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Morris DM, Wang C, Papanastasiou G, Gray CD, Xu W, Sjöström S, Badr S, Paccou J, Semple SIK, MacGillivray T, Cawthorn WP. A novel deep learning method for large-scale analysis of bone marrow adiposity using UK Biobank Dixon MRI data. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 24:89-104. [PMID: 38268780 PMCID: PMC10806280 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) represents > 10% fat mass in healthy humans and can be measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as the bone marrow fat fraction (BMFF). Human MRI studies have identified several diseases associated with BMFF but have been relatively small scale. Population-scale studies therefore have huge potential to reveal BMAT's true clinical relevance. The UK Biobank (UKBB) is undertaking MRI of 100,000 participants, providing the ideal opportunity for such advances. Objective To establish deep learning for high-throughput multi-site BMFF analysis from UKBB MRI data. Materials and methods We studied males and females aged 60-69. Bone marrow (BM) segmentation was automated using a new lightweight attention-based 3D U-Net convolutional neural network that improved segmentation of small structures from large volumetric data. Using manual segmentations from 61-64 subjects, the models were trained to segment four BM regions of interest: the spine (thoracic and lumbar vertebrae), femoral head, total hip and femoral diaphysis. Models were tested using a further 10-12 datasets per region and validated using datasets from 729 UKBB participants. BMFF was then quantified and pathophysiological characteristics assessed, including site- and sex-dependent differences and the relationships with age, BMI, bone mineral density, peripheral adiposity, and osteoporosis. Results Model accuracy matched or exceeded that for conventional U-Nets, yielding Dice scores of 91.2% (spine), 94.5% (femoral head), 91.2% (total hip) and 86.6% (femoral diaphysis). One case of severe scoliosis prevented segmentation of the spine, while one case of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma prevented segmentation of the spine, femoral head and total hip because of T2 signal depletion; however, successful segmentation was not disrupted by any other pathophysiological variables. The resulting BMFF measurements confirmed expected relationships between BMFF and age, sex and bone density, and identified new site- and sex-specific characteristics. Conclusions We have established a new deep learning method for accurate segmentation of small structures from large volumetric data, allowing high-throughput multi-site BMFF measurement in the UKBB. Our findings reveal new pathophysiological insights, highlighting the potential of BMFF as a novel clinical biomarker. Applying our method across the full UKBB cohort will help to reveal the impact of BMAT on human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Morris
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Chengjia Wang
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- School of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 1AS, UK
| | - Giorgos Papanastasiou
- Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Wivenhoe Park, The University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Calum D. Gray
- Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Wei Xu
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Samuel Sjöström
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Sammy Badr
- University of Lille, Marrow Adiposity and Bone Laboratory (MABlab) ULR 4490, F-59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Department of Radiology and Musculoskeletal Imaging, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Julien Paccou
- University of Lille, Marrow Adiposity and Bone Laboratory (MABlab) ULR 4490, F-59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Department of Rheumatology, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Scott IK Semple
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Tom MacGillivray
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - William P. Cawthorn
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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2
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Niu H, Zhou M, Xu X, Xu X. Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue as a Critical Regulator of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis - A Concise Review. Clin Interv Aging 2024; 19:1259-1272. [PMID: 39011312 PMCID: PMC11249116 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s466446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a major health problem affecting millions of women worldwide. PMOP patients are often accompanied by abnormal accumulation of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT). BMAT is a critical regulator of bone homeostasis, and an increasing BMAT volume is negatively associated with bone mass reduction or fracture. BMAT regulates bone metabolism via adipokines, cytokines and the immune system, but the specific mechanisms are largely unknown. This review emphasizes the impact of estrogen deficiency on bone homeostasis and BMAT expansion, and the mechanism by which BMAT regulates PMOP, providing a promising strategy for targeting BMAT in preventing and treating PMOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Niu
- Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit Vegetable Processing Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), School of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Minfeng Zhou
- Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Fruit Vegetable Processing Quality Control (Huazhong Agricultural University), School of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Xu
- Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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3
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Rinne C, Soultoukis GA, Oveisi M, Leer M, Schmidt-Bleek O, Burkhardt LM, Bucher CH, Moussa EA, Makhlouf M, Duda GN, Saraiva LR, Schmidt-Bleek K, Schulz TJ. Caloric restriction reduces trabecular bone loss during aging and improves bone marrow adipocyte endocrine function in male mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1394263. [PMID: 38904042 PMCID: PMC11188307 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1394263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Caloric restriction (CR) is a nutritional intervention that increases life expectancy while lowering the risk for cardio-metabolic disease. Its effects on bone health, however, remain controversial. For instance, CR has been linked to increased accumulation of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) in long bones, a process thought to elicit detrimental effects on bone. Qualitative differences have been reported in BMAT in relation to its specific anatomical localization, subdividing it into physiological and potentially pathological BMAT. We here examine the local impact of CR on bone composition, microstructure and its endocrine profile in the context of aging. Methods Young and aged male C57Bl6J mice were subjected to CR for 8 weeks and were compared to age-matched littermates with free food access. We assessed bone microstructure and BMAT by micro-CT, bone fatty acid and transcriptomic profiles, and bone healing. Results CR increased tibial BMAT accumulation and adipogenic gene expression. CR also resulted in elevated fatty acid desaturation in the proximal and mid-shaft regions of the tibia, thus more closely resembling the biochemical lipid profile of the distally located, physiological BMAT. In aged mice, CR attenuated trabecular bone loss, suggesting that CR may revert some aspects of age-related bone dysfunction. Cortical bone, however, was decreased in young mice on CR and remained reduced in aged mice, irrespective of dietary intervention. No negative effects of CR on bone regeneration were evident in either young or aged mice. Discussion Our findings indicate that the timing of CR is critical and may exert detrimental effects on bone biology if administered during a phase of active skeletal growth. Conversely, CR exerts positive effects on trabecular bone structure in the context of aging, which occurs despite substantial accumulation of BMAT. These data suggest that the endocrine profile of BMAT, rather than its fatty acid composition, contributes to healthy bone maintenance in aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Rinne
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - George A. Soultoukis
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München, Germany
| | - Masoome Oveisi
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München, Germany
| | - Marina Leer
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München, Germany
| | - Oskar Schmidt-Bleek
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa-Marie Burkhardt
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian H. Bucher
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Georg N. Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Centre for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luis R. Saraiva
- Translation Medicine Division, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Katharina Schmidt-Bleek
- Julius Wolff Institute for Biomechanics and Musculoskeletal Regeneration, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health Centre for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim J. Schulz
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
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4
