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Stewart R, Conway DI, Macpherson LMD, Sherriff A. Obesity and dental caries in childhood: trends in prevalence and socioeconomic inequalities-a multicohort population-wide data linkage study. Arch Dis Child 2024; 109:642-648. [PMID: 38724064 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2023-326587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To quantify levels of coexisting obesity and caries experience in children in Scotland, and any associated socioeconomic inequalities over the years 2011/2012-2017/2018. DESIGN A multicohort population-wide data linkage study. SETTING Local authority primary schools in Scotland. PATIENTS 335 361 primary 1 (approximately 5 years old) schoolchildren in Scotland between 2011/2012 and 2017/2018. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence and inequalities in coexisting caries and obesity. RESULTS The prevalence of coexisting obesity and caries experience was 3.4% (n=11 494 of 335 361) and did not change over the 7 years. Children living in the 20% most deprived areas had more than sixfold greater odds of coexisting obesity and caries experience than children from the 20% least deprived areas (adjusted OR=6.63 (95% CI=6.16 to 7.14; p<0.001)). There was a large persistent socioeconomic gradient across the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation groups, with the Slope and Relative Indices of Inequality remaining unchanged over the 7 cohort years. CONCLUSIONS Despite improvements in oral health in children in Scotland, the prevalence of coexisting obesity and caries experience has remained static, with large persistent inequalities. These conditions are likely to signal increased risk of chronic conditions including multimorbidity in adulthood and therefore early identification of children most at risk and timely intervention tackling common risk factors should be developed and evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Stewart
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - David I Conway
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lorna M D Macpherson
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Andrea Sherriff
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Atef Abdelsattar Ibrahim H, Abdallah Nasr R, Adel Salama A, Ahmed Amin A. Childhood malnutrition and hypo mineralized molar defects ;a cross sectional study, Egypt. F1000Res 2022; 10:1307. [PMID: 35087669 PMCID: PMC8764560.2 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.74557.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Malnutrition is well-known to yield high morbidities and it has pre-eruptive and post-eruptive consequences. The objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of Hypomineralized Second Primary Molars (HSPM), Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) and dental caries in malnourished children, as well as addressing the relation between types of malnutrition and the dental morbidities. Methods: This is a cross sectional analytical study. A consecutive sample of 54 malnourished cases aged 5-10 years and presented to the Outpatient Clinic of Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University across 6 months period were examined for HSPM, MIH – using the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry criteria - and dental Caries using def/ DMF indices. Outcomes were the presence or absence of MIH and HSPM and their levels measured as percentage as well as Caries Indices. Exposures were types of malnutrition and the socioeconomic status.
Results
: The mean age of study participants was 7.10 ± 1.34 years. HSPM and MIH were found in 47.2% and 45.2% of the study participants respectively, while dental caries was observed in 83% and 64.3% for primary and permanent teeth respectively. There was co-occurrence between HSPM and MIH in 39% of the cases. HSPM level was significantly different in various types of malnutrition. It showed significant difference between the stunted group (median HSPM of 14.2%) and the overweight or obese group (median HSPM of 0.0%) (P value 0.01). MIH level showed significant differences between the stunted group (median MIH of 19.4%) and overweight or obese group (median MIH of 0.0%) (p value 0.001), as well as between the stunted group (median MIH of 19.4%) and wasted group (median MIH of 0.0%) (p value 0.025). Conclusions
: Malnourished children have high prevalence of dental abnormalities. HSPM could expect the presence of MIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Atef Abdelsattar Ibrahim
- Lecturer, Pediatric Clinical Nutrition department, Pediatric department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo University, Cairo, Cairo, 12613, Egypt
| | - Rania Abdallah Nasr
- Associate Professor , Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University., Cairo university, Cairo, Cairo, 12613, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Adel Salama
- Lecturer, Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University., Cairo University, Cairo, Cairo, 12613, Egypt
| | - Aya Ahmed Amin
- Assistant lecturer, Cancer Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo University, Cairo, Cairo, 12613, Egypt
