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Kumar P, Abhishek K, Shukla R, Sarkar M, Kaushal GP, Gharde P, Shah U, Panchawagh S, Srikumar S. Prevalence and Assessment of Factors Associated With Malnutrition in Children Residing in Slums of Mumbai: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e58619. [PMID: 38770452 PMCID: PMC11103267 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Malnutrition in children continues to be a serious public health problem in India. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the prevalence of malnutrition and assess factors contributing to it in children of the marginalized slum population of India, masked in the metropolitan cities. Methods A retrospective data analysis with a cross-sectional model was conducted by medical volunteers affiliated with the Rotaract Club of Medicrew who had organized a free pediatric health check-up camp in the Dharavi village of Mumbai, India for children under five. Children under five years of age group of either sex residing in the slums of Dharavi and whose parents consented are included in the study. Neonates, children older than five years of age, and children whose parents did not consent for them to be included in the study were excluded. A pretested, pre-validated questionnaire was administered, and statistical analysis was done with p-values <0.05 considered to be statistically significant. Results A total of 126 children were included. Out of these children, 109 of them (86.50%) had a mid-arm circumference of more than 12.5 cm (normal), 11 (8.73%) were between 11.5 cm and 12.5 cm (moderate acute malnutrition), and five (4.77%) were less than 11.5 cm (severe acute malnutrition). Among the 126 kids, 86 kids were above the age of two and their BMI was assessed, 36 (44.19%) were found to be underweight (<5th percentile) while 14 (16.3%) were obese (>95th percentile), and four (4.65%) were overweight (85th-95th percentile). For 106 (84.13%) of these children, the caregivers were mothers while others were fathers (n=4; 3.18%), grandmothers (n=5; 3.97%), sisters (n=5; 3.97%), and aunts (n=6; 4.76%). Out of those who had commenced receiving formal education, only 39 (55.71%) were in an appropriate grade for their age. The mean expenditure on food as a proportion of the total household income was 36.40% (standard deviation (SD) 15.0%). On the single-item sleep quality scale, the sleep of only 36 kids (28.58%) was reported by their caregivers as excellent. A high proportion of other medical problems were reported in the children. Conclusion Our study reports a substantial burden of malnutrition among children residing in the slums of Dharavi. Rigorous strengthening and conceptualization of on-ground nutritional programs targeted toward slum children should be done by Indian healthcare policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratyush Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Dr Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital, Delhi, IND
| | - Kumar Abhishek
- Department of Medicine, Dr Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital, Delhi, IND
| | - Rushikesh Shukla
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Manali Sarkar
- Department of Internal Medicine, MGM Medical College, Navi Mumbai, IND
| | - G P Kaushal
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital, Delhi, IND
| | - Pankaj Gharde
- Department of General Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Urmil Shah
- Department of Medicine, Rajiv Gandhi Medical College and Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Hospital, Mumbai, IND
| | - Suhrud Panchawagh
- Department of Medicine, Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College and General Hospital, Pune, IND
| | - Shabarini Srikumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tirunelveli Medical College, Tirunelveli, IND
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Russell A, Jansen E, Burnett AJ, Lee J, Russell CG. Children's eating behaviours and related constructs: conceptual and theoretical foundations and their implications. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:19. [PMID: 36793039 PMCID: PMC9933409 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a substantial body of research on children's eating behaviours (e.g., food responsiveness and fussiness) and related constructs (e.g., eating in the absence of hunger, appetite self-regulation). This research provides a foundation for understanding children's dietary intakes and healthy eating behaviours, as well as efforts at intervention, whether in relation to food avoidance, overeating and/or trajectories to excess weight gain. The success of these efforts and their associated outcomes is dependent on the theoretical foundation and conceptual clarity of the behaviours and constructs. This, in turn contributes to the coherence and precision of the definitions and measurement of these behaviours and constructs. Limited clarity in these areas ultimately creates uncertainty around the interpretation of findings from research studies and intervention programs. At present there does not appear to be an overarching theoretical framework of children's eating behaviours and associated constructs, or for separate domains of children's eating behaviours/constructs. The main purpose of the present review was to examine the possible theoretical foundations of some of the main current questionnaire and behavioural measures of children's eating behaviours and related constructs. METHODS We reviewed the literature on the most prominent measures of children's eating behaviours for use with children aged ~ 0-12 years. We focused on the explanations and justifications for the original design of the measures and whether these included theoretical perspectives, as well as current theoretical interpretations (and difficulties) of the behaviours and constructs. RESULTS We found that the most commonly used measures had their foundations in relatively applied or practical concerns rather than theoretical perspectives. CONCLUSIONS We concluded, consistent with Lumeng & Fisher (1), that although existing measures have served the field well, to advance the field as a science, and better contribute to knowledge development, increased attention should be directed to the conceptual and theoretical foundations of children's eating behaviours and related constructs. Suggestions for future directions are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Russell
- grid.1014.40000 0004 0367 2697College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia Australia
| | - Elena Jansen
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Alissa J. Burnett
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jookyeong Lee
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia ,grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Catherine G. Russell
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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Ju S, Iwinski S, Fiese BH, McBride BA, Bost KK. Influences of Child Temperament and Household Chaos on Preschoolers' Emotional Eating. Child Obes 2022; 18:523-532. [PMID: 35231179 PMCID: PMC9805884 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2021.0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background: Emotional eating has been linked to child temperament and family environment factors, such as household chaos. However, few studies have examined how child and home characteristics independently and together influence children's overeating and undereating in response to negative emotions. Objective: The current study examined associations among child temperament, household chaos, and emotional eating in children 18-24 months of age, and interaction effects were also tested. Methods: The study included an analysis sample of 371 families participating in the larger STRONG Kids2 longitudinal birth cohort study (N = 468). The Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire was used to assess child temperament at 18 months, and the Confusion, Hubbub, and Order Scale was used to assess disorganization in the household at 24 months. Child emotional eating at 24 months was assessed using parental reports of the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Results: Negative affectivity and household chaos were independently associated with child emotional overeating. Negative affectivity, effortful control, and household chaos were significantly associated with emotional undereating. No significant interactions were found. Conclusions: Child temperament and household environment independently influence emotional eating in young children, highlighting the need to consider these factors in early prevention. Longitudinal studies are warranted to determine mechanisms that may be involved in these relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehyun Ju
