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Kunimura K, Nakamoto M, Ushijima M. S-1-Propenylcysteine Enhances Endurance Capacity of Mice by Stimulating Fatty Acid Metabolism via Muscle Isoform of Carnitine Acyltransferase-1. J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)00408-5. [PMID: 39053609 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endurance is an important capacity to sustain healthy lifestyles. Aged garlic extract (AGE) has been reported to exert an endurance-enhancing effect in clinical and animal studies, although little is known about its active ingredients and mechanism of action. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the potential effect of S-1-propenylcysteine (S1PC), a characteristic sulfur amino acid in AGE, on the swimming endurance of mice, and examined its mechanism of action by a metabolomics-based approach. METHODS Male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice (6 wk old) were orally administered either water (control) or S1PC (6.5 mg/kg/d) for 2 wk. The swimming duration to exhaustion was measured at 24 h after the final administration. Nontargeted metabolomic analysis was conducted on the plasma samples obtained from mice after 40-min submaximal swimming bouts. Subsequently, the enzyme activity of carnitine acyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) and the content of malonyl-coenzyme A (CoA), acetyl-CoA, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were quantified in heart, skeletal muscles, and liver of mice. RESULTS The duration time of swimming was substantially increased in the S1PC-treated mice as compared with the control group. Metabolomic analysis revealed significant alterations in the plasma concentration of the metabolites involved in fatty acid metabolism, in particular medium- or long-chain acylcarnitines in the mice treated with S1PC. Moreover, the administration of S1PC significantly enhanced the CPT-1 activity with the concomitant decrease in the malonyl-CoA content in the heart and skeletal muscles. These effects of S1PC were accompanied by the elevation of the acetyl-CoA and ATP levels to enhance the energy production in those tissues. CONCLUSIONS S1PC is a key constituent responsible for the endurance-enhancing effect of AGE. This study suggests that S1PC helps provide energy during endurance exercise by increasing fatty acid metabolism via CPT-1 activation in the heart and skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Kunimura
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Masato Nakamoto
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Ushijima
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan
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2
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Bornstein MR, Tian R, Arany Z. Human cardiac metabolism. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1456-1481. [PMID: 38959861 PMCID: PMC11290709 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The heart is the most metabolically active organ in the human body, and cardiac metabolism has been studied for decades. However, the bulk of studies have focused on animal models. The objective of this review is to summarize specifically what is known about cardiac metabolism in humans. Techniques available to study human cardiac metabolism are first discussed, followed by a review of human cardiac metabolism in health and in heart failure. Mechanistic insights, where available, are reviewed, and the evidence for the contribution of metabolic insufficiency to heart failure, as well as past and current attempts at metabolism-based therapies, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc R Bornstein
- Cardiovascular Institute Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rong Tian
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zoltan Arany
- Cardiovascular Institute Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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3
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Seefeldt JM, Homilius C, Hansen J, Lassen TR, Jespersen NR, Jensen RV, Boedtkjer E, Bøtker HE, Nielsen R. Short-Chain Fatty Acid Butyrate Is an Inotropic Agent With Vasorelaxant and Cardioprotective Properties. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e033744. [PMID: 38686853 PMCID: PMC11179878 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.033744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heart can metabolize the microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acid butyrate. Butyrate may have beneficial effects in heart failure, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that butyrate elevates cardiac output by mechanisms involving direct stimulation of cardiac contractility and vasorelaxation in rats. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined the effects of butyrate on (1) in vivo hemodynamics using parallel echocardiographic and invasive blood pressure measurements, (2) isolated perfused hearts in Langendorff systems under physiological conditions and after ischemia and reperfusion, and (3) isolated coronary arteries mounted in isometric wire myographs. We tested Na-butyrate added to injection solutions or physiological buffers and compared its effects with equimolar doses of NaCl. Butyrate at plasma concentrations of 0.56 mM increased cardiac output by 48.8±14.9%, stroke volume by 38.5±12.1%, and left ventricular ejection fraction by 39.6±6.2%, and lowered systemic vascular resistance by 33.5±6.4% without affecting blood pressure or heart rate in vivo. In the range between 0.1 and 5 mM, butyrate increased left ventricular systolic pressure by up to 23.7±3.4% in isolated perfused hearts and by 9.4±2.9% following ischemia and reperfusion, while reducing myocardial infarct size by 81.7±16.9%. Butyrate relaxed isolated coronary septal arteries concentration dependently with an EC50=0.57 mM (95% CI, 0.23-1.44). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that butyrate elevates cardiac output through mechanisms involving increased cardiac contractility and vasorelaxation. This effect of butyrate was not associated with adverse myocardial injury in damaged hearts exposed to ischemia and reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Marthinsen Seefeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Department of Cardiology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
| | | | - Jakob Hansen
- Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Department of Forensic Medicine Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Ebbe Boedtkjer
- Department of Biomedicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Department of Cardiology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
| | - Roni Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Department of Cardiology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
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4
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Pherwani S, Connolly D, Sun Q, Karwi QG, Carr M, Ho KL, Wagg CS, Zhang L, Levasseur J, Silver H, Dyck JRB, Lopaschuk GD. Ketones provide an extra source of fuel for the failing heart without impairing glucose oxidation. Metabolism 2024; 154:155818. [PMID: 38369056 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac glucose oxidation is decreased in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), contributing to a decrease in myocardial ATP production. In contrast, circulating ketones and cardiac ketone oxidation are increased in HFrEF. Since ketones compete with glucose as a fuel source, we aimed to determine whether increasing ketone concentration both chronically with the SGLT2 inhibitor, dapagliflozin, or acutely in the perfusate has detrimental effects on cardiac glucose oxidation in HFrEF, and what effect this has on cardiac ATP production. METHODS 8-week-old male C57BL6/N mice underwent sham or transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery to induce HFrEF over 3 weeks, after which TAC mice were randomized to treatment with either vehicle or the SGLT2 inhibitor, dapagliflozin (DAPA), for 4 weeks (raises blood ketones). Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography. Cardiac energy metabolism was measured in isolated working hearts perfused with 5 mM glucose, 0.8 mM palmitate, and either 0.2 mM or 0.6 mM β-hydroxybutyrate (βOHB). RESULTS TAC hearts had significantly decreased %EF compared to sham hearts, with no effect of DAPA. Glucose oxidation was significantly decreased in TAC hearts compared to sham hearts and did not decrease further in TAC hearts treated with high βOHB or in TAC DAPA hearts, despite βOHB oxidation rates increasing in both TAC vehicle and TAC DAPA hearts at high βOHB concentrations. Rather, increasing βOHB supply to the heart selectively decreased fatty acid oxidation rates. DAPA significantly increased ATP production at both βOHB concentrations by increasing the contribution of glucose oxidation to ATP production. CONCLUSION Therefore, increasing ketone concentration increases energy supply and ATP production in HFrEF without further impairing glucose oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Pherwani
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - David Connolly
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Qiuyu Sun
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Qutuba G Karwi
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada; Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John's A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Michael Carr
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Kim L Ho
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Cory S Wagg
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Liyan Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Jody Levasseur
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Heidi Silver
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Jason R B Dyck
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Gary D Lopaschuk
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada.
