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Na I, Kim T, Qiu P, Son Y. Machine learning model to predict rate constants for sonochemical degradation of organic pollutants. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 110:107032. [PMID: 39178555 PMCID: PMC11386492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
In this study, machine learning (ML) algorithms were employed to predict the pseudo-1st-order reaction rate constants for the sonochemical degradation of aqueous organic pollutants under various conditions. A total of 618 sets of data, including ultrasonic, solution, and pollutant characteristics, were collected from 89 previous studies. Considering the difference between the electrical power (Pele) and calorimetric power (Pcal), the collected data were divided into two groups: data with Pele and data with Pcal. Eight input variables, including frequency, power density, pH, temperature, initial concentration, solubility, vapor pressure, and octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow), and one target variable of the degradation rate constant, were selected for ML. Statistical analysis was conducted, and outliers were determined separately for the two groups. ML models, including random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), and light gradient boosting machine (LGB), were used to predict the pseudo-1st-order reaction rate constants for the removal of aqueous pollutants. The prediction performance of the ML models was evaluated using different metrics, including the root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and R squared (R2). A significantly higher prediction performance was obtained using data without outliers and augmented data. Consequently, all the applied ML models could be used to predict the sonochemical degradation of aqueous pollutants, and the XGB model showed the highest accuracy in predicting the rate constants. In addition, the power density and frequency were the most influential factors among the eight input variables in prediction with the Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) values method. The degradation rate constants of the two pollutants over a wide frequency range (20-1,000 kHz) were predicted using the trained ML model (XGB) and the prediction results were analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iseul Na
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea; Department of Energy Engineering Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Kim
- AI Lab, ROSIS IT, Seoul 07547, Republic of Korea
| | - Pengpeng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Institute of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Younggyu Son
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea; Department of Energy Engineering Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea.
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Fava de Lima F, Siqueira de Nóbrega R, Cesare Biselli PJ, Takachi Moriya H. Central venous pressure waveform analysis during sleep/rest: a novel approach to enhance intensive care unit post-extubation monitoring of extubation failure. J Clin Monit Comput 2024; 38:961-979. [PMID: 38954170 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-024-01171-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
This pilot study aimed to investigate the relation between cardio-respiratory parameters derived from Central Venous Pressure (CVP) waveform and Extubation Failure (EF) in mechanically ventilated ICU patients during post-extubation period. This study also proposes a new methodology for analysing these parameters during rest/sleep periods to try to improve the identification of EF. We conducted a prospective observational study, computing CVP-derived parameters including breathing effort, spectral analyses, and entropy in twenty critically ill patients post-extubation. The Dynamic Warping Index (DWi) was calculated from the respiratory component extracted from the CVP signal to identify rest/sleep states. The obtained parameters from EF patients and patients without EF were compared both during arbitrary periods and during reduced DWi (rest/sleep). We have analysed data from twenty patients of which nine experienced EF. Our findings may suggest significantly increased respiratory effort in EF patients compared to those successfully extubated. Our study also suggests the occurrence of significant change in the frequency dispersion of the cardiac signal component. We also identified a possible improvement in the differentiation between the two groups of patients when assessed during rest/sleep states. Although with caveats regarding the sample size, the results of this pilot study may suggest that CVP-derived cardio-respiratory parameters are valuable for monitoring respiratory failure during post-extubation, which could aid in managing non-invasive interventions and possibly reduce the incidence of EF. Our findings also indicate the possible importance of considering sleep/rest state when assessing cardio-respiratory parameters, which could enhance respiratory failure detection/monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Fava de Lima
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Henrique Takachi Moriya
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Ngusie HS, Mengiste SA, Zemariam AB, Molla B, Tesfa GA, Seboka BT, Alene TD, Sun J. Predicting adverse birth outcome among childbearing women in Sub-Saharan Africa: employing innovative machine learning techniques. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2029. [PMID: 39075434 PMCID: PMC11285398 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19566-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse birth outcomes, including preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirth, remain a major global health challenge, particularly in developing regions. Understanding the possible risk factors is crucial for designing effective interventions for birth outcomes. Accordingly, this study aimed to develop a predictive model for adverse birth outcomes among childbearing women in Sub-Saharan Africa using advanced machine learning techniques. Additionally, this study aimed to employ a novel data science interpretability techniques to identify the key risk factors and quantify the impact of each feature on the model prediction. METHODS The study population involved women of childbearing age from 26 Sub-Saharan African countries who had given birth within five years before the data collection, totaling 139,659 participants. Our data source was a recent Demographic Health Survey (DHS). We utilized various data balancing techniques. Ten advanced machine learning algorithms were employed, with the dataset split into 80% training and 20% testing sets. Model evaluation was conducted using various performance metrics, along with hyperparameter optimization. Association rule mining and SHAP analysis were employed to enhance model interpretability. RESULTS Based on our findings, about 28.59% (95% CI: 28.36, 28.83) of childbearing women in Sub-Saharan Africa experienced adverse birth outcomes. After repeated experimentation and evaluation, the random forest model emerged as the top-performing machine learning algorithm, with an AUC of 0.95 and an accuracy of 88.0%. The key risk factors identified were home deliveries, lack of prenatal iron supplementation, fewer than four antenatal care (ANC) visits, short and long delivery intervals, unwanted pregnancy, primiparous mothers, and geographic location in the West African region. CONCLUSION The region continues to face persistent adverse birth outcomes, emphasizing the urgent need for increased attention and action. Encouragingly, advanced machine learning methods, particularly the random forest algorithm, have uncovered crucial insights that can guide targeted actions. Specifically, the analysis identifies risky groups, including first-time mothers, women with short or long birth intervals, and those with unwanted pregnancies. To address the needs of these high-risk women, the researchers recommend immediately providing iron supplements, scheduling comprehensive prenatal care, and strongly encouraging facility-based deliveries or skilled birth attendance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habtamu Setegn Ngusie
- Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Woldia University, PO Box 400, Woldia, Amhara, Ethiopia.