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Samantha Iwinski
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Barbara H. Fiese
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Family Resiliency Center, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Brent A. McBride
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Family Resiliency Center, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Child Development Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kelly K. Bost
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Family Resiliency Center, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
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Shields CV, Hultstrand KV, West CE, Gunstad JJ, Sato AF. Disinhibited Eating and Executive Functioning in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13384. [PMID: 36293963 PMCID: PMC9603143 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of research suggests disinhibited eating and weaker executive function (EF) are two risk factors for pediatric obesity. Emerging brain imaging and behavioral findings support the notion that EF skills impact eating regulation. However, a major gap in the current literature is a synthesis of the association between various EF skills and disinhibited eating patterns across child development. To address this gap, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to examine the effect of EF skills on disinhibited eating behaviors among youth ages 3-18 years old. PubMed and PsychINFO databases were utilized and data from 15 studies with a total sample of 4909 youth were included. A random effects meta-analysis revealed a small negative effect of overall EF skills on disinhibited eating behavior, r = -0.14, p < 0.01. Analysis of individual EF skills found working memory had an overall medium negative effect on disinhibited eating behavior, r = -0.25, p < 0.05. Taken together, findings from this meta-analysis support an inverse relationship between EF abilities and disinhibited eating patterns in children and adolescents, such that poorer EF abilities are associated with higher levels of disinhibited eating. Given the effect on eating behavior, future research is needed to assess whether EF difficulties may be a barrier to effective weight management in youth. Specifically, research is needed to examine whether EF skills may be a key target to consider for effective obesity prevention and treatment in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa V. Shields
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Kara V. Hultstrand
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Caroline E. West
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - John J. Gunstad
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Amy F. Sato
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
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Diotaiuti P, Girelli L, Mancone S, Valente G, Bellizzi F, Misiti F, Cavicchiolo E. Psychometric properties and measurement invariance across gender of the Italian version of the tempest self-regulation questionnaire for eating adapted for young adults. Front Psychol 2022; 13:941784. [PMID: 36059739 PMCID: PMC9435586 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.941784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity in young adults has increased dramatically in recent decades. The unhealthy eating habits that develop at this time can often lead to negative health consequences in the future. It is therefore important to learn about self-regulation and self-control strategies and help young adults to have healthy eating behaviours. This study aims to present an Italian version of the Tempest Self-Regulation Questionnaire for Eating (TESQ-E) adapted for young adults. The instrument assesses self-regulation and self-control strategies to counteract the desire and temptation to eat unhealthy food and to choose healthy foods. A total of 645 students (271 males and 374 females with an average age of 24.82 and SD = 4.34) took part in the study. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis supported the six first-order factors model concerning specific self-regulation strategies and a higher-order structure of the TESQ-E [χ2 (152) = 336.480, p < 0.001; CFI = 0.95; RMSEA = 0.04; SRMR = 0.04]: three correlated second-order factors (addressing the temptation directly, addressing the psychological meaning of temptation, and addressing the goal directly) and one-third-order factor (self-regulatory competence). The results also confirmed the strong measurement invariance of the TESQ-E across gender. To have reliable comparisons across males and females, the latent mean differences tests were performed on the six specific self-regulation strategies. The analysis showed that females appear to prefer strategies that directly address the goal by expressing explicit intentions or plans to eat in a healthy way. Convergence validity was tested through correlations with Eating-Self-Efficacy Brief Scale (ESEBS), Emotional Eating Scale (EES), Scale of Attitudes towards Healthy Eating (SAHE), and Body Mass Index (BMI). In conclusion, the TESQ-E appears to be a psychometrically sound questionnaire that can be effectively used with young adults to measure self-regulation strategies in eating in order to plan personalised interventions for the prevention and control of the metabolic syndrome, and to reduce a wide range of diet-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Diotaiuti
- Department of Human Sciences, Society, and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
- *Correspondence: Pierluigi Diotaiuti,
| | - Laura Girelli
- Department of Human, Philosophical, and Educational Sciences, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Stefania Mancone
- Department of Human Sciences, Society, and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Valente
- Department of Human Sciences, Society, and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
| | - Fernando Bellizzi
- Department of Human Sciences, Society, and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
| | - Francesco Misiti
- Department of Human Sciences, Society, and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
| | - Elisa Cavicchiolo
- Department of Human, Philosophical, and Educational Sciences, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
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Effect of COVID-19 Lockdown on Children's Eating Behaviours: A Longitudinal Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9071078. [PMID: 35884062 PMCID: PMC9323163 DOI: 10.3390/children9071078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a huge impact on children’s lifestyle and eating behaviour, resulting in an increase of obesity prevalence. The CEBQ (Children’s Eating Behaviour Questionnaire) is a validate questionnaire that investigates children’s eating behaviour. Knowing the psychological consequences of daily routine disruption during lockdown, we evaluated the changes in eating behaviours in a paediatric cohort before and during the lockdown period through the evaluation of the Italian version of the CEBQ. We prospectively enrolled children attending the pediatric clinic of the University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’. All parents answered the parent-report version of the CEBQ before lockdown containment. During lockdown, the second survey was carried out by telephone call. The study sample included 69 children. Food responsiveness and emotional overeating subscales showed higher scores during lockdown compared to data before lockdown (p = 0.009 and p = 0.001, respectively). Conversely, desire to drink and satiety responsiveness showed lower scores at follow-up (p = 0.04 and p = 0.0001, respectively). No differences were observed for slowness in eating and enjoyment of food. Delta changes were higher in normal-weight children compared to children with obesity (p = 0.02). Our results confirm that containment measures during the COVID-19 pandemic have acted as triggers on certain eating behaviors that mostly predispose to an obesogenic manner.
