1
|
Mehta P, Tawfeeq S, Padte S, Sunasra R, Desai H, Surani S, Kashyap R. Plant-based diet and its effect on coronary artery disease: A narrative review. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:4752-4762. [PMID: 37583985 PMCID: PMC10424050 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i20.4752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD), a primary component of cardiovascular diseases, is one of the top contributors to mortality rates worldwide. In 2021, dietary risk was estimated to be attributed to 6.58 million cardiovascular deaths. Plant-based diets (PBDs), which encourage higher consumption of plant foods and lower intake of animal-based foods, have been shown to reduce the risk of CAD by up to 29% when compared to non-vegetarian diets in a meta-analysis. This article aims to summarize the array of PBDs and compare them with conventional Western diets that include meat. We review the various proposed mechanisms for how the bioactive nutrients of PBDs aid in preventing atherosclerosis and CAD events, as well as other cardiac diseases. We conducted a detailed search of PubMed using our exclusive search strategy using the keywords plant-based diet, vegan diet, phytosterols, CAD, myocardial ischemia, and atherosclerosis. A total of 162 pertinent articles published within the past decade were identified for qualitative synthesis. To ensure the accuracy and reliability of our review, we included a total of 55 full-text, peer-reviewed articles that demonstrated the effects of plant-based diets on CAD and were written in English. We excluded animal studies, in vitro or molecular studies, and non-original data like editorials, letters, protocols, and conference abstracts. In this article, we emphasize the importance of dietary interventions, such as PBDs, to prevent CAD and their benefits on environmental sustainability. Integrating plant foods and whole grains into one's daily eating habits leads to an increase in the intake of nutrient-rich foods while reducing the consumption of processed food could not only prevent millions of premature deaths but also provide prevention against many chronic gastrointestinal and metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyal Mehta
- Department of General Medicine, MWD Hospital, Mumbai 400097, India
- Department of Research, Global Remote Research Scholars Program, St. Paul, MN 55104, United States
| | - Sawsan Tawfeeq
- Department of Research, Global Remote Research Scholars Program, St. Paul, MN 55104, United States
| | - Smitesh Padte
- Department of General Medicine, MWD Hospital, Mumbai 400097, India
- Department of Research, Global Remote Research Scholars Program, St. Paul, MN 55104, United States
| | - Rayyan Sunasra
- Hinduhridaysamrat Balasaheb Thackeray Medical College and Dr. R. N Cooper Hospital, Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Heet Desai
- Department of Internal Medicine, CIBNP, Fairfield, CA 94534, United States
| | - Salim Surani
- Department of Research, Global Remote Research Scholars Program, St. Paul, MN 55104, United States
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care & Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Rahul Kashyap
- Department of Research, Global Remote Research Scholars Program, St. Paul, MN 55104, United States
- Department of Research, WellSpan Health, York, PA 17403, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Scarfò G, Piccarducci R, Daniele S, Franzoni F, Martini C. Exploring the Role of Lipid-Binding Proteins and Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Focus on the Neuroprotective Effects of Nutraceutical Supplementation and Physical Exercise. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2116. [PMID: 36358488 PMCID: PMC9686611 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The human brain is primarily composed of lipids, and their homeostasis is crucial to carry on normal neuronal functions. In order to provide an adequate amount of lipid transport in and out of the central nervous system, organisms need a set of proteins able to bind them. Therefore, alterations in the structure or function of lipid-binding proteins negatively affect brain homeostasis, as well as increase inflammation and oxidative stress with the consequent risk of neurodegeneration. In this regard, lifestyle changes seem to be protective against neurodegenerative processes. Nutraceutical supplementation with antioxidant molecules has proven to be useful in proving cognitive functions. Additionally, regular physical activity seems to protect neuronal vitality and increases antioxidant defenses. The aim of the present review was to investigate mechanisms that link lipid-binding protein dysfunction and oxidative stress to cognitive decline, also underlining the neuroprotective effects of diet and exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Scarfò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of General Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Center for Rehabilitative Medicine “Sport and Anatomy”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Simona Daniele