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Balcaen T, Benova A, de Jong F, de Oliveira Silva R, Cajka T, Sakellariou D, Tencerova M, Kerckhofs G, De Borggraeve WM. Exploring contrast-enhancing staining agents for studying adipose tissue through contrast-enhanced computed tomography. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100572. [PMID: 38823780 PMCID: PMC11259937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Contrast-enhanced computed tomography offers a nondestructive approach to studying adipose tissue in 3D. Several contrast-enhancing staining agents (CESAs) have been explored, whereof osmium tetroxide (OsO4) is the most popular nowadays. However, due to the toxicity and volatility of the conventional OsO4, alternative CESAs with similar staining properties were desired. Hf-WD 1:2 POM and Hexabrix have proven effective for structural analysis of adipocytes using contrast-enhanced computed tomography but fail to provide chemical information. This study introduces isotonic Lugol's iodine (IL) as an alternative CESA for adipose tissue analysis, comparing its staining potential with Hf-WD 1:2 POM and Hexabrix in murine caudal vertebrae and bovine muscle tissue strips. Single and sequential staining protocols were compared to assess the maximization of information extraction from each sample. The study investigated interactions, distribution, and reactivity of iodine species towards biomolecules using simplified model systems and assesses the potential of the CESA to provide chemical information. (Bio)chemical analyses on whole tissues revealed that differences in adipocyte gray values post-IL staining were associated with chemical distinctions between bovine muscle tissue and murine caudal vertebrae. More specific, a difference in the degree of unsaturation of fatty acids was identified as a likely contributor, though not the sole determinant of gray value differences. This research sheds light on the potential of IL as a CESA, offering both structural and chemical insights into adipose tissue composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Balcaen
- MolDesignS, Sustainable Chemistry for Metals and Molecules, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, Mechatronic, Electrical Energy and Dynamic Systems, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Pole of Morphology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrea Benova
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology of Bone, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Flip de Jong
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rodrigo de Oliveira Silva
- Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis, and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tomas Cajka
- Laboratory of Translational Metabolism, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dimitrios Sakellariou
- Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis, and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michaela Tencerova
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology of Bone, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Greet Kerckhofs
- Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, Mechatronic, Electrical Energy and Dynamic Systems, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Pole of Morphology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Wim M De Borggraeve
- MolDesignS, Sustainable Chemistry for Metals and Molecules, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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5
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Porro G, Sarkis R, Obergozo C, Godot L, Amato F, Humbert M, Naveiras O, Guiducci C. MarrowCellDLD: a microfluidic method for label-free retrieval of fragile bone marrow-derived cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22462. [PMID: 38105340 PMCID: PMC10725893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47978-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional bone marrow studies have focused primarily on hematopoietic progenitors, leaving limited knowledge about other fragile populations, such as bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds) and megakaryocytes. The isolation of these cells is challenging due to rupture susceptibility and large size. We introduce here a label-free cytometry microsystem, MarrowCellDLD, based on deterministic lateral displacement. MarrowCellDLD enables the isolation of large, fragile BM-derived cells based on intrinsic size properties while preserving their viability and functionality. Bone marrow adipocytes, obtained from mouse and human stromal line differentiation, as well as megakaryocytes, from primary human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, were used for validation. Precise micrometer-range separation cutoffs were adapted for each cell type. Cells were sorted directly in culture media, without pre-labeling steps, and with real-time imaging for quality control. At least 106 cells were retrieved intact per sorting round. Our method outperformed two FACS instruments in purity and yield, particularly for large cell size fractions. MarrowCellDLD represents a non-destructive sorting tool for large, fragile BM-derived cells, facilitating the separation of pure populations of BMAds and megakaryocytes to further investigate their physiological and pathological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Porro
- Laboratory of Life Sciences Electronics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Rita Sarkis
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Clara Obergozo
- Laboratory of Life Sciences Electronics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucie Godot
- Laboratory of Life Sciences Electronics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Amato
- Laboratory of Life Sciences Electronics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Magali Humbert
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olaia Naveiras
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Hematology Service, Departments of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Carlotta Guiducci
- Laboratory of Life Sciences Electronics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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6
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Tencerova M, Duque G, Beekman KM, Corsi A, Geurts J, Bisschop PH, Paccou J. The Impact of Interventional Weight Loss on Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue in People Living with Obesity and Its Connection to Bone Metabolism. Nutrients 2023; 15:4601. [PMID: 37960254 PMCID: PMC10650495 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on providing physicians with insights into the complex relationship between bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) and bone health, in the context of weight loss through caloric restriction or metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS), in people living with obesity (PwO). We summarize the complex relationship between BMAT and bone health, provide an overview of noninvasive imaging techniques to quantify human BMAT, and discuss clinical studies measuring BMAT in PwO before and after weight loss. The relationship between BMAT and bone is subject to variations based on factors such as age, sex, menopausal status, skeletal sites, nutritional status, and metabolic conditions. The Bone Marrow Adiposity Society (BMAS) recommends standardizing imaging protocols to increase comparability across studies and sites, they have identified both water-fat imaging (WFI) and spectroscopy (1H-MRS) as accepted standards for in vivo quantification of BMAT. Clinical studies measuring BMAT in PwO are limited and have shown contradictory results. However, BMAT tends to be higher in patients with the highest visceral adiposity, and inverse associations between BMAT and bone mineral density (BMD) have been consistently found in PwO. Furthermore, BMAT levels tend to decrease after caloric restriction-induced weight loss. Although weight loss was associated with overall fat loss, a reduction in BMAT did not always follow the changes in fat volume in other tissues. The effects of MBS on BMAT are not consistent among the studies, which is at least partly related to the differences in the study population, skeletal site, and duration of the follow-up. Overall, gastric bypass appears to decrease BMAT, particularly in patients with diabetes and postmenopausal women, whereas sleeve gastrectomy appears to increase BMAT. More research is necessary to evaluate changes in BMAT and its connection to bone metabolism, either in PwO or in cases of weight loss through caloric restriction or MBS, to better understand the role of BMAT in this context and determine the local or systemic factors involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Tencerova
- Molecular Physiology of Bone, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Department of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
| | - Kerensa M. Beekman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Alessandro Corsi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Jeroen Geurts
- Rheumatology, Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Peter H. Bisschop
- Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Julien Paccou
- Department of Rheumatology, MABLab ULR 4490, CHU Lille, University Lille, 59000 Lille, France
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7
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Velickovic K, Leija HAL, Kosic B, Sacks H, Symonds ME, Sottile V. Leptin deficiency impairs adipogenesis and browning response in mouse mesenchymal progenitors. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151342. [PMID: 37467572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although phenotypically different, brown adipose tissue (BAT) and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) are able to produce heat through non-shivering thermogenesis due to the presence of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). The appearance of thermogenically active beige adipocytes in iWAT is known as browning. Both brown and beige cells originate from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and in culture conditions a browning response can be induced with hypothermia (i.e. 32 °C) during which nuclear leptin immunodetection was observed. The central role of leptin in regulating food intake and energy consumption is well recognised, but its importance in the browning process at the cellular level is unclear. Here, immunocytochemical analysis of MSC-derived adipocytes established nuclear localization of both leptin and leptin receptor suggesting an involvement of the leptin pathway in the browning response. In order to elucidate whether leptin modulates the expression of brown and beige adipocyte markers, BAT and iWAT samples from leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mice were analysed and exhibited reduced brown/beige marker expression compared to wild-type controls. When MSCs were isolated and differentiated into adipocytes, leptin deficiency was observed to induce a white phenotype, especially when incubated at 32 °C. These adaptations were accompanied with morphological signs of impaired adipogenic differentiation. Overall, our results indicate that leptin supports adipocyte browning and suggest a potential role for leptin in adipogenesis and browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenija Velickovic
- School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, UK; Faculty of Biology, The University of Belgrade, Serbia.