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Ju S, Iwinski S, Fiese BH, McBride BA, Bost KK. Infant temperament and mealtime distractions as predictors of preschool Children's bite speed during family mealtime. Appetite 2022; 177:106157. [PMID: 35780936 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Eating behaviors are shaped at an early age, persist into adulthood, and are implicated in the development of physical health outcomes, including obesity. Faster bite speed has been identified as an obesogenic eating behavior, prompting researchers to examine child and family factors associated with children's variability in bite speed. Child temperament, involving phenotypes of reactivity and regulation, and distractions in family food contexts are fruitful areas of investigation, but few studies have examined the interplay among these factors and their associations with bite speed. To address the gap in the literature, we examined relations between early child temperament, family mealtime distractions, and children's observed bite speed. Caregiver report of child temperament at 3 months was measured using the Infant Behavior Questionnaire Very Short Form - Revised. Child mealtime distractions and bite speed were assessed using family mealtime videos that were collected during home visits when children were 18-24 months of age (n = 109). Results revealed that children who were reported to be higher on orienting/regulation at 3 months, and who were more distracted during mealtimes at 18-24 months, had relatively slower bite speeds. No significant interactions were found. The findings from this correlational study inform further investigations into the implications of early temperament and food contexts for the development of eating behaviors implicated in obesity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehyun Ju
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Samantha Iwinski
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Barbara H Fiese
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA; Family Resiliency Center, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Brent A McBride
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA; Family Resiliency Center, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA; Child Development Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Kelly K Bost
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA; Family Resiliency Center, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
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Patel C, Walasek L, Karasouli E, Meyer C. Content and Validity of Claims Made about Food Parenting Practices in United Kingdom Online News Articles. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095053. [PMID: 35564446 PMCID: PMC9105157 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to qualitatively summarise the content of online news articles pertaining to food parenting practices and determine whether this content is substantiated by the scientific literature. News article data were identified and collected from United Kingdom online news published during 2010–2017 period using the News on the Web corpus. A coding framework was used to categorise the content of news articles to identify information related to food parenting practices. Then, claims made about food parenting practices were extracted from relevant news articles. Each claim was evaluated to determine the extent to which any claims were supported by the available scientific research evidence. The study identified ten claims across thirty-two relevant online news articles. Claims made across the news articles reported on the following food parenting practices: food restrictions, food-based threats and bribes, pressure to eat, use of food to control negative emotions, food availability, food preparation, and meal and snack routines. Eight out of the ten claims identified did not refer to scientific research evidence. News articles frequently lacked detail and information to explain to readers why and how the use of certain food parenting practices could have a lasting impact on children’s health outcomes. Considering the influence that news media has on parents, the reporting of food parenting practices in news articles should aim to provide a balanced view of the published scientific evidence and recognise the difficulties and barriers that prevent the use of helpful and healthy food parenting practices. The study results in this paper could be used to aid and structure of the dissemination of food parenting practice research findings in the media, inform public health education to influence perceptions of unhelpful food parenting practices, and promote parental use of responsive food parenting practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Patel
- Warwick Manufacturting Group, Behaviour and Wellbeing Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK;
- Correspondence:
| | - Lukasz Walasek
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK;
| | - Eleni Karasouli
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK;
| | - Caroline Meyer
- Warwick Manufacturting Group, Behaviour and Wellbeing Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK;
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Analysis of Self-Regulation of Eating Behaviors within Polish Adolescents' COVID-19 Experience (PLACE-19) Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081679. [PMID: 35458243 PMCID: PMC9030425 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The self-regulation of eating behaviors (suppression of behavioral short-term impulse to consume food products in the interest of pursuing long-term weight goals), has been an important determinant for adopting a healthy lifestyle in the period of the COVID-19 pandemic in adults, but there have been no such studies conducted in the population of adolescents in this period. The aim of the presented study is to analyze self-regulation of eating behaviors in the population-based sample of Polish adolescents within the Polish Adolescents’ COVID-19 Experience (PLACE-19) Study. The Self-Regulation of Eating Behavior Questionnaire (SREBQ) was used to assess self-regulation of eating behaviors in the studied population of 1126 Polish adolescents (818 females and 308 males), aged 15−20, recruited based on a random quota sampling within a national sample. Based on the screening questions of the SREBQ, 145 individuals were excluded from the analysis. The participants of the study were categorized based on their gender, body mass index, body mass index change during the COVID-19 pandemic, and food products declared as tempting. The major factors associated with SREBQ score were body mass index change and tempting food products. The respondents