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Farrell G, Chapple C, Kennedy E, Reily-Bell M, Sampath K, Gisselman AS, Cook C, Katare R, Tumilty S. Autonomic nervous system and endocrine system response to upper or lower cervical spine mobilization in males with persistent post-concussion symptoms: a proof-of-concept trial. J Man Manip Ther 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38904298 DOI: 10.1080/10669817.2024.2363018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The peripheral stress response, consisting of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and hypothalamic pituitary adrenal-axis (HPA-axis), functions to maintain homeostasis in response to stressors. Cervical spine manual therapy has been shown to differentially modulate the stress response in healthy populations. No study has investigated whether cervical spine mobilizations can differentially modulate the stress response in individuals with persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS), a population characterized by a dysfunctional stress response. METHODS A randomized, controlled, parallel design trial was performed to investigate whether upper or lower cervical spine mobilization can differentially modulate components of the stress response in individuals with PPCS. The outcomes were salivary cortisol (sCOR) concentration (primary) and the HRV metric, rMSSD, measured with a smartphone application (secondary). Nineteen males diagnosed with PPCS, aged 19-35, were included. Participants were randomly assigned into either intervention group, upper (n = 10) or lower (n = 9) cervical spine mobilization. Each outcome was collected at different time points, pre- and post-intervention. Statistical analyses were performed using the Friedman's Two-Way ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. RESULTS There was a statistically significant within-group reduction in sCOR concentration 30 minutes following lower cervical spine mobilizations and statistically significant within-group increase in rMSSD 30 minutes following upper cervical spine mobilizations. CONCLUSION The results of this trial provide preliminary evidence for cervical spine mobilizations to differentially modulate components of the stress response at specific time points. Understanding the mechanisms of the effect of cervical spine mobilizations on the stress response provides a novel rationale for selecting cervical spine mobilizations to rehabilitate individuals with PPCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Farrell
- Centre for Health, Activity, and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Cathy Chapple
- Centre for Health, Activity, and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ewan Kennedy
- Centre for Health, Activity, and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Matthew Reily-Bell
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kesava Sampath
- Centre for Health and Social Practice, Waikato Institute of Technology-Rotokauri Campus, Hamilton, Waikato, New Zealand
| | | | - Chad Cook
- Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rajesh Katare
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Steve Tumilty
- Centre for Health, Activity, and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Kliszczewicz B, Wilner G, Canino A, Chung P, Nickel A, Vaughan K, McLester C, Buresh R. Autonomic Rebound Following Maximal Exercise in Bodybuilders and Recreationally Active Participants. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:143. [PMID: 38921837 PMCID: PMC11207963 DOI: 10.3390/sports12060143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The off-season for natural bodybuilders (BB) is characterized by increased training loads and fluctuations in caloric intake, which may lead to insufficient recovery. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a pivotal role in recovery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate resting ANS activity and recovery following a maximal exercise bout in off-season BB and compare them to those of recreationally active individuals. Fifteen males participated; 7 recreationally active (RA) (24.6 ± 2.1 years, 81.1 ± 10.8 kg) and 8 BB (21.8 ± 2.9 years, 89.3 ± 13.0 kg). Each performed a graded exercise test. Heart rate variability (HRV) was measured at rest and during a 45 min recovery period. HRV was analyzed as: root mean square of successive differences (lnRMSSD), standard deviation of normal-to-normal sinus beats (lnSDNN), high frequency (lnHF), low frequency (lnLF), and the ratio of low frequency to high frequency (lnLF/lnHF). A one-way ANOVA showed no differences for any resting marker of HRV, HR, and HR recovery. A significant depression in all markers of HRV was observed in the BB group at the 15 min point, and no recovery was observed before 45 min when compared to RA. The results of this study demonstrated depressed HRV recovery following the graded exercise test in BB when compared to the RA group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Kliszczewicz
- Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA; (G.W.); (A.C.); (P.C.); (A.N.); (K.V.); (C.M.); (R.B.)
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Marôco JL, Arrais I, Silvestre T, Pinto M, Laranjo S, Magalhães J, Santa-Clara H, Fernhall B, Melo X. Post-acute exercise cardiovagal modulation in older male adults with and without type 2 diabetes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:1475-1486. [PMID: 38117338 PMCID: PMC11055715 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined heart rate variability (HRV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) disease- and age-related response at 10-and 60-min after an acute high-intensity interval (HIIE) and moderate continuous exercise (MICE) in older adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and healthy young adults. METHODS Twelve older male adults with (57-84 years) and without T2DM (57-76 years) and 12 healthy young male adults (20-40 years) completed an isocaloric acute bout of HIIE, MICE, and a non-exercise condition in a randomized order. Time and Wavelets-derived frequency domain indices of HRV and BRS were obtained in a supine position and offline over 2-min time-bins using Matlab. RESULTS HIIE but not MICE reduced natural logarithm root mean square of successive differences (Ln-RMSSD) (d = - 0.85; 95% CI - 1.15 to - 0.55 ms, p < 0.001), Ln-high-frequency power (d = - 1.60; 95% CI - 2.24 to - 0.97 ms2; p < 0.001), and BRS (d = - 6.32; 95% CI - 9.35 to - 3.29 ms/mmHg, p < 0.001) in adults without T2DM (averaged over young and older adults without T2DM), returning to baseline 60 min into recovery. These indices remained unchanged in older adults with T2DM after HIIE and MICE. Older adults with T2DM had lower resting Ln-RMSSD and BRS than aged-matched controls (Ln-RMSSD, d = - 0.71, 95% CI - 1.16 to - 0.262 ms, p = 0.001; BRS d = - 3.83 ms/mmHg), 95% CI - 6.90 to - 0.76, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Cardiovagal modulation following acute aerobic exercise is intensity-dependent only in adults without T2DM, and appears age-independent. These findings provide evidence of cardiac autonomic impairments in older adults with T2DM at rest and following aerobic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Luís Marôco
- Integrative Human Physiology Laboratory, Manning College of Nursing & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
- Ginásio Clube Português, Research & Development Department, GCP Lab, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana-Universidade de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Inês Arrais
- Ginásio Clube Português, Research & Development Department, GCP Lab, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana-Universidade de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Tiago Silvestre
- Ginásio Clube Português, Research & Development Department, GCP Lab, Lisbon, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde e do Desporto, Universidade Europeia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marco Pinto
- Ginásio Clube Português, Research & Development Department, GCP Lab, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Laranjo
- Department of Physiology, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center. NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Magalhães
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana-Universidade de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Helena Santa-Clara
- Ginásio Clube Português, Research & Development Department, GCP Lab, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana-Universidade de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Bo Fernhall
- Integrative Human Physiology Laboratory, Manning College of Nursing & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xavier Melo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana-Universidade de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal.
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Caparica, 2829-511, Almada, Portugal.
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Merrigan JJ, Stone JD, Kraemer WJ, Friend C, Lennon K, Vatne EA, Hagen JA. Analysis of Sleep, Nocturnal Physiology, and Physical Demands of NCAA Women's Ice Hockey Across a Championship Season. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:694-703. [PMID: 38513177 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Merrigan, JJ, Stone, JD, Kraemer, WJ, Friend, C, Lennon, K, Vatne, EA, and Hagen, JA. Analysis of sleep, nocturnal physiology, and physical demands of NCAA women's ice hockey across a championship season. J Strength Cond Res 38(4): 694-703, 2024-The aims of this study were to evaluate the (a) relationships between daily physical demands and nighttime sleep, heart rate (HR), and heart rate variability (HRV); (b) weekly changes in physical demands and sleep; and (c) differences among positions and between training and competition during a competitive season in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) women's ice hockey. Twenty-five NCAA Division I women's ice hockey athletes wore a sensor at night to monitor sleep quantity or quality (e.g., time asleep and sleep efficiency) and physiology (e.g., HR and HRV). During training and competitions (31 regular season and 7 postseason), athletes wore performance monitoring systems to assess workload demands (e.g., training impulse and TRIMP). As internal workload (TRIMP, Time >80% of HRmax, Average HR) during training or competition increased, nocturnal HRV decreased, HR increased, and Sleep Duration, Sleep Score, and Readiness Score decreased that night. Across the season, athletes experienced lower HRV, but exhibited longer sleep durations. Training Distance, Duration, Time >80% HRmax, Average HR, and TRIMP decreased, whereas competition Total Distance, Duration, and TRIMP increased across weeks throughout the season. There were differences across positions and season blocks when evaluating these data at the mesocycle level. Athletes slept longer before competition compared with training, but physiological data did not differ. Competitions had greater physiological demands than training. We speculate that the increased focus on sleep hygiene, as evidenced by the increase in sleep over the season, may have served as a recovery aid to combat physiological stress of accumulated demands of competitions that increased over time into postseason tournaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J Merrigan
- Human Performance Collaborative, Office of Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - William J Kraemer
- Human Performance Collaborative, Office of Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Athletics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Kevin Lennon
- Department of Athletics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Emaly A Vatne
- Human Performance Collaborative, Office of Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Athletics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Josh A Hagen
- Human Performance Collaborative, Office of Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Integrated Systems Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Salmio A, Rissanen APE, Kurkela JLO, Rottensteiner M, Seipäjärvi S, Juurakko J, Kujala UM, Laukkanen JA, Wikgren J. Cardiorespiratory fitness is linked with heart rate variability during stress in "at-risk" adults. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2024; 64:334-347. [PMID: 38213267 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.23.15373-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physiological mechanisms explaining why cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) predicts cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are incompletely understood. We examined if CRF modifies vagally mediated heart rate variability (HRV) during acute physical or psychosocial stress or night-time sleep in adults with cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS Seventy-eight adults (age 56 years [IQR 50-60], 74% female, body mass index 28 kg/m2 [IQR 25-31]) with frequent cardiovascular risk factors participated in this cross-sectional study. They went through physical (treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise test [CPET]) and psychosocial (Trier Social Stress Test for Groups [TSST-G]) stress tests and night-time sleep monitoring (polysomnography). Heart rate (HR) and vagally mediated HRV (root mean square of successive differences between normal R-R intervals [RMSSD]) were recorded during the experiments and analyzed by taking account of potential confounders. RESULTS CRF (peak O2 uptake) averaged 99% (range 78-126) in relation to reference data. From pre-rest to moderate intensities during CPET and throughout TSST-G, HR did not differ between participants with CRF below median (CRFlower) and CRF equal to or above median (CRFhigher), whereas CRFhigher had higher HRV than CRFlower, and CRF correlated positively with HRV in all participants. Meanwhile, CRF had no independent associations with HR or HRV levels during slow-wave sleep, the presence of metabolic syndrome was not associated with recorded HR or HRV levels, and single factors predicted HRV responsiveness independently only to limited extents. CONCLUSIONS CRF is positively associated with prevailing vagally mediated HRV at everyday levels of physical and psychosocial stress in adults with cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anniina Salmio
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Antti-Pekka E Rissanen
- Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland -
