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Wang J, Wang Q, Fu Y, Lu M, Chen L, Liu Z, Fu X, Du X, Yu B, Lu H, Cui W. Swimming short fibrous nasal drops achieving intraventricular administration. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:1249-1262. [PMID: 38522998 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Adequate drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a critical factor in treating central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Inspired by swimming fish and the microstructure of the nasal cavity, this study is the first to develop swimming short fibrous nasal drops that can directly target the nasal mucosa and swim in the nasal cavity, which can effectively deliver drugs to the brain. Briefly, swimming short fibrous nasal drops with charged controlled drug release were fabricated by electrospinning, homogenization, the π-π conjugation between indole group of fibers, the benzene ring of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) inhibitor along with charge-dipole interaction between positively charged poly-lysine (PLL) and negatively charged surface of fibers; this enabled these fibers to stick to nasal mucosa, prolonged the residence time on mucosa, and prevented rapid mucociliary clearance. In vitro, swimming short fibrous nasal drops were biocompatible and inhibited microglial activation by releasing an LRRK2 inhibitor. In vivo, luciferase-labelled swimming short fibrous nasal drops delivered an LRRK2 inhibitor to the brain through the nasal mucosa, alleviating cognitive dysfunction caused by sepsis-associated encephalopathy by inhibiting microglial inflammation and improving synaptic plasticity. Thus, swimming short fibrous nasal drops is a promising strategy for the treatment of CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qiuyun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yifei Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Min Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhiheng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, China
| | - Xiaohan Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiyu Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Buwei Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Han Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Rana MS, Kim S. Bentonite in Korea: A Resource and Research Focus for Biomedical and Cosmetic Industries. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1982. [PMID: 38730788 PMCID: PMC11084843 DOI: 10.3390/ma17091982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
This study provides an in-depth review of bentonite, focusing on its applications in Korea's biomedical and cosmetic sectors. It delves into bentonite's chemical properties, which make it a valuable resource in various industries, particularly in the health and beauty industries. We discuss bentonite's antimicrobial properties, showcasing its effectiveness against a wide range of pathogens and its potential as a biomedicine adjuvant to boost immune responses. Despite its benefits, the review also addresses the need for caution due to its possible side effects when used in human therapy. In the cosmetics industry, bentonite is prized for its ability to absorb impurities, making it a popular ingredient in products from leading brands. The review highlights the ongoing research and development efforts aiming to further explore bentonite's capabilities and applications, underlining the material's significant contribution to advancing Korea's innovation in the biomedical and cosmetic fields. This review suggests that with more research, bentonite's full potential can be unlocked, offering new opportunities for these industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shohel Rana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea;
| | - Shukho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
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Hua T, Li S, Han B. Nanomedicines for intranasal delivery: understanding the nano-bio interactions at the nasal mucus-mucosal barrier. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024; 21:553-572. [PMID: 38720439 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2339335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intranasal administration is an effective drug delivery routes in modern pharmaceutics. However, unlike other in vivo biological barriers, the nasal mucosal barrier is characterized by high turnover and selective permeability, hindering the diffusion of both particulate drug delivery systems and drug molecules. The in vivo fate of administrated nanomedicines is often significantly affected by nano-biointeractions. AREAS COVERED The biological barriers that nanomedicines encounter when administered intranasally are introduced, with a discussion on the factors influencing the interaction between nanomedicines and the mucus layer/mucosal barriers. General design strategies for nanomedicines administered via the nasal route are further proposed. Furthermore, the most common methods to investigate the characteristics and the interactions of nanomedicines when in presence of the mucus layer/mucosal barrier are briefly summarized. EXPERT OPINION Detailed investigation of nanomedicine-mucus/mucosal interactions and exploration of their mechanisms provide solutions for designing better intranasal nanomedicines. Designing and applying nanomedicines with mucus interaction properties or non-mucosal interactions should be customized according to the therapeutic need, considering the target of the drug, i.e. brain, lung or nose. Then how to improve the precise targeting efficiency of nanomedicines becomes a difficult task for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangsiyuan Hua
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou Univesity, Changzhou, PR China
| | - Shuling Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, PR China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
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4
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Chen J, Finlay WH, Vehring R, Martin AR. Characterizing regional drug delivery within the nasal airways. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024; 21:537-551. [PMID: 38568159 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2336494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The nose has been receiving increased attention as a route for drug delivery. As the site of deposition constitutes the first point of contact of the body with the drug, characterization of the regional deposition of intranasally delivered droplets or particles is paramount to formulation and device design of new products. AREAS COVERED This review article summarizes the recent literature on intranasal regional drug deposition evaluated in vivo, in vitro and in silico, with the aim of correlating parameters measured in vitro with formulation and device performance. We also highlight the relevance of regional deposition to two emerging applications: nose-to-brain drug delivery and intranasal vaccines. EXPERT OPINION As in vivo studies of deposition can be costly and time-consuming, researchers have often turned to predictive in vitro and in silico models. Variability in deposition is high due in part to individual differences in nasal geometry, and a complete predictive model of deposition based on spray characteristics remains elusive. Carefully selected or idealized geometries capturing population average deposition can be useful surrogates to in vivo measurements. Continued development of in vitro and in silico models may pave the way for development of less variable and more effective intranasal drug products.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Chen
