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Willoughby O, Karrow NA, Marques Freire Cunha S, Asselstine V, Mallard BA, Cánovas Á. Characterization of the Hepatic Transcriptome for Divergent Immune-Responding Sheep Following Natural Exposure to Gastrointestinal Nematodes. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:713. [PMID: 38927648 PMCID: PMC11202434 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Infections with gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) reduce the economic efficiency of sheep operations and compromise animal welfare. Understanding the host's response to GIN infection can help producers identify animals that are naturally resistant to infection. The objective of this study was to characterize the hepatic transcriptome of sheep that had been naturally exposed to GIN parasites. The hepatic transcriptome was studied using RNA-Sequencing technology in animals characterized as high (n = 5) or medium (n = 6) based on their innate immune acute-phase (AP) response phenotype compared with uninfected controls (n = 4), and with biased antibody-mediated (AbMR, n = 5) or cell-mediated (CMR, n = 5) adaptive immune responsiveness compared to uninfected controls (n = 3). Following the assessment of sheep selected for innate responses, 0, 136, and 167 genes were differentially expressed (DE) between high- and medium-responding animals, high-responding and uninfected control animals, and medium-responding and uninfected control animals, respectively (false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05, and fold change |FC| > 2). When adaptive immune responses were assessed, 0, 53, and 57 genes were DE between antibody- and cell-biased animals, antibody-biased and uninfected control animals, and cell-biased and uninfected control animals, respectively (FDR < 0.05, |FC| > 2). Functional analyses identified enriched gene ontology (GO) terms and metabolic pathways related to the innate immune response and energy metabolism. Six functional candidate genes were identified for further functional and validation studies to better understand the underlying biological mechanisms of host responses to GINs. These, in turn, can potentially help improve decision making and management practices to increase the overall host immune response to GIN infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Willoughby
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agriculture College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (O.W.); (N.A.K.); (S.M.F.C.); (V.A.)
| | - Niel A. Karrow
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agriculture College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (O.W.); (N.A.K.); (S.M.F.C.); (V.A.)
| | - Samla Marques Freire Cunha
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agriculture College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (O.W.); (N.A.K.); (S.M.F.C.); (V.A.)
| | - Victoria Asselstine
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agriculture College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (O.W.); (N.A.K.); (S.M.F.C.); (V.A.)
| | - Bonnie A. Mallard
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Ángela Cánovas
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, Ontario Agriculture College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (O.W.); (N.A.K.); (S.M.F.C.); (V.A.)
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Wangboon C, Martviset P, Jamklang M, Chumkiew S, Penkhrue W, Rangdist S, Jirojwong R, Phadungsil W, Chantree P, Grams R, Krenc D, Piyatadsananon P, Geadkaew-Krenc A. Microscopic and molecular epidemiology of gastrointestinal nematodes in dairy and beef cattle in Pak Chong district, Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand. Vet World 2024; 17:1035-1043. [PMID: 38911081 PMCID: PMC11188888 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.1035-1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Gastrointestinal (GI) nematode infection remains an important problem in livestock, particularly cattle. The infection may lead to serious health complications and affect animal products. The objective of this study was to investigate GI nematode infection and its associated risk factors in dairy and beef cattle farmed in Pak Chong District of Nakhon Ratchasima Province, northeast Thailand. Materials and Methods Fecal specimens were collected from 101 dairy cattle and 100 beef cattle. Formalin-ethyl acetate concentration techniques were used to process the samples and the samples were observed under a light microscope. Samples were subjected to molecular identification of specific genera using conventional polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing. Results The overall prevalence of GI nematode infection was 33.3%. The strongyle nematode was the most significant GI nematode in this area with a prevalence of 28.4%. The prevalence of strongyle nematodes was 58.0% in beef cattle and only 7.9% in dairy cattle. Trichuris spp. was another nematode found in both types of cattle with an overall prevalence of 5.0% with 9.0% in beef cattle and 1.0% in dairy cattle. The results of the epidemiological study indicate that the age of cattle, food, water sources, farming system, and housing floor are the most important risk factors. Among the strongyle nematodes, Ostertagia spp. was the most prevalent (82.0%), followed by Haemonchus spp. (62.3%) and Trichostrongylus spp. (8.2%), respectively. Conclusion Infection with GI nematodes still exists in this area, particularly in beef cattle. Our reported data may benefit local parasitic control policies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chompunoot Wangboon
- School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Pongsakorn Martviset
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Mantana Jamklang
- School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Sirilak Chumkiew
- School of Biology, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Watsana Penkhrue
- School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Sainamthip Rangdist
- School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Ruttiroj Jirojwong
- Department of Livestock Development, Bureau of Veterinary Biologics, Pak Chong, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30130, Thailand
| | - Wansika Phadungsil
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pathanin Chantree
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Rudi Grams
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Dawid Krenc
