty reduction. However, the industry is currently inundated with several challenges, such as registration of herbal medicine products and practitioners, a lack of clinical trials for herbal products, standards and quality control issues, shortage of raw plant materials for production, and insufficient scientific research to support traditional claims on the pharmacological effects of medicinal plants. I propose a number of interventions to address these challenges: increased government support, capacity building initiatives, improved regulation of herbal medicines, application of modern technology in the manufacturing of herbal products, large-scale cultivation of medicinal plants, and improved packaging and branding for herbal medicines. Both the national government and the private sector have crucial roles to deliver in the development of the herbal medicine industry in a country like Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Asase
- Centre for Plant Medicine Research, Mampong-Akuapem, Ghana
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7
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Reyes-García V. Beyond artificial academic debates: for a diverse, inclusive, and impactful ethnobiology and ethnomedicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2023; 19:36. [PMID: 37679793 PMCID: PMC10486112 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-023-00611-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
In answer to the question "Should ethnobiology and ethnomedicine more decisively foster hypothesis-driven forefront research able to turn findings into policy and abandon more classical folkloric studies?", in this essay I argue that a major strength of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine is their ability to bridge theories and methods from the natural sciences, the social sciences, and the humanities. Hypothesis-driven research is a powerful way to structure thinking that can lead to forefront research findings. But hypothesis-driven research is not the only way to structure thinking and is not a necessary condition to impact policymaking. To increase policy impact, ethnobiology and ethnomedicine should continue nurturing a mixture of complementary methods and inclusive approaches as fragmentation through opposing different approaches might weaken the discipline. Moreover, with the aim to play a fundamental role in building bridges between different knowledge systems and co-producing solutions towards sustainability, the discipline could benefit from enlarging its epistemological grounds through more collaborative research. Ethnobiologists' research findings, hypothesis-driven, descriptive, or co-constructed can become leverage points to transform knowledge into actionable outcomes in different levels of decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Reyes-García
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ICTA-UAB), Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
- Departament d'Antropologia Social i Cultural, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
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8
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Orlove B, Sherpa P, Dawson N, Adelekan I, Alangui W, Carmona R, Coen D, Nelson MK, Reyes-García V, Rubis J, Sanago G, Wilson A. Placing diverse knowledge systems at the core of transformative climate research. AMBIO 2023; 52:1431-1447. [PMID: 37103778 PMCID: PMC10406791 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-023-01857-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We argue that solutions-based research must avoid treating climate change as a merely technical problem, recognizing instead that it is symptomatic of the history of European and North American colonialism. It must therefore be addressed by decolonizing the research process and transforming relations between scientific expertise and the knowledge systems of Indigenous Peoples and of local communities. Partnership across diverse knowledge systems can be a path to transformative change only if those systems are respected in their entirety, as indivisible cultural wholes of knowledge, practices, values, and worldviews. This argument grounds our specific recommendations for governance at the local, national, and international scales. As concrete mechanisms to guide collaboration across knowledge systems, we propose a set of instruments based on the principles of consent, intellectual and cultural autonomy, and justice. We recommend these instruments as tools to ensure that collaborations across knowledge systems embody just partnerships in support of a decolonial transformation of relations between human communities and between humanity and the more-than-human world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Orlove
- School of International and Public Affairs and Columbia Climate School, Columbia University, 420 West 118th Street, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Pasang Sherpa
- Department of Sociology, Trichandra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, 44605 Nepal
| | - Neil Dawson
- Global Environmental Justice Research Group, School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Ibidun Adelekan
- Department of Geography, Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Wilfredo Alangui
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, College of Science, University of the Philippines Baguio, Governor Pack Road, Baguio, 2600 Philippines
| | - Rosario Carmona
- Department of Anthropology of the Americas, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Center for Integrated Disaster Risk Management (CIGIDEN), Pedro Torres 460, apt. 405 B, Santiago, Chile