- Sports and Exercise Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HULA - Helsinki Sports and Exercise Medicine Clinic, Foundation for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari L O Kurkela
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Mirva Rottensteiner
- Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Santtu Seipäjärvi
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Joona Juurakko
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Urho M Kujala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jari A Laukkanen
- Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jan Wikgren
- Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Cho S, Lee SH, Lee HJ, Chu MK, Kim WJ, Heo K, Kim KM. Changes in heart rate variability over time from symptom onset of transient global amnesia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6944. [PMID: 38521821 PMCID: PMC10960858 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Transient global amnesia (TGA) often involves precipitating events associated with changes in autonomic nervous system (ANS), and heart rate variability (HRV) reflects the ANS state. This study aimed to investigate HRV changes after TGA. A retrospective analysis of HRV included patients diagnosed with TGA between January 2015 and May 2020. The time and frequency domains of HRV were compared among three groups: early (< 1 week after TGA, n = 19), late (1-4 weeks after TGA, n = 38), and healthy control (HC, n = 19). The Pearson's correlation between time and time-domain HRV was also examined. The standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN) (early, 47.2; late, 35.5; HC, 41.5; p = 0.033) and root mean square of successive RR interval differences (RMSSD) (early, 38.5; late, 21.3; HC, 31.0; p = 0.006) differed significantly among the three groups. Post-hoc analysis showed statistically significant differences only in the early and late groups in both SDNN (p = 0.032) and RMSSD (p = 0.006) values. However, the frequency domain with total power, low-frequency and high-frequency powers, and low-frequency/high-frequency ratio did not differ. SDNN (Pearson correlation coefficient =- 0.396, p = 0.002) and RMSSD (Pearson correlation coefficient =- 0.406, p = 0.002) were negatively correlated with time after TGA. Changes in HRV occurred over time after the onset of TGA, with the pattern showing an increase in the first week and then a decrease within 4 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soomi Cho
- Department of Neurology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sue Hyun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Lee
- Department of Neurology, Gwangmyeong Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Gwangmyeong, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Chu
- Department of Neurology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Joo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Heo
- Department of Neurology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Kim
- Department of Neurology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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da Fonseca RX, Gomes da Cruz CJ, Soares EDMKVK, Garcia GL, Porto LGG, Molina GE. Post-exercise heart rate recovery and its speed are associated with resting-reactivity cardiovagal modulation in healthy women. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5526. [PMID: 38448470 PMCID: PMC10917800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51842-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study sought to expand upon prior investigations of the relationship between post-exercise heart rate recovery (HRR) and cardiovagal resting-reactivity modulation. HRR from 1st to 5th min after maximal exercise test was correlated with a cardiovagal index of heart rate variability (SD1) at resting (supine and orthostatic positions) and its reactivity after the orthostatic stress test in 34 healthy women. Statistical analysis employed non-parametric tests with a p-value set at 5%. HRR, ∆%HRR, and coefficient of HRR (CHRR) at the 3rd and 5th min correlated with SD1 and SD1n (normalized units) in the supine position (rs = 0.36 to 0.47; p = < 0.01). From the 1st to 5th min, HRR, ∆%HRR, and CHRR correlated with SD1 and SD1n in the orthostatic position (rs = 0.29 to 0.47; p = ≤ 0.01 to 0.05), except for HRR at 5th min with SD1n (p = 0.06). Following the orthostatic stress test, HRR at 3rd and HRR, %∆HRR at 5th min correlated with ∆absSD1 (rs = 0.28 to 0.35; p = 0.02 to 0.05). All HRR measurements at 1st min correlated with ∆absSD1n (rs = 0.32 to 0.38; p = 0.01 to 0.03), and the CHRR at 1st min correlated with ∆%SD1(rs = 0.37; p = 0.01). After the sample was divided into high and low cardiovagal modulation subgroups, the subgroup with high modulation at rest (supine and orthostatic) and higher cardiovagal reactivity (reduction) showed faster HRR (p = ≤ 0.01 to 0.05; ES:0.37 to 0.50). HRR throughout the 1st to 5th min positively correlates with cardiovagal modulation in the orthostatic position, and the 3rd and 5th min positively correlate with cardiovagal modulation in both postures at rest. Faster HRR following the maximal exercise test is associated with high resting-reactivity cardiovagal modulation in healthy women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Xavier da Fonseca
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação Física, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
- Grupo de Estudo em Fisiologia e Epidemiologia do Exercício e da Atividade Física (GEAFS), Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Carlos Janssen Gomes da Cruz
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação Física, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
- Grupo de Estudo em Fisiologia e Epidemiologia do Exercício e da Atividade Física (GEAFS), Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- University Center Euro Americano, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Edgard de Melo Keene Von Koening Soares
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação Física, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
- Grupo de Estudo em Fisiologia e Epidemiologia do Exercício e da Atividade Física (GEAFS), Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Skidemore College, Saratoga Springs, NY, USA
| | - Giliard Lago Garcia
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação Física, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
- Grupo de Estudo em Fisiologia e Epidemiologia do Exercício e da Atividade Física (GEAFS), Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- University Center Institute of Higher Education of Brasília - IESB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Luiz Guilherme Grossi Porto
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação Física, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
- Grupo de Estudo em Fisiologia e Epidemiologia do Exercício e da Atividade Física (GEAFS), Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Eckhardt Molina
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação Física, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Física, Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
- Grupo de Estudo em Fisiologia e Epidemiologia do Exercício e da Atividade Física (GEAFS), Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Pernigoni M, Calleja-González J, Lukonaitienė I, Tessitore A, Stanislovaitienė J, Kamarauskas P, Conte D. Comparative Effectiveness of Active Recovery and Static Stretching During Post-Exercise Recovery in Elite Youth Basketball. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2024; 95:272-280. [PMID: 37039750 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2023.2195457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of active recovery (AR) versus static stretching (SS) during post-exercise recovery in basketball. Methods: Using a counterbalanced crossover design, 17 elite youth male players completed two 90-min training sessions, followed by either AR or SS. Differences in jump height (CMJ), heart rate variability (Ln-rMSSD), muscle soreness (VAS), perceived recovery (TQR) and hormonal biomarkers (cortisol, testosterone, testosterone:cortisol ratio) between interventions were assessed at pre-session, post-session (except hormonal biomarkers), post-recovery and 24 h post-session. Differences in Ln-rMSSD were additionally assessed upon awakening on training day, and the following morning. Results: No significant differences were found between interventions at corresponding time points (p > .05). However, the within-intervention time course of recovery differed, as CMJ values were lower at post-recovery, compared with all other time points, in SS only (p < .05, effect size [ES] moderate-to-very large). Additionally, Ln-rMSSD values failed to return to baseline at post-recovery in AR only (p < .05, ES large-to-very large). Similarly, TQR scores were impaired at post-session and post-recovery in AR only (p < .05, ES moderate-to-large). No differences were reported for the remaining variables (p > .05). Conclusion: Differences between AR and SS were probably due to short-term phenomena, indicating that neither strategy was likely superior for improving recovery in the longer term. Overall, neither strategy seemed to significantly improve post-exercise recovery.
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Van Hooren B, van Rengs L, Meijer K. Per-step and cumulative load at three common running injury locations: The effect of speed, surface gradient, and cadence. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14570. [PMID: 38389144 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Understanding how loading and damage on common running injury locations changes across speeds, surface gradients, and step frequencies may inform training programs and help guide progression/rehabilitation after injuries. However, research investigating tissue loading and damage in running is limited and fragmented across different studies, thereby impairing comparison between conditions and injury locations. This study examined per-step peak load and impulse, cumulative impulse, and cumulative weighted impulse (hereafter referred to as cumulative damage) on three common injury locations (patellofemoral joint, tibia, and Achilles tendon) across different speeds, surface gradients, and cadences. We also explored how cumulative damage in the different tissues changed across conditions relative to each other. Nineteen runners ran at five speeds (2.78, 3.0, 3.33, 4.0, 5.0 m s-1 ), and four gradients (-6, -3, +3, +6°), and three cadences (preferred, ±10 steps min-1 ) each at one speed. Patellofemoral, tibial, and Achilles tendon loading and damage were estimated from kinematic and kinetic data and compared between conditions using a linear mixed model. Increases in running speed increased patellofemoral cumulative damage, with nonsignificant increases for the tibia and Achilles tendon. Increases in cadence reduced damage to all tissues. Uphill running increased tibial and Achilles tendon, but decreased patellofemoral damage, while downhill running showed the reverse pattern. Per-step and cumulative loading, and cumulative loading and cumulative damage indices diverged across conditions. Moreover, changes in running speed, surface gradient, and step frequency lead to disproportional changes in relative cumulative damage on different structures. Methodological and practical implications for researchers and practitioners are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas Van Hooren
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lars van Rengs
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kenneth Meijer
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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10
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Hidouri S, Driss T, Tagougui S, Kammoun N, Chtourou H, Hammouda O. Sensor-Based Assessment of Time-of-Day-Dependent Physiological Responses and Physical Performances during a Walking Football Match in Higher-Weight Men. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:909. [PMID: 38339626 PMCID: PMC10856934 DOI: 10.3390/s24030909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring key physiological metrics, including heart rate and heart rate variability, has been shown to be of value in exercise science, disease management, and overall health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the diurnal variation of physiological responses and physical performances using digital biomarkers as a precise measurement tool during a walking football match (WFM) in higher-weight men. Nineteen males (mean age: 42.53 ± 12.18 years; BMI: 33.31 ± 4.31 kg·m-2) were engaged in a WFM at two different times of the day. Comprehensive evaluations of physiological parameters (e.g., cardiac autonomic function, lactate, glycemia, and oxygen saturation), along with physical performance, were assessed before, during, and after the match. Overall, there was a significant interaction (time of day x WFM) for mean blood pressure (MBP) (p = 0.007) and glycemia (p = 0.039). Glycemia decreased exclusively in the evening after WFM (p = 0.001), while mean blood pressure did not significantly change. Rating of perceived exertion was significantly higher in the evening than in the morning (p = 0.04), while the heart rate recovery after 1 min (HRR60s) of the match was lower in the evening than in the morning (p = 0.048). Overall, walking football practice seems to be safe, whatever the time of day. Furthermore, HRR60, glycemia, and (MBP) values were lower in the evening compared to the morning, suggesting that evening exercise practice could be safer for individuals with higher weight. The utilization of digital biomarkers for monitoring health status during WFM has been shown to be efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Hidouri
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax 3026, Tunisia; (S.H.); (O.H.)
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UPL, UFR STAPS, Paris Nanterre University, 92001 Nanterre, France
| | - Tarak Driss
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UPL, UFR STAPS, Paris Nanterre University, 92001 Nanterre, France
| | - Sémah Tagougui
- EA7369–URePSSS, Pluridisciplinary Research Unit, “Sport, Health and Society”, University of Lille, University of Artois, University of Littoral Côte d’Opale, 59000 Lille, France;
| | - Noureddine Kammoun
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (N.K.); (H.C.)
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (N.K.); (H.C.)
| | - Omar Hammouda
- Research Laboratory, Molecular Bases of Human Pathology, LR19ES13, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax 3026, Tunisia; (S.H.); (O.H.)