losing weight during the COVID-19 pandemic were characterized by a higher SREBQ score than those maintaining stable body mass or gaining weight (3.4 vs. 3.2 vs. 3.2; p = 0.0001). The respondents declaring both sweet and salty food products as tempting were characterized by a lower SREBQ score than those declaring only sweet, only salty, or declaring no tempting products (3.2 vs. 3.4 vs. 3.4 vs. 3.4; p < 0.0001). The major factors associated with SREBQ categories were gender, body mass index change, and tempting food products. A higher share of respondents characterized by a high self-regulation of eating behaviors was observed for males than for females (27.4% vs. 18.8%; p = 0.0142); for respondents losing weight during the COVID-19 pandemic than for respondents gaining weight (25.9% vs. 15.5%; p = 0.0423); as well as for respondents declaring no tempting products than those declaring both sweet and salty food products (38.3% vs. 18.2%; p < 0.0001). It was concluded that the self-regulation of eating behaviors in adolescents is closely associated with food products perceived as tempting by them, as well as with gender. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the low self-regulation of eating behaviors was a significant determinant of the body mass gain. Taking this into account, female adolescents characterized by a low self-regulation of eating behaviors especially should be subjected to a dedicated intervention program to prevent overweight and obesity.
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Burton M, Wood JM, Booth AO, Worsley A, Larsson C, Margerison C. Enough time for lunch? The duration and governance of lunch eating times in Australian primary schools: A mixed-methods study. Appetite 2021; 169:105817. [PMID: 34826526 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Developing healthy eating behaviours is important to assist children in maintaining good health and decrease the risk of chronic health conditions. Recent nutrition promotion efforts in Australian primary schools have mainly focused on canteen guideline compliance and obesity prevention interventions. The aim of this study was to investigate the primary school food environment, specifically, allocated lunch eating duration and the governance of children's lunch breaks. Parents (n = 402) and teachers (n = 123) were asked via an online survey, about school allocated lunch eating duration and its adequacy. Respondents were asked about the supervision, monitoring and feedback of children's lunches, as well as how they felt about these practices. Parents (n = 308) and teachers (n = 102) also responded to the open-ended question "What could be done to improve the school food environment at your school?". Ten minutes was the allocated lunch eating duration reported by most parents and teachers and 58% of those parents and 30% of those teachers rated this as inadequate. Increasing the allocated lunch eating duration was frequently cited as a way to improve the school food environment. A similar proportion of parents and teachers agreed with teachers monitoring food intake, not providing feedback on food brought to school, and that parents should decide what children eat. More parents (44%) than teachers (23%) believed that teachers should eat their own lunch with the children. These findings provide an insight into the primary school lunch environment and the views of two key stakeholder groups. School food policies should consider these findings in future revisions, particularly with regards to eating times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Burton
- Deakin University, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Julie Maree Wood
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Australia
| | - Alison O Booth
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Australia
| | - Anthony Worsley
- Deakin University, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Australia
| | - Christel Larsson
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claire Margerison
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Australia
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Heller RL, Chiero JD, Trout N, Mobley AR. A qualitative study of providers' perceptions of parental feeding practices of infants and toddlers to prevent childhood obesity. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1276. [PMID: 34193104 PMCID: PMC8243475 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11305-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With a recent focus on establishing US Dietary Guidance for children ages 0 to 2 years old, the objective of this qualitative study was to determine misconceptions and barriers that prevent parents from implementing early childhood feeding and obesity prevention practices as reported by healthcare, community-based, and education providers. Methods Trained researchers conducted one-on-one qualitative phone interviews, using a semi-structured script, with early childhood health and education providers working with families of young children. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using the classic analysis approach. Transcripts were coded by researchers and analyzed for themes. Results Providers (n = 21) reported commonly observed obesogenic practices including overfeeding tendencies, early initiation of solids or less optimal feeding practices, lack of autonomy and self-regulation by child, and suboptimal dietary patterns. Sources of parental misconceptions about feeding were often related to cultural, familial, and media influences, or lack of knowledge about optimal feeding practices for infants or toddlers. Conclusions Providers indicated a need for engaging and consistent child feeding and obesity prevention education materials appropriate for diverse cultural and literacy levels of parents, with detailed information on transitioning to solid foods. Early education and community-based providers reported limited access to evidence-based educational materials more so than healthcare providers. It is an opportune time to develop reputable and evidence-based child feeding guidance that is readily available and accessible for parents of infants and toddlers to prevent early childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Heller
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.,Rhythm Pharmaceuticals, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jesse D Chiero
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Nancy Trout
- Division of Primary Care, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Amy R Mobley
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Storrs, CT, USA. .,Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, PO Box 118210, Gainesville, FL, 32611-8210, USA.