- Access to Advanced Health Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Warren H Finlay
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Reinhard Vehring
- Access to Advanced Health Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew R Martin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Yuan H, Natekar A, Park J, Lauritsen CG, Viscusi ER, Marmura MJ. Real-world study of intranasal ketamine for use in patients with refractory chronic migraine: a retrospective analysis. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2023; 48:581-587. [PMID: 37253638 DOI: 10.1136/rapm-2022-104223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Subanesthetic ketamine infusion has been used for managing refractory headache in inpatient or outpatient infusion settings. Intranasal ketamine may be an alternative option for outpatient care. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted at a single tertiary headache center to assess the clinical effectiveness and tolerability of intranasal ketamine in patients with refractory chronic migraine. Candidates who received intranasal ketamine between January 2019 and February 2020 were screened through an electronic medical record query. Manual chart reviews and structured telephone interviews were conducted on obtaining informed consent. RESULTS Of 242 subjects screened, 169 (79.9% women) of median (IQR) age 44 (22) years were interviewed. They reported a median (IQR) of 30 (9) monthly headache days and tried 4 (1) classes of preventive medications. Overall, they used 6 (6) sprays per day, with a median (IQR) of spray use of 10 (11) days per month. Intranasal ketamine was reported as 'very effective' in 49.1% and the quality of life was considered 'much better' in 35.5%. At the time of the interview, 65.1% remained current intranasal ketamine users and 74.0% reported at least one adverse event. CONCLUSION In this descriptive study, intranasal ketamine served as an acute treatment for refractory chronic migraine by reducing headache intensity and improving quality of life with relatively tolerable adverse events. Most patients found intranasal ketamine effective and continued to use it despite these adverse events. Given the potential for overuse, it should be reserved for those clearly in need of more effective rescue treatment with appropriate safety precautions. Well-designed prospective placebo-controlled trials are necessary to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of intranasal ketamine in patients with migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiangkuo Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Jade Park
- Department of Neurology, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Clinton G Lauritsen
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eugene R Viscusi
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael J Marmura
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Kumar A, Joshi D. Effect of ambient temperature and respiration rate on nasal dominance: preliminary findings from a nostril-specific wearable. J Breath Res 2023; 17:046011. [PMID: 37611568 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/acf339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The nasal dominance (ND) determination is crucial for nasal synchronized ventilator, optimum nasal drug delivery, identifying brain hemispheric dominance, nasal airway obstruction surgery, mindfulness breathing, and for possible markers of a conscious state. Given these wider applications of ND, it is interesting to understand the patterns of ND with varying temperature and respiration rates. In this paper, we propose a method which measures peak-to-peak temperature oscillations (difference between end-expiratory and end-inspiratory temperature) for the left and right nostrils during nasal breathing. These nostril-specific temperature oscillations are further used to calculate the nasal dominance index (NDI), nasal laterality ratio (NLR), inter-nostril correlation, and mean of peak-to-peak temperature oscillation for inspiratory and expiratory phase at (1) different ambient temperatures of 18 °C, 28 °C, and 38 °C and (2) at three different respiration rate of 6 bpm, 12 bpm, and 18 bpm. The peak-to-peak temperature (Tpp) oscillation range (averaged across participants;n= 8) for the left and right nostril were 3.80 ± 0.57 °C and 2.34 ± 0.61 °C, 2.03 ± 0.20 °C and 1.40 ± 0.26 °C, and 0.20 ± 0.02 °C and 0.29 ± 0.03 °C at the ambient temperature of 18 °C, 28 °C, and 38 °C respectively (averaged across participants and respiration rates). The NDI and NLR averaged across participants and three different respiration rates were 35.67 ± 5.53 and 2.03 ± 1.12; 8.36 ± 10.61 and 2.49 ± 3.69; and -25.04 ± 14.50 and 0.82 ± 0.54 at the ambient temperature of 18 °C, 28 °C, and 38 °C respectively. The Shapiro-Wilk test, and non-parametric Friedman test showed a significant effect of ambient temperature conditions on both NDI and NLR. No significant effect of respiration rate condition was observed on both NDI and NLR. The findings of the proposed study indicate the importance of ambient temperature while determining ND during the diagnosis of breathing disorders such as septum deviation, nasal polyps, nosebleeds, rhinitis, and nasal fractions, and in the intensive care unit for nasal synchronized ventilator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Joshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Effects of Usnic Acid to Prevent Infections by Creating a Protective Barrier in an In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043695. [PMID: 36835105 PMCID: PMC9958797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasal sprays are medical devices useful for preventing infection and the subsequent spread of airborne pathogens. The effectiveness of these devices depends on the activity of chosen compounds which can create a physical barrier against viral uptake as well as incorporate different substances with antiviral activity. Among antiviral compounds, UA, a dibenzofuran derived from lichens, has the mechanical ability to modify its structure by creating a branch capable of forming a protective barrier. The mechanical ability of UA to protect cells from virus infection was investigated by analyzing the branching capacity of UA, and then the protection mechanism in an in vitro model was also studied. As expected, UA at 37 °C was able to create a barrier confirming its ramification property. At the same time, UA was able to block the infection of Vero E6 and HNEpC cells by interfering with a biological interaction between cells and viruses as revealed also by the UA quantification. Therefore, UA can block virus activity through a mechanical barrier effect without altering the physiological nasal homeostasis. The findings of this research could be of great relevance in view of the growing alarm regarding the spread of airborne viral diseases.