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Franzoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of General Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Center for Rehabilitative Medicine “Sport and Anatomy”, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Martini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dong H, Wang J, Hu P, Lu N. Association of Apolipoprotein A1, High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, and Their Ratio with Inflammatory Marker in Chinese Adults with Coronary Artery Disease. Angiology 2022:33197221121002. [PMID: 36065748 DOI: 10.1177/00033197221121002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sparse data assessed the association of apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) with inflammation. We investigated this association in a hospital-based cross-sectional pilot study that included 7296 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). In multivariate analysis, negative associations of ApoA1 and HDL-C with C-reactive protein (CRP), high sensitivity CRP (hsCRP), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were shown. The corresponding CRP, hsCRP, and TNF-α values were 5.28 (vs 11.70 mg/L), 4.50 (vs 11.50 mg/L), and 7.68 (vs 10.90 pg/mL) for ApoA1, and 7.13 (vs 10.60 mg/L), 6.27 (vs 9.19 mg/L), and 8.11 (vs 11.86 pg/mL) for HDL-C in the fourth quartiles compared with the first quartiles. ApoA1/HDL-C ratio was inversely associated with hsCRP and interleukin-6 (IL-6). No significant associations of ApoA1 and HDL-C with IL-6 and IL-8, and of ApoA1/HDL-C ratio with CRP, IL-8, and TNF-α were observed. In path analyses, there was no evidence of mediating effects of body mass index on the "ApoA1 and HDL-C-inflammation" relationship. Generally, our study of CAD patients identified graded and inverse associations of ApoA1, HDL-C, and ApoA1/HDL-C ratio with inflammatory marker (CRP, hsCRP, IL-6, IL-8, or TNF-α) levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Dong
- Scientific Education Section and Department of Child Healthcare, Affiliated Maternal & Child Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Image Center, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Image Center, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hamedi-Kalajahi F, Zarezadeh M, Dehghani A, Musazadeh V, Kolahi A, Shabbidar S, Djafarian K. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the impact of oral vitamin E supplementation on apolipoproteins A1 and B100. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 46:106-114. [PMID: 34857183 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of mortality worldwide. Apolipoprotein B (ApoB), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), and ApoB/ApoA1 ratio are considered as predictors of CVD alongside with lipid profile. Evidence suggest that nutrients with antioxidant properties, especially vitamin E, are essential for a healthy cardiovascular system. The aim of present meta-analysis was to determine the effect alpha-tocopherol on ApoA1 and ApoB levels. METHODS PubMed-Medline and SCOPUS databases and Google Scholar were searched up to July 2021. Random-effects model was employed to perform meta-analysis. In order to find heterogeneity sources, subgroup analysis was performed. Trim and fill analysis was performed in case of presence of publication bias. Quality assessment was performed using Cochrane Collaboration's tool. RESULTS Seven eligible studies, involving 1284 individuals were included. Mean age of participants ranged between 25.4 and 59 years. There was no significant effect of vitamin E supplementation on Apo A1 (SMD = 0.22 IU/d; 95% CI: -0.38, 0.28; P = 0.481) and Apo B levels (SMD = -0.62 IU/d; 95% CI: -1.94, 0.70; P = 0.360). CONCLUSION No remarkable effect of vitamin E supplementation was observed on ApoA1 and ApoB levels in adults. Additional studies investigating the influence of vitamin E on apolipoproteins as primary outcome with larger sample size are suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Hamedi-Kalajahi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Zarezadeh
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Azadeh Dehghani
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vali Musazadeh
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Kolahi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shabbidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kourosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dai D, Zhang HJ, Qiu K, Qi GH, Wang J, Wu SG. Supplemental L-Arginine Improves the Embryonic Intestine Development and Microbial Succession in a Chick Embryo Model. Front Nutr 2021; 8:692305. [PMID: 34692742 PMCID: PMC8526724 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.692305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early colonization of intestinal microbiota plays an important role in intestinal development. However, the microbial succession at an embryonic stage and its assembly patterns induced by prenatal nutrition are unknown. In the present study, we used a chick embryo model to investigate the effects of in ovo feeding (IOF) of L-arginine (Arg) on the intestinal development and microbial succession of embryos. A total of 216 fertile eggs were randomly distributed into 2 groups including the non-injected control group and IOF of Arg group with 7 mg/egg. The results showed that IOF Arg increased the intestinal index, absolute weight of jejunum, and improved jejunal morphology in terms of villus width and surface area (p < 0.05). The relative mRNA expressions of mTOR and 4E-BP1 were up-regulated and accompanied by higher contents of Mucin-2 in the Arg group (p < 