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12
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Tan CC, Riley HO, Sturza J, Lumeng JC, Miller AL. Observed behavioral indicators of child satiation at mealtime: Associations with child characteristics and parent-reported child eating behaviors. Appetite 2021; 166:105480. [PMID: 34171410 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The notion of promoting parents' recognition of child satiation to reduce overfeeding and overeating in children is prevalent. To do so, it is important to identify common behaviors that may indicate satiation and can be easily recognized by parents. Relatively little work has focused on identifying behaviors that may indicate child satiation as they occur during naturalistic mealtimes, which is an important context for parents to observe their children's eating behavior. Hence, the goal of the current study is to examine whether observed behavioral indicators of child satiation at mealtimes are associated with child characteristics (i.e., sex, age, and BMIz) and parent-reported child appetitive traits. We coded observed behaviors thought to indicate satiation, specifically mealtime disengagement and mealtime negativity, in a cohort of 240 families with children between 4- and 8-years old (53% boys). First, we documented the occurrence of child disengagement and negativity during naturalistic mealtimes. Second, we found that lower child BMIz and being a boy were associated with greater mealtime disengagement, but child age was not associated with mealtime disengagement. No associations were found between child characteristics and mealtime negativity. Third, we found that mealtime disengagement and mealtime negativity were associated with mother-reported satiety responsiveness on the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Taken together, our findings suggest observed mealtime disengagement and mealtime negativity behaviors could be helpful indicators of child satiation in a naturalistic mealtime context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cin Cin Tan
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA.
| | - Hurley O Riley
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Julie Sturza
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Julie C Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Alison L Miller
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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13
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Gomes AI, Pereira AI, Roberto MS, Boraska K, Barros L. Changing parental feeding practices through web-based interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250231. [PMID: 33909666 PMCID: PMC8081248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Web-based parent interventions designed to promote children’s healthy eating patterns can enhance parents’ engagement and facilitate behavior change. However, it is still unclear how much the existing programs focus on changing parental feeding practices, and if so, which behavioral methodologies are used and how effective these interventions are in changing these parental behaviors. This systematic review and meta-analysis studied randomized controlled trials of web-based interventions targeting parents of 0-12-year-old children, aiming to promote children’s healthy diet or prevent nutrition-related problems and reporting parental feeding behaviors as one of the outcomes. We conducted an electronic search in four databases from the earliest publication date until February 2020. Of the 1271 records found, we retained twelve studies about nine programs, comprising 1766 parents that completed the baseline evaluation. We found recent interventions, mainly directed to parents of young children, with small, non-clinical samples, and mostly theory-based. The programs were heterogeneous regarding the type of intervention delivered and its duration. The most assessed parental feeding practices were Restriction, Pressure to eat, and Food availability/accessibility. The behavior change techniques Instruction on how to perform the behavior, Demonstration of the behavior, and Identification of self as role model were frequently used. Meta-analytic results indicated that most programs’ effects were small for the evaluated parental practices, except for Food availability/accessibility that benefited the intervention group only when all follow-up measurements were considered. The development of high-quality and controlled trials with larger samples is needed to determine with greater certainty the interventions’ impact on parental feeding behaviors. The more frequent inclusion of measures to evaluate parental practices to support children’s autonomy and of self-regulatory strategies as intervention components should be considered when designing programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Gomes
- Faculty of Psychology, Research Center for Psychological Science (CICPSI), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Ana Isabel Pereira
- Faculty of Psychology, Research Center for Psychological Science (CICPSI), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Magda Sofia Roberto
- Faculty of Psychology, Research Center for Psychological Science (CICPSI), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Klara Boraska
- Faculty of Psychology, Research Center for Psychological Science (CICPSI), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Croatia, Zagreb, Republic of Croatia
| | - Luisa Barros
- Faculty of Psychology, Research Center for Psychological Science (CICPSI), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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14
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Associations between Children's Genetic Susceptibility to Obesity, Infant's Appetite and Parental Feeding Practices in Toddlerhood. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051468. [PMID: 33925946 PMCID: PMC8146167 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous findings suggest that parental feeding practices may adapt to children's eating behavior and sex, but few studies assessed these associations in toddlerhood. We aimed to study the associations between infant's appetite or children's genetic susceptibility to obesity and parental feeding practices. We assessed infant's appetite (three-category indicator: low, normal or high appetite, labelled 4-to-24-month appetite) and calculated a combined obesity risk-allele score (genetic risk score of body mass index (BMI-GRS)) in a longitudinal study of respectively 1358 and 932 children from the EDEN cohort. Parental feeding practices were assessed at 2-year-follow-up by the CFPQ. Three of the five tested scores were used as continuous variables; others were considered as binary variables, according to the median. Associations between infant's appetite or child's BMI-GRS and parental feeding practices were assessed by linear and logistic regression models, stratified on child's sex if interactions were significant. 4-to-24-month appetite was positively associated with restrictive feeding practices among boys and girls. Among boys, high compared to normal 4-to-24-month appetite was associated with higher use of food to regulate child's emotions (OR [95% CI] = 2.24 [1.36; 3.68]). Child's BMI-GRS was not related to parental feeding practices. Parental feeding practices may adapt to parental perception of infant's appetite and child's sex.
