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Robert E, Goonewardene K, Lamboo L, Perez O, Goolia M, Lewis C, Erdelyan CNG, Lung O, Handel K, Moffat E, Embury-Hyatt C, Amaya NN, Parra CPC, Rueda DCG, Monroy MAR, Clavijo A, Ambagala A. Molecular and Pathological Characterization of Classical Swine Fever Virus Genotype 2 Strains Responsible for the 2013-2018 Outbreak in Colombia. Viruses 2023; 15:2308. [PMID: 38140549 PMCID: PMC10747092 DOI: 10.3390/v15122308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious transboundary viral disease of domestic and wild pigs. Despite mass vaccination and continuous eradication programs, CSF remains endemic in Asia, some countries in Europe, the Caribbean and South America. Since June 2013, Northern Colombia has reported 137 CSF outbreaks, mostly in backyard production systems with low vaccination coverage. The purpose of this study was to characterize the virus responsible for the outbreak. Phylogenetic analysis based on the full-length E2 sequence shows that the virus is closely related to CSF virus (CSFV) genotype 2.6 strains circulating in Southeast Asia. The pathotyping experiment suggests that the virus responsible is a moderately virulent strain. The 190 nucleotide stretch of the E2 hypervariable region of these isolates also shows high similarity to the CSFV isolates from Colombia in 2005 and 2006, suggesting a common origin for the CSF outbreaks caused by genotype 2.6 strains. The emergence of genotype 2.6 in Colombia suggests a potential transboundary spread of CSFV from Asia to the Americas, complicating the ongoing CSF eradication efforts in the Americas, and emphasizes the need for continuous surveillance in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Robert
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Kalhari Goonewardene
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Lindsey Lamboo
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Orlando Perez
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Melissa Goolia
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Charles Lewis
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Cassidy N. G. Erdelyan
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Oliver Lung
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Katherine Handel
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Estella Moffat
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Carissa Embury-Hyatt
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Nancy Naranjo Amaya
- National Veterinary Laboratory, Instituto Colombiano Agropecurio, Bogota 110911, DC, Colombia; (N.N.A.); (C.P.C.P.); (D.C.G.R.); (M.A.R.M.)
| | - Claudia Patricia Calderón Parra
- National Veterinary Laboratory, Instituto Colombiano Agropecurio, Bogota 110911, DC, Colombia; (N.N.A.); (C.P.C.P.); (D.C.G.R.); (M.A.R.M.)
| | - Diana Cristina Gómez Rueda
- National Veterinary Laboratory, Instituto Colombiano Agropecurio, Bogota 110911, DC, Colombia; (N.N.A.); (C.P.C.P.); (D.C.G.R.); (M.A.R.M.)
| | - Maria Antonia Rincón Monroy
- National Veterinary Laboratory, Instituto Colombiano Agropecurio, Bogota 110911, DC, Colombia; (N.N.A.); (C.P.C.P.); (D.C.G.R.); (M.A.R.M.)
| | - Alfonso Clavijo
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
| | - Aruna Ambagala
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada; (E.R.); (K.G.); (L.L.); (O.P.); (M.G.); (C.L.); (C.N.G.E.); (O.L.); (K.H.); (E.M.); (C.E.-H.); (A.C.)