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UPL, UFR STAPS, Paris Nanterre University, 92001 Nanterre, France
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11
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Wang T, Mao J, Bo S, Zhang L, Li Q. Acute effects of resistance-type and cycling-type high-intensity interval training on arterial stiffness, cardiac autonomic modulation and cardiac biomarkers. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:14. [PMID: 38212817 PMCID: PMC10785405 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00806-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to enhance cardiovascular health. However, there is a lack of research investigating the specific cardiovascular effects of different HIIT training modes. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the acute effects of cycling-type high intensity interval training (C-HIIT) and resistance-type high intensity interval training (R-HIIT) on arterial stiffness, cardiac autonomic modulation, and cardiac biomarkers in healthy young men. METHODS This is a cross-over randomized trial. Eleven healthy active young men took part in both C-HIIT and R-HIIT. Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), heart rate variability (HRV), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were measured before, immediately and 30 min after the exercise in C-HIIT and R-HIIT. Meanwhile, blood samples for cardiac troponin-T (cTnT) and amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were assessed using ELISA before, 5min and 35min after exercise. RESULTS There was a significant time × group interaction effect (P = 0.019, ηp2 = 0.182) and time main effect for ⊿CAVI (P < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.729), and R-HIIT resulted in a more significant reduction in ⊿CAVI compared to C-HIIT (- 0.60 ± 0.30, P = 0.043, d = 0.924) immediately after exercise. There was a significant time main effect was observed for SBP (P = 0.001, ηp2 = 0.304). A significant time main effect for lnHF (P < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.782), lnRMSSD (P < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.693), and LF/HF (P = 0.001, ηp2 = 0.302) of HRV was observed. A significant time main effect was observed for cTnT (P = 0.023, ηp2 = 0.193) and NT-proBNP (P = 0.001, ηp2 = 0.334) of cardiac biomarkers. CONCLUSION R-HIIT and C-HIIT elicited similar acute responses in cardiac autonomic modulation and cardiac biomarkers. However, R-HIIT was more effective in reducing arterial stiffness in healthy young men. Furthermore, the increase in cardiac biomarkers induced by both C-HIIT and R-HIIT was reversible. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was prospectively registered on 22 February 2022 at www.chictr.org.cn with identification number ChiCTR2200056897.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianjiao Wang
- College of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Mao
- College of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Shumin Bo
- College of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Li
- College of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
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12
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Laborde S, Wanders J, Mosley E, Javelle F. Influence of physical post-exercise recovery techniques on vagally-mediated heart rate variability: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2024; 44:14-35. [PMID: 37754676 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
In sports, physical recovery following exercise-induced fatigue is mediated via the reactivation of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). A noninvasive way to quantify the reactivation of the PNS is to assess vagally-mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV), which can then be used as an index of physical recovery. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effects of physical recovery techniques following exercise-induced fatigue on vmHRV, specifically via the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD). Randomized controlled trials from the databases PubMed, WebOfScience, and SportDiscus were included. Twenty-four studies were part of the systematic review and 17 were included in the meta-analysis. Using physical post-exercise recovery techniques displayed a small to moderate positive effect on RMSSD (k = 22, Hedges' g = 0.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.20-0.61, p = 0.04) with moderate heterogeneity. In the subgroup analyses, cold water immersion displayed a moderate to large positive effect (g = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.42-1.07) compared with none for other techniques. For exercise type, physical recovery techniques performed after resistance exercise (g = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.48-0.89) demonstrated a larger positive effect than after cardiovascular intermittent (g = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.06-0.97), while physical recovery techniques performed after cardiovascular continuous exercise had no effect. No significant subgroup differences for training status and exercise intensity were observed. Overall, physical post-exercise recovery techniques can accelerate PNS reactivation as indexed by vmHRV, but the effectiveness varies with the technique and exercise type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Laborde
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- UFR STAPS, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Jannik Wanders
- Department of Performance Psychology, Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Emma Mosley
- Solent University Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Florian Javelle
- NeuroPsychoImmunology Research Unit, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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13
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Tyler J, Podaras M, Richardson B, Roeder N, Hammond N, Hamilton J, Blum K, Gold M, Baron DA, Thanos PK. High intensity interval training exercise increases dopamine D2 levels and modulates brain dopamine signaling. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1257629. [PMID: 38192549 PMCID: PMC10773799 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1257629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous research has outlined the health benefits of exercise including its therapeutic potential for substance use disorders (SUD). These data have already been utilized and it is now common to find exercise as part of SUD treatment and relapse prevention programs. However, we need to better understand different exercise regimens and determine which would be the most beneficial for SUDs. Recently, high intensity interval training (HIIT) has gained attention in comparison with aerobic and resistance exercise. Little is known regarding the neurobiological mechanisms of HIIT, including its effects on dopamine signaling and receptor levels in the brain. The present study examined the effects of chronic HIIT exercise on dopamine signaling as measured by dopamine type 1-like receptor (D1R)-like, dopamine type 2-like receptor (D2R)-like, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) quantification in the brains of male and female rats as measured by [3H] SCH 23390 and [3H] spiperone autoradiography, and TH-immunoreactive optical density values. Methods Rats were separated in two groups: sedentary and HIIT exercise. Exercise was on a treadmill for 30 min daily (10 3 min cycles) for six weeks with progressive speed increased up to 0.8 mph (21.5 m/min). Results Results showed for D2R-like binding, a significant effect across the ventral caudate putamen (V CPU) between sexes, such that mean D2R-like binding was 14% greater for males than females. In the nucleus accumbens shell (Nac Shell), the HIIT Exercise rats showed 16% greater D2R-like binding as compared to the sedentary rats. No significant effects of HIIT exercise were found across groups for brain D1R-like binding levels or TH expression. Conclusion These results suggest that HIIT exercise can modulate dopamine signaling by way of increased D2R. These findings support the premise that HIIT exercise plays an important role in dopamine signaling and, may provide a potential mechanism for how HIIT exercise can impact the brain and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Tyler
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Madeline Podaras
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Brittany Richardson
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Nicole Roeder
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Nikki Hammond
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - John Hamilton
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Center for Sports, Exercsie and Mental Health, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Mark Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - David A. Baron
- Center for Sports, Exercsie and Mental Health, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Panayotis K. Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions (BNNLA), Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
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14
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Fogarty JS, Goodwill AM, Tan AL, Tan SHJ. Student arousal, engagement, and emotion relative to Physical Education periods in school. Trends Neurosci Educ 2023; 33:100215. [PMID: 38049294 DOI: 10.1016/j.tine.2023.100215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise has transient effects on cognition and mood, however the impact of Physical Education (PE) on cognitive and affective processes across the school day has not been examined. METHOD This study used wearables and questionnaires to track student arousal, engagement, and emotion across school days/periods following PE. Skin conductance, heart rate, heart rate variability, and self-reported engagement, arousal, and valence were analyzed for 23 students (age 15-17 years) on days with and without PE. RESULTS Sympathetic arousal was significantly higher for two hours following PE and there were stronger decreases in arousal across other classes relative to days without PE. On days with PE, engagement decreased, whereas valence increased from morning to afternoon. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the importance of considering acute effects of PE on learning across the entire school day, and demonstrates the feasibility of wearables to clarify how the timing of PE could positively or negatively affect self-regulation and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack S Fogarty
- Science of Learning in Education Centre, Office of Education Research, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, 637616, Singapore.
| | - Alicia M Goodwill
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Aik Lim Tan
- Science of Learning in Education Centre, Office of Education Research, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, 637616, Singapore
| | - S H Jessica Tan
- Science of Learning in Education Centre, Office of Education Research, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, 637616, Singapore
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15
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Van Hooren B, Mennen B, Gronwald T, Bongers BC, Rogers B. Correlation properties of heart rate variability to assess the first ventilatory threshold and fatigue in runners. J Sports Sci 2023:1-10. [PMID: 37916488 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2277034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The short-term scaling exponent alpha1 of detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA-a1) of heart rate variability (HRV) has shown potential to delineate the first ventilatory threshold (VT1). The aims of this study were to investigate the accuracy of this method for VT1 determination in runners using a consumer grade chest belt and to explore the effects of acute fatigue. METHODS We compared oxygen uptake (V̇O2) and heart rate (HR) at gas exchange VT1 to V̇O2 and HR at a DFA-a1 value of 0.75. Gas exchange and HRV data were obtained from 14 individuals during a treadmill run involving two incremental ramps. Agreement was assessed using Bland-Altman analysis and linear regression. RESULTS Bland-Altman analysis between gas exchange and HRV V̇O2 and HR at VT1 during the first ramp showed a mean (95% limits of agreement) bias of -0.5 (-6.8 to 5.8) ml∙kg-1∙min-1, and -0.9 (-12.2 to 10.5) beats∙min-1, with R2 of 0.83 and 0.56, respectively. During the second ramp, the differences were -7.3 (-18.1 to 3.5) ml∙kg-1∙min-1 and -12.3 (-30.4 to 5.9) beats∙min-1, with R2 of 0.62 and 0.43, respectively. CONCLUSION A chest-belt derived DFA-a1 of 0.75 is closely related to gas exchange VT1, with the variability in accuracy at an individual level being similar to gas exchange methods. This suggests this to be a useful method for exercise intensity demarcation. The altered relationship during the second ramp indicates that DFA-a1 is only able to accurately demarcate exercise intensity thresholds in a non-fatigued state, but also opens opportunities for fatigue-based training prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas Van Hooren
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bram Mennen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Gronwald
- MSH Medical School Hamburg, Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bart C Bongers
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bruce Rogers
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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16
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Sonkodi B, Radovits T, Csulak E, Kopper B, Sydó N, Merkely B. Orthostasis Is Impaired Due to Fatiguing Intensive Acute Concentric Exercise Succeeded by Isometric Weight-Loaded Wall-Sit in Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness: A Pilot Study. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:209. [PMID: 37999426 PMCID: PMC10675158 DOI: 10.3390/sports11110209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate any indication of diminished orthostatic tolerance as a result of fatiguing intensive acute concentric exercise with a successive isometric wall-sit followed by an orthostatic stress test, with a special focus on any distinguishable alterations due to a delayed-onset muscle soreness effect. The exercise protocol was carried out among nineteen (10 female, 9 male) junior swimmers from the Hungarian National Swim Team. All athletes showed a positive orthostatic stress test right after our exercise protocol. The diastolic blood pressure was significantly lower due to the delayed-onset muscle soreness effect in the standing position after the supine position of the orthostatic stress test, in contrast to the athletes who did not experience delayed-onset muscle soreness. Furthermore, the heart rate was dysregulated in athletes with a delayed-onset muscle soreness effect when they assumed a supine position after the sustained standing position during the orthostatic stress test, in contrast to the athletes without delayed-onset muscle soreness. Interesting to note is that, in three subjects, the sustained standing position decreased the heart rate below the level of the initial supine position and six athletes experienced dizziness in the standing position, and all of these athletes were from the group that experienced delayed-onset muscle soreness. Accordingly, this study, for the first time, demonstrated that delayed-onset muscle soreness impairs orthostasis after unaccustomed fatiguing intensive acute concentric exercise with a successive isometric weight-loaded wall-sit; however, validation of this association should be investigated in a larger sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Sonkodi
- Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Sports Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Radovits
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Emese Csulak
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Kopper
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Sydó
- Department of Sports Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Merkely
- Department of Sports Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
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17
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Lloria-Varella J, Koral J, Ravel A, Féasson L, Murias JM, Busso T. Neuromuscular and autonomic function is fully recovered within 24 h following a sprint interval training session. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:2317-2329. [PMID: 37285051 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05249-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recovery is a key factor to promote adaptations and enhance performance. Sprint Interval Training (SIT) is known to be an effective approach to improve overall physical function and health. Although a 2-day rest period is given between SIT sessions, the time-course of recovery after SIT is unknown. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine whether the neuromuscular and autonomic nervous systems would be impaired 24 and 48 h after an SIT session. METHODS Twenty-five healthy subjects performed an 8 × 15 s all-out session on a braked cycle ergometer with 2 min of rest between repetitions. Isometric maximal voluntary contraction (iMVC) and evoked forces to electrical nerve stimulation during iMVC and at rest were used to assess muscle contractile properties and voluntary activation before (Pre), 1 (Post24h), and 2 (Post48h) days after the session. Two maximal 7 s sprints with two different loads were performed at those same time-points to evaluate the maximal theoretical force (F0), velocity (V0) and maximal power (Pmax) production during a dynamic exercise. Additionally, nocturnal heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed the previous and the three subsequent nights to the exercise bout. RESULTS No significant impairments were observed for the iMVC or for the force evoked by electrical stimulation 1 day after the session. Similarly, F0, V0, and Pmax were unchanged at Post24h and Post48h. Furthermore, HRV did not reveal any temporal or frequential significant difference the nights following SIT compared to Pre. CONCLUSION The results of this study show a full recovery of neuromuscular and autonomic functions a day after an all-out SIT session.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume Lloria-Varella
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Étienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France.