| | | | - Alemu Birara Zemariam
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Bogale Molla
- Department of Maternal and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Getanew Aschalew Tesfa
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Binyam Tariku Seboka
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
| | - Tilahun Dessie Alene
- Department of Pediatric and Child Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Science, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Jing Sun
- Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, NSW, 2800, Australia
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Q 4215, Queensland, Australia
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Vinatier C, Hoffmann S, Patel C, DeVito NJ, Cristea IA, Tierney B, Ioannidis JPA, Naudet F. What is the vibration of effects? BMJ Evid Based Med 2024:bmjebm-2023-112747. [PMID: 38997151 DOI: 10.1136/bmjebm-2023-112747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Constant Vinatier
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Centre d'investigation clinique de Rennes (CIC1414), Rennes, France
| | - Sabine Hoffmann
- Department of Statistics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
- LMU Open Science Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Chirag Patel
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicholas J DeVito
- Nuffield Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Braden Tierney
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - John P A Ioannidis
- Departments of Medicine, of Epidemiology and Population Health, of Biomedical Data Science, and of Statistics, and Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Florian Naudet
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Centre d'investigation clinique de Rennes (CIC1414), Rennes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
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Brown RE. Measuring the replicability of our own research. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 406:110111. [PMID: 38521128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
In the study of transgenic mouse models of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, we use batteries of tests to measure deficits in behaviour and from the results of these tests, we make inferences about the mental states of the mice that we interpret as deficits in "learning", "memory", "anxiety", "depression", etc. This paper discusses the problems of determining whether a particular transgenic mouse is a valid mouse model of disease X, the problem of background strains, and the question of whether our behavioural tests are measuring what we say they are. The problem of the reliability of results is then discussed: are they replicable between labs and can we replicate our results in our own lab? This involves the study of intra- and inter- experimenter reliability. The variables that influence replicability and the importance of conducting a complete behavioural phenotype: sensory, motor, cognitive and social emotional behaviour are discussed. Then the thorny question of failure to replicate is examined: Is it a curse or a blessing? Finally, the role of failure in research and what it tells us about our research paradigms is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E Brown
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Knaust T, Siebler MBD, Tarnogorski D, Skiberowski P, Höllmer H, Moritz C, Schulz H. Cross-sectional field study comparing hippocampal subfields in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder with comorbid major depressive disorder, and adjustment disorder using routine clinical data. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1123079. [PMID: 37384185 PMCID: PMC10299169 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1123079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The hippocampus is a central brain structure involved in stress processing. Previous studies have linked stress-related mental disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD), with changes in hippocampus volume. As PTSD and MDD have similar symptoms, clinical diagnosis relies solely on patients reporting their cognitive and emotional experiences, leading to an interest in utilizing imaging-based data to improve accuracy. Our field study aimed to determine whether there are hippocampal subfield volume differences between stress-related mental disorders (PTSD, MDD, adjustment disorders, and AdjD) using routine clinical data from a military hospital. Methods Participants comprised soldiers (N = 185) with PTSD (n = 50), MDD (n = 70), PTSD with comorbid MDD (n = 38), and AdjD (n = 27). The hippocampus was segmented and volumetrized into subfields automatically using FreeSurfer. We used ANCOVA models with estimated total intracranial volume as a covariate to determine whether there were volume differences in the hippocampal subfields cornu ammonis 1 (CA1), cornu ammonis 2/3 (CA2/3), and dentate gyrus (DG) among patients with PTSD, MDD, PTSD with comorbid MDD, and AdjD. Furthermore, we added self-reported symptom duration and previous psychopharmacological and psychotherapy treatment as further covariates to examine whether there were associations with CA1, CA2/3, and DG. Results No significant volume differences in hippocampal subfields between stress-related mental disorders were found. No significant associations were detected between symptom duration, psychopharmacological treatment, psychotherapy, and the hippocampal subfields. Conclusion Hippocampal subfields may distinguish stress-related mental disorders; however, we did not observe any subfield differences. We provide several explanations for the non-results and thereby inform future field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiemo Knaust
- Center for Mental Health, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Helge Höllmer
- Center for Mental Health, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Moritz
- Department of Radiology, Bundeswehr Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Holger Schulz
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Murack M, Smith KB, Traynor OH, Pirwani AF, Gostlin SK, Mohamed T, Tata DA, Messier C, Ismail N. Environmental enrichment alters LPS-induced changes in BDNF and PSD-95 expressions during puberty. Brain Res 2023; 1806:148283. [PMID: 36801452 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Puberty is a critical period of cortical reorganization and increased synaptogenesis. Healthy cortical reorganization and synaptic growth require sufficient environmental stimuli and minimalized stress exposure during pubertal development. Exposure to impoverished environments or immune challenges impact cortical reorganization and reduce the expression of proteins associated with neuronal plasticity (BDNF) and synaptogenesis (PSD-95). Environmentally enriched (EE) housing includes improved social-, physical-, and cognitive stimulation. We hypothesized that enriched housing environment would mitigate pubertal stress-induced decreases in BDNF and PSD-95 expressions. Three-week-old male and female CD-1 mice (n = 10 per group) were housed for three weeks in either EE, social or deprived housing conditions. At 6 weeks of age, mice were treated with either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline eight hours prior to tissue collection. Male and female EE mice displayed greater BDNF and PSD-95 expressions in the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus compared to socially housed and deprived housed mice. LPS treatment decreased BDNF expression in all the brain regions examined in EE mice, except for the CA3 region of the hippocampus, where EE housing successfully mitigated the pubertal LPS-induced decrease in BDNF expression. Interestingly, LPS-treated mice housed in deprived conditions displayed unexpected increases in BDNF and PSD-95 expressions throughout the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Both enriched and deprived housing conditions moderate how an immune challenge influences BDNF and PSD-95 expressions in a region-specific manner. These findings also emphasize the vulnerability of brain plasticity during puberty to various environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Murack
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Kevin B Smith
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Olivia H Traynor
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Atiqa F Pirwani
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Sarah K Gostlin
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 Av. McGill College Montreal, Quebec H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Taha Mohamed
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Despoina A Tata
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Claude Messier
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Nafissa Ismail
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada; University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
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McNeilly EA, Saragosa-Harris NM, Mills KL, Dahl RE, Magis-Weinberg L. Reward sensitivity and internalizing symptoms during the transition to puberty: An examination of 9-and 10-year-olds in the ABCD Study. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 58:101172. [PMID: 36368089 PMCID: PMC9649995 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Early pubertal timing has been linked to increased risk for internalizing psychopathology in adolescents. Work in older adolescents and adults suggests that heightened reward sensitivity may buffer risk for internalizing symptoms. However, few studies have investigated these associations during the early transition to puberty, a window of vulnerability to mental health risk. In this preregistered study, we investigated the associations among pubertal timing, internalizing symptoms, and reward sensitivity in a large, population-based sample of 11,224 9-10 year-olds from the ABCD Study®. Using split-half analysis, we tested for within-sample replications of hypothesized effects across two age- and sex-matched subsets of the sample. Early pubertal timing was associated with higher internalizing symptoms in female and male participants across samples, with 9-10 year-olds in the mid-pubertal stage at the highest risk for internalizing symptoms. Additionally, early pubertal timing was robustly associated with greater self-reported reward sensitivity in both female and male participants. We observed inconsistent evidence for a moderating role of reward sensitivity across measurement domains (self-report, behavioral, and fMRI data), several of which differed by sex, but none of these interactions replicated across samples. Together, these findings provide unique insights into early indicators of risk for internalizing psychopathology during the transition to puberty in a large, population-based, demographically diverse sample of youth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kathryn L Mills
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, USA; PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Ronald E Dahl
- Institute of Human Development, University of California, Berkeley, USA; School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, USA
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Evans MN, Waller S, Müller CT, Goossens B, Smith JA, Bakar MSA, Kille P. The price of persistence: Assessing the drivers and health implications of metal levels in indicator carnivores inhabiting an agriculturally fragmented landscape. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 207:112216. [PMID: 34656630 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Patterns and practices of agricultural expansion threaten the persistence of global biodiversity. Wildlife species surviving large-scale land use changes can be exposed to a suite of contaminants that may deleteriously impact their health. There is a paucity of data concerning the ecotoxicological impacts associated with the global palm oil (Elaeis guineensis) industry. We sampled wild Malay civets (Viverra tangalunga) across a patchwork landscape degraded by oil palm agriculture in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Using a non-lethal methodology, we quantified the levels of 13 essential and non-essential metals within the hair of this adaptable small carnivore. We robustly assessed the biological and environmental drivers of intrapopulation variation in measured levels. Metal concentrations were associated with civet age, weight, proximity to a tributary, and access to oxbow lakes. In a targeted case study, the hair metal profiles of 16 GPS-collared male civets with differing space use patterns were contrasted. Civets that entered oil palm plantations expressed elevated aluminium, cadmium, and lead, and lower mercury hair concentrations compared to civets that remained exclusively within the forest. Finally, we paired hair metal concentrations with 34 blood-based health markers to evaluate the possible sub-lethal physiological effects associated with varied hair metal levels. Our multi-facetted approach establishes these adaptable carnivores as indicator species within an extensively altered ecosystem, and provides critical and timely evidence for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan N Evans
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK; Danau Girang Field Centre, Kota Kinabalu, 88100, Malaysia.