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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Singh N, Batra K, Chaudhary D, Punia M, Kumar A, Maan NS, Maan S. Prevalence of porcine viral respiratory diseases in India. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:1642-1654. [PMID: 35112631 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2032117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The pig industry is growing rapidly in India and contributes a major share of growth in the livestock sector. Over the last few years, there is a gradual increase in the adoption of pigs for production by economically weaker sections of the country. However, this production is affected by many respiratory diseases which are responsible for significant economic loss. The occurrence and impact of these diseases are still under-documented. The four important pathogens including porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), swine influenza A viruses (SIV) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) are documented here. These diseases are highly devastating in nature and frequent outbreaks have been reported from different parts of the country. The rapid and specific diagnosis, effective prevention and control measures are required for the eradication of these diseases which is urgently required for the growth of the pig industry. This review highlights the prevalence, epidemiology, diagnostics and information gaps on important respiratory viral pathogens of pigs reported from different parts of India. This review also emphasizes the importance of these viral diseases and the urgent need to develop vaccines and effective measures for the eradication of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Singh
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science (LUVAS), Hisar, India
| | - Kanisht Batra
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science (LUVAS), Hisar, India
| | - Deepika Chaudhary
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science (LUVAS), Hisar, India
| | - Monika Punia
- Department of Biotechnology, Ch. Devi Lal University, Sirsa, India
| | - Aman Kumar
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science (LUVAS), Hisar, India
| | - Narender Singh Maan
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science (LUVAS), Hisar, India
| | - Sushila Maan
- College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science (LUVAS), Hisar, India
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E-2 Glycoprotein Structural Variations Analysed within the CSFV 2.2. Genogroup in a “Closed Grid” Sampling Study from Meghalaya, India. MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres14010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CSF is enzootic in most of pig-producing states, particularly in the NorthEastern (NE) region of India. In this study, a total of 249 sera and 190 tissue samples were collected from different parts of Meghalaya. Samples were processed by ELISA and RT-PCR for serological and molecular diagnosis. Representative positive samples from the Khasi Hills region were selected for sequencing and “close grid” phylogenetic relationship using partial genomic regions of 5′UTR and E2. High seroprevalence (74.7%) of CSFV was recorded. Detection of the CSFV genome in serologically positive serum samples and tissue samples was 61.29% and 18.94%, respectively. BLAST and phylogenetic analyses indicate the clustering of all the field samples in subgroup 2.2, with high identity with EF014334 from China. Molecular structural modelling of the E2 partial sequence using representative sequences MG563797 from Meghalaya and EF014334 from China indicate potential changes in the protein motif and its conformation, which may explain the emergence of subgroup 2.2 CSFV replacing the predominant subgroup 1.1 viruses in NorthEast India. The epidemiological information presented in this study may be helpful for determination of disease incidence in this region, whereas the virus profile may be useful for framing disease control programs.
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Chen N, Wang Q, Hu Y, Sun Y, Li J, Wu H, Xu L, Liu H, Yang C, Chen X, Deng Y, Xia Y, Zhang Q, Cheng S, Fan A, Chen G. Comparative efficacy evaluation of different CSF vaccines in pigs with CSF maternally derived antibodies. Vet Microbiol 2022; 273:109541. [PMID: 36027683 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious and important swine disease in China. Sporadic outbreaks with mild clinical signs are still being reported despite massive vaccination with the CSF C-strain vaccine. One possible reason for vaccine failure could be interference from maternally derived antibodies (MDAs) during vaccination in the field. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of different CSF vaccines in the presence of MDAs and to assess the different vaccination schemes in the field. The results demonstrated that vaccination with a single dose of C-strain-PK vaccine protected pigs against severe clinical signs and significantly reduced viremia. The impact of MDAs was negligible. The interference was also mild during a prime and boost vaccination scheme using the C-strain-ST vaccine. In contrast, a significant influence of MDAs on the efficacy of the subunit E2 vaccine in a one-dose vaccination scheme was observed, with pigs showing severe clinical signs, CSF-associated death, typical pathological lesions and a high level of viremia after challenge, despite robust E2 antibody induction. A field vaccination and challenge study further confirmed the superior effectiveness of a single dose of C-strain-PK vaccine in the presence of MDAs in comparison to a routine prime and boost vaccination scheme applied in the field, with pigs having fever, chronic signs, significant viremia and shedding after challenge. Delaying the vaccination time from the age of 28 days to 45 days, when MDA was low, was beneficial for improving the clinical protection and immunity induced by vaccines. Altogether, the results presented here emphasize that a high-quality vaccine and a scientific design of the vaccination scheme based on serological surveillance are essential pillars to control and eliminate CSF in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Chen
- Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica (China) Co. Ltd., Taizhou 225300, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qin Wang
- World Organisation for Animal Health, Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulong Hu
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyong Sun
- Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica (China) Co. Ltd., Taizhou 225300, People's Republic of China
| | - Junping Li
- World Organisation for Animal Health, Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Huawei Wu
- World Organisation for Animal Health, Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Xu
- World Organisation for Animal Health, Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica (China) Co. Ltd., Taizhou 225300, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenghuai Yang
- World Organisation for Animal Health, Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- World Organisation for Animal Health, Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Deng
- World Organisation for Animal Health, Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingju Xia
- World Organisation for Animal Health, Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianyi Zhang
- World Organisation for Animal Health, Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Cheng
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Aihua Fan
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health (Shanghai) Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghua Chen
- World Organisation for Animal Health, Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China.
