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Hudson S, Brotherson SE. Reaching out to fathers in Afro-Caribbean contexts: a case study review of best practices from the Fatherhood is Sacred program in native communities. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1363173. [PMID: 39114595 PMCID: PMC11303194 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1363173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Historical trauma has played a significant role in the difficulties of fathers to fulfill their coparenting roles in Native American communities. This pattern is also true for men in Afro-Caribbean communities. Fatherhood programs developed by the Native American Fatherhood and Family Association (NAFFA) have shown effectiveness in supporting fathers, enhancing their confidence and coparenting skills, and overcoming trauma in Native communities. This paper seeks to identify the opportunities and best practices for cross-cultural adaptation of the Fatherhood is Sacred program to Afro-Caribbean families and contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean E. Brotherson
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
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Nicolet N, Bhagia A, Torve M, Tribby K, Poppinga N, McKay K, Talavera-Barber MM. The Epidemic of Congenital Syphilis in the Indigenous and Rural Populations of South Dakota. Pediatrics 2024; 154:e2023063823. [PMID: 38932726 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-063823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
From 2020 to 2023, South Dakota witnessed a substantial increase in cases of congenital syphilis (CS), with the highest rates identified in rural and Native American (NA) communities. Here, we discuss 3 severe cases of CS in premature infants born to NA individuals and communities in South Dakota with poor access to prenatal care. The infants in these 3 cases presented with varying clinical conditions, including respiratory failure, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, severe direct hyperbilirubinemia, feeding intolerance, and necrotizing enterocolitis. Lack of prenatal care and other systemic health disparities likely contributed to the increased disease burden. For NA communities, rurality, limited resources, systemic racism, historical trauma, and lack of trust in medical institutions likely contribute to inadequate prenatal care. All 3 of these cases also occurred in pregnant people with a present or history of substance use disorders, which may have led to further hesitancy to seek care because of fear of prosecution. To combat the rising number of syphilis and CS cases, we advocate for new and continued outreach that provides education about and testing for sexually transmitted diseases to NA and rural populations, increased care coordination, the integration of point-of-care testing and treatment strategies in lower resource centers, and legislative allocation of additional resources to engage pregnant people with or at risk for substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narysse Nicolet
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Amrita Bhagia
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Megan Torve
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | | | - Nicole Poppinga
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota
- Department of Pediatrics
| | - Kimberlee McKay
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Avera McKennan Hospital and University Health Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
| | - Maria M Talavera-Barber
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, South Dakota
- Department of Pediatrics
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Larsen JM, Kothe R, Helm PJ, Bullman M, John-Henderson NA. Childhood trauma exposure, age and self-compassion as predictors of later-life symptoms of depression and anxiety in American Indian adults. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 153:106860. [PMID: 38820955 PMCID: PMC11198734 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although previous research has established a relationship between childhood trauma and later-life anxiety and depression symptoms in American Indian samples, less is known about protective factors that may reduce the strength of this relationship. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to investigate in a sample of American Indian adults, whether age moderates the relationship between self-compassion and poor mental health associated with childhood trauma. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Seven hundred and twenty-nine self-identifying American Indian adults (age 18-95) residing in the United States completed an online survey. METHOD All participants were self-identifying American Indian adults recruited via Qualtrics, which utilized targeted recruiting through managed research panels. Participants self-reported age, gender, income, and completed measures of self-compassion, childhood trauma, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. RESULTS Lower self-compassion predicted higher levels of both anxiety symptoms (β = -2.69, R2change = 0.24, t(718) = -15.92, p < .001) and depression symptoms (β = -2.23, R2change = 0.26, t(718) = -16.30, p < .001). In line with our hypothesis, there was a significant three-way interaction between age, childhood trauma exposure and self-compassion in predicting later-life symptoms of anxiety (β = -0.68, t(712) = -3.57, p < .001, R2change = 0.01) and depression (β = -0.54, t(712) = -3.32, p = .001, R2change = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that for older American Indian adults, self-compassion may be a particularly promising protective factor for symptoms of depression for those who have experienced high levels of childhood trauma, and for symptoms of anxiety regardless of childhood trauma exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Michael Larsen
- Department of Psychology, Montana State University, United States of America
| | - Reece Kothe
- Department of Psychology, Montana State University, United States of America
| | - Peter J Helm
- Department of Psychology, Montana State University, United States of America
| | - Mikayla Bullman
- Department of Psychology, Montana State University, United States of America
| | - Neha A John-Henderson
- Department of Psychology, Montana State University, United States of America; Center for American Indian and Rural Health Equity, United States of America.
