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Krishnan A, Chew PKH. Impact of Social Media Addiction and Internet Gaming Disorder on Sleep Quality: Serial Mediation Analyses. Psychiatr Q 2024; 95:185-202. [PMID: 38512552 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-024-10068-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Poor sleep quality is a concerning and prevalent consequence of social media addiction (SMA) and internet gaming disorder (IGD). Due to the lack of research examining how SMA and IGD lead to poor sleep quality, the current study aimed to understand the relationship between SMA and sleep quality, as well as that between IGD and sleep quality, through impulse control and bedtime procrastination. The study tested the hypotheses that higher levels of SMA and IGD would predict lower levels of impulse control, which would then predict higher levels of bedtime procrastination, leading to poorer sleep quality. A serial mediation analysis was performed with a sample of 221 participants (63.3% females, 34.4% males, and 2.3% prefer not to say) aged 18 to 53 years (M = 23.64, SD = 5.72). Participants completed questionnaires that assessed for social media addiction, internet gaming disorder, impulse control factor, bedtime procrastination, and sleep quality. There was a full serial mediation of impulse control and bedtime procrastination in the relationship between SMA and sleep quality, as well as that between IGD and sleep quality, providing support for the hypotheses. The findings provide the knowledge needed to develop and implement strategies that target impulse control issues and reduce bedtime procrastination to improve sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Krishnan
- College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, 149 Sims Drive, Singapore, 387380, Singapore.
- Department of Psychology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Peter K H Chew
- College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, 149 Sims Drive, Singapore, 387380, Singapore
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Kil H, Sibalis A, Colasante T, Jambon M, Acland E, Suri A, Malti T, Andrade BF. Physiological Dysregulation in Children With and Without Externalizing Difficulties: Novel Insights From Intensive Longitudinal Data. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024; 52:21-33. [PMID: 37266759 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Extant research on physiological dysregulation in children has focused on point-in-time measures and absolute mean levels of physiology. However, these methods do not capture dynamic fluctuations in physiology that characterize dysregulation. In the present work, we aimed to assess whether physiological dysregulation as captured by fluctuations rather than mean levels would differentiate between children with and without clinically elevated levels of externalizing behavior. As an exploratory approach, we examined fluctuations in children's physiological responses (i.e., root mean square of successive differences [RMSSD] in beat-to-beat heart rate intervals) to social transgression scenarios across 15 short-term measurement occasions (5-second bins). Controlling for mean RMSSD, as well as emotional and cognitive correlates of externalizing behavior (i.e., sympathy and inhibitory control), children with externalizing difficulties exhibited greater within-person fluctuations in RMSSD (i.e., physiological dysregulation) compared to children without externalizing difficulties. The present findings provide preliminary support for using intensive longitudinal data comprised of short-term physiological measurements and point to the centrality of within-child physiological variability as a marker of dysregulation, particularly amongst children with externalizing disorders for whom self-regulation is a core challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hali Kil
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
- McCain Centre for Child, Youth, and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Annabel Sibalis
- McCain Centre for Child, Youth, and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tyler Colasante
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Centre for Child Development, Mental Health, & Policy (CCDMP), University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
| | - Marc Jambon
- Department of Psychology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Erinn Acland
- School of Psychoeducation, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Anjali Suri
- McCain Centre for Child, Youth, and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tina Malti
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Centre for Child Development, Mental Health, & Policy (CCDMP), University of Toronto , Toronto, Canada
| | - Brendan F Andrade
- McCain Centre for Child, Youth, and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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3
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Roos CR, Harp NR, Vafaie N, Gueorguieva R, Frankforter T, Carroll KM, Kober H. Randomized trial of mindfulness- and reappraisal-based regulation of craving training among daily cigarette smokers. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2023; 37:829-840. [PMID: 37535555 PMCID: PMC10834831 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Craving predicts smoking, yet existing interventions may not adequately target regulation of craving. We evaluated two versions of regulation of craving-training (ROC-T), a computerized intervention with intensive practice of strategies when exposed to smoking-related images. METHOD Ninety-two nicotine-dependent daily smokers were randomized to mindfulness-based therapy (MBT) ROC-T focusing on mindful acceptance, and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) ROC-T focusing on reappraisal or no intervention control. The ROC task was administered pre- and postintervention to assess changes in cue-induced craving and mindfulness- and reappraisal-based regulation of craving. RESULTS MBT and CBT-versus control-showed significantly greater reductions in smoking during the intervention phase (baseline to Week 4), corresponding to large (d = -1.08, 95% CI [-1.64, -0.52]) and medium-to-large effect sizes (d = -0.69, 95% CI [-1.22, -0.15]), respectively. During follow-up (Week 4-16), CBT showed significant increases in smoking, whereas MBT and control did not. For the entire study (baseline to Week 16), MBT showed significantly greater reductions in smoking compared to control (d = -1.6, 95% CI [-2.56, -0.66]) but CBT was not significantly different than control (d = -0.82, 95% CI [-1.77, 0.13]). There were no effects on smoking when directly comparing MBT and CBT. Quit rates were low across the sample, with no difference among conditions. MBT and CBT-versus control-significantly reduced cue-induced craving. CBT (but not MBT)-versus control-significantly improved reappraisal-based regulation of craving. Both MBT and CBT-versus control-significantly improved mindfulness-based regulation of craving. CONCLUSIONS MBT- and CBT-ROC-T may reduce cue-induced craving and smoking, and MBT may be more durable than CBT. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey R. Roos
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hedy Kober
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine
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Jovanova M, Cosme D, Doré B, Kang Y, Stanoi O, Cooper N, Helion C, Lomax S, McGowan AL, Boyd ZM, Bassett DS, Mucha PJ, Ochsner KN, Lydon-Staley DM, Falk EB. Psychological distance intervention reminders reduce alcohol consumption frequency in daily life. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12045. [PMID: 37491371 PMCID: PMC10368637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38478-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Modifying behaviors, such as alcohol consumption, is difficult. Creating psychological distance between unhealthy triggers and one's present experience can encourage change. Using two multisite, randomized experiments, we examine whether theory-driven strategies to create psychological distance-mindfulness and perspective-taking-can change drinking behaviors among young adults without alcohol dependence via a 28-day smartphone intervention (Study 1, N = 108 participants, 5492 observations; Study 2, N = 218 participants, 9994 observations). Study 2 presents a close replication with a fully remote delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic. During weeks when they received twice-a-day intervention reminders, individuals in the distancing interventions reported drinking less frequently than on control weeks-directionally in Study 1, and significantly in Study 2. Intervention reminders reduced drinking frequency but did not impact amount. We find that smartphone-based mindfulness and perspective-taking interventions, aimed to create psychological distance, can change behavior. This approach requires repeated reminders, which can be delivered via smartphones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Jovanova
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
| | - Danielle Cosme
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Bruce Doré
- Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yoona Kang
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Ovidia Stanoi
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Nicole Cooper
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Chelsea Helion
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Silicia Lomax
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Amanda L McGowan
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Zachary M Boyd
- Mathematics Department, Brigham Young University, Provo, USA
| | - Dani S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, USA
| | - Peter J Mucha
- Department of Mathematics, Dartmouth College, Hanover, USA
| | - Kevin N Ochsner
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - David M Lydon-Staley
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Emily B Falk
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
- Wharton Marketing Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
- Wharton Operations, Information and Decisions Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
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Lopez RB, Ochsner KN, Kober H. Brief training in regulation of craving reduces cigarette smoking. J Subst Abuse Treat 2022; 138:108749. [PMID: 35216868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2022.108749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Craving is an important contributing factor in cigarette smoking and has been added as a diagnostic criterion for addiction in the DSM-5. Cognitive-behavioral therapy and other treatments that incorporate craving regulation strategies reduce smoking and the likelihood of relapse. Although this finding suggests that the regulation of craving is an important mechanism underlying smoking cessation, whether targeted interventions that train smokers to regulate craving can directly impact real-world smoking behaviors is unclear. METHOD Across two pilot studies (N = 33; N = 60), we tested whether a brief, computer-delivered training session in the cognitive regulation of craving altered subsequent smoking behaviors in daily life. The study first randomly assigned participants to either a no training (control) group, or one of two Regulation of Craving Training (ROC-T) conditions. Next, all participants came into the lab and those assigned to ROC-T conditions were trained to implement a cognitive strategy to regulate their craving, by either focusing on the negative consequences of smoking, or by distracting themselves. Then, these participants underwent ROC-T during which they practiced using the strategy to regulate their craving during cue exposure. The study subsequently assessed participants' smoking via daily diaries for 3-6 days, and via self-report up to 1-month follow-up. RESULTS Across both studies, ROC-T conditions were associated with significant reductions in average cigarettes smoked per day, with effects persisting through follow-up. CONCLUSION These results confirm that the regulation of craving is an important mechanism of smoking cessation, and can be targeted via easily administered training procedures, such as ROC-T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard B Lopez
