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Oliveira BDS, Toscano ECDB, Abreu LKS, Fernandes HDB, Amorim RF, Ferreira RN, Machado CA, Carvalho BC, da Silva MCM, de Oliveira ACP, Rachid MA, Rocha NP, Teixeira AL, da Silva ER, de Miranda AS. Nigrostriatal Inflammation Is Associated with Nonmotor Symptoms in an Experimental Model of Prodromal Parkinson's Disease. Neuroscience 2024; 549:65-75. [PMID: 38750924 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Recent evidence has supported a pathogenic role for neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease (PD). Inflammatory response has been associated with symptoms and subtypes of PD. However, it is unclear whether immune changes are involved in the initial pathogenesis of PD, leading to the non-motor symptoms (NMS) observed in its prodromal stage. The current study aimed to characterize the behavioral and cognitive changes in a toxin-induced model of prodromal PD-like syndrome. We also sought to investigate the role of neuroinflammation in prodromal PD-related NMS. Male mice were subjected to bilateral intranasal infusion with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) or saline (control group), followed by comprehensive behavioral, pathological and neurochemical analysis. Intranasal MPTP infusion was able to cause the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). In parallel, it induced impairment in olfactory discrimination and social memory consolidation, compulsive and anxiety-like behaviors, but did not influence motor performance. Iba-1 and GFAP expressions were increased in the SN, suggesting an activated state of microglia and astrocytes. Consistent with this, MPTP mice had increased levels of IL-10 and IL-17A, and decreased levels of BDNF and TrkA mRNA in the SN. The striatum showed increased IL-17A, BDNF, and NFG levels compared to control mice. In conclusion, neuroinflammation may play an important role in the early stage of experimental PD-like syndrome, leading to cognitive and behavioral changes. Our results also indicate that intranasal administration of MPTP may represent a valuable mouse model for prodromal PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna da Silva Oliveira
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia "Conceição Machado", Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Eliana Cristina de Brito Toscano
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Larissa Katharina Sabino Abreu
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia "Conceição Machado", Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Heliana de Barros Fernandes
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia "Conceição Machado", Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Renan Florindo Amorim
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia "Conceição Machado", Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Novaes Ferreira
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia "Conceição Machado", Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Caroline Amaral Machado
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia "Conceição Machado", Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Brener Cunha Carvalho
- Laboratório de Genes Inflamatórios, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Machado da Silva
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Antônio Carlos Pinheiro de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Neurofarmacologia, Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Milene Alvarenga Rachid
- Laboratório de Patologia Celular e Molecular, Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Natália Pessoa Rocha
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antônio Lúcio Teixeira
- Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, Santa Casa BH, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ribeiro da Silva
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia "Conceição Machado", Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Aline Silva de Miranda
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia "Conceição Machado", Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Wegman E, Wosiski-Kuhn M, Luo Y. The dual role of striatal interneurons: circuit modulation and trophic support for the basal ganglia. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1277-1283. [PMID: 37905876 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Striatal interneurons play a key role in modulating striatal-dependent behaviors, including motor activity and reward and emotional processing. Interneurons not only provide modulation to the basal ganglia circuitry under homeostasis but are also involved in changes to plasticity and adaptation during disease conditions such as Parkinson's or Huntington's disease. This review aims to summarize recent findings regarding the role of striatal cholinergic and GABAergic interneurons in providing circuit modulation to the basal ganglia in both homeostatic and disease conditions. In addition to direct circuit modulation, striatal interneurons have also been shown to provide trophic support to maintain neuron populations in adulthood. We discuss this interesting and novel role of striatal interneurons, with a focus on the maintenance of adult dopaminergic neurons from interneuron-derived sonic-hedgehog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Wegman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Marlena Wosiski-Kuhn
- Department of Emergency Medicine at the School of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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3
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Matus V, Castro-Guarda M, Cárcamo-Fierro J, Morera FJ, Zambrano A. Interleukin 3 Inhibits Glutamate-Cytotoxicity in Neuroblastoma Cell Line. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1373-1386. [PMID: 38512424 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04123-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Interleukin 3 (IL-3) is a well-known pleiotropic cytokine that regulates the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells, triggering classical signaling pathways such as JAK/STAT, Ras/MAPK, and PI3K/Akt to carry out its functions. Interestingly, the IL-3 receptor is also expressed in non-hematopoietic cells, playing a crucial role in cell survival. Our previous research demonstrated the expression of the IL-3 receptor in neuron cells and its protective role in neurodegeneration. Glutamate, a principal neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, can induce cellular stress and lead to neurotoxicity when its extracellular concentrations surpass normal levels. This excessive glutamate presence is frequently observed in various neurological diseases. In this study, we uncover the protective role of IL-3 as an inhibitor of glutamate-induced cell death, analyzing the cytokine's signaling pathways during its protective effect. Specifically, we examined the relevance of JAK/STAT, Ras/MAPK, and PI3 K signaling pathways in the molecular mechanism triggered by IL-3. Our results show that the inhibition of JAK, ERK, and PI3 K signaling pathways, using pharmacological inhibitors, effectively blocked IL-3's protective role against glutamate-induced cell death. Additionally, our findings suggest that Bcl-2 and Bax proteins may be involved in the molecular mechanism triggered by IL-3. Our investigation into IL-3's ability to protect neuronal cells from glutamate-induced damage offers a promising therapeutic avenue with potential clinical implications for several neurological diseases characterized by glutamate neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Matus
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, (P. O. Box) 567, 5090000, Casilla, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Marcos Castro-Guarda
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, (P. O. Box) 567, 5090000, Casilla, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Joaquín Cárcamo-Fierro
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, (P. O. Box) 567, 5090000, Casilla, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Francisco J Morera
- Applied Biochemistry Laboratory, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía y Sistemas Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 7820436, Santiago, Chile
| | - Angara Zambrano
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, (P. O. Box) 567, 5090000, Casilla, Valdivia, Chile.
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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Hamidpour SK, Amiri M, Ketabforoush AHME, Saeedi S, Angaji A, Tavakol S. Unraveling Dysregulated Cell Signaling Pathways, Genetic and Epigenetic Mysteries of Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04128-1. [PMID: 38573414 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent and burdensome neurodegenerative disorder that has been extensively researched to understand its complex etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. The interplay between genetic and environmental factors in PD makes its pathophysiology difficult to comprehend, emphasizing the need for further investigation into genetic and epigenetic markers involved in the disease. Early diagnosis is crucial for optimal management of the disease, and the development of novel diagnostic biomarkers is ongoing. Although many efforts have been made in the field of recognition and interpretation of the mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of the disease, the current knowledge about PD is just the tip of the iceberg. By scrutinizing genetic and epigenetic patterns underlying PD, new avenues can be opened for dissecting the pathology of the disorder, leading to more precise and efficient diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. This review emphasizes the importance of studying dysregulated cell signaling pathways and molecular processes associated with genes and epigenetic alterations in understanding PD, paving the way for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to combat this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayesteh Kokabi Hamidpour
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mobina Amiri
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saeedeh Saeedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Abdolhamid Angaji
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Tavakol
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1449614535, Iran.