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15
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Triador L, Colin-Ramirez E, Mackenzie ML, Tomaszewski E, Shah K, Gulayets H, Field CJ, Mager DR, Haqq AM. A two-component pictured-based appetite assessment tool is capable of detecting appetite sensations in younger children: A pilot study. Nutr Res 2021; 89:45-55. [PMID: 33894660 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Visual analogue scales (VAS) have commonly been used to assess appetite in children 8 years and older; however, these tools have been considered unreliable for children 7 years old and under. The objective of this pilot study was to develop a picture-based appetite assessment (PBAA) tool for children aged 4-10 years and pilot test it compared to a VAS-based appetite assessment. The study hypothesis was that the PBAA scores would decrease following the consumption of an ad libitum snack compared to the scores in the fasted state in children 4 to 10 years old; furthermore, there would be a good level of agreement (intraclass correlation coefficients >0.75) between the appetite scores by the PBAA and VAS tools in children aged 8 years or older. At Visit 1, in a fasted state, all children (n = 15) completed the PBAA. Children who were 8-10 years old (n = 8) also completed the VAS-based appetite assessment. Then, an ad libitum snack was provided, and appetite assessments were repeated at 5-, 30- and 60-minutes post-snack. The same assessments were completed at visit 2 pre (fasting)- and post-consumption of a snack containing 25% of the amount consumed at visit 1 (limited snack). PBAA scores were different across time (P < .001) and between types of meal (ad libitum vs limited snack) (P = .015) in all children. A good agreement between the PBAA and VAS scores at 30 and 60 minutes after both types of meal was found (intraclass correlation coefficients >0.75). The PBAA tool was able to detect expected changes in appetite sensations and was in good agreement with the VAS instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucila Triador
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, Alberta, Canada
| | - Eloisa Colin-Ramirez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michelle L Mackenzie
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, Alberta, Canada
| | - Emily Tomaszewski
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, Alberta, Canada
| | - Krishna Shah
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hayley Gulayets
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, Alberta, Canada
| | - Diana R Mager
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrea M Haqq
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, Alberta, Canada; Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, Alberta, Canada.
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16
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Chardon ML, Pinto S, Slayton WB, Fisher RS, Janicke DM. Eating behaviors and dietary quality in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2021; 68:e28811. [PMID: 33381920 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors' increased risk for adverse health outcomes could be mitigated through consuming a balanced diet. Nonetheless, >70% of adult survivors do not meet survivorship dietary recommendations. ALL treatment may amplify risk for restricted dietary preferences (picky eating) and poor self-regulation of food intake that could contribute to suboptimal diets in survivorship. This study aims to: (a) characterize differences in picky eating and self-regulation of food intake between survivors and peer controls; and (b) examine the associations between these eating behaviors and dietary quality in ALL survivors relative to peer controls. METHODS Participants were children (5-13 years) with (n = 32) and without (n = 32) a history of ALL and their caregivers. Children's dietary quality (Healthy Eating Index-2015) was calculated from 24-h dietary recalls. Caregivers completed the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire-Food Fussiness subscale and the Child Self-Regulation in Eating Questionnaire. RESULTS Independent samples t-tests revealed survivors exhibited greater picky eating than peer controls but comparable self-regulation of food intake. Bootstrapped grouped multivariate regression results showed that for ALL survivors, greater picky eating was associated with worse dietary quality (controlling for age and self-regulation of food intake). For peer controls, worse self-regulation of food intake was associated with poorer dietary quality (controlling for picky eating and age). CONCLUSIONS Results provide preliminary support that different eating behaviors contribute to poor dietary quality in children with and without an ALL history. These findings suggest that interventions to improve ALL survivors' dietary quality may benefit targeting picky eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie L Chardon
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Stefania Pinto
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - William B Slayton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Rachel S Fisher
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - David M Janicke
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review describes clinical management of early-onset severe obesity, defined here as severe obesity in children ≤ 5 years old. It summarizes current information regarding (1) assessment, specifically growth, genetics, cardiometabolic risk, health behaviors, developmental considerations, and psychosocial factors, and (2) treatment, focusing on lifestyle modification including parent training and a brief summary of pharmacotherapy. RECENT FINDINGS Prevalence of severe obesity in young children has remained stable yet most of these children will become adults with obesity. Interventions that address multiple health domains, such as eating habits, physical activity, and parenting skills, are necessary for addressing early-onset severe obesity. Research into pharmacotherapy remains limited but may provide future strategies for management. Early-onset severe obesity significantly influences children's long-term health and management should focus on intervention to promote BMI reduction. Further research into effective strategies is necessary to address the needs of this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Raatz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, USA
- Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Amy C Gross
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, USA.
- Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
- , Minneapolis, USA.