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5
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Xue Z, Wu D, Zhang J, Pan Y, Kan R, Gao J, Zhou B. Protective effect and mechanism of procyanidin B2 against hypoxic injury of cardiomyocytes. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21309. [PMID: 37885736 PMCID: PMC10598540 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiomyocyte ischemia and hypoxia are important causes of oxidative stress damage and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in coronary heart disease (CHD). Epidemiological investigation has shown that eating more plant-based foods, such as vegetables and fruits, may significantly decrease the risk of CHD. As natural antioxidants, botanicals have fewer toxic side effects than chemical drugs and have great potential for development. Procyanidin B2 (PB2) is composed of flavan-3-ol and epicatechin and has been reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, whether PB2 exerts protective effects on hypoxic cardiomyocytes has remained unclear. This study aimed to explore the protective effect of PB2 against cardiomyocyte hypoxia and to provide new treatment strategies and ideas for myocardial ischemia and hypoxia in CHD. Methods and results A hypoxic cardiomyocyte model was constructed, and a CCK-8 assay proved that PB2 had a protective effect on cardiomyocytes in a hypoxic environment. DCFH fluorescence staining, DHE staining, and BODIPY lipid oxidation assessment revealed that PB2 reduced the oxidative stress levels of cardiomyocytes under hypoxic conditions. TUNEL staining, Annexin V/PI fluorescence flow cytometry, and Western blot analysis of the expression of the apoptosis marker protein cleaved caspase-3 confirmed that PB2 reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis under hypoxic conditions. JC-1 staining indicated that PB2 reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential of cardiomyocytes under hypoxia. In addition, transcriptomic analysis proved that the expression of 158 genes in cardiomyocytes was significantly changed after PB2 was added during hypoxia, of which 53 genes were upregulated and 105 genes were downregulated. GO enrichment analysis demonstrated that the activity of cytokines, extracellular matrix proteins and other molecules was changed significantly in the biological process category. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the IL-17 signaling pathway and JAK-STAT signaling pathway underwent significant changes. We also performed metabolomic analysis and found that the levels of 51 metabolites were significantly changed after the addition of PB2 to cardiomyocytes during hypoxia. Among them, 39 metabolites exhibited increased levels, while 12 metabolites exhibited decreased levels. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that cysteine and methionine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism and other metabolic pathways underwent remarkable changes. Conclusion This study proves that PB2 can reduce the oxidative stress and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes during hypoxia to play a protective role. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses preliminarily revealed signaling pathways and metabolic pathways that are related to its protective mechanism. These findings lay a foundation for further research on the role of PB2 in the treatment of CHD and provide new ideas and new perspectives for research on PB2 in the treatment of other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danyu Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiefang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongsheng Kan
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binquan Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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6
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Homilius C, Seefeldt JM, Axelsen JS, Pedersen TM, Sørensen TM, Nielsen R, Wiggers H, Hansen J, Matchkov VV, Bøtker HE, Boedtkjer E. Ketone body 3-hydroxybutyrate elevates cardiac output through peripheral vasorelaxation and enhanced cardiac contractility. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:37. [PMID: 37688627 PMCID: PMC10492777 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The ketone body 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-OHB) increases cardiac output and myocardial perfusion without affecting blood pressure in humans, but the cardiovascular sites of action remain obscure. Here, we test the hypothesis in rats that 3-OHB acts directly on the heart to increase cardiac contractility and directly on blood vessels to lower systemic vascular resistance. We investigate effects of 3-OHB on (a) in vivo hemodynamics using echocardiography and invasive blood pressure measurements, (b) isolated perfused hearts in Langendorff systems, and (c) isolated arteries and veins in isometric myographs. We compare Na-3-OHB to equimolar NaCl added to physiological buffers or injection solutions. At plasma concentrations of 2-4 mM in vivo, 3-OHB increases cardiac output (by 28.3±7.8%), stroke volume (by 22.4±6.0%), left ventricular ejection fraction (by 13.3±4.6%), and arterial dP/dtmax (by 31.9±11.2%) and lowers systemic vascular resistance (by 30.6±11.2%) without substantially affecting heart rate or blood pressure. Applied to isolated perfused hearts at 3-10 mM, 3-OHB increases left ventricular developed pressure by up to 26.3±7.4 mmHg and coronary perfusion by up to 20.2±9.5%. Beginning at 1-3 mM, 3-OHB relaxes isolated coronary (EC50=12.4 mM), cerebral, femoral, mesenteric, and renal arteries as well as brachial, femoral, and mesenteric veins by up to 60% of pre-contraction within the pathophysiological concentration range. Of the two enantiomers that constitute racemic 3-OHB, D-3-OHB dominates endogenously; but tested separately, the enantiomers induce similar vasorelaxation. We conclude that increased cardiac contractility and generalized systemic vasorelaxation can explain the elevated cardiac output during 3-OHB administration. These actions strengthen the therapeutic rationale for 3-OHB in heart failure management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper Homilius
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jacob Marthinsen Seefeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julie Sørensen Axelsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tina Myhre Pedersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Trine Monberg Sørensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Roni Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Wiggers
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jakob Hansen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vladimir V Matchkov
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ebbe Boedtkjer
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Hoegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
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7
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Kong W, Peng Y, Ji C, Liu Z, Gao S, Zhang Y, Chen J, Li X, Bao M, Zhang Y, Jiang Q, Wang F, Li Z, Bian X, Ye J. Akt2 deficiency alleviates oxidative stress in the heart and liver via up-regulating SIRT6 during high-fat diet-induced obesity. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:823-841. [PMID: 37184210 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the role of AKT2 in the pathogenesis of hepatic and cardiac lipotoxicity induced by lipid overload-induced obesity and identify its downstream targets. WT and Akt2 KO mice were fed either normal diet, or high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity model in vivo. Human hepatic cell line (L02 cells) and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) were used as in vitro models. We observed that during HFD-induced obesity, Akt2 loss-of-function mitigated lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in the liver and heart tissue. Mechanistically, down-regulation of Akt2 promotes SIRT6 expression in L02 cells and NRCMs, the latter deacetylates SOD2, which promotes SOD2 activity and therefore alleviates oxidative stress-induced injury of hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, we also proved that AKT2 inhibitor protects hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes from HFD-induced oxidative stress. Therefore, our work prove that AKT2 plays an important role in the regulation of obesity-induced lipid metabolic disorder in the liver and heart. Our study also indicates AKT2 inhibitor as a potential therapy for obesity-induced hepatic and cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixian Kong
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Yue Peng
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Caoyu Ji
- Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Zekun Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Shuya Gao
- Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Yuexin Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Jiawen Chen
- Research Center of Biostatistics and Computational Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Xie Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Mengmeng Bao
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Yubin Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Qizhou Jiang
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Fuqun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Meizhou People's Hospital, Meizhou 514031, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xiaohong Bian
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Junmei Ye
- College of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210006, China
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8
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Du J, Sudlow LC, Shahverdi K, Zhou H, Michie M, Schindler TH, Mitchell JD, Mollah S, Berezin MY. Oxaliplatin-induced cardiotoxicity in mice is connected to the changes in energy metabolism in the heart tissue. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.24.542198. [PMID: 37292714 PMCID: PMC10245950 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.24.542198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is a platinum-based alkylating chemotherapeutic agent used for cancer treatment. At high cumulative dosage, the negative effect of oxaliplatin on the heart becomes evident and is linked to a growing number of clinical reports. The aim of this study was to determine how chronic oxaliplatin treatment causes the changes in energy-related metabolic activity in the heart that leads to cardiotoxicity and heart damage in mice. C57BL/6 male mice were treated with a human equivalent dosage of intraperitoneal oxaliplatin (0 and 10 mg/kg) once a week for eight weeks. During the treatment, mice were followed for physiological parameters, ECG, histology and RNA sequencing of the heart. We identified that oxaliplatin induces strong changes in the heart and affects the heart's energy-related metabolic profile. Histological post-mortem evaluation identified focal myocardial necrosis infiltrated with a small number of associated neutrophils. Accumulated doses of oxaliplatin led to significant changes in gene expression related to energy related metabolic pathways including fatty acid (FA) oxidation, amino acid metabolism, glycolysis, electron transport chain, and NAD synthesis pathway. At high accumulative doses of oxaliplatin, the heart shifts its metabolism from FAs to glycolysis and increases lactate production. It also leads to strong overexpression of genes in NAD synthesis pathways such as Nmrk2. Changes in gene expression associated with energy metabolic pathways can be used to develop diagnostic methods to detect oxaliplatin-induced cardiotoxicity early on as well as therapy to compensate for the energy deficit in the heart to prevent heart damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Du
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Institute of Materials Science & Engineering Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Leland C Sudlow
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kiana Shahverdi
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Haiying Zhou
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Megan Michie
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Thomas H Schindler
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joshua D Mitchell
- Cardio-Oncology Center of Excellence, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Shamim Mollah
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Mikhail Y Berezin
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Institute of Materials Science & Engineering Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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9
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Kovilakath A, Wohlford G, Cowart LA. Circulating sphingolipids in heart failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1154447. [PMID: 37229233 PMCID: PMC10203217 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1154447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lack of significant advancements in early detection and treatment of heart failure have precipitated the need for discovery of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Over the past decade, circulating sphingolipids have elicited promising results as biomarkers that premonish adverse cardiac events. Additionally, compelling evidence directly ties sphingolipids to these events in patients with incident heart failure. This review aims to summarize the current literature on circulating sphingolipids in both human cohorts and animal models of heart failure. The goal is to provide direction and focus for future mechanistic studies in heart failure, as well as pave the way for the development of new sphingolipid biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kovilakath
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - George Wohlford
- Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - L. Ashley Cowart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Richmond Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States
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10
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Demydenko K, Ekhteraei-Tousi S, Roderick HL. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors in cardiomyocyte physiology and disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210319. [PMID: 36189803 PMCID: PMC9527928 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The contraction of cardiac muscle underlying the pumping action of the heart is mediated by the process of excitation-contraction coupling (ECC). While triggered by Ca2+ entry across the sarcolemma during the action potential, it is the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) intracellular Ca2+ store via ryanodine receptors (RyRs) that plays the major role in induction of contraction. Ca2+ also acts as a key intracellular messenger regulating transcription underlying hypertrophic growth. Although Ca2+ release via RyRs is by far the greatest contributor to the generation of Ca2+ transients in the cardiomyocyte, Ca2+ is also released from the SR via inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) receptors (InsP3Rs). This InsP3-induced Ca2+ release modifies Ca2+ transients during ECC, participates in directing Ca2+ to the mitochondria, and stimulates the transcription of genes underlying hypertrophic growth. Central to these specific actions of InsP3Rs is their localization to responsible signalling microdomains, the dyad, the SR-mitochondrial interface and the nucleus. In this review, the various roles of InsP3R in cardiac (patho)physiology and the mechanisms by which InsP3 signalling selectively influences the different cardiomyocyte cell processes in which it is involved will be presented. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The cardiomyocyte: new revelations on the interplay between architecture and function in growth, health, and disease’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Demydenko
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Samaneh Ekhteraei-Tousi
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - H Llewelyn Roderick
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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11
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Schwartz B, Gjini P, Gopal DM, Fetterman JL. Inefficient Batteries in Heart Failure: Metabolic Bottlenecks Disrupting the Mitochondrial Ecosystem. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2022; 7:1161-1179. [PMID: 36687274 PMCID: PMC9849281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2022.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial abnormalities have long been described in the setting of cardiomyopathies and heart failure (HF), yet the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac pathophysiology remain poorly understood. Many studies have described HF as an energy-deprived state characterized by a decline in adenosine triphosphate production, largely driven by impaired oxidative phosphorylation. However, impairments in oxidative phosphorylation extend beyond a simple decline in adenosine triphosphate production and, in fact, reflect pervasive metabolic aberrations that cannot be fully appreciated from the isolated, often siloed, interrogation of individual aspects of mitochondrial function. With the application of broader and deeper examinations into mitochondrial and metabolic systems, recent data suggest that HF with preserved ejection fraction is likely metabolically disparate from HF with reduced ejection fraction. In our review, we introduce the concept of the mitochondrial ecosystem, comprising intricate systems of metabolic pathways and dynamic changes in mitochondrial networks and subcellular locations. The mitochondrial ecosystem exists in a delicate balance, and perturbations in one component often have a ripple effect, influencing both upstream and downstream cellular pathways with effects enhanced by mitochondrial genetic variation. Expanding and deepening our vantage of the mitochondrial ecosystem in HF is critical to identifying consistent metabolic perturbations to develop therapeutics aimed at preventing and improving outcomes in HF.