| | - Simon Waller
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Carsten T Müller
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Benoit Goossens
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK; Danau Girang Field Centre, Kota Kinabalu, 88100, Malaysia; Sustainable Places Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3BA, UK; Sabah Wildlife Department, Kota Kinabalu, 88100, Malaysia
| | - Jeremy A Smith
- School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, CF37 4BB, UK
| | | | - Peter Kille
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK.
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Benghoul M, Yazici B, Sezer A. Detection and handling outliers in longitudinal data: wavelets decomposition as a solution. COMMUN STAT-SIMUL C 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03610918.2022.2050389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maroua Benghoul
- Faculty of Science, Statistics Department, Eskişehir Technical University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Berna Yazici
- Faculty of Science, Statistics Department, Eskişehir Technical University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Sezer
- Medical Center Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
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Franz MR, Kumar SA, Brock RL, Calvi JL, DiLillo D. Parenting behaviors of mothers with posttraumatic stress: The roles of cortisol reactivity and negative emotion. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2022; 36:130-139. [PMID: 33970654 PMCID: PMC8578576 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Although posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with negative family outcomes, including parenting challenges, little is known about the biological and emotional processes that might underlie this association. The present project addressed this gap by examining associations between maternal PTSD and parenting behaviors in a lab setting. We expected that PTSD would be associated with more ineffective parenting behaviors and that negative emotion and cortisol reactivity would mediate this relation. A total of 78 mothers and their toddler-aged children completed a task designed to elicit parental responses to typical instances of child misbehavior. Salivary cortisol was collected from mothers prior and subsequent to the lab paradigm and mothers provided ratings of their experienced emotion while viewing a video of the interaction. Contrary to hypotheses, cortisol reactivity did not mediate associations between PTSD and parenting. However, findings suggest that PTSD is associated with greater permissive parenting behaviors, and mothers with even subthreshold symptoms of PTSD may experience more negative emotion during challenging parent-child interactions that ultimately interferes with parenting. Mothers with PTSD may benefit from interventions that focus on modifying the intensity of their negative emotions in the context of child misbehavior to more effectively set limits in everyday discipline encounters. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Davidson BM, Kobayashi T. The effect of message modality on memory for political disinformation: Lessons from the 2021 U.S capitol riots. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2022.107241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Bernzen A, Mangnus E, Sohns F. Diversify, produce or buy? An analysis of factors contributing to household dietary diversity among shrimp and non-shrimp farmers in coastal Bangladesh. Food Secur 2022; 14:741-761. [PMID: 35106101 PMCID: PMC8795731 DOI: 10.1007/s12571-021-01245-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Until the Covid-19 pandemic, Bangladesh had reported consistent improvements regarding its food and nutrition security (FNS) status, and yet, the country still features poor FNS outcomes among parts of its population. In rural coastal regions of the Ganges–Brahmaputra-Meghna delta, farming households’ vulnerability is particularly exacerbated by a range of environmental hazards, increasing challenges for agriculture to contribute to higher FNS levels. In the context of existing literature on the trade-offs between subsistence agriculture and cash-earning livelihood activities, vis-à-vis food and nutrition security outcomes, this article assesses the relative contribution of crop diversification vis à vis other factors on the households’ Food Consumption Score (FCS) in specific livelihood contexts. We provide differentiated analyses between primarily export-oriented shrimp farming and non-shrimp farming households, so policy makers can better address FNS targets. Quantitative data from 1,188 sample households across the delta were analysed through descriptive and linear regression analyses. Results show that households cultivating shrimp have a significantly higher dietary diversity than households that do not. Among shrimp farmers, crop diversification has the relatively strongest significant positive effect on dietary diversity, suggesting part of the aquacultural crops are geared towards subsistence. By contrast, crop diversification seems to have a negative effect on dietary diversity among households that do not produce shrimp, especially when different agricultural crops are combined. Importantly, both for shrimp and non-shrimp farmers, crop diversification systems combining agriculture with aquaculture, and agroforestry seem to improve diverse diets among households. While by no means a panacea to solving FNS challenges among rural households, we suggest that promoting specific crop diversification systems could be a beneficial pathway to improved FNS outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Bernzen
- Vechta Institute of Sustainability Transformation in Rural Areas (VISTRA), University of Vechta, Faculty II – Geography, Vechta, Germany
| | | | - Franziska Sohns
- University of Greenwich, Department of International Business and Economics, Greenwich, UK
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OUP accepted manuscript. Ann Work Expo Health 2022; 66:907-922. [DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxac023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Meij L, Pulopulos MM, Hidalgo V, Almela M, Lila M, Roney JR, Salvador A. Hormonal changes of intimate partner violence perpetrators in response to brief social contact with women. Aggress Behav 2022; 48:30-39. [PMID: 34605041 PMCID: PMC9293448 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated whether men with a history of real‐life aggressive, dominant behavior show increases in testosterone and cortisol levels after brief social contact with women. Furthermore, we tested the prediction that such changes in hormones would be larger than those observed previously in young male students. Sixty‐seven male participants convicted of intimate partner violence (IPV) either had brief social contact with a female confederate (experimental condition) or a male confederate (control condition). We also performed meta‐analyses to investigate whether IPV perpetrators' hormonal responses were larger than the typical responses of young male students in prior studies. All statistical analyses were preregistered. Change in testosterone did not differ across experimental conditions, and testosterone in the IPV perpetrators actually declined from baseline in the female confederate condition. Our meta‐analysis showed that this testosterone decrease was different from the testosterone increase typically observed in young male students. The cortisol levels of IPV perpetrators did not change in response to contact with women. This result was consistent with our meta‐analysis since young male students also did not experience a cortisol change in response to interactions with women. In sum, our findings provide no evidence that male IPV perpetrators exhibit larger hormone increases to brief interactions with women, although it is possible that the men in this sample did not perceive the social contact period as a courtship opportunity. These results suggest that hormone reactivity to social encounters may differ across subject populations and depend on how subjects perceive social situations within laboratory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leander Meij
