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Zhao S, Semeia L, Veit R, Luo S, Angelo BC, Chow T, Birkenfeld AL, Preissl H, Xiang AH, Page KA, Kullmann S. Exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus in utero impacts hippocampal functional connectivity in response to food cues in children. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024:10.1038/s41366-024-01608-1. [PMID: 39198584 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01608-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Intrauterine exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases the risk of obesity in the offspring, but little is known about the underlying neural mechanisms. The hippocampus is crucial for food intake regulation and is vulnerable to the effects of obesity. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether GDM exposure affects hippocampal functional connectivity during exposure to food cues using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). METHODS Participants were 90 children age 7-11 years (53 females) who underwent an fMRI-based visual food cue task in the fasted state. Hippocampal functional connectivity (FC) was examined using generalized psychophysiological interaction in response to food versus non-food cues. Hippocampal FC was compared between children with and without GDM exposure, while controlling for possible confounding effects of age, sex and waist-to-hip ratio. In addition, the influence of childhood and maternal obesity were investigated using multiple regression models. RESULTS While viewing high caloric food cues compared to non-food cure, children with GDM exposure exhibited higher hippocampal FC to the insula and striatum (i.e., putamen, pallidum and nucleus accumbens) compared to unexposed children. With increasing BMI, children with GDM exposure had lower hippocampal FC to the somatosensory cortex (i.e., postcentral gyrus). CONCLUSIONS Intrauterine exposure to GDM was associated with higher food-cue induced hippocampal FC especially to reward processing regions. Future studies with longitudinal measurements are needed to clarify whether altered hippocampal FC may raise the risk of the development of metabolic diseases later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixiu Zhao
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Semeia
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Veit
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Shan Luo
- Division of Endocrinology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brendan C Angelo
- Division of Endocrinology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ting Chow
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hubert Preissl
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anny H Xiang
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen A Page
- Division of Endocrinology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie Kullmann
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Rosberg A, Merisaari H, Lewis JD, Hashempour N, Lukkarinen M, Rasmussen JM, Scheinin NM, Karlsson L, Karlsson H, Tuulari JJ. Associations between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and infant striatal mean diffusivity. BMC Med 2024; 22:140. [PMID: 38528552 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03340-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well-established that parental obesity is a strong risk factor for offspring obesity. Further, a converging body of evidence now suggests that maternal weight profiles may affect the developing offspring's brain in a manner that confers future obesity risk. Here, we investigated how pre-pregnancy maternal weight status influences the reward-related striatal areas of the offspring's brain during in utero development. METHODS We used diffusion tensor imaging to quantify the microstructure of the striatal brain regions of interest in neonates (N = 116 [66 males, 50 females], mean gestational weeks at birth [39.88], SD = 1.14; at scan [43.56], SD = 1.05). Linear regression was used to test the associations between maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and infant striatal mean diffusivity. RESULTS High maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with higher mean MD values in the infant's left caudate nucleus. Results remained unchanged after the adjustment for covariates. CONCLUSIONS In utero exposure to maternal adiposity might have a growth-impairing impact on the mean diffusivity of the infant's left caudate nucleus. Considering the involvement of the caudate nucleus in regulating eating behavior and food-related reward processing later in life, this finding calls for further investigations to define the prognostic relevance of early-life caudate nucleus development and weight trajectories of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Rosberg
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Harri Merisaari
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - John D Lewis
- The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids) Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Niloofar Hashempour
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Minna Lukkarinen
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Noora M Scheinin
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Satakunta Wellbeing Services County, Turku, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jetro J Tuulari
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Collegium for Science, Medicine and Technology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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3
