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Fernandez SA, Pelaez-Prestel HF, Ras-Carmona A, Mozas-Gutierrez J, Reyes-Manzanas R, Reche PA. Eucalyptus Essential Oil Inhibits Cell Infection by SARS-CoV-2 Spike Pseudotyped Lentivirus. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1885. [PMID: 39200349 PMCID: PMC11351113 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains a public health concern due to infections with new SARS-CoV-2 variants. Therefore, finding effective preventive and therapeutic treatments against all SARS-CoV-2 variants is of great interest. In this study, we examined the capacity of eucalyptus essential oil (EEO) and eucalyptol (EOL) to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, using as a model SARS-CoV-2 Spike pseudotyped lentivirus (SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus) and 293T cells transfected with human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2-293T cells). First, we determined the cytotoxicity of EEO and EOL using the MTT colorimetric assay, selecting non-cytotoxic concentrations ≤ 0.1% (v/v) for further analysis. Subsequently, we evaluated the capacity of EEO and EOL in cell cultures to preclude infection of hACE2-293T cells by SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus, using a luciferase-based assay. We found that EEO and EOL significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection, obtaining IC50 values of 0.00895% and 0.0042% (v/v), respectively. Likewise, EEO and EOL also reduced infection by vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) pseudovirus, although higher concentrations were required. Hence, EEO and EOL may be able to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection, at least partially, through a Spike-independent pathway, supporting the implementation of aromatherapy with these agents as a cost-effective antiviral measure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Raquel Reyes-Manzanas
- Department of Immunology & O2, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Pza Ramon y Cajal, S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.F.); (H.F.P.-P.); (A.R.-C.); (J.M.-G.)
| | - Pedro A. Reche
- Department of Immunology & O2, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Pza Ramon y Cajal, S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.F.); (H.F.P.-P.); (A.R.-C.); (J.M.-G.)
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2
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Ishihara Y, Naruse H, Fujigaki H, Murakami R, Ando T, Sakurai K, Uehara K, Shimomae K, Sakaguchi E, Hattori H, Sarai M, Ishii J, Fujii R, Ito H, Saito K, Izawa H. Humoral and Cellular Response Induced by Primary Series and Booster Doses of mRNA Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease: A Longitudinal Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:786. [PMID: 39066424 PMCID: PMC11281625 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12070786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Preexisting cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a pivotal risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We investigated the longitudinal (over 1 year and 9 months) humoral and cellular responses to primary series and booster doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in patients with CVD. Twenty-six patients with CVD who received monovalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccines were enrolled in this study. Peripheral blood samples were serially drawn nine times from each patient. IgG against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The numbers of interferon-γ-releasing cells in response to SARS-CoV-2 peptides were measured using an enzyme-linked immunospot assay. The RBD-IgG titers increased 2 weeks after the primary series and booster vaccination and waned 6 months after vaccination. The S1-specific T cell responses in patients aged < 75 years were favorable before and after booster doses; however, the Omicron BA.1-specific T cell responses were poor. These results suggest that regular vaccination is useful to maintain long-term antibody levels and has implications for booster dose strategies in patients with CVD. Additional booster doses, including Omicron variant-adapted mRNA vaccines, may be recommended for patients with CVD, regardless of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Ishihara
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan;
| | - Hiroyuki Naruse
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (E.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Hidetsugu Fujigaki
- Department of Advanced Diagnostic System Development, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (H.F.); (K.S.)
| | - Reiko Murakami
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan;
| | - Tatsuya Ando
- Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (T.A.); (K.S.); (H.I.)
| | - Kouhei Sakurai
- Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (T.A.); (K.S.); (H.I.)
| | - Komei Uehara
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University Graduate of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.U.); (K.S.)
| | - Koki Shimomae
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University Graduate of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.U.); (K.S.)
| | - Eirin Sakaguchi
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (E.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Hidekazu Hattori
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (E.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Masayoshi Sarai
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (M.S.); (J.I.); (H.I.)
| | - Junnichi Ishii
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (M.S.); (J.I.); (H.I.)
| | - Ryosuke Fujii
- Department of Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan;
| | - Hiroyasu Ito
- Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (T.A.); (K.S.); (H.I.)
| | - Kuniaki Saito
- Department of Advanced Diagnostic System Development, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (H.F.); (K.S.)
| | - Hideo Izawa
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (M.S.); (J.I.); (H.I.)