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Waterman EA, Edwards KM, Mullet N, Herrington R, Hopfauf S, Trujllo P, Even-Aberle N, Wheeler L. Rates of Recent Adverse Childhood Experiences Among Indigenous Children. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2024; 17:295-305. [PMID: 38938960 PMCID: PMC11199426 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-023-00587-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The current paper describes rates of recent (past six months) adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and examines the association of ACEs with cultural connection and depressive symptoms among Indigenous children aged 10 to 14 (N = 177; mean age = 11.8; 48.3% boys; 44.3% girls; 7.4% another gender identity). Children completed baseline surveys as part of a larger evaluation of a culturally grounded, strengths-focused, family-based program to prevent ACEs. Surveys included an inclusive measure of ACEs developed for the current study, an adapted measure of connection to culture, and the Children's Depression Screener. Results for ACEs indicated that 18.6% of Indigenous children reported none, 37.2% reported one to three, and 44.2% reported four or more in the past six months. Importantly, children who reported no ACEs reported greater cultural connection than children who reported one to three ACEs. Depressive symptoms were higher among children who reported one to three and four or more ACEs compared to children who reported no ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katie M. Edwards
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1400 R. St, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
| | - Natira Mullet
- North Dakota State University, 1340 Administration Ave, Fargo, ND 58105 USA
| | | | - Skyler Hopfauf
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1400 R. St, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
| | | | | | - Lorey Wheeler
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 1400 R. St, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA
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Redvers N, Larson S, Rajpathy O, Olson D. American Indian and Alaska Native recruitment strategies for health-related randomized controlled trials: A scoping review. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302562. [PMID: 38687762 PMCID: PMC11060564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Significant health disparities exist among American Indian and Alaska Natives (AI/ANs), yet AI/ANs are substantially underrepresented within health-related research, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Although research has previously charted representation inequities, there is however a gap in the literature documenting best practice for recruitment techniques of AI/ANs into RCTs. Therefore, the aim of this review was to systematically gather and analyze the published literature to identify common strategies for AI/AN participant recruitment for RCTs in the US. METHODS A scoping review methodology was engaged with a systematic search operationalized within relevant databases to February 19, 2022, with an additional updated search being carried out up until January 1, 2023: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. A two-stage article review process was engaged with double reviewers using Covidence review software. Content analysis was then carried out within the included articles by two reviewers using NVivo software to identify common categories within the data on the topic area. RESULTS Our review identified forty-one relevant articles with the main categories of recruitment strategies being: 1) recruitment methods for AI/ANs into RCTs (passive advertising recruitment approaches, individual-level recruitment approaches, relational methods of recruitment); 2) recruitment personnel used within RCTs; and, 3) relevant recruitment setting. The majority of the included studies used a culturally relevant intervention, as well as a community-involved approach to operationalizing the research. CONCLUSION Increasing AI/AN representation in RCTs is essential for generating evidence-based interventions that effectively address health disparities and improve health outcomes. Researchers and funding agencies should prioritize the engagement, inclusion, and leadership of AI/AN communities throughout the RCT research process. This includes early community involvement in study design, implementation of culturally tailored recruitment strategies, and dissemination of research findings in formats accessible to AI/AN communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Redvers
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Indigenous Health, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
| | - Sarah Larson
- Department of Indigenous Health, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
| | - Olivia Rajpathy
- Department of Population Health, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
| | - Devon Olson
- Library Resources, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