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Kotsanos N, Sulyanto R, Ng MW. Dental Caries Prevention in Children and Adolescents. Pediatr Dent 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78003-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Early Childhood Caries in Obese Children: The Status and Associated Factors in the Suburban Areas in Hanoi, Vietnam. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168844. [PMID: 34444591 PMCID: PMC8394207 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and early childhood caries are two prominent health problems affecting the majority of children worldwide. Thus, early childhood caries in obese children must be studied. This study was conducted to investigate the status of early childhood caries in obese children in Hanoi, Vietnam, and its associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 234 obese children, 234 normal children (non-obese) aged 36 to 71 months, and their mothers at some kindergartens in Hanoi. Study subjects were randomly selected with similarities in age, gender, and study location. Decayed tooth of children was detected by clinical examination and Diagnodent Kavo 2190 machine of Germany. In addition, a questionnaire for their mothers was used to find out related factors. We found that, in the Obese Group, the rate of early childhood caries (ECC), severe-early childhood caries (S-ECC), dmft index (the number of decayed teeth, teeth lost due to cavities, filled decayed teeth or filled cavity), and dmfs index (the number of surfaces of the teeth decay, surfaces of teeth were lost due to cavities, surfaces of filled decayed teeth) were 82.91%, 59.83%, 6.84 ± 4.92, and 9.10 ± 7.48, respectively. In the Normal Group, these rates were smaller than in the Obese Group, but the difference was not statistically significant. Regarding related factors, the hobby of drinking soft drinks, the habits and frequency of drinking milk at night and eating sweet marshmallows were associated with ECC in the Obese Group with p < 0.05. In conclusion, the higher rates of ECC were seen in obese children, with eating hobbies and habits being the related factors. Therefore, it is necessary to have appropriate policies and effective communication strategies to minimize ECC in the future.
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García-Pola M, González-Díaz A, García-Martín JM. Effect of a Preventive Oral Health Program Starting during Pregnancy: A Case-Control Study Comparing Immigrant and Native Women and Their Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4096. [PMID: 33924511 PMCID: PMC8069462 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate whether including pregnant women in a preventive dental program prevented the appearance of caries in their children up to the age of 6, and whether the effect was similar in children of immigrant and non-immigrant women. In phase I, 90 pregnant women, 45 immigrants and 45 natives, were taught about the development and prevention of caries. In phase II the oral health of their children at the age of 6 (n = 90) was evaluated, along with a control group of children of natives and immigrants of the same age (n = 90). A survey was used to determine participants' backgrounds and habits. A multivariate study of the results was performed using R-core software. The number of children without caries was 128 (71.1%), whereas 52 (28.9%) had caries, 15 from the protocol (16.67%) and 37 from the control group (41.11%), with statistically significant differences (p < 0.001). The mean number of caries for the children in the protocol was 0.62 ± 2 and in the control group it was 1.88 ± 2.9 (p = 0.001). In the multivariate analysis the risk of developing caries was higher for the condition of being the child of an immigrant (OR = 11.137), inadequate oral health (OR = 4.993), the children being overweight at the age of 6 (OR = 10.680), and the consumption of candies (OR = 5.042). In conclusion, the preventive protocols started during pregnancy reduced caries in participants' children, which suggests that these protocols should be encouraged. Because immigrant children are more vulnerable to caries, they and their parents should be included in preventive programs once they arrive in the host country.
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Affiliation(s)
- María García-Pola
- Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (A.G.-D.); (J.M.G.-M.)
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Garrido-Miguel M, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Oliveira A, Martínez-Andrés M, Sequí-Domínguez I, Hernández-Castillejo LE, Cavero-Redondo I. Prevalence and trends of underweight in European children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3611-3624. [PMID: 33779808 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed at providing prevalence trend estimates of underweight among children and adolescents in Europe from 2000 to 2017. METHODS MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus and CINAHL were searched from their inception up to March 2020. Moreover, searches were conducted on health institutions' websites to identify studies not published in scientific journals. Underweight was defined according to the body mass index (BMI) cut-offs proposed by the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) and the World Health Organization (WHO) definition criteria. The Mantel-Haenszel method was used to compute the pooled prevalence estimates whenever there was no evidence of heterogeneity; otherwise, the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects method was used. Subgroup analyses by sex, age range (2-13 and 14-18 years old), study year (2000-2006 and 2007-2017), country and European region were conducted. RESULTS A total of 49 studies with data from 323,420 children and adolescents aged 2 to 18 years, from 26 countries were included. From 2000 to 2017, according to the IOTF criteria, the prevalence of underweight showed an increasing trend in Eastern, Northern and Southern Europe, where the underweight prevalence ranged from 9.1 to 12.0%, from 4.1 to 6.8%, and from 5.8 to 6.7%, respectively. In Western Europe, the prevalence of underweight tended to decrease, from 14.0 to 11.8%. No significant differences were found by sex or age range. CONCLUSION The prevalence of underweight is considerable (overall, around 8-9%), particularly in Eastern Europe, and follows a slight upward trend during the past decade. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42017056924.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Garrido-Miguel
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, C/ Santa Teresa Jornet, s/n, 16071, Cuenca, Spain.,Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Faculty of Nursing, Albacete, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, C/ Santa Teresa Jornet, s/n, 16071, Cuenca, Spain. .,Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Talca, Chile.
