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Dragone M, Bacchini D, Esposito C, Affuso G, De Angelis G, Stasolla F, De Luca Picione R. A Four-Wave Cross-Lagged Study of Exposure to Violent Contexts, Cognitive Distortions, and School Bullying during Adolescence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:883. [PMID: 39063460 PMCID: PMC11277227 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21070883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
School bullying represents a widespread expression of violence in the peer context. Guided by the social-ecological model, this study investigated the longitudinal and transactional pathways linking domestic and neighborhood/community violence exposure (through direct victimization and witnessing), self-serving cognitive distortions (CDs), and school bullying perpetration. Furthermore, consistent with the previous literature, we tested the cognitive desensitization process that could develop in response to chronically violent contexts. Two four-wave cross-lagged panel mediation models were tested in a sample of 778 high school students (28.1% males; Mage [Time 1; T1] = 14.20, SD = 0.58). The results showed differential effects of multiple contexts and forms of violence exposure, with domestic violence victimization and community violence witnessing being associated with self-serving CDs and bullying perpetration over time. Moreover, significant associations between CDs and bullying perpetration over time were found, with bidirectional effects for each of these longitudinal patterns. Finally, self-serving CDs significantly mediated the relationships between both domestic violence victimization and community violence witnessing and school bullying perpetration. These findings highlight the need to consider school bullying as a social phenomenon stemming from a complex and bidirectional interplay between individuals and the environments they inhabit, confirming a basic postulate that "violence breeds violence".
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Dragone
- Faculty of Law, Giustino Fortunato University, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (M.D.); (F.S.); (R.D.L.P.)
| | - Dario Bacchini
- Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80133 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Concetta Esposito
- Department of Humanistic Studies, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80133 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Gaetana Affuso
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Grazia De Angelis
- Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Pegaso University, 80143 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Stasolla
- Faculty of Law, Giustino Fortunato University, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (M.D.); (F.S.); (R.D.L.P.)
| | - Raffaele De Luca Picione
- Faculty of Law, Giustino Fortunato University, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (M.D.); (F.S.); (R.D.L.P.)
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Zhang Y, Liu J, Chen L, Yang T, Luo X, Cui X, Wu S, He Y, Lu J. Prevalence of co-occurring severe depression and psychotic symptoms in college students and its relationship with childhood maltreatment. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 146:106470. [PMID: 37748208 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated that childhood maltreatment (CM) is associated with an increased risk of depression and psychotic symptoms. However, there is still a lack of studies on the prevalence of co-occurring severe depression and psychotic symptoms (CSDPS) and the association between CM and CSDPS among college students. OBJECTIVE We aim to investigate the prevalence and demographic distribution of CSDPS among Chinese college students and to examine its relationship with CM. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A total of 7351 college students aged 18 and above completed the survey. Finally, 6854 valid questionnaires were included for further analysis. METHODS The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the item for witnessing domestic violence were used to assess the CM. The Prodromal Questionnaire-16 and the depression subscale of the Depression Anxiety and Stress-21 scale were used to assess psychotic symptoms and depressive symptoms. RESULTS The prevalence of CSDPS was 1.47 % among the college students. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that emotional abuse and emotional neglect were associated with an increased risk of CSDPS (all p < 0.05). The risk of CSDPS was dramatically increased for individuals who had experienced ≥3 types of CM (OR = 22.929, p < 0.001), as compared to those who had experienced 1-2 types of CM (OR = 4.452, p < 0.001) and those without the experience of CM. CONCLUSION CM was found to be associated with an increased risk of CSDPS among the college students. Notably, experiencing more types of CM was also associated with a higher risk of CSDPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jianbo Liu
- Department of Child Psychiatry of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen 518003, China
| | - Lin Chen
- The First Clinical College, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tingyu Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xuerong Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xilong Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Shuxian Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yuqiong He
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Jianping Lu
- Department of Child Psychiatry of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen 518003, China.