| | - Deborah Coen
- Department of History and Program in the History of Science & Medicine, Yale University, 320 York St, New Haven, CT 06511 USA
| | - Melissa K. Nelson
- School of Sustainability, College of Global Futures, Arizona State University, 777 E. University Dr, Tempe, AZ 85281 USA
| | - Victoria Reyes-García
- ICREA and Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Gideon Sanago
- Pastoralists Indigenous NGO’s Forum (PINGO’s Forum), P.O.Box 14437, Sakina kwa Iddi, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Andrew Wilson
- School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University, 420 West 118th Street, New York, NY 10027 USA
- Global Policy Lab, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
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Buchadas A, Jung M, Bustamante M, Fernández-Llamazares Á, Garnett ST, Nanni AS, Ribeiro N, Meyfroidt P, Kuemmerle T. Tropical dry woodland loss occurs disproportionately in areas of highest conservation value. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:4880-4897. [PMID: 37365752 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Tropical and subtropical dry woodlands are rich in biodiversity and carbon. Yet, many of these woodlands are under high deforestation pressure and remain weakly protected. Here, we assessed how deforestation dynamics relate to areas of woodland protection and to conservation priorities across the world's tropical dry woodlands. Specifically, we characterized different types of deforestation frontier from 2000 to 2020 and compared them to protected areas (PAs), Indigenous Peoples' lands and conservation areas for biodiversity, carbon and water. We found that global conservation priorities were always overrepresented in tropical dry woodlands compared to the rest of the globe (between 4% and 96% more than expected, depending on the type of conservation priority). Moreover, about 41% of all dry woodlands were characterized as deforestation frontiers, and these frontiers have been falling disproportionately in areas with important regional (i.e. tropical dry woodland) conservation assets. While deforestation frontiers were identified within all tropical dry woodland classes of woodland protection, they were lower than the average within protected areas coinciding with Indigenous Peoples' lands (23%), and within other PAs (28%). However, within PAs, deforestation frontiers have also been disproportionately affecting regional conservation assets. Many emerging deforestation frontiers were identified outside but close to PAs, highlighting a growing threat that the conserved areas of dry woodland will become isolated. Understanding how deforestation frontiers coincide with major types of current woodland protection can help target context-specific conservation policies and interventions to tropical dry woodland conservation assets (e.g. PAs in which deforestation is rampant require stronger enforcement, inactive deforestation frontiers could benefit from restoration). Our analyses also identify recurring patterns that can be used to test the transferability of governance approaches and promote learning across social-ecological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Buchadas
- Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Integrated Research Institute on Transformations of Human-Environment Systems (IRI THESys), Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Jung
- Biodiversity, Ecology and Conservation Research Group, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Mercedes Bustamante
- Department of Ecology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Fernández-Llamazares
- Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Ciència I Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stephen T Garnett
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Ana Sofía Nanni
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (UNT-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Natasha Ribeiro
- Faculty of Agronomy and Forest Engineering, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Patrick Meyfroidt
- Earth and Life Institute, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- F.R.S.-FNRS, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tobias Kuemmerle
- Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Integrated Research Institute on Transformations of Human-Environment Systems (IRI THESys), Berlin, Germany
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10
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Herbst DF, Rampon J, Baleeiro B, Silva LG, Fossile T, Colonese AC. 180 years of marine animal diversity as perceived by public media in southern Brazil. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284024. [PMID: 37384661 PMCID: PMC10309598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Commoditization of marine resources has dramatically increased anthropogenic footprints on coastal and ocean systems, but the scale of these impacts remain unclear due to a pervasive lack of historical baselines. Through the analysis of historical newspapers, this paper explores changes in marine animals (vertebrates and invertebrates) targeted by historical fisheries in southern Brazil since the late 19th century. The investigation of historical newspaper archives revealed unprecedented information on catch composition, and perceived social and economic importance of key species over decades, predating official national-level landing records. We show that several economically and culturally important species have been under persistent fishing pressure at least since the first national-scale subsidies were introduced for commercial fisheries in Brazil in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Our work expands the current knowledge on historical fish catch compositions in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean, while advocating for the integration of historical data in ocean sustainability initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dannieli Firme Herbst