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Farnoud A, Tofighian H, Baumann I, Ahookhosh K, Pourmehran O, Cui X, Heuveline V, Song C, Vreugde S, Wormald PJ, Menden MP, Schmid O. Numerical and Machine Learning Analysis of the Parameters Affecting the Regionally Delivered Nasal Dose of Nano- and Micro-Sized Aerosolized Drugs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16010081. [PMID: 36678578 PMCID: PMC9863249 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The nasal epithelium is an important target for drug delivery to the nose and secondary organs such as the brain via the olfactory bulb. For both topical and brain delivery, the targeting of specific nasal regions such as the olfactory epithelium (brain) is essential, yet challenging. In this study, a numerical model was developed to predict the regional dose as mass per surface area (for an inhaled mass of 2.5 mg), which is the biologically most relevant dose metric for drug delivery in the respiratory system. The role of aerosol diameter (particle diameter: 1 nm to 30 µm) and inhalation flow rate (4, 15 and 30 L/min) in optimal drug delivery to the vestibule, nasal valve, olfactory and nasopharynx is assessed. To obtain the highest doses in the olfactory region, we suggest aerosols with a diameter of 20 µm and a medium inlet air flow rate of 15 L/min. High deposition on the olfactory epithelium was also observed for nanoparticles below 1 nm, as was high residence time (slow flow rate of 4 L/min), but the very low mass of 1 nm nanoparticles is prohibitive for most therapeutic applications. Moreover, high flow rates (30 L/min) and larger micro-aerosols lead to highest doses in the vestibule and nasal valve regions. On the other hand, the highest drug doses in the nasopharynx are observed for nano-aerosol (1 nm) and fine microparticles (1-20 µm) with a relatively weak dependence on flow rate. Furthermore, using the 45 different inhalation scenarios generated by numerical models, different machine learning models with five-fold cross-validation are trained to predict the delivered dose and avoid partial differential equation solvers for future predictions. Random forest and gradient boosting models resulted in R2 scores of 0.89 and 0.96, respectively. The aerosol diameter and region of interest are the most important features affecting delivered dose, with an approximate importance of 42% and 47%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Farnoud
- Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Hesam Tofighian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 1591634311, Iran
| | - Ingo Baumann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Center of Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kaveh Ahookhosh
- Biomedical MRI and MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Oveis Pourmehran
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5011, Australia
- School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Xinguang Cui
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Vincent Heuveline
- Engineering Mathematics and Computing Lab (EMCL), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chen Song
- Engineering Mathematics and Computing Lab (EMCL), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Vreugde
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5011, Australia
| | - Peter-John Wormald
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5011, Australia
| | - Michael P. Menden
- Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, 82152 Planegg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Otmar Schmid
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Zentrum München–German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Anatomically realistic nasal replicas capturing the range of nasal spray drug delivery in adults. Int J Pharm 2022; 622:121858. [PMID: 35643344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To improve the relationships between commonly conducted in vitro studies for locally-acting nasal spray drug products with in vivo regional deposition, this study developed a set of in vitro adult nasal geometries that captured the range of nasal drug delivery to the region posterior to internal nasal valve (INV), also known as posterior delivery (PD), and evaluated their performance with existing in vivo data. The PD of fluticasone propionate (FP) and fluticasone furoate (FF) in 40 nasal cavities was statistically analyzed to identify three airway models representing the low, mean, and high PD in adults. The models were also externally validated by comparing the in vitro nasal deposition from a different drug product (mometasone furoate (MF)) with the relevant in vivo data. The three selected geometries represented the low, mean, and high PD with multiple nasal sprays. They were verified in terms of reproducibility of in vitro data and validated by showing a reasonable agreement with preexisting in vivo MF PD despite differences in administration and defining the regions. The three models are envisioned to potentially facilitate the development of locally-acting nasal sprays and provide a better understanding of how in vitro metrics relate to in vivo regional nasal deposition.
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Baldelli A, Boraey MA, Oguzlu H, Cidem A, Pascual Rodriguez A, Xin Ong H, Jiang F, Bacca M, Thamboo A, Traini D, Pratap-Singh A. Engineered nasal dry powder for the encapsulation of bioactive compounds. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:2300-2308. [PMID: 35452791 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we present the potential of nasal dry powders to deliver stable bioactive compounds and their manufacture using spray-drying (SD) techniques to achieve encapsulation. We also review currently approved and experimental excipients used for powder manufacturing for specific target drugs. Polymers, sugars, and amino acids are recommended for specific actions, such as mucoadhesive interactions, to increase residence time on the nasal mucosa; for example, high-molecular weight polymers, such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, or mannitol, which protect the bioactive compounds, increase their stability, and enhance drug absorption in the nasal mucosa; and leucine, which promotes particle formation and improves aerosol performance. Teaser: XXXX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Baldelli
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, BC, Canada.
| | - Mohammed A Boraey
- Mechanical Power Engineering Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt; Smart Engineering Systems Research Center (SESC), Nile University, Giza, 12588, Egypt.
| | - Hale Oguzlu
- Department of Forestry, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Aylin Cidem
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia
| | | | - Hui Xin Ong
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Forestry, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Mattia Bacca
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Andrew Thamboo
- Department of Surgery, The University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Daniela Traini
- Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2037, Australia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Anubhav Pratap-Singh
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
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Drug-Free Nasal Spray as a Barrier against SARS-CoV-2 and Its Delta Variant: In Vitro Study of Safety and Efficacy in Human Nasal Airway Epithelia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074062. [PMID: 35409423 PMCID: PMC8999825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The nasal epithelium is a key portal for infection by respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 and represents an important target for prophylactic and therapeutic interventions. In the present study, we test the safety and efficacy of a newly developed nasal spray (AM-301, marketed as Bentrio) against infection by SARS-CoV-2 and its Delta variant on an in vitro 3D-model of the primary human nasal airway epithelium. Safety was assessed in assays for tight junction integrity, cytotoxicity and cilia beating frequency. Efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 infection was evaluated in pre-viral load and post-viral load application on airway epithelium. No toxic effects of AM-301 on the nasal epithelium were found. Prophylactic treatment with AM-301 significantly reduced viral titer vs. controls over 4 days, reaching a maximum reduction of 99% in case of infection from the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 variant and more than 83% in case of the Delta variant. When AM-301 administration was started 24 h after infection, viral titer was reduced by about 12-folds and 3-folds on Day 4. The results suggest that AM-301 is safe and significantly decelerates SARS-CoV-2 replication in cell culture inhibition assays of prophylaxis (pre-viral load application) and mitigation (post-viral load application). Its physical (non-pharmaceutical) mechanism of action, safety and efficacy warrant additional investigations both in vitro and in vivo for safety and efficacy against a broad spectrum of airborne viruses and allergens.