| | - Jérôme Koral
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance, French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France
| | - Antoine Ravel
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Étienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Léonard Féasson
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Étienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France
- Unité de Myologie, IRMIS, Centre Référent Maladies Neuromusculaires Rares-Euro-NmD, CHU de Saint-Etienne, 42055, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Juan M Murias
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Thierry Busso
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Étienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France
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18
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Michel MF, Girard O, Guillard V, Brechbuhl C. Well-being as a performance pillar: a holistic approach for monitoring tennis players. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1259821. [PMID: 37789864 PMCID: PMC10544573 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1259821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This perspective article aims to discuss the usefulness of tools that can assist tennis professionals effectively manage the well-being of their players. This includes identifying and monitoring meaningful metrics (i.e., training load, training intensity, heart rate variability), as well as careful planning of training and competition schedules with appropriate recovery periods. The use of innovative training methods (i.e., repeated-sprint training in hypoxia and heat training), and proper dietary practices, along with biometric assessment for young players, represents should be considered. Adopting a holistic approach to decision-making about training and competition, balancing both health and performance considerations, is crucial for tennis players and their support teams. More research is needed to refine best practices for enhancing tennis performance while prioritizing the well-being of players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Florine Michel
- Faculty of Sports Science, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- French Tennis Federation, Stade Roland-Garros, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Girard
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | | | - Cyril Brechbuhl
- French Tennis Federation, Stade Roland-Garros, Paris, France
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19
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Papadakis Z, Grandjean PW, Forsse JS. Effects of Acute Exercise on Cardiac Autonomic Response and Recovery in Non-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2023; 94:812-825. [PMID: 35522981 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2057401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Heart rate variability (HRV) has gained acceptance as a key marker of cardiovascular health. We compared HRV responses after continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CMIE) and high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) matched for intensity and duration in individuals with midspectrum chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: Twenty men and women (age 62.0 ± 10 yrs.) diagnosed with CKD stages G3a and G3b participated in a 2 (condition) x 4 (time point) repeated cross-over measures design study. HRV time-domain indices were based on the standard deviation of all NN intervals (SDNN) and the square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent NN intervals (RMSSD) and frequency domain. High-frequency (HF), low-frequency (LF), total power (TP) were examined. CMIE consisted of treadmill walking for 30 minutes at a 2% incline and speed corresponding to 60%-65% of reserve volume of oxygen (VO2R). HIIE included five intervals of 3 minutes at 90% of VO2R and 2 minutes at 20% VO2R intervals. Conditions were designed to be of the same average intensity (60% to 65% of VO2R) and caloric expenditure (~144 kcal). Results: Immediately following exercise SDNN, RMSSD, HF, LF, and TP were significantly lower compared to before exercise (p <.05). HRV responses were not different between conditions and conditions X time (p >.05). Conclusions: Thirty minutes of either CMIE or HIIE decreased HRV indices, pointing to an autonomic imbalance favoring vagal mediation. HRV's responses regarding HIIE were no different from CMIE, therefore, from an autonomic function point of view this similarity may be useful for CKD exercise prescription and programming.
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20
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Lalanza JF, Lorente S, Bullich R, García C, Losilla JM, Capdevila L. Methods for Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback (HRVB): A Systematic Review and Guidelines. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2023; 48:275-297. [PMID: 36917418 PMCID: PMC10412682 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-023-09582-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback (HRVB) has been widely used to improve cardiovascular health and well-being. HRVB is based on breathing at an individual's resonance frequency, which stimulates respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and the baroreflex. There is, however, no methodological consensus on how to apply HRVB, while details about the protocol used are often not well reported. Thus, the objectives of this systematic review are to describe the different HRVB protocols and detect methodological concerns. PsycINFO, CINALH, Medline and Web of Science were searched between 2000 and April 2021. Data extraction and quality assessment were based on PRISMA guidelines. A total of 143 studies were finally included from any scientific field and any type of sample. Three protocols for HRVB were found: (i) "Optimal RF" (n = 37), each participant breathes at their previously detected RF; (ii) "Individual RF" (n = 48), each participant follows a biofeedback device that shows the optimal breathing rate based on cardiovascular data in real time, and (iii) "Preset-pace RF" (n = 51), all participants breathe at the same rate rate, usually 6 breaths/minute. In addition, we found several methodological differences for applying HRVB in terms of number of weeks, duration of breathing or combination of laboratory and home sessions. Remarkably, almost 2/3 of the studies did not report enough information to replicate the HRVB protocol in terms of breathing duration, inhalation/exhalation ratio, breathing control or body position. Methodological guidelines and a checklist are proposed to enhance the methodological quality of future HRVB studies and increase the information reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume F Lalanza
- Department of Basic Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sonia Lorente
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Pediatric Area, Hospital de Terrassa, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Raimon Bullich
- Department of Basic Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Carlos García
- Department of Basic Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Josep-Maria Losilla
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Sport Research Institute UAB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lluis Capdevila
- Department of Basic Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
- Sport Research Institute UAB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
- Departament of Basic Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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21
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Lavín-Pérez AM, Collado-Mateo D, Hinojo González C, de Juan Ferré A, Ruisánchez Villar C, Mayo X, Jiménez A. Exploring autonomic modulation: day-to-day recovery after exercise sessions in breast cancer survivors. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1231683. [PMID: 37614512 PMCID: PMC10442838 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1231683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The current study aimed to analyze the changes in heart rate variability (HRV) 24h, 48h and 72h after exercise sessions in breast cancer survivors. Methods Sixteen survivors who had undergone chemotherapy and radiotherapy were included. Participants trained resistance and cardiovascular components 3 times per week. The intervention was supervised and delivered online for 4 weeks. In this period, patients measured their HRV daily obtaining the lnrMSSD and lnSDNN values of: day 0 (the morning of the training sessions), 24h, 48h and 72h after exercise. Results Significant changes in lnrMSSD (p=0.015) and lnSDNN (p=0.031) during recovery times and lnSDNN during the weeks were found (p=0.015). The most prominent differences were identified between the baseline measurement taken on day 0 and 24h after exercise (p=0.007 and p=0.048, respectively) and between measurements obtained 24h and 48h after the training session (p=0.019 and p=0.026, respectively). Conclusion Our study suggests that patients may decrease their lnrMSSD and lnSDNN values 24h after exercise and they were close to recover 48h after the sessions. In this regard, HRV may be an useful tool to monitor their recovery and exercise tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Myriam Lavín-Pérez
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
- GO Fit LAB, GO Fit Life, Science and Technology, S.A., Madrid, Spain
- Program of Epidemiology and Public Health (Interuniversity), Ph.D. International School Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Hinojo González
- Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Ana de Juan Ferré
- Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Cristina Ruisánchez Villar
- Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Marques de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Xián Mayo
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Jiménez
- Sport Sciences Research Centre, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
- GO Fit LAB, GO Fit Life, Science and Technology, S.A., Madrid, Spain
- Advanced Wellbeing Research Centre, College of Health, Wellbeing and Life Sciences, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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22
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Frytz P, Heib DPJ, Hoedlmoser K. Soccer, Sleep, Repeat: Effects of Training Characteristics on Sleep Quantity and Sleep Architecture. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1679. [PMID: 37629536 PMCID: PMC10455405 DOI: 10.3390/life13081679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the high demands of competitive sports, the sleep architecture of adolescent athletes may be influenced by their regular training. To date, there is no clear evidence on how training characteristics (intensity, time of day, number of sessions) influence sleep quality and quantity. 53 male soccer players (M = 14.36 years, SD = 0.55) of Austrian U15 (n = 45) and U16 elite teams (n = 8) were tested on at least three consecutive days following their habitual training schedules. Participants completed daily sleep protocols (7 a.m., 8 p.m.) and questionnaires assessing sleep quality (PSQI), chronotype (D-MEQ), competition anxiety (WAI-T), and stress/recovery (RESTQ). Electrocardiography (ECG) and actigraphy devices measured sleep. Using sleep protocols and an ECG-based multi-resolution convolutional neural network (MCNN), we found that higher training intensity leads to more wake time, that later training causes longer sleep duration, and that one training session per day was most advantageous for sleep quality. In addition, somatic complaints assessed by the WAI-T negatively affected adolescent athletes' sleep. Individual training loads and longer recovery times after late training sessions during the day should be considered in training schedules, especially for adolescent athletes. MCNN modeling based on ECG data seems promising for efficient sleep analysis in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Frytz
- Laboratory for Sleep, Cognition and Consciousness Research, Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg (CCNS), University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Sport Psychology, Faculty of Sport Science, Leipzig University, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dominik P. J. Heib
- Laboratory for Sleep, Cognition and Consciousness Research, Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg (CCNS), University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Institut Proschlaf, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Kerstin Hoedlmoser
- Laboratory for Sleep, Cognition and Consciousness Research, Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg (CCNS), University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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23