| | - Andreia Oliveira
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto [Institute of Public Health, University of Porto], Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - María Martínez-Andrés
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, C/ Santa Teresa Jornet, s/n, 16071, Cuenca, Spain.,Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Faculty of Nursing, Albacete, Spain
| | - Irene Sequí-Domínguez
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, C/ Santa Teresa Jornet, s/n, 16071, Cuenca, Spain
| | | | - Iván Cavero-Redondo
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, C/ Santa Teresa Jornet, s/n, 16071, Cuenca, Spain.,Universidad Politécnica y Artística del Paraguay, Asunción, Paraguay
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Lee ZL, Gan WY, Lim PY, Hasan R, Lim SY. Associations of nutritional status, sugar and second-hand smoke exposure with dental caries among 3- to 6-year old Malaysian pre-schoolers: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:164. [PMID: 32493338 PMCID: PMC7268511 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01152-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries in primary teeth is a serious oral health concern among children. It can lead to detrimental impacts on a child's growth, development, and quality of life. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to examine the prevalence of dental caries and its associations with nutritional status, sugar and second-hand smoke exposure among pre-schoolers. METHODS A total of 26 pre-schools in Seremban, Malaysia were randomly selected using the probability proportional to size sampling. Dental examination was performed by a dentist to record the number of decayed teeth (dt). Weight and height of the pre-schoolers were measured. The mother-administered questionnaire was used to gather information pertaining to the sociodemographic characteristics and second-hand smoke exposure. Total sugar exposure was calculated from a 3-day food record. RESULTS Among the 396 participating pre-schoolers, 63.4% of them had at least one untreated caries, with a mean ± SD dt score of 3.56 ± 4.57. Negative binomial regression analysis revealed that being a boy (adjusted mean ratio = 1.42, 95% CI = 0.005-0.698, p = 0.047), exposed to second-hand smoke (adjusted mean ratio = 1.67, 95% CI = 0.168-0.857, p = 0.004) and those who had more than 6 times of daily total sugar exposure (adjusted mean ratio = 1.93, 95% CI = 0.138-0.857, p = 0.013) were significantly associated with dental caries among pre-schoolers. CONCLUSION A high prevalence of dental caries was reported in this study. This study highlights the need to reduce exposure to second-hand smoke and practice healthy eating behaviours in reducing the risk of dental caries among pre-schoolers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Ling Lee
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Wan Ying Gan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Poh Ying Lim
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Ruhaya Hasan
- School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sing Ying Lim
- Department of Paediatric Dental, Tuanku Ja'afar Hospital, Jalan Rasah, Bukit Rasah, 70300, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
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Garrido-Miguel M, Cavero-Redondo I, Álvarez-Bueno C, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Moreno LA, Ruiz JR, Ahrens W, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Prevalence and Trends of Overweight and Obesity in European Children From 1999 to 2016: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr 2019; 173:e192430. [PMID: 31381031 PMCID: PMC6686782 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.2430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Studies of trends in excess weight among European children throughout the last few decades have rendered mixed results. Additionally, some studies were outdated, were based on self-reported weight and height, or included only a few European countries. OBJECTIVE To assess prevalence trends in measured overweight and obesity among children across Europe from 1999 to 2016 using a systematic methodology. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched from their inception until May 2018. Moreover, searches were conducted on health institutions' websites to identify studies not published in scientific journals. STUDY SELECTION The inclusion criteria were: (1) studies reporting the population-based prevalence of excess weight (overweight plus obesity) or obesity according to body mass index cutoffs proposed by the International Obesity Task Force; (2) cross-sectional or follow-up studies; and (3) studies including populations aged 2 to 13 years. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Literature review and data extraction followed established guidelines. The Mantel-Haenszel method was used to compute the pooled prevalence estimates and their 95% CI whenever there was no evidence of heterogeneity (I2 < 50%); otherwise, the DerSimonian and Laird random-effects method was used. Subgroup analyses by study year, country, or European region (Atlantic, Iberian, Central, and Mediterranean) were conducted. Prevalence estimates were calculated as an aggregate mean, weighted by the sample size and the number of individuals in each study. RESULTS A total of 103 studies (477 620 children aged 2 to 13 years) with data from 28 countries were included. The combined prevalence of overweight and obesity in the Iberian region tended to decrease from 30.3% (95% CI, 28.3%-32.3%) to 25.6% (95% CI, 19.7%-31.4%) but tended to increase in the Mediterranean region from 22.9% (95% CI, 17.9%-27.9%) to 25.0% (95% CI, 14.5%-35.5%). No substantial changes were observed in Atlantic Europe or Central Europe, where the overweight and obesity prevalence changed from 18.3% (95% CI, 14.0%-23.9%) to 19.3% (95% CI, 17.7%-20.9%) and from 15.8% (95% CI, 13.4%-18.5%) to 15.3% (95% CI, 11.6%-20.3%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity is very high, but trends have stabilized in most European countries. There are substantial between-country differences in the current levels and trends of overweight and obesity. The rising prevalence in some Mediterranean countries is worrisome. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO identifier: CRD42017056924.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iván Cavero-Redondo