- Department of Industrial Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Matias M. Pulopulos
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Vanesa Hidalgo
- IIS Aragón, Department of Psychology and Sociology, Area of Psychobiology University of Zaragoza Teruel Spain
| | - Mercedes Almela
- Health Department Valencian International University (VIU) Valencia Spain
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology Tilburg University Tilburg The Netherlands
| | - Marisol Lila
- Department of Social Psychology University of Valencia Valencia Spain
| | - James R. Roney
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences University of California Santa Barbara California USA
| | - Alicia Salvador
- Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, IDOCAL University of Valencia Valencia Spain
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16
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Jesse M, Jannach D, Gula B. Digital Nudging for Online Food Choices. Front Psychol 2021; 12:729589. [PMID: 34987443 PMCID: PMC8722444 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.729589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
When people search for what to cook for the day, they increasingly use online recipe sites to find inspiration. Such recipe sites often show popular recipes to make it easier to find a suitable choice. However, these popular recipes are not always the healthiest options and can promote an unhealthy lifestyle. Our goal is to understand to what extent it is possible to steer the food selection of people through digital nudging. While nudges have been shown to affect humans' behavior regarding food choices in the physical world, there is little research on the impact of nudges on online food choices. Specifically, it is unclear how different nudges impact (i) the behavior of people, (ii) the time they need to make a decision, and (iii) their satisfaction and confidence with their selection. We investigate the effects of highlighting, defaults, social information, and warnings on the decision-making of online users through two consecutive user studies. Our results show that a hybrid nudge, which both involves setting a default and adding social information, significantly increases the likelihood that a nudged item is selected. Moreover, it may help decreasing the required decision time for participants while having no negative effects on the participant's satisfaction and confidence. Overall, our work provides evidence that nudges can be effective in this domain, but also that the type of a digital nudge matters. Therefore, different nudges should be evaluated in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Jesse
- Department of AI and Cybersecurity, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
- *Correspondence: Mathias Jesse
| | - Dietmar Jannach
- Department of AI and Cybersecurity, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Bartosz Gula
- Department of Psychology, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
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17
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Song Y, Shen Z, Wu P, Viscarra Rossel RA. Wavelet geographically weighted regression for spectroscopic modelling of soil properties. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17503. [PMID: 34471173 PMCID: PMC8410793 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96772-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil properties, such as organic carbon, pH and clay content, are critical indicators of ecosystem function. Visible-near infrared (vis-NIR) reflectance spectroscopy has been widely used to cost-efficiently estimate such soil properties. Multivariate modelling, such as partial least squares regression (PLSR), and machine learning are the most common methods for modelling soil properties with spectra. Often, such models do not account for the multiresolution information presented in the vis-NIR signal, or the spatial variation in the data. To address these potential shortcomings, we used wavelets to decompose the vis-NIR spectra of 226 soils from agricultural and forested regions in south-western Western Australia and developed a wavelet geographically weighted regression (WGWR) for estimating soil organic carbon content, clay content and pH. To evaluate the WGWR models, we compared them to linear models derived with multiresolution data from a wavelet decomposition (WLR) and PLSR without multiresolution information. Overall, validation of the WGWR models produced more accurate estimates of the soil properties than WLR and PLSR. Around 3.5-49.1% of the improvement in the estimates was due to the multiresolution analysis and 1.0-5.2% due to the integration of spatial information in the modelling. The WGWR improves the modelling of soil properties with spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongze Song
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078School of Design and the Built Environment, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845 Australia
| | - Zefang Shen
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Soil and Landscape Science, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845 Australia
| | - Peng Wu
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078School of Design and the Built Environment, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845 Australia
| | - R. A. Viscarra Rossel
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Soil and Landscape Science, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845 Australia
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18
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Strojny J, Domes G, Fischbacher U, von Dawans B. The modulation of social behavior and empathy via oral contraceptives and female sex hormones. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 131:105250. [PMID: 34126313 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Oral contraceptives (OC) and endogenous female sex hormones in naturally cycling women (NC) are related to a wide range of psychological variables (eg, cognition and affect). Little research on social behavior has been done. One study documented a tendency towards more prosocial behavior in NC than OC women, but the underlying neuroendocrine mechanisms remain unknown. The sex hormones progesterone and estradiol are potential candidates. We analyzed social decision-making and social behavior in 83 healthy women (38 OC and 45 NC) via the Social Value Orientation (SVO) and in real social interactions within a paradigm adapted from behavioral economics. We also measured empathy, and collected saliva samples to quantify the basal levels of estradiol and progesterone. Our analyses revealed higher levels of prosocial behavior and emotional empathy in NC than in OC women, a finding supported by higher levels of prosocial decisions in NC than OC women in the SVO. Regarding the underlying biological mechanisms, we detected lower progesterone levels in OC than NC women. Exploratory analyses revealed a negative correlation between progesterone and trust on the trend level. We found no correlations between estradiol and behavior. Our findings provide evidence that OC modulate social behavior and initial indications of a possible modulation by progesterone. Further research is needed to replicate our findings and extend them to other social behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Strojny
- Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology, University of Trier, D54290 Trier, Germany
| | - Gregor Domes
- Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology, University of Trier, D54290 Trier, Germany
| | - Urs Fischbacher
- Department of Economics, Applied Research in Economics, University of Konstanz, D78457 Konstanz, Germany; Thurgau Institute of Economics, Hafenstrasse 6, CH-8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Bernadette von Dawans
- Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology, University of Trier, D54290 Trier, Germany.