0.05). There was a significant elevation in contents of serum glucose and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, whereas there was a decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the Arg group (p < 0.05). Additionally, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were major intestinal bacteria species at the embryonic stage. However, Arg supplementation targeted to shape assembly patterns of microbial succession and then changed microbial composition (p = 0.05). Meanwhile, several short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria, such as Roseburia, Blautia, and Ruminococcus were identified as biomarkers in the Arg group (LDA > 3, p < 0.05). Accordingly, significant elevated concentrations of SCFAs, including lactic acid and formic acid, were observed in the Arg group (p < 0.05), accompanied by the higher concentration of butyric acid (0.05 < p < 0.10). In conclusion, prenatal Arg supplementation improved embryonic intestine development by regulating glucose and lipid homeostasis to supply more energy for chick embryos. The possible mechanism could be the roles of Arg in shaping the microbial assembly pattern and succession of the embryonic intestine, particularly the enrichment of potential probiotics. These findings may contribute to exploring nutritional strategies to establish health-promoting microbiota by manipulating prenatal host-microbe interactions for the healthy development of neonates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Dai
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Qiu
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Hai Qi
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Geng Wu
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Feed Hazards (Beijing) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Han HL, Zhang JF, Yan EF, Shen MM, Wu JM, Gan ZD, Wei CH, Zhang LL, Wang T. Effects of taurine on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and lipid metabolism in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5707-5717. [PMID: 33142488 PMCID: PMC7647726 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of dietary taurine supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant status, and lipid metabolism in broilers, 384 male broilers (Arbor Acres, 1 D of age) were randomly allocated into 4 groups with 8 replicates of 8 birds. Dietary treatments were supplemented with taurine at the level of 0.00, 2.50, 5.00, and 7.50 g/kg of the diet (denoted as CON, TAU1, TAU2, TAU3, respectively). The BW gain from 1 to 21 D and from 22 to 42 D were all increased linearly (linear, P < 0.001) by taurine supplementation. Throughout the trial period, the highest BW gain and favorable gain-to-feed ratio were observed in the TAU2 group. Taurine supplementation increased the antioxidant enzyme activities and decreased (linear, P < 0.001) the content of malondialdehyde in both serum and the liver of broilers and alleviated oxidative damage through enhancing (P < 0.05) the hepatic genes expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Correspondingly, in serum, the activities of hepatic lipase and total lipase were decreased linearly and quadratically (linear and quadratic, P < 0.001) with the increasing inclusion of taurine in the diet. Meanwhile, in serum, the content of triglycerides was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and except for TAU3, the total cholesterol content was also significantly decreased (P < 0.05) by taurine supplementation. In addition, the hepatic content of triglycerides was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the TAU1 and TAU2 groups. Compared with the CON group, the hepatic genes expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKα), silent 1, (SIRT1) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1) were all increased (P < 0.05), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) expression was decreased (P < 0.05) in the TAU2 group. These results indicated that taurine supplementation improved the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and lipid metabolism of broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H L Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - J F Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - E F Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - M M Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - J M Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Z D Gan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - C H Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - L L Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - T Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Afifah DN, Nabilah N, Supraba GT, Pratiwi SN, Nuryanto, Sulchan M. The Effects of Tempeh Gembus, an Indonesian Fermented Food, on Lipid Profiles in Women with Hyperlipidemia. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401314666180807112549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Hyperlipidemia is the major precursor of lipid-related diseases. Consumption
of high fiber foods may decrease lipid profiles. The fiber content in tempeh gembus is three times
higher than regular tempeh.
Objective:
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of tempeh gembus on lipid profiles in
women with hyperlipidemia.
Methods:
This research used the quasi-experimental design with nonequivalent control group design.