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Skewes MC, Gonzalez VM, Gameon JA, Ricker A, Martell S, Reum M, Holder S. Development and Feasibility Pilot Study of Indigenous Recovery Planning: A Community-Engaged Approach to Addressing Substance Use in a Native Community. Clin Psychol Sci 2024; 12:253-269. [PMID: 38736431 PMCID: PMC11086671 DOI: 10.1177/21677026221141662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Although Native (American Indian and Alaska Native [AI/AN]) populations have high rates of abstinence from alcohol, health problems associated with substance use remain a pressing concern in many AI/AN communities. As part of a longstanding community-based participatory research (CBPR) project involving five years of relationship building and three preliminary studies, our team of academic and community co-researchers developed a culturally grounded intervention to facilitate recovery from substance use disorders among tribal members from a rural AI reservation. Our Indigenous Recovery Planning (IRP) intervention consists of six weekly sessions and aims to provide inroads to existing resources in the community, affirm and enhance Native identity, address culturally relevant risk factors, and build upon strengths. Results from a feasibility pilot study (N = 15) suggest that IRP is feasible to implement and acceptable to the community. Although there was insufficient statistical power to conduct hypothesis testing, there were changes between pretest and posttest scores in the expected directions. Future directions and limitations of this research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julie A. Gameon
- Trauma and Resilience Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
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Avey JP, Wark K, Andrews P, Donadio J, Bradbury T, Outten B. Acceptability and feasibility of an intervention for Alaska Native and American Indian couples. FAMILY RELATIONS 2024; 73:298-317. [PMID: 38576473 PMCID: PMC10989934 DOI: 10.1111/fare.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Objective This acceptability and feasibility study assessed a previously tested movie discussion intervention culturally adapted for a tribal health setting. Background Despite family and relationships being important in Alaska Native and American Indian (ANAI) cultures, social health interventions supporting committed ANAI couples have not been investigated. Couples watching and discussing movies can promote and sustain relationship health as effectively as intensive skill-building classes. Method This study culturally adapted a movie discussion intervention. Multiple stakeholders guided adaptations, including changes to intervention duration, recommended movies, discussion guide, and study measures. Eligible participants were cohabitating adults in a committed relationship, with at least one person in the couple being ANAI. Participants watched and discussed movies over 4 weeks at home or in person. Study measures assessed demographics, relationship characteristics, and intervention acceptability and feasibility. Results Twenty-three couples participated: 87% chose at-home participation, 70% completed the intervention. Almost 90% of couples felt comfortable discussing the movies, felt the discussion guide improved communication, and would recommend the intervention to other couples, but 26% were mildly stressed by the discussions. Conclusion This intervention was a feasible and acceptable way to help ANAI couples maintain positive relationship features. Implications This intervention could support ANAI couples in regions with limited access to behavioral health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaedon P. Avey
- Research Department, Southcentral Foundation, Anchorage, AK
| | - Kyle Wark
- Research Department, Southcentral Foundation, Anchorage, AK
| | - Polly Andrews
- Family Wellness Warriors, Southcentral Foundation, Anchorage, AK
| | - James Donadio
- Family Wellness Warriors, Southcentral Foundation, Anchorage, AK
| | - Thomas Bradbury
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Bobbi Outten
- Family Wellness Warriors, Southcentral Foundation, Anchorage, AK
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Simpson JE, Landers AL, White Hawk S. Longing to belong: The ambiguous loss of Indigenous fostered/adopted individuals. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 148:106441. [PMID: 37833120 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indigenous fostered/adopted individuals report high levels of grief because of their foster care/adoption. Little has been done, however, to explore how grief is experienced and the factors that contribute to said grief for fostered/adopted Indigenous individuals. OBJECTIVE This study examined the experiences of loss and grief of Indigenous individuals fostered/adopted during childhood. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Participants were 102 Indigenous fostered/adopted individuals who described the experiences of loss and grief related to adoption. METHODS This study utilized secondary data from the Fostered and Adopted Individuals Project. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted on open-ended survey data. RESULTS Two themes emerged: (1) ambiguous loss as a result of foster care and adoption and (2) the effects of the ambiguous loss that stem from foster care and adoption. Indigenous fostered/adopted persons experienced ambiguous loss in foster care and adoption. Their loss remained unresolved due to a loss of access to information about their family and tribe of origin. Although family of origin, tribal community, and culture were not physically present due to separation by foster care/adoption, they remained psychologically present. As a result of ambiguous loss, participants experienced disenfranchised grief, wondering and longing to belong, and mental health and substance abuse. CONCLUSION This study is the first of its kind to explore the loss and grief experiences of fostered/adopted Indigenous individuals using ambiguous loss theory. Ambiguous loss theory offers a framework for contextualizing the loss and grief that begins at separation and is present in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Simpson
- Department of Family Social Science, College of Education and Human Development, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States of America.
| | - Ashley L Landers
- Human Development and Family Science Program, Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America.