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3
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Li HJ, Yang QC, Yao YY, Huang CY, Yin FQ, Xian-Yu CY, Zhang C, Chen SJ. COVID-19 vaccination effectiveness and safety in vulnerable populations: a meta-analysis of 33 observational studies. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1144824. [PMID: 37426814 PMCID: PMC10326898 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1144824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Even 3 years into the COVID-19 pandemic, questions remain about how to safely and effectively vaccinate vulnerable populations. A systematic analysis of the safety and efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine in at-risk groups has not been conducted to date. Methods: This study involved a comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Controlled Trial Registry data through 12 July 2022. Post-vaccination outcomes included the number of humoral and cellular immune responders in vulnerable and healthy populations, antibody levels in humoral immune responders, and adverse events. Results: A total of 23 articles assessing 32 studies, were included. The levels of IgG (SMD = -1.82, 95% CI [-2.28, -1.35]), IgA (SMD = -0.37, 95% CI [-0.70, -0.03]), IgM (SMD = -0.94, 95% CI [-1.38, -0.51]), neutralizing antibodies (SMD = -1.37, 95% CI [-2.62, -0.11]), and T cells (SMD = -1.98, 95% CI [-3.44, -0.53]) were significantly lower in vulnerable than in healthy populations. The positive detection rates of IgG (OR = 0.05, 95% CI [0.02, 0.14]) and IgA (OR = 0.03, 95% CI [0.01, 0.11]) antibodies and the cellular immune response rates (OR = 0.20, 95% CI [0.09, 0.45]) were also lower in the vulnerable populations. There were no statistically significant differences in fever (OR = 2.53, 95% CI [0.11, 60.86]), chills (OR = 2.03, 95% CI [0.08, 53.85]), myalgia (OR = 10.31, 95% CI [0.56, 191.08]), local pain at the injection site (OR = 17.83, 95% CI [0.32, 989.06]), headache (OR = 53.57, 95% CI [3.21, 892.79]), tenderness (OR = 2.68, 95% CI [0.49, 14.73]), and fatigue (OR = 22.89, 95% CI [0.45, 1164.22]) between the vulnerable and healthy populations. Conclusion: Seroconversion rates after COVID-19 vaccination were generally worse in the vulnerable than healthy populations, but there was no difference in adverse events. Patients with hematological cancers had the lowest IgG antibody levels of all the vulnerable populations, so closer attention to these patients is recommended. Subjects who received the combined vaccine had higher antibody levels than those who received the single vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jun Li
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Qi-Chao Yang
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Yang-Yang Yao
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Cheng-Yang Huang
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Fu-Qiang Yin
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Chen-Yang Xian-Yu
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Shao-Juan Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
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Ong'era EM, Mohammed KS, Makori TO, Bejon P, Ocholla-Oyier LI, Nokes DJ, Agoti CN, Githinji G. High-throughput sequencing approaches applied to SARS-CoV-2. Wellcome Open Res 2023. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18701.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing is crucial for surveillance and control of viral outbreaks. During the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, advances in the high-throughput sequencing technology resources have enhanced diagnosis, surveillance, and vaccine discovery. From the onset of the pandemic in December 2019, several genome-sequencing approaches have been developed and supported across the major sequencing platforms such as Illumina, Oxford Nanopore, PacBio, MGI DNBSEQTM and Ion Torrent. Here, we share insights from the sequencing approaches developed for sequencing of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) between December 2019 and October 2022.