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18
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Appetite self-regulation declines across childhood while general self-regulation improves: A narrative review of the origins and development of appetite self-regulation. Appetite 2021; 162:105178. [PMID: 33639246 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This narrative review discusses the origins and development of appetite self-regulation (ASR) in childhood (from infancy to age 6 or 7 years). The origins, or foundations, are the biological infrastructure associated with appetite regulation and appetite self-regulation. Homeostatic regulation in infancy is examined and then evidence about developmental change in components of ASR. The main ASR-related components covered are: delay-of-gratification, caloric compensation, eating in the absence of hunger, food responsiveness/hedonics and fussy eating. The research included behavioral measures, parent-reports of appetitive traits and fMRI studies. There were two main trends in the evidence: a decline across childhood in the components of ASR associated with food approach (and therefore an increase in disinhibited eating), and wide individual differences. The decline in ASR contrasts with general self-regulation (GSR) where the evidence is of an improvement across childhood. For many children, bottom-up automatic reactive processes via food reward/hedonics or food avoidance as in fussy eating, appear not to be matched by improvements in top-down regulatory capacities. The prominence of bottom-up processes in ASR could be the main factor in possible differences in developmental paths for GSR and ASR. GSR research is situated in developmental science with its focus on developmental processes, theory and methodology. In contrast, the development of ASR at present does not have a strong developmental tradition to access and there is no unifying model of ASR and its development. We concluded (1) outside of mean-level or normative changes in the components of ASR, individual differences are prominent, and (2) there is a need to formulate models of developmental change in ASR together with appropriate measurement, research designs and data analysis strategies.
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19
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Flores-Dorantes MT, Díaz-López YE, Gutiérrez-Aguilar R. Environment and Gene Association With Obesity and Their Impact on Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Diseases. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:863. [PMID: 32982666 PMCID: PMC7483585 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease in which environmental conditions and several genes play an important role in the development of this disease. Obesity is associated with neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer, Parkinson, and Huntington diseases) and with neurodevelopmental diseases (autism disorder, schizophrenia, and fragile X syndrome). Some of the environmental conditions that lead to obesity are physical activity, alcohol consumption, socioeconomic status, parent feeding behavior, and diet. Interestingly, some of these environmental conditions are shared with neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. Obesity impairs neurodevelopment abilities as memory and fine-motor skills. Moreover, maternal obesity affects the cognitive function and mental health of the offspring. The common biological mechanisms involved in obesity and neurodegenerative/neurodevelopmental diseases are insulin resistance, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative damage, among others, leading to impaired brain development or cell death. Obesogenic environmental conditions are not the only factors that influence neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. In fact, several genes implicated in the leptin–melanocortin pathway (LEP, LEPR, POMC, BDNF, MC4R, PCSK1, SIM1, BDNF, TrkB, etc.) are associated with obesity and neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. Moreover, in the last decades, the discovery of new genes associated with obesity (FTO, NRXN3, NPC1, NEGR1, MTCH2, GNPDA2, among others) and with neurodegenerative or neurodevelopmental diseases (APOE, CD38, SIRT1, TNFα, PAI-1, TREM2, SYT4, FMR1, TET3, among others) had opened new pathways to comprehend the common mechanisms involved in these diseases. In conclusion, the obesogenic environmental conditions, the genes, and the interaction gene–environment would lead to a better understanding of the etiology of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Flores-Dorantes
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Farmacogenómica, Centro de Investigación de Ciencia y Tecnología Aplicada de Tabasco, División Académica de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Mexico
| | - Yael Efren Díaz-López
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Metabólicas: Obesidad y Diabetes, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez," Mexico City, Mexico.,División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruth Gutiérrez-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Metabólicas: Obesidad y Diabetes, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez," Mexico City, Mexico.,División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
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20
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Kong KL, Anzman-Frasca S, Epstein LH, Eiden RD, Paluch RA. Infants with big appetites: The role of a nonfood environment on infant appetitive traits linked to obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:948-955. [PMID: 32652028 PMCID: PMC7762759 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual differences in appetitive traits present in the first few weeks of life. Research has shown that infants with a greater food reinforcement ratio (FRR) have higher obesity risk. To date, limited work has examined the relation between FRR and appetitive traits of infants, and how FRR relates to appetitive traits and obesity development. OBJECTIVES To examine the relation between appetitive traits and food and nonfood reinforcement of infants aged 9-18 mo, and to examine whether food and nonfood reinforcement mediate the relation between appetitive traits and weight-for-length z-score (zWFL). METHOD This secondary data analysis was conducted by combining 4 different cohorts of infants (n = 143) who have complete data on the food/nonfood reinforcement task, Baby Eating Behavior Questionnaire, and anthropometrics and demographics assessments. Three different nonfood reinforcers were used: video (DVD; n = 27), playing with bubbles (Bubbles; n = 67), and music accompanied by instruments (Music; n = 49) for the nonfood portion of the task. For the food portion of the task, the infant's favorite food was used. RESULTS General appetite positively correlated with FRR and zWFL, but negatively correlated with nonfood reinforcement; satiety responsiveness negatively correlated with food reinforcement, FRR, and zWFL. Mediational analysis showed that effects of general appetite on zWFL were mediated by FRR (indirect effect = 0.100, 95% CI: 0.041, 0.187) and nonfood reinforcement (indirect effect = 0.076, 95% CI: 0.025, 0.156). We also observed the mediating effect of FRR on the relation of satiety responsiveness and zWFL (indirect effect = -0.097, 95% CI: -0.204, -0.026). CONCLUSIONS Our work contributes to the mechanistic understanding of the ontogeny of obesity development early in life among individuals who are born with appetitive drive for overconsumption. During early infancy, the nonfood environment may protect against this drive and prevent obesity development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie Anzman-Frasca