| | - Sandy White Hawk
- First Nations Repatriation Institute, Shakopee, MN, United States of America
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9
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John-Henderson NA, Counts CJ, Strong NCB, Larsen JM, Jeffs M. Investigating the role of emotion regulation in the relationship between childhood trauma and alcohol problems in American Indian adults. J Affect Disord 2024; 344:440-445. [PMID: 37844782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether use of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression interact with childhood trauma burden to predict alcohol problems in a sample of American Indian adults. METHODS Four hundred and twenty-nine American Indian adults (Mean age = 37.62, 59.5 % male) completed an online survey to measure childhood trauma exposure, perceived impact of childhood trauma, trait use of expressive suppression, and alcohol problems in adulthood. RESULTS Trait use of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression interacted with childhood trauma burden to predict alcohol problems in adulthood. American Indian adults who reported high levels of childhood trauma burden who also reported frequent use of both cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression had significantly more alcohol problems compared to individuals who reported similarly high levels of childhood trauma burden who reported low use of these emotion regulation strategies. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide initial evidence that emotion regulation interventions which focus on different emotion regulation strategies could be an effective way to offset the risk for alcohol problems associated with childhood trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cory J Counts
- Department of Psychology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | | | - Jade M Larsen
- Department of Psychology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
| | - Morgan Jeffs
- Department of Psychology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, United States
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John-Henderson NA, Ginty AT. Profiles of historical loss and childhood trauma as predictors of mental and cardiometabolic health in American Indian adults. SSM - MENTAL HEALTH 2023; 4:100252. [PMID: 38188870 PMCID: PMC10769154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmmh.2023.100252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic disease and mental health conditions are two major contributors to persistent inequities in health and life expectancy for American Indian adults. The atrocities associated with European colonization are linked to intergenerational psychological and emotional wounding (i.e., historical trauma) and high incidence of childhood trauma. Prior work has examined the independent relationships of childhood trauma and thoughts about historical loss with cardiometabolic and mental health in American Indians. In the current work, we used a data-driven approach to identify profiles of childhood trauma and frequency of thoughts about historical loss, and then examined how these profiles related to cardiometabolic and mental health in a sample of American Indian adults from across the United States (N = 727). We found that a profile characterized by high levels of childhood trauma and high frequency of thoughts about historical losses was associated with the greatest risk for mental health conditions. The profile characterized by the highest levels of childhood trauma and by moderate frequency of thoughts about historical losses was associated with the largest risk of cardiometabolic conditions. The findings represent an important first step towards understanding how childhood trauma and thoughts about historical loss may simultaneously inform enduring inequities in American Indian health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annie T. Ginty
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
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Cole AB, Lopez SV, Armstrong CM, Gillson SL, Weiss N, Blair AL, Walls M. An Updated Narrative Review on the Role of Alcohol Among Indigenous Communities. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2023; 10:702-717. [PMID: 38645278 PMCID: PMC11027470 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-023-00520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The role of alcohol varies considerably among Indigenous Peoples and is the backdrop of persistent stereotypes despite decades of research. This paper provides an updated narrative review on the alcohol literature among Indigenous communities, highlighting recent studies published since 2017. Recent Findings We examined published literature involving alcohol use rates, including abstinence; risk and protective factors; treatment; and recovery, as well as future directions for alcohol prevention and intervention efforts with Indigenous communities. Summary Evidence-based alcohol use prevention, intervention, and recovery strategies with Indigenous communities are outlined. Recommendations are provided for researchers, health providers, and public policy advocates to address and better understand alcohol use, treatment, prevention, and recovery among Indigenous Peoples. Specific recommendations include using community-based participatory research strategies and harm reduction approaches to prevent and treat alcohol use problems with Indigenous communities. Future research is needed to elucidate mechanisms of resilience and recovery from Alcohol Use Disorder and possible shifts in perceptions of alcohol use for Indigenous Peoples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley B. Cole
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, 116 Psychology Building, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Susanna V. Lopez
- Center for Indigenous Health Research and Policy, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 5310 E 31st St., Tulsa, OK 74135, USA
| | - Cassidy M. Armstrong
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, 116 Psychology Building, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | | | - Nicole Weiss
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Indigenous Health, 1915 South Street, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Alexandra L. Blair
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, 116 Psychology Building, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Melissa Walls
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Center for Indigenous Health, 1915 South Street, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