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Wittels SH, Renaghan E, Wishon MJ, Wittels HL, Chong S, Wittels ED, Hendricks S, Hecocks D, Bellamy K, Girardi J, Lee S, McDonald S, Feigenbaum LA. Recovery of the autonomic nervous system following football training among division I collegiate football athletes: The influence of intensity and time. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18125. [PMID: 37539237 PMCID: PMC10395356 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is profoundly affected by high intensity exercise. However, evidence is less clear on ANS recovery and function following prolonged bouts of high intensity exercise, especially in non-endurance athletes. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationships between duration and intensity of acute exercise training sessions and ANS recovery and function in Division I football athletes. Fifty, male football athletes were included in this study. Subjects participated in 135 days of exercise training sessions throughout the 25-week season and wore armband monitors (Warfighter Monitor, Tiger Tech Solutions) equipped with electrocardiography capabilities. Intensity was measured via heart rate (HR) during an 'active state', defined as HR ≥ 85 bpm. Further, data-driven intensity thresholds were used and included HR < 140 bpm, HR < 150 bpm, HR < 160 bpm, HR ≥ 140 bpm, HR ≥ 150 bpm and HR ≥ 160 bpm. Baseline HR and HR recovery were measured and represented ANS recovery and function 24h post-exercise. Linear regression models assessed the relationships between time spent at the identified intensity thresholds and ANS recovery and function 24h post-exercise. Statistical significance set at α < 0.05. Athletes participated in 128 training sessions, totaling 2735 data points analyzed. Subjects were predominantly non-Hispanic black (66.0%), aged 21.2 (±1.5) years and average body mass index of 29.2 (4.7) kg⋅(m2)-1. For baseline HR, statistically significant associations between duration and next-day ANS recovery were observed at HR < 140 bpm (β = -0.08 ± 0.02, R2 = 0.31, p < 0.001), HR above 150 and 160 bpm intensity thresholds (β = 0.25 ± 0.02, R2 = 0.69, p < 0.0000 and β = 0.59 ± 0.06, R2 = 0.71, p < 0.0000). Similar associations were observed for HR recovery: HR < 140 bpm (β = 0.15 ± 0.03, R2 = 0.43, p < 0.0000) and HR above 150 and 160 bpm (β = -0.33 ± 0.03, R2 = 0.73, p < 0.0000 and β = -0.80 ± 0.06, R2 = 0.71, p < 0.0000). The strengths of these associations increased with increasing intensity, HR ≥ 150 and 160 bpm (baseline HR: β range = 0.25 vs 0.59, R2: 0.69 vs 0.71 and HR recovery: β range = -0.33 vs -0.80, R2 = 0.73 vs 0.77). Time spent in lower intensity thresholds, elicited weaker associations with ANS recovery and function 24h post-exercise, with statistical significance observed only at HR < 140 bpm (β = -0.08 ± 0.02, R2 = 0.31, p < 0.001). The findings of this study showed that ANS recovery and function following prolonged high intensity exercise remains impaired for more than 24h. Strength and conditioning coaches should consider shorter bouts of strenuous exercise and extending recovery periods within and between exercise training sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Howard Wittels
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wertheim School of Medicine, Florida International University, USA
- Miami Beach Anesthesiology Associates, USA
- Tiger Tech Solutions, Inc., Miami, FL, USA
| | - Eric Renaghan
- Department of Athletics, Sports Science, University of Miami, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kyle Bellamy
- Department of Athletics, Nutrition, University of Miami, USA
| | - Joe Girardi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, USA
| | | | - Samantha McDonald
- Tiger Tech Solutions, Inc., Miami, FL, USA
- School of Kinesiology and Recreation, Illinois State University, USA
| | - Luis A. Feigenbaum
- Department of Athletics, Sports Science, University of Miami, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, USA
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24
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Fenne KT, Clauss M, Schäfer Olstad D, Johansen EI, Jensen J. An Acute Bout of Endurance Exercise Does Not Prevent the Inhibitory Effect of Caffeine on Glucose Tolerance the following Morning. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081941. [PMID: 37111160 PMCID: PMC10143402 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeine reduces glucose tolerance, whereas exercise training improves glucose homeostasis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of caffeine on glucose tolerance the morning after an acute bout of aerobic exercise. Methods: The study had a 2 × 2 factorial design. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were performed after overnight fasting with/without caffeine and with/without exercise the evening before. Eight healthy young active males were included (Age 25.5 ± 1.5 years; 83.9 ± 9.0 kg; VO2max: 54.3 ± 7.0 mL·kg-1·min-1). The exercise session consisted of 30 min cycling at 71% of VO2max followed by four 5 min intervals at 84% with 3 min of cycling at 40% of VO2max between intervals. The exercise was performed at 17:00 h. Energy expenditure at each session was ~976 kcal. Lactate increased to ~8 mM during the exercise sessions. Participants arrived at the laboratory the following morning at 7.00 AM after an overnight fast. Resting blood samples were taken before blood pressure and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured. Caffeine (3 mg/kg bodyweight) or placebo (similar taste/flavor) was ingested, and blood samples, blood pressure and HRV were measured after 30 min. Next, the OGTTs were initiated (75 g glucose dissolved in 3 dL water) and blood was sampled. Blood pressure and HRV were measured during the OGTT. Caffeine increased the area under curve (AUC) for glucose independently of whether exercise was done the evening before (p = 0.03; Two-way ANOVA; Interaction: p = 0.835). Caffeine did not significantly increase AUC for C-peptides compared to placebo (p = 0.096), and C-peptide response was not influenced by exercise. The acute bout of exercise did not significantly improve glucose tolerance the following morning. Diastolic blood pressure during the OGTT was slightly higher after intake of caffeine, independent of whether exercise was performed the evening before or not. Neither caffeine nor exercise the evening before significantly influenced HRV. In conclusion, caffeine reduced glucose tolerance independently of whether endurance exercise was performed the evening before. The low dose of caffeine did not influence heart rate variability but increased diastolic blood pressure slightly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline T Fenne
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, P.O. Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Matthieu Clauss
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, P.O. Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Egil I Johansen
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, P.O. Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Jensen
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, P.O. Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway
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25
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Sonkodi B. LF Power of HRV Could Be the Piezo2 Activity Level in Baroreceptors with Some Piezo1 Residual Activity Contribution. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087038. [PMID: 37108199 PMCID: PMC10138994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart rate variability is a useful measure for monitoring the autonomic nervous system. Heart rate variability measurements have gained significant demand not only in science, but also in the public due to the fairly low price and wide accessibility of the Internet of things. The scientific debate about one of the measures of heart rate variability, i.e., what low-frequency power is reflecting, has been ongoing for decades. Some schools reason that it represents the sympathetic loading, while an even more compelling reasoning is that it measures how the baroreflex modulates the cardiac autonomic outflow. However, the current opinion manuscript proposes that the discovery of the more precise molecular characteristics of baroreceptors, i.e., that the Piezo2 ion channel containing vagal afferents could invoke the baroreflex, may possibly resolve this debate. It is long known that medium- to high-intensity exercise diminishes low-frequency power to almost undetectable values. Moreover, it is also demonstrated that the stretch- and force-gated Piezo2 ion channels are inactivated in a prolonged hyperexcited state in order to prevent pathological hyperexcitation. Accordingly, the current author suggests that the almost undetectable value of low-frequency power at medium- to high-intensity exercise reflects the inactivation of Piezo2 from vagal afferents in the baroreceptors with some Piezo1 residual activity contribution. Consequently, this opinion paper highlights how low-frequency power of the heart rate variability could represent the activity level of Piezo2 in baroreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Sonkodi
- Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, Hungarian University of Sports Science, 1123 Budapest, Hungary
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26
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Ruiz-Navarro JJ, Plaza-Florido A, Alcantara JMA, Gay A, Arellano R. Detraining Effect on Cardiac Autonomic Response to an All-Out Sprint Exercise in Trained Adolescent Swimmers. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2023; 18:573-578. [PMID: 36965487 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2022-0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the effects of a 5-week training cessation on the cardiac autonomic response after a 50-m swimming time-trial test. METHODS Twenty trained and highly trained adolescent swimmers (17.1 [2.7] y) performed a 50-m front-crawl all-out test before (visit 1) and after a 5-week training cessation (visit 2). After the warm-up, heart-rate variability (HRV) was recorded in a seated position using a Polar RS800CX heart-rate monitor during the 10 minutes before (preexercise) and immediately after the 50-m front-crawl all-out test (postexercise). Two-way analysis of variance (time × visit) and analysis of covariance were conducted to compute the effect of the 50-m all-out test on vagal-related HRV parameters (mean R-R, standard deviation of R-R intervals [SDNN], square root of the mean squared differences between successive R-R intervals [RMSSD], the percentage number of pairs of adjacent normal R-R intervals differing by more than 50 milliseconds in the entire recording [pNN50], and power in the high frequency [HF]) with Bonferroni post hoc test. RESULTS All the HRV parameters had a time main effect (P < .05), showing a reduction after the 50 m in both visits (P < .05). All the variables exhibited a visit main effect (P < .05); the preexercise and postexercise mean R-R, natural logarithm SDNN, natural logarithm RMSSD, and natural logarithm HF values declined after the training cessation (P < .05). Natural logarithm pNN50 preexercise values were reduced in visit 2 compared with visit 1 (P < .05). Only mean R-R was further reduced in response to the test in visit 2 compared with visit 1 (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS After 5 weeks of training cessation, all the preexercise and postexercise vagal-related HRV parameters evidenced a reduction, suggesting an impairment in swimmers' physical status. Coaches should be cautious with training loads at the start of the season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús J Ruiz-Navarro
- Aquatics Lab, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada,Spain
| | - Abel Plaza-Florido
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada,Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA,USA
| | - Juan M A Alcantara
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Food Chain Development, Public University of Navarre, Pamplona,Spain
| | - Ana Gay
- Aquatics Lab, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada,Spain
| | - Raúl Arellano
- Aquatics Lab, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada,Spain
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Garrosa-Martín G, Muniesa CA, Molina-Martín JJ, Diez-Vega I. Low Back Pain in Cycling. Are There Differences between Road and Mountain Biking? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3791. [PMID: 36900802 PMCID: PMC10001301 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) is known to affect cyclists. This study aimed to describe perceived lumbar dysfunction and compare the pain sensation in recreational cyclists who practice road and mountain biking. Forty males were randomly assigned to carry out a 3-h road cycling (RC) and mountain biking (MTB) time trial (TT) at submaximal intensity. LBP and pain pressure threshold (PPT) were measured before and after the TT. A significant increment at the LBP was found after RC TT (p < 0.001; d = 2.61), similar to MTB TT (p < 0.001; d = 2.65). However, PPT decreased after completing the RC TT (p < 0.001; d = 1.73) and after MTB TT (p = 0.024; d = 0.77). There were no differences in the LBP evolution between both interventions (p > 0.01). Low back pain perception increases with cycling in recreational cyclists. Nevertheless, this increase appears to be more related to the traits of the cyclist than the modality practiced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerson Garrosa-Martín
- EUSES Health and Sport Science School, Rovira i Virgili University, 43870 Amposta, Spain
| | - Carlos Alberto Muniesa
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR), 26006 Logrono, Spain
| | - Juan José Molina-Martín
- Departamento de Deportes, de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte-INEF, de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Diez-Vega
- Departamento de Enfermería y Fisioterapia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de León, 24401 Ponferrada, Spain
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Jumping vs. running: Effects of exercise modality on aerobic capacity and neuromuscular performance after a six-week high-intensity interval training. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281737. [PMID: 36763697 PMCID: PMC9917273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has proven to be effective in improving endurance capacity and muscle endurance. However, its potential to improve other aspects of physical performance such as strength and power has not been well explored, and most research studies used only running and cycling as exercise modalities. Here, we compared the effects of jumping versus running as exercise modalities during a 6-week HIIT. METHODS 46 participants (24±3 years, 171±9 cm, 68±13 kg, 22 women) were randomly allocated to one of three groups: countermovement jump training, running training, or control. The two training groups underwent a 6-week HIIT with 3 training sessions per week. Both training protocols had identical training frequency, number of series and work/rest durations (on average 7 series of 25s, with a rest of 25s between series). Before and after the training period, aerobic capacity and neuromuscular performance were assessed. RESULTS Analyses of variance revealed a significant group*time interaction effect for maximal aerobic capacity (p = 0.004), and post hoc analyses showed a significant increase in the running group (p < .001, +7.6%). Analyses of the maximal voluntary contraction revealed only a significant increase in the jumping group (plantar flexion +12.8%, knee extension +8.2%). No interaction effects were found for maximal power or jump height. CONCLUSION Despite identical programming, the choice of exercise mode profoundly affected the training adaptations: the running group significantly increased aerobic capacity, and the jump group significantly increased leg strength. These results underline the importance of exercise modality in physical performance adaptations.