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Celia Álvarez-Bueno
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain,CIBERESP and IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A. Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain ,Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; ,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonatan R. Ruiz
- Promoting Fitness And Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology–BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Health and Social Research Center, Cuenca, Spain,Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Talca, Chile
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Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among European Preschool Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression by Food Group Consumption. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071698. [PMID: 31340602 PMCID: PMC6682909 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review was to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among European children aged 2–7 years from 2006 to 2016 and to analyze these estimations by gender, country, and food group consumption. We searched CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases from their inception until 27 February 2019 including cross-sectional studies and baseline measurements of cohort studies with overweight and obesity defined according to the International Obesity Task Force criteria. Both the inverse-variance fixed-effects method and the DerSimonian and Laird random effects method were used to determinate pooled prevalence estimates and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 32 studies (n = 197,755 children) with data from 27 European countries were included. Overall, the pooled prevalence estimates of overweight/obesity in European children (aged 2–7 years) during the period 2006–2016 was 17.9% (95% CI: 15.8–20.0), and the pooled prevalence estimate of obesity was 5.3% (95% CI: 4.5–6.1). Southern European countries showed the highest prevalence of excess weight. Additional measures to address the obesity epidemic in early life should be established, especially in European countries where the prevalence of excess weight is very high.
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Sharma B, Indushekar KR, Saraf BG, Sardana D, Sheoran N, Mavi S. Are dental caries and overweight/obesity interrelated? A cross-sectional study in rural and urban preschool children. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2019; 37:224-231. [PMID: 31584020 DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_140_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and dental caries are two distinct diseases which are somewhat preventable through a common risk factor approach, as they have common underlying etiological factor, i.e., high sugar intake. AIM The aim of the study is to examine the correlation between dental caries and body mass index (BMI) in rural and urban areas of Hisar (Haryana, India) and intercompare their correlations. SETTINGS AND DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study in rural and urban preschool children of Hisar, Haryana. METHODS A total of 500 urban and 500 rural children (age group 3-6 years) were selected from schools of Hisar and the values of their mean BMI and mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft) (using the World Health Organization criteria, 2005) were compared using independent sample t-test among different groups and subgroups. Pearson correlation coefficients between dmft and BMI were calculated for groups and subgroups and intercompared. RESULTS Males had significantly higher BMI than females (P < 0.05) and urban preschool children had significantly higher BMI than rural preschool children (P < 0.05). Mean deft was statistically non-significant across the genders and both geographical areas. Non-significant negative correlation was observed between dmft and BMI across different areas and genders. The overall prevalence of obesity/overweight was 20.2% (25.6% urban preschool children; 14.8% rural preschool children). More rural preschool children were underweight (23.8%) than urban preschool children (14.4%) with the overall prevalence of underweight being 19.1%. CONCLUSIONS There was no significant correlation between dental caries and BMI in preschool children of rural and urban areas. Obesity/overweight was more prevalent in urban preschool children, whereas rural preschool children predominantly were underweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavika Sharma
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - K R Indushekar
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Bhavna Gupta Saraf
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Divesh Sardana
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India; Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Neha Sheoran
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Sudha Rustagi Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Sunny Mavi
- Department of Periodontics, Sudha Rustagi Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