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Wharton N, Marcano-Olivier M. An exploration of ex-boarding school adults' attachment styles and substance use behaviours. Attach Hum Dev 2023; 25:583-597. [PMID: 37737677 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2023.2228761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Our study examines the relationship between boarding school attendance, adult attachment styles, parental bonding, and substance use, aiming was to quantitatively investigate if caregiver deprivation caused by boarding contributes to enduring outcomes in adults. In a sample of 149 adults, measures included AUDIT and DUDIT (substance use), Parental Bonding Instrument (parental care), and Experiences in Close Relationships (adult attachment). Pearson's correlation revealed a significant negative association between age at first boarding and anxiety, avoidant attachment styles, and poorer parental care, whilst a significant positive relationship was identified between age at first boarding and perceived parental care. This was supported by a hierarchical regression which demonstrated that the model predicted 29% of the variance in age at first boarding. These results contribute towards the formulation and treatment of ex-boarders and to research considering the effects of boarding school experiences on difficulties in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Wharton
- Birmingham City University, Curzon Building, Birmingham, England, United Kingdom
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Tuitt NR, Wexler LM, Kaufman CE, Whitesell NR, Rink E, Anastario M, Ivanich JD, Belone L, Moore RS, Huh D, Campbell TE, Allen J. Unsettling Settler Colonialism in Research: Strategies Centering Native American Experience and Expertise in Responding to Substance Misuse and Co-occurring Sexual Risk-Taking, Alcohol-Exposed Pregnancy, and Suicide Prevention Among Young People. ADVERSITY AND RESILIENCE SCIENCE 2023; 4:389-400. [PMID: 38045956 PMCID: PMC10688593 DOI: 10.1007/s42844-023-00100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Native American (NA) populations in the USA (i.e., those native to the USA which include Alaska Natives, American Indians, and Native Hawaiians) have confronted unique historical, sociopolitical, and environmental stressors born of settler colonialism. Contexts with persistent social and economic disadvantage are critical determinants of substance misuse and co-occurring sexual risk-taking and suicide outcomes, as well as alcohol exposed pregnancy among NA young people (i.e., adolescents and young adults). Despite intergenerational transmission of resistance and resiliencies, NA young people face continued disparities in substance misuse and co-occurring outcomes when compared to other racial and ethnic groups in the USA. The failure in progress to address these inequities is the result of a complex set of factors; many of which are structural and rooted in settler colonialism. One of these structural factors includes barriers evident in health equity research intended to guide solutions to address these disparities yet involving maintenance of a research status quo that has proven ineffective to developing these solutions. Explicitly or implicitly biased values, perspectives, and practices are deeply rooted in current research design, methodology, analysis, and dissemination and implementation efforts. This status quo has been supported, intentionally and unintentionally, by researchers and research institutions with limited experience or knowledge in the historical, social, and cultural contexts of NA communities. We present a conceptual framework illustrating the impact of settler colonialism on current research methods and opportunities to unsettle its influence. Moreover, our framework illustrates opportunities to resist settler colonialism in research. We then focus on case examples of studies from the Intervention Research to Improve Native American Health program, funded by the NIH, that impact substance use and co-occurring health conditions among NA young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R. Tuitt
- Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lisa M. Wexler
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carol E. Kaufman
- Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nancy Rumbaugh Whitesell
- Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth Rink
- Center for American Indian and Rural Health Equity, College of Education, Health, and Human Resources, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Michael Anastario
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jerreed D. Ivanich
- Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lorenda Belone
- Center for Participatory Research, Department of Health, Exercise, and Sports Science, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Roland S. Moore
- Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - David Huh
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - James Allen
- Department of Family Medicine and Biobehavioral Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Lyons AJ, Hirchak KA, Kordas G, Herron JL, Jansen K, Alcover KC, Bergerson D, Avey JP, Shaw J, Roll J, Buchwald D, McDonell MG. Factors Associated with Child Removal Among American Indian and Alaska Native People in an Alcohol Intervention Study. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2023; 28:599-607. [PMID: 36314509 PMCID: PMC10499114 DOI: 10.1177/10775595221134689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This study was a secondary data analysis of factors associated with alcohol-related child removal among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) adults enrolled in a clinical trial of an alcohol intervention. Among 326 parent participants, 40% reported ever having a child removed from their care in part because of the parent's alcohol use, defined here as alcohol-related child removal. Seventy-five percent of parents reported at least one separation during their own childhood (M = 1.3, SD = 1.0). In a multivariable analysis, alcohol-related child removal was associated with parental boarding school attendance. No relationship was found between alcohol-related child removal and alcohol intervention outcomes. Results may provide evidence of multigenerational child removal impacts of boarding schools on AI/AN adults receiving an alcohol use disorder intervention. Assessment of parental history of child removal by practitioners, strategies to prevent alcohol-related separation and to support reunification should be integrated into addiction treatment in AI/AN communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abram J. Lyons
- Behavioral Health Innovations, Department of Medical Education and Clinical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
- Partnerships for Native Health, Institute for Research and Education to Advance Community Health, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