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pantip Piyatadsananon
- School of Geoinformatics, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Amornrat Geadkaew-Krenc
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
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Jung H, Zarlenga D, Martin JC, Geldhof P, Hallsworth-Pepin K, Mitreva M. The identification of small molecule inhibitors with anthelmintic activities that target conserved proteins among ruminant gastrointestinal nematodes. mBio 2024; 15:e0009524. [PMID: 38358246 PMCID: PMC10936192 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00095-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections are a major concern for the ruminant industry worldwide and result in significant production losses. Naturally occurring polyparasitism and increasing drug resistance that potentiate disease outcomes are observed among the most prevalent GINs of veterinary importance. Within the five major taxonomic clades, clade Va represents a group of GINs that predominantly affect the abomasum or small intestine of ruminants. However, the development of effective broad-spectrum anthelmintics against ruminant clade Va GINs has been challenged by a lack of comprehensive druggable genome resources. Here, we first assembled draft genomes for three clade Va species (Cooperia oncophora, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, and Ostertagia ostertagi) and compared them with closely related ruminant GINs. Genome-wide phylogenetic reconstruction showed a relationship among ruminant GINs structured by taxonomic classification. Orthogroup (OG) inference and functional enrichment analyses identified 220 clade Va-specific and Va-conserved OGs, enriched for functions related to cell cycle and cellular senescence. Further transcriptomic analysis identified 61 taxonomically and functionally conserved clade Va OGs that may function as drug targets for new broad-spectrum anthelmintics. Chemogenomic screening identified 11 compounds targeting homologs of these OGs, thus having potential anthelmintic activity. In in vitro phenotypic assays, three kinase inhibitors (digitoxigenin, K-252a, and staurosporine) exhibited broad-spectrum anthelmintic activities against clade Va GINs by obstructing the motility of exsheathed L3 (xL3) or molting of xL3 to L4. These results demonstrate valuable applications of the new ruminant GIN genomes in gaining better insights into their life cycles and offer a contemporary approach to discovering the next generation of anthelmintics.IMPORTANCEGastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections in ruminants are caused by parasites that inhibit normal function in the digestive tract of cattle, sheep, and goats, thereby causing morbidity and mortality. Coinfection and increasing drug resistance to current therapeutic agents will continue to worsen disease outcomes and impose significant production losses on domestic livestock producers worldwide. In combination with ongoing therapeutic efforts, advancing the discovery of new drugs with novel modes of action is critical for better controlling GIN infections. The significance of this study is in assembling and characterizing new GIN genomes of Cooperia oncophora, Ostertagia ostertagi, and Trichostrongylus colubriformis for facilitating a multi-omics approach to identify novel, biologically conserved drug targets for five major GINs of veterinary importance. With this information, we were then able to demonstrate the potential of commercially available compounds as new anthelmintics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeim Jung
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Dante Zarlenga
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - John C. Martin
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Peter Geldhof
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ghent, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Makedonka Mitreva
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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ElHamdi S, Sassi L, Rekik M, Dhehibi M, Cheikh M'hamed H, Gharbi M. Conservation agriculture has no significant impact on sheep digestive parasitism. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1244355. [PMID: 37808117 PMCID: PMC10551164 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1244355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Conservation agriculture (CONS A) is a sustainable agriculture system based on crop rotation with no tillage. It has various environmental advantages compared to conventional agriculture (CONV A): decreased water evaporation, erosion, and CO2 emissions. In this first study of its kind, we aim to evaluate the impact of this type of agriculture on sheep gastrointestinal parasites. Two lamb groups aged between 5 and 10 months were randomly included to graze separately on CONS A and CONV A pastures. Each group was composed of two batches of three lambs, and these were followed up for two rearing months. Liveweight, hematological parameter variation, and digestive parasites were studied. At the end of the study period, lambs were slaughtered the carcass yield was determined, and a helminthological autopsy was performed on the digestive tracts of the animals to estimate different parasitological indicators. There was no difference between lambs reared on CONS A and those reared on CONV A for all parasite indicators (infestation intensity, abundance, and prevalence). The same trend was also obtained for hematological parameters, liveweight evolution, and carcass yield. These results prove that there is no impact of CONS A on the sheep's digestive parasitism. Further studies are needed to support these findings on larger animal samples and to investigate the impact of conservation agriculture on other parasite species. Similar studies could also be conducted on ruminant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihem ElHamdi
- Ruminant Internal Medicine Service, Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, Université de la Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Limam Sassi
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, Université de la Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Mourad Rekik
- International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Amman, Jordan
| | - Mokhtar Dhehibi
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, Université de la Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | | | - Mohamed Gharbi