- Department of Psychology, Bard College, Annandale on Hudson, NY, USA
| | - Kevin N Ochsner
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hedy Kober
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Abstract
Importance Craving, which is a strong desire for drugs, is a new DSM-5 diagnostic criterion for substance use disorders (SUDs), which are the most prevalent, costly, and deadly forms of psychopathology. Despite decades of research, the roles of drug cues and craving in drug use and relapse remain controversial. Objective To assess whether 4 types of drug cue and craving indicators, including cue exposure, physiological cue reactivity, cue-induced craving, and self-reported craving (without cue exposure), are prospectively associated with drug use and relapse. Data Sources Google Scholar was searched for published studies from inception through December 31, 2018. In addition, backward and forward searches were performed on included articles to identify additional articles. Study Selection Included studies reported a prospective statistic that linked cue and craving indicators at time 1 to drug use or relapse at time 2, in humans. Data Extraction and Synthesis The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Study characteristics and statistics were extracted and/or coded by 1 of the 2 authors and then checked by the other. Statistical analyses were performed from May to July 2021. Main Outcomes and Measures Random-effects models were used to calculate prospective odds ratios (ORs) representing the association between cue and craving indicators and subsequent drug use/relapse. Results A total of 18 205 records were identified, and 237 studies were included. Across 656 statistics, representing 51 788 human participants (21 216 with confirmed SUDs), a significant prospective association of all cue and craving indicators with drug use/relapse was found (OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.94-2.15), such that a 1-unit increase in cue and craving indicators was associated with more than double the odds of future drug use or relapse. A Rosenthal fail-safe analysis revealed that 180 092 null studies would need to be published to nullify this finding. Trim-and-fill analysis brought the adjusted effect size to an OR of 1.31 (95% CI, 1.25-1.38). Moderator analyses showed that some of the strongest associations were found for cue-induced craving, real cues or images, drug use outcome, same-day time lag, studies using ecological momentary assessment, and male participants. Conclusions and Relevance Findings from this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that drug cue and craving indicators play significant roles in drug use and relapse outcomes and are an important mechanism underlying SUDs. Clinically, these results support incorporating craving assessment across stages of treatment, as early as primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilofar Vafaie
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hedy Kober
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Yen CF, Ko CH, Hsu CY, Wu HC, Yang YY, Wang PW. A Pilot Randomized Control Study on Effect Brief Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback as a Complementary Treatment in Men with Methamphetamine Use Disorder. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:5230. [PMID: 35564623 PMCID: PMC9105208 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the efficacy of heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVBFB) intervention in terms of reducing craving, severity of dependence, and rate of positive methamphetamine urine testing in men taking part in a methamphetamine use disorder outpatient treatment program. Sixty-one adult men received either HRVBFB treatment plus treatment as usual (TAU) over four weeks or TAU only. Men receiving HRVBFB showed significantly greater reductions in craving, dependence severity, and the rate of positive methamphetamine urine testing at the end of the intervention and four weeks of follow-up. The analyses further showed that the levels of craving and dependence severity at treatment entry were predictive of changes in craving and dependence severity at the end of treatment and follow-up, respectively. The baseline status of a positive methamphetamine urine test only predicted a positive methamphetamine urine test at the end of treatment, not at the end of the follow-up period. Our results showed HRVBFB intervention has merits as an adjunct treatment to ameliorate cravings and reduce the severity of dependence experienced by persons with methamphetamine use disorder. An added value of HRVBFB intervention is the fact that it can be easily and affordably implemented in everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Fang Yen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-F.Y.); (C.-H.K.); (Y.-Y.Y.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Ko
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-F.Y.); (C.-H.K.); (Y.-Y.Y.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yao Hsu
- Department of Addiction Science, Kai-Suan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung 80276, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (H.-C.W.)