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Key Words
- ADP, adenosine diphosphate
- ANT1, adenine translocator 1
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy
- DRP-1, dynamin-related protein 1
- EET, epoxyeicosatrienoic acid
- FADH2/FAD, flavin adenine dinucleotide
- HETE, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid
- HF, heart failure
- HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
- HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
- HIF1α, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α
- LV, left ventricle
- LVAD, left ventricular assist device
- LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction
- NADH/NAD+, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- OPA1, optic atrophy protein 1
- OXPHOS, oxidative phosphorylation
- PGC1-α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha
- SIRT1-7, sirtuins 1-7
- cardiomyopathy
- heart failure
- iPLA2γ, Ca2+-independent mitochondrial phospholipase
- mPTP, mitochondrial permeability transition pore
- metabolism
- mitochondria
- mitochondrial ecosystem
- mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Schwartz
- Evans Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Petro Gjini
- Evans Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Deepa M Gopal
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica L Fetterman
- Evans Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Ma X, Dong Z, Liu J, Ma L, Sun X, Gao R, Pan L, Zhang J, A D, An J, Hu K, Sun A, Ge J. β-Hydroxybutyrate Exacerbates Hypoxic Injury by Inhibiting HIF-1α-Dependent Glycolysis in Cardiomyocytes-Adding Fuel to the Fire? Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2022; 36:383-397. [PMID: 34652582 PMCID: PMC9090701 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-021-07267-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ketone body oxidation yields more ATP per mole of consumed oxygen than glucose. However, whether an increased ketone body supply in hypoxic cardiomyocytes and ischemic hearts is protective or not remains elusive. The goal of this study is to determine the effect of β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB), the main constituent of ketone bodies, on cardiomyocytes under hypoxic conditions and the effects of ketogenic diet (KD) on cardiac function in a myocardial infarction (MI) mouse model. METHODS Human peripheral blood collected from patients with acute myocardial infarction and healthy volunteers was used to detect the level of β-OHB. N-terminal proB-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels and left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEFs) were measured to study the relationship between plasma β-OHB and cardiac function. Adult mouse cardiomyocytes and MI mouse models fed a KD were used to research the effect of β-OHB on cardiac damage. qPCR, western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence were used to detect the interaction between β-OHB and glycolysis. Live/dead cell staining and imaging, lactate dehydrogenase, Cell Counting Kit-8 assays, echocardiography, and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining were performed to evaluate the cardiomyocyte death, cardiac function, and infarct sizes. RESULTS β-OHB level was significantly higher in acute MI patients and MI mice. Treatment with β-OHB exacerbated cardiomyocyte death and decreased glucose absorption and glycolysis under hypoxic conditions. These effects were partially ameliorated by inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) degradation via roxadustat administration in hypoxia-stimulated cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, β-OHB metabolisms were obscured in cardiomyocytes under hypoxic conditions. Additionally, MI mice fed a KD exhibited exacerbated cardiac dysfunction compared with control chow diet (CD)-fed MI mice. CONCLUSION Elevated β-OHB levels may be maladaptive to the heart under hypoxic/ischemic conditions. Administration of roxadustat can partially reverse these harmful effects by stabilizing HIF-1α and inducing a metabolic shift toward glycolysis for energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiurui Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shan Xi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Zhen Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases and Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shan Xi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Leilei Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaolei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases and Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Rifeng Gao
- Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lihong Pan
- Academy of Medical Sciences Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinyan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Dilan A
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jian An
- Department of Cardiology, Shan Xi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases and Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China.
- Academy of Medical Sciences Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases and Key Laboratory of Viral Heart Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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13
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Hou W, Liu G, Ren X, Liu X, He L, Huang H. Quantitative Proteomics Analysis Expands the Roles of Lysine β-Hydroxybutyrylation Pathway in Response to Environmental β-Hydroxybutyrate. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4592170. [PMID: 35251473 PMCID: PMC8894020 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4592170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Lysine β-hydroxybutyrylation (Kbhb) is a newly identified protein posttranslational modification (PTM) derived from β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), a product of ketone body metabolism in liver. BHB could serve as an energy source and play a role in the suppression of oxidative stress. The plasma concentration of BHB could increase up to 20 mM during starvation and in pathological conditions. Despite the progress, how the cells derived from extrahepatic tissues respond to elevated environmental BHB remains largely unknown. Given that BHB can significantly drive Kbhb, we characterized the BHB-induced lysine β-hydroxybutyrylome and acetylome by quantitative proteomics. A total of 840 unique Kbhb sites on 429 proteins were identified, with 42 sites on 39 proteins increased by more than 50% in response to BHB. The results showed that the upregulated Kbhb induced by BHB was involved in aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism, citrate cycle, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and pyruvate metabolism pathways. Moreover, some BHB-induced Kbhb substrates were significantly involved in diseases such as cancer. Taken together, we investigate the dynamics of lysine β-hydroxybutyrylome and acetylome induced by environmental BHB, which reveals the roles of Kbhb in regulating various biological processes and expands the biological functions of BHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guobin Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuelian Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xianming Liu
- Bruker (Beijing) Scientific Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Lei He
- Bruker (Beijing) Scientific Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - He Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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14
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Brooks GA, Osmond AD, Leija RG, Curl CC, Arevalo JA, Duong JJ, Horning MA. The blood lactate/pyruvate equilibrium affair. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 322:E34-E43. [PMID: 34719944 PMCID: PMC8722269 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00270.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The Lactate Shuttle hypothesis is supported by a variety of techniques including mass spectrometry analytics following infusion of carbon-labeled isotopic tracers. However, there has been controversy over whether lactate tracers measure lactate (L) or pyruvate (P) turnover. Here, we review the analytical errors, use of inappropriate tissue and animal models, failure to consider L and P pool sizes in modeling results, inappropriate tracer and blood sampling sites, and failure to anticipate roles of heart and lung parenchyma on L⇔P interactions. With support from magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and immunocytochemistry, we conclude that carbon-labeled lactate tracers can be used to quantitate lactate fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Brooks
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Adam D Osmond
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Robert G Leija
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Casey C Curl
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Jose A Arevalo
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Justin J Duong
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Michael A Horning
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California
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15
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Pathophysiology of heart failure and an overview of therapies. Cardiovasc Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822224-9.00025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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16
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the general population. Energy metabolism disturbance is one of the early abnormalities in CVDs, such as coronary heart disease, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and heart failure. To explore the role of myocardial energy homeostasis disturbance in CVDs, it is important to understand myocardial metabolism in the normal heart and their function in the complex pathophysiology of CVDs. In this article, we summarized lipid metabolism/lipotoxicity and glucose metabolism/insulin resistance in the heart, focused on the metabolic regulation during neonatal and ageing heart, proposed potential metabolic mechanisms for cardiac regeneration and degeneration. We provided an overview of emerging molecular network among cardiac proliferation, regeneration, and metabolic disturbance. These novel targets promise a new era for the treatment of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Yun WANG
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen CHEN
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiologic Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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17
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Jankauskas SS, Kansakar U, Varzideh F, Wilson S, Mone P, Lombardi A, Gambardella J, Santulli G. Heart failure in diabetes. Metabolism 2021; 125:154910. [PMID: 34627874 PMCID: PMC8941799 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure and cardiovascular disorders represent the leading cause of death in diabetic patients. Here we present a systematic review of the main mechanisms underlying the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. We also provide an excursus on the relative contribution of cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial and smooth muscle cells to the pathophysiology of heart failure in diabetes. After having described the preclinical tools currently available to dissect the mechanisms of this complex disease, we conclude with a section on the most recent updates of the literature on clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislovas S Jankauskas
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Urna Kansakar
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Fahimeh Varzideh