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Institution de la Recherche et de l'Enseignement Supérieur Agricoles, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire de Sidi Thabet, Université de la Manouba, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
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Stefanova EP, Quesada-Canales Ó, Paz-Sánchez Y, Caballero MJ, Quintana-Montesdeoca MDP, Espinosa de Los Monteros A, Rivero MA, Castro A, Pérez V, Andrada M. Morphological Assessment of Concomitant Lesions Detected in Goat Herds Naturally Infected with Paratuberculosis (Johne's Disease). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101693. [PMID: 37238123 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Paratuberculosis (PTB), caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), causes significant financial losses in the ruminant industry. The aim of this study is to describe the concomitant pathological findings as well as PTB-induced lesions in 39 naturally infected goats (15 vaccinated and 24 non-vaccinated). All animals exhibited MAP-induced microscopic lesions affecting target organs, although only 62% of those were detected grossly. Mainly concomitant inflammatory pathologies were recognized affecting the hemolymphatic, respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. Non-vaccinated animals exhibited both moderate and marked granulomatous enteritis in contrast with vaccinated ones which presented mild intestinal affection. Our results demonstrate that non-vaccinated animals presented pneumonia in all age groups studied (from 12 up to >48 months old). A significantly higher prevalence of ileocecal valve PTB lesions was detected in non-vaccinated animals with pneumonic lesions (p = 0.027). Furthermore, a reduction of gastrointestinal non-PTB processes was described in vaccinated goats. In conclusion, a PTB infected goat herd can be affected by a wide range of concomitant pathologies, mostly inflammatory in origin. Anatomic pathology is of crucial importance for correct herd diagnosis and histopathology is an indispensable tool for lesion detection. Additionally, anti-MAP vaccination could have a beneficial effect on the reduction of respiratory and gastrointestinal non-PTB diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Plamenova Stefanova
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
- Departament of Morphology, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Óscar Quesada-Canales
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
- Departament of Morphology, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Yania Paz-Sánchez
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
- Departament of Morphology, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - María José Caballero
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
- Departament of Morphology, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Espinosa de Los Monteros
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
- Departament of Morphology, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Miguel Antonio Rivero
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
- Departament of Morphology, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Ayoze Castro
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
- Departament of Morphology, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Valentín Pérez
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Vegazana, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-ULE), 24346 Grulleros, Spain
| | - Marisa Andrada
- Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
- Departament of Morphology, Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
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García-Hernández C, Rojo-Rubio R, Gives PMD, González-Cortazar M, Zamilpa A, Mondragón-Ancelmo J, Villa-Mancera A, Olivares-Pérez J, Tapia-Maruri D, Olmedo-Juárez A. In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic properties of Caesalpinia coriaria fruits against Haemonchus contortus. Exp Parasitol 2022; 242:108401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Olmedo-Juárez A, Jimenez-Chino AL, Bugarin A, Zamilpa A, Gives PMD, Villa-Mancera A, López-Arellano ME, Olivares-Pérez J, Delgado-Núñez EJ, González-Cortazar M. Phenolic Acids and Flavonoids from Pithecellobium dulce (Robx.) Benth Leaves Exhibit Ovicidal Activity against Haemonchus contortus. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11192555. [PMID: 36235423 PMCID: PMC9573131 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Pithecellobium dulce (Robx.) Benth is an arboreal legume used in traditional medicine for the treatment of several ailments, including a number of intestinal disorders, and as a natural deworming. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ovicidal activity of a hydroalcoholic extract (HA-E) and its fractions (aqueous, Aq-F and organic, EtOAc-F) from P. dulce leaves, as well as subfractions (C1F1–C17) obtained from EtOAc-F against Haemonchus contortus eggs. The HA-E, Aq-F, and EtOAc-F were assessed at 0.03–5.00 mg/mL and subfractions (C1F1–C17) were assessed at 0.06–1.00 mg/mL. The HA-E and Aq-F showed an ovicidal activity close to 100% at 2.5 mg/mL, and EtOAc-F displayed the highest anthelmintic effect (100% at 0.25 mg/mL). Meanwhile, the sub-fractions with the highest ovicidal effect were C1F6, C1F9, C1F10, C1F11, and CIF13. The main compounds identified in the most active fractions (C1F9, C1F11, and C1F13) were kaempferol (1), quercetin (2), coumaric acid (3), ferulic acid (4), luteolin 7-O-rhamnoside (5), quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside (6), and a caffeoyl derivate (NI). The results indicate that P. dulce leaves exhibit a potent anthelmintic activity and contain bioactive compounds able to inhibit egg hatching in H. contortus. Therefore, this plant could be used for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Olmedo-Juárez
- National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock, INIFAP, Carr. Fed. Cuernavaca-Cuautla No. 8534, Jiutepec CP 62550, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Ana Laura Jimenez-Chino
- Biotechnology Engineering, Polytechnic University of the State of Morelos, Boulevard Cuauhnáhuac #566, Col. Lomas del Texcal, Jiutepec CP 62550, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Bugarin
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (M.G.-C.)