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA) and Department of Prehistory, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jara Rampon
- Departament of Ecology and Zoology, ECZ/CCB, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Bruna Baleeiro
- Departament of Ecology and Zoology, ECZ/CCB, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Luiz Geraldo Silva
- Department of History, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brazil
| | - Thiago Fossile
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA) and Department of Prehistory, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - André Carlo Colonese
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA) and Department of Prehistory, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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11
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Biocultural vulnerability exposes threats of culturally important species. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217303120. [PMID: 36595703 PMCID: PMC9926262 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217303120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There are growing calls for conservation frameworks that, rather than breaking the relations between people and other parts of nature, capture place-based relationships that have supported social-ecological systems over the long term. Biocultural approaches propose actions based on biological conservation priorities and cultural values aligned with local priorities, but mechanisms that allow their global uptake are missing. We propose a framework to globally assess the biocultural status of specific components of nature that matter to people and apply it to culturally important species (CIS). Drawing on a literature review and a survey, we identified 385 wild species, mostly plants, which are culturally important. CIS predominate among Indigenous peoples (57%) and ethnic groups (21%). CIS have a larger proportion of Data-Deficient species (41%) than the full set of International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) species (12%), underscoring the disregard of cultural considerations in biological research. Combining information on CIS biological conservation status (IUCN threatened status) and cultural status (language vitality), we found that more CIS are culturally Vulnerable or Endangered than they are biologically and that there is a higher share of bioculturally Endangered or Vulnerable CIS than of either biologically or culturally Endangered CIS measured separately. Bioculturally Endangered or Vulnerable CIS are particularly predominant among Indigenous peoples, arguably because of the high levels of cultural loss among them. The deliberate connection between biological and cultural values, as developed in our "biocultural status" metric, provides an actionable way to guide decisions and operationalize global actions oriented to enhance place-based practices with demonstrated long-term sustainability.
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12
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García-del-Amo D, Mortyn PG, Reyes-García V. Local reports of climate change impacts in Sierra Nevada, Spain: sociodemographic and geographical patterns. REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE 2022; 23:14. [PMID: 36540304 PMCID: PMC9758096 DOI: 10.1007/s10113-022-01981-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
While we know that climate change is having different impacts on various ecosystems and regions of the world, we know less how the perception of such impacts varies within a population. In this study, we examine patterns of individual variation in climate change impacts reports using data from a sample (n = 238) drawn from 33 mountainous municipalities of Sierra Nevada, Spain. Sierra Nevada inhabitants report multiple climate change impacts, being the most frequently reported changes in snowfall and snow cover, abundance of terrestrial fauna, freshwater availability, and extreme temperatures. Reports of climate change impacts vary according to informants' sociodemographic characteristics and geographical location. People with life-long bonds with the environment and higher connection and dependence upon ecosystem services report more climate change impacts than other informants, as do people with lower level of schooling. We also found that reports of climate change impacts vary according to geographic areas, which reinforces the idea that climate change generates differentiated impacts even at small geographical scales. Understanding intracultural variation in reports of climate change impacts not only gives an enriched picture of the human dimensions of climate change but might also help design more targeted mitigation and adaptation responses. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10113-022-01981-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- David García-del-Amo
- Institut de Ciència I Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Columnes S/N. Building ICTA-IPC (Z) UAB Campus, 08193 Bellaterra - Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Graham Mortyn