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Gong J, Zhou L, Zhao L, Zhang S, Chen Z, Liu J. Epidemiology of Childhood Witnessing Domestic Violence and Exploration of Its Relationships With Affective Lability and Suicide Attempts in Chinese Young Adults. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP22834-NP22863. [PMID: 35229677 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211072221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Childhood witnessing domestic violence (CWDV) exerts short- and long-term negative impacts on emotional and behavioral health. The present study investigated the epidemiological features of CWDV, and its negative impact on psychological outcomes in a sample of Chinese college students. The mediating role of emotion regulation strategies on CWDV associations with psychological outcomes and gender differences in these relationships were examined. A total of 3,126 respondents (1,034 males; 2,086 females; 6 missing data in gender) completed the study questionnaire, which included demographic characteristics, CWDV, and suicide attempt history items as well as the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and Affect Lability Scale-18 (ALS-18). Overall, 43.03% of the respondents reported CWDV, including 44.87% of males and 42.09% of females. Higher frequencies of CWDV were found to be related to the following factors: unstable marital status of parents; not being an only child; being a left-behind child, family financial difficulties, consumption of alcohol in the past year, and being in relatively poor physical condition. Among males, ERQ suppression scores were significantly higher for those men who experienced "often or every day" CWDV than for men who indicated that they did not have any history of CWDV (Bonferroni-corrected p = 0.047). More frequent CWDV was associated with higher ALS-18 scores and increased risk of suicide attempts in males and females (p < 0.05), and emotion regulation (suppression) was found to mediate the association between CWDV and affective lability among males. This study revealed high rates of CWDV, and serious impacts of CWDV on mental health in male and female Chinese college students. In males, but not females, emotion regulation strategy use, use of suppression, was found to act as a mediator in the association of CWDV with affective lability. Our findings suggest that interventions for individuals with CWDV should focus on the emotional regulation, which may help them improve mental health, especially in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Gong
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai 200335, China
- Department of Applied Psychology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine118393, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lihua Zhou
- College of Education Science, Hengyang Normal University12573, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Lishun Zhao
- Department of Applied Psychology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine118393, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shujun Zhang
- Department of Applied Psychology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine118393, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- Department of Applied Psychology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine118393, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianbo Liu
- Department of Child Psychiatry of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen Mental Health Center, School of mental health, Shenzhen University504010, Shenzhen, China
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Su Z, McDonnell D, Cheshmehzangi A, Ahmad J, Chen H, Šegalo S, Cai Y. What "Family Affair?" Domestic Violence Awareness in China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:795841. [PMID: 35309197 PMCID: PMC8930911 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.795841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Domestic violence is toxic to society. With approximately one in three women on average falling victim to domestic violence, systematic solutions are needed. To further complicate the issue, mounting research shows that COVID-19 has further exacerbated domestic violence across the world. Situations could be even more pronounced in countries like China, where though domestic violence is prevalent, there is a dearth of research, such as intervention studies, to address the issue. This study investigates key barriers to domestic violence research development in China, with a close focus on salient cultural influences. Methods A review of the literature on domestic violence in China in PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus was conducted to answer the research question. The search was focused on three themes, domestic violence, China, research, and cultural influences. Results The study findings show that categorizing domestic violence as a "family affair" is a key barrier to domestic violence research development in China-an incremental hindrance that prevents the public and policymakers from understanding the full scale and scope of domestic violence in China. In addition to abusers, witnesses, and victims, even law enforcement in China often dismisses domestic violence crimes as "family affairs" that resides outside the reach and realm of the law. The results indicated that mistreating domestic violence crimes as "family affairs" is a vital manifestation of the deep-rooted cultural influences in China, ranging from traditional Confucian beliefs in social harmony to the assumed social norms of not interfering with other people's businesses. Conclusion Domestic violence corrupts public health and social stability. Our study found that dismissing domestic violence cases as "family affairs" is an incremental reason why China's domestic violence research is scarce and awareness is low. In light of the government's voiced support for women's rights, we call for the Chinese government to develop effective interventions to timely and effectively address the domestic violence epidemic in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Su
- School of Public Health, Institute for Human Rights, Southeast University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Zhaohui Su
| | - Dean McDonnell
- Department of Humanities, South East Technological University, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Ali Cheshmehzangi
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China,Network for Education and Research on Peace and Sustainability (NERPS), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Junaid Ahmad
- Prime Institute of Public Health, Peshawar Medical College, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Hengcai Chen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China
| | - Sabina Šegalo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Yuyang Cai
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,China Institute for Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Yuyang Cai
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Morgan T, Yang S, Liu B, Cao Y. A comparison of psychological resilience and related factors in Chinese firstborn and only children. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 53:102360. [PMID: 32871400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this research is to compare psychological resilience in Chinese firstborn and only children and its relation to perceived parenting styles and child abuse. The results found that total psychological resilience score, and resilience subscales such as emotion control and goal focus mean scores of the firstborn child was significantly lower compared to the only child (Ps<0.05). The total psychological resilience scores of both male and female in firstborn children was significantly lower, when compared respectively to only children (Ps<0.01). Emotional warmth and understanding in both parents was positively correlated to total psychological resilience (Ps<0.01) in the only child. Severe punishment by the father and rejection/denial by the mother were factors negatively correlated to total psychological resilience score in the only child (Ps<0.01). Severe punishment and rejection/denial by the father and severe punishment by the mother was negatively correlated to total psychological resilience score in the firstborn child (Ps<0.05). Child abuse was negatively correlated to total psychological resilience (r= -0.246, P < 0.05) scores in the only child, and was negatively correlated to goal focus (r= -0.191, P < 0.05) and emotion control (r= -0.222, P < 0.05) scores in the first born child. In conclusion, the firstborn child had a lower psychological resilience score when compared to the only child, especially the female firstborn child. Negative perceived parenting style and child abuse were detrimental to psychological resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Morgan
- Mental Health Institute of Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Shichang Yang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, China
| | - Bowen Liu
- Mental Health Institute of Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yuping Cao
- Mental Health Institute of Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, The China National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.