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Scott Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Pasquale Mone
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jessica Gambardella
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME), Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, "Federico II" University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME), Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, "Federico II" University, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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18
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Berndt N, Eckstein J, Wallach I, Nordmeyer S, Kelm M, Kirchner M, Goubergrits L, Schafstedde M, Hennemuth A, Kraus M, Grune T, Mertins P, Kuehne T, Holzhütter HG. CARDIOKIN1: Computational Assessment of Myocardial Metabolic Capability in Healthy Controls and Patients With Valve Diseases. Circulation 2021; 144:1926-1939. [PMID: 34762513 PMCID: PMC8663543 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.055646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Many heart diseases can result in reduced pumping capacity of the heart muscle. A mismatch between ATP demand and ATP production of cardiomyocytes is one of the possible causes. Assessment of the relation between myocardial ATP production (MVATP) and cardiac workload is important for better understanding disease development and choice of nutritional or pharmacologic treatment strategies. Because there is no method for measuring MVATP in vivo, the use of physiology-based metabolic models in conjunction with protein abundance data is an attractive approach. METHOD: We developed a comprehensive kinetic model of cardiac energy metabolism (CARDIOKIN1) that recapitulates numerous experimental findings on cardiac metabolism obtained with isolated cardiomyocytes, perfused animal hearts, and in vivo studies with humans. We used the model to assess the energy status of the left ventricle of healthy participants and patients with aortic stenosis and mitral valve insufficiency. Maximal enzyme activities were individually scaled by means of protein abundances in left ventricle tissue samples. The energy status of the left ventricle was quantified by the ATP consumption at rest (MVATP[rest]), at maximal workload (MVATP[max]), and by the myocardial ATP production reserve, representing the span between MVATP(rest) and MVATP(max). Results: Compared with controls, in both groups of patients, MVATP(rest) was increased and MVATP(max) was decreased, resulting in a decreased myocardial ATP production reserve, although all patients had preserved ejection fraction. The variance of the energetic status was high, ranging from decreased to normal values. In both patient groups, the energetic status was tightly associated with mechanic energy demand. A decrease of MVATP(max) was associated with a decrease of the cardiac output, indicating that cardiac functionality and energetic performance of the ventricle are closely coupled. Conclusions: Our analysis suggests that the ATP-producing capacity of the left ventricle of patients with valvular dysfunction is generally diminished and correlates positively with mechanical energy demand and cardiac output. However, large differences exist in the energetic state of the myocardium even in patients with similar clinical or image-based markers of hypertrophy and pump function. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifiers: NCT03172338 and NCT04068740.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Berndt
- Institute of Computer-assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Eckstein
- Institute of Computer-assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry, Charitá - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Iwona Wallach
- Institute of Computer-assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry, Charitá - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Nordmeyer
- Institute of Computer-assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Department of Congenital Heart Disease - Pediatric Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin (DHZB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Kelm
- Institute of Computer-assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Department of Congenital Heart Disease - Pediatric Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin (DHZB), Berlin, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e. V. (DZHK), Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marieluise Kirchner
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany; Proteomics Platform, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonid Goubergrits
- Institute of Computer-assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Einstein Center Digital Future, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Schafstedde
- Institute of Computer-assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Charité; Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Department of Congenital Heart Disease - Pediatric Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin (DHZB), Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Hennemuth
- Institute of Computer-assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Milena Kraus
- Digital Health Center, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e. V. (DZHK), Berlin, Germany; Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Philipp Mertins
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany; Proteomics Platform, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Titus Kuehne
- Institute of Computer-assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Charité; Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Department of Congenital Heart Disease - Pediatric Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin (DHZB), Berlin, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e. V. (DZHK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Hermann-Georg Holzhütter
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charitá - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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19
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Uddin GM, Karwi QG, Pherwani S, Gopal K, Wagg CS, Biswas D, Atnasious M, Wu Y, Wu G, Zhang L, Ho KL, Pulinilkunnil T, Ussher JR, Lopaschuk GD. Deletion of BCATm increases insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation in the heart. Metabolism 2021; 124:154871. [PMID: 34478752 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Branched chain amino acid (BCAA) oxidation is impaired in cardiac insulin resistance, leading to the accumulation of BCAAs and the first products of BCAA oxidation, the branched chain ketoacids. However, it is not clear whether it is the BCAAs, BCKAs or both that are mediating cardiac insulin resistance. To determine this, we produced mice with a cardiac-specific deletion of BCAA aminotransferase (BCATm-/-), the first enzyme in the BCAA oxidation pathway that is responsible for converting BCAAs to BCKAs. METHODS Eight-week-old BCATm cardiac specific knockout (BCATm-/-) male mice and their α-MHC (myosin heavy chain) - Cre expressing wild type littermates (WT-Cre+/+) received tamoxifen (50 mg/kg i.p. 6 times over 8 days). At 16-weeks of age, cardiac energy metabolism was assessed in isolated working hearts. RESULTS BCATm-/- mice have decreased cardiac BCAA oxidation rates, increased cardiac BCAAs and a reduction in cardiac BCKAs. Hearts from BCATm-/- mice showed an increase in insulin stimulation of glucose oxidation and an increase in p-AKT. To determine the impact of reversing these events, we perfused isolated working mice hearts with high levels of BCKAs, which completely abolished insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation rates, an effect associated with decreased p-AKT and inactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), the rate-limiting enzyme in glucose oxidation. CONCLUSION This implicates the BCKAs, and not BCAAs, as the actual mediators of cardiac insulin resistance and suggests that lowering cardiac BCKAs can be used as a therapeutic strategy to improve insulin sensitivity in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golam M Uddin
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Qutuba G Karwi
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Diyala, Diyala, Iraq
| | - Simran Pherwani
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Keshav Gopal
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Cory S Wagg
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Dipsikha Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Canada
| | - Mariam Atnasious
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Yikuan Wu
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Guoqing Wu
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Liyan Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Kim L Ho
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - John R Ussher
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Gary D Lopaschuk
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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20
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Lim RMH, Koh AS. Cardiovascular Aging and Physical Activity: Insights From Metabolomics. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:728228. [PMID: 34616784 PMCID: PMC8488139 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.728228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to explore how metabolomics can help uncover mechanisms through which physical activity may influence the progression of cardiovascular aging. Cardiovascular aging is a process of functional and structural changes in older adults which can progress to cardiovascular disease. Metabolomics profiling is an investigative tool that can track the diverse changes which occur in human biochemistry with physical activity and aging. This mini review will summarize published investigations in metabolomics and physical activity, with a specific focus on the metabolic pathways that connect physical activity with cardiovascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela S Koh
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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21
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The Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Atrial Fibrillation: Translation to Druggable Target and Biomarker Discovery. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168463. [PMID: 34445167 PMCID: PMC8395135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent and progressive cardiac arrhythmia worldwide and is associated with serious complications such as heart failure and ischemic stroke. Current treatment modalities attenuate AF symptoms and are only moderately effective in halting the arrhythmia. Therefore, there is an urgent need to dissect molecular mechanisms that drive AF. As AF is characterized by a rapid atrial activation rate, which requires a high energy metabolism, a role of mitochondrial dysfunction in AF pathophysiology is plausible. It is well known that mitochondria play a central role in cardiomyocyte function, as they produce energy to support the mechanical and electrical function of the heart. Details on the molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction are increasingly being uncovered as a contributing factor in the loss of cardiomyocyte function and AF. Considering the high prevalence of AF, investigating the role of mitochondrial impairment in AF may guide the path towards new therapeutic and diagnostic targets. In this review, the latest evidence on the role of mitochondria dysfunction in AF is presented. We highlight the key modulators of mitochondrial dysfunction that drive AF and discuss whether they represent potential targets for therapeutic interventions and diagnostics in clinical AF.