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Costa CP, Cunha S, Moreira JN, Silva R, Gil-Martins E, Silva V, Azevedo L, Peixoto AF, Sousa Lobo JM, Silva AC. Quality by design (QbD) optimization of diazepam-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) for nose-to-brain delivery: Toxicological effect of surface charge on human neuronal cells. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:120933. [PMID: 34324988 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Diazepam is commonly used in the management of epileptic seizures, although it has limitations that can be overcome by using formulations that are easier to administer and capable of directing the drug to the brain. In this field, it has been reported that the use of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) via intranasal (or via nose-to-brain) promotes the targeting of drugs to the brain, improving the effectiveness of therapy. The aim of this work was to optimize two diazepam-loaded NLC formulations for nose-to-brain delivery, one with positive surface charge and one with negative surface charge. The quality by design (QbD) approach was used to design the experiments, where the quality target product profile (QTPP), the risk assessment and the critical quality attributes (CQAs) were defined to ensure safety, efficacy and quality of the final formulations. The experiments started with the optimization of critical material attributes (CMAs), related to the ratios of lipids and emulsifiers, followed by the selection of critical process parameters (CPPs), related to the production methods of the diazepam-loaded NLC formulation (ultrasound technique and high-pressure homogenization - HPH). Afterwards, the positive surface charge of the diazepam-loaded NLC was optimized. Finally, the biocompatibility with human neuronal cells of the formulation with a negative surface charge and of the formulation with a positive surface charge was evaluated. The results of the optimization of the CMAs showed that the ratios of lipids and emulsifiers more adequate were 6.7:2.9 and 4.2:0.3 (% w,w), respectively. Regarding the CPPs, HPH was considered the most suitable production method, resulting in an optimized diazepam-loaded NLC formulation (F1C15) with negative surface charge, showing particle size of 69.59 ± 0.22 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.19 ± 0.00, zeta potential (ZP) of -23.50 ± 0.24 mV and encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 96.60 ± 0.03 %. The optimized diazepam-loaded NLC formulation (F2A8) with positive surface charge had particle size of 124.40 ± 0.84 nm, PDI of 0.17 ± 0.01, ZP of 32.60 ± 1.13 mV and EE of 95.76 ± 0.24 %. In addition, the incorporation of diazepam in NLC resulted in a sustained release of the drug. No significant changes in particle size, PDI, ZP and EE were observed for the formulation F1C15, after 3 months of storage, whereas for formulation F2A8, particle size increased significantly. Biocompatibility studies showed that the formulation F2A8 was more cytotoxic than the formulation F1C15. Thereby, we conclude that the formulation F1C15 is more suitable for targeting the brain, when compared with the formulation F2A8. From the results of these studies, it can be confirmed that the QbD approach is an adequate and central tool to optimize NLC formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Costa
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - S Cunha
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - J N Moreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Faculty of Medicine (Pólo I), University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal; UC - University of Coimbra, CIBB, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - R Silva
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - E Gil-Martins
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - V Silva
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - L Azevedo
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - A F Peixoto
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - J M Sousa Lobo
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - A C Silva
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; FP-ENAS (UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit), CEBIMED (Biomedical Research Centre), Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal.
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13
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Pourmehran O, Arjomandi M, Cazzolato B, Tian Z, Vreugde S, Javadiyan S, Psaltis AJ, Wormald PJ. Acoustic drug delivery to the maxillary sinus. Int J Pharm 2021; 606:120927. [PMID: 34303821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Acoustic drug delivery (ADD) is an innovative method for drug delivery to the nose and paranasal sinuses and can be used to treat chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). The underlying mechanism of ADD is based on the oscillatory exchange of air between the nasal cavity (NC) and the maxillary sinus (MS) through the ostium, which assists with the transfer of the drug particles from the NC to the sinuses. This study aims to examine the efficacy of ADD for drug delivery to the MS using an acoustic wave applied to nebulised aerosols entering the nostril. Here, the effect of acoustic frequency, amplitude, and nebulisation flowrate on the efficiency of ADD to the MS is investigated experimentally. A computational fluid dynamics model was also developed to understand the deposition and transport patterns of the aerosols. The results showed that superimposing an acoustic frequency of 328 Hz, which is the resonance frequency of the selected 3D printed model of the NC-MS combination, on the nebulised aerosols could improve the efficiency of the drug delivery to the MS by 75-fold compared with non-acoustic drug delivery case (p < 0.0001). The experimental data also shows that an increase in the amplitude of excitation, increases the concentration of aerosol deposition in the MS significantly; however, it reaches to a plateau at a sound pressure level of 120 dB re 20 µPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oveis Pourmehran
- School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Maziar Arjomandi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Benjamin Cazzolato
- School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Zhao Tian
- School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sarah Vreugde
- Department of Surgery - Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Shari Javadiyan
- Department of Surgery - Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alkis J Psaltis
- Department of Surgery - Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Peter-John Wormald
- Department of Surgery - Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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14
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Nasal Powder Formulations: In-Vitro Characterisation of the Impact of Powders on Nasal Residence Time and Sensory Effects. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030385. [PMID: 33805779 PMCID: PMC8001606 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasal drug delivery is still primarily associated with locally-effective drugs, but next-generation products utilising the benefits of nasal administration—such as easy access to a relatively permeable mucosa, the presence of immunocompetent cells, and a direct route to the brain—are under investigation. Nasal powders offer the potential to improve the drugs’ effects by providing higher resistance against the mucociliary clearance, and thus prolonging the contact time of the drug with its target site. However, suitable and easy-to-use in-vitro setups tailored to the characterisation of this effect are missing. In this study, a selection of excipients for powder formulations were used to evaluate the applicability of different methods which investigate the influence on the contact time. The combination of the assessment of rheological properties, dynamic vapour sorption, and adhesiveness on agar–mucin plates was found to be a valuable predictive tool. For the additional assessment of the sensations associated with the close contact of powders and the mucosa, a slug mucosal irritation assay was conducted and adapted to powders. These methods are regarded as being especially useful for comparative screenings in early formulation development.