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Majid S, Khan MS, Nisar N, Bhat JA, Haq I, Khan SMS. Impact of clinico-biochemical and inflammatory biomarkers on the immunogenicity and efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 adenoviral vaccine: a longitudinal study. J Circ Biomark 2023; 12:34-43. [PMID: 37744159 PMCID: PMC10515580 DOI: 10.33393/jcb.2023.2480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Due to a lack of effective antiviral treatment, several vaccines have been put forth to curb SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection and to reduce the mortality and morbidity rate by eliciting a protective immune response, primarily through virus-neutralizing antibodies specific for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. This longitudinal study was designed to evaluate the vaccine effectiveness and immune response following the administration of adenoviral vaccine, COVISHIELD, in Indian population who were previously uninfected with SARS-CoV-2 and to reveal the effect of various sociodemographic, inflammatory and biochemical factors on antibody response. Methods Briefly, the total immunoglobulin G (IgG) against SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid protein along with the immunological markers were estimated by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) technology. Biochemical parameters were estimated by spectrometry. Results A total of 348 subjects received two doses of COVISHIELD (224 males, 124 females). The mean age of the study subjects was 42.03 ± 13.54 years. Although both the doses of COVISHIELD against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induced a robust immune response that lasted for months in all the subjects, the total IgG titer against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was found significantly higher in subjects ≥50 years of age, and those with obesity, elevated triglycerides and elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels. Conclusions There is a definite effect of age and biochemical factors on the immunogenicity of COVISHIELD. An understanding of these factors could not only impact the design of vaccines and help improve vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy but also assist in decisions on vaccination schedules, in order to combat this deadly pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabhiya Majid
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College and Associated SMHS and Super Speciality Hospital, Srinagar, J&K - India
| | - Mosin S Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College and Associated SMHS and Super Speciality Hospital, Srinagar, J&K - India
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College Baramulla and Associated Hospitals, Baramulla, J&K - India
| | - Najila Nisar
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College and Associated SMHS and Super Speciality Hospital, Srinagar, J&K - India
| | - Javid A Bhat
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College and Associated SMHS and Super Speciality Hospital, Srinagar, J&K - India
| | - Inaamul Haq
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Government Medical College Srinagar and Associated SMHS and Super Speciality Hospital, Srinagar, J&K - India
| | - S Muhammad Salim Khan
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Government Medical College Srinagar and Associated SMHS and Super Speciality Hospital, Srinagar, J&K - India
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6
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Chavda VP, Yao Q, Vora LK, Apostolopoulos V, Patel CA, Bezbaruah R, Patel AB, Chen ZS. Fast-track development of vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: The shots that saved the world. Front Immunol 2022; 13:961198. [PMID: 36263030 PMCID: PMC9574046 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.961198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In December 2019, an outbreak emerged of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which leads to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The World Health Organisation announced the outbreak a global health emergency on 30 January 2020 and by 11 March 2020 it was declared a pandemic. The spread and severity of the outbreak took a heavy toll and overburdening of the global health system, particularly since there were no available drugs against SARS-CoV-2. With an immediate worldwide effort, communication, and sharing of data, large amounts of funding, researchers and pharmaceutical companies immediately fast-tracked vaccine development in order to prevent severe disease, hospitalizations and death. A number of vaccines were quickly approved for emergency use, and worldwide vaccination rollouts were immediately put in place. However, due to several individuals being hesitant to vaccinations and many poorer countries not having access to vaccines, multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants quickly emerged that were distinct from the original variant. Uncertainties related to the effectiveness of the various vaccines against the new variants as well as vaccine specific-side effects have remained a concern. Despite these uncertainties, fast-track vaccine approval, manufacturing at large scale, and the effective distribution of COVID-19 vaccines remain the topmost priorities around the world. Unprecedented efforts made by vaccine developers/researchers as well as healthcare staff, played a major role in distributing vaccine shots that provided protection and/or reduced disease severity, and deaths, even with the delta and omicron variants. Fortunately, even for those who become infected, vaccination appears to protect against major disease, hospitalisation, and fatality from COVID-19. Herein, we analyse ongoing vaccination studies and vaccine platforms that have saved many deaths from the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek P. Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Qian Yao