| | - Hung-Chi Wu
- Department of Addiction Science, Kai-Suan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung 80276, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (H.-C.W.)
| | - Yu-Yi Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-F.Y.); (C.-H.K.); (Y.-Y.Y.)
| | - Peng-Wei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (C.-F.Y.); (C.-H.K.); (Y.-Y.Y.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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Scherer EA, Metcalf SA, Whicker CL, Bartels SM, Grabinski M, Kim SJ, Sweeney MA, Lemley SM, Lavoie H, Xie H, Bissett PG, Dallery J, Kiernan M, Lowe MR, Onken L, Prochaska JJ, Stoeckel LE, Poldrack RA, MacKinnon DP, Marsch LA. Momentary Influences on Self-Regulation in Two Populations With Health Risk Behaviors: Adults Who Smoke and Adults Who Are Overweight and Have Binge-Eating Disorder. Front Digit Health 2022; 4:798895. [PMID: 35373179 PMCID: PMC8971561 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2022.798895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Self-regulation has been implicated in health risk behaviors and is a target of many health behavior interventions. Despite most prior research focusing on self-regulation as an individual-level trait, we hypothesize that self-regulation is a time-varying mechanism of health and risk behavior that may be influenced by momentary contexts to a substantial degree. Because most health behaviors (e.g., eating, drinking, smoking) occur in the context of everyday activities, digital technologies may help us better understand and influence these behaviors in real time. Using a momentary self-regulation measure, the current study (which was part of a larger multi-year research project on the science of behavior change) used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to assess if self-regulation can be engaged and manipulated on a momentary basis in naturalistic, non-laboratory settings. Methods This one-arm, open-label exploratory study prospectively collected momentary data for 14 days from 104 participants who smoked regularly and 81 participants who were overweight and had binge-eating disorder. Four times per day, participants were queried about momentary self-regulation, emotional state, and social and environmental context; recent smoking and exposure to smoking cues (smoking sample only); and recent eating, binge eating, and exposure to binge-eating cues (binge-eating sample only). This study used a novel, momentary self-regulation measure comprised of four subscales: momentary perseverance, momentary sensation seeking, momentary self-judgment, and momentary mindfulness. Participants were also instructed to engage with Laddr, a mobile application that provides evidence-based health behavior change tools via an integrated platform. The association between momentary context and momentary self-regulation was explored via mixed-effects models. Exploratory assessments of whether recent Laddr use (defined as use within 12 h of momentary responses) modified the association between momentary context and momentary self-regulation were performed via mixed-effects models. Results Participants (mean age 35.2; 78% female) in the smoking and binge-eating samples contributed a total of 3,233 and 3,481 momentary questionnaires, respectively. Momentary self-regulation subscales were associated with several momentary contexts, in the combined as well as smoking and binge-eating samples. For example, in the combined sample momentary perseverance was associated with location, positively associated with positive affect, and negatively associated with negative affect, stress, and tiredness. In the smoking sample, momentary perseverance was positively associated with momentary difficulty in accessing cigarettes, caffeine intake, and momentary restraint in smoking, and negatively associated with temptation and urge to smoke. In the binge-eating sample, momentary perseverance was positively associated with difficulty in accessing food and restraint in eating, and negatively associated with urge to binge eat. While recent Laddr use was not associated directly with momentary self-regulation subscales, it did modify several of the contextual associations, including challenging contexts. Conclusions Overall, this study provides preliminary evidence that momentary self-regulation may vary in response to differing momentary contexts in samples from two exemplar populations with risk behaviors. In addition, the Laddr application may modify some of these relationships. These findings demonstrate the possibility of measuring momentary self-regulation in a trans-diagnostic way and assessing the effects of momentary, mobile interventions in context. Health behavior change interventions may consider measuring and targeting momentary self-regulation in addition to trait-level self-regulation to better understand and improve health risk behaviors. This work will be used to inform a later stage of research focused on assessing the transdiagnostic mediating effect of momentary self-regulation on medical regimen adherence and health outcomes. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT03352713.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Scherer
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Stephen A Metcalf
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States.,Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cady L Whicker
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Sophia M Bartels
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States.,Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Michael Grabinski
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Sunny Jung Kim