- Institut de Ciència I Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Columnes S/N. Building ICTA-IPC (Z) UAB Campus, 08193 Bellaterra - Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Geography, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra - Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Reyes-García
- Institut de Ciència I Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Columnes S/N. Building ICTA-IPC (Z) UAB Campus, 08193 Bellaterra - Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Miara MD, Negadi M, Tabak S, Bendif H, Dahmani W, Ait Hammou M, Sahnoun T, Snorek J, Porcher V, Reyes‐García V, Teixidor‐Toneu I. Climate Change Impacts Can Be Differentially Perceived Across Time Scales: A Study Among the Tuareg of the Algerian Sahara. GEOHEALTH 2022; 6:e2022GH000620. [PMID: 36330077 PMCID: PMC9623530 DOI: 10.1029/2022gh000620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As an Indigenous community of Algeria and the broader Sahel, the Tuareg hold unique ecological knowledge, which might contribute to broader models of place-based climate change impacts. Between January and April 2019, we carried out semi-structured interviews (N = 23) and focus group discussions (N = 3) in five villages of the province of Illizi, Algeria, to document the local Tuareg community's timeline and ecological calendar, both of which are instruments used to understand place-based reports of climate change impacts. The livelihoods of the Tuareg of Illizi are finely tuned to climate variability as reflected in changes reported in the cadence of events in their ecological calendar (marked by cyclical climatic and religious events). Participants reported rain and temperature irregularities and severe drought events, which have impacted their pastoral and semi-pastoral livelihoods. These reports are aligned with scientifically measured climate observations and predictions. Paradoxically, although participants recall with detail the climatic disasters that happened in the region over the last century, the Tuareg do not explicitly report decadal trends in the frequency of extreme events. The differential perception of climate change impacts across scales can have important implications for undertaking climate change adaptation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. D. Miara
- Department and Faculty of Nature and Life SciencesLaboratory of Agro‐Biotechnology and Nutrition in Semi‐arid AreasIbn Khaldoun University of TiaretTiaretAlgeria
| | - M. Negadi
- Department and Faculty of Nature and Life SciencesLaboratory of Agro‐Biotechnology and Nutrition in Semi‐arid AreasIbn Khaldoun University of TiaretTiaretAlgeria
| | - S. Tabak
- Department and Faculty of Nature and Life SciencesLaboratory of Agro‐Biotechnology and Nutrition in Semi‐arid AreasIbn Khaldoun University of TiaretTiaretAlgeria
| | - H. Bendif
- Department of Natural and Life SciencesFaculty of SciencesUniversity of M'silaM'silaAlgeria
| | - W. Dahmani
- Department and Faculty of Nature and Life SciencesLaboratory of Agro‐Biotechnology and Nutrition in Semi‐arid AreasIbn Khaldoun University of TiaretTiaretAlgeria
| | - M. Ait Hammou
- Department and Faculty of Nature and Life SciencesLaboratory of Agro‐Biotechnology and Nutrition in Semi‐arid AreasIbn Khaldoun University of TiaretTiaretAlgeria
| | - T. Sahnoun
- House of Agriculture of the Wilaya of IlliziIlliziAlgeria
| | - J. Snorek
- Department of Environmental StudiesDartmouth CollegeHanoverNHUSA
| | - V. Porcher
- Insitut de Ciència i Tecnologia AmbientalsUniveristat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
| | - V. Reyes‐García
- Insitut de Ciència i Tecnologia AmbientalsUniveristat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterraSpain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)BarcelonaSpain
| | - I. Teixidor‐Toneu
- Natural History MuseumUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Centre d’Écologie Fonctionnelle et ÉvolutiveCNRSMontpellierFrance
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14
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Estrada A, Garber PA, Gouveia S, Fernández-Llamazares Á, Ascensão F, Fuentes A, Garnett ST, Shaffer C, Bicca-Marques J, Fa JE, Hockings K, Shanee S, Johnson S, Shepard GH, Shanee N, Golden CD, Cárdenas-Navarrete A, Levey DR, Boonratana R, Dobrovolski R, Chaudhary A, Ratsimbazafy J, Supriatna J, Kone I, Volampeno S. Global importance of Indigenous Peoples, their lands, and knowledge systems for saving the world's primates from extinction. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn2927. [PMID: 35947670 PMCID: PMC9365284 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn2927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Primates, represented by 521 species, are distributed across 91 countries primarily in the Neotropic, Afrotropic, and Indo-Malayan realms. Primates inhabit a wide range of habitats and play critical roles in sustaining healthy ecosystems that benefit human and nonhuman communities. Approximately 68% of primate species are threatened with extinction because of global pressures to convert their habitats for agricultural production and the extraction of natural resources. Here, we review the scientific literature and conduct a spatial analysis to assess the significance of Indigenous Peoples' lands in safeguarding primate biodiversity. We found that Indigenous Peoples' lands account for 30% of the primate range, and 71% of primate species inhabit these lands. As their range on these lands increases, primate species are less likely to be classified as threatened or have declining populations. Safeguarding Indigenous Peoples' lands, languages, and cultures represents our greatest chance to prevent the extinction of the world's primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Estrada