- Graduate School, University of St. La Salle, Bacolod City, Philippines
| | | | | | - Chirag A. Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajashri Bezbaruah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Aayushi B. Patel
- Pharmacy Section, LM. College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, NY, United States
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7
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Lin C, Wang W, Li M, Lin Y, Yang Z, Urbina AN, Assavalapsakul W, Thitithanyanont A, Chen K, Kuo C, Lin Y, Hsiao H, Lin K, Lin S, Chen Y, Yu M, Su L, Wang S. Boosting the detection performance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 test through a sensitive optical biosensor with new superior antibody. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 8:e10410. [PMID: 36248235 PMCID: PMC9538096 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus emerged in late 2019 leading to the COVID-19 disease pandemic that triggered socioeconomic turmoil worldwide. A precise, prompt, and affordable diagnostic assay is essential for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 as well as its variants. Antibody against SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein was reported as a suitable strategy for therapy and diagnosis of COVID-19. We, therefore, developed a quick and precise phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance (PS-SPR) biosensor integrated with a novel generated anti-S monoclonal antibody (S-mAb). Our results indicated that the newly generated S-mAb could detect the original SARS-CoV-2 strain along with its variants. In addition, a SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus, which could be processed in BSL-2 facility was generated for evaluation of sensitivity and specificity of the assays including PS-SPR, homemade target-captured ELISA, spike rapid antigen test (SRAT), and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Experimentally, PS-SPR exerted high sensitivity to detect SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus at 589 copies/ml, with 7-fold and 70-fold increase in sensitivity when compared with the two conventional immunoassays, including homemade target-captured ELISA (4 × 103 copies/ml) and SRAT (4 × 104 copies/ml), using the identical antibody. Moreover, the PS-SPR was applied in the measurement of mimic clinical samples containing the SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus mixed with nasal mucosa. The detection limit of PS-SPR is calculated to be 1725 copies/ml, which has higher accuracy than homemade target-captured ELISA (4 × 104 copies/ml) and SRAT (4 × 105 copies/ml) and is comparable with qRT-PCR (1250 copies/ml). Finally, the ability of PS-SPR to detect SARS-CoV-2 in real clinical specimens was further demonstrated, and the assay time was less than 10 min. Taken together, our results indicate that this novel S-mAb integrated into PS-SPR biosensor demonstrates high sensitivity and is time-saving in SARS-CoV-2 virus detection. This study suggests that incorporation of a high specific recognizer in SPR biosensor is an alternative strategy that could be applied in developing other emerging or re-emerging pathogenic detection platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih‐Yen Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and BiotechnologyKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease ResearchKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Wen‐Hung Wang
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease ResearchKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- School of Medicine, College of MedicineNational Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Division of Infection Disease, Department of Internal MedicineKaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Meng‐Chi Li
- Thin Film Technology CenterNational Central UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
- Optical Sciences CenterNational Central UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Ting Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and BiotechnologyKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease ResearchKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Zih‐Syuan Yang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and BiotechnologyKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease ResearchKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Aspiro Nayim Urbina
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease ResearchKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | | | | | - Kai‐Ren Chen
- Department of Optics and PhotonicsNational Central UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Chien‐Cheng Kuo
- Thin Film Technology CenterNational Central UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
- Department of Optics and PhotonicsNational Central UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | | | - Hui‐Hua Hsiao
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal MedicineKaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Kun‐Der Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and MetabolismKaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Shang‐Yi Lin
- Division of Infection Disease, Department of Internal MedicineKaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
- Department of Laboratory MedicineKaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Yen‐Hsu Chen
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease ResearchKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- School of Medicine, College of MedicineNational Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Division of Infection Disease, Department of Internal MedicineKaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Ming‐Lung Yu