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Patil SS, Suresh KP, Hemadri D, Hiremath J, Sridevi R, Krishnamoorthy P, Bhatia S, Roy P. Spatial seroprevalence of classical swine fever in India. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:389. [PMID: 34219195 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02829-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly contagious dreadful disease of pigs leading to 100% mortality in acute form in susceptible population thereby causing huge economic loss to pig farmers. This study was undertaken to assess the seroprevalence of CSF at national level. A two-stage random sampling methodology was adopted that included 271 villages from 115 districts of India. A total of 5848 pig serum samples from twenty-five states and one Union Territory of India were collected during 2018-2019. A percent positivity of 38.52 was found at national level. Puducherry and Sikkim showed the highest and lowest percent positivity respectively. Pigs from the west zone showed the highest seroprevalence of 55.83% and those from the south zone showed the lowest of 30.25%. Adult pigs in the north and east zones showed highest percent positivity of 81.8, whereas pigs of more than 3 years of age showed highest percent positivity of 54.9, 75 and 62.5 in the north east, west and central zones respectively. Young ones showed percent positivity of 41.5 in the south zone. Higher rainfall (> 3 mm/day) and lower temperature (< 26 °C) favoured the existence of disease in the north east region combined with high density of pig population. Amidst no fool proof alert system, seroprevalence is the best method to assess the status of CSF in herd/population that provides the policymakers to plan for control of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharanagouda S Patil
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, India.
| | | | - Divakar Hemadri
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, India
| | - Jagadish Hiremath
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, India
| | - Rajangam Sridevi
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, India
| | - Paramanadham Krishnamoorthy
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sandeep Bhatia
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, MP, India
| | - Parimal Roy
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Yelahanka, Bengaluru, India
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Coronado L, Perera CL, Rios L, Frías MT, Pérez LJ. A Critical Review about Different Vaccines against Classical Swine Fever Virus and Their Repercussions in Endemic Regions. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:154. [PMID: 33671909 PMCID: PMC7918945 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is, without any doubt, one of the most devasting viral infectious diseases affecting the members of Suidae family, which causes a severe impact on the global economy. The reemergence of CSF virus (CSFV) in several countries in America, Asia, and sporadic outbreaks in Europe, sheds light about the serious concern that a potential global reemergence of this disease represents. The negative aspects related with the application of mass stamping out policies, including elevated costs and ethical issues, point out vaccination as the main control measure against future outbreaks. Hence, it is imperative for the scientific community to continue with the active investigations for more effective vaccines against CSFV. The current review pursues to gather all the available information about the vaccines in use or under developing stages against CSFV. From the perspective concerning the evolutionary viral process, this review also discusses the current problematic in CSF-endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liani Coronado
- National Centre for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), OIE Collaborating Centre for Disaster Risk Reduction in Animal Health, San José de las Lajas 32700, Cuba; (L.C.); (C.L.P.); (M.T.F.)
| | - Carmen L. Perera
- National Centre for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), OIE Collaborating Centre for Disaster Risk Reduction in Animal Health, San José de las Lajas 32700, Cuba; (L.C.); (C.L.P.); (M.T.F.)
| | - Liliam Rios
- Reiman Cancer Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada;
| | - María T. Frías
- National Centre for Animal and Plant Health (CENSA), OIE Collaborating Centre for Disaster Risk Reduction in Animal Health, San José de las Lajas 32700, Cuba; (L.C.); (C.L.P.); (M.T.F.)
| | - Lester J. Pérez
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Champaign, IL 61802, USA
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Raut AA, Aasdev A, Mishra A, Dutta B, Bharali A, Konwar N, Dubey CK, Chingtham S, Pawar SD, Raghuvanshi R, Sakhrie A, Sen A, Patil SS, Singh VP, Barman NN. Detection of coinfection of a divergent subgroup of genotype I Japanese encephalitis virus in multiple classical swine fever virus outbreaks in pigs of Assam, India. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:2622-2627. [PMID: 33124192 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A retrospective investigation of pig tissue samples from different classical swine fever virus (CSFV) outbreaks was undertaken employing RT-PCR for possible coinfection with other swine viruses. Four samples from three different outbreaks were found to be coinfected with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Phylogenetic analysis was done based on complete E gene sequenced from all four coinfected samples. This revealed a new introduction of a divergent subgroup of JEV genotype I in India. This is the first report of detection of coinfection of JEV and CSFV in pigs and the first incidence of JEV genotype I in pigs in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin A Raut
- Zoonotic Diseases Group, ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, OIE Reference Laboratory of Avian Influenza, Bhopal, India
| | - Ashutosh Aasdev