- Institute of Biology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Paul A. Garber
- Department of Anthropology and Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Sidney Gouveia
- Department of Ecology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão - SE, Brazil
| | | | - Fernando Ascensão
- cE3c—Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes and CHANGE—Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C2, 5° Piso, Sala 2.5.46, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Agustin Fuentes
- Department of Anthropology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Stephen T. Garnett
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, College of Engineering, Casuarina, Northern Territory 0909, Australia
| | - Christopher Shaffer
- Department of Anthropology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401, USA
| | | | - Julia E. Fa
- School of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), CIFOR Headquarters, Bogor 16115, Indonesia
| | | | - Sam Shanee
- Neotropical Primate Conservation, London, UK
| | - Steig Johnson
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Glenn H. Shepard
- Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belém do Para, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Antropologia Social, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Department of Anthropology, American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central Park West, New York, NY 10024-5102, USA
| | | | - Christopher D. Golden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Dallas R. Levey
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- National Autonomous University of Mexico, Institute of Biology, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Ramesh Boonratana
- Mahidol University International College, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | | | - Abhishek Chaudhary
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Jonah Ratsimbazafy
- Groupe d’étude et de recherche sur les primates (Gerp), Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Jatna Supriatna
- Graduate Program in Conservation Biology, Department of Biology, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Inza Kone
- Centre Suisse des Recherches Scientifiques, Université de Cocody, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
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15
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Gillette MB, Singleton BE. Inevitable epistemological conflict: Reflections on a disagreement over the relationship between science and indigenous and local knowledge. AMBIO 2022; 51:1904-1905. [PMID: 35579855 PMCID: PMC9200913 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-022-01739-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maris Boyd Gillette
- Environmental Social Science, School of Global Studies, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Environmental Social Science, School of Global Studies, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Benedict E Singleton
- Environmental Social Science, School of Global Studies, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Environmental Social Science, School of Global Studies, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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16
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Christianson AC, Sutherland CR, Moola F, Gonzalez Bautista N, Young D, MacDonald H. Centering Indigenous Voices: The Role of Fire in the Boreal Forest of North America. CURRENT FORESTRY REPORTS 2022; 8:257-276. [PMID: 36217365 PMCID: PMC9537118 DOI: 10.1007/s40725-022-00168-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Indigenous perspectives have often been overlooked in fire management in North America. With a focus on the boreal region of North America, this paper provides a review of the existing literature documenting Indigenous voices and the historical relationship of Indigenous peoples in northern North America to fire and landscapes that burn. RECENT FINDINGS Early research on the topic explored how Indigenous people used fire in the boreal forest, with most research coming out of case studies in northern Alberta. Emerging research in the last two decades has broadened the geographic focus to include case studies in Alaska, Ontario, Labrador, and other regions in North America. This broadening of focus has shown that the diversity of Indigenous peoples in North America is reflected in a diversity of relationships to fire and landscapes that burn. Of note is an emerging interest in Indigenous fire knowledge in the wake of settler colonialism. SUMMARY Indigenous peoples in the boreal forest have applied fire on their landscapes to fulfill numerous objectives for thousands of years. More than a tool, Indigenous peoples in the boreal view fire as an agent, capable of movement, destruction and creation, acting on the landscape to create order, within a living, connected environment. Unfortunately, restrictions on the application of Indigenous fire knowledge and practice initiated during early colonial times remains a contemporary challenge as well. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40725-022-00168-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Cardinal Christianson
- Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Northern Forestry Centre, 5320 – 122 St, Edmonton, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5 Canada
- National Fire Management Division, Natural Resource Management Branch, Parks Canada, Rocky Mountain House National Historic Site, Rocky Mountain House, T4T 2A4 Canada
| | - Colin Robert Sutherland