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19
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Herbers J, Miller R, Walther A, Schindler L, Schmidt K, Gao W, Rupprecht F. How to deal with non-detectable and outlying values in biomarker research: Best practices and recommendations for univariate imputation approaches. COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2021; 7:100052. [PMID: 35757062 PMCID: PMC9216349 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-detectable (ND) and outlying concentration values (OV) are a common challenge of biomarker investigations. However, best practices on how to aptly deal with the affected cases are still missing. The high methodological heterogeneity in biomarker-oriented research, as for example, in the field of psychoneuroendocrinology, and the statistical bias in some of the applied methods may compromise the robustness, comparability, and generalizability of research findings. In this paper, we describe the occurrence of ND and OV in terms of a model that considers them as censored data, for instance due to measurement error cutoffs. We then present common univariate approaches in handling ND and OV by highlighting their respective strengths and drawbacks. In a simulation study with lognormal distributed data, we compare the performance of six selected methods, ranging from simple and commonly used to more sophisticated imputation procedures, in four scenarios with varying patterns of censored values as well as for a broad range of cutoffs. Especially deletion, but also fixed-value imputations bear a high risk of biased and pseudo-precise parameter estimates. We also introduce censored regressions as a more sophisticated option for a direct modeling of the censored data. Our analyses demonstrate the impact of ND and OV handling methods on the results of biomarker-oriented research, supporting the need for transparent reporting and the implementation of best practices. In our simulations, the use of imputed data from the censored intervals of a fitted lognormal distribution shows preferable properties regarding our established criteria. We provide the algorithm for this favored routine for a direct application in R on the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/spgtv). Further research is needed to evaluate the performance of the algorithm in various contexts, for example when the underlying assumptions do not hold. We conclude with recommendations and potential further improvements for the field. ND and OV are considered as censored data, e.g. due to measurement error cutoffs. Several common univariate approaches in handling ND and OV are presented. In a simulation study, their performances are compared. A novel algorithm shows preferable properties. General recommendations on how to deal with ND and OV are presented.
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20
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Yahfoufi N, Ah-Yen EG, Chandrasegaram R, Aly S, Murack M, Kadamani AK, Matar C, Ismail N. Adolescent use of potential novel probiotic Rouxiella badensis subsp. acadiensis ( Canan SV-53) mitigates pubertal LPS-Induced behavioral changes in adulthood in a sex-specific manner by modulating 5HT1A receptors expression in specific brain areas. COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2021; 7:100063. [PMID: 35757063 PMCID: PMC9216489 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical period of development during which the brain undergoes significant remodeling that impacts behavior later in life. Exposure to stress, and especially immune challenge, during this period triggers changes in brain function resulting in the development of mental disorders in adulthood, such as depression and anxiety. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that a single exposure to LPS (lipopolysaccharide) during puberty causes enduring depression-like behaviour in females and anxiety-like behaviours in males. However, administration of probiotics during puberty blocked the enduring effects of LPS on depression-like and anxiety-like behaviors in female and male mice, respectively. These results suggest that the gut microbiome is a mediator of the effects of stress on mental health. The objective of the current study is to examine the effectiveness of a novel probiotic Rouxiella badensis subsp. acadiensis (Canan SV-53) in blocking LPS-induced anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors in adult male and female mice. Our results showed that Rouxiella badensis subsp. acadiensis (Canan SV-53) blocked LPS-induced depression-like behavior in female mice. We also found that pubertal treatment with Rouxiella badensis subsp. acadiensis (Canan SV-53) mitigated the LPS-induced decrease in 5HT1A expression in CA1 as well as the LPS-induced increase in 5HT1A expression in the raphe-nuclei in female mice. Contrary to our predictions, pubertal LPS treatment at 6 weeks of age did not induce enduring anxiety-like behavior in males. There was also no difference in anxiety-like behavior between the LPS-sucrose and LPS-probiotic male groups. However, pubertal LPS treatment increased the expression of 5HT1A receptors in the DRN in males, while probiotic exposure mitigated this increase. Our study highlights the consequences of stress exposure (immune challenge) on mental health in adulthood taking into consideration 5HT1A receptors expression at different regions of the brain. It also emphasizes on the importance of considering adolescence as window of opportunities during which probiotic use can alleviate the long-term neural and behavioral alterations induced by stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Yahfoufi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily G. Ah-Yen
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rajini Chandrasegaram
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sarah Aly
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Murack
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony K. Kadamani
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chantal Matar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nafissa Ismail
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Singh V. Role of Cortisol and Testosterone in Risky Decision-Making: Deciphering Male Decision-Making in the Iowa Gambling Task. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:631195. [PMID: 34211361 PMCID: PMC8239136 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.631195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the widely observed high risk-taking behaviors in males, studies using the Iowa gambling task (IGT) have suggested that males choose safe long-term rewards over risky short-term rewards. The role of sex and stress hormones in male decision-making is examined in the initial uncertainty and the latter risk phase of the IGT. The task was tested at peak hormone activity, with breath counting to facilitate cortisol regulation and its cognitive benefits. Results from IGT decision-making before and after counting with saliva samples from two all-male groups (breath vs. number counting) indicated that cortisol declined independent of counting. IGT decision-making showed phase-specific malleability: alteration in the uncertainty phase and stability in the risk phase. Working memory showed alteration, whereas inhibition task performance remained stable, potentially aligning with the phase-specific demands of working memory and inhibition. The results of hierarchical regression for the uncertainty and risk trials indicated that testosterone improved the model fit, cortisol was detrimental for decision-making in uncertainty, and decision-making in the risk trials was benefitted by testosterone. Cortisol regulation accentuated hormones' phase-specific effects on decision-making. Aligned with the dual-hormone hypothesis, sex, and stress hormones might jointly regulate male long-term decision-making in the IGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Singh
- Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
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22
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Richardson T. No association between adult sex steroids and hand preference in humans. Am J Hum Biol 2021; 34:e23605. [PMID: 33949024 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is ongoing debate about the effects of hormones on the lateralization of the developing brain. In humans, there are conflicting theories of how testosterone during development should affect lateralization. Empirical studies linking prenatal and postnatal testosterone levels to hand preference (a proxy for lateralization) are similarly mixed. Links between hand preference and health may also suggest a mediating role of steroid hormones such as testosterone and estradiol. Studies to date of adult steroid hormones and handedness have been hindered by samples that contain small numbers of non-right-handers. RESULTS In the largest study of the phenomenon to date, I find that the testosterone (n = 7290) and estradiol (n = 3700) levels of left- and mixed-handed adults are no different to those of right-handers. All Bayesian 95% highest density intervals contained 0. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The results have implications for studies that show elevated risk of hormonal-related mental and physical disorders in left-handed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Richardson
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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23
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Auer BR. On false discoveries of standard t-tests in investment management applications. REVIEW OF MANAGERIAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11846-021-00453-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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24
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Vongas JG, Al Hajj R, Fiset J. Leader emergence and affective empathy: A dynamic test of the dual-hormone hypothesis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244548. [PMID: 33378391 PMCID: PMC7773240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Personal distress is a building block of empathy, yet has received scant attention in studies of individual differences in leadership. We investigate whether the effect of leader emergence on men's distress is influenced by their personalized power motive (p Power) and changes in their testosterone (T) and cortisol (C) levels. In an experiment involving 96 males, p Power modulated the direction and intensity of T change in emergent leaders, with high p-Power leaders showing a more positive T change compared to their low p-Power counterparts. We also conducted a dynamic test of the dual-hormone hypothesis in which participants' changes in T and C interacted to produce differences in personal distress. Contrary to expectations, positive changes in T were associated with increased distress at negative changes in C. Given that high T and low C are associated with leadership, we explain these findings and question the assumption that personal distress represents a shortcoming in leaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G. Vongas
- Department of Management, Ithaca College School of Business, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Raghid Al Hajj
- Department of Management, John Molson School of Business, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - John Fiset
- Department of Management, Sobey School of Business, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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25
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Spinal cord atrophy in a primary progressive multiple sclerosis trial: Improved sample size using GBSI. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 28:102418. [PMID: 32961403 PMCID: PMC7509079 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The GBSI provided clinically meaningful measurements of spinal cord atrophy, with low sample size. Deriving spinal cord atrophy from brain MRI using the GBSI is easier than spinal cord MRI. Spinal cord atrophy on GBSI could be used as a secondary outcome measure.