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22
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Perez DM. Targeting Adrenergic Receptors in Metabolic Therapies for Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5783. [PMID: 34071350 PMCID: PMC8198887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart has a reduced capacity to generate sufficient energy when failing, resulting in an energy-starved condition with diminished functions. Studies have identified numerous changes in metabolic pathways in the failing heart that result in reduced oxidation of both glucose and fatty acid substrates, defects in mitochondrial functions and oxidative phosphorylation, and inefficient substrate utilization for the ATP that is produced. Recent early-phase clinical studies indicate that inhibitors of fatty acid oxidation and antioxidants that target the mitochondria may improve heart function during failure by increasing compensatory glucose oxidation. Adrenergic receptors (α1 and β) are a key sympathetic nervous system regulator that controls cardiac function. β-AR blockers are an established treatment for heart failure and α1A-AR agonists have potential therapeutic benefit. Besides regulating inotropy and chronotropy, α1- and β-adrenergic receptors also regulate metabolic functions in the heart that underlie many cardiac benefits. This review will highlight recent studies that describe how adrenergic receptor-mediated metabolic pathways may be able to restore cardiac energetics to non-failing levels that may offer promising therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne M Perez
- The Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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23
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Abstract
After almost a century of misunderstanding, it is time to appreciate that lactate shuttling is an important feature of energy flux and metabolic regulation that involves a complex series of metabolic, neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, and cardiac events in vivo. Cell–cell and intracellular lactate shuttles in the heart and between the heart and other tissues fulfill essential purposes of energy substrate production and distribution as well as cell signaling under fully aerobic conditions. Recognition of lactate shuttling came first in studies of physical exercise where the roles of driver (producer) and recipient (consumer) cells and tissues were obvious. One powerful example of cell–cell lactate shuttling was the exchange of carbohydrate energy in the form of lactate between working limb skeletal muscle and the heart. The exchange of mass represented a conservation of mass that required the integration of neuroendocrine, autoregulatory, and cardiovascular systems. Now, with greater scrutiny and recognition of the effect of the cardiac cycle on myocardial blood flow, there brings an appreciation that metabolic fluxes must accommodate to pressure-flow realities within an organ in which they occur. Therefore, the presence of an intra-cardiac lactate shuttle is posited to explain how cardiac mechanics and metabolism are synchronized. Specifically, interruption of blood flow during the isotonic phase of systole is supported by glycolysis and subsequent return of blood flow during diastole allows for recovery sustained by oxidative metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Brooks
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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24
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Ho KL, Karwi QG, Wagg C, Zhang L, Vo K, Altamimi T, Uddin GM, Ussher JR, Lopaschuk GD. Ketones can become the major fuel source for the heart but do not increase cardiac efficiency. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:1178-1187. [PMID: 32402081 PMCID: PMC7982999 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Ketones have been proposed to be a 'thrifty' fuel for the heart and increasing cardiac ketone oxidation can be cardioprotective. However, it is unclear how much ketone oxidation can contribute to energy production in the heart, nor whether increasing ketone oxidation increases cardiac efficiency. Therefore, our goal was to determine to what extent high levels of the ketone body, β-hydroxybutyrate (βOHB), contributes to cardiac energy production, and whether this influences cardiac efficiency. METHODS AND RESULTS Isolated working mice hearts were aerobically perfused with palmitate (0.8 mM or 1.2 mM), glucose (5 mM) and increasing concentrations of βOHB (0, 0.6, 2.0 mM). Subsequently, oxidation of these substrates, cardiac function, and cardiac efficiency were assessed. Increasing βOHB concentrations increased myocardial ketone oxidation rates without affecting glucose or fatty acid oxidation rates where normal physiological levels of glucose (5 mM) and fatty acid (0.8 mM) are present. Notably, ketones became the major fuel source for the heart at 2.0 mM βOHB (at both low or high fatty acid concentrations), with the elevated ketone oxidation rates markedly increasing tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity, producing a large amount of reducing equivalents and finally, increasing myocardial oxygen consumption. However, the marked increase in ketone oxidation at high concentrations of βOHB was not accompanied by an increase in cardiac work, suggesting that a mismatch between excess reduced equivalents production from ketone oxidation and cardiac adenosine triphosphate production. Consequently, cardiac efficiency decreased when the heart was exposed to higher ketone levels. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that while ketones can become the major fuel source for the heart, they do not increase cardiac efficiency, which also underscores the importance of recognizing ketones as a major fuel source for the heart in times of starvation, consumption of a ketogenic diet or poorly controlled diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim L Ho
- Cardiovascular Research Centre Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Qutuba G Karwi
- Cardiovascular Research Centre Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Diyala, Diyala, Iraq
| | - Cory Wagg
- Cardiovascular Research Centre Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Liyan Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Centre Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Katherina Vo
- Cardiovascular Research Centre Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Tariq Altamimi
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KT, USA
| | - Golam M Uddin
- Cardiovascular Research Centre Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - John R Ussher
- Cardiovascular Research Centre Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Gary D Lopaschuk
- Cardiovascular Research Centre Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
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25
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Menendez-Montes I, Escobar B, Gomez MJ, Albendea-Gomez T, Palacios B, Bonzon-Kulichenko E, Izquierdo-Garcia JL, Alonso AV, Ferrarini A, Jimenez-Borreguero LJ, Ruiz-Cabello J, Vázquez J, Martin-Puig S. Activation of amino acid metabolic program in cardiac HIF1-alpha-deficient mice. iScience 2021; 24:102124. [PMID: 33665549 PMCID: PMC7900219 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
HIF1-alpha expression defines metabolic compartments in the developing heart, promoting glycolytic program in the compact myocardium and mitochondrial enrichment in the trabeculae. Nonetheless, its role in cardiogenesis is debated. To assess the importance of HIF1-alpha during heart development and the influence of glycolysis in ventricular chamber formation, herein we generated conditional knockout models of Hif1a in Nkx2.5 cardiac progenitors and cardiomyocytes. Deletion of Hif1a impairs embryonic glycolysis without influencing cardiomyocyte proliferation and results in increased mitochondrial number and transient activation of amino acid catabolism together with HIF2α and ATF4 upregulation by E12.5. Hif1a mutants display normal fatty acid oxidation program and do not show cardiac dysfunction in the adulthood. Our results demonstrate that cardiac HIF1 signaling and glycolysis are dispensable for mouse heart development and reveal the metabolic flexibility of the embryonic myocardium to consume amino acids, raising the potential use of alternative metabolic substrates as therapeutic interventions during ischemic events. Loss of cardiac Hif1a does not preclude heart development or cardiac function Embryonic Hif1a-deficient hearts transiently upregulate amino acid catabolism Amino acid catabolism activation sustains heart growth in the absence of glycolysis HIF2α and ATF4 are transiently upregulated in the developing heart upon Hif1a loss
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Menendez-Montes
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area. National Center for Cardiovascular Research, Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Beatriz Escobar
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area. National Center for Cardiovascular Research, Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel J Gomez
- Bioinformatics Unit. National Center for Cardiovascular Research. Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Albendea-Gomez
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area. National Center for Cardiovascular Research, Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Palacios
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area. National Center for Cardiovascular Research, Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jose Luis Izquierdo-Garcia
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia San Sebastián, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmaceuticas. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Vanessa Alonso
- Advanced Imaging Unit. National Center for Cardiovascular Research. Madrid, Spain
| | - Alessia Ferrarini
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area. National Center for Cardiovascular Research. Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Jesus Jimenez-Borreguero
- Advanced Imaging Unit. National Center for Cardiovascular Research. Madrid, Spain.,Cardiology Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Ruiz-Cabello
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia San Sebastián, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmaceuticas. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jesus Vázquez
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area. National Center for Cardiovascular Research. Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Martin-Puig
- Myocardial Pathophysiology Area. National Center for Cardiovascular Research, Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
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26
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Monzo L, Sedlacek K, Hromanikova K, Tomanova L, Borlaug BA, Jabor A, Kautzner J, Melenovsky V. Myocardial ketone body utilization in patients with heart failure: The impact of oral ketone ester. Metabolism 2021; 115:154452. [PMID: 33248064 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Upregulation of ketone body (β-hydroxybutyrate, βHB) utilization has been documented in human end-stage heart failure (HF), but is unclear if this is due to intrinsic cardiac metabolic remodeling or a HF-related catabolic state. This study sought to evaluate the maximal ketone body utilization capacity and its determinants in controls and in patients with moderate HF and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). METHODS AND RESULTS 19 HFrEF patients and 9 controls underwent sampling from the arterial circulation (A) and coronary sinus (CS) to measure transmyocardial extraction of energy-providing substrates and oxygen. In a separate experiment, measurements were performed 80-min after oral administration of 25 g of ketone ester (KE, (R)-3-hydroxybutyl(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate) drink in 11 HFrEF and 6 control subjects. There were no statistically significant differences in fasting substrate levels and fractional extractions between HF and controls. Administration of KE increased βHB by 12.9-fold, revealing an increased ability to utilize ketones in HFrEF as compared to controls (fractional extraction, FE%: 52 vs 39%, p = 0.035). βHB FE% correlated directly with βHB myocardial delivery (r = 0.90), LV mass (r = 0.56), LV diameter (r = 0.65) and inversely with LV EF (-0.59) (all p < 0.05). βHB FE% positively correlated with lactate FE% (p < 0.01), but not with FFA or glucose FE%, arguing against substrate competition. CONCLUSIONS Acute nutritional ketosis enhances βHB extraction in patients with HFrEF compared to controls, and this enhancement correlates with degree of cardiac dysfunction and remodeling. Data suggest that subclinical metabolic remodeling occurs early in HF progression. Further studies are needed to determine whether exogenous ketones may have a potential therapeutic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Monzo
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Kamil Sedlacek
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Lucie Tomanova
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barry A Borlaug
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Antonin Jabor
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Kautzner
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Melenovsky
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), Prague, Czech Republic.