- School of Social Policy & Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katherine A. Hirchak
- Behavioral Health Innovations, Department of Medical Education and Clinical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
- Partnerships for Native Health, Institute for Research and Education to Advance Community Health, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Gordon Kordas
- Behavioral Health Innovations, Department of Medical Education and Clinical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
- Partnerships for Native Health, Institute for Research and Education to Advance Community Health, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Jalene L. Herron
- Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse and Addictions, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Karl C. Alcover
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD USA
| | | | | | | | - John Roll
- Behavioral Health Innovations, Department of Medical Education and Clinical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
- Partnerships for Native Health, Institute for Research and Education to Advance Community Health, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Dedra Buchwald
- Behavioral Health Innovations, Department of Medical Education and Clinical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
- Institute for Research and Education to Advance Community Health, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Michael G. McDonell
- Behavioral Health Innovations, Department of Medical Education and Clinical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
- Partnerships for Native Health, Institute for Research and Education to Advance Community Health, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
- Institute for Research and Education to Advance Community Health, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
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15
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Edwards KM, Waterman EA, Mullet N, Herrington R, Cornelius S, Hopfauf S, Trujillo P, Wheeler LA, Deusch AR. Indigenous Cultural Identity Protects Against Intergenerational Transmission of ACEs Among Indigenous Caregivers and Their Children. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023:10.1007/s40615-023-01795-z. [PMID: 37697145 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01795-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
A large body of empirical research has demonstrated that caregiver adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) predict ACEs in one's child, a phenomenon known as the intergenerational transmission of ACEs. Little of this empirical research, however, has focused specifically on Indigenous peoples despite a growing body of theoretical literature and the wisdom of Elders and Traditional Knowledge Keepers that speaks to the presence of this phenomenon within Indigenous communities as well as the protective role of Indigenous cultural identity in preventing the intergenerational transmission of ACEs. The purpose of the current study was to conduct an empirical evaluation of this hypothesis, specifically that Indigenous cultural identity and social support protects against the intergenerational transmission of ACEs among Indigenous peoples and their children in the USA. Participants were 106 Indigenous women caregivers of children ages 10 to 14 in South Dakota who completed surveys. Results showed that Indigenous cultural identity moderated the association between caregiver ACEs and child ACEs. At high levels of cultural identity, there was no association between caregiver ACEs and child ACEs. At low levels of Indigenous cultural identity, however, there was a strong and positive relationship between caregiver ACEs and child ACEs. Social support did not moderate the association between caregiver ACEs and child ACEs. These findings underscore the need for initiatives that enhance Indigenous cultural identity and social support among Indigenous caregivers to prevent the intergenerational transmission of ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Arielle R Deusch
- Avera Research Institute, Sioux Falls, USA
- University of South Dakota, Vermillion, USA
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16
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Herne MM, Charleston L. Insight of a headache medicine provider in Indian Health Service: A personal and professional observation. Headache 2023; 63:697-699. [PMID: 37171379 DOI: 10.1111/head.14508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Larry Charleston
- Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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17
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Weeks R, White S, Hartner AM, Littlepage S, Wolf J, Masten K, Tingey L. COVID-19 Messaging on Social Media for American Indian and Alaska Native Communities: Thematic Analysis of Audience Reach and Web Behavior. JMIR INFODEMIOLOGY 2022; 2:e38441. [PMID: 36471705 PMCID: PMC9709694 DOI: 10.2196/38441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, tribal and health organizations used social media to rapidly disseminate public health guidance highlighting protective behaviors such as masking and vaccination to mitigate the pandemic's disproportionate burden on American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities. OBJECTIVE Seeking to provide guidance for future communication campaigns prioritizing AI/AN audiences, this study aimed to identify Twitter post characteristics associated with higher performance, measured by audience reach (impressions) and web behavior (engagement rate). METHODS We analyzed Twitter posts published by a campaign by the Johns Hopkins Center for Indigenous Health from July 2020 to June 2021. Qualitative analysis was informed by in-depth interviews with members of a Tribal Advisory Board and thematically organized according to the Health Belief Model. A general linearized model was used to analyze associations between Twitter post themes, impressions, and engagement rates. RESULTS The campaign published 162 Twitter messages, which organically generated 425,834 impressions and 6016 engagements. Iterative analysis of these Twitter posts identified 10 unique themes under theory- and culture-related categories of framing knowledge, cultural messaging, normalizing mitigation strategies, and interactive opportunities, which were corroborated by interviews with Tribal Advisory Board members. Statistical analysis of Twitter impressions and engagement rate by theme demonstrated that posts featuring culturally resonant community role models (P=.02), promoting web-based events (P=.002), and with messaging as part of Twitter Chats (P<.001) were likely to generate higher impressions. In the adjusted analysis controlling for the date of posting, only the promotion of web-based events (P=.003) and Twitter Chat messaging (P=.01) remained significant. Visual, explanatory posts promoting self-efficacy (P=.01; P=.01) and humorous posts (P=.02; P=.01) were the most likely to generate high-engagement rates in both the adjusted and unadjusted analysis. CONCLUSIONS Results from the 1-year Twitter campaign provide lessons to inform organizations designing social media messages to reach and engage AI/AN social media audiences. The use of interactive events, instructional graphics, and Indigenous humor are promising practices to engage community members, potentially opening audiences to receiving important and time-sensitive guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Weeks