| | | | - Bojana Kosic
- Faculty of Biology, The University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Harold Sacks
- VA Endocrinology and Diabetes Division, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Michael E Symonds
- Centre for Perinatal Research, Academic Unit of Population and Lifespan Sciences, UK; Nottingham Digestive Disease Centre and Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, UK.
| | - Virginie Sottile
- School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, UK; Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Pavia, Italy.
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8
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Todosenko N, Khaziakhmatova O, Malashchenko V, Yurova K, Bograya M, Beletskaya M, Vulf M, Mikhailova L, Minchenko A, Soroko I, Khlusov I, Litvinova L. Adipocyte- and Monocyte-Mediated Vicious Circle of Inflammation and Obesity (Review of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12259. [PMID: 37569635 PMCID: PMC10418857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes play a key role in the development of metabolic syndrome, and especially obesity. Given the complex features of their development from progenitor cells, whose regulation is mediated by their interactions with bone marrow adipocytes, the importance of a detailed study of the heterogeneous composition of monocytes at the molecular and systemic levels becomes clear. Research argues for monocytes as indicators of changes in the body's metabolism and the possibility of developing therapeutic strategies to combat obesity and components of metabolic syndrome based on manipulations of the monocyte compound of the immune response. An in-depth study of the heterogeneity of bone-marrow-derived monocytes and adipocytes could provide answers to many questions about the pathogenesis of obesity and reveal their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Todosenko
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia; (N.T.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (K.Y.); (M.B.); (M.B.); (M.V.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (I.S.); (I.K.)
| | - Olga Khaziakhmatova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia; (N.T.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (K.Y.); (M.B.); (M.B.); (M.V.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (I.S.); (I.K.)
| | - Vladimir Malashchenko
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia; (N.T.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (K.Y.); (M.B.); (M.B.); (M.V.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (I.S.); (I.K.)
| | - Kristina Yurova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia; (N.T.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (K.Y.); (M.B.); (M.B.); (M.V.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (I.S.); (I.K.)
| | - Maria Bograya
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia; (N.T.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (K.Y.); (M.B.); (M.B.); (M.V.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (I.S.); (I.K.)
| | - Maria Beletskaya
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia; (N.T.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (K.Y.); (M.B.); (M.B.); (M.V.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (I.S.); (I.K.)
| | - Maria Vulf
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia; (N.T.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (K.Y.); (M.B.); (M.B.); (M.V.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (I.S.); (I.K.)
| | - Larisa Mikhailova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia; (N.T.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (K.Y.); (M.B.); (M.B.); (M.V.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (I.S.); (I.K.)
| | - Anastasia Minchenko
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia; (N.T.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (K.Y.); (M.B.); (M.B.); (M.V.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (I.S.); (I.K.)
| | - Irina Soroko
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia; (N.T.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (K.Y.); (M.B.); (M.B.); (M.V.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (I.S.); (I.K.)
| | - Igor Khlusov
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia; (N.T.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (K.Y.); (M.B.); (M.B.); (M.V.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (I.S.); (I.K.)
- Laboratory of Cellular and Microfluidic Technologies, Siberian State Medical University, 2, Moskovskii Trakt, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Larisa Litvinova
- Center for Immunology and Cellular Biotechnology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236001 Kaliningrad, Russia; (N.T.); (O.K.); (V.M.); (K.Y.); (M.B.); (M.B.); (M.V.); (L.M.); (A.M.); (I.S.); (I.K.)
- Laboratory of Cellular and Microfluidic Technologies, Siberian State Medical University, 2, Moskovskii Trakt, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
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9
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Beekman KM, Duque G, Corsi A, Tencerova M, Bisschop PH, Paccou J. Osteoporosis and Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2023; 21:45-55. [PMID: 36534306 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-022-00768-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review focuses on the recent findings regarding bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) concerning bone health. We summarize the variations in BMAT in relation to age, sex, and skeletal sites, and provide an update on noninvasive imaging techniques to quantify human BMAT. Next, we discuss the role of BMAT in patients with osteoporosis and interventions that affect BMAT. RECENT FINDINGS There are wide individual variations with region-specific fluctuation and age- and gender-specific differences in BMAT content and composition. The Bone Marrow Adiposity Society (BMAS) recommendations aim to standardize imaging protocols to increase comparability across studies and sites. Water-fat imaging (WFI) seems an accurate and efficient alternative for spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Most studies indicate that greater BMAT is associated with lower bone mineral density (BMD) and a higher prevalence of vertebral fractures. The proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and changes in lipid composition have been associated with an increased risk of fractures independently of BMD. Therefore, PDFF and lipid composition could potentially be future imaging biomarkers for assessing fracture risk. Evidence of the inhibitory effect of osteoporosis treatments on BMAT is still limited to a few randomized controlled trials. Moreover, results from the FRAME biopsy sub-study highlight contradictory findings on the effect of the sclerostin antibody romosozumab on BMAT. Further understanding of the role(s) of BMAT will provide insight into the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and may lead to targeted preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerensa M Beekman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Department of Medicine and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alessandro Corsi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michaela Tencerova
- Molecular Physiology of Bone, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter H Bisschop
- Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julien Paccou
- Department of Rheumatology, MABLaB ULR 4490, CHU Lille, University Lille, Lille, France.