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.,Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Mary Ann Sweeney
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Shea M Lemley
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Hannah Lavoie
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States.,Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Haiyi Xie
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Patrick G Bissett
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jesse Dallery
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Michaela Kiernan
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Michael R Lowe
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Lisa Onken
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Judith J Prochaska
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Luke E Stoeckel
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Russell A Poldrack
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - David P MacKinnon
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Lisa A Marsch
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, United States
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9
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Dauber S, Beacham A, Hammond C, West A, Thrul J. Adaptive Text Messaging for Postpartum Risky Drinking: Conceptual Model and Protocol for an Ecological Momentary Assessment Study (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e36849. [PMID: 35373778 PMCID: PMC9016512 DOI: 10.2196/36849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Risky drinking is prevalent among women of childbearing age. Although many women reduce their drinking during pregnancy, more than half return to prepregnancy levels during the early postpartum period. Risky drinking in new mothers may be associated with negative child and maternal health outcomes; however, new mothers are unlikely to seek treatment for risky drinking because of stigma and fear of child protective service involvement. SMS text messaging is a promising approach for reaching non–treatment-seeking new mothers at risk because of risky drinking. SMS text messaging interventions (TMIs) are empirically supported for alcohol use, but a tailored intervention for new mothers does not exist. This study aims to fill this gap by developing a just-in-time adaptive TMI for postpartum risky drinking. Objective The objectives of this paper are to present a preliminary conceptual model of postpartum risky drinking and describe the protocol for conducting an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study with new mothers to inform the refinement of the conceptual model and development of the TMI. Methods This paper presents a preliminary conceptual model of postpartum risky drinking based on the motivational model of alcohol use, social cognitive theory, and temporal self-regulation theory. The model proposes three primary intervention targets: motivation, self-efficacy, and self-regulation. Theoretical and empirical literature in support of the conceptual model is described. The paper also describes procedures for a study that will collect EMA data from 30 participants recruited via social media and the perinatal Central Intake system of New Jersey. Following the baseline assessment, EMA surveys will be sent 5 times per day for 14 days. The assessment instruments and data analysis procedures are described. Results Recruitment is scheduled to begin in January 2022 and is anticipated to conclude in March 2022. Study results are estimated to be published in July 2022. Conclusions The study findings will enhance our understanding of daily and momentary fluctuations in risk and protective factors for risky drinking during the early postpartum period. The findings will be used to refine the conceptual model and inform the development of the TMI. The next steps for this work include the development of intervention components via an iterative participatory design process and testing of the resulting intervention in a pilot microrandomized trial. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/36849
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Dauber
- Partnership to End Addiction, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alexa Beacham
- Partnership to End Addiction, New York, NY, United States
| | - Cori Hammond
- Partnership to End Addiction, New York, NY, United States
| | - Allison West
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Johannes Thrul
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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10
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Bettis AH, Burke TA, Nesi J, Liu RT. Digital Technologies for Emotion-Regulation Assessment and Intervention: A Conceptual Review. Clin Psychol Sci 2022; 10:3-26. [PMID: 35174006 PMCID: PMC8846444 DOI: 10.1177/21677026211011982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The ability to regulate emotions in response to stress is central to healthy development. While early research in emotion regulation predominantly employed static, self-report measurement, the past decade has seen a shift in focus toward understanding the dynamic nature of regulation processes. This is reflected in recent refinements in the definition of emotion regulation, which emphasize the importance of the ability to flexibly adapt regulation efforts across contexts. The latest proliferation of digital technologies employed in mental health research offers the opportunity to capture the state- and context-sensitive nature of emotion regulation. In this conceptual review, we examine the use of digital technologies (ecological momentary assessment; wearable and smartphone technology, physical activity, acoustic data, visual data, and geo-location; smart home technology; virtual reality; social media) in the assessment of emotion regulation and describe their application to interventions. We also discuss challenges and ethical considerations, and outline areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Richard T Liu