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Zhou N, Zhu H, Chen Y, Jiang W, Lin X, Tu Y, Chen D, Chen H. Dental caries and associated factors in 3 to 5-year-old children in Zhejiang Province, China: an epidemiological survey. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:9. [PMID: 30630468 PMCID: PMC6329098 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-018-0698-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries in preschool children is prevalent worldwide, but data regarding its magnitude and associated factors were not available for preschool children in Zhejiang Province, China. This study examines the dental caries situation and its associated factors in Zhejiang Province. METHODS A total of 1591 children aged 3-5 years and their parents or caregivers were enrolled in this study. The condition of their teeth was assessed by three dental technicians qualified to WHO 2013 criteria. A structured questionnaire was completed by the children's parents or caregivers. A logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors that may be associated with dental caries occurring among preschool children. RESULTS Caries prevalence (dmft> 0) of 3-5 year old children in Zhejiang Province was 70.4%. The mean decayed, missing and filled teeth (dmft) scores of the 3, 4 or 5 year old children surveyed were 2.96 ± 4.07, 4.42 ± 4.66, and 5.75 ± 5.19 respectively. The negative binomial regression model found that higher dental caries prevalence was found in children as age increased, with lower body mass index (BMI), with longer breastfeeding duration and with fewer hours of sleep. CONCLUSIONS The dental caries prevalence and dmft score of 3-5-year-old children in Zhejiang Province was high, and it was associated with age, BMI, breastfeeding duration and hours slept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhou
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Medical College, Zhejiang University, 395 Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Haihua Zhu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Medical College, Zhejiang University, 395 Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yadong Chen
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Medical College, Zhejiang University, 395 Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Medical College, Zhejiang University, 395 Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Lin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Medical College, Zhejiang University, 395 Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Tu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Medical College, Zhejiang University, 395 Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dingwan Chen
- Hangzhou Medical College, 481 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Medical College, Zhejiang University, 395 Yan'an Road, Hangzhou, China
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Chen D, Zhi Q, Zhou Y, Tao Y, Wu L, Lin H. Association between Dental Caries and BMI in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Caries Res 2018; 52:230-245. [PMID: 29353283 DOI: 10.1159/000484988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the association between dental caries and body mass index (BMI) in children has shown contradictory results; thus we aimed to examine the association between dental caries and the full range of BMI classes among children. We comprehensively searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for studies published prior to March 2017. Articles comparing dental caries among the full range of BMI classes for children below 18 years of both genders were included. Fourteen studies were eligible for this study. Basic information - i.e., first author, published year, study design, country, sample size, age, type of dental caries index and BMI, main results and conclusions, and means and standard deviations of the dental caries indexes used - was pooled. The weighted mean differences and corresponding 95% confidence intervals for dental caries between children with abnormal weight and those with normal weight were analyzed. Generally, no significant differences in caries were found between any abnormal-weight group and the normal-weight group for both primary and permanent teeth. Sensitivity analyses showed that the obese group had more caries than the normal-weight group in their primary teeth. Significantly more caries was found among the overweight and obese children in both primary and permanent teeth in high-income countries, but not in low- and middle-income countries. We recommend that further studies use suitable sample sizes, unify the criteria for BMI categorization and the dental caries index, and investigate the confounding factors that might influence dental caries and BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongru Chen
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Song IS, Han K, Ryu JJ, Park JB. Association between underweight and tooth loss among Korean adults. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41524. [PMID: 28128349 PMCID: PMC5288795 DOI: 10.1038/srep41524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in the relationship between body mass index and oral health. Previous study showed that being underweight was significantly associated with having lower masticatory performance. This study was performed to assess the relationship between an underweight body mass index lower than 18.5 and the number of natural teeth using nationally representative data. Initially, a total of 25,534 individuals were candidates in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The analysis in this study was confined to 17,870 subjects who were 19 years or older and without missing values for outcome variables. Body mass index and number of natural teeth were evaluated. Multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk of tooth loss in relation to body mass index. Adjusted odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals for chewing discomfort in individuals who were underweight, normal, overweight, obese, and extremely obese were 1.712(1.156–2.535), 1.111(0.939–1.315), 1(reference), 0.949(0.798–1.128), and 1.172(0.807–1.700), respectively, after adjustment. The association between underweight and tooth loss was proven by multiple logistic regression analyses after adjusting for confounding factors. Underweight may be considered a potential risk indicator for tooth loss in Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Seok Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jun Ryu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Beom Park
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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