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10
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Burkhardt LM, Bucher CH, Löffler J, Rinne C, Duda GN, Geissler S, Schulz TJ, Schmidt-Bleek K. The benefits of adipocyte metabolism in bone health and regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1104709. [PMID: 36895792 PMCID: PMC9988968 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1104709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients suffering from musculoskeletal diseases must cope with a diminished quality of life and an increased burden on medical expenses. The interaction of immune cells and mesenchymal stromal cells during bone regeneration is one of the key requirements for the restoration of skeletal integrity. While stromal cells of the osteo-chondral lineage support bone regeneration, an excessive accumulation of cells of the adipogenic lineage is thought to promote low-grade inflammation and impair bone regeneration. Increasing evidence indicates that pro-inflammatory signaling from adipocytes is responsible for various chronic musculoskeletal diseases. This review aims to summarize the features of bone marrow adipocytes by phenotype, function, secretory features, metabolic properties and their impact on bone formation. In detail, the master regulator of adipogenesis and prominent diabetes drug target, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARG), will be debated as a potential therapeutic approach to enhance bone regeneration. We will explore the possibilities of using clinically established PPARG agonists, the thiazolidinediones (TZDs), as a treatment strategy to guide the induction of a pro-regenerative, metabolically active bone marrow adipose tissue. The impact of this PPARG induced bone marrow adipose tissue type on providing the necessary metabolites to sustain osteogenic-as well as beneficial immune cells during bone fracture healing will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Marie Burkhardt
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Charité, Berlin, Germany.,BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian H Bucher
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Charité, Berlin, Germany.,BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Löffler
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Charité, Berlin, Germany.,BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Charlotte Rinne
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Georg N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Charité, Berlin, Germany.,BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Geissler
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Charité, Berlin, Germany.,BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim J Schulz
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Katharina Schmidt-Bleek
- Julius Wolff Institute, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) Charité, Berlin, Germany.,BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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11
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Thermal adaptation and fatty acid profiles of bone marrow and muscles in mammals: Implications of a study of caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268593. [PMID: 36454772 PMCID: PMC9714762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammals have evolved several physiological mechanisms to cope with changes in ambient temperature. Particularly critical among them is the process of keeping the membrane of cells in a fluid phase to prevent metabolic dysfunction. In this paper, we examine variation in the fatty acid composition of bone marrow and muscle tissues in the cold-adapted caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) to determine whether there are systematic differences in fatty acid profiles between anatomical regions that could potentially be explained by thermal adaptation as influenced by cell function, including hematopoiesis. Our results indicate that the bone marrow and muscle tissues from the appendicular skeleton are more unsaturated than the same tissues in the axial skeleton, a finding that is consistent with physiological adaptation of the appendicular regions to thermal challenges. Because mechanisms of thermal adaptation appear to be widely shared among terrestrial mammals, we suggest that the same patterns may prevail in other species, possibly including humans.
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12
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Rosen CJ. EXTENSIVE EXPERTISE IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: My quarter century quest to understand the paradox of marrow adiposity. Eur J Endocrinol 2022; 187:R17-R26. [PMID: 35704348 PMCID: PMC9339494 DOI: 10.1530/eje-22-0499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the development and regulation of marrow adiposity, as well as its impact on skeletal remodeling has been a major challenge for our field and during my career as well. The story behind this unique phenotype and its relationship to bone turnover is highlighted in my own quest to defining the physiology and pathophysiology of marrow adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford J Rosen
- 1Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, USA
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13
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Bone Marrow Fat Distribution in Patients With β-Thalassemia: A Study Using Chemical Shift-Based Water-Fat MRI. Acad Radiol 2022; 29:e39-e48. [PMID: 33992535 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2021.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Molecular studies have shown the changes in bone marrow fat in relation to altered hematopoiesis. This study aims to investigate the changes in the bone marrow fat in patients affected by β-thalassemia by using chemical shift-encoded (CSE)-MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-three subjects, comprising of six healthy (17-31 years old) and 17 β-thalassemia subjects (19-39 years old), were scanned using a multiecho fast low angle shot sequence (0.94 × 0.94 × 3.00 mm3) and a stimulated echo acquisition mode sequence using 3T MRI. Bone marrow proton density fat fraction (PDFF) was quantified in the left femur of each subject. Regression and Bland-Altman analysis were used to analyze agreement between CSE-MRI and 1H-MRS. PDFF distribution was analyzed using Hartigan's dip test and the computed Wasserstein distances. Jonckheere-Terpstra trend analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of disease severity on PDFF distribution. RESULTS An excellent agreement was found between PDFF measured using CSE-MRI with 1H-MRS (R2 = 0.91; bias =-1.41%). Healthy subjects showed left-skewed or bimodal PDFF distribution while β-thalassemia subjects showed bimodal, normal or right-skewed distribution. Jonckheere-Terpstra test shows that PDFF distribution was increasingly different from the norm as disease severity increased (TJT = 166.0, z = 3.806, p < 0.05). Increase in variability of PDFF distribution within each subject group was also seen with increasing disease severity (TJT = 169.0, z = 3.971, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION CSE-MRI is a promising tool to demonstrate spatial changes and variability in marrow fat distribution, resulting from ineffective erythropoiesis.