| | - Alejandro Zamilpa
- South Biomedical Research Center, Social Security Mexican Institute (CIBIS-IMSS), Argentina No. 1, Xochitepec CP 62790, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Pedro Mendoza-de Gives
- National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock, INIFAP, Carr. Fed. Cuernavaca-Cuautla No. 8534, Jiutepec CP 62550, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Abel Villa-Mancera
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, 4 Sur 304 Col. Centro, Tecamachalco CP 75482, Puebla, Mexico
| | - María Eugenia López-Arellano
- National Centre for Disciplinary Research in Animal Health and Innocuity (CENID-SAI), National Institute for Research in Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock, INIFAP, Carr. Fed. Cuernavaca-Cuautla No. 8534, Jiutepec CP 62550, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jaime Olivares-Pérez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Altamirano, Km 3.0 Altamirano-Iguala Highway, Colonia Querendita, Altamirano CP 40660, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Edgar Jesús Delgado-Núñez
- Faculty of Agricultural, Livestock and Environmental Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Iguala CP 40040, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Manases González-Cortazar
- South Biomedical Research Center, Social Security Mexican Institute (CIBIS-IMSS), Argentina No. 1, Xochitepec CP 62790, Morelos, Mexico
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (M.G.-C.)
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In vitro ovicidal activity of Brongniartia montalvoana against small ruminant gastrointestinal nematodes. Exp Parasitol 2022; 240:108336. [PMID: 35850275 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several plants of the Fabaceae family have been assessed regarding their high nutritional value and anthelmintic properties. The ovicidal effect of the hydroalcoholic extract (Bm-HAE) and subfractions from the aerial parts of Brongniartia montalvoana (Fabaceae) against a mixed strain of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) (Haemonchus spp., Trichostrongylus spp. and Oesophagostomum spp.) resistant to albendazole sulfoxide, ivermectin and levamisole was evaluated by the egg hatch test (EHT). The Bm-HAE was subjected to liquid-liquid chemical separation with ethyl acetate giving two fractions, an aqueous (Bm-Aq) and an organic (Bm-EtOAct). The purification of the bioactive fraction (Bm-EtOAct) through chromatographic separation resulted in four bioactive subfractions (BmR6, BmR7, BmR8 and BmR10). The treatments were designed as follows: Bm-HAE at 800, 1,500, 3,000 and 6,000 μg/mL, and Bm-Aq, Bm-EtOAct and subfractions (BmR6, BmR7, BmR8 and BmR10) at 100, 200, 400 and 800 μg/mL. Two properly negative controls (distilled water and 2% methanol) and thiabendazole (100 μg/mL) as a positive control were used for each bioassay. The chemical identification of the extract, fractions and subfractions was performed through chromatographic processes like open column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-PDA). Additionally, the GIN eggs exposed to the bioactive compounds were observed through confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The Bm-HAE showed 99.5% egg hatching inhibition (EHI) at 6,000 μg/mL with a lethal concentration (LC50) of 1110 μg/mL. The Bm-EtOAc fraction displayed 99.1% EHI at 800 μg/mL with LC50 = 180 μg/mL. The ovicidal activity of the four subfractions was similar at 800 μg/mL: BmR6 (92% EHI); BmR7 (100% EHI); BmR8 (97.8%); and BmR10 (99.1%). The HPLC-PDA analysis of the bioactive subfractions allowed identification of p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and coumarin derivatives as major compounds. The CLSM analysis allowed observation of morphological alterations in unhatched larvae caused by bioactive compounds present in the Bm-EtOAc and BmR10. In addition, the flavonoids eriodyctiol, luteolin and cynaroside were described for the first time for B. montalvoana.