- Department of Research and Development, Tavakol BioMimetic Technologies Company, Tehran, Iran.
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Neumann S, Kuteykin-Teplyakov K, Heumann R. Neuronal Protection by Ha-RAS-GTPase Signaling through Selective Downregulation of Plasmalemmal Voltage-Dependent Anion Channel-1. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3030. [PMID: 38474278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase RAS acts as a plasma membrane-anchored intracellular neurotrophin counteracting neuronal degeneration in the brain, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. In transgenic mice expressing constitutively activated V12-Ha-RAS selectively in neurons, proteome analysis uncovered a 70% decrease in voltage-dependent anion channel-1 (VDAC-1) in the cortex and hippocampus. We observed a corresponding reduction in the levels of mRNA splicing variant coding for plasma membrane-targeted VDAC-1 (pl-VDAC-1) while mRNA levels for mitochondrial membrane VDAC-1 (mt-VDAC-1) remained constant. In primary cortical neurons derived from V12-Ha-RAS animals, a decrease in pl-VDAC-1 mRNA levels was observed, accompanied by a concomitant reduction in the ferricyanide reductase activity associated with VDAC-1 protein. Application of MEK inhibitor U0126 to transgenic cortical neurons reconstituted pl-VDAC-1 mRNA to reach wild-type levels. Excitotoxic glutamate-induced cell death was strongly attenuated in transgenic V12-Ha-RAS overexpressing cortical cultures. Consistently, a neuroprotective effect could also be achieved in wild-type cortical cultures by the extracellular application of channel-blocking antibody targeting the N-terminus of VDAC-1. These results may encourage novel therapeutic approaches toward blocking pl-VDAC-1 by monoclonal antibody targeting for complementary treatments in transplantation and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Neumann
- Department of Biochemistry II-Molecular Neurobiochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Konstantin Kuteykin-Teplyakov
- Department of Biochemistry II-Molecular Neurobiochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Rolf Heumann
- Department of Biochemistry II-Molecular Neurobiochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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Ceci C, Lacal PM, Barbaccia ML, Mercuri NB, Graziani G, Ledonne A. The VEGFs/VEGFRs system in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases: Pathophysiological roles and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Res 2024; 201:107101. [PMID: 38336311 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their cognate receptors (VEGFRs), besides their well-known involvement in physiological angiogenesis/lymphangiogenesis and in diseases associated to pathological vessel formation, play multifaceted functions in the central nervous system (CNS). In addition to shaping brain development, by controlling cerebral vasculogenesis and regulating neurogenesis as well as astrocyte differentiation, the VEGFs/VEGFRs axis exerts essential functions in the adult brain both in physiological and pathological contexts. In this article, after describing the physiological VEGFs/VEGFRs functions in the CNS, we focus on the VEGFs/VEGFRs involvement in neurodegenerative diseases by reviewing the current literature on the rather complex VEGFs/VEGFRs contribution to the pathogenic mechanisms of Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's (PD) diseases. Thereafter, based on the outcome of VEGFs/VEGFRs targeting in animal models of AD and PD, we discuss the factual relevance of pharmacological VEGFs/VEGFRs modulation as a novel and potential disease-modifying approach for these neurodegenerative pathologies. Specific VEGFRs targeting, aimed at selective VEGFR-1 inhibition, while preserving VEGFR-2 signal transduction, appears as a promising strategy to hit the molecular mechanisms underlying AD pathology. Moreover, therapeutic VEGFs-based approaches can be proposed for PD treatment, with the aim of fine-tuning their brain levels to amplify neurotrophic/neuroprotective effects while limiting an excessive impact on vascular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ceci
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maria Luisa Barbaccia
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- Neurology Section, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Rome, Italy; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Grazia Graziani
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ada Ledonne
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Experimental Neuroscience, Rome, Italy; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
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Tripathi RK, Goyal L, Singh S. Potential Therapeutic Approach using Aromatic l-amino Acid Decarboxylase and Glial-derived Neurotrophic Factor Therapy Targeting Putamen in Parkinson's Disease. Curr Gene Ther 2024; 24:278-291. [PMID: 38310455 DOI: 10.2174/0115665232283842240102073002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative illness characterized by specific loss of dopaminergic neurons, resulting in impaired motor movement. Its prevalence is twice as compared to the previous 25 years and affects more than 10 million individuals. Lack of treatment still uses levodopa and other options as disease management measures. Treatment shifts to gene therapy (GT), which utilizes direct delivery of specific genes at the targeted area. Therefore, the use of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) therapy achieves an effective control to treat PD. Patients diagnosed with PD may experience improved therapeutic outcomes by reducing the frequency of drug administration while utilizing provasin and AADC as dopaminergic protective therapy. Enhancing the enzymatic activity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), glucocorticoid hormone (GCH), and AADC in the striatum would be useful for external L-DOPA to restore the dopamine (DA) level. Increased expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) may also be beneficial in PD. Targeting GDNF therapy specifically to the putaminal region is clinically sound and beneficial in protecting the dopaminergic neurons. Furthermore, preclinical and clinical studies supported the role of GDNF in exhibiting its neuroprotective effect in neurological disorders. Another Ret receptor, which belongs to the tyrosine kinase family, is expressed in dopaminergic neurons and sounds to play a vital role in inhibiting the advancement of PD. GDNF binding on those receptors results in the formation of a receptor-ligand complex. On the other hand, venous delivery of recombinant GDNF by liposome-based and encapsulated cellular approaches enables the secure and effective distribution of neurotrophic factors into the putamen and parenchyma. The current review emphasized the rate of GT target GDNF and AADC therapy, along with the corresponding empirical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Lav Goyal
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