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27
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Miranda-Silva D, Lima T, Rodrigues P, Leite-Moreira A, Falcão-Pires I. Mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the tip of the iceberg. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 26:453-478. [PMID: 33411091 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-020-10042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a multifaceted syndrome with a complex aetiology often associated with several comorbidities, such as left ventricle pressure overload, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and kidney disease. Its pathophysiology remains obscure mainly due to the complex phenotype induced by all these associated comorbidities and to the scarcity of animal models that adequately mimic HFpEF. Increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction are currently accepted as key players in HFpEF pathophysiology. However, we have just started to unveil HFpEF complexity and the role of calcium handling, energetic metabolism, and mitochondrial function remain to clarify. Indeed, the enlightenment of such cellular and molecular mechanisms represents an opportunity to develop novel therapeutic approaches and thus to improve HFpEF treatment options. In the last decades, the number of research groups dedicated to studying HFpEF has increased, denoting the importance and the magnitude achieved by this syndrome. In the current technological and web world, the amount of information is overwhelming, driving us not only to compile the most relevant information about the theme but also to explore beyond the tip of the iceberg. Thus, this review aims to encompass the most recent knowledge related to HFpEF or HFpEF-associated comorbidities, focusing mainly on myocardial metabolism, oxidative stress, and energetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Miranda-Silva
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Tânia Lima
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Rodrigues
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Falcão-Pires
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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28
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Wang L, Cai Y, Jian L, Cheung CW, Zhang L, Xia Z. Impact of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α on diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:2. [PMID: 33397369 PMCID: PMC7783984 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-020-01188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiomyopathy is higher in diabetic patients than those without diabetes. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is defined as a clinical condition of abnormal myocardial structure and performance in diabetic patients without other cardiac risk factors, such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, and significant valvular disease. Multiple molecular events contribute to the development of DCM, which include the alterations in energy metabolism (fatty acid, glucose, ketone and branched chain amino acids) and the abnormalities of subcellular components in the heart, such as impaired insulin signaling, increased oxidative stress, calcium mishandling and inflammation. There are no specific drugs in treating DCM despite of decades of basic and clinical investigations. This is, in part, due to the lack of our understanding as to how heart failure initiates and develops, especially in diabetic patients without an underlying ischemic cause. Some of the traditional anti-diabetic or lipid-lowering agents aimed at shifting the balance of cardiac metabolism from utilizing fat to glucose have been shown inadequately targeting multiple aspects of the conditions. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), a transcription factor, plays an important role in mediating DCM-related molecular events. Pharmacological targeting of PPARα activation has been demonstrated to be one of the important strategies for patients with diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this review is to provide a contemporary view of PPARα in association with the underlying pathophysiological changes in DCM. We discuss the PPARα-related drugs in clinical applications and facts related to the drugs that may be considered as risky (such as fenofibrate, bezafibrate, clofibrate) or safe (pemafibrate, metformin and glucagon-like peptide 1-receptor agonists) or having the potential (sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor) in treating DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Yin Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Liguo Jian
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chi Wai Cheung
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Liangqing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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29
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Mak D, Ryan KA, Han JC. Review of Insulin Resistance in Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Implications for the Pediatric Patient Short Title: Insulin Resistance DCM and Pediatrics. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:756593. [PMID: 34778146 PMCID: PMC8581153 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.756593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy metabolism in the heart is affected during states of dysfunction. Understanding how the heart utilizes substrates in cardiomyopathy may be key to the development of alternative treatment modalities. Myocardial insulin resistance has been proposed as a possible barrier to effective glucose metabolism in the heart. Extensive literature on the topic in adult individuals exists; however, review in the pediatric population is sparse. The pathophysiology of disease in children and adolescents is unique. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge on insulin resistance in dilated cardiomyopathy while also filling the gap when considering care in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mak
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Kaitlin A Ryan
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Joan C Han
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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30
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McCommis KS, Kovacs A, Weinheimer CJ, Shew TM, Koves TR, Ilkayeva OR, Kamm DR, Pyles KD, King MT, Veech RL, DeBosch BJ, Muoio DM, Gross RW, Finck BN. Nutritional modulation of heart failure in mitochondrial pyruvate carrier-deficient mice. Nat Metab 2020; 2:1232-1247. [PMID: 33106690 PMCID: PMC7957960 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-00296-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The myocardium is metabolically flexible; however, impaired flexibility is associated with cardiac dysfunction in conditions including diabetes and heart failure. The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) complex, composed of MPC1 and MPC2, is required for pyruvate import into the mitochondria. Here we show that MPC1 and MPC2 expression is downregulated in failing human and mouse hearts. Mice with cardiac-specific deletion of Mpc2 (CS-MPC2-/-) exhibited normal cardiac size and function at 6 weeks old, but progressively developed cardiac dilation and contractile dysfunction, which was completely reversed by a high-fat, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet. Diets with higher fat content, but enough carbohydrate to limit ketosis, also improved heart failure, while direct ketone body provisioning provided only minor improvements in cardiac remodelling in CS-MPC2-/- mice. An acute fast also improved cardiac remodelling. Together, our results reveal a critical role for mitochondrial pyruvate use in cardiac function, and highlight the potential of dietary interventions to enhance cardiac fat metabolism to prevent or reverse cardiac dysfunction and remodelling in the setting of MPC deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle S McCommis
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Attila Kovacs
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carla J Weinheimer
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Trevor M Shew
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Timothy R Koves
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Olga R Ilkayeva
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dakota R Kamm
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kelly D Pyles
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - M Todd King
- Laboratory of Metabolic Control, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard L Veech
- Laboratory of Metabolic Control, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian J DeBosch
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deborah M Muoio
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Richard W Gross
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian N Finck
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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31
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Hui S, Cowan AJ, Zeng X, Yang L, TeSlaa T, Li X, Bartman C, Zhang Z, Jang C, Wang L, Lu W, Rojas J, Baur J, Rabinowitz JD. Quantitative Fluxomics of Circulating Metabolites. Cell Metab 2020; 32:676-688.e4. [PMID: 32791100 PMCID: PMC7544659 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian organs are nourished by nutrients carried by the blood circulation. These nutrients originate from diet and internal stores, and can undergo various interconversions before their eventual use as tissue fuel. Here we develop isotope tracing, mass spectrometry, and mathematical analysis methods to determine the direct sources of circulating nutrients, their interconversion rates, and eventual tissue-specific contributions to TCA cycle metabolism. Experiments with fifteen nutrient tracers enabled extensive accounting for both circulatory metabolic cycles and tissue TCA inputs, across fed and fasted mice on either high-carbohydrate or ketogenic diet. We find that a majority of circulating carbon flux is carried by two major cycles: glucose-lactate and triglyceride-glycerol-fatty acid. Futile cycling through these pathways is prominent when dietary content of the associated nutrients is low, rendering internal metabolic activity robust to food choice. The presented in vivo flux quantification methods are broadly applicable to different physiological and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Hui
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Alexis J Cowan
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Xianfeng Zeng
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Lifeng Yang
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Tara TeSlaa
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Xiaoxuan Li
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Caroline Bartman
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Zhaoyue Zhang
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Wenyun Lu
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jennifer Rojas
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joseph Baur
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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32
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Xu X, Luo Z, He Y, Shan J, Guo J, Li J. Application of untargeted lipidomics based on UHPLC-high resolution tandem MS analysis to profile the lipid metabolic disturbances in the heart of diabetic cardiomyopathy mice. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 190:113525. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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33