- Center for Indigenous Health Department of International Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore, MD United States
| | - Sydney White
- Center for Indigenous Health Department of International Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore, MD United States
| | - Anna-Maria Hartner
- Center for Indigenous Health Department of International Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore, MD United States
| | - Shea Littlepage
- Center for Indigenous Health Department of International Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore, MD United States
| | | | - Kristin Masten
- Center for Indigenous Health Department of International Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore, MD United States
| | - Lauren Tingey
- Center for Indigenous Health Department of International Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore, MD United States
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18
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Suchy-Dicey A, Eyituoyo H, O'Leary M, Cole SA, Traore A, Verney S, Howard B, Manson S, Buchwald D, Whitney P. Psychological and social support associations with mortality and cardiovascular disease in middle-aged American Indians: the Strong Heart Study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:1421-1433. [PMID: 35157091 PMCID: PMC9247016 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02237-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our study examined psychosocial risk and protective features affecting cardiovascular and mortality disparities in American Indians, including stress, anger, cynicism, trauma, depression, quality of life, and social support. METHODS The Strong Heart Family Study cohort recruited American Indian adults from 12 communities over 3 regions in 2001-2003 (N = 2786). Psychosocial measures included Cohen Perceived Stress, Spielberger Anger Expression, Cook-Medley cynicism subscale, symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale, Short Form 12-a quality of life scale, and the Social Support and Social Undermining scale. Cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality were evaluated by surveillance and physician adjudication through 2017. RESULTS Participants were middle-aged, 40% male, with mean 12 years formal education. Depression symptoms were correlated with anger, cynicism, poor quality of life, isolation, criticism; better social support was correlated with lower cynicism, anger, and trauma. Adjusted time-to-event regressions found that depression, (poor) quality of life, and social isolation scores formed higher risk for mortality and cardiovascular events, and social support was associated with lower risk. Social support partially explained risk associations in causal mediation analyses. CONCLUSION Altogether, our findings suggest that social support is associated with better mood and quality of life; and lower cynicism, stress, and disease risk-even when said risk may be increased by comorbidities. Future research should examine whether enhancing social support can prospectively reduce risk, as an efficient, cost-effective intervention opportunity that may be enacted at the community level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Suchy-Dicey
- Washington State University Elson S Floyd College of Medicine, 1100 Olive Way Suite 1200, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.
| | - Harry Eyituoyo
- Washington State University Elson S Floyd College of Medicine, 1100 Olive Way Suite 1200, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Marcia O'Leary
- Missouri Breaks Industries Research, Inc., Eagle Butte, USA
| | - Shelley A Cole
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Steve Verney
- Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA
| | | | | | - Dedra Buchwald
- Washington State University Elson S Floyd College of Medicine, 1100 Olive Way Suite 1200, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Paul Whitney
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, USA
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19
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Soto C, West AE, Ramos GG, Unger JB. Substance and Behavioral Addictions among American Indian and Alaska Native Populations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:2974. [PMID: 35270667 PMCID: PMC8910676 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper examines substance and behavioral addictions among American Indian and Alaska Natives (AIAN) to identify the structural and psychosocial risk and cultural protective factors that are associated with substance use and behavioral addictions. METHODS Five databases were used to search for peer reviewed articles through December 2021 that examined substance and behavioral addictions among AIANs. RESULTS The literature search identified 69 articles. Numerous risk factors (i.e., life stressors, severe trauma, family history of alcohol use) and protective factors (i.e., ethnic identity, family support) influence multiple substance (i.e., commercial tobacco, alcohol, opioid, stimulants) and behavioral (e.g., gambling) addictions. CONCLUSIONS There is a dearth of research on behavioral addictions among AIANs. Unique risk factors in AIAN communities such as historical trauma and socioeconomic challenges have interfered with traditional cultural resilience factors and have increased the risk of behavioral addictions. Future research on resilience factors and effective prevention and treatment interventions could help AIANs avoid behavioral addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claradina Soto
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; (G.G.R.); (J.B.U.)
| | - Amy E. West
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA;
| | - Guadalupe G. Ramos
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; (G.G.R.); (J.B.U.)
| | - Jennifer B. Unger
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; (G.G.R.); (J.B.U.)