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Alwani A, Maziarz K, Burda G, Jankowska-Kiełtyka M, Roman A, Łyszczarz G, Er S, Barut J, Barczyk-Woźnicka O, Pyza E, Kreiner G, Nalepa I, Chmielarz P. Investigating the potential effects of α-synuclein aggregation on susceptibility to chronic stress in a mouse Parkinson's disease model. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:1474-1487. [PMID: 37725330 PMCID: PMC10661792 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00530-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a motor disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, putatively due to the accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) in Lewy bodies (LBs) in Substantia Nigra. PD is also associated with the formation of LBs in brain areas responsible for emotional and cognitive regulation such as the amygdala and prefrontal cortex, and concurrent depression prevalence in PD patients. The exact link between dopaminergic cell loss, α-syn aggregation, depression, and stress, a major depression risk factor, is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to explore the interplay between sensitivity to chronic stress and α-syn aggregation. METHODS Bilateral injections of α-syn preformed fibrils (PFFs) into the striatum of C57Bl/6 J mice were used to induce α-syn aggregation. Three months after injections, animals were exposed to chronic social defeat stress. RESULTS α-syn aggregation did not affect stress susceptibility but independently caused increased locomotor activity in the open field test, reduced anxiety in the light-dark box test, and increased active time in the tail suspension test. Ex vivo analysis revealed modest dopaminergic neuron loss in the substantia nigra and reduced dopaminergic innervation in the dorsal striatum in PFFs injected groups. α-Syn aggregates were prominent in the amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and substantia nigra, with minimal α-syn aggregation in the raphe nuclei and locus coeruleus. CONCLUSIONS Progressive bilateral α-syn aggregation might lead to compensatory activity increase and alterations in emotionally regulated behavior, without affecting stress susceptibility. Understanding how α-syn aggregation and degeneration in specific brain structures contribute to depression and anxiety in PD patients requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Alwani
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Maziarz
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Gabriela Burda
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Jankowska-Kiełtyka
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adam Roman
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Gabriela Łyszczarz
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Safak Er
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Drug Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Justyna Barut
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Olga Barczyk-Woźnicka
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pyza
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kreiner
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Irena Nalepa
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Chmielarz
- Department of Brain Biochemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
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Ramírez-Carreto RJ, Zaldívar-Machorro VJ, Pérez-Ramírez DJ, Rodríguez-López BE, Meza C, García E, Santamaría A, Chavarría A. Oral Administration of Silybin Protects Against MPTP-Induced Neurotoxicity by Reducing Pro-inflammatory Cytokines and Preserving BDNF Levels in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6774-6788. [PMID: 37480498 PMCID: PMC10657796 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03485-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disease associated with motor dysfunction secondary to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal axis. Actual therapy consists mainly of levodopa; however, its long-term use promotes secondary effects. Consequently, finding new therapeutic alternatives, such as neuroprotective molecules, is necessary. Among these alternatives is silybin (Sb), the major bioactive flavonolignan in silymarin. Both exert neuroprotective effects, preserving dopamine levels and dopaminergic neurons when administered in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse PD model, being probably Sb the potential therapeutic molecule behind this effect. To elucidate the role of Sb in the PD model, we determined the dose-dependent conservation of striatal dopamine content following Sb oral administration. Then, we evaluated motor deficit tests using the best dopamine conservative dose of Sb and determined a cytokine-dependent inflammatory profile status, malondialdehyde as an oxidative stress product, and neurotrophic factors content in the MPTP-induced mouse PD model. Our results show that oral Sb at 100 mg/kg dose conserved about 60% dopamine levels. Also, Sb improved motor deficits, preserved neurotrophic factors content and mitochondrial function, reduced lipid peroxidation, diminished proinflammatory cytokines to basal levels, enhanced fractalkine production in the striatum and substantia nigra, and increased IL-10 and IL-4 levels in the substantia nigra in the MPTP mice. Thus, oral Sb may be a potential pharmacological PD treatment alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo J Ramírez-Carreto
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 06726, Ciudad de México, México
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Víctor J Zaldívar-Machorro
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 06726, Ciudad de México, México
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Dafne J Pérez-Ramírez
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 06726, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Blanca E Rodríguez-López
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 06726, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Claudia Meza
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 06726, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Esperanza García
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, S.S, Ciudad de México, 14269, México
| | - Abel Santamaría
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, S.S, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
| | - Anahí Chavarría
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 06726, Ciudad de México, México.
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Khot M, Sood A, Pushpa Tryphena K, Pinjala P, Srivastava S, Bala Singh S, Kumar Khatri D. Dimethyl fumarate ameliorates Parkinsonian pathology by modulating autophagy and apoptosis via Nrf2-TIGAR-LAMP2/Cathepsin D axis. Brain Res 2023; 1815:148462. [PMID: 37315723 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests a role for oxidative stress and accumulation of dysfunctional organelle and misfolded proteins in PD. Autophagosomes mediate the clearance of these cytoplasmic proteins via delivery to lysosomes to form autophagolysosomes, followed by degradation of the protein by lysosomal enzymes. In PD, autophagolysosome accumulation occurs initiating a plethora of events resulting in neuronal death by apoptosis. This study evaluated the effect of Dimethylfumarate (DMF), an Nrf2 activator in the rotenone-induced mouse PD model. In PD mice, there was decreased expression of LAMP2 and LC3, which resulted in inhibition of autophagic flux and increased expression of cathepsin D, which mediated apoptosis. The role of Nrf2 activation in alleviating oxidative stress is well known. Our study elucidated the novel mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effect of DMF. The loss of dopaminergic neurons induced by rotenone was lessened to a significant extent by pre-treatment with DMF. DMF promoted autophagosome formation and inhibited apoptosis by removing the inhibitory effect of p53 on TIGAR. TIGAR expression upregulated LAMP2 expression and downregulated Cathepsin D, promoting autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis. Thus, it was proved that DMF confers neuroprotection against rotenone-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration and could be used as a potential therapeutic agent for PD and its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Khot
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Anika Sood
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Kamatham Pushpa Tryphena
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Poojitha Pinjala
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India.