- Conservation Through Reconciliation Partnership, Department of Geography, Environment & Geomatics, University of Guelph, 350 Hutt Building, Guelph, ON N1G2W1 Canada
| | - Faisal Moola
- Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics, University of Guelph, 350 Hutt Building, Guelph, ON N1G2W1 Canada
| | - Noémie Gonzalez Bautista
- Centre Interuniversitaire d’études et de recherches autochtones (CIÉRA), Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - David Young
- Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Northern Forestry Centre, 5320 – 122 St, Edmonton, Edmonton, AB T6H 3S5 Canada
| | - Heather MacDonald
- Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, 1219 Queen Street, Sault Ste. Marie, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5 Canada
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17
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North–South Dialogue on Territorial Policies and Discourses: Insights for the Future of Nature Conservation. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11070994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Environmental issues such as the progressive loss of biodiversity on a global scale and climate change cannot be separated from other territorial problems caused by social injustice, economic inequality, access to natural resources, gender violence and the fight for human and nature’s rights. The evaluation of biodiversity management strategies must by necessity draw on a retrospective look at the interpretation of the problem and the conceptual approach of the general territorial management policies in which they are framed. From a critical view, these approaches have different nuances depending on the historical journey, theories and main actors involved with territorial policies in different regions of the world. In this work, we apply qualitative content analysis to contrast the key concepts on which the main European territorial policies of recent decades have been based with the main guidelines of the emerging Latin American territorial perspectives. Thus, we seek to initiate a dialogue between the northern hemisphere’s globally hegemonic notions of nature, territory, biodiversity and its management and new theories and proposals from the South, whilst simultaneously contrasting both with the content of the latest Convention on Biological Biodiversity Strategic Plan 2011–2020. We conclude with some recommendations aimed at building bridges and contributing to the construction of future global conservation strategies from a critical and territorial perspective that tends towards integrating sustainability with social and environmental justice.
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Moon
- School of Business University of New South Wales Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Katharina‐Victoria Pérez‐Hämmerle
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Centre of Biodiversity and Conservation Science The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
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19
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Buelow CA, Connolly RM, Turschwell MP, Adame MF, Ahmadia GN, Andradi-Brown DA, Bunting P, Canty SWJ, Dunic JC, Friess DA, Lee SY, Lovelock CE, McClure EC, Pearson RM, Sievers M, Sousa AI, Worthington TA, Brown CJ. Ambitious global targets for mangrove and seagrass recovery. Curr Biol 2022; 32:1641-1649.e3. [PMID: 35196506 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to halt and reverse loss of mangroves and seagrass to protect and increase the ecosystem services they provide to coastal communities, such as enhancing coastal resilience and contributing to climate stability.1,2 Ambitious targets for their recovery can inspire public and private investment in conservation,3 but the expected outcomes of different protection and restoration strategies are unclear. We estimated potential recovery of mangroves and seagrass through gains in ecosystem extent to the year 2070 under a range of protection and restoration strategies implemented until the year 2050. Under a protection-only scenario, the current trajectories of net mangrove loss slowed, and a minor net gain in global seagrass extent (∼1%) was estimated. Protection alone is therefore unlikely to drive sufficient recovery. However, if action is taken to both protect and restore, net gains of up to 5% and 35% of mangroves and seagrasses, respectively, could be achieved by 2050. Further, protection and restoration can be complementary, as protection prevents losses that would otherwise occur post-2050, highlighting the importance of implementing protection measures. Our findings provide the scientific evidence required for setting strategic and ambitious targets to inspire significant global investment and effort in mangrove and seagrass conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Buelow
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Rod M Connolly
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Mischa P Turschwell
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Maria F Adame
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Gabby N Ahmadia
- Ocean Conservation, World Wildlife Fund, 1250 24th Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20037, USA
| | - Dominic A Andradi-Brown
- Ocean Conservation, World Wildlife Fund, 1250 24th Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20037, USA; Mangrove Specialist Group, International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Conservation Programmes, Zoological Society of London, Regents Park, London NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Pete Bunting
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, Wales SY23 3DB, UK