- School of Medicine, College of MedicineNational Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Hepatobiliary Section, Department of Internal Medicine, and Hepatitis CenterKaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
| | - Li‐Chen Su
- General Education CenterMing Chi University of TechnologyNew Taipei CityTaiwan
- Organic Electronics Research CenterMing Chi University of TechnologyNew Taipei CityTaiwan
| | - Sheng‐Fan Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and BiotechnologyKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease ResearchKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
- Department of Medical ResearchKaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiungTaiwan
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8
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Rabiee N, Ahmadi S, Soufi GJ, Hekmatnia A, Khatami M, Fatahi Y, Iravani S, Varma RS. Quantum dots against SARS-CoV-2: diagnostic and therapeutic potentials. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (OXFORD, OXFORDSHIRE : 1986) 2022; 97:1640-1654. [PMID: 35463806 PMCID: PMC9015521 DOI: 10.1002/jctb.7036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The application of quantum dots (QDs) for detecting and treating various types of coronaviruses is very promising, as their low toxicity and high surface performance make them superior among other nanomaterials; in conjugation with fluorescent probes they are promising semiconductor nanomaterials for the detection of various cellular processes and viral infections. In view of the successful results for inhibiting SARS-CoV-2, functional QDs could serve eminent role in the growth of safe nanotherapy for the cure of viral infections in the near future; their large surface areas help bind numerous molecules post-synthetically. Functionalized QDs with high functionality, targeted selectivity, stability and less cytotoxicity can be employed for highly sensitive co-delivery and imaging/diagnosis. Besides, due to the importance of safety and toxicity issues, QDs prepared from plant sources (e.g. curcumin) are much more attractive, as they provide good biocompatibility and low toxicity. In this review, the recent developments pertaining to the diagnostic and inhibitory potentials of QDs against SARS-CoV-2 are deliberated including important challenges and future outlooks. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Rabiee
- Department of PhysicsSharif University of TechnologyTehranIran
- School of EngineeringMacquarie UniversitySydneyAustralia
| | - Sepideh Ahmadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Ali Hekmatnia
- School of MedicineIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Mehrdad Khatami
- Non‐communicable Diseases Research CenterBam University of Medical SciencesBamIran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical SciencesTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
| | - Yousef Fatahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of PharmacyTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of PharmacyTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and MaterialsCzech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in OlomoucOlomoucCzech Republic
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9
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Soto JA, Díaz FE, Retamal-Díaz A, Gálvez NMS, Melo-González F, Piña-Iturbe A, Ramírez MA, Bohmwald K, González PA, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM. BCG-Based Vaccines Elicit Antigen-Specific Adaptive and Trained Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and Andes orthohantavirus. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050721. [PMID: 35632475 PMCID: PMC9143576 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a live attenuated vaccine mainly administered to newborns and used for over 100 years to prevent the disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb). This vaccine can induce immune response polarization towards a Th1 profile, which is desired for counteracting M. tb, other mycobacteria, and unrelated intracellular pathogens. The vaccine BCG has been used as a vector to express recombinant proteins and has been shown to protect against several diseases, particularly respiratory viruses. Methods: BCG was used to develop recombinant vaccines expressing either the Nucleoprotein from SARS-CoV-2 or Andes orthohantavirus. Mice were immunized with these vaccines with the aim of evaluating the safety and immunogenicity parameters. Results: Immunization with two doses of 1 × 108 CFU or one dose of 1 × 105 CFU of these BCGs was safe in mice. A statistically significant cellular immune response was induced by both formulations, characterized as the activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Stimulation with unrelated antigens resulted in increased expression of activation markers by T cells and secretion of IL-2 and IFN-γ, while increased secretion of IL-6 was found for both recombinant vaccines; all of these parameters related to a trained immunity profile. The humoral immune response elicited by both vaccines was modest, but further exposure to antigens could increase this response. Conclusions: The BCG vaccine is a promising platform for developing vaccines against different pathogens, inducing a marked antigen-specific immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A. Soto
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Portugal 49, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (J.A.S.); (F.E.D.); (A.R.-D.); (N.M.S.G.); (F.M.-G.); (A.P.-I.); (M.A.R.); (K.B.); (P.A.G.); (S.M.B.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 7550196, Chile