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11
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Antonosante A, Castelli V, Sette M, Alfonsetti M, Catanesi M, Benedetti E, Ardini M, Cimini A, d'Angelo M. Neuroprotective effects of the PPARβ/δ antagonist GSK0660 in in vitro and in vivo Parkinson's disease models. Biol Res 2023; 56:27. [PMID: 37226204 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-023-00438-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The underlying mechanism of Parkinson's disease are still unidentified, but excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation are considered key actors. Proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are transcription factors involved in the control of numerous pathways. Specifically, PPARβ/δ is recognized as an oxidative stress sensor, and we have previously reported that it plays a detrimental role in neurodegeneration. METHODS Basing on this concept, in this work, we tested the potential effects of a specific PPARβ/δ antagonist (GSK0660) in an in vitro model of Parkinson's disease. Specifically, live-cell imaging, gene expression, Western blot, proteasome analyses, mitochondrial and bioenergetic studies were performed. Since we obtained promising results, we tested this antagonist in a 6-hydroxydopamine hemilesioned mouse model. In the animal model, behavioral tests, histological analysis, immunofluorescence and western blot of substantia nigra and striatum upon GSK0660 were assayed. RESULTS Our findings suggested that PPARβ/δ antagonist has neuroprotective potential due to neurotrophic support, anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative effects paralleled to an amelioration of mitochondria and proteasome activity. These findings are strongly supported also by the siRNA results demonstrating that by silencing PPARβ/δ a significative rescue of the dopaminergic neurons was obtained, thus indicating an involvement of PPARβ/δ in PD's pathogenesis. Interestingly, in the animal model, GSK0660 treatment confirmed neuroprotective effects observed in the in vitro studies. Neuroprotective effects were highlighted by the behavioural performance and apomorphine rotation tests amelioration and the reduction of dopaminergic neuronal loss. These data were also confirmed by imaging and western blotting, indeed, the tested compound decreased astrogliosis and activated microglia, concomitant with an upregulation of neuroprotective pathways. CONCLUSIONS In summary, PPARβ/δ antagonist displayed neuroprotective activities against 6-hydroxydopamine detrimental effects both in vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson's disease, suggesting that it may represent a novel therapeutic approach for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Antonosante
- Dpt of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vanessa Castelli
- Dpt of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Martina Sette
- Dpt of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Margherita Alfonsetti
- Dpt of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Mariano Catanesi
- Dpt of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Benedetti
- Dpt of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Matteo Ardini
- Dpt of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Dpt of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Dpt of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Michele d'Angelo
- Dpt of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
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12
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Zhang JD, Xue C, Kolachalama VB, Donald WA. Interpretable Machine Learning on Metabolomics Data Reveals Biomarkers for Parkinson's Disease. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:1035-1045. [PMID: 37252351 PMCID: PMC10214508 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The use of machine learning (ML) with metabolomics provides opportunities for the early diagnosis of disease. However, the accuracy of ML and extent of information obtained from metabolomics can be limited owing to challenges associated with interpreting disease prediction models and analyzing many chemical features with abundances that are correlated and "noisy". Here, we report an interpretable neural network (NN) framework to accurately predict disease and identify significant biomarkers using whole metabolomics data sets without a priori feature selection. The performance of the NN approach for predicting Parkinson's disease (PD) from blood plasma metabolomics data is significantly higher than other ML methods with a mean area under the curve of >0.995. PD-specific markers that predate clinical PD diagnosis and contribute significantly to early disease prediction were identified including an exogenous polyfluoroalkyl substance. It is anticipated that this accurate and interpretable NN-based approach can improve diagnostic performance for many diseases using metabolomics and other untargeted 'omics methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Diana Zhang
- School
of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
- Department
of Medicine, Boston University School of
Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Chonghua Xue
- Department
of Medicine, Boston University School of
Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Vijaya B. Kolachalama
- Department
of Medicine, Boston University School of
Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
- Department
of Computer Science and Faculty of Computing & Data Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - William A. Donald
- School
of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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13
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Morello G, La Cognata V, Guarnaccia M, D'Agata V, Cavallaro S. Cracking the Code of Neuronal Cell Fate. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071057. [PMID: 37048129 PMCID: PMC10093029 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation is fundamental to most biological processes and reverse-engineering programs can be used to decipher the underlying programs. In this review, we describe how genomics is offering a systems biology-based perspective of the intricate and temporally coordinated transcriptional programs that control neuronal apoptosis and survival. In addition to providing a new standpoint in human pathology focused on the regulatory program, cracking the code of neuronal cell fate may offer innovative therapeutic approaches focused on downstream targets and regulatory networks. Similar to computers, where faults often arise from a software bug, neuronal fate may critically depend on its transcription program. Thus, cracking the code of neuronal life or death may help finding a patch for neurodegeneration and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Morello
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR-IRIB), 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Valentina La Cognata
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR-IRIB), 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Guarnaccia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR-IRIB), 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Velia D'Agata
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Cavallaro
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR-IRIB), 95126 Catania, Italy
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14
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Kasanga EA, Han Y, Navarrete W, McManus R, Shifflet MK, Parry C, Barahona A, Manfredsson FP, Nejtek VA, Richardson JR, Salvatore MF. Differential expression of RET and GDNF family receptor, GFR-α1, between striatum and substantia nigra following nigrostriatal lesion: a case for diminished GDNF-signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.01.530671. [PMID: 36909534 PMCID: PMC10002742 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.01.530671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Although glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) showed efficacy in preclinical and early clinical studies to alleviate parkinsonian signs in Parkinson's disease (PD), later trials did not meet primary endpoints, giving pause to consider further investigation. While GDNF dose and delivery methods may have contributed to diminished efficacy, one crucial aspect of these clinical studies is that GDNF treatment across all studies began ∼8 years after PD diagnosis; a time point representing several years after near 100% depletion of nigrostriatal dopamine markers in striatum and at least 50% in substantia nigra (SN), and is later than the timing of GDNF treatment in preclinical studies. With nigrostriatal terminal loss exceeding 70% at PD diagnosis, we utilized hemi-parkinsonian rats to determine if expression of GDNF family receptor, GFR-α1, and receptor tyrosine kinase, RET, differed between striatum and SN at 1 and 4 weeks following a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion. Whereas GDNF expression changed minimally, GFR-α1 expression decreased progressively in striatum and in tyrosine hydroxylase positive (TH+) cells in SN, correlating with reduced TH cell number. However, in nigral astrocytes, GFR-α1 expression increased. RET expression decreased maximally in striatum by 1 week, whereas in the SN, a transient bilateral increase occurred that returned to control levels by 4 weeks. Expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) or its receptor, TrkB, were unchanged throughout lesion progression. Together, these results reveal that differential GFR-α1 and RET expression between the striatum and SN, and cell-specific differences in GFR-α1 expression in SN, occur during nigrostriatal neuron loss. Targeting loss of GDNF receptors appears critical to enhance GDNF therapeutic efficacy against nigrostriatal neuron loss. Significance Statement Although preclinical evidence supports that GDNF provides neuroprotection and improves locomotor function in preclinical studies, clinical data supporting its efficacy to alleviate motor impairment in Parkinson's disease patients remains uncertain. Using the established 6-OHDA hemi-parkinsonian rat model, we determined whether expression of its cognate receptors, GFR-α1 and RET, were differentially affected between striatum and substantia nigra in a timeline study. In striatum, there was early and significant loss of RET, but a gradual, progressive loss of GFR-α1. In contrast, RET transiently increased in lesioned substantia nigra, but GFR-α1 progressively decreased only in nigrostriatal neurons and correlated with TH cell loss. Our results indicate that direct availability of GFR-α1 may be a critical element that determines GDNF efficacy following striatal delivery. Highlights GDNF expression was minimally affected by nigrostriatal lesionGDNF family receptor, GFR-α1, progressively decreased in striatum and in TH neurons in SN.GFR-α1 expression decreased along with TH neurons as lesion progressedGFR-α1 increased bilaterally in GFAP+ cells suggesting an inherent response to offset TH neuron lossRET expression was severely reduced in striatum, whereas it increased in SN early after lesion induction.