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Li S, Wang D, Gong J, Zhang Y. Individual and Combined Application of Nematophagous Fungi as Biological Control Agents against Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Domestic Animals. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11020172. [PMID: 35215117 PMCID: PMC8879429 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11020172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) are a group of parasites that threaten livestock yields, and the consequent economic losses have led to major concern in the agricultural industry worldwide. The high frequency of anthelmintic resistance amongst GINs has prompted the search for sustainable alternatives. Recently, a substantial number of both in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that biological controls based on predatory fungi and ovicidal fungi are the most promising alternatives to chemical controls. In this respect, the morphological characteristics of the most representative species of these two large groups of fungi, their nematicidal activity and mechanisms of action against GINs, have been increasingly studied. Given the limitation of the independent use of a single nematophagous fungus (NF), combined applications which combine multiple fungi, or fungi and chemical controls, have become increasingly popular, although these new strategies still have antagonistic effects on the candidates. In this review, we summarize both the advantages and disadvantages of the individual fungi and the combined applications identified to date to minimize recurring infections or to disrupt the life cycle of GINs. The need to discover novel and high-efficiency nematicidal isolates and the application of our understanding to the appropriate selection of associated applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoshuo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China; (S.L.); (D.W.); (J.G.)
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Da Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China; (S.L.); (D.W.); (J.G.)
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Jianchuan Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China; (S.L.); (D.W.); (J.G.)
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China; (S.L.); (D.W.); (J.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Ali R, Ahmad N, Mussarat S, Majid A, Alnomasy SF, Khan SN. Nanoparticles as Alternatives for the Control of Haemonchus contortus: A Systematic Approach to Unveil New Anti-haemonchiasis Agents. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:789977. [PMID: 34966814 PMCID: PMC8710572 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.789977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemonchus contortus is an infectious gastrointestinal nematode parasite of small ruminants. This study addresses the in vitro/in vivo anti-haemonchiasis potential, toxicological effects, and mechanism of action of nanoparticles. Online databases were used to search and retrieve the published literature (2000 to 2021). A total of 18 articles were selected and reviewed, out of which, 13 (72.2%) studies reported in vitro, 9 (50.0%) in vivo, and 4 (22.2%) both in vitro/in vivo efficacy of different nanoparticles. Mostly, organic nanoparticles (77.7%) were used including polymeric (85.7%) and lipid nanoparticles (14.3%). The highest efficacy, in vitro, of 100% resulted from using encapsulated bromelain against eggs, larvae, and adult worm mortality at 4, 2, and 1 mg/ml, respectively. While in vivo, encapsulated Eucalyptus staigeriana oil reduced worm burden by 83.75% and encapsulated Cymbopogon citratus nano-emulsion by 83.1%. Encapsulated bromelain, encapsulated Eucalyptus staigeriana oil, and encapsulated Cymbopogon citratus nano-emulsion were safe and non-toxic in vivo. Encapsulated bromelain damaged the cuticle, caused paralysis, and death. Nanoparticles could be a potential source for developing novel anthelmintic drugs to overcome the emerging issue of anthelmintic resistance in H. contortus. Studies on molecular effects, toxicological consequences, and different pharmacological targets of nanoparticles are required in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehman Ali
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Nisar Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Sakina Mussarat
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Majid
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Sultan F Alnomasy
- Department of Medical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Al-Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Niaz Khan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
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Goel V, Kaur P, Singla LD, Choudhury D. Biomedical Evaluation of Lansium parasiticum Extract-Protected Silver Nanoparticles Against Haemonchus contortus, a Parasitic Worm. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:595646. [PMID: 33392256 PMCID: PMC7773940 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.595646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we show the novel anti-helminthic potential of Lansium parasiticum aqueous extract-protected silver nanoparticles (LAgNPs) against albendazole-resistant gastrointestinal parasite Haemonchus contortus. LAgNPs showed LD50 values of 65.6 ± 32.8 nM (12 h), 139.6 ± 39.9 nM (12 h), and 64.3 ± 8.5 nM (24 h) against adult male, female, and L3 larvae, respectively. LAgNPs was also quite effective in inhibiting egg hatching, with an IC50 value of 144.4 ± 3.1 nM at 48 h of exposure. Exposure to LAgNPs generated oxidative stress and mediated physical damage in the worms' tissue. A sharp increase in reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide synthase levels was prominent due to LAgNPs' exposure. In response to oxidative stress, a sharp increase of stress-responsive enzymes' activity, like catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activity, along with the concentration of glutathione, was observed in worm tissue, which indicated a LAgNP-responsive alteration of metabolism. The results give rise to the opportunity for the development of alternative treatment for drug-resistant parasitic worms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanshita Goel