| | - Fabián E. Díaz
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Portugal 49, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (J.A.S.); (F.E.D.); (A.R.-D.); (N.M.S.G.); (F.M.-G.); (A.P.-I.); (M.A.R.); (K.B.); (P.A.G.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Angello Retamal-Díaz
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Portugal 49, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (J.A.S.); (F.E.D.); (A.R.-D.); (N.M.S.G.); (F.M.-G.); (A.P.-I.); (M.A.R.); (K.B.); (P.A.G.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Nicolás M. S. Gálvez
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Portugal 49, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (J.A.S.); (F.E.D.); (A.R.-D.); (N.M.S.G.); (F.M.-G.); (A.P.-I.); (M.A.R.); (K.B.); (P.A.G.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Felipe Melo-González
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Portugal 49, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (J.A.S.); (F.E.D.); (A.R.-D.); (N.M.S.G.); (F.M.-G.); (A.P.-I.); (M.A.R.); (K.B.); (P.A.G.); (S.M.B.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 7550196, Chile
| | - Alejandro Piña-Iturbe
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Portugal 49, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (J.A.S.); (F.E.D.); (A.R.-D.); (N.M.S.G.); (F.M.-G.); (A.P.-I.); (M.A.R.); (K.B.); (P.A.G.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Mario A. Ramírez
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Portugal 49, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (J.A.S.); (F.E.D.); (A.R.-D.); (N.M.S.G.); (F.M.-G.); (A.P.-I.); (M.A.R.); (K.B.); (P.A.G.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Karen Bohmwald
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Portugal 49, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (J.A.S.); (F.E.D.); (A.R.-D.); (N.M.S.G.); (F.M.-G.); (A.P.-I.); (M.A.R.); (K.B.); (P.A.G.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Pablo A. González
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Portugal 49, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (J.A.S.); (F.E.D.); (A.R.-D.); (N.M.S.G.); (F.M.-G.); (A.P.-I.); (M.A.R.); (K.B.); (P.A.G.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Susan M. Bueno
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Portugal 49, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (J.A.S.); (F.E.D.); (A.R.-D.); (N.M.S.G.); (F.M.-G.); (A.P.-I.); (M.A.R.); (K.B.); (P.A.G.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Portugal 49, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (J.A.S.); (F.E.D.); (A.R.-D.); (N.M.S.G.); (F.M.-G.); (A.P.-I.); (M.A.R.); (K.B.); (P.A.G.); (S.M.B.)
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +56-2-686-2842
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10
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Eassa HA, Helal NA, Amer AM, Fouad A, Bedair AF, Nagib R, Mansoor I, Hawash M, Abdul-Latif M, Mohammed KHA, Helal MA, Nounou MI. 3D-Printed Microfluidics Potential in Combating Future and Current Pandemics (COVID-19). RECENT ADVANCES IN DRUG DELIVERY AND FORMULATION 2022; 16:192-216. [PMID: 35894464 DOI: 10.2174/2667387816666220727101214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged in China in December 2019. In March 2020, the WHO declared it a pandemic leading to worldwide lockdowns and travel restrictions. By May, it infected 4,789,205 and killed 318,789 people. This led to severe shortages in the medical sector besides devastating socio-economic effects. Many technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), virtual reality (VR), microfluidics, 3D printing, and 3D scanning can step into contain the virus and hinder its extensive spread. This article aims to explore the potentials of 3D printing and microfluidic in accelerating the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease and fulfilling the shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE) and medical equipment. It highlights the main applications of 3D printers and microfluidics in providing PPE (masks, respirators, face shields, goggles, and isolation chambers/hoods), supportive care (respiratory equipment) and diagnostic supplies (sampling swabs & lab-on-chip) to ease the COVID-19 pressures. Also, the cost of such technology and regulation considerations are addressed. We conclude that 3D printing provided reusable and low-cost solutions to mitigate the shortages. However, safety, sterility, and compatibility with environmental protection standards need to be guaranteed through standardization and assessment by regulatory bodies. Finally, lessons learned from this pandemic can also help the world prepare for upcoming outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A Eassa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy & Physician Assistant Studies, University of Saint Joseph, Hartford, CT 06103, USA
| | - Nada A Helal
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, TX, 78363, USA
| | - Ahmed M Amer
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Aliaa Fouad
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Asser F Bedair
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | | | - Motaz Hawash
- Dept of Food Science and Agri-Food Supply Chains, Harper Adams University, Newport, UK
| | | | - Kamilia H A Mohammed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al- Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Helal
- Construction Planning Department, National Marine Dredging Company (NMDC), Abu Dhabi 11372, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Ismail Nounou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy & Physician Assistant Studies, University of Saint Joseph, Hartford, CT 06103, USA