| | - Steven W J Canty
- Smithsonian Marine Station, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, FL 34949, USA; Working Land and Seascapes, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013, USA
| | - Jillian C Dunic
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Daniel A Friess
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, 1 Arts Link, Singapore 117570, Singapore; Centre for Nature-based Climate Solutions, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore; Mangrove Specialist Group, International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Conservation Programmes, Zoological Society of London, Regents Park, London NW1 4RY, UK
| | - Shing Yip Lee
- Mangrove Specialist Group, International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Conservation Programmes, Zoological Society of London, Regents Park, London NW1 4RY, UK; Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Catherine E Lovelock
- Mangrove Specialist Group, International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Conservation Programmes, Zoological Society of London, Regents Park, London NW1 4RY, UK; The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Eva C McClure
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Ryan M Pearson
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Michael Sievers
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Ana I Sousa
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Thomas A Worthington
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - Christopher J Brown
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
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20
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Reyes-García V, Fernández-Llamazares Á, Aumeeruddy-Thomas Y, Benyei P, Bussmann RW, García-Del-Amo D, Hanazaki N, Luz AC, McElwee P, Meretsky VJ, Molnár Z, Ruiz-Mallén I, Salpeteur M, Brondizio ES. Response to "Practice what you preach: Ensuring scientific spheres integrate Indigenous Peoples' and Local Communities' rights and agency too" by Lopez-Maldonado. AMBIO 2022; 51:813-814. [PMID: 34859384 PMCID: PMC8800989 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01676-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Reyes-García
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 - Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Álvaro Fernández-Llamazares
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Petra Benyei
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 - Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rainer W Bussmann
- Department of Ethnobotany, Institute of Botany and Bakuriani Alpine Botanical Garden, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - David García-Del-Amo
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 - Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Hanazaki
- Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Ana C Luz
- ISEG- Lisbon School of Economics & Management, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pamela McElwee
- Department of Human Ecology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Vicky J Meretsky
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Zsolt Molnár
- MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Isabel Ruiz-Mallén
- Internet Interdisciplinary Institute, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matthieu Salpeteur
- Patrimoines Locaux, Environnement et Globalisation (PALOC), French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Eduardo S Brondizio
- Department of Anthropology, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, USA
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Lopez-Maldonado Y. Practice what you preach: Ensuring scientific spheres integrate Indigenous Peoples' and Local Communities' rights and agency too. AMBIO 2022; 51:811-812. [PMID: 34859385 PMCID: PMC8800993 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01663-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
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Linking Conservation, Community Knowledge, and Adaptation to Extreme Climatic Events: A Case Study in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13116478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study is based on ethnographic research that analyzes how traditional knowledge and local beliefs on biodiversity conservation relates to the local ability to adapt and be resilient to climatic changes in two communities around Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique: Nhanfisse in the buffer zone and Muanandimae in the core area. A total of 78 semi-structured interviews with heads of households were conducted. We found that both communities carried out practices and held beliefs associated with conservation, such as protecting trees and animal species considered sacred or perceived as beneficial for human life in terms of water provision and agricultural production. In addition to traditional ceremonies that respond to extreme climatic events such as drought and flood, other adaptation strategies used by the communities include moving to neighboring areas in search of better living conditions and using forest products in times of scarcity. We discuss that the management of the park should be agreed on, in a shared way, between local communities and conservation agents to ensure that these areas continue to perform the ecological, subsistence, and spiritual functions required. Our research results contribute to a better understanding of local adaptation dynamics towards extreme climatic events and improvement of management strategies.
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