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Souza A, Jesus S, Hora J, Farah B, Germano-Soares A, Ribeiro A, Silva D, Wichi R, Andrade-Lima A. Different functional exercise orders induce similar acute cardiac autonomic modulation responses in healthy adults: A randomized controlled crossover study. Sci Sports 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Schaffarczyk M, Rogers B, Reer R, Gronwald T. Fractal correlation properties of HRV as a noninvasive biomarker to assess the physiological status of triathletes during simulated warm-up sessions at low exercise intensity: a pilot study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:203. [PMID: 36457040 PMCID: PMC9713969 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00596-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The non-linear index alpha 1 of Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA a1) of heart rate variability, has been shown to be a marker of fatigue during endurance exercise. This report aims to explore its ability to assess the physiological status as a surrogate metric for "readiness to train" while performing simulated warm-up sessions the day after two different exercise sessions. METHODS 11 triathletes were recruited to determine the first ventilatory threshold (VT1) during a baseline assessment and to perform 10-min of cycling at 90% of VT1 (simulating a warm-up bout) before (PRE) and within 36 h after (POST) light and heavy running exercise. RR intervals were recorded for DFA a1 analysis along with neuromuscular testing to verify the effects of the performed exercise sessions. In addition to common statistical methods, magnitude-based inferences (MBI) were applied to assess the changes in true score and thus also the practical relevance of the magnitude. RESULTS Rating of perceived exertion for the heavy exercise session showed a significant higher rating as opposed to the light exercise session (p < 0.001, d = 0.89). In regard of MBIs, PRE versus POST comparisons revealed a significant reduced DFA a1 with large effect size after the heavy exercise session (p = 0.001, d = - 1.44) and a 99% chance that this negative change was clinically relevant. CONCLUSIONS Despite inter-individual differences, DFA a1 offers potential to assess physiological status and guide athletes in their training as an easy-to-apply monitoring procedure during a standardized warm-up. A regular assessment including individual data history and statistical references for identification of response is recommended. Further data are necessary to confirm the results in a larger and more homogeneous population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelle Schaffarczyk
- grid.11500.350000 0000 8919 8412Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bruce Rogers
- grid.170430.10000 0001 2159 2859Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA
| | - Rüdiger Reer
- grid.9026.d0000 0001 2287 2617Department Sports and Exercise Medicine, Institute of Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Gronwald
- grid.11500.350000 0000 8919 8412Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, University of Applied Sciences and Medical University, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
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Cardiac autonomic responses to high-intensity kettlebell training in untrained young women: A pilot study. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Effects of acute exercise on memory: Considerations of exercise intensity, post-exercise recovery period and aerobic endurance. Mem Cognit 2022; 51:1011-1026. [PMID: 36401115 PMCID: PMC9676734 DOI: 10.3758/s13421-022-01373-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating research demonstrates that acute exercise can enhance long-term episodic memory. However, it is unclear if there is an intensity-specific effect of acute exercise on long-term episodic memory function and whether this is influenced by the post-exercise recovery period, which was the primary objective of this experiment. Another uncertainty in the literature is whether aerobic endurance influences the interaction between exercise intensity and post-exercise recovery period on long-term episodic memory function, which was a secondary objective of this study. With exercise intensity and post-exercise recovery period occurring as within-subject factors, and fitness as a between-subject factor, 59 participants (Mage = 20 years) completed 12 primary laboratory visits. These visits included a 20-min bout of exercise (Control, Moderate, and Vigorous), followed by a recovery period (1, 5, 10, and 15 min) and then a word-list episodic memory task, involving an encoding phase and two long-term recall assessments (20-min and 24-h delayed recall). The primary finding from this experiment was that moderate and vigorous-intensity exercise improved memory function when compared to a non-exercise control. A secondary finding was that individuals with higher levels of aerobic endurance, compared to their lesser fit counterparts, had greater memory performance after exercise (moderate or vigorous) when compared to after a control condition. Additionally, individuals with higher levels of aerobic endurance, compared to their lesser fit counterparts, generally performed better on the memory task with longer post-exercise recovery periods. Future research should carefully consider these parameters when evaluating the effects of acute exercise on long-term episodic memory.
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Casanova-Lizón A, Manresa-Rocamora A, Flatt AA, Sarabia JM, Moya-Ramón M. Does Exercise Training Improve Cardiac-Parasympathetic Nervous System Activity in Sedentary People? A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192113899. [PMID: 36360777 PMCID: PMC9656115 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the training-induced effect on cardiac parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity, assessed by resting heart rate variability (HRV) and post-exercise heart rate recovery (HRR), in sedentary healthy people. Electronic searches were carried out in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Random-effects models of between-group standardised mean difference (SMD) were estimated. Heterogeneity analyses were performed by means of the chi-square test and I2 index. Subgroup analyses and meta-regressions were performed to investigate the influence of potential moderator variables on the training-induced effect. The results showed a small increase in RMSSD (SMD+ = 0.57 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.23, 0.91]) and high frequency (HF) (SMD+ = 0.21 [95% CI = 0.01, 0.42]) in favour of the intervention group. Heterogeneity tests reached statistical significance for RMSSD and HF (p ≤ 0.001), and the inconsistency was moderate (I2 = 68% and 60%, respectively). We found higher training-induced effects on HF in studies that performed a shorter intervention or lower number of exercise sessions (p ≤ 0.001). Data were insufficient to investigate the effect of exercise training on HRR. Exercise training increases cardiac PNS modulation in sedentary people, while its effect on PNS tone requires future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Casanova-Lizón
- Department of Sport Sciences, Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
| | - Agustín Manresa-Rocamora
- Department of Sport Sciences, Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
- Department of Sport Sciences, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Miguel Hernandez University, 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Andrew A. Flatt
- Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University—Armstrong Campus, Savannah, GA 31419, USA
| | - José Manuel Sarabia
- Department of Sport Sciences, Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
- Department of Sport Sciences, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Miguel Hernandez University, 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Manuel Moya-Ramón
- Department of Sport Sciences, Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Alicante, Spain
- Department of Sport Sciences, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Miguel Hernandez University, 03010 Alicante, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-9666-52-046
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Benítez-Flores S, Castro FADS, Lusa Cadore E, Astorino TA. Sprint Interval Training Attenuates Neuromuscular Function and Vagal Reactivity Compared With High-Intensity Functional Training in Real-World Circumstances. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 37:1070-1078. [PMID: 36730997 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Benítez-Flores, S, de S. Castro, FA, Lusa Cadore, E, and Astorino, TA. Sprint interval training attenuates neuromuscular function and vagal reactivity compared with high-intensity functional training in real-world circumstances. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2022-The aim of this study was to compare the acute cardiovascular and neuromuscular effects of 3 time-matched sessions of high-intensity training. Eighteen moderately active adults (9 women and 9 men [age: 23 ± 2.9 years; maximum oxygen consumption (V̇o2max): 47.6 ± 4.1 ml·kg-1·min-1]) performed three low-volume (∼9 minutes) sessions in a randomized order: sprint interval training (SIT), burpee interval training (BIT) (10 × 5 seconds efforts × 35 seconds recovery), and vigorous intensity continuous training (VICT) (6 minutes 5 seconds of running at ∼85% of peak heart rate [HRpeak]). Indices related to heart rate (HR), neuromuscular performance (counter movement jump height [CMJheight] and squat and bench press power), and autonomic balance (heart rate recovery and heart rate variability [HRR and HRV] )were monitored during exercise. Sprint interval training and VICT elicited a higher HRmean (171.3 ± 8.4 and 166.5 ± 7.5 vs. 150.5 ± 13.6 b·min-1, p < 0.001) and time of ≥90%HRpeak (133.3 ± 117.4 and 110 ± 128.9 vs. 10 ± 42.4 seconds, p < 0.01) than BIT. Sprint interval training exhibited a slower HRR and lower HRV than BIT and VICT (p < 0.05) postsession. Moreover, only SIT resulted in a significant decline (p < 0.01) in CMJheight (34.7 ± 7.2 to 33.5 ± 7.2 cm), relative squat mean power (25.5 ± 4.5 to 23.8 ± 4.9 W·kg-1), and relative bench press peak power (6.9 ± 2.4 to 6.2 ± 2.5 W·kg-1). Results revealed that SIT diminishes the sympathovagal reactivation and neuromuscular performance compared with work-matched BIT and VICT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Benítez-Flores
- Department of Physical Education and Health, Higher Institute of Physical Education, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Flávio A de S Castro
- Aquatic Sports Research Group, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Lusa Cadore
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; and
| | - Todd A Astorino
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, California
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Oliveira J, Gentil P, Naves JP, Souza Filho LF, Silva L, Zamunér AR, de Lira CA, Rebelo A. Effects of High Intensity Interval Training versus Sprint Interval Training on Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Healthy Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12863. [PMID: 36232163 PMCID: PMC9566246 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, the practice of physical exercises is an effective strategy in improving or maintaining cardiorespiratory health; however, a lack of time is a barrier to access and interval training appears as possible facilitator. This study aims to compare the effects of two interval training protocols on cardiac autonomic modulation in healthy women. METHODS we conducted a randomized clinical trial with 43 women with a mean age of 29.96 ± 6.25 years, allocated into two groups; high-intensity interval training (HIIT) consisting of four four-minute high-intensity sprints interspersed with three minutes of active recovery and the Sprint interval training (SIT) with four 30-s sprints all-out, interspersed with four minutes of recovery (active or passive). RESULTS the HIIT group presented better results for the patterns without variation (0V) variables (p = 0.022); Shannon entropy (p = 0.004) Conditional Entropy (p = 0.025). However, there was a significant group effect for some variables, Oxygen Volume (VO2) (p = 0.004), Square root of the mean quadratic differences between the adjacent normal R-R intervals (p = 0.002) and standard deviation of all normal R-R intervals recorded in a time interval (p = 0.003), demonstrating an improvement independent of the protocol. CONCLUSION we conclude that eight weeks of interval training were able to produce positive effects on cardiac autonomic modulation in healthy women, with better results for HIIT in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana Oliveira
- Department of Physiotherapy, Araguaia University Center, Goiania 74223-060, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine, Goias Federal University, Goiania 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo Gentil
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Goias Federal University, Goiania 74690-900, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Naves
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Goias Federal University, Goiania 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Souza Filho
- Faculty of Medicine, Goias Federal University, Goiania 74690-900, Brazil
- Department of Physiotherapy, Estacio de Sá de Goias University Center, Goiania 74063-010, Brazil
| | - Lucas Silva
- Department of Physiotherapy, Araguaia University Center, Goiania 74223-060, Brazil
| | - Antonio Roberto Zamunér
- Laboratory of Clinical Research in Kinesiology, Department of Kinesiology, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 34809112, Chile
| | - Claudio Andre de Lira
- Faculty of Physical Education and Dance, Goias Federal University, Goiania 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Rebelo
- Faculty of Medicine, Goias Federal University, Goiania 74690-900, Brazil
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiania 74690-900, Brazil
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George R, Jose R, Meenakshy K, Jarin T, Senthil Kumar S. Effects of long-term exercise training on physiological signals and personality traits in women in law enforcement. JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & FUZZY SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/jifs-221588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Law enforcement teams across the globe experience the highest occupational stress and stress-related diseases. Physical exercise and an active lifestyle are recommended as part of their profession to equip them to fight stress and related health adversities. The research is carried out using objective measures of Heart Rate Variability (HRV), Electro Dermal Activity (EDA), Heart Rate Recovery (HRR), and subjective questionnaires. HRV was generated with an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal acquired using NI myRIO 1900 interfaced with the Vernier EKG sensor. HRR was acquired with the help of a Polar chest strap exercise heart rate monitor and EDA acquisition was carried out with Mindfield E-Sense electrodes. Then statistical features are extracted from the collected data, and feed to the AQCNN (Aquila convolution neural network) classifier to predict the stress. Signal analyses were done in Kubios 4.0, Ledalab V3.x in a MATLAB environment. The results pointed out that exercise training is effective in increasing the vagal tone of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) and hence improves the recovery potential of the cardiovascular system from stress. The proposed AQCNN method improves the accuracy of 95.12% which is 93.13%, 85.36% and 80.13% better than MANOVA technique, CNN and ML-SVM respectively. The findings have the potential to influence decision-making in the selection and training of recruits in high-stress positions, hence optimizing the cost and time of training by identifying maladaptive recruits early.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remya George