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Kullmann S, Zhao S, Semeia L, Veit R, Luo S, Angelo B, Chow T, Birkenfeld A, Preissl H, Xiang A, Page K. Exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus in utero impacts hippocampal functional connectivity in response to food cues in children. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3953330. [PMID: 38559106 PMCID: PMC10980092 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3953330/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Intrauterine exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases the risk of obesity in the offspring, but little is known about the underlying neural mechanisms. The hippocampus is crucial for food intake regulation and is vulnerable to the effects of obesity. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether GDM exposure affects hippocampal functional connectivity during exposure to food cues using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Methods Participants were 90 children age 7-11 years (53 females) who underwent an fMRI-based visual food cue task in the fasted state. Hippocampal functional connectivity (FC) was examined using generalized psychophysiological interaction in response to high-calorie food versus non-food cues. Food-cue induced hippocampal FC was compared between children with and without GDM exposure, while controlling for possible confounding effects of age, sex and waist-to-hip ratio. Results Children with GDM exposure exhibited stronger hippocampal FC to the insula and striatum (i.e., putamen, pallidum and nucleus accumbens) compared to unexposed children, while viewing high caloric food cues. Conclusions Intrauterine exposure to GDM was associated with higher food-cue induced hippocampal FC to reward processing regions. Future studies with longitudinal measurements are needed to clarify whether increased hippocampal FC to reward processing regions may raise the risk of the development of metabolic diseases later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Brendan Angelo
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Ting Chow
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California
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Berridge KC. Separating desire from prediction of outcome value. Trends Cogn Sci 2023; 27:932-946. [PMID: 37543439 PMCID: PMC10527990 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Individuals typically want what they expect to like, often based on memories of previous positive experiences. However, in some situations desire can decouple completely from memories and from learned predictions of outcome value. The potential for desire to separate from prediction arises from independent operating rules that control motivational incentive salience. Incentive salience, or 'wanting', is a type of mesolimbic desire that evolved for adaptive goals, but can also generate maladaptive addictions. Two proof-of-principle examples are presented here to show how motivational 'wanting' can soar above memory-based predictions of outcome value: (i) 'wanting what is remembered to be disgusting', and (ii) 'wanting what is predicted to hurt'. Consequently, even outcomes remembered and predicted to be negatively aversive can become positively 'wanted'. Similarly, in human addictions, people may experience powerful cue-triggered cravings for outcomes that are not predicted to be enjoyable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent C Berridge
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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Passeri A, Municchi D, Cavalieri G, Babicola L, Ventura R, Di Segni M. Linking drug and food addiction: an overview of the shared neural circuits and behavioral phenotype. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1240748. [PMID: 37767338 PMCID: PMC10520727 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1240748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a lack of agreement on its definition and inclusion as a specific diagnosable disturbance, the food addiction construct is supported by several neurobiological and behavioral clinical and preclinical findings. Recognizing food addiction is critical to understanding how and why it manifests. In this overview, we focused on those as follows: 1. the hyperpalatable food effects in food addiction development; 2. specific brain regions involved in both food and drug addiction; and 3. animal models highlighting commonalities between substance use disorders and food addiction. Although results collected through animal studies emerged from protocols differing in several ways, they clearly highlight commonalities in behavioral manifestations and neurobiological alterations between substance use disorders and food addiction characteristics. To develop improved food addiction models, this heterogeneity should be acknowledged and embraced so that research can systematically investigate the role of specific variables in the development of the different behavioral features of addiction-like behavior in preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Passeri
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology and Center “Daniel Bovet”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Diana Municchi
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology and Center “Daniel Bovet”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Cavalieri
- Department of Psychology and Center “Daniel Bovet”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Rossella Ventura
- Department of Psychology and Center “Daniel Bovet”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Di Segni
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychology and Center “Daniel Bovet”, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Custers E, Vreeken D, Kaufmann LK, Pujol-Gualdo N, Asbreuk M, Wiesmann M, Aarts E, Hazebroek EJ, Kiliaan AJ. Cognitive Control and Weight Loss After Bariatric Surgery: the BARICO Study. Obes Surg 2023; 33:2799-2807. [PMID: 37477832 PMCID: PMC10435598 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06744-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Bariatric surgery (BS) is an effective treatment for obesity. However, some individuals experience insufficient weight loss after surgery. Therefore, we investigated whether cognitive control affects weight loss after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). METHODS Within this exploratory observational study, part of the BARICO study (BAriatric surgery Rijnstate and Radboudumc neuroImaging and Cognition in Obesity), participants aged between 35 and 55 years eligible for RYGB were included. Before and after BS, body weight, (delta) BMI and percentage total body weight loss (%TBWL) were determined. Additionally, at baseline, Stroop task-performance, -activation and -connectivity were assessed by a color-word