Subjects were 41 women with hyperlipidemia, classified into 3 groups: control group, treatment group
1 given 103 g/day tempeh gembus, and treatment group 2 given 206 g/day tempeh gembus for 14 days.
All of the groups received nutrition education. Total cholesterol and HDL-C were determined by
CHOD-PAP method, triglyceride determined by enzymatic GPO-PAP method after subjects had been
fasting for approximately 10 hours. LDL-C was calculated by Friedewald equation.
Results:
These results showed that consumption of tempeh gembus 103 g/day and 206 g/day decreased
LDL-C 27.9% and 30.9% as well as decreased total cholesterol 17.7% and 19.8% respectively. However,
HDL-C increased 3.91% and 8.79% and triglyceride increased 2.3% and 3.1%. Tempeh gembus
given 206 g/day was more effective to decrease total cholesterol and LDL-C than 103 g/day.
Conclusion:
Increasing tempeh gembus consumption in women with hyperlipidemia should be addressed
to decrease LDL-C and total cholesterol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Nur Afifah
- Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Nida Nabilah
- Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Galuh Tamarasani Supraba
- Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Syafira Noor Pratiwi
- Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Nuryanto
- Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Sulchan
- Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang SH, Wang WW, Zhang HJ, Wang J, Chen Y, Wu SG, Qi GH. Conjugated linoleic acid regulates lipid metabolism through the expression of selected hepatic genes in laying hens. Poult Sci 2019; 98:4632-4639. [PMID: 30951597 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on lipid metabolism in laying hens was investigated. A total of 360 eighteen-wk-old Hy-Line Brown layers were randomly divided into 4 groups that consisted of 6 replicates with 15 birds each. Birds were fed basal diets with 0, 1%, 2%, and 4% CLA addition. The experiment lasted for 56 D after a 7-D adaptation period. Results showed that dietary CLA addition linearly reduced (P < 0.05) abdominal fat percentage but linearly increased (P < 0.05) relative liver weight of layers on day 56. A linear reduction (P < 0.05) in serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level and a linear elevation (P < 0.05) in the ratio of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level to LDL-C level of layers on both days 28 and 56 were observed with dietary CLA addition, which also linearly decreased (P < 0.05) cholesterol content in the liver of layers on day 56 as well as in eggs on both days 28 and 56. Besides, there were linear reductions (P < 0.05) in the gene expression and contents of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) and cholesterol 7 alpha hydroxylase 1 (CYP7A1), along with a linear increase (P < 0.05) in the gene expression and content of hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) in layers responded to dietary CLA addition. In conclusion, dietary CLA supplementation decreased the accumulation of lipids including abdominal fat and cholesterol in the liver and egg of laying hens, probably by upregulating hepatic LDLR expression and downregulating hepatic HMGR and CYP7A1 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Beijing Stockbreeding Station, Beijing 100026, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Geng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Hai Qi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Marques LR, Diniz TA, Antunes BM, Rossi FE, Caperuto EC, Lira FS, Gonçalves DC. Reverse Cholesterol Transport: Molecular Mechanisms and the Non-medical Approach to Enhance HDL Cholesterol. Front Physiol 2018; 9:526. [PMID: 29867567 PMCID: PMC5962737 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia (high concentrations of LDL-c and low concentrations of HDL-c) is a major cause of cardiovascular events, which are the leading cause of death in the world. On the other hand, nutrition and regular exercise can be an interesting strategy to modulate lipid profile, acting as prevention or treatment, inhibiting the risk of diseases due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic characteristics. Additionally, the possibility of controlling different training variables, such as type, intensity and recovery interval, can be used to maximize the benefits of exercise in promoting cardiovascular health. However, the mechanisms by which exercise and nutrients act in the regulation of cholesterol and its fractions, such as reverse cholesterol transport, receptors and transcription factors involved, such as PPARs and their role related to exercise, deserve further discussion. Therefore, the objective of this review is to debate about non-medical approaches to increase HDL-c, such as nutritional and training strategies, and to discuss the central mechanisms involved in the modulation of lipid profile during exercise, as well as that can be controlled by physical trainers or sports specialists in attempt to maximize the benefits promoted by exercise. The search for papers was performed in the databases: Medline (Pubmed), Science Direct, Scopus, Sport Discus, Web of Science, Scielo and Lilacs until February 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro R Marques