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sahrdaya College of Engineering and Technology, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Reshma Jose
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sahrdaya College of Engineering and Technology, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - K. Meenakshy
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Government Engineering College, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - T. Jarin
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Jyothi Engineering College, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - S. Senthil Kumar
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, New Prince Shri Bhavani College of Engineering and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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NUUTTILA OLLIPEKKA, NUMMELA ARI, KORHONEN ELISA, HÄKKINEN KEIJO, KYRÖLÄINEN HEIKKI. Individualized Endurance Training Based on Recovery and Training Status in Recreational Runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:1690-1701. [PMID: 35975912 PMCID: PMC9473708 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Long-term development of endurance performance requires a proper balance between strain and recovery. Because responses and adaptations to training are highly individual, this study examined whether individually adjusted endurance training based on recovery and training status would lead to greater adaptations compared with a predefined program. METHODS Recreational runners were divided into predefined (PD; n = 14) or individualized (IND; n = 16) training groups. In IND, the training load was decreased, maintained, or increased twice a week based on nocturnal heart rate variability, perceived recovery, and heart rate-running speed index. Both groups performed 3-wk preparatory, 6-wk volume, and 6-wk interval periods. Incremental treadmill tests and 10-km running tests were performed before the preparatory period ( T0 ) and after the preparatory ( T1 ), volume ( T2 ), and interval ( T3 ) periods. The magnitude of training adaptations was defined based on the coefficient of variation between T0 and T1 tests (high >2×, low <0.5×). RESULTS Both groups improved ( P < 0.01) their maximal treadmill speed and 10-km time from T1 to T3 . The change in the 10-km time was greater in IND compared with PD (-6.2% ± 2.8% vs -2.9% ± 2.4%, P = 0.002). In addition, IND had more high responders (50% vs 29%) and fewer low responders (0% vs 21%) compared with PD in the change of maximal treadmill speed and 10-km performance (81% vs 23% and 13% vs 23%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS PD and IND induced positive training adaptations, but the individualized training seemed more beneficial in endurance performance. Moreover, IND increased the likelihood of high response and decreased the occurrence of low response to endurance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- OLLI-PEKKA NUUTTILA
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FINLAND
| | - ARI NUMMELA
- Finnish Institute of High Performance Sport KIHU, Jyväskylä, FINLAND
| | - ELISA KORHONEN
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FINLAND
| | - KEIJO HÄKKINEN
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FINLAND
| | - HEIKKI KYRÖLÄINEN
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FINLAND
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Branco BHM, Marcondes VA, de Paula Ramos S, Badilla PV, Andreato LV. Effects of Supplementary Strength Program on Generic and Specific Physical Fitness in Cadet Judo Athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:2816-2823. [PMID: 36135031 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Branco, BHM, Marcondes, VA, de Paula Ramos, S, Badilla, PV, and Andreato, LV. Effects of supplementary strength program on generic and specific physical fitness in cadet judo athletes. J Strength Cond Res 36(10): 2816-2823, 2022-This study aimed to investigate the effects of a supplementary strength program on general and specific physical fitness in under-18 judo athletes. In total, 21 athletes were randomized into 2 groups: experimental group (EG: aged = 15.5 ± 1.2 years; body mass = 71.3 ± 10.6 kg; practice time = 5.1 ± 1.2 years) and control group (aged = 16.6 ± 0.5 years; body mass = 71.7 ± 11.0 kg; practice time = 5.6 ± 0.8 years). Athletes were submitted to anthropometry, generic physical fitness tests (countermovement jump, one-repetition maximum in bench-press, row, and half-squat machine), and specific field tests (isometric and dynamic judogi chin-up and Special Judo Fitness Test [SJFT]). All measurements were presented at baseline, and 8 athletes per group completed pre-training and post-training assessments. Both groups performed the same judo training routine, and the EG also performed 3/weekly/sessions of strength training for 8 weeks. All measurements were conducted during the competitive season. There were no differences in body mass, height, and body fat percentage after the training period (p > 0.05). Improvements were observed in maximal strength for bench press (26.6%), row (17.7%), half-squat machine (29%), dynamic judogi chin-up (33%), and the following SJFT responses: block A (16.7%), block B (11.3%), sum of 3 blocks (8.3%), heart rate after 1 minute (-7.0%), and index (-12.5%), representing performance improvement for the EG. It was concluded that 8 weeks of strength training was positive for general and specific performance. Finally, this strength program may help coaches to develop strength without changes in body mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braulio H M Branco
- Research Group in Physical Education, Physiotherapy, Sports, Nutrition and Performance of the University Center of Maringá (GEFFEND/UniCesumar), Maringa, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Promotion (PPGPS/UniCesumar), Maringa, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Exercise Physiology (PPEP/UniCesumar), Maringa, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pablo V Badilla
- Physical Education Pedagogy, Faculty of Education. Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile ; and
| | - Leonardo V Andreato
- Research Group in Physical Education, Physiotherapy, Sports, Nutrition and Performance of the University Center of Maringá (GEFFEND/UniCesumar), Maringa, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Exercise Physiology (PPEP/UniCesumar), Maringa, Brazil
- Sciences Center of Health and Sport, State University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis-SC, Brazil
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Magnon V, Dutheil F, Vallet GT. The heart to make the right choice: Vagal (re)activity and recovery predict advantageous decision-making. Physiol Behav 2022; 254:113911. [PMID: 35820625 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
From simple everyday choices to life-altering decisions, decision-making is a crucial cognitive process in our daily life. Psychophysiological theories of heart-brain interactions involvement in cognition predict that general self-regulation capacities underlie cognitive processes including decision-making. Yet, in the context of decision-making, the somatic maker hypothesis postulates that the adaptability of the current physiological state should be the best predictor of advantageous decision-making. The present study tests compare self-regulation in general (indexed by resting vagal activity) and in a specific decisional context (vagal reactivity and recovery) to explain advantageous decision-making. Young adults (n = 54) completed a decision-making task while wearing a heart rate monitor. Bayesian regressions show that vagal reactivity and recovery combined is the preferred statistical model to explain advantageous decision-making (BF10 = 163.85). Those findings 1) support the somatic marker hypothesis highlighting the key role of in situ self-regulation in decision-making processes and 2) show that the popular and often used index of general self-regulation, resting vagal activity, is not the best predictor of decision-making performance, and perhaps even for other cognitive functions. A next step could be interventional studies to test whether vagal modulation of heart rate underlies decision-making through interventions that influence vagal activity, which could provide relevant clinical leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Magnon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Frederic Dutheil
- University Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, WittyFit, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Guillaume T Vallet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Flatt AA, Hornikel B, Nakamura FY, Esco MR. Effect of Competitive Status and Experience on Heart Rate Variability Profiles in Collegiate Sprint-Swimmers. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:2898-2904. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Prolonged cycling reduces power output at the moderate-to-heavy intensity transition. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:2673-2682. [PMID: 36127418 PMCID: PMC9488873 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To determine the effect of prolonged exercise on moderate-to-heavy intensity transition power output and heart rate. Methods Fourteen endurance-trained cyclists and triathletes took part in the present investigation (13 males, 1 female, V·O2peak 59.9 ± 6.8 mL.kg−1.min−1). Following a characterisation trial, participants undertook a five-stage incremental step test to determine the power output and heart rate at the moderate-to-heavy intensity transition before and after two hours of cycling at 90% of the estimated power output at first ventilatory threshold (VT1). Results Power output at the moderate-to-heavy intensity transition significantly decreased following acute prolonged exercise when determined using expired gases (VT1, 217 ± 42 W vs. 196 ± 42 W, P < 0.0001) and blood lactate concentrations (LoglogLT, 212 ± 47 W vs. 190 ± 47 W, P = 0.004). This was attributable to loss of efficiency (VT1, -8 ± 10 W; LoglogLT, − 7 ± 9 W) and rates of metabolic energy expenditure at the transition (VT1, − 14 ± 11 W; LoglogLT, − 15 ± 22 W). The heart rate associated with the moderate-to-heavy intensity transition increased following acute prolonged exercise (VT1, 142 ± 9 beats.min−1 vs. 151 ± 12 beats.min−1, P < 0.001; LoglogLT, 140 ± 13 beats.min−1 vs. 150 ± 15 beats.min−1, P = 0.006). Conclusion These results demonstrate the external work output at the moderate-to-heavy intensity transition decreases during prolonged exercise due to decreased efficiency and rates of metabolic energy expenditure, but the associated heart rate increases. Therefore, individual assessments of athlete ‘durability’ are warranted. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00421-022-05036-9.
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Mao J, Wang T, Zhang L, Li Q, Bo S. Comparison of the acute physiological and perceptual responses between resistance-type and cycling high-intensity interval training. Front Physiol 2022; 13:986920. [PMID: 36160857 PMCID: PMC9500456 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.986920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to compare the acute physiological and perceptual responses between resistance-type high-intensity interval training (R-HIIT)and cycling high-intensity interval training (C-HIIT). Methods: Twelve healthy and active men randomly performed C-HIIT and R-HIIT. The C-HIIT protocol was performed on a cycle ergometer and consisted of ten 60 s working intervals at 90% PPO separated by a 60 s active recovery at 25% PPO. The R-HIIT protocol consisted of ten 60 s working intervals (barbell back squat with a load of 20% bodyweight, maximum 30 reps) separated by 60 s passive recovery period in an unloaded standing position. Oxygen consumption (V˙O2), heart rate (HR), energy expenditure (EE) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured during exercise. Blood lactate concentration (Blac), serum testosterone and cortisol, and heart rate variability (HRV) were measured before and after exercise. Results: Peak (p < 0.05) and average V˙O2 (p < 0.001), aerobic (p < 0.001) and total EE (p < 0.05) were higher during C-HIIT compared to R-HIIT. Blac after exercise (p < 0.05) and anaerobic glycolytic EE (p < 0.05) during exercise were higher in R-HIIT compared to C-HIIT. No differences (p > 0.05) in peak and average HR, serum testosterone and cortisol, HRV, and RPE responses were observed between C-HIIT and R-HIIT. Conclusion: The R-HIIT protocol can elicit similar cardiovascular, hormones, and perceptual responses as C-HIIT but with a higher contribution to the anaerobic glycolysis energy system. In contrast, C-HIIT is superior to R-HIIT for increasing oxygen consumption during exercise. Therefore, the two types of HIIT may lead to different metabolic and neuromuscular adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Mao
- College of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Physical Education, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Li
- College of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Shumin Bo
- College of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shumin Bo,
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Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness and Critical Neural Microdamage-Derived Neuroinflammation. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091207. [PMID: 36139045 PMCID: PMC9496513 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Piezo2 transmembrane excitatory mechanosensitive ion channels were identified as the principal mechanotransduction channels for proprioception. Recently, it was postulated that Piezo2 channels could be acutely microdamaged on an autologous basis at proprioceptive Type Ia terminals in a cognitive demand-induced acute stress response time window when unaccustomed or strenuous eccentric contractions are executed. One consequence of this proposed transient Piezo2 microinjury could be a VGLUT1/Ia synaptic disconnection on motoneurons, as we can learn from platinum-analogue chemotherapy. A secondary, harsher injury phase with the involvement of polymodal Aδ and nociceptive C-fibers could follow the primary impairment of proprioception of delayed onset muscle soreness. Repetitive reinjury of these channels in the form of repeated bout effects is proposed to be the tertiary injury phase. Notably, the use of proprioception is associated with motor learning and memory. The impairment of the monosynaptic static phase firing sensory encoding of the affected stretch reflex could be the immediate consequence of the proposed Piezo2 microdamage leading to impaired proprioception, exaggerated contractions and reduced range of motion. These transient Piezo2 channelopathies in the primary afferent terminals could constitute the critical gateway to the pathophysiology of delayed onset muscle soreness. Correspondingly, fatiguing eccentric contraction-based pathological hyperexcitation of the Type Ia afferents induces reactive oxygen species production-associated neuroinflammation and neuronal activation in the spinal cord of delayed onset muscle soreness.