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15
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Hazeri M, Faramarzi M, Sadrizadeh S, Ahmadi G, Abouali O. Regional deposition of the allergens and micro-aerosols in the healthy human nasal airways. JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE 2021; 152:105700. [PMID: 33100375 PMCID: PMC7569476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2020.105700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The nasal cavity is the inlet to the human respiratory system and is responsible for the olfactory sensation, filtering pollutant particulate matter, and humidifying the air. Many research studies have been performed to numerically predict allergens, contaminants, and/or drug particle deposition in the human nasal cavity; however, the majority of these investigations studied only one or a small number of nasal passages. In the present study, a series of Computed Tomography (CT) scan images of the nasal cavities from ten healthy subjects were collected and used to reconstruct accurate 3D models. All models were divided into twelve anatomical regions in order to study the transport and deposition features of different regions of the nasal cavity with specific functions. The flow field and micro-particle transport equations were solved, and the total and regional particle deposition fractions were evaluated for the rest and low activity breathing conditions. The results show that there are large variations among different subjects. The standard deviation of the total deposition fraction in the nasal cavities was the highest for 5 × 10 4 <impaction parameter (IP)< 1.125 × 10 5 with a maximum of 20%. The achieved results highlighted the nasal cavity sections that are more involved in the particle deposition. Particles with IP = 30,000 deposit more in the middle turbinate and nasopharynx areas, while for particles with IP = 300,000, deposition is mainly in the anterior parts (kiesselbach and vestibule regions). For small IP values, the amounts of deposition fractions in different regions of the nasal cavity are more uniform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hazeri
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Faramarzi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sasan Sadrizadeh
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, KTH University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Goodarz Ahmadi
- Department of Mechanical & Aeronautical Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA
| | - Omid Abouali
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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16
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Rabiee N, Ahmadi S, Afshari R, Khalaji S, Rabiee M, Bagherzadeh M, Fatahi Y, Dinarvand R, Tahriri M, Tayebi L, Hamblin MR, Webster TJ. Polymeric Nanoparticles for Nasal Drug Delivery to the Brain: Relevance to Alzheimer's Disease. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Navid Rabiee
- Department of Chemistry Sharif University of Technology Tehran 11155‐3516 Iran
| | - Sepideh Ahmadi
- Student Research Committee Department of Medical Biotechnology School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran 19857‐17443 Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran 19857‐17443 Iran
| | - Ronak Afshari
- Department of Physics Sharif University of Technology P.O. Box 11155‐9161 Tehran Iran
| | - Samira Khalaji
- Biomaterial Group Department of Biomedical Engineering Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran 15875‐4413 Iran
| | - Mohammad Rabiee
- Biomaterial Group Department of Biomedical Engineering Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran 15875‐4413 Iran
| | - Mojtaba Bagherzadeh
- Department of Chemistry Sharif University of Technology Tehran 11155‐3516 Iran
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran 14155‐6451 Iran
- Nanotechnology Research Center Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran 14155‐6451 Iran
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) Tehran 15875‐4413 Iran
| | - Rassoul Dinarvand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran 14155‐6451 Iran
- Nanotechnology Research Center Faculty of Pharmacy Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran 14155‐6451 Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Tahriri
- Department of Developmental Sciences Marquette University Milwaukee WI 53233 USA
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Department of Developmental Sciences Marquette University Milwaukee WI 53233 USA
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine Massachusetts General Hospital Boston USA
- Department of Dermatology Harvard Medical School Boston USA
- Laser Research Centre Faculty of Health Science University of Johannesburg Doornfontein 2028 South Africa
| | - Thomas J. Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering Northeastern University Boston MA 02115 USA
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17
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Simulation of patient-specific bi-directional pulsating nasal aerosol dispersion and deposition with clockwise 45° and 90° nosepieces. Comput Biol Med 2020; 123:103816. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Balsalobre L, Pezato R, Mangussi-Gomes J, Gregorio L, Haddad FLM, Gregorio LC, Fujita R. What is the Impact of Positive Airway Pressure in Nasal Polyposis? An Experimental Study. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 23:147-151. [PMID: 30956697 PMCID: PMC6449137 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1676095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
It has been hypothesized that increasing the interstitial hydrostatic pressure within the sinonasal mucosa of patients with nasal polyposis (NP) might decrease the size of nasal polyps.
Objective
To evaluate the effects of positive airway pressure, delivered by a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device, in patients with NP and in control subjects.
Methods
Twelve patients with NP and 27 healthy subjects were exposed to CPAP (20 cm H2O) for 2 hours. Visual analog scale (VAS), Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale, acoustic rhinometry (AR), peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) and nasal endoscopy (NE—Meltzer polyp grading system) were performed before and after the intervention, for all patients.
Results
The control group showed a significant worsening in nasal obstruction symptoms, as measured by VAS and NOSE (
p
< 0.01), and a significant decrease in nasal patency, as measured by the PNIF and AR (
p
< 0.01). For the NP group, VAS, NOSE, and AR did not differ significantly (
p
= 0.72,
p
= 0.73, and
p
= 0.17, respectively), but PNIF values worsened (
p
= 0.04) after exposure to CPAP. There was a statistically significant reduction in the nasal polyps' size (
p
= 0.04).