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14
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Beekman KM, Regenboog M, Nederveen AJ, Bravenboer N, den Heijer M, Bisschop PH, Hollak CE, Akkerman EM, Maas M. Gender- and Age-Associated Differences in Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue and Bone Marrow Fat Unsaturation Throughout the Skeleton, Quantified Using Chemical Shift Encoding-Based Water-Fat MRI. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:815835. [PMID: 35574007 PMCID: PMC9094426 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.815835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) is a dynamic tissue which is associated with osteoporosis, bone metastasis, and primary bone tumors. The aim of this study is to determine region-specific variations and age- and gender-specific differences in BMAT and BMAT composition in healthy subjects. In this cross-sectional study, we included 40 healthy subjects (26 male: mean age 49 years, range 22-75 years; 14 female: mean age 50 years, range 29-71) and determined the bone marrow signal fat fraction and bone marrow unsaturation in the spine (C3-L5), pelvis, femora, and tibiae using chemical shift encoding-based water-fat imaging (WFI) with multiple gradient echoes (mGRE). Regions of interest covered the individual vertebral bodies, pelvis and proximal epimetaphysis, diaphysis, and distal epimetaphysis of the femur and tibia. The spinal fat fraction increased from cervical to lumbar vertebral bodies (mean fat fraction ( ± SD or (IQR): cervical spine 0.37 ± 0.1; thoracic spine 0.41 ± 0.08. lumbar spine 0.46 ± 0.01; p < 0.001). The femoral fat fraction increased from proximal to distal (proximal 0.78 ± 0.09; diaphysis 0.86 (0.15); distal 0.93 ± 0.02; p < 0.001), while within the tibia the fat fraction decreased from proximal to distal (proximal 0.92 ± 0.01; diaphysis 0.91 (0.02); distal 0.90 ± 0.01; p < 0.001). In female subjects, age was associated with fat fraction in the spine, pelvis, and proximal femur (ρ = 0.88 p < 0.001; ρ = 0.87 p < 0.001; ρ = 0.63 p = 0.02; ρ = 0.74 p = 0.002, respectively), while in male subjects age was only associated with spinal fat fraction (ρ = 0.40 p = 0.04). Fat fraction and unsaturation were negatively associated within the spine (r = -0.40 p = 0.01), while in the extremities fat fraction and unsaturation were positively associated (distal femur: r = 0.42 p = 0.01; proximal tibia: r = 0.47, p = 0.002; distal tibia: r = 0.35 p = 0.03), both independent of age and gender. In conclusion, we confirm the distinct, age- and gender-dependent, distribution of BMAT throughout the human skeleton and we show that, contradicting previous animal studies, bone marrow unsaturation in human subjects is highest within the axial skeleton compared to the appendicular skeleton. Furthermore, we show that BMAT unsaturation was negatively correlated with BMAT within the spine, while in the appendicular skeleton, BMAT and BMAT unsaturation were positively associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerensa M. Beekman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martine Regenboog
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Aart J. Nederveen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Bravenboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Research Laboratory Bone and Calcium Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Martin den Heijer
- Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter H. Bisschop
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carla E. Hollak
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Erik M. Akkerman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mario Maas
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Mario Maas,
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15
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Li Y, Cao S, Gaculenko A, Zhan Y, Bozec A, Chen X. Distinct Metabolism of Bone Marrow Adipocytes and their Role in Bone Metastasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:902033. [PMID: 35800430 PMCID: PMC9253270 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.902033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAs) represent 10% of the total fat mass of the human body and serve as an energy reservoir for the skeletal niche. They function as an endocrine organ by actively secreting fatty acids, cytokines, and adipokines. The volume of BMAs increases along with age, osteoporosis and/or obesity. With the rapid development of multi-omic analysis and the advance in in vivo imaging technology, further distinct characteristics and functions of BMAs have been revealed. There is accumulating evidence that BMAs are metabolically, biologically and functionally unique from white, brown, beige and pink adipocytes. Bone metastatic disease is an uncurable complication in cancer patients, where primary cancer cells spread from their original site into the bone marrow. Recent publications have highlighted those BMAs could also serve as a rich lipid source of fatty acids that can be utilized by the cancer cells during bone metastasis, particularly for breast, prostate, lung, ovarian and pancreatic cancer as well as melanoma. In this review, we summarize the novel progressions in BMAs metabolism, especially with multi-omic analysis and in vivo imaging technology. We also update the metabolic role of BMAs in bone metastasis, and their potential new avenues for diagnosis and therapies against metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Cao
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anastasia Gaculenko
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yifan Zhan
- Drug Discovery, Shanghai Huaota Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Aline Bozec
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xiaoxiang Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoxiang Chen,
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16
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Tratwal J, Falgayrac G, During A, Bertheaume N, Bataclan C, Tavakol DN, Campos V, Duponchel L, Daley GQ, Penel G, Chauveau C, Naveiras O. Raman microspectroscopy reveals unsaturation heterogeneity at the lipid droplet level and validates an in vitro model of bone marrow adipocyte subtypes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1001210. [PMID: 36506047 PMCID: PMC9727239 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1001210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds) constitute the most abundant stromal component of adult human bone marrow. Two subtypes of BMAds have been described, the more labile regulated adipocytes (rBMAds) and the more stable constitutive adipocytes (cBMAds), which develop earlier in life and are more resilient to environmental and metabolic disruptions. In vivo, rBMAds are enriched in saturated fatty acids, contain smaller lipid droplets (LDs) and more readily provide hematopoietic support than their cBMAd counterparts. Mouse models have been used for BMAds research, but isolation of primary BMAds presents many challenges, and thus in vitro models remain the current standard to study nuances of adipocyte differentiation. No in vitro model has yet been described for the study of rBMAds/cBMAds. Here, we present an in vitro model of BM adipogenesis with differential rBMAd and cBMAd-like characteristics. We used OP9 BM stromal cells derived from a (C57BL/6xC3H)F2-op/op mouse, which have been extensively characterized as feeder layer for hematopoiesis research. We observed similar canonical adipogenesis transcriptional signatures for spontaneously-differentiated (sOP9) and induced (iOP9) cultures, while fatty acid composition and desaturase expression of Scd1 and Fads2 differed at the population level. To resolve differences at the single adipocyte level we tested Raman microspectroscopy and show it constitutes a high-resolution method for studying adipogenesis in vitro in a label-free manner, with resolution to individual LDs. We found sOP9 adipocytes have lower unsaturation ratios, smaller LDs and higher hematopoietic support than iOP9 adipocytes, thus functionally resembling rBMAds, while iOP9 more closely resembled cBMAds. Validation in human primary samples confirmed a higher unsaturation ratio for lipids extracted from stable cBMAd-rich sites (femoral head upon hip-replacement surgery) versus labile rBMAds (iliac crest after chemotherapy). As a result, the 16:1/16:0 fatty acid unsaturation ratio, which was already shown to discriminate BMAd subtypes in rabbit and rat marrow, was validated to discriminate cBMAds from rBMAd in both the OP9 model in vitro system and in human samples. We expect our model will be useful for cBMAd and rBMAd studies, particularly where isolation of primary BMAds is a limiting step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Tratwal
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Falgayrac
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, ULR 4490 - MABLab- Marrow Adiposity Laboratory, Lille, France
| | - Alexandrine During
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, ULR 4490 - MABLab- Marrow Adiposity Laboratory, Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Bertheaume
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, ULR 4490 - MABLab- Marrow Adiposity Laboratory, Lille, France
| | - Charles Bataclan
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel N. Tavakol
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vasco Campos
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ludovic Duponchel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIRe - Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Intéractions la Réactivité et l’Environnement, Lille, France
| | - George Q. Daley
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Guillaume Penel
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, ULR 4490 - MABLab- Marrow Adiposity Laboratory, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Chauveau
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, ULR 4490 - MABLab- Marrow Adiposity Laboratory, Lille, France
| | - Olaia Naveiras