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Schaffarczyk M, Rogers B, Reer R, Gronwald T. Validity of the Polar H10 Sensor for Heart Rate Variability Analysis during Resting State and Incremental Exercise in Recreational Men and Women. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22176536. [PMID: 36081005 PMCID: PMC9459793 DOI: 10.3390/s22176536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) is frequently applied in sport-specific settings. The rising use of freely accessible applications for its recording requires validation processes to ensure accurate data. It is the aim of this study to compare the HRV data obtained by the Polar H10 sensor chest strap device and an electrocardiogram (ECG) with the focus on RR intervals and short-term scaling exponent alpha 1 of Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA a1) as non-linear metric of HRV analysis. A group of 25 participants performed an exhaustive cycling ramp with measurements of HRV with both recording systems. Average time between heartbeats (RR), heart rate (HR) and DFA a1 were recorded before (PRE), during, and after (POST) the exercise test. High correlations were found for the resting conditions (PRE: r = 0.95, rc = 0.95, ICC3,1 = 0.95, POST: r = 0.86, rc = 0.84, ICC3,1 = 0.85) and for the incremental exercise (r > 0.93, rc > 0.93, ICC3,1 > 0.93). While PRE and POST comparisons revealed no differences, significant bias could be found during the exercise test for all variables (p < 0.001). For RR and HR, bias and limits of agreement (LoA) in the Bland−Altman analysis were minimal (RR: bias of 0.7 to 0.4 ms with LoA of 4.3 to −2.8 ms during low intensity and 1.3 to −0.5 ms during high intensity, HR: bias of −0.1 to −0.2 ms with LoA of 0.3 to −0.5 ms during low intensity and 0.4 to −0.7 ms during high intensity). DFA a1 showed wider bias and LoAs (bias of 0.9 to 8.6% with LoA of 11.6 to −9.9% during low intensity and 58.1 to −40.9% during high intensity). Linear HRV measurements derived from the Polar H10 chest strap device show strong agreement and small bias compared with ECG recordings and can be recommended for practitioners. However, with respect to DFA a1, values in the uncorrelated range and during higher exercise intensities tend to elicit higher bias and wider LoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelle Schaffarczyk
- Department Sports and Exercise Medicine, Institute of Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, 20148 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Bruce Rogers
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Rüdiger Reer
- Department Sports and Exercise Medicine, Institute of Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, 20148 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Gronwald
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
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Effect of vibroacoustic stimulation on athletes recovering from exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:2427-2435. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bamert M, Inauen J. Physiological stress reactivity and recovery: Some laboratory results transfer to daily life. Front Psychol 2022; 13:943065. [PMID: 36046406 PMCID: PMC9421134 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.943065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is a prevalent theme in our daily lives and is related to numerous negative health outcomes. Laboratory research has studied the physiological stress response extensively with objective measures such as vagally-mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV). Recently, the vagal tank theory emerged as a promising approach to predicting adaptive vmHRV levels around stressful events. This study aimed to investigate whether the predictions of the vagal tank theory about vmHRV during stress reactivity and recovery translate into naturalistic stressful events in daily life. Sixty-seven students wore an EcgMove 4 sensor for 4 days to measure vmHRV. Through a combination of device-based and self-report assessment, vmHRV data were segmented into before, during, and after stressful events. VmHRV segments were analyzed with multilevel modeling, accounting for physiological and psychological covariates. VmHRV before stressful events predicted more adaptive vmHRV during the event but not vmHRV recovery afterwards. The results therefore partially support the vagal tank theory's predictions with data from daily life and allow recommendations for future studies of real-world stress reactivity and recovery. The value of intraindividual variations in vmHRV as predictors of adaptive stress response is underscored by these findings and could inform future interventions that seek to increase momentary vmHRV.
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Špenko M, Potočnik I, Edwards I, Potočnik N. Training History, Cardiac Autonomic Recovery from Submaximal Exercise and Associated Performance in Recreational Runners. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9797. [PMID: 36011428 PMCID: PMC9408689 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of prolonged exertion on cardiac parasympathetic (cPS) reorganization and associated aerobic performance in response to repeated short-lasting submaximal exercise bouts (SSE) performed for 7 days following prolonged exertion. In 19 recreational runners, heart rate (HR) and HR variability (HRV) indices (lnRMSSD, lnHF, and lnLF/HF) were monitored pre- and post-submaximal graded cycling performed on consecutive days following a half-marathon (HM) and compared with the baseline, pre-HM values. Additionally, HR recovery (HRR), aerobic performance, and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were determined. HR, HRV indices, and HRR were tested for correlation with exercise performance. A significant time effect was found in HR, HRR, and HRV indices as well as in aerobic performance and RPE during the study period. Most of the measured parameters differed from their baseline values only on the same day following HM. However, HRR and HR measured in recovery after SSE were additionally affected one day following the half-marathon yet in opposite directions to those recorded on the same day as the HM. Thus, postSSE HR and HRR exhibited a bivariate time response (postSSE HR: 102 ± 14 bpm; p < 0.001; 82 ± 11 bpm; p = 0.007 vs. 88 ± 11 bpm; HRR in 30 s after SSE cessation: 14.9 ± 4.9 bpm; p < 0.001; 30.1 ± 13.3 bpm; p = 0.006 vs. 24.4 ± 10.8 bpm), potentially indicating a cPS dysfunction phase on the same day and cPS rebound phase one day following HM reflected also in consecutive changes in aerobic power. Correlations were found between the changes in measured cardiac indices with respect to baseline and the changes in aerobic performance indices throughout the study period. The effect of exercise history on cPS reorganization is more pronounced in response to SSE than at rest. Accordingly, we conclude that SSE performed repeatedly on a daily basis following prolonged exertion offers a noninvasive tool to evaluate the impact of training history on cPS recovery and associated aerobic power output in recreational athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matic Špenko
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ivana Potočnik
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ian Edwards
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Nejka Potočnik
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Physiology, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Carbohydrate Rinse Fails to Enhance Cycling Performance or Alter Metabolic and Autonomic Recovery in Recreational Cyclists. J Hum Kinet 2022; 83:109-119. [PMID: 36157941 PMCID: PMC9465746 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2022-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinsing on autonomic and metabolic recovery as well as cycling performance. Ten male recreational cyclists (age = 30 ± 6 years, VO2peak = 54.5 ± 8.1 mL·kg-1·min-1) completed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover designed study. A CHO or a placebo (PLA) rinse was administered every 12.5% of a work to completion trial (75%Wmax). Heart rate variability (lnRMSSD), the respiratory exchange ratio, and plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, insulin, glucose, free fatty acids (FFA), and lactate were measured pre- and post-exercise. The CHO rinse did not improve time to completion of the test trial (CHO: 4108 ± 307 s, PLA: 4176 ± 374 s, p = 0.545). Further, the CHO rinse did not impact autonomic recovery, as measured by lnRMSSD (p = 0.787) and epinephrine (p = 0.132). Metabolic biomarkers were also unaffected by the CHO rinse, with no differences observed in responses of FFA (p = 0.064), lactate (p = 0.302), glucose (p = 0.113) or insulin (p = 0.408). Therefore, the CHO mouth rinse does not reduce the acute sympathetic response following strenuous exercise and does not result in improvements in cycling time to completion.
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The relationship between cardiac damage biomarkers and heart rate variability following 60 min of running. Clin Auton Res 2022; 32:249-260. [PMID: 35877021 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-022-00878-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endurance exercise may cause transient alterations in cardiac tissue. The number of studies evaluating the relationship between changes in heart rate variability (HRV) and cardiac biomarkers following an endurance event is limited. We hypothesized that there would be a time-dependent correlation between biomarkers of cardiac damage and the reduction in parasympathetic indices of HRV within 24 h after 60 min of running in middle-aged recreational runners. METHODS The trained, middle-aged runners who participated in this study ran 60 min at a half-marathon pace on a treadmill. Blood samples (before and 0, 4, and 24 h after the running test) and HRV data (before and 0, 1, 4, and 24 h after the running test) were obtained. RESULTS After running, cardiac biomarkers (total creatine kinase, cardiac isoform of creatine kinase, creatine kinase-index [CK-Index], cardiac troponin [cTnI]) increased significantly, and HRV measures related to parasympathetic nervous system activity decreased significantly; these measures returned to baseline levels within 24 h. Finally, there were significant correlations (all p < 0.05) between the change (4 h post-running vs. pre-running) in the CK-Index and the changes (post- vs pre-running) in time-domain and nonlinear measures of HRV (r - 0.61 to - 0.67). In addition, significant correlations (all p < 0.05) were found between the area under the cTnI curve and change (1-h post- and pre-running) in time-domain and nonlinear measures of HRV (r - 0.48 to - 0.51). CONCLUSIONS The correlation between HRV and cardiac biomarkers indicates that HRV analysis may be an alternative approach to determine the magnitude of cardiac stress after endurance exercises.
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Isotemporal Associations of Device-Measured Sedentary Time and Physical Activity with Cardiac-Autonomic Regulation in Previously Pregnant Women. Int J Behav Med 2022:10.1007/s12529-022-10113-6. [PMID: 35819720 PMCID: PMC9832172 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-022-10113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High sedentary time (ST) and low physical activity may increase cardiovascular risk, potentially though cardiac-autonomic dysregulation. This study investigated associations of statistically exchanging device-measured ST and physical activity with measures of cardiac-autonomic regulation in previously pregnant women. METHOD This cross-sectional, secondary analysis included 286 women (age = 32.6 ± 5.7 years; 68% white) measured 7-15 years after delivery. ST and light (LPA), moderate (MPA), vigorous (VPA), and moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA) intensity physical activity were measured by ActiGraph GT3X. ST was further partitioned into long (≥ 30 min) and short (< 30 min) bouts. MVPA was also partitioned into long (≥ 10 min) and short (< 10 min) bouts. Cardiac-autonomic regulation was assessed by heart rate variability (HRV) (resting heart rate, natural log transformed standard deviation of normal R-R intervals [lnSDNN], natural log-transformed root mean square of successive differences [lnRMSSD]) from a 5-min seated ECG. Progressive isotemporal substitution models adjusted for confounders. Sensitivity analyses removed women with related underlying medical conditions and who did not meet respiration rate criteria. RESULTS Initial analyses found no significant associations with HRV when exchanging 30 min of ST and physical activity (p > 0.05). Yet, replacing long- and short-bout ST with 30 min of long-bout MVPA yielded significantly higher (healthier) lnRMSSD (B = 0.063 ± 0.030 and B = 0.056 ± 0.027, respectively; both p < 0.05). Sensitivity analyses strengthened these associations and yielded further associations of higher lnSDNN and lnRMSSD when replacing 30 min of short-bout MVPA with equivalent amounts of long-bout MVPA (B = 0.074 ± 0.037 and B = 0.091 ± 0.046, respectively). CONCLUSION Replacing ST with long-bout MVPA is a potential strategy to improve cardiac-autonomic function in previously pregnant women.
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