Background We aimed to evaluate the implications for clinical trial design of the generalised boundary-shift integral (GBSI) for spinal cord atrophy measurement. Methods We included 220 primary-progressive multiple sclerosis patients from a phase 2 clinical trial, with baseline and week-48 3DT1-weighted MRI of the brain and spinal cord (1 × 1 × 1 mm3), acquired separately. We obtained segmentation-based cross-sectional spinal cord area (CSA) at C1-2 (from both brain and spinal cord MRI) and C2-5 levels (from spinal cord MRI) using DeepSeg, and, then, we computed corresponding GBSI. Results Depending on the spinal cord segment, we included 67.4–98.1% patients for CSA measurements, and 66.9–84.2% for GBSI. Spinal cord atrophy measurements obtained with GBSI had lower measurement variability, than corresponding CSA. Looking at the image noise floor, the lowest median standard deviation of the MRI signal within the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the spinal cord was found on brain MRI at the C1-2 level. Spinal cord atrophy derived from brain MRI was related to the corresponding measures from dedicated spinal cord MRI, more strongly for GBSI than CSA. Spinal cord atrophy measurements using GBSI, but not CSA, were associated with upper and lower limb motor progression. Discussion Notwithstanding the reduced measurement variability, the clinical correlates, and the possibility of using brain acquisitions, spinal cord atrophy using GBSI should remain a secondary outcome measure in MS studies, until further advancements increase the quality of acquisition and reliability of processing.
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26
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Casto KV, Edwards DA, Akinola M, Davis C, Mehta PH. Testosterone reactivity to competition and competitive endurance in men and women. Horm Behav 2020; 123:104665. [PMID: 31904360 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.104665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Transient shifts in testosterone occur during competition and are thought to positively influence dominance behavior aimed at enhancing social status. However, individual differences in testosterone reactivity to status contests have not been well-studied in relation to real-time expressions of competitive behavior among men and women. This research tests the association between changes in endogenous testosterone levels during competition and performance in terms of competitive endurance. Participant sex, social presence, and relative status outcomes (e.g., winning vs. losing) are tested as moderators of this relationship. In two studies, men and women (total N = 398) competed in the competitive will task (timed weight-holding) either individually or in the presence of an opponent (Study 1) or as a team with and without the presence of a competitor team (Study 2). Results showed a positive relationship between testosterone reactivity and performance for men, particularly those who won or ranked highest among their group - with increasing testosterone predicting better performance and decreasing testosterone predicting worse performance. For women, the effect only emerged among individuals who competed in dyads and lost. In Study 2, an exploratory mediation analysis revealed that individual differences in trait dominance predicted both testosterone reactivity to competition and task performance, with testosterone reactivity (moderated by sex and status outcome) partially explaining the direct relationship between dominance-related traits and behavior. Our goal was to examine testosterone reactivity in relation to real-time competitive effort and highlight the potential role of this relationship in explaining how individual differences in trait dominance produce competitive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Casto
- Social Sciences Division, New College of Florida, United States of America; Department of Psychology, Emory University, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, United States of America; US Army CCDC Soldier Center, United States of America.
| | - D A Edwards
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, United States of America
| | - M Akinola
- Columbia Business School, Columbia University, United States of America
| | - C Davis
- US Army CCDC Soldier Center, United States of America
| | - P H Mehta
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, United States of America; Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, United Kingdom
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27
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Kowal M, Sorokowski P, Żelaźniewicz A, Nowak J, Orzechowski S, Żurek G, Żurek A, Juszkiewicz A, Wojtycka L, Sieniuć W, Poniatowska M, Tarnowska K, Kowalska K, Drabik K, Łukaszek P, Krawczyk K, Stefaniak T, Danek N. No relationship between the digit ratios (2D:4D) and salivary testosterone change: Study on men under an acute exercise. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10068. [PMID: 32572079 PMCID: PMC7308391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66915-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The digit ratio (2D:4D) is said to be a potential marker of exposure to prenatal sex steroids. Some studies suggest that the 2D:4D is also linked with the testosterone response to challenging situations due to organizational effect of prenatal hormonal milieu on adult endocrine functioning. However, up to date, there were only four studies (conducted on small samples) that examined the 2D:4D and the testosterone response to a challenging situation (i.e. physical exertion or aggressive context). Here, we examined the relationship between the 2D:4D and the testosterone change under an acute exercise among 97 men. We found that the digit ratios (the right 2D:4D, the left 2D:4D, and the right minus left 2D:4D) were neither predictors of pre-exercise testosterone, nor the change in testosterone level after a cycling task. Our results add a contradictory to previous studies evidence in a discussion on the links of the 2D:4D and the testosterone change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kowal
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Sorokowski
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland.
| | | | - Judyta Nowak
- Department of Human Biology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Grzegorz Żurek
- University School of Physical Education in Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Alina Żurek
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Lidia Wojtycka
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Kaja Kowalska
- Institute of Psychology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | - Natalia Danek
- University School of Physical Education in Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
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28
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Kenville R, Maudrich T, Maudrich D, Villringer A, Ragert P. Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Improves Maximum Isometric Force Production during Isometric Barbell Squats. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10040235. [PMID: 32295234 PMCID: PMC7226563 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10040235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Maximum contraction force (MVC) is an important predictor of athletic performance as well as physical fitness throughout life. Many everyday life activities involve multi-joint or whole-body movements that are determined in part through optimized muscle strength. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been reported to enhance muscle strength parameters in single-joint movements after its application to motor cortical areas, although tDCS effects on MIVC in compound movements remain to be investigated. Here, we tested whether anodal tDCS and/or sham stimulation over primary motor cortex (M1) and cerebellum (CB) improves maximum isometric contraction force (MIVC) during isometric barbell squats (iBS). Our results provide novel evidence that CB stimulation enhances MIVC during iBS. Although this indicates that parameters relating to muscle strength can be modulated through anodal tDCS of the cerebellum, our results serve as an initial reference point and need to be extended. Therefore, further studies are necessary to expand knowledge in this area of research through the inclusion of different tDCS paradigms, for example investigating dynamic barbell squats, as well as testing other whole-body movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouven Kenville
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Leipzig, D-04109 Leipzig, Germany; (T.M.); (P.R.)