Conclusions
Positive pressure worsened the nasal obstruction symptoms and decreased objective parameters of nasal patency in control subjects. In patients with NP, exposure to CPAP reduced the nasal polyps' size, and the nasal patency, as measured by PNIF. However, it had no significant effects in AR and in nasal obstruction symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Balsalobre
- ENT Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rogerio Pezato
- ENT Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Joao Mangussi-Gomes
- ENT Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciano Gregorio
- ENT Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Louise Martinho Haddad
- ENT Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Gregorio
- ENT Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo Fujita
- ENT Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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19
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Singh N, Veronese M, O'Doherty J, Sementa T, Bongarzone S, Cash D, Simmons C, Arcolin M, Marsden PK, Gee A, Turkheimer FE. Assessing the feasibility of intranasal radiotracer administration for in brain PET imaging. Nucl Med Biol 2018; 66:32-39. [PMID: 30208358 PMCID: PMC6288068 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The development of clinically useful tracers for PET imaging is enormously challenging and expensive. The intranasal (IN) route of administration is purported to be a viable route for delivering drugs to the brain but has, as yet, not been investigated for the delivery of PET tracers. If the intranasal (IN) pathway presents a viable option, it extends the PET imaging field by increasing the number of tracers available for human use. Here we report the results of a rodent study testing the feasibility of the IN route to administer radiotracers for brain PET imaging. Methods We used two different, well characterised, brain penetrant radiotracers, [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) and [18F]fallypride, and aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics after administration of the tracers via the intranasal route, and contrast this to intravenous administration. Image acquisition was carried out after tracer administration and arterial blood samples were collected at different time intervals, centrifuged to extract plasma and gamma counted. We hypothesised that [brain region]:[plasma] ratios would be higher via the intranasal route as there are two inputs, one directly from the nose to the brain, and another from the peripheral circulation. To assess the feasibility of using this approach clinically, we used these data to estimate radiation dosimetry in humans. Results Contrary to our hypothesis, in case of both radiotracers, we did not see a higher ratio in the expected brain regions, except in the olfactory bulb, that is closest to the nose. It appears that the radiotracers move into the olfactory bulb region, but then do not progress further into other brain regions. Moreover, as the nasal cavity has a small surface area, the extrapolated dosimetry estimations for intranasal human imaging showed an unacceptably high level (15 mSv/MBq) of cumulative skin radiation exposure. Conclusions Therefore, although an attractive route for brain permeation, we conclude that the intranasal route would present difficulties due to non-specific signal and radiation dosimetry considerations for brain PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Singh
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE 5 8AF, United Kingdom; School Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, 4th floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE 5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Jim O'Doherty
- PET Imaging Centre Facility, King's College London & Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular Imaging, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Teresa Sementa
- School Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, 4th floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Salvatore Bongarzone
- School Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, 4th floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Cash
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE 5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Camilla Simmons
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE 5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Arcolin
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE 5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Paul K Marsden
- School Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, 4th floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom; PET Imaging Centre Facility, King's College London & Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Antony Gee
- School Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, 4th floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom; PET Imaging Centre Facility, King's College London & Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Federico E Turkheimer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE 5 8AF, United Kingdom
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20
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In Vitro Assessment of Spray Deposition Patterns in a Pediatric (12 Year-Old) Nasal Cavity Model. Pharm Res 2018; 35:108. [PMID: 29582159 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2385-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nasal sprays available for the treatment of cold and allergy symptoms currently use identical formulations and devices for adults as well as for children. Due to the obvious differences between the nasal airway dimensions of a child and those of an adult, the performance of nasal sprays in children was evaluated. METHODS Deposition patterns of nasal sprays administered to children were tested using a nasal cast based on MRI images obtained from a 12 year old child's nasal cavity. Test formulations emitting a range of spray patterns were investigated by actuating the device into the pediatric nasal cast under controlled conditions. RESULTS The results showed that the nasal sprays impacted in the anterior region of the 12 year old child's nasal cavity, and only limited spray entered the turbinate region - the effect site for most topical drugs and the primary absorptive region for systemically absorbed drugs. CONCLUSION Differences in deposition patterns following the administration of nasal sprays to adults and children may lead to differences in efficacy between these populations. Greater anterior deposition in children may result in decreased effectiveness, greater anterior dosage form loss, and the increased potential for patient non-compliance.