- Laboratory of Regenerative Hematopoiesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) & Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Hematology, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Hematology, Department of Laboratory Medicine Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Olaia Naveiras,
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17
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Li J, Lu L, Liu Y, Yu X. Bone marrow adiposity during pathologic bone loss: molecular mechanisms underlying the cellular events. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 100:167-183. [PMID: 34751809 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) is a heterogeneous niche where bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), osteoblasts, osteoclasts, adipocytes, hematopoietic cells, and immune cells coexist. The cellular composition of BM changes with various pathophysiological states. A reduction in osteoblast number and a concomitant increase in adipocyte number in aging and pathological conditions put bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) into spotlight. Accumulating evidence strongly supports that an overwhelming production of BMAT is a major contributor to bone loss disorders. Therefore, BMAT-targeted therapy can be an efficient and feasible intervention for osteoporosis. However, compared to blocking bone-destroying molecules produced by BMAT, suppressing BMAT formation is theoretically a more effective and fundamental approach in treating osteoporotic bone diseases. Thus, a deep insight into the molecular basis underlying increased BM adiposity during pathologic bone loss is critical to formulate strategies for therapeutically manipulating BMAT. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the molecular mechanisms involved in adipocyte differentiation of BMSCs as well as the interaction between bone marrow adipocytes and osteoclasts. More importantly, we further discuss the potential clinical implications of therapeutically targeting the upstream of BMAT formation in bone loss diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lingyun Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xijie Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Alley, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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18
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Zhang X, Robles H, Magee L K, Lorenz R M, Wang Z, Harris A C, Craft S C, Scheller L E. A bone-specific adipogenesis pathway in fat-free mice defines key origins and adaptations of bone marrow adipocytes with age and disease. eLife 2021; 10:66275. [PMID: 34378533 PMCID: PMC8412938 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow adipocytes accumulate with age and in diverse disease states. However, their origins and adaptations in these conditions remain unclear, impairing our understanding of their context-specific endocrine functions and relationship with surrounding tissues. In this study, by analyzing bone and adipose tissues in the lipodystrophic ‘fat-free’ mouse, we define a novel, secondary adipogenesis pathway that relies on the recruitment of adiponectin-negative stromal progenitors. This pathway is unique to the bone marrow and is activated with age and in states of metabolic stress in the fat-free mouse model, resulting in the expansion of bone marrow adipocytes specialized for lipid storage with compromised lipid mobilization and cytokine expression within regions traditionally devoted to hematopoiesis. This finding further distinguishes bone marrow from peripheral adipocytes and contributes to our understanding of bone marrow adipocyte origins, adaptations, and relationships with surrounding tissues with age and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, Saint Louis, United States
| | - Hero Robles
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, United States
| | - Kristann Magee L
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, United States
| | - Madelyn Lorenz R
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, United States
| | - Zhaohua Wang
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, United States
| | - Charles Harris A
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, United States
| | - Clarissa Craft S
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, United States
| | - Erica Scheller L
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University, Saint Louis, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, Saint Louis, United States
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19
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Crippa S, Santi L, Berti M, De Ponti G, Bernardo ME. Role of ex vivo Expanded Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Determining Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Outcome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:663316. [PMID: 34017834 PMCID: PMC8129582 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.663316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Overall, the human organism requires the production of ∼1 trillion new blood cells per day. Such goal is achieved via hematopoiesis occurring within the bone marrow (BM) under the tight regulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) homeostasis made by the BM microenvironment. The BM niche is defined by the close interactions of HSPCs and non-hematopoietic cells of different origin, which control the maintenance of HSPCs and orchestrate hematopoiesis in response to the body’s requirements. The activity of the BM niche is regulated by specific signaling pathways in physiological conditions and in case of stress, including the one induced by the HSPC transplantation (HSCT) procedures. HSCT is the curative option for several hematological and non-hematological diseases, despite being associated with early and late complications, mainly due to a low level of HSPC engraftment, impaired hematopoietic recovery, immune-mediated graft rejection, and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) in case of allogenic transplant. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are key elements of the BM niche, regulating HSPC homeostasis by direct contact and secreting several paracrine factors. In this review, we will explore the several mechanisms through which MSCs impact on the supportive activity of the BM niche and regulate HSPC homeostasis. We will further discuss how the growing understanding of such mechanisms have impacted, under a clinical point of view, on the transplantation field. In more recent years, these results have instructed the design of clinical trials to ameliorate the outcome of HSCT, especially in the allogenic setting, and when low doses of HSPCs were available for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Crippa
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ludovica Santi
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Berti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giada De Ponti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Ester Bernardo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Faculty of Medicine, Milan, Italy
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20
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Adipocyte Fatty Acid Transfer Supports Megakaryocyte Maturation. Cell Rep 2021; 32:107875. [PMID: 32640240 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (MKs) come from a complex process of hematopoietic progenitor maturation within the bone marrow that gives rise to de novo circulating platelets. Bone marrow microenvironment contains a large number of adipocytes with a still ill-defined role. This study aims to analyze the influence of adipocytes and increased medullar adiposity in megakaryopoiesis. An in vivo increased medullar adiposity in mice caused by high-fat-diet-induced obesity is associated to an enhanced MK maturation and proplatelet formation. In vitro co-culture of adipocytes with bone marrow hematopoietic progenitors shows that delipidation of adipocytes directly supports MK maturation by enhancing polyploidization, amplifying the demarcation membrane system, and accelerating proplatelet formation. This direct crosstalk between adipocytes and MKs occurs through adipocyte fatty acid transfer to MKs involving CD36 to reinforce megakaryocytic maturation. Thus, these findings unveil an influence of adiposity on MK homeostasis based on a dialogue between adipocytes and MKs.
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21
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Reagan MR, Fairfield H, Rosen CJ. Bone Marrow Adipocytes: A Link between Obesity and Bone Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:364. [PMID: 33498240 PMCID: PMC7863952 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers that grow in the bone marrow are for most patients scary, painful, and incurable. These cancers are especially hard to treat due to the supportive microenvironment provided by the bone marrow niche in which they reside. New therapies designed to target tumor cells have extended the life expectancy for these patients, but better therapies are needed and new ideas for how to target these cancers are crucial. This need has led researchers to interrogate whether bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds), which increase in number and size during aging and in obesity, contribute to cancer initiation or progression within the bone marrow. Across the globe, the consensus in the field is a unified "yes". However, how to target these adipocytes or the factors they produce and how BMAds interact with different tumor cells are open research questions. Herein, we review this research field, with the goal of accelerating research in the network of laboratories working in this area and attracting bright scientists with new perspectives and ideas to the field in order to bring about better therapies for patients with bone cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela R. Reagan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, ME 04074, USA; (H.F.); (C.J.R.)