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (D.M.); (A.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-341-9940-2407
| | - Tom Maudrich
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Leipzig, D-04109 Leipzig, Germany; (T.M.); (P.R.)
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (D.M.); (A.V.)
| | - Dennis Maudrich
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (D.M.); (A.V.)
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (D.M.); (A.V.)
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- MindBrainBody Institute at Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Ragert
- Institute for General Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Sport Science, University of Leipzig, D-04109 Leipzig, Germany; (T.M.); (P.R.)
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany; (D.M.); (A.V.)
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Newson M, Shiramizu V, Buhrmester M, Hattori W, Jong J, Yamamoto E, Whitehouse H. Devoted fans release more cortisol when watching live soccer matches. Stress Health 2020; 36:220-227. [PMID: 31943736 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Why do some sports fans experience intense emotions when watching live matches? Identity fusion is a strong form of group alignment in which personal and group identities are activated synergistically to produce a visceral sense of 'oneness' with one's team. Here we examine the role of fusion (using a three-item state measure with high internal validity) in elevating salivary cortisol levels while watching football (n = 41). Our evidence was gathered at field laboratories during the 2014 sFIFA World Cup in Natal, Brazil, with live screenings of two Brazilian victories (Colombia, 2-1; Chile, 1-1 with penalties), and the historic semi-final loss to Germany (1-7). We replicated previous studies showing that salivary cortisol concentrations fluctuate during live football events and are related to group membershipbut we also extended them by showing that identity fusion is even more strongly related to cortisol concentrations than identification. We found an interaction between match outcome and cortisol, such that watching a loss, i.e. dysphoria, was associated with particularly high cortisol concentrations. While women were more fused to the team than men, there were no other gender effects. Taken together, these findings suggest that identity fusion modulates physiological reactivity, resulting in distinct psycho-physiological profiles during stressful events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Newson
- Centre for Anthropology and Mind, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Victor Shiramizu
- Institute of Neuroscience & Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Wallisen Hattori
- Department of Public Health, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Jonathan Jong
- Belief, Brain, and Behaviour Lab, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Emilia Yamamoto
- Psychobiology Graduation Program, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Detecting Extreme Values with Order Statistics in Samples from Continuous Distributions. MATHEMATICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/math8020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the subject of statistics for engineering, physics, computer science, chemistry, and earth sciences, one of the sampling challenges is the accuracy, or, in other words, how representative the sample is of the population from which it was drawn. A series of statistics were developed to measure the departure between the population (theoretical) and the sample (observed) distributions. Another connected issue is the presence of extreme values—possible observations that may have been wrongly collected—which do not belong to the population selected for study. By subjecting those two issues to study, we hereby propose a new statistic for assessing the quality of sampling intended to be used for any continuous distribution. Depending on the sample size, the proposed statistic is operational for known distributions (with a known probability density function) and provides the risk of being in error while assuming that a certain sample has been drawn from a population. A strategy for sample analysis, by analyzing the information about quality of the sampling provided by the order statistics in use, is proposed. A case study was conducted assessing the quality of sampling for ten cases, the latter being used to provide a pattern analysis of the statistics.
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van der Meij L, Demetriou A, Tulin M, Méndez I, Dekker P, Pronk T. Hormones in speed-dating: The role of testosterone and cortisol in attraction. Horm Behav 2019; 116:104555. [PMID: 31348926 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence that testosterone and cortisol levels are related to the attraction of a romantic partner; testosterone levels relate to a wide range of sexual behaviors and cortisol is a crucial component in the response to stress. To investigate this, we conducted a speed-dating study among heterosexual singles. We measured salivary testosterone and cortisol changes in men and women (n = 79) when they participated in a romantic condition (meeting opposite-sex others, i.e., potential romantic partners), as well as a control condition (meeting same-sex others, i.e., potential friends). Over the course of the romantic speed-dating event, results showed that women's but not men's testosterone levels increased and cortisol levels decreased for both men and women. These findings indicate that men's testosterone and cortisol levels were elevated in anticipation of the event, whereas for women, this appears to only be the case for cortisol. Concerning the relationship between attraction and hormonal change, four important findings can be distinguished. First, men were more popular when they arrived at the romantic speed-dating event with elevated cortisol levels. Second, in both men and women, a larger change in cortisol levels during romantic speed-dating was related to more selectivity. Third, testosterone alone was unrelated to any romantic speed-dating outcome (selectivity or popularity). However, fourth, women who arrived at the romantic speed-dating event with higher testosterone levels were more selective when their anticipatory cortisol response was low. Overall, our findings suggest that changes in the hormone cortisol may be stronger associated with the attraction of a romantic partner than testosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leander van der Meij
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Marina Tulin
- Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ileana Méndez
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Dekker
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tila Pronk
- Department of Social Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
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Fraser EE, Downing MG, Biernacki K, McKenzie DP, Ponsford JL. Cognitive Reserve and Age Predict Cognitive Recovery after Mild to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2019; 36:2753-2761. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elinor E. Fraser
- Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marina G. Downing
- Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathryn Biernacki
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Dean P. McKenzie
- Epworth HealthCare, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennie L. Ponsford
- Monash-Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Metzler H, Grèzes J. Repeatedly adopting power postures does not affect hormonal correlates of dominance and affiliative behavior. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6726. [PMID: 31245173 PMCID: PMC6585898 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adopting expansive vs. constrictive postures related to high vs. low levels of social power has been suggested to induce changes in testosterone and cortisol levels, and thereby to mimic hormonal correlates of dominance behavior. However, these findings have been challenged by several non-replications recently. Despite this growing body of evidence that does not support posture effects on hormone levels, the question remains as to whether repeatedly holding postures over time and/or assessing hormonal responses at different time points would yield different outcomes. The current study assesses these methodological characteristics as possible reasons for previous null-findings. Additionally, it investigates for the first time whether expansive and constrictive postures impact progesterone levels, a suggested correlate of affiliative motives and behavior. By testing the effects of repeated but short posture manipulations in between the blocks of a social task while using a cover story, it further fulfills the conditions previously raised as potentially necessary for the effects to occur. Methods A total of 82 male participants repeatedly adopted an expansive or constrictive posture for 2 min in between blocks of a task that consisted in categorizing faces based on first impressions. Saliva samples were taken at two different time points in a time window in which hormonal responses to stress, competition and other manipulations are known to be strongest. Results Neither testosterone and cortisol levels linked to dominance behaviors, nor progesterone levels related to affiliative tendencies, responded differently to adopting expansive as opposed to constrictive postures. The present results suggest that even repeated power posing in a context where social stimuli are task-relevant does not elicit changes in hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Metzler
- Laboratoire de neurosciences cognitives et computationnelles, INSERM U960, Département d'études cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris, PSL University, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI), Paris, France
| | - Julie Grèzes