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21
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Feng Y, He H, Li F, Lu Y, Qi J, Wu W. An update on the role of nanovehicles in nose-to-brain drug delivery. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1079-1088. [PMID: 29330120 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A quantitative analysis has cast doubt over the limited advantages provided by particles for nose-to-brain (NTB) drug delivery. Thus, it is imperative to identify the role of nanovehicles in NTB drug delivery. If nanocarriers are used merely as an option to improve various properties of the drugs or the formulations, it is difficult for them to outperform conventional formulations, such as solutions or gels. However, nanovehicles bring about special features, such as maintenance of the solubilized state of drugs, sustained or delayed release, and enhanced penetration because of surface modifications, all of which lead to enhanced NTB delivery efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhai Feng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Dahua Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Haisheng He
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengqian Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Dahua Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianping Qi
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE and PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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22
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Ashhar MU, Ahmad MZ, Jain V, Agarwal NB, Ahmad FJ, Jain GK. Intranasal pitavastatin attenuates seizures in different experimental models of epilepsy in mice. Epilepsy Behav 2017; 75:56-59. [PMID: 28826009 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of intranasal pitavastatin (PVS) on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures, increasing current electroshock (ICES) seizures, and status epilepticus in mice. Intranasal PVS, 0.5 and 1.0mg/kg, showed significant increase in latency to PTZ-induced seizures and ICES seizure threshold compared to control; however, the effects were dose-dependent and were more significant at higher dose. Further, intranasal PVS (1.0mg/kg) but not intravenous PVS (50.0mg/kg) showed effective protection against PTZ-induced status epilepticus. No impairment in cognitive functions was observed following intranasal PVS (1.0mg/kg), thus making it a prospective therapeutic approach for acute seizures and status epilepticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usama Ashhar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohd Zubair Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Vikas Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysore, India
| | - Nidhi B Agarwal
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Sciences, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Farhan J Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Gaurav K Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Clementino A, Batger M, Garrastazu G, Pozzoli M, Del Favero E, Rondelli V, Gutfilen B, Barboza T, Sukkar MB, Souza SAL, Cantù L, Sonvico F. The nasal delivery of nanoencapsulated statins - an approach for brain delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:6575-6590. [PMID: 27994459 PMCID: PMC5153258 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s119033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Along with their cholesterol-lowering effect, statins have shown a wide range of pleiotropic effects potentially beneficial to neurodegenerative diseases. However, such effects are extremely elusive via the conventional oral administration. The purpose of the present study was to prepare and characterize the physicochemical properties and the in vivo biodistribution of simvastatin-loaded lecithin/chitosan nanoparticles (SVT-LCNs) suitable for nasal administration in view of an improved delivery of the statins to the brain. Materials and methods Chitosan, lecithin, and different oil excipients were used to prepare nanocapsules loaded with simvastatin. Particle size distribution, surface charge, structure, simvastatin loading and release, and interaction with mucus of nanoparticles were determined. The nanoparticle nasal toxicity was evaluated in vitro using RPMI 2651 nasal cell lines. Finally, in vivo biodistribution was assessed by gamma scintigraphy via Tc99m labeling of the particles. Results Among the different types of nanoparticles produced, the SVT-LCN_MaiLab showed the most ideal physicochemical characteristics, with small diameter (200 nm), positive surface charge (+48 mV) and high encapsulation efficiency (EE; 98%). Size distribution was further confirmed by nanoparticle tracking analysis and electron microscopy. The particles showed a relatively fast release of simvastatin in vitro (35.6%±4.2% in 6 hours) in simulated nasal fluid. Blank nanoparticles did not show cytotoxicity, evidencing that the formulation is safe for nasal administration, while cytotoxicity of simvastatin-loaded nanoparticles (IC50) was found to be three times lower than the drug solution (9.92 vs 3.50 μM). In rats, a significantly higher radioactivity was evidenced in the brain after nasal delivery of simvastatin-loaded nanoparticles in comparison to the administration of a similar dose of simvastatin suspension. Conclusion The SVT-LCNs developed presented some of the most desirable characteristics for mucosal delivery, that is, small particle size, positive surface charge, long-term stability, high EE, and mucoadhesion. In addition, they displayed two exciting features: First was their biodegradability by enzymes present in the mucus layer, such as lysozyme. This indicates a new Trojan-horse strategy which may enhance drug release in the proximity of the nasal mucosa. Second was their ability to enhance the nose-to-brain transport as evidenced by preliminary gamma scintigraphy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adryana Clementino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; National Council for Scientific and Technological Development - CNPq, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Mellissa Batger
- Graduate School of Health - Pharmacy, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Gabriela Garrastazu
- National Council for Scientific and Technological Development - CNPq, Brasilia, Brazil; Graduate School of Health - Pharmacy, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Michele Pozzoli
- Graduate School of Health - Pharmacy, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Elena Del Favero
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, LITA, University of Milan, Segrate, Italy
| | - Valeria Rondelli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, LITA, University of Milan, Segrate, Italy
| | - Bianca Gutfilen
- Laboratório de Marcação de Células e Moléculas, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thiago Barboza
- Laboratório de Marcação de Células e Moléculas, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria B Sukkar
- Graduate School of Health - Pharmacy, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Sergio A L Souza
- Laboratório de Marcação de Células e Moléculas, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Laura Cantù
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, LITA, University of Milan, Segrate, Italy
| | - Fabio Sonvico
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Graduate School of Health - Pharmacy, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
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Yu T, Chisholm J, Choi WJ, Anonuevo A, Pulicare S, Zhong W, Chen M, Fridley C, Lai SK, Ensign LM, Suk JS, Hanes J. Mucus-Penetrating Nanosuspensions for Enhanced Delivery of Poorly Soluble Drugs to Mucosal Surfaces. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:2745-2750. [PMID: 27717163 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mucus-penetrating nanosuspensions, consisting of pure hydrophobic therapeutics with dense muco-inert coatings that enable particles to effectively bypass the mucus barrier, demonstrate superior drug distribution and absorption at mucosal surfaces. With significantly increased drug load compared to polymeric systems and established clinical translation of nanosuspensions-based products, mucus-penetrating nanosuspensions are a promising vehicle for improving mucosal delivery of poorly soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Center for Nanomedicine; The Wilmer Eye Institute; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 400 N Broadway Baltimore MD 21231 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 720 Rutland Avenue Baltimore MD 21205 USA
| | - Jane Chisholm