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Heather Fairfield
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, ME 04074, USA; (H.F.); (C.J.R.)
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Clifford J. Rosen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine, ME 04074, USA; (H.F.); (C.J.R.)
- School of Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
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22
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Bone marrow adipose tissue is a unique adipose subtype with distinct roles in glucose homeostasis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3097. [PMID: 32555194 PMCID: PMC7303125 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16878-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) comprises >10% of total adipose mass, yet unlike white or brown adipose tissues (WAT or BAT) its metabolic functions remain unclear. Herein, we address this critical gap in knowledge. Our transcriptomic analyses revealed that BMAT is distinct from WAT and BAT, with altered glucose metabolism and decreased insulin responsiveness. We therefore tested these functions in mice and humans using positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose. This revealed that BMAT resists insulin- and cold-stimulated glucose uptake, while further in vivo studies showed that, compared to WAT, BMAT resists insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation. Thus, BMAT is functionally distinct from WAT and BAT. However, in humans basal glucose uptake in BMAT is greater than in axial bones or subcutaneous WAT and can be greater than that in skeletal muscle, underscoring the potential of BMAT to influence systemic glucose homeostasis. These PET/CT studies characterise BMAT function in vivo, establish new methods for BMAT analysis, and identify BMAT as a distinct, major adipose tissue subtype.
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23
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Kahn CR, Wang G, Lee KY. Altered adipose tissue and adipocyte function in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:3990-4000. [PMID: 31573548 DOI: 10.1172/jci129187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, great progress has been made in understanding the complexity of adipose tissue biology and its role in metabolism. This includes new insights into the multiple layers of adipose tissue heterogeneity, not only differences between white and brown adipocytes, but also differences in white adipose tissue at the depot level and even heterogeneity of white adipocytes within a single depot. These inter- and intra-depot differences in adipocytes are developmentally programmed and contribute to the wide range of effects observed in disorders with fat excess (overweight/obesity) or fat loss (lipodystrophy). Recent studies also highlight the underappreciated dynamic nature of adipose tissue, including potential to undergo rapid turnover and dedifferentiation and as a source of stem cells. Finally, we explore the rapidly expanding field of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ, and how adipose tissue communicates with other tissues to regulate systemic metabolism both centrally and peripherally through secretion of adipocyte-derived peptide hormones, inflammatory mediators, signaling lipids, and miRNAs packaged in exosomes. Together these attributes and complexities create a robust, multidimensional signaling network that is central to metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ronald Kahn
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Guoxiao Wang
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kevin Y Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, and.,The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
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24
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW The purpose of this review is to describe the in vitro and in vivo methods that researchers use to model and investigate bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds). RECENT FINDINGS The bone marrow (BM) niche is one of the most interesting and dynamic tissues of the human body. Relatively little is understood about BMAds, perhaps in part because these cells do not easily survive flow cytometry and histology processing and hence have been overlooked. Recently, researchers have developed in vitro and in vivo models to study normal function and dysfunction in the BM niche. Using these models, scientists and clinicians have noticed that BMAds, which form bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT), are able to respond to numerous signals and stimuli, and communicate with local cells and distant tissues in the body. This review provides an overview of how BMAds are modeled and studied in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela R Reagan
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Center for Translational Research, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA.
- University of Maine Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Orono, ME, USA.
- School of Medicine and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
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25
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Boroumand P, Klip A. Bone marrow adipose cells - cellular interactions and changes with obesity. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/5/jcs238394. [PMID: 32144195 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.238394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow is a spatially restricted niche, housing cells of the hematopoietic and mesenchymal lineages in various hierarchical commitment states. Although highly localized, cells within this niche are also subject to regulation by environmental and/or circulatory changes through extensive vascularization. Bone marrow adipocytes, derived from mesenchymal stem cells and once known as marrow space fillers, are a heterogeneous population. These cells reside in distinct niches within the bone marrow and interact with proximal cells, such as hematopoietic precursors and lineage-committed cells. In this diverse cellular milieu, bone marrow adipocytes influence commitment decisions and cellular lineage selection by interacting with stem and progenitor cells. In addition, bone marrow adipocytes respond to environmental changes, such as obesity, by undergoing hypertrophy, hyperplasia or adoption of characteristics resembling those of peripheral brown, beige or white adipocytes. Here, we review recent findings and concepts on the influence of bone marrow adipocytes on hematopoietic and other cellular lineages within this niche. We discuss how changes in local, systemic, cellular and secreted signals impact on mesenchymal stem cell expansion, differentiation and lineage commitment. Furthermore, we highlight that bone marrow adipocytes may be intermediaries conveying environmental cues to influence hematopoietic cellular survival, proliferation and preferential differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parastoo Boroumand
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Amira Klip
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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26
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Bravenboer N, Bredella MA, Chauveau C, Corsi A, Douni E, Ferris WF, Riminucci M, Robey PG, Rojas-Sutterlin S, Rosen C, Schulz TJ, Cawthorn WP. Standardised Nomenclature, Abbreviations, and Units for the Study of Bone Marrow Adiposity: Report of the Nomenclature Working Group of the International Bone Marrow Adiposity Society. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 10:923. [PMID: 32038486 PMCID: PMC6993042 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Research into bone marrow adiposity (BMA) has expanded greatly since the late 1990s, leading to development of new methods for the study of bone marrow adipocytes. Simultaneously, research fields interested in BMA have diversified substantially. This increasing interest is revealing fundamental new knowledge of BMA; however, it has also led to a highly variable nomenclature that makes it difficult to interpret and compare results from different studies. A consensus on BMA nomenclature has therefore become indispensable. This article addresses this critical need for standardised terminology and consistent reporting of parameters related to BMA research. The International Bone Marrow Adiposity Society (BMAS) was formed in 2017 to consolidate the growing scientific community interested in BMA. To address the BMA nomenclature challenge, BMAS members from diverse fields established a working group (WG). Based on their broad expertise, the WG first reviewed the existing, unsystematic nomenclature and identified terms, and concepts requiring further discussion. They thereby identified and defined 8 broad concepts and methods central to BMA research. Notably, these had been described using 519 unique combinations of term, abbreviation and unit, many of which were overlapping or redundant. On this foundation a second consensus was reached, with each term classified as "to use" or "not to use." As a result, the WG reached a consensus to craft recommendations for 26 terms related to concepts and methods in BMA research. This was approved by the Scientific Board and Executive Board of BMAS and is the basis for the present recommendations for a formal BMA nomenclature. As an example, several terms or abbreviations have been used to represent "bone marrow adipocytes," including BMAds, BM-As, and BMAs. The WG decided that BMA should refer to "bone marrow adiposity"; that BM-A is too similar to BMA; and noted that "Ad" has previously been recommended to refer to adipocytes. Thus, it was recommended to use BMAds to represent bone marrow adipocytes. In conclusion, the standard nomenclature proposed in this article should be followed for all communications of results related to BMA. This will allow for better interactions both inside and outside of this emerging scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Bravenboer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Miriam A. Bredella