paradigm task during functional neuroimaging to determine the ability of participants to inhibit cognitive interference. RESULTS Seventy-six participants were included, of whom 14 were excluded from fMRI analysis, leaving 62 participants. Participants were aged 45.0 ± 5.9 years with a mean pre-surgery BMI of 40.2 ± 3.3 kg/m2, and 86% were women. Mean decrease in BMI was 13.8 ± 2.5 kg/m2, and mean %TBWL was 34.9 ± 6.3% 1 year after BS. Stroop task performance did not correlate with (delta) BMI and %TBWL. The inferior parietal/middle occipital gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, and supplementary motor cortex were involved in cognitive interference, although activity in these regions did not predict weight loss after surgery. Lastly, generalized psychophysiological interaction did not provide evidence for (delta) BMI- and %TBWL-dependent connectivity modulation. DISCUSSION Cognitive control did not predict weight loss after surgery. Future studies should focus on longer follow-up periods to understand the relation between cognitive control and weight loss. TRIAL REGISTRATION NL7090 ( https://www.clinicaltrialregister.nl/nl/trial/28949 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Custers
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Preclinical Imaging Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Vitalys, Part of Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Geert Grooteplein 21N, 6525 EZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Debby Vreeken
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Preclinical Imaging Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Vitalys, Part of Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Geert Grooteplein 21N, 6525 EZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa-Katrin Kaufmann
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Geert Grooteplein 21N, 6525 EZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Natalia Pujol-Gualdo
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Preclinical Imaging Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marije Asbreuk
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Preclinical Imaging Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maximilian Wiesmann
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Preclinical Imaging Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Geert Grooteplein 21N, 6525 EZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Aarts
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Geert Grooteplein 21N, 6525 EZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eric J Hazebroek
- Department of Bariatric Surgery, Vitalys, Part of Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda J Kiliaan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Preclinical Imaging Centre, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Geert Grooteplein 21N, 6525 EZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Wang J, Dong D, Liu Y, Yang Y, Chen X, He Q, Lei X, Feng T, Qiu J, Chen H. Multivariate resting-state functional connectomes predict and characterize obesity phenotypes. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:8368-8381. [PMID: 37032621 PMCID: PMC10505423 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The univariate obesity-brain associations have been extensively explored, while little is known about the multivariate associations between obesity and resting-state functional connectivity. We therefore utilized machine learning and resting-state functional connectivity to develop and validate predictive models of 4 obesity phenotypes (i.e. body fat percentage, body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-height ratio) in 3 large neuroimaging datasets (n = 2,992). Preliminary evidence suggested that the resting-state functional connectomes effectively predicted obesity/weight status defined by each obesity phenotype with good generalizability to longitudinal and independent datasets. However, the differences between resting-state functional connectivity patterns characterizing different obesity phenotypes indicated that the obesity-brain associations varied according to the type of measure of obesity. The shared structure among resting-state functional connectivity patterns revealed reproducible neuroimaging biomarkers of obesity, primarily comprising the connectomes within the visual cortex and between the visual cortex and inferior parietal lobule, visual cortex and orbital gyrus, and amygdala and orbital gyrus, which further suggested that the dysfunctions in the perception, attention and value encoding of visual information (e.g. visual food cues) and abnormalities in the reward circuit may act as crucial neurobiological bases of obesity. The recruitment of multiple obesity phenotypes is indispensable in future studies seeking reproducible obesity-brain associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Debo Dong
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Yong Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingkai Yang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ximei Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinghua He
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Lei
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingyong Feng
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Edwin Thanarajah S, DiFeliceantonio AG, Albus K, Kuzmanovic B, Rigoux L, Iglesias S, Hanßen R, Schlamann M, Cornely OA, Brüning JC, Tittgemeyer M, Small DM. Habitual daily intake of a sweet and fatty snack modulates reward processing in humans. Cell Metab 2023; 35:571-584.e6. [PMID: 36958330 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Western diets rich in fat and sugar promote excess calorie intake and weight gain; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Despite a well-documented association between obesity and altered brain dopamine function, it remains elusive whether these alterations are (1) pre-existing, increasing the individual susceptibility to weight gain, (2) secondary to obesity, or (3) directly attributable to repeated exposure to western diet. To close this gap, we performed a randomized, controlled study (NCT05574660) with normal-weight participants exposed to a high-fat/high-sugar snack or a low-fat/low-sugar snack for 8 weeks in addition to their regular diet. The high-fat/high-sugar intervention decreased the preference for low-fat food while increasing brain response to food and associative learning independent of food cues or reward. These alterations were independent of changes in body weight and metabolic parameters, indicating a direct effect of high-fat, high-sugar foods on neurobehavioral adaptations that may increase the risk for overeating and weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmili Edwin Thanarajah