- Center for Nanomedicine; The Wilmer Eye Institute; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 400 N Broadway Baltimore MD 21231 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University; 3400 N Charles Street Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Woo Jin Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 720 Rutland Avenue Baltimore MD 21205 USA
| | - Abraham Anonuevo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University; 3400 N Charles Street Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Sarah Pulicare
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University; 3400 N Charles Street Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Weixi Zhong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 720 Rutland Avenue Baltimore MD 21205 USA
| | - Minmin Chen
- Center for Nanomedicine; The Wilmer Eye Institute; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 400 N Broadway Baltimore MD 21231 USA
| | - Colleen Fridley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University; 3400 N Charles Street Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Samuel K. Lai
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Campus box 7362 Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Laura M. Ensign
- Center for Nanomedicine; The Wilmer Eye Institute; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 400 N Broadway Baltimore MD 21231 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University; 3400 N Charles Street Baltimore MD 21218 USA
- Department of Ophthalmology; The Wilmer Eye Institute; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 600 N Wolfe Street Baltimore MD 21297 USA
| | - Jung Soo Suk
- Center for Nanomedicine; The Wilmer Eye Institute; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 400 N Broadway Baltimore MD 21231 USA
- Department of Ophthalmology; The Wilmer Eye Institute; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 600 N Wolfe Street Baltimore MD 21297 USA
| | - Justin Hanes
- Center for Nanomedicine; The Wilmer Eye Institute; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 400 N Broadway Baltimore MD 21231 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 720 Rutland Avenue Baltimore MD 21205 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Johns Hopkins University; 3400 N Charles Street Baltimore MD 21218 USA
- Department of Ophthalmology; The Wilmer Eye Institute; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; 600 N Wolfe Street Baltimore MD 21297 USA
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25
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Pozzoli M, Ong HX, Morgan L, Sukkar M, Traini D, Young PM, Sonvico F. Application of RPMI 2650 nasal cell model to a 3D printed apparatus for the testing of drug deposition and permeation of nasal products. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 107:223-33. [PMID: 27418393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to incorporate an optimized RPMI2650 nasal cell model into a 3D printed model of the nose to test deposition and permeation of drugs intended for use in the nose. The nasal cell model was optimized for barrier properties in terms of permeation marker and mucus production. RT-qPCR was used to determine the xenobiotic transporter gene expression of RPMI 2650 cells in comparison with primary nasal cells. After 14days in culture, the cells were shown to produce mucus, and to express TEER (define) values and sodium fluorescein permeability consistent with values reported for excised human nasal mucosa. In addition, good correlation was found between RPMI 2650 and primary nasal cell transporter expression values. The purpose-built 3D printed model of the nose takes the form of an expansion chamber with inserts for cells and an orifice for insertion of a spray drug delivery device. This model was validated against the FDA glass chamber with cascade impactors that is currently approved for studies of nasal products. No differences were found between the two apparatus. The apparatus including the nasal cell model was used to test a commercial nasal product containing budesonide (Rhinocort, AstraZeneca, Australia). Drug deposition and transport studies on RPMI 2650 were successfully performed. The new 3D printed apparatus that incorporates cells can be used as valid in vitro model to test nasal products in conditions that mimic the delivery from nasal devices in real life conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Pozzoli
- Graduate School of Health - Pharmacy, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Hui Xin Ong
- Respiratory Technology, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, 431 Glebe Point Road, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Lucy Morgan
- Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney Medical School-Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria Sukkar
- Graduate School of Health - Pharmacy, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Daniela Traini
- Respiratory Technology, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, 431 Glebe Point Road, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Paul M Young
- Respiratory Technology, The Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, 431 Glebe Point Road, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Fabio Sonvico
- Graduate School of Health - Pharmacy, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, 27A, Parco area delle Scienze, Parma 43124, Italy.
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26
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Bari NK, Fazil M, Hassan MQ, Haider MR, Gaba B, Narang JK, Baboota S, Ali J. Brain delivery of buspirone hydrochloride chitosan nanoparticles for the treatment of general anxiety disorder. Int J Biol Macromol 2015. [PMID: 26210037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present work discusses the preparation, characterization and in vivo evaluation of thiolated chitosan nanoparticles (TCS-NPs) of buspirone hydrochloride (BUH) for brain delivery through intranasal route. TCS NPs were prepared by ionic gelation method and characterized for various parameters. The NPs formed were having particle size of 226.7±2.52nm with PDI 0.483±0.031. Drug entrapment efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC) were found to be 81.13±2.8 and 49.67±5.5%. The cumulative percentage drug permeation through nasal mucosa was 76.21%. Bioadhesion study carried out on porcine mucin and showed a bioadhesion efficiency of 90.218±0.134%. Nose-to-brain delivery of placebo NPs was investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) technique using rhodamine-123 as a marker. The brain concentration achieved after intranasal administration of TCS-NPs was 797.46±35.76ng/ml with tmax 120min which was significantly higher than achieved after intravenous administration on BUH solution 384.15±13.42ng/ml and tmax of 120min and intranasal administration of BUH solution 417.77±19.24ng/ml and tmax 60min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naimat Kalim Bari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; Institute of Nanoscience and Technology, Phase X, Mohali, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Mohammad Fazil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Md Quamrul Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Md Rafi Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Bharti Gaba
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Jasjeet K Narang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; Department of Pharmaceutics, Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Amritsar, India
| | - Sanjula Baboota
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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27
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The nasal approach to delivering treatment for brain diseases: an anatomic, physiologic, and delivery technology overview. Ther Deliv 2014; 5:709-33. [PMID: 25090283 DOI: 10.4155/tde.14.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intricate pathophysiology of brain disorders, difficult access to the brain, and the complexity and high risks and costs of drug development represent major hurdles for improving therapies. Nose-to-brain drug transport offers an attractive alternative or addition to formulation-only strategies attempting to enhance drug penetration into the CNS. Although still a matter of controversy, many studies in animals claim direct nose-to-brain transport along the olfactory and trigeminal nerves, circumventing the traditional barriers to CNS entry. Some clinical trials in man also suggest nose-to-brain drug delivery, although definitive proof in man is lacking. This review focuses on new nasal delivery technologies designed to overcome inherent anatomical and physiological challenges and facilitate more efficient and targeted drug delivery for CNS disorders.
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