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15
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Protective mechanisms by glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor against the α-synuclein accumulation in Parkinson's disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:245-257. [PMID: 36794783 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Synucleinopathies constitute a disease family named after alpha-synuclein protein, which is a significant component of the intracellular inclusions called Lewy bodies. Accompanying the progressive neurodegeneration, Lewy bodies and neurites are the main histopathologies of synucleinopathies. The complicated role of alpha-synuclein in the disease pathology makes it an attractive therapeutic target for disease-modifying treatments. GDNF is one of the most potent neurotrophic factors for dopamine neurons, whereas CDNF is protective and neurorestorative with entirely different mechanisms of action. Both have been in the clinical trials for the most common synucleinopathy, Parkinson's disease. With the AAV-GDNF clinical trials ongoing and the CDNF trial being finalized, their effects on abnormal alpha-synuclein accumulation are of great interest. Previous animal studies with an alpha-synuclein overexpression model have shown that GDNF was ineffective against alpha-synuclein accumulation. However, a recent study with cell culture and animal models of alpha-synuclein fibril inoculation has demonstrated the opposite by revealing that the GDNF/RET signaling cascade is required for the protective effect of GDNF on alpha-synuclein aggregation. CDNF, an ER resident protein, was shown to bind alpha-synuclein directly. CDNF reduced the uptake of alpha-synuclein fibrils by the neurons and alleviated the behavioral deficits induced by fibrils injected into the mouse brain. Thus, GDNF and CDNF can modulate different symptoms and pathologies of Parkinson's disease, and perhaps, similarly for other synucleinopathies. Their unique mechanisms for preventing alpha-synuclein-related pathology should be studied more carefully to develop disease-modifying therapies.
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16
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Mitroshina EV, Saviuk M, Vedunova MV. Necroptosis in CNS diseases: Focus on astrocytes. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:1016053. [PMID: 36778591 PMCID: PMC9911465 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1016053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, necroptosis, a recently described type of cell death, has been reported to play an important role in the development of various brain pathologies. Necroptosis is a cell death mechanism that has morphological characteristics similar to necrosis but is mediated by fundamentally different molecular pathways. Necroptosis is initiated by signaling through the interaction of RIP1/RIP3/MLKL proteins (receptor-interacting protein kinase 1/receptor-interacting protein kinase 3/mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein). RIPK1 kinase is usually inactive under physiological conditions. It is activated by stimulation of death receptors (TNFR1, TNFR2, TLR3, and 4, Fas-ligand) by external signals. Phosphorylation of RIPK1 results in the formation of its complex with death receptors. Further, complexes with the second member of the RIP3 and MLKL cascade appear, and the necroptosome is formed. There is enough evidence that necroptosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of brain ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases. In recent years, a point of view that both neurons and glial cells can play a key role in the development of the central nervous system (CNS) pathologies finds more and more confirmation. Astrocytes play complex roles during neurodegeneration and ischemic brain damage initiating both impair and protective processes. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that induce pathogenic activity of astrocytes remain veiled. In this review, we consider these processes in terms of the initiation of necroptosis. On the other hand, it is important to remember that like other types of programmed cell death, necroptosis plays an important role for the organism, as it induces a strong immune response and is involved in the control of cancerogenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of the complex role of necroptosis as an important pathogenetic component of neuronal and astrocyte death in neurodegenerative diseases, epileptogenesis, and ischemic brain damage.
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17
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Zochodne DW. Growth factors and molecular-driven plasticity in neurological systems. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 196:569-598. [PMID: 37620091 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-98817-9.00017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
It has been almost 70 years since the discovery of nerve growth factor (NGF), a period of a dramatic evolution in our understanding of dynamic growth, regeneration, and rewiring of the nervous system. In 1953, the extraordinary finding that a protein found in mouse submandibular glands generated a halo of outgrowing axons has now redefined our concept of the nervous system connectome. Central and peripheral neurons and their axons or dendrites are no longer considered fixed or static "wiring." Exploiting this molecular-driven plasticity as a therapeutic approach has arrived in the clinic with a slate of new trials and ideas. Neural growth factors (GFs), soluble proteins that alter the behavior of neurons, have expanded in numbers and our understanding of the complexity of their signaling and interactions with other proteins has intensified. However, beyond these "extrinsic" determinants of neuron growth and function are the downstream pathways that impact neurons, ripe for translational development and potentially more important than individual growth factors that may trigger them. Persistent and ongoing nuances in clinical trial design in some of the most intractable and irreversible neurological conditions give hope for connecting new biological ideas with clinical benefits. This review is a targeted update on neural GFs, their signals, and new therapeutic ideas, selected from an expansive literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W Zochodne
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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18
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Prakash N. Developmental pathways linked to the vulnerability of adult midbrain dopaminergic neurons to neurodegeneration. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1071731. [PMID: 36618829 PMCID: PMC9815185 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1071731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The degeneration of dopaminergic and other neurons in the aging brain is considered a process starting well beyond the infantile and juvenile period. In contrast to other dopamine-associated neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia and drug addiction, typically diagnosed during adolescence or young adulthood and, thus, thought to be rooted in the developing brain, Parkinson's Disease (PD) is rarely viewed as such. However, evidences have accumulated suggesting that several factors might contribute to an increased vulnerability to death of the dopaminergic neurons at an already very early (developmental) phase in life. Despite the remarkable ability of the brain to compensate such dopamine deficits, the early loss or dysfunction of these neurons might predispose an individual to suffer from PD because the critical threshold of dopamine function will be reached much earlier in life, even if the time-course and strength of naturally occurring and age-dependent dopaminergic cell death is not markedly altered in this individual. Several signaling and transcriptional pathways required for the proper embryonic development of the midbrain dopaminergic neurons, which are the most affected in PD, either continue to be active in the adult mammalian midbrain or are reactivated at the transition to adulthood and under neurotoxic conditions. The persistent activity of these pathways often has neuroprotective functions in adult midbrain dopaminergic neurons, whereas the reactivation of silenced pathways under pathological conditions can promote the survival and even regeneration of these neurons in the lesioned or aging brain. This article summarizes our current knowledge about signaling and transcription factors involved in midbrain dopaminergic neuron development, whose reduced gene dosage or signaling activity are implicated in a lower survival rate of these neurons in the postnatal or aging brain. It also discusses the evidences supporting the neuroprotection of the midbrain dopaminergic system after the external supply or ectopic expression of some of these secreted and nuclear factors in the adult and aging brain. Altogether, the timely monitoring and/or correction of these signaling and transcriptional pathways might be a promising approach to a much earlier diagnosis and/or prevention of PD.
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19
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Alfonsetti M, d’Angelo M, Castelli V. Neurotrophic factor-based pharmacological approaches in neurological disorders. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:1220-1228. [PMID: 36453397 PMCID: PMC9838155 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.358619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a physiological event dependent on multiple pathways that are linked to lifespan and processes leading to cognitive decline. This process represents the major risk factor for aging-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and ischemic stroke. The incidence of all these pathologies increases exponentially with age. Research on aging biology has currently focused on elucidating molecular mechanisms leading to the development of those pathologies. Cognitive deficit and neurodegeneration, common features of aging-related pathologies, are related to the alteration of the activity and levels of neurotrophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor. For this reason, treatments that modulate neurotrophin levels have acquired a great deal of interest in preventing neurodegeneration and promoting neural regeneration in several neurological diseases. Those treatments include both the direct administration of neurotrophic factors and the induced expression with viral vectors, neurotrophins' binding with biomaterials or other molecules to increase their bioavailability but also cell-based therapies. Considering neurotrophins' crucial role in aging pathologies, here we discuss the involvement of several neurotrophic factors in the most common brain aging-related diseases and the most recent therapeutic approaches that provide direct and sustained neurotrophic support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Alfonsetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Michele d’Angelo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Vanessa Castelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy,Correspondence to: Vanessa Castelli, .