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Tiego A Diniz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Barbara M Antunes
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Fabrício E Rossi
- Immunometabolism of Skeletal Muscle and Exercise Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Erico C Caperuto
- Human Movement Laboratory, Universidade São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio S Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Daniela C Gonçalves
- Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Song Y, Zhu J, Wang T, Zhang C, Yang F, Guo X, Liu P, Cao H, Hu G. Effect of Ultra-fine Traditional Chinese Medicine Compounds on Regulation of Lipid Metabolism and Reduction in Egg Cholesterol of Laying Hens. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Song
- Jiangxi Agricultural University, P. R. China
| | - J Zhu
- Jiangxi Agricultural University, P. R. China
| | - T Wang
- Jiangxi Agricultural University, P. R. China
| | - C Zhang
- Jiangxi Agricultural University, P. R. China
| | - F Yang
- Jiangxi Agricultural University, P. R. China
| | - X Guo
- Jiangxi Agricultural University, P. R. China
| | - P Liu
- Jiangxi Agricultural University, P. R. China
| | - H Cao
- Jiangxi Agricultural University, P. R. China
| | - G Hu
- Jiangxi Agricultural University, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Total Antioxidant Capacity from Dietary Supplement Decreases the Likelihood of Having Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101055. [PMID: 28937597 PMCID: PMC5691672 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to estimate antioxidant vitamin intake and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) from diet and dietary supplements and to examine their association with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korean adults. Out of 6308 adults 19~64 years old from the 2010~2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1847 adults were classified as dietary supplement users and the other 4461 adults were classified as non-users. Antioxidant intake and TAC from diet and dietary supplements were estimated using dietary intake data and linked with the antioxidant and TAC database for common Korean foods. The prevalence of MetS was lower in dietary supplement users (odds ratio (OR) = 0.82; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.68–0.98) than that in non-users. Among dietary supplement users, a lower prevalence of MetS was observed in the highest tertile for vitamin A (OR = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.53–0.99) and vitamin E (OR = 0.74; 95% CI, 0.55–0.99) intake than that in the lowest tertile among non-users. Subjects in the highest tertile of TAC among dietary supplement users showed a lower prevalence of MetS (OR = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.52–0.99) than non-users. The results imply that intake of vitamin A, vitamin E, and TAC from dietary supplements might have a protective effect on MetS among Korean adults.
Collapse
|
12
|
Governa P, Giachetti D, Biagi M, Manetti F, De Vico L. Hypothesis on Serenoa repens (Bartram) small extract inhibition of prostatic 5 α-reductase through an in silico approach on 5 β-reductase x-ray structure. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2698. [PMID: 27904805 PMCID: PMC5126621 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a common disease in men aged over 50 years old, with an incidence increasing to more than 80% over the age of 70, that is increasingly going to attract pharmaceutical interest. Within conventional therapies, such as α-adrenoreceptor antagonists and 5α-reductase inhibitor, there is a large requirement for treatments with less adverse events on, e.g., blood pressure and sexual function: phytotherapy may be the right way to fill this need. Serenoa repens standardized extract has been widely studied and its ability to reduce lower urinary tract symptoms related to benign prostatic hyperplasia is comprehensively described in literature. An innovative investigation on the mechanism of inhibition of 5α-reductase by Serenoa repens extract active principles is proposed in this work through computational methods, performing molecular docking simulations on the crystal structure of human liver 5β-reductase. The results confirm that both sterols and fatty acids can play a role in the inhibition of the enzyme, thus, suggesting a competitive mechanism of inhibition. This work proposes a further confirmation for the rational use of herbal products in the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia, and suggests computational methods as an innovative, low cost, and non-invasive process for the study of phytocomplex activity toward proteic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Governa
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniela Giachetti
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Marco Biagi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Fabrizio Manetti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Luca De Vico
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Some nutritional supplements may have modest beneficial effects on lipid levels, but the effects of most are negligible. DRUGS & THERAPY PERSPECTIVES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40267-015-0196-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|