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11
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Barnby E, Reynolds M, Gordon J. Reaching Herd Immunity During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: What School Nurses Need to Know. NASN Sch Nurse 2021; 37:13-18. [PMID: 34836470 DOI: 10.1177/1942602x211044996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The National Association of School Nurses supports pandemic control efforts. School nurses are advocates for their students, caregivers, school staff, teachers, and school administrators. With a clear understanding of how the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) virus evolves over time and changes transmissibility through mutations, school nurses gain understanding in epidemiologic calculation of herd immunity. To understand why the estimates of herd immunity fluctuate, as often reported in the news, school nurses need to understand how epidemiologist calculate this number. Obtaining herd immunity will protect the most vulnerable in the population. If all countries have access to vaccines and populations choose to receive vaccinations, herd immunity is more likely to be obtained. Equipped with knowledge of how herd immunity is calculated, school nurses are in a position to educate and advocate for the use of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Barnby
- Clinical Associate Professor, University of Alabama in Huntsville, College of Nursing, Huntsville, AL
| | - Mark Reynolds
- Assistant Professor of Nursing Athens State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Athens, Alabama
| | - Jenny Gordon
- Registered Nurse, University of Alabama in Huntsville, College of Nursing, Huntsville, AL
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12
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de la Fuente J, Contreras M. Vaccinomics: a future avenue for vaccine development against emerging pathogens. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:1561-1569. [PMID: 34582295 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1987222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccines are a major achievement in medical sciences, but the development of more effective vaccines against infectious diseases is essential for prevention and control of emerging pathogens worldwide. The application of omics technologies has advanced vaccinology through the characterization of host-vector-pathogen molecular interactions and the identification of candidate protective antigens. However, major challenges such as host immunity, pathogen and environmental factors, vaccine efficacy and safety need to be addressed. Vaccinomics provides a platform to address these challenges and improve vaccine efficacy and safety. AREAS COVERED In this review, we summarize current information on vaccinomics and propose quantum vaccinomics approaches to further advance vaccine development through the identification and combination of antigen protective epitopes, the immunological quantum. The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is an example of emerging infectious diseases with global impact on human health. EXPERT OPINION Vaccines are required for the effective and environmentally sustainable intervention for the control of emerging infectious diseases worldwide. Recent advances in vaccinomics provide a platform to address challenges in improving vaccine efficacy and implementation. As proposed here, quantum vaccinomics will contribute to vaccine development, efficacy, and safety by facilitating antigen combinations to target pathogen infection and transmission in emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- José de la Fuente
- SaBio, Instituto De Investigación En Recursos Cinegéticos Irec-csic-uclm-jccm, Ciudad Real, Spain.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Marinela Contreras
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Spain
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13
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Barnby E, Reynolds M, Gordon J. Vaccine Strategy During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: What School Nurses Need to Know. NASN Sch Nurse 2021; 36:316-322. [PMID: 34060925 DOI: 10.1177/1942602x211020101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The National Association of School Nurses supports immunization to reduce the incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases. School nurses have the obligation to discern and understand vaccine strategies to aid in the advocacy and education of their school administrators, faculty, staff, students, and caregivers. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to all continents, and the total number of those infected or immune through effective vaccination is well below the estimated need for herd immunity. To achieve herd immunity against the global outbreak of COVID-19, the rapid development of safe and effective vaccines is essential. Using multiple strategies and vaccine platforms to speed up the vaccine development process will inherently save more lives. Equipped with this knowledge of vaccine strategy, the school nurse can more aptly advocate for the use of the COVID-19 vaccines to move toward herd immunity in their communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Barnby
- Elizabeth Barnby, DNP, CRNP, ACNP-BC, FNP-BC, Clinical Associate Professor, University of Alabama in Huntsville, College of Nursing, Huntsville, AL
| | - Mark Reynolds
- Mark Reynolds, DNP, RN, COI, Clinical Associate Professor, University of Alabama in Huntsville, College of Nursing, Huntsville, AL
| | - Jenny Gordon
- Jenny Gordon, BSN, RN, Registered Nurse, University of Alabama in Huntsville, College of Nursing, Huntsville, AL
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