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20
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Klæstrup IH, Just MK, Holm KL, Alstrup AKO, Romero-Ramos M, Borghammer P, Van Den Berge N. Impact of aging on animal models of Parkinson's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:909273. [PMID: 35966779 PMCID: PMC9366194 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.909273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the biggest risk factor for developing Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. Several animal models have been developed to explore the pathophysiology underlying neurodegeneration and the initiation and spread of alpha-synuclein-related PD pathology, and to investigate biomarkers and therapeutic strategies. However, bench-to-bedside translation of preclinical findings remains suboptimal and successful disease-modifying treatments remain to be discovered. Despite aging being the main risk factor for developing idiopathic PD, most studies employ young animals in their experimental set-up, hereby ignoring age-related cellular and molecular mechanisms at play. Consequently, studies in young animals may not be an accurate reflection of human PD, limiting translational outcomes. Recently, it has been shown that aged animals in PD research demonstrate a higher susceptibility to developing pathology and neurodegeneration, and present with a more disseminated and accelerated disease course, compared to young animals. Here we review recent advances in the investigation of the role of aging in preclinical PD research, including challenges related to aged animal models that are limiting widespread use. Overall, current findings indicate that the use of aged animals may be required to account for age-related interactions in PD pathophysiology. Thus, although the use of older animals has disadvantages, a model that better represents clinical disease within the elderly would be more beneficial in the long run, as it will increase translational value and minimize the risk of therapies failing during clinical studies. Furthermore, we provide recommendations to manage the challenges related to aged animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Hyllen Klæstrup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- DANDRITE-Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mie Kristine Just
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Aage Kristian Olsen Alstrup
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marina Romero-Ramos
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- DANDRITE-Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic-EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per Borghammer
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nathalie Van Den Berge
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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21
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Li D, Huang LT, Zhang CP, Li Q, Wang JH. Insights Into the Role of Platelet-Derived Growth Factors: Implications for Parkinson’s Disease Pathogenesis and Treatment. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:890509. [PMID: 35847662 PMCID: PMC9283766 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.890509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s disease, commonly occurs in the elderly population, causing a significant medical and economic burden to the aging society worldwide. At present, there are few effective methods that achieve satisfactory clinical results in the treatment of PD. Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) and platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs) are important neurotrophic factors that are expressed in various cell types. Their unique structures allow for specific binding that can effectively regulate vital functions in the nervous system. In this review, we summarized the possible mechanisms by which PDGFs/PDGFRs regulate the occurrence and development of PD by affecting oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, protein folding and aggregation, Ca2+ homeostasis, and cell neuroinflammation. These modes of action mainly depend on the type and distribution of PDGFs in different nerve cells. We also summarized the possible clinical applications and prospects for PDGF in the treatment of PD, especially in genetic treatment. Recent advances have shown that PDGFs have contradictory roles within the central nervous system (CNS). Although they exert neuroprotective effects through multiple pathways, they are also associated with the disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Our recommendations based on our findings include further investigation of the contradictory neurotrophic and neurotoxic effects of the PDGFs acting on the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Le-Tian Huang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cheng-pu Zhang
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Li,
| | - Jia-He Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Jia-He Wang,
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CRISPR-Cas9-Based Technology and Its Relevance to Gene Editing in Parkinson's Disease. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061252. [PMID: 35745824 PMCID: PMC9229276 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) and other chronic and debilitating neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) impose a substantial medical, emotional, and financial burden on individuals and society. The origin of PD is unknown due to a complex combination of hereditary and environmental risk factors. However, over the last several decades, a significant amount of available data from clinical and experimental studies has implicated neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, dysregulated protein degradation, and mitochondrial dysfunction as the primary causes of PD neurodegeneration. The new gene-editing techniques hold great promise for research and therapy of NDs, such as PD, for which there are currently no effective disease-modifying treatments. As a result, gene therapy may offer new treatment options, transforming our ability to treat this disease. We present a detailed overview of novel gene-editing delivery vehicles, which is essential for their successful implementation in both cutting-edge research and prospective therapeutics. Moreover, we review the most recent advancements in CRISPR-based applications and gene therapies for a better understanding of treating PD. We explore the benefits and drawbacks of using them for a range of gene-editing applications in the brain, emphasizing some fascinating possibilities.
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Mawe GM, Browning KN, Manfredsson FP, Camilleri M, Hamilton FA, Hollander JA, Sieber BA, Greenwel P, Shea-Donohue T, Wiley JW. 2021 Workshop: Neurodegenerative Diseases in the Gut-Brain Axis-Parkinson's Disease. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:1574-1582. [PMID: 35149029 PMCID: PMC9038653 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary M Mawe
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.