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA,Center for Ingestive Behavior Research, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Leonard H Epstein
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA,Center for Ingestive Behavior Research, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Rina D Eiden
- Department of Psychology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Rocco A Paluch
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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21
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The moderating role of parent gender on the relationship between restrictive feeding and a child's self–regulation in eating: Results from mother-only samples may not apply to both parents. Appetite 2019; 143:104424. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Monnery-Patris S, Rigal N, Peteuil A, Chabanet C, Issanchou S. Development of a new questionnaire to assess the links between children's self-regulation of eating and related parental feeding practices. Appetite 2019; 138:174-183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Nurturing Children's Healthy Eating: Position statement. Appetite 2019; 137:124-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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24
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Walton K, Haycraft E, Jewell K, Breen A, Randall Simpson J, Haines J. The Family Mealtime Observation Study (FaMOS): Exploring the Role of Family Functioning in the Association between Mothers' and Fathers' Food Parenting Practices and Children's Nutrition Risk. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030630. [PMID: 30875873 PMCID: PMC6472050 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study explores associations between mothers’ and fathers’ food parenting practices and children’s nutrition risk, while examining whether family functioning modifies or confounds the association. Home observations assessed parents’ food parenting practices during dinnertime (n = 73 families with preschoolers). Children’s nutrition risk was calculated using NutriSTEP®. Linear regression models examined associations between food parenting practices and NutriSTEP® scores. An interaction term (family functioning × food parenting practice) explored effect modification; models were adjusted for family functioning to explore confounding. Among mothers, more frequent physical food restriction was associated with higher nutrition risk in their children (β = 0.40 NutriSTEP® points, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 2.30, 7.58) and among both mothers and fathers, positive comments about the target child’s food were associated with lower nutrition risk (mothers: β = −0.31 NutriSTEP® points, 95% CI = −0.54, −0.08; fathers: β = −0.27 NutriSTEP® points, 95% CI = −0.75, −0.01) in models adjusted for parent education and child Body Mass Index (BMI) z-score. Family functioning did not modify these associations and they remained significant after adjustment for family functioning. Helping parents to use positive encouragement rather than restriction may help to reduce their children’s nutrition risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Walton
- Department of Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.
| | - Emma Haycraft
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Kira Jewell
- Department of Family Relations & Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Andrea Breen
- Department of Family Relations & Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Janis Randall Simpson
- Department of Family Relations & Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Jess Haines
- Department of Family Relations & Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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25
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McCrickerd K. Cultivating self-regulatory eating behaviours during childhood: The evidence and opportunities. NUTR BULL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. McCrickerd
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC); Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS); Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR); Singapore
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Observing Maternal Restriction of Food with 3⁻5-Year-Old Children: Relationships with Temperament and Later Body Mass Index (BMI). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15061273. [PMID: 29914137 PMCID: PMC6025183 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Overt parental restriction of food has previously been associated with child weight; however, most research has relied on self-reported feeding behaviour, or observations which give little opportunity to observe restriction of food. Using a novel lab-based observational technique to increase the opportunity to observe maternal feeding restriction, we explored the relationships between maternal restriction, child responses to restriction and child temperament with child body mass index (BMI) Z-scores over time. Sixty-two mother child dyads were recruited to the study when their children were aged 3⁻5 years and were followed up 2 years later (N = 39 dyads). Families were observed during a feeding interaction in the laboratory where cookies were offered with the main meal to increase the opportunity for maternal restriction of food. Feeding observations were coded and child temperament and BMI were measured. Controlling for current child BMI Z-scores, greater maternal verbal and physical restriction of food at 3⁻5 years was related to higher child BMI Z-scores at 5⁻7 years. More emotional children were less likely to experience restriction and less likely to accept attempts to restrict their food intake. Further research should consider children’s reactions to parental feeding behaviours in greater depth and explore how feeding practices interact with child temperament in the prediction of changes in child weight.
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Bernstein H, Santos M. Definitions of hunger and fullness among youth enrolled in a pediatric weight management program. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2018; 23:167-170. [PMID: 29460794 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The development and maintenance of obesity is multifactorial and involves the interplay of environmental, cultural, social, and biological influences. The purpose of the current paper was to describe hunger and fullness in a sample of pediatric patients seeking treatment for obesity. The goals of this study were to gain information about how youth with obesity describe their experience of being hungry and full and to explore common themes within these descriptions. Twenty-five patients entering a Stage 3 pediatric obesity program responded to the open-ended questions: "how do you know when you are hungry" and "how do you know when you are full?" The results found that the majority of youth used physical cues as a way to identify hunger and fullness cues. For identifying hunger, participants most frequently reported using cues such as their stomach growling or stomach pain as an indication that they are hungry. For identifying fullness, the majority of participants relied on discomfort. The current findings suggest that youth with obesity are able to attend to extreme physical cues (e.g., pain, sickness) of fullness but may not be aware of subtle cues that allow them to stop eating once they are satisfied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Bernstein
- Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Obesity Center, USA
| | - Melissa Santos
- Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Obesity Center, USA; University of Connecticut Health Center, USA.
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