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Stern JA, Barbarin O, Cassidy J. Working toward anti-racist perspectives in attachment theory, research, and practice. Attach Hum Dev 2021; 24:392-422. [PMID: 34528474 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2021.1976933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent social movements have illuminated systemic inequities in U.S. society, including within the social sciences. Thus, it is essential that attachment researchers and practitioners engage in reflection and action to work toward anti-racist perspectives in the field. Our aims in this paper are (1) to share the generative conversations and debates that arose in preparing the Special Issue of Attachment & Human Development, "Attachment Perspectives on Race, Prejudice, and Anti-Racism"; and (2) to propose key considerations for working toward anti-racist perspectives in the field of attachment. We provide recommendations for enriching attachment theory (e.g. considering relations between caregivers' racial-ethnic socialization and secure base provision), research (e.g. increasing the representation of African American researchers and participants), and practice (e.g. advocating for policies that reduce systemic inequities in family supports). Finally, we suggest two relevant models integrating attachment theory with perspectives from Black youth development as guides for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Stern
- Department Of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States
| | - Oscar Barbarin
- Department Of African American Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, United States.,Department Of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, United States
| | - Jude Cassidy
- Department Of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, United States
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21
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Vermund SH. Where Should Orphaned and Separated Children and Adolescents Live: Comparing Institutionalized- and Family-Based Venues in Kenya. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2125572. [PMID: 34529069 PMCID: PMC10773959 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.25572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sten H Vermund
- Office of the Dean, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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22
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Downey N. The Importance of Culture in Treating Substance Use Disorder: Example Application With Indigenous People. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2021; 59:7-12. [PMID: 34060956 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20210512-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Substance use is a common issue worldwide, but it disproportionately affects the Indigenous population in America. As culture affects many aspects of health and wellness, including the presentation and effectiveness of treatment interventions, it is vital that health care providers look at substance use within a cultural context. The Campinha-Bacote Model: The Process of Cultural Competemility in the Delivery of Healthcare Services model is a helpful tool to assess a cultural group in the context of health care. The knowledge and use of this model may assist health care professionals in providing culturally competent care for the Indigenous population in America, as well as other people from various cultural backgrounds. This model also promotes the consideration of cultural factors in nursing research and evidence-based interventions, which may assist in reducing the current disparities that exist within the Indigenous population. The current article addresses the Campinha-Bacote Model in reference to substance use disorder in the Indigenous population in America and the relation to nursing practice and research. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 59(6), 7-12.].
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23
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Richards TN, Schwartz JA, Wright E. Examining adverse childhood experiences among Native American persons in a nationally representative sample: Differences among racial/ethnic groups and race/ethnicity-sex dyads. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 111:104812. [PMID: 33220946 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Existing research using nationally representative samples has provided valuable information regarding the prevalence and context of childhood adversity, but Native American persons have largely been absent from these studies. OBJECTIVE We examined adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among persons identifying as White, Black, Asian, Hispanic, and Native American in the NESARC, a longitudinal study (Wave 1: 2001-2002; Wave 2: 2004-2005) using a nationally representative sample from the United States. METHODS Means tests and negative binomial regression were used to examine the prevalence and variety of ACEs across racial/ethnic groups and race/ethnicity-sex dyads. RESULTS Native American persons reported the greatest average number and variety of ACEs than persons from any other racial/ethnic group, and reported the highest rates of physical abuse, sexual abuse, parental substance abuse, and witnessing violence than members of any other racial/ethnic category. Native American females reported the greatest rates of emotional abuse, while Native American males reported the greatest rates of physical neglect; the highest rates of parental substance use among the race/ethnicity-sex dyads were reported by both Native American females and males. Significantly higher rates of sexual violence were reported by Native American females compared to other groups; almost 1 in 4 Native American females reported sexual violence. CONCLUSIONS Future research should make a concerted effort to broaden examinations of ACEs to include Native American respondents and to include measures of historical trauma and racial discrimination. Broader support for system change as well as increased development and use of culturally responsive prevention and intervention programming is likely necessary to reduce ACEs among Native American persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara N Richards
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Nebraska Omaha, USA.
| | - Joseph A Schwartz
- College of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Florida State University, USA
| | - Emily Wright
- School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Nebraska Omaha, USA
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