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alexandra G DiFeliceantonio
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion & Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Kerstin Albus
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) & Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Lionel Rigoux
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sandra Iglesias
- Translational Neuromodeling Unit, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Hanßen
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany; Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEPD), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marc Schlamann
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver A Cornely
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD) & Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Clinical Trials Centre Cologne (ZKS Köln), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens C Brüning
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEPD), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marc Tittgemeyer
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Dana M Small
- Modern Diet and Physiology Research Center, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Acute Effects of Different Electroacupuncture Point Combinations to Modulate the Gut-Brain Axis in the Minipig Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4384693. [PMID: 36310617 PMCID: PMC9613379 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4384693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the gut-brain axis responses to acute electroacupuncture (EA) at different acupoint combinations in the minipig model. Four adult Yucatan minipigs were subjected twice to four acute EA treatments (25-minute acute sessions) including sham (false acupoints) and control (no EA), during anesthesia and according to a Latin-square design paradigm. Acupoint combinations (4 loci each) are head-abdomen (#70 Dafengmen, #35 Sanwan), back (bilateral #27 Pishu, #28 Weishu), leg (bilateral #79 Hangou, #63 Housanli), and sham (2 bilateral points that are not acupoints). Electrocardiograms were performed to explore heart rate variability (HRV). Infrared thermography was used to measure skin temperature at the stimulation points. Saliva (cortisol) and blood samples (leptin, total/active ghrelin, insulin, and glucose) were collected for further analyses before and after acute EA. All animals were also subjected to BOLD fMRI to investigate the brain responses to EA. Acute EA significantly modulated several physiological and metabolic parameters compared to basal, sham, and/or control conditions, with contrasting effects in terms of BOLD responses in brain regions involved in the hedonic and cognitive control of food intake. The head-abdomen combination appeared to be the most promising combination in terms of brain modulation of the corticostriatal circuit, with upregulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, dorsal striatum, and anterior cingulate cortex. It also induced significantly lower plasma ghrelin levels compared to sham, suggesting anorectic effects, as well as no temperature drop at the stimulation site. This study opens the way to a further preclinical trial aimed at investigating chronic EA in obese minipigs.
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Liu X, Liu Y, Song S, Xiang G, Du X, Li Q, Xiao M, Ling Y, Chen H. "Free won't" of food in overweight and normal-weight adults: Comparison of neurocognitive correlates of intentional and reactive inhibitions. Neuropsychologia 2022; 174:108351. [PMID: 35995241 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Food-related inhibition plays a critical role in the manifestation of overweight. Previous research has focused exclusively on stimulus-driven (reactive) inhibition, which is different from intentional inhibition that refers to an internally generated decision to "stop". This study investigated the food-related neurophysiological correlates of intentional and reactive inhibitions in overweight and normal-weight adults. We compared 35 overweight participants (OWs) and 34 normal-weight participants (NWs) on performance and electroencephalography-based measures during a food-related go/no-go/choose task. In this task, participants made reactive responses to an instructed go/no-go target or made intentional choices whether to execute or inhibit a keypress when presented with a free-choice target. Our results mainly showed, 1) for group-difference, N2a amplitudes of OWs were less negative than that of NWs in the intentional trials; 2) for source difference, N2a amplitudes were less negative in reactive condition than in intentional condition uniquely in OWs. Moreover, comparison across intentional responses revealed that P2 amplitudes in no-go trials were lower than in go trials. Additionally, a greater body mass index correlated with lower intentional no-go-P2 and reactive go/no-go-P2 amplitudes. These findings suggest that overweight is associated with deficits in food-related intentional inhibition, which is segregated from reactive inhibition. The individual differences in premotor inhibition during free-choice situations might provide an explanation for overeating behaviors in overweight adults' daily life. Further, our results refine the ERP marker of intentional inhibition from N2 to N2a, which could be an essential neural mechanism underlying the "free won't" of food in OWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Shiqing Song
- Faculty of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China.
| | - Guangcan Xiang
- Tian Jiabing College of Education, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China.