- Laboratoire de neurosciences cognitives et computationnelles, INSERM U960, Département d'études cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris, PSL University, Paris, France
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Tang AL, Thomas SJ, Larkin T. Cortisol, oxytocin, and quality of life in major depressive disorder. Qual Life Res 2019; 28:2919-2928. [PMID: 31227958 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-019-02236-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Quality of life (QoL) is greatly impaired in major depressive disorder (MDD). These impairments are not fully accounted for by symptom severity, may persist beyond depressive episodes, and are a risk factor for poor outcomes. MDD is often associated with prominent neuroendocrine changes and increased risk of chronic disease. However, there is a lack of research examining whether biological factors are related to QoL in MDD. This research examined relationships between cortisol, oxytocin, symptom severity, and QoL in MDD. METHODS Sixty adults meeting DSM-5 criteria for MDD and 60 healthy controls provided morning plasma samples which were analysed for cortisol and oxytocin levels, and completed measures of QoL and psychopathology. RESULTS Participants with MDD had lower QoL than controls. Cortisol correlated negatively with overall QoL and all QoL domains. Oxytocin correlated positively with overall QoL, and Psychological and Social-Relationships domains. Additionally, cortisol levels were inversely related to psychological QoL, and oxytocin was positively related to social QoL, after controlling for symptom severity and demographic variables. CONCLUSIONS This study provides novel evidence linking neuroendocrine pathways to particular domains of QoL in MDD. The results indicate that activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is linked to poor psychological QoL, and that oxytocin is important to social QoL, independently of severity of psychopathology. Biopsychosocial approaches to QoL associated with mental health conditions may lead to greater understanding of the underlying mechanisms and to improved, tailored interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Ling Tang
- Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Susan J Thomas
- Graduate Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health & Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Theresa Larkin
- Graduate Medicine, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health & Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
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Kolmogorova D, Paré C, Kostuck S, Hudson EC, Lebel N, Houlding E, Gregory JG, Ismail N. Pubertal immune stress transiently alters spatial memory processes in adulthood. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 102:261-272. [PMID: 30594819 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.12.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pubertal immune challenge can permanently alter hippocampus-dependent memory processes in a sex-specific manner. Although gonadal hormones can influence various cognitive processes, their role in regulating the cognitive sequelae to pubertal immune challenge has not been thoroughly assessed. We examined whether a pubertal immune challenge could affect hippocampus-dependent memory functions in adulthood and whether these effects are regulated by gonadal steroid hormones. We hypothesized that exposure to an immune challenge during puberty would induce sex-specific deficits in the behavioral and cellular correlates of hippocampus-dependent memory during adulthood. At six weeks of age, during the stress-vulnerable pubertal period, male and female CD-1 mice were injected with either saline or the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Three weeks later, mice underwent either gonadectomy or sham-surgery. At ten weeks of age (i.e., in adulthood), mice began behavioral testing in an open field, Barnes maze, and Morris water maze. Brain tissue was collected at 17 weeks of age and stained for doublecortin and Ki67 to examine migrating neuronal progenitor cells and cellular proliferation in the neurogenic subgranular zone (SGZ) and the cornus ammonis (CA)1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus. Pubertal LPS treatment impaired learning during adulthood in both sexes and increased cellular proliferation in the CA1 region in castrated males only. Although adult sex hormones did not reliably modulate these changes, gonadectomy impaired learning during the Morris water maze in both sexes. Learning deficits were more prominent during the Barnes maze, which suggests a stress-dependent expression of LPS-induced cognitive deficits. Neurogenesis in the SGZ and cellular proliferation in the CA3 were not affected by pubertal LPS treatment or gonadectomy. These novel findings emphasize the sensitivity of developing cognitive processes during puberty to immune challenges and suggest a possible mechanism for learning-based difficulties in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Kolmogorova
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine Paré
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Kostuck
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ella Christine Hudson
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Lebel
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Houlding
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Gardner Gregory
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Center for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nafissa Ismail
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Kordsmeyer TL, Penke L. Effects of male testosterone and its interaction with cortisol on self- and observer-rated personality states in a competitive mating context. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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37
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Kordsmeyer TL, Hunt J, Puts DA, Ostner J, Penke L. The relative importance of intra- and intersexual selection on human male sexually dimorphic traits. EVOL HUM BEHAV 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ronay R, van der Meij L, Oostrom JK, Pollet TV. No Evidence for a Relationship Between Hair Testosterone Concentrations and 2D:4D Ratio or Risk Taking. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:30. [PMID: 29556180 PMCID: PMC5844925 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a recently developed alternative assay procedure to measure hormone levels from hair samples, we examined the relationships between testosterone, cortisol, 2D:4D ratio, overconfidence and risk taking. A total of 162 (53 male) participants provided a 3 cm sample of hair, a scanned image of their right and left hands from which we determined 2D:4D ratios, and completed measures of overconfidence and behavioral risk taking. While our sample size for males was less than ideal, our results revealed no evidence for a relationship between hair testosterone concentrations, 2D:4D ratios and risk taking. No relationships with overconfidence emerged. Partially consistent with the Dual Hormone Hypothesis, we did find evidence for the interacting effect of testosterone and cortisol on risk taking but only in men. Hair testosterone concentrations were positively related to risk taking when levels of hair cortisol concentrations were low, in men. Our results lend support to the suggestion that endogenous testosterone and 2D:4D ratio are unrelated and might then exert diverging activating vs. organizing effects on behavior. Comparing our results to those reported in the existing literature we speculate that behavioral correlates of testosterone such as direct effects on risk taking may be more sensitive to state-based fluctuations than baseline levels of testosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Ronay
- Department of Leadership and Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Leander van der Meij
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Janneke K Oostrom
- Department of Management & Organization, School of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thomas V Pollet
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
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van der Meij L, Gubbels N, Schaveling J, Almela M, van Vugt M. Hair cortisol and work stress: Importance of workload and stress model (JDCS or ERI). Psychoneuroendocrinology 2018; 89:78-85. [PMID: 29331802 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hair cortisol concentrations (HCCs) are a potential physiological indicator of work related stress. However, studies that tested the relationship between HCC and self-reported stress in a work setting show mixed findings. This may be because few studies used worker samples that experience prolonged stress. Therefore, we compared a high workload sample (n = 81) and a normal workload sample (n = 91) and studied whether HCC was related to: (i) high job demands, low control, and low social support (JDCS model), and (ii) high effort, low reward, and high overcommitment (ERI model). Results showed that self-reported stress related to HCC only in the high workload sample and only for the variables of the ERI model. We found that HCC was higher when effort was high, reward low, and overcommitment high. An implication of this study is that a certain stress threshold may need to be reached to detect a relationship between self-reported stress and physiological measures such as HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leander van der Meij
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Nikkie Gubbels
- Department of Education and Innovation, Inholland University of Applied Sciences, Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Schaveling
- Centre for Leadership & Management Development, Nyenrode Business Universiteit, Breukelen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Mark van Vugt
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology and Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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