| | - Kirsteen N Browning
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Science, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Fredric P Manfredsson
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | | | - Frank A Hamilton
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jonathan A Hollander
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Beth-Anne Sieber
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Patricia Greenwel
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Terez Shea-Donohue
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - John W Wiley
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Stefani A, Pierantozzi M, Cardarelli S, Stefani L, Cerroni R, Conti M, Garasto E, Mercuri NB, Marini C, Sucapane P. Neurotrophins as Therapeutic Agents for Parkinson’s Disease; New Chances From Focused Ultrasound? Front Neurosci 2022; 16:846681. [PMID: 35401084 PMCID: PMC8990810 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.846681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic Resonance–guided Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS) represents an effective micro-lesioning approach to target pharmaco-resistant tremor, mostly in patients afflicted by essential tremor (ET) and/or Parkinson’s disease (PD). So far, experimental protocols are verifying the clinical extension to other facets of the movement disorder galaxy (i.e., internal pallidus for disabling dyskinesias). Aside from those neurosurgical options, one of the most intriguing opportunities of this technique relies on its capability to remedy the impermeability of blood–brain barrier (BBB). Temporary BBB opening through low-intensity focused ultrasound turned out to be safe and feasible in patients with PD, Alzheimer’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. As a mere consequence of the procedures, some groups described even reversible but significant mild cognitive amelioration, up to hippocampal neurogenesis partially associated to the increased of endogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). A further development elevates MRgFUS to the status of therapeutic tool for drug delivery of putative neurorestorative therapies. Since 2012, FUS-assisted intravenous administration of BDNF or neurturin allowed hippocampal or striatal delivery. Experimental studies emphasized synergistic modalities. In a rodent model for Huntington’s disease, engineered liposomes can carry glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) plasmid DNA (GDNFp) to form a GDNFp-liposome (GDNFp-LPs) complex through pulsed FUS exposures with microbubbles; in a subacute MPTP-PD model, the combination of intravenous administration of neurotrophic factors (either through protein or gene delivery) plus FUS did curb nigrostriatal degeneration. Here, we explore these arguments, focusing on the current, translational application of neurotrophins in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Stefani
- Department of System Medicine, Parkinson Center, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alessandro Stefani,
| | | | - Silvia Cardarelli
- Department of System Medicine, Parkinson Center, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Stefani
- Department of System Medicine, Parkinson Center, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Cerroni
- Department of System Medicine, Parkinson Center, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Conti
- Department of System Medicine, UOC Neurology, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Garasto
- Department of System Medicine, UOC Neurology, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola B. Mercuri
- Department of System Medicine, UOC Neurology, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Marini
- UOC Neurology and Stroke Unit, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
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25
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Miao Q, Chai Z, Song LJ, Wang Q, Song GB, Wang J, Yu JZ, Xiao BG, Ma CG. The neuroprotective effects and transdifferentiation of astrocytes into dopaminergic neurons of Ginkgolide K on Parkinson's disease mice. J Neuroimmunol 2022; 364:577806. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Mechanistic Insight from Preclinical Models of Parkinson's Disease Could Help Redirect Clinical Trial Efforts in GDNF Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111702. [PMID: 34769132 PMCID: PMC8583859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by four pathognomonic hallmarks: (1) motor and non-motor deficits; (2) neuroinflammation and oxidative stress; (3) pathological aggregates of the α-synuclein (α-syn) protein; (4) neurodegeneration of the nigrostriatal system. Recent evidence sustains that the aggregation of pathological α-syn occurs in the early stages of the disease, becoming the first trigger of neuroinflammation and subsequent neurodegeneration. Thus, a therapeutic line aims at striking back α-synucleinopathy and neuroinflammation to impede neurodegeneration. Another therapeutic line is restoring the compromised dopaminergic system using neurotrophic factors, particularly the glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Preclinical studies with GDNF have provided encouraging results but often lack evaluation of anti-α-syn and anti-inflammatory effects. In contrast, clinical trials have yielded imprecise results and have reported the emergence of severe side effects. Here, we analyze the discrepancy between preclinical and clinical outcomes, review the mechanisms of the aggregation of pathological α-syn, including neuroinflammation, and evaluate the neurorestorative properties of GDNF, emphasizing its anti-α-syn and anti-inflammatory effects in preclinical and clinical trials.
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All Roads Lead to Rome: Different Molecular Players Converge to Common Toxic Pathways in Neurodegeneration. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092438. [PMID: 34572087 PMCID: PMC8468417 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Huntington’s disease (HD) are being suggested to have common cellular and molecular pathological mechanisms, characterized mainly by protein misfolding and aggregation. These large inclusions, most likely, represent an end stage of a molecular cascade; however, the soluble misfolded proteins, which take part in earlier steps of this cascade, are the more toxic players. These pathological proteins, which characterize each specific disease, lead to the selective vulnerability of different neurons, likely resulting from a combination of different intracellular mechanisms, including mitochondrial dysfunction, ER stress, proteasome inhibition, excitotoxicity, oxidative damage, defects in nucleocytoplasmic transport, defective axonal transport and neuroinflammation. Damage within these neurons is enhanced by damage from the nonneuronal cells, via inflammatory processes that accelerate the progression of these diseases. In this review, while acknowledging the hallmark proteins which characterize the most common NDDs; we place specific focus on the common overlapping mechanisms leading to disease pathology despite these different molecular players and discuss how this convergence may occur, with the ultimate hope that therapies effective in one disease may successfully translate to another.
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28
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Fernandez-Parrilla MA, Reyes-Corona D, Flores-Martinez YM, Nadella R, Bannon MJ, Escobedo L, Maldonado-Berny M, Santoyo-Salazar J, Soto-Rojas LO, Luna-Herrera C, Ayala-Davila J, Gonzalez-Barrios JA, Flores G, Gutierrez-Castillo ME, Espadas-Alvarez AJ, Martínez-Dávila IA, Nava P, Martinez-Fong D. Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor transfection in dopamine neurons using neurotensin-polyplex nanoparticles reverses 6-hydroxydopamine-induced nigrostriatal neurodegeneration. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:854-866. [PMID: 34472486 PMCID: PMC8530149 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.321001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of neurotrophic factors in nigral dopamine neurons is a promising approach to reverse neurodegeneration of the nigrostriatal dopamine system, a hallmark in Parkinson's disease. The human cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (hCDNF) has recently emerged as a strong candidate for Parkinson's disease therapy. This study shows that hCDNF expression in dopamine neurons using the neurotensin-polyplex nanoparticle system reverses 6-hydroxydopamine-induced morphological, biochemical, and behavioral alterations. Three independent electron microscopy techniques showed that the neurotensin-polyplex nanoparticles containing the hCDNF gene, ranging in size from 20 to 150 nm, enabled the expression of a secretable hCDNF in vitro. Their injection in the substantia nigra compacta on day 21 after the 6-hydroxydopamine lesion resulted in detectable hCDNF in dopamine neurons, whose levels remained constant throughout the study in the substantia nigra compacta and striatum. Compared with the lesioned group, tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (TH+) nigral cell population and TH+ fiber density rose in the substantia nigra compacta and striatum after hCDNF transfection. An increase in βIII-tubulin and growth-associated protein 43 phospho-S41 (GAP43p) followed TH+ cell recovery, as well as dopamine and its catabolite levels. Partial reversal (80%) of drug-activated circling behavior and full recovery of spontaneous motor and non-motor behavior were achieved. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor recovery in dopamine neurons that also occurred suggests its participation in the neurotrophic effects. These findings support the potential of nanoparticle-mediated hCDNF gene delivery to develop a disease-modifying treatment against Parkinson's disease. The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados approved our experimental procedures for animal use (authorization No. 162-15) on June 9, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A Fernandez-Parrilla
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México, México
| | - David Reyes-Corona
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Yazmin M Flores-Martinez
- Programa Institucional de Biomedicina Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Homeopatía, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rasajna Nadella
- Department of Biosciences, IIIT-Srikakulam, Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies (RGUKT), Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Michael J Bannon
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Lourdes Escobedo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Minerva Maldonado-Berny
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jaime Santoyo-Salazar
- Departamento de Física, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Luis O Soto-Rojas
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Edo. de México, México
| | - Claudia Luna-Herrera
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jose Ayala-Davila
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Juan A Gonzalez-Barrios
- Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Hospital Regional "1° de Octubre", ISSSTE, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Maria E Gutierrez-Castillo