| | - Xiaoli Du
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Qingqing Li
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Mingyue Xiao
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Ying Ling
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Hong Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Xinyuan L, Ximei C, Qingqing L, Guangcan X, Wei L, Mingyue X, Xiaoli D, Shiqing S, Yong L, Hong C. Altered resting-state functional connectivity of medial frontal cortex in overweight individuals: Link to food-specific intentional inhibition and weight gain. Behav Brain Res 2022; 433:114003. [PMID: 35811002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Numerous findings from functional neuroimaging research suggest that overweight may be associated with alterations in reactive inhibition. However, there is a dearth of research investigating the functional connectivity that mediates intentional inhibition in overweight individuals. To explore this issue, 55 overweight and 45 normal-weight adults completed an assessment consisting of a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan, a behavioural task measuring food-specific intentional inhibition, and a 1-year longitudinal measurement of BMI change. A seed-based approach was employed to examine the group-difference of the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the medial frontal cortex (MFC) (dorsal fronto-medial cortex [dFMC], pre-supplementary motor area, and premotor cortex) regions involved in intentional inhibition. Compared with normal-weight adults, the overweight individuals exhibited higher rsFC between the MFC seeds and (i) cerebellum, (ii) postcentral gyrus, (iii) middle temporal gyrus, and (iv) posterior cingulate cortex, while lower rsFC strength were observed between MFC seeds and (i) putamen and (ii) insula. The overweight individuals with higher dFMC-cerebellum rsFC strength showed poorer performance in food-specific intentional inhibition and gained more weight a year later than those of normal-weight participants. Results suggested that altered functional connections between MFC and regions associated with reward and maladaptive eating may be key neural mechanisms of food-specific intentional inhibition in overweight status. Therefore, individuals are encouraged to make informed decisions about their health and reduce their consumption of obesogenic foods from the perspective of intentional inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Xinyuan
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Chen Ximei
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Li Qingqing
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Xiang Guangcan
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Li Wei
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Xiao Mingyue
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Du Xiaoli
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Song Shiqing
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Liu Yong
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Chen Hong
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (SWU), Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Morales I. Brain regulation of hunger and motivation: The case for integrating homeostatic and hedonic concepts and its implications for obesity and addiction. Appetite 2022; 177:106146. [PMID: 35753443 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and other eating disorders are marked by dysregulations to brain metabolic, hedonic, motivational, and sensory systems that control food intake. Classic approaches in hunger research have distinguished between hedonic and homeostatic processes, and have mostly treated these systems as independent. Hindbrain structures and a complex network of interconnected hypothalamic nuclei control metabolic processes, energy expenditure, and food intake while mesocorticolimbic structures are though to control hedonic and motivational processes associated with food reward. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that hedonic and homeostatic brain systems do not function in isolation, but rather interact as part of a larger network that regulates food intake. Incentive theories of motivation provide a useful route to explore these interactions. Adapting incentive theories of motivation can enable researchers to better how motivational systems dysfunction during disease. Obesity and addiction are associated with profound alterations to both hedonic and homeostatic brain systems that result in maladaptive patterns of consumption. A subset of individuals with obesity may experience pathological cravings for food due to incentive sensitization of brain systems that generate excessive 'wanting' to eat. Further progress in understanding how the brain regulates hunger and appetite may depend on merging traditional hedonic and homeostatic concepts of food reward and motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Morales
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1043, USA.
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Varied Effects of COVID-19 Chemosensory Loss and Distortion on Appetite: Implications for Understanding Motives for Eating and Drinking. Foods 2022; 11:foods11040607. [PMID: 35206083 PMCID: PMC8871400 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A common symptom of COVID-19 is altered smell and taste. This qualitative study sought to further characterise this altered chemosensory perception and its effects on appetite for food and drink. Eighteen women and two men who had experienced chemosensory loss associated with COVID-19 participated in semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis of the interview transcripts revealed five major themes. These confirmed that all participants had experienced an altered sense of smell (anosmia, and less frequently parosmia and phantosmia) of variable duration. Loss of taste (ability to detect sweetness, saltiness, etc.) was less common. Participants experienced decreased, no change or increased appetite, with six participants reporting weight loss. Consistent with evidence linking diminished appetite with inflammation, for two participants, decreased appetite preceded anosmia onset. Anosmia reduced enjoyment of food and drink. Compensatory strategies included choosing salty, sweet and ‘spicy’ foods, and increased attention to food texture, and there was evidence that the postingestive rewarding effects of food intake were also important for maintaining appetite. Some participants mentioned increased alcohol intake, in part facilitated by reduced intensity of disliked flavours of alcoholic drinks. The narratives also underlined the value placed on the sociability and structuring of time that daily meals provide. This research adds to the record and analysis of lived experiences of altered chemosensory perception resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection, and it contributes insights concerning the role of smell and flavour in motivating and rewarding food ingestion.
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