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India
| | - Pawandeep Kaur
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India
| | - Lachhman Das Singla
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Diptiman Choudhury
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India.,Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology-Virginia Tech (USA) Center for Excellence in Material Sciences, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India
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Dey AR, Zhang Z, Begum N, Alim MA, Hu M, Alam MZ. Genetic diversity patterns of Haemonchus contortus isolated from sheep and goats in Bangladesh. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 68:177-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ahmad AA, Yang X, Zhang T, Wang C, Zhou C, Yan X, Hassan M, Ikram M, Hu M. Characterization of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Ostertagia trifurcata of Small Ruminants and its Phylogenetic Associations for the Trichostrongyloidea Superfamily. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10020107. [PMID: 30709051 PMCID: PMC6410049 DOI: 10.3390/genes10020107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of Ostertagia trifurcata, a parasitic nematode of small ruminants, has been sequenced and its phylogenetic relationship with selected members from the superfamily Trichostrongyloidea was investigated on the basis of deduced datasets of mt amino acid sequences. The entire mt genome of Ostertagia trifurcata is circular and 14,151 bp in length. It consists of a total of 36 genes comprising 12 genes coding for proteins (PCGs), 2 genes for ribosomal RNA (rRNA), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes and 2 non-coding regions, since all genes are transcribed in the same direction. The phylogenetic analysis based on the concatenated datasets of predicted amino acid sequences of the 12 protein coding genes supported monophylies of the Haemonchidae, Dictyocaulidae and Molineidae families, but rejected monophylies of the Trichostrongylidae family. The complete characterization and provision of the mtDNA sequence of Ostertagia trifurcata provides novel genetic markers for molecular epidemiological investigations, systematics, diagnostics and population genetics of Ostertagia trifurcata and its correspondents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awais Ali Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory for the Development of Veterinary Products, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory for the Development of Veterinary Products, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory for the Development of Veterinary Products, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Chunqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory for the Development of Veterinary Products, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Caixian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory for the Development of Veterinary Products, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xingrun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory for the Development of Veterinary Products, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Mubashar Hassan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory for the Development of Veterinary Products, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- Statistical Genomics Lab, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory for the Development of Veterinary Products, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Molento MB, Araújo FBD, Buzatti A, Santos CDP. In vitro efficacy of Duddingtonia flagrans against nematodes of sheep based on in vivo calculations. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2018; 27:87-90. [PMID: 29069157 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612017050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Duddingtonia flagrans has been tested as an alternative parasite control, but data from in vitro experiments based on in vivo calculations describing nematophagous fungi predation in nematodes are restricted. The objective of this work was to determine the efficacy of D. flagrans against sheep nematode larvae in vitro using in vivo calculations. Fecal samples were introduced to fungi in different concentrations: 0.0/control; 0.05; 0.1; 0.2; 0.4; 0.8; 1.6; 3.2; and 6.4 g corresponding, respectively, to 583.000; 1.166.000; 2.332.000; 4.664.000; 9.328.000; 18.656.000; 37.312.000 and 74.624.000 chlamydospores/kg of body weight. The material was incubated for 14 days, before the larvae recovery (Assay 1). Assay 2 was carried out with the doses of 0.00625; 0.0125; and 0.025 g. The results showed a negative correlation between fungal concentrations and larval numbers for both assays. The fungus demonstrated an efficacy above 89% in both assays. Thus, we consider that the data from in vitro studies based on in vivo calculations may optimize the fungi quantities for field experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Beltrão Molento
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | | | - Andréia Buzatti
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Clóvis de Paula Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia - CBB, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense - UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
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