- Zoonotic Diseases Group, ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, OIE Reference Laboratory of Avian Influenza, Bhopal, India
| | - Anamika Mishra
- Zoonotic Diseases Group, ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, OIE Reference Laboratory of Avian Influenza, Bhopal, India
| | - Biswajit Dutta
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Arpita Bharali
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Nayanmoni Konwar
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Chandan K Dubey
- Zoonotic Diseases Group, ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, OIE Reference Laboratory of Avian Influenza, Bhopal, India
| | - Santhalembi Chingtham
- Zoonotic Diseases Group, ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, OIE Reference Laboratory of Avian Influenza, Bhopal, India
| | - Satyam D Pawar
- Zoonotic Diseases Group, ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, OIE Reference Laboratory of Avian Influenza, Bhopal, India
| | - Ruchika Raghuvanshi
- Zoonotic Diseases Group, ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, OIE Reference Laboratory of Avian Influenza, Bhopal, India
| | - Aseno Sakhrie
- Zoonotic Diseases Group, ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, OIE Reference Laboratory of Avian Influenza, Bhopal, India
| | - Arnab Sen
- Department of Animal Health, ICAR Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Umian, India
| | - Sharan S Patil
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru, India
| | - Vijendra P Singh
- Zoonotic Diseases Group, ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, OIE Reference Laboratory of Avian Influenza, Bhopal, India
| | - Nagendra N Barman
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
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Gong W, Li J, Wang Z, Sun J, Mi S, Xu J, Cao J, Hou Y, Wang D, Huo X, Sun Y, Wang P, Yuan K, Gao Y, Zhou X, He S, Tu C. Commercial E2 subunit vaccine provides full protection to pigs against lethal challenge with 4 strains of classical swine fever virus genotype 2. Vet Microbiol 2019; 237:108403. [PMID: 31585656 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) still threatens the swine industry in China, with genotype 2 isolates of CSFV dominating the epizootics. In 2018 the first E2 subunit marker vaccine against CSFV (Tian Wen Jing, TWJ-E2®), containing a baculovirus-expressed E2 glycoprotein of a genotype 1.1 vaccine strain, was officially licensed in China and commercialized. To evaluate the cross-protective efficacy of TWJ-E2 against different virulent genotype 2 Chinese field isolates (2.1b, 2.1c, 2.1 h, and 2.2), 4-week-old pigs were immunized with the TWJ-E2 vaccine according to the manufacturer's instructions and then challenged with genotype 2 strains. A group vaccinated with the conventional C-strain vaccine was included for comparison. TWJ-E2 vaccinated pigs developed higher levels of E2 and neutralizing antibodies than those receiving the commercial C-strain vaccine. All TWJ-E2 and C-strain vaccinated pigs survived challenge without development of fever, clinical signs or pathological lesions. In contrast, all unvaccinated control pigs displayed severe CSF disease with 40-100% mortalities by 24 days post challenge. None of the TWJ-E2 and C-strain vaccinated pigs developed viremia, viral shedding from tonsils, Erns protein in the sera, or viral RNA loads in different tissues after challenge, all of which were detected in the challenged unvaccinated controls. We conclude that vaccination of young pigs with TWJ-E2 provides complete immune protection against genotypically heterologous CSFVs and prevents viral shedding after challenge, with an efficacy at least comparable to that elicited by the conventional C-strain vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Gong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Zoonoses Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China; Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, PR China
| | - Junhui Li
- Tecon Biology Joint Stock Company Limited, Urumqi 830013, PR China
| | - Zunbao Wang
- Tecon Biology Joint Stock Company Limited, Urumqi 830013, PR China
| | - Jiumeng Sun
- Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, PR China
| | - Shijiang Mi
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Zoonoses Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China; Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, PR China
| | - Jialun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Zoonoses Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China; Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, PR China
| | - Jian Cao
- Tecon Biology Joint Stock Company Limited, Urumqi 830013, PR China
| | - Yuzhen Hou
- Tecon Biology Joint Stock Company Limited, Urumqi 830013, PR China
| | - Danyang Wang
- Tecon Biology Joint Stock Company Limited, Urumqi 830013, PR China
| | - Xinliang Huo
- Tecon Biology Joint Stock Company Limited, Urumqi 830013, PR China
| | - Yanjun Sun
- Tecon Biology Joint Stock Company Limited, Urumqi 830013, PR China
| | - Pengjiang Wang
- Tecon Biology Joint Stock Company Limited, Urumqi 830013, PR China
| | - Ke Yuan
- Tecon Biology Joint Stock Company Limited, Urumqi 830013, PR China
| | - Yangyi Gao
- Tecon Biology Joint Stock Company Limited, Urumqi 830013, PR China
| | - Xubin Zhou
- Tecon Biology Joint Stock Company Limited, Urumqi 830013, PR China
| | - Sun He
- Tecon Biology Joint Stock Company Limited, Urumqi 830013, PR China.
| | - Changchun Tu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Zoonoses Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China; Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
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Classical swine fever in India: current status and future perspective. Trop Anim Health Prod 2018; 50:1181-1191. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1608-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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