- Departamento de Biociencias e Ingeniería, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Armando J Espadas-Alvarez
- Departamento de Biociencias e Ingeniería, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Irma A Martínez-Dávila
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Porfirio Nava
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Daniel Martinez-Fong
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias; Programa de Nanociencias y nanotecnología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Ciudad de México, México
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Rai SN, Singh P, Varshney R, Chaturvedi VK, Vamanu E, Singh MP, Singh BK. Promising drug targets and associated therapeutic interventions in Parkinson's disease. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1730-1739. [PMID: 33510062 PMCID: PMC8328771 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.306066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most debilitating brain diseases. Despite the availability of symptomatic treatments, response towards the health of PD patients remains scarce. To fulfil the medical needs of the PD patients, an efficacious and etiological treatment is required. In this review, we have compiled the information covering limitations of current therapeutic options in PD, novel drug targets for PD, and finally, the role of some critical beneficial natural products to control the progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Payal Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ritu Varshney
- Department of Bioengineering and Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Emanuel Vamanu
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Agronomic Science and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | - M. P. Singh
- Centre of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Brijesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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30
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The C-terminal domain of the heavy chain of tetanus toxin prevents the oxidative and nitrosative stress induced by acute toxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Res 2021; 174:36-45. [PMID: 34453989 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The recombinant carboxyl-terminal domain of the heavy chain of tetanus toxin (Hc-TeTx) exerts neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects on the dopaminergic system of animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD). The present study aimed to determine the effect of the Hc-TeTx fragment on the markers of oxidative stress and nitrosative stress generated by the acute toxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). For this purpose, the Hc-TeTx fragment was administered once a day in three 20 μg/kg consecutive injections into the grastrocnemius muscle of the rats, with an intra-striatal unilateral injection of 1 μL of MPP+ [10 μg/mL] then administered in order to cause a dopaminergic lesion. The results obtained show that the rats treated with Hc-TeTx plus MPP+ presented an increase in the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a significantly greater decrease in the levels of the markers of oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, and neurodegeneration than that observed for the group injured with only MPP+. Moreover, it was observed that total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and copper/zinc SOD activity increased with the administration of Hc-TeTx. Finally, immunoreactivity levels were observed to decrease for the levels of 3-nitrotyrosine and the glial fibrillary acidic protein in the ipsilateral striatum of the rats treated with Hc-TeTx plus MPP+, in contrast with those lesioned with MPP+ alone. Our results demonstrate that the recombinant Hc-TeTx fragment may be a potent antioxidant and, therefore, could be suggested as a therapeutic tool against the dopaminergic neuronal impairment observed in the early stages of PD.
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31
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Bondarenko O, Saarma M. Neurotrophic Factors in Parkinson's Disease: Clinical Trials, Open Challenges and Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery to the Brain. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:682597. [PMID: 34149364 PMCID: PMC8206542 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.682597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) are small secreted proteins that support the development, maturation and survival of neurons. NTFs injected into the brain rescue and regenerate certain neuronal populations lost in neurodegenerative diseases, demonstrating the potential of NTFs to cure the diseases rather than simply alleviating the symptoms. NTFs (as the vast majority of molecules) do not pass through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and therefore, are delivered directly into the brain of patients using costly and risky intracranial surgery. The delivery efficacy and poor diffusion of some NTFs inside the brain are considered the major problems behind their modest effects in clinical trials. Thus, there is a great need for NTFs to be delivered systemically thereby avoiding intracranial surgery. Nanoparticles (NPs), particles with the size dimensions of 1-100 nm, can be used to stabilize NTFs and facilitate their transport through the BBB. Several studies have shown that NTFs can be loaded into or attached onto NPs, administered systemically and transported to the brain. To improve the NP-mediated NTF delivery through the BBB, the surface of NPs can be functionalized with specific ligands such as transferrin, insulin, lactoferrin, apolipoproteins, antibodies or short peptides that will be recognized and internalized by the respective receptors on brain endothelial cells. In this review, we elaborate on the most suitable NTF delivery methods and envision "ideal" NTF for Parkinson's disease (PD) and clinical trial thereof. We shortly summarize clinical trials of four NTFs, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), neurturin (NRTN), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB), and cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF), that were tested in PD patients, focusing mainly on GDNF and CDNF. We summarize current possibilities of NP-mediated delivery of NTFs to the brain and discuss whether NPs have impact in improving the properties of NTFs and delivery across the BBB. Emerging delivery approaches and future directions of NTF-based nanomedicine are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesja Bondarenko
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Mart Saarma
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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32
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Miller KM, Mercado NM, Sortwell CE. Synucleinopathy-associated pathogenesis in Parkinson's disease and the potential for brain-derived neurotrophic factor. NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 7:35. [PMID: 33846345 PMCID: PMC8041900 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00179-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The lack of disease-modifying treatments for Parkinson’s disease (PD) is in part due to an incomplete understanding of the disease’s etiology. Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) has become a point of focus in PD due to its connection to both familial and idiopathic cases—specifically its localization to Lewy bodies (LBs), a pathological hallmark of PD. Within this review, we will present a comprehensive overview of the data linking synuclein-associated Lewy pathology with intracellular dysfunction. We first present the alterations in neuronal proteins and transcriptome associated with LBs in postmortem human PD tissue. We next compare these findings to those associated with LB-like inclusions initiated by in vitro exposure to α-syn preformed fibrils (PFFs) and highlight the profound and relatively unique reduction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in this model. Finally, we discuss the multitude of ways in which BDNF offers the potential to exert disease-modifying effects on the basal ganglia. What remains unknown is the potential for BDNF to mitigate inclusion-associated dysfunction within the context of synucleinopathy. Collectively, this review reiterates the merit of using the PFF model as a tool to understand the physiological changes associated with LBs, while highlighting the neuroprotective potential of harnessing endogenous BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Miller
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, College of Natural Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Natosha M Mercado
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, College of Natural Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Caryl E Sortwell
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA. .,Hauenstein Neuroscience Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
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33
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Zhu L, Luo X, Fu N, Chen L. Mitochondrial unfolded protein response: A novel pathway in metabolism and immunity. Pharmacol Res 2021; 168:105603. [PMID: 33838292 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mitoUPR) is a mitochondria stress response to maintain mitochondrial proteostasis during stress. Increasing evidence suggests that mitoUPR participates in diverse physiological processes especially metabolism and immunity. Although mitoUPR regulates metabolism in many aspects, it is mainly reflected in the regulation of energy metabolism. During stress, mitoUPR alters energy metabolism via suppressing oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) or increasing glycolysis. MitoUPR also alters energy metabolism and regulates diverse metabolic diseases such as diabetes, cancers, fatty liver and obesity. In addition, mitoUPR also participates in immune process during stress. MitoUPR can induce innate immune response during various infections and may regulate inflammatory response during diverse inflammations. Considering the pleiotropic actions of mitoUPR, mitoUPR may supply diverse therapeutic targets for metabolic diseases and immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Xuling Luo
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Nian Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China.
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34
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Chmielarz P, Domanskyi A. Alpha-synuclein preformed fibrils: a tool to understand Parkinson's disease and develop disease modifying therapy. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2219-2221. [PMID: 33818501 PMCID: PMC8354128 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.310686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Chmielarz
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Finland; Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Brain Biochemistry, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrii Domanskyi
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki; Orion Corporation Orion Pharma, Turku, Finland
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