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christophe Chauveau
- Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
- Univ. Lille, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Lille, France
- Physiopathologie des Maladies Osseuses Inflammatoires, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Alessandro Corsi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleni Douni
- Biological Sciences Research Center “Alexander Fleming”, Athens, Greece
- Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - William F. Ferris
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mara Riminucci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Pamela G. Robey
- Skeletal Biology Section, NIDCR, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Shanti Rojas-Sutterlin
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Clifford Rosen
- Maine Medical Research Center Institute, Scarborough, ME, United States
| | - Tim J. Schulz
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München, Germany
| | - William P. Cawthorn
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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27
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Than WH, Chan GCK, Ng JKC, Szeto CC. The role of obesity on chronic kidney disease development, progression, and cardiovascular complications. ADVANCES IN BIOMARKER SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abst.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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28
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Sadie-Van Gijsen H. The Regulation of Marrow Fat by Vitamin D: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2019; 17:405-415. [PMID: 31749086 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-019-00546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the available literature regarding a possible relationship between vitamin D and bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT), and to identify future avenues of research that warrant attention. RECENT FINDINGS Results from in vivo animal and human studies all support the hypothesis that vitamin D can suppress BMAT expansion. This is achieved by antagonizing adipogenesis in bone marrow stromal cells, through inhibition of PPARγ2 activity and stimulation of pro-osteogenic Wnt signalling. However, our understanding of the functions of BMAT is still evolving, and studies on the role of vitamin D in modulating BMAT function are lacking. In addition, many diseases and chronic conditions are associated with low vitamin D status and low bone mineral density (BMD), but BMAT expansion has not been studied in these patient populations. Vitamin D suppresses BMAT expansion, but its role in modulating BMAT function is poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanel Sadie-Van Gijsen
- Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University Tygerberg Campus, Francie van Zijl Drive, PO Box 241, Parow, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa.
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29
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Craft CS, Robles H, Lorenz MR, Hilker ED, Magee KL, Andersen TL, Cawthorn WP, MacDougald OA, Harris CA, Scheller EL. Bone marrow adipose tissue does not express UCP1 during development or adrenergic-induced remodeling. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17427. [PMID: 31758074 PMCID: PMC6874537 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54036-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes within the skeleton are collectively termed bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT). BMAT contributes to peripheral and local metabolism, however, its capacity for cell-autonomous expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), a biomarker of beige and brown adipogenesis, remains unclear. To overcome this, Ucp1-Cre was used to drive diphtheria toxin expression in cells expressing UCP1 (Ucp1Cre+/DTA+). Despite loss of brown adipose tissue, BMAT volume was not reduced in Ucp1Cre+/DTA+ mice. Comparably, in mTmG reporter mice (Ucp1Cre+/mTmG+), Ucp1-Cre expression was absent from BMAT in young (3-weeks) and mature (16-weeks) male and female mice. Further, β3-agonist stimulation failed to induce Ucp1-Cre expression in BMAT. This demonstrates that BMAT adipocytes are not UCP1-expressing beige/brown adipocytes. Thus, to identify novel and emerging roles for BMAT adipocytes in skeletal and whole-body homeostasis, we performed gene enrichment analysis of microarray data from adipose tissues of adult rabbits. Pathway analysis revealed genetic evidence for differences in BMAT including insulin resistance, decreased fatty acid metabolism, and enhanced contributions to local processes including bone mineral density through candidate genes such as osteopontin. In sum, this supports a paradigm by which BMAT adipocytes are a unique subpopulation that is specialized to support cells within the skeletal and hematopoietic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa S Craft
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hero Robles
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Madelyn R Lorenz
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eric D Hilker
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kristann L Magee
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Thomas L Andersen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital - Department of Clinical Research & Department Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - William P Cawthorn
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh Bioquarter, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ormond A MacDougald
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Charles A Harris
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs St. Louis Healthcare System, John Cochran Division, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Erica L Scheller
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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30
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Luong Q, Huang J, Lee KY. Deciphering White Adipose Tissue Heterogeneity. BIOLOGY 2019; 8:biology8020023. [PMID: 30978929 PMCID: PMC6628053 DOI: 10.3390/biology8020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue not only stores energy, but also controls metabolism through secretion of hormones, cytokines, proteins, and microRNAs that affect the function of cells and tissues throughout the body. Adipose tissue is organized into discrete depots throughout the body, and these depots are differentially associated with insulin resistance and increased risk of metabolic disease. In addition to energy-dissipating brown and beige adipocytes, recent lineage tracing studies have demonstrated that individual adipose depots are composed of white adipocytes that are derived from distinct precursor populations, giving rise to distinct subpopulations of energy-storing white adipocytes. In this review, we discuss this developmental and functional heterogeneity of white adipocytes both between and within adipose depots. In particular, we will highlight findings from our recent manuscript in which we find and characterize three major subtypes of white adipocytes. We will discuss these data relating to the differences between subcutaneous and visceral white adipose tissue and in relationship to previous work deciphering adipocyte heterogeneity within adipose tissue depots. Finally, we will discuss the possible implications of adipocyte heterogeneity may have for the understanding of lipodystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quyen Luong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
| | - Kevin Y Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
- The Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
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31
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Corsi A, Palmisano B, Tratwal J, Riminucci M, Naveiras O. Brief Report From the 3rd International Meeting on Bone Marrow Adiposity (BMA 2017). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:336. [PMID: 31191458 PMCID: PMC6546805 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The 3rd International Meeting on Bone Marrow Adiposity (BMA) was held at the Olympic Museum in Lausanne, Switzerland, on August 31st and September 1st, 2017. This brief monograph summarizes the scientific contents of the meeting and highlights the birth of the International Bone Marrow Adiposity Society (BMAS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Corsi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Biagio Palmisano
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Josefine Tratwal
- Institute of Bioengineering (IBI) and Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mara Riminucci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Mara Riminucci
| | - Olaia Naveiras
- Institute of Bioengineering (IBI) and Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Hematology Service, Departments of Oncology and Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Olaia Naveiras
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