- Harvard Medical School
- Massachusetts General Hospital
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11
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Cavicchioli M, Ogliari A, Movalli M, Maffei C. Persistent Deficits in Self-Regulation as a Mediator between Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms and Substance Use Disorders. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:1837-1853. [PMID: 36096483 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2120358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The link between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorders (SUDs) has been largely demonstrated. Some scholars have hypothesized that self-regulation mechanisms might play a key role in explaining this association. Objective(s): The current study tested the hypothesis that retrospective childhood ADHD symptoms might lead to more severe SUDs and this association should be mediated by current self-ratings of behavioral disinhibition, inattention, and emotional dysregulation among 204 treatment-seeking adults (male: 67.3%; female: 32.7%) with a primary diagnosis of alcohol use disorder and other SUDs. Methods: The mediational model was estimated through self-report measures of childhood ADHD symptoms (independent variable; WURS), current self-regulation mechanisms (mediators)-behavioral disinhibition (BIS-11 motor subscale), difficulties with attention regulation (MAAS) and emotion regulation (DERS)-and severity of SUDs (dependent variable; SPQ alcohol, illicit and prescribed drugs). Results: The analysis showed that alterations in the self-regulation system fully mediated the association between the severity of childhood ADHD symptoms and SUDs in adulthood. Behavioral disinhibition and difficulties in attention regulation were the most representative alterations in self-regulation processes that explained this association. Conclusions: These findings suggest it is useful to implement several therapeutic approaches (e.g. behavioral, mindfulness-based, and pharmacological) to increase the self-regulation abilities of children and adolescents with ADHD in order to reduce the probability of SUD onset in adulthood. However, future longitudinal neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies are needed to further support the role of self-regulation mechanisms in explaining the prospective association between childhood ADHD symptoms and SUDs in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cavicchioli
- Department of Psychology, University "Vita-Salute San Raffaele", Milan, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, San Raffaele-Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Ogliari
- Unit of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, San Raffaele-Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy.,Child in Mind Lab, University "Vita-Salute San Raffaele", Milan, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Movalli
- Department of Psychology, University "Vita-Salute San Raffaele", Milan, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, San Raffaele-Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare Maffei
- Department of Psychology, University "Vita-Salute San Raffaele", Milan, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, San Raffaele-Turro Hospital, Milan, Italy
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12
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Roos CR, Sala M, Kober H, Vanzhula IA, Levinson CA. Mindfulness-based interventions for eating disorders: The potential to mobilize multiple associative-learning change mechanisms. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54:1601-1607. [PMID: 34061387 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Mindfulness is a two-component skill that includes mindful awareness (attentional monitoring of present moment experience) and mindful acceptance (adopting an attitude of acceptance toward this experience). Although mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are efficacious for many conditions, there is a lack of research on MBIs for eating disorders (EDs). We propose that MBIs may be promising for EDs given their potential to mobilize not one, but multiple associative-learning change mechanisms in EDs-defined as adaptive processes of change involving one of two forms of associative-learning: Pavlovian and operant learning. We hypothesize how MBIs-via increasing either mindful awareness or mindful acceptance-may mobilize up to eight associative-learning change mechanisms, two involving Pavlovian learning, and six involving operant learning. We also elaborate on similarities and differences between MBIs and CBT approaches for EDs, as well as opportunities for synergy. Finally, we present recommendations for future research related to the development and evaluation of novel MBI interventions for EDs and the testing of mechanisms and patient-treatment matching hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey R Roos
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Margaret Sala
- Yeshiva University, Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Hedy Kober
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Irina A Vanzhula
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Cheri A Levinson
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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