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Kim J, Farber NB, Kim YK. Multiple Forms of Early Violent Socialization and the Acceptance of Interpersonal Violence Among Chinese College Students. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2019; 34:474-491. [PMID: 31171729 DOI: 10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-17-00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Early violent socialization has consistently been associated with individuals' attitudes toward interpersonal violence in adulthood. However, how particular types of violent socialization during childhood differently influence individuals' acceptance of interpersonal violence remains unclear. The current study examined the effect of multiple types of violent socialization on acceptance of interpersonal violence among Chinese college students in Hong Kong (N = 794). The findings of hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that verbal advice regarding and witnessed experience with violence during childhood predict the acceptance of violence. In contrast, childhood experience of being a violence victim was not significantly associated with the acceptance of violence. In addition, gender moderates the relationship between verbal advice toward violence and acceptance of violence. Therefore, educational interventions related to the impact of multiple forms of violent socialization on attitudes toward violence that create a safe and stable environment for children may be beneficial for parents, teachers, and practitioners who work closely with children. The results may be also useful in informing colleges, universities, and professional practitioners as they make decisions about social awareness programs for college students to help change their attitudes toward violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongsuk Kim
- College of Social Work, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Naomi B Farber
- College of Social Work, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Youn Kyoung Kim
- School of Social Work, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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Alcalá HE, Balkrishnan R. Mental Health Services in Childhood: The Role of Family Adversity. Public Health Rep 2019; 134:180-188. [PMID: 30844343 DOI: 10.1177/0033354919826555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Much of the research on the effects of childhood adversity on mental health has focused on adults. The objective of our study was to examine the individual and cumulative effect of childhood adversity on mental health service use among children. METHODS We used data from the 2011-2012 National Survey of Children's Health (n = 79 834) to determine the use of mental health services in the past 12 months among children aged 2-17. The independent variables of interest were experiencing any 1 of 9 adverse family experiences (AFEs). We used logistic regression models to determine if each AFE was associated with mental health service use. We also examined AFEs as a continuous measure, representing the number of AFEs (ranging from 0 to 9) that summed them individually, and we examined age-by-AFE and age-by-need interaction terms. We adjusted all models for confounders. RESULTS Compared with not experiencing an AFE, experiencing all AFEs was associated with higher odds of mental health service use. Neighborhood violence was associated with the greatest increase in odds of mental health service use (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.00-2.77). When measured as a continuous scale, each additional AFE was associated with higher odds of mental health service use (aOR = 1.33; 95% CI, 1.28-1.37). The effect of AFEs on mental health service use decreased with age. CONCLUSIONS The observed association between AFEs and use of mental health services may be attributable to more severe or poorly managed mental illness among these children. Efforts are needed to increase access to and quality of mental health care among children affected by AFEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor E Alcalá
- 1 Program in Public Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,2 Department of Family, Program in Public Health, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Rajesh Balkrishnan
- 1 Program in Public Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Kim HJ, Min JY, Min KB, Lee TJ, Yoo S. Relationship among family environment, self-control, friendship quality, and adolescents' smartphone addiction in South Korea: Findings from nationwide data. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190896. [PMID: 29401496 PMCID: PMC5798771 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have examined the negative impact on smartphone addiction in adolescents. Recent concerns have focused on predictors of smartphone addiction. This study aimed to investigate the association of adolescents’ smartphone addiction with family environment (specifically, domestic violence and parental addiction). We further investigated whether self-control and friendship quality, as predictors of smartphone addiction, may reduce the observed risk. Methods We used the 2013 national survey on internet usage and utilization data from the National Information Agency of Korea. Information on exposure and covariates included self-reported experience of domestic violence and parental addiction, sociodemographic variables, and other variables potentially related to smartphone addiction. Smartphone addiction was estimated using a smartphone addiction proneness scale, a standardized measure developed by national institutions in Korea. Results Adolescents who had experienced domestic violence (OR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.23–2.45) and parental addiction (OR = 2.01; 95% CI: 1.24–3.27) were found to be at an increased risk for smartphone addiction after controlling for all potential variables. Furthermore, on classifying adolescents according to their level of self-control and friendship quality the association between domestic violence and parental addiction, and smartphone addiction was found to be significant in the group with adolescents with lower levels of self-control (OR = 2.87; 95% CI: 1.68–4.90 and OR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.34–2.83) and friendship quality (OR = 2.33; 95% CI: 1.41–3.85 and OR = 1.83; 95% CI: 1.26–2.64). Conclusion Our findings suggest that family dysfunction was significantly associated with smartphone addiction. We also observed that self-control and friendship quality act as protective factors against adolescents’ smartphone addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jin Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Min
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Bok Min
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Tae-Jin Lee
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyun Yoo
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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