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Dittrich A, Hansen K, Simonsen MIT, Busk M, Alstrup AKO, Lauridsen H. Intrinsic Heart Regeneration in Adult Vertebrates May be Strictly Limited to Low-Metabolic Ectotherms. Bioessays 2020; 42:e2000054. [PMID: 32914411 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The heart has a high-metabolic rate, and its "around-the-clock" vital role to sustain life sets it apart in a regenerative setting from other organs and appendages. The landscape of vertebrate species known to perform intrinsic heart regeneration is strongly biased toward ectotherms-for example, fish, salamanders, and embryonic/neonatal ectothermic mammals. It is hypothesized that intrinsic heart regeneration is exclusively limited to the low-metabolic hearts of ectotherms. The biomedical field of regenerative medicine seeks to devise biologically inspired regenerative therapies to diseased human hearts. Falsification of the ectothermy dependency for heart regeneration hypothesis may be a crucial prerequisite to meaningfully seek inspiration in established ectothermic regenerative animal models. Otherwise, engineering approaches to construct artificial heart components may constitute a more viable path toward regenerative therapies. A more strict definition of regenerative phenomena is generated and several testable sub-hypotheses and experimental avenues are put forward to elucidate the link between heart regeneration and metabolism. Also see the video abstract here https://youtu.be/fZcanaOT5z8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Dittrich
- Department of Clinical Medicine (Comparative Medicine Lab), Aarhus University, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark
| | - Kasper Hansen
- Department of Clinical Medicine (Comparative Medicine Lab), Aarhus University, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark.,Department of Biology (Zoophysiology), Aarhus University, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark.,Leicester Royal Infirmary (East Midlands Forensic Pathology Unit), University of Leicester, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK
| | | | - Morten Busk
- Department of Oncology (Experimental Clinical Oncology), Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark.,Danish Centre for Particle Therapy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark
| | | | - Henrik Lauridsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine (Comparative Medicine Lab), Aarhus University, Aarhus N, 8200, Denmark
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34
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Lopaschuk GD, Karwi QG, Ho KL, Pherwani S, Ketema EB. Ketone metabolism in the failing heart. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158813. [PMID: 32920139 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The high energy demands of the heart are met primarily by the mitochondrial oxidation of fatty acids and glucose. However, in heart failure there is a decrease in cardiac mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and glucose oxidation that can lead to an energy starved heart. Ketone bodies are readily oxidized by the heart, and can provide an additional source of energy for the failing heart. Ketone oxidation is increased in the failing heart, which may be an adaptive response to lessen the severity of heart failure. While ketone have been widely touted as a "thrifty fuel", increasing ketone oxidation in the heart does not increase cardiac efficiency (cardiac work/oxygen consumed), but rather does provide an additional fuel source for the failing heart. Increasing ketone supply to the heart and increasing mitochondrial ketone oxidation increases mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle activity. In support of this, increasing circulating ketone by iv infusion of ketone bodies acutely improves heart function in heart failure patients. Chronically, treatment with sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors, which decreases the severity of heart failure, also increases ketone body supply to the heart. While ketogenic diets increase circulating ketone levels, minimal benefit on cardiac function in heart failure has been observed, possibly due to the fact that these dietary regimens also markedly increase circulating fatty acids. Recent studies, however, have suggested that administration of ketone ester cocktails may improve cardiac function in heart failure. Combined, emerging data suggests that increasing cardiac ketone oxidation may be a therapeutic strategy to treat heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary D Lopaschuk
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Qutuba G Karwi
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Diyala, Diyala, Iraq
| | - Kim L Ho
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Simran Pherwani
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ezra B Ketema
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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35
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Tomczyk MM, Dolinsky VW. The Cardiac Lipidome in Models of Cardiovascular Disease. Metabolites 2020; 10:E254. [PMID: 32560541 PMCID: PMC7344916 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10060254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. There are numerous factors involved in the development of CVD. Among these, lipids have an important role in maintaining the myocardial cell structure as well as cardiac function. Fatty acids (FA) are utilized for energy, but also contribute to the pathogenesis of CVD and heart failure. Advances in mass spectrometry methods have enabled the comprehensive analysis of a plethora of lipid species from a single sample comprised of a heterogeneous population of lipid molecules. Determining cardiac lipid alterations in different models of CVD identifies novel biomarkers as well as reveals molecular mechanisms that underlie disease development and progression. This information could inform the development of novel therapeutics in the treatment of CVD. Herein, we provide a review of recent studies of cardiac lipid profiles in myocardial infarction, obesity, and diabetic and dilated cardiomyopathy models of CVD by methods of mass spectrometry analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz M. Tomczyk
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme of the Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada;
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T6, Canada
- Rady Faculty of Health Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Vernon W. Dolinsky
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba (DREAM) Theme of the Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada;
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T6, Canada
- Rady Faculty of Health Science, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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36
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Ho KL, Zhang L, Wagg C, Al Batran R, Gopal K, Levasseur J, Leone T, Dyck JRB, Ussher JR, Muoio DM, Kelly DP, Lopaschuk GD. Increased ketone body oxidation provides additional energy for the failing heart without improving cardiac efficiency. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 115:1606-1616. [PMID: 30778524 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The failing heart is energy-starved and inefficient due to perturbations in energy metabolism. Although ketone oxidation has been shown recently to increase in the failing heart, it remains unknown whether this improves cardiac energy production or efficiency. We therefore assessed cardiac metabolism in failing hearts and determined whether increasing ketone oxidation improves cardiac energy production and efficiency. METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6J mice underwent sham or transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery to induce pressure overload hypertrophy over 4-weeks. Isolated working hearts from these mice were perfused with radiolabelled β-hydroxybutyrate (βOHB), glucose, or palmitate to assess cardiac metabolism. Ejection fraction decreased by 45% in TAC mice. Failing hearts had decreased glucose oxidation while palmitate oxidation remained unchanged, resulting in a 35% decrease in energy production. Increasing βOHB levels from 0.2 to 0.6 mM increased ketone oxidation rates from 251 ± 24 to 834 ± 116 nmol·g dry wt-1 · min-1 in TAC hearts, rates which were significantly increased compared to sham hearts and occurred without decreasing glycolysis, glucose, or palmitate oxidation rates. Therefore, the contribution of ketones to energy production in TAC hearts increased to 18% and total energy production increased by 23%. Interestingly, glucose oxidation, in parallel with total ATP production, was also significantly upregulated in hearts upon increasing βOHB levels. However, while overall energy production increased, cardiac efficiency was not improved. CONCLUSIONS Increasing ketone oxidation rates in failing hearts increases overall energy production without compromising glucose or fatty acid metabolism, albeit without increasing cardiac efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim L Ho
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, 423 Heritage Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Liyan Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, 423 Heritage Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Cory Wagg
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, 423 Heritage Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rami Al Batran
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, 423 Heritage Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Keshav Gopal
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, 423 Heritage Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jody Levasseur
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, 423 Heritage Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Teresa Leone
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason R B Dyck
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, 423 Heritage Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - John R Ussher
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, 423 Heritage Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Deborah M Muoio
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, 300 N Duke St, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel P Kelly
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gary D Lopaschuk
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, 423 Heritage Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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37
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Marcondes-Braga FG, Gioli-Pereira L, Bernardez-Pereira S, Batista GL, Mangini S, Issa VS, Fernandes F, Bocchi EA, Ayub-Ferreira SM, Mansur AJ, Gutz IGR, Krieger JE, Pereira AC, Bacal F. Exhaled breath acetone for predicting cardiac and overall mortality in chronic heart failure patients. ESC Heart Fail 2020; 7:1744-1752. [PMID: 32383349 PMCID: PMC7373929 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Exhaled breath acetone (EBA) has been described as a new biomarker of heart failure (HF) diagnosis. EBA concentration increases according to severity of HF and is associated with poor prognosis, especially in acute decompensated HF. However, there are no data on chronic HF patients. The aim is to evaluate the role of EBA for predicting cardiac and overall mortality in chronic HF patients. Methods and results In GENIUS‐HF cohort, chronic patients were enrolled between August 2012 and December 2014. All patients had left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 50%, and the diagnosis was established according to Framingham criteria. After consent, patients were submitted to clinical evaluation and exhaled breath collection. EBA identification and quantitative determination were done by spectrophotometry. The clinical characteristics associated with acetone were identified. All participants were followed for 18 months to assess cardiac and overall mortality. Around 700 participants were enrolled in the current analysis. Patients were 55.4 ± 12.2 years old, 67.6% male patients, and 81% New York Heart Association I/II with left ventricular ejection fraction of 32 ± 8.6%. EBA median concentration was 0.6 (0.3–1.2) ug/L. Acetone levels increased with the number of symptoms of HF and were associated with right HF signs/symptoms and liver biochemical changes. EBA at highest quartile (EBA > 1.2ug/L) was associated with a significantly worse prognosis (log rank test, P < 0.001). Cox proportional multivariable regression model revealed that EBA > 1.20ug/L was an independent predictor of cardiac (P = 0.011) and overall (P = 0.010) mortality in our population. Conclusions This study shows that EBA levels reflect clinical HF features, especially right HF signs/symptoms. EBA is an independent predictor of cardiac and overall mortality in chronic HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana G Marcondes-Braga
- Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Dr Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44-Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, 0540300, Brazil
| | - Luciana Gioli-Pereira
- Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Dr Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44-Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, 0540300, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Bernardez-Pereira
- Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Dr Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44-Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, 0540300, Brazil
| | | | - Sandrigo Mangini
- Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Dr Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44-Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, 0540300, Brazil
| | - Victor S Issa
- Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Dr Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44-Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, 0540300, Brazil
| | - Fabio Fernandes
- Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Dr Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44-Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, 0540300, Brazil
| | - Edimar A Bocchi
- Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Dr Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44-Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, 0540300, Brazil
| | - Silvia M Ayub-Ferreira
- Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Dr Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44-Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, 0540300, Brazil
| | - Alfredo J Mansur
- Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Dr Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44-Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, 0540300, Brazil
| | - Ivano G R Gutz
- Institute of Chemistry (IQ-USP), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose E Krieger
- Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Dr Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44-Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, 0540300, Brazil
| | - Alexandre C Pereira
- Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Dr Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44-Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, 0540300, Brazil
| | - Fernando Bacal
- Instituto do Coração (InCor), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Dr Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44-Cerqueira Cesar, São Paulo, 0540300, Brazil
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38
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The obesity paradox: does it exist in the perioperative period? Int Anesthesiol Clin 2020; 58:14-20. [PMID: 32250998 DOI: 10.1097/aia.0000000000000278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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39
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Nutraceutical support in heart failure: a position paper of the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP). Nutr Res Rev 2020; 33:155-179. [PMID: 32172721 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422420000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome that represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Western countries. Several nutraceuticals have shown interesting clinical results in HF prevention as well as in the treatment of the early stages of the disease, alone or in combination with pharmacological therapy. The aim of the present expert opinion position paper is to summarise the available clinical evidence on the role of phytochemicals in HF prevention and/or treatment that might be considered in those patients not treated optimally as well as in those with low therapy adherence. The level of evidence and the strength of recommendation of particular HF treatment options were weighed up and graded according to predefined scales. A systematic search strategy was developed to identify trials in PubMed (January 1970 to June 2019). The terms 'nutraceuticals', 'dietary supplements', 'herbal drug' and 'heart failure' or 'left verntricular dysfunction' were used in the literature search. The experts discussed and agreed on the recommendation levels. Available clinical trials reported that the intake of some nutraceuticals (hawthorn, coenzyme Q10, l-carnitine, d-ribose, carnosine, vitamin D, probiotics, n-3 PUFA and beet nitrates) might be associated with improvements in self-perceived quality of life and/or functional parameters such as left ventricular ejection fraction, stroke volume and cardiac output in HF patients, with minimal or no side effects. Those benefits tended to be greater in earlier HF stages. Available clinical evidence supports the usefulness of supplementation with some nutraceuticals to improve HF management in addition to evidence-based pharmacological therapy.
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40
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Cardiac ketone body metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165739. [PMID: 32084511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The ketone bodies, d-β-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate, are soluble 4-carbon compounds derived principally from fatty acids, that can be metabolised by many oxidative tissues, including heart, in carbohydrate-depleted conditions as glucose-sparing energy substrates. They also have important signalling functions, acting through G-protein coupled receptors and histone deacetylases to regulate metabolism and gene expression including that associated with anti-oxidant activity. Their concentration, and hence availability, increases in diabetes mellitus and heart failure. Whilst known to be substrates for ATP production, especially in starvation, their role(s) in the heart, and in heart disease, is uncertain. Recent evidence, reviewed here, indicates that increased ketone body metabolism is a feature of heart failure, and is accompanied by other changes in substrate selection. Whether the change in myocardial ketone body metabolism is adaptive or maladaptive is unknown, but it offers the possibility of using exogenous ketones to treat the failing heart.
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41
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Lundsgaard AM, Fritzen AM, Nicolaisen TS, Carl CS, Sjøberg KA, Raun SH, Klein AB, Sanchez-Quant E, Langer J, Ørskov C, Clemmensen C, Tschöp MH, Richter EA, Kiens B, Kleinert M. Glucometabolic consequences of acute and prolonged inhibition of fatty acid oxidation. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:10-19. [PMID: 31719103 PMCID: PMC6939602 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra119000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive circulating FAs have been proposed to promote insulin resistance (IR) of glucose metabolism by increasing the oxidation of FAs over glucose. Therefore, inhibition of FA oxidation (FAOX) has been suggested to ameliorate IR. However, prolonged inhibition of FAOX would presumably cause lipid accumulation and thereby promote lipotoxicity. To understand the glycemic consequences of acute and prolonged FAOX inhibition, we treated mice with the carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1) inhibitor, etomoxir (eto), in combination with short-term 45% high fat diet feeding to increase FA availability. Eto acutely increased glucose oxidation and peripheral glucose disposal, and lowered circulating glucose, but this was associated with increased circulating FAs and triacylglycerol accumulation in the liver and heart within hours. Several days of FAOX inhibition by daily eto administration induced hepatic steatosis and glucose intolerance, specific to CPT-1 inhibition by eto. Lower whole-body insulin sensitivity was accompanied by reduction in brown adipose tissue (BAT) uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) protein content, diminished BAT glucose clearance, and increased hepatic glucose production. Collectively, these data suggest that pharmacological inhibition of FAOX is not a viable strategy to treat IR, and that sufficient rates of FAOX are required for maintaining liver and BAT metabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Lundsgaard
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas M Fritzen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine S Nicolaisen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian S Carl
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim A Sjøberg
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen H Raun
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders B Klein
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Sanchez-Quant
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jakob Langer
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cathrine Ørskov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Erik A Richter
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Maximilian Kleinert
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Miyauchi H, Iimori T, Hoshi K, Ohyama M, Hirano KI, Kobayashi Y. Correlation Perspectives for the Diagnosis of Idiopathic Triglyceride Deposit Cardiomyovasculopathy. ANNALS OF NUCLEAR CARDIOLOGY 2020; 6:33-38. [PMID: 37123494 PMCID: PMC10133925 DOI: 10.17996/anc.20-00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Background: Triglyceride (TG) deposit cardiomyovasculopathy (TGCV) is a novel cardiovascular disorder and was recently encoded as an orphan disease in Europe (ORPHA code: 565612). Defective lipolysis results in TG accumulation in the myocardium and coronary arteries in TGCV. The myocardial washout rate (WR) of iodine-123-β-methyl iodophenyl-pentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) is an essential indicator to evaluate myocardial lipolysis in vivo. TGCV is classified into primary and idiopathic type with and without PNPLA2 mutation, respectively. Here, we present the clinical correlation perspectives of TGCV patients in Chiba, Japan, to increase the awareness of this orphan disease and facilitate its diagnosis. Methods: We enrolled 234 patients who underwent BMIPP scintigraphy between September 2015 and July 2019. The diagnosis of TGCV was made based on the criteria we reported previously. Blood smear tests were performed for TGCV classification. The distributions of TGCV in each comorbidity were investigated. Results: In total, 104 patients were diagnosed with definitive idiopathic TGCV (I-TGCV). They had various comorbid conditions, including heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and multivessel coronary artery disease requiring revascularization. Moreover, the serum TG levels in I-TGCV patients were not high, and there was no correlation between serum TG level and BMIPP WR (n=205, p-value=0.31), supporting the pathophysiological hypothesis of TGCV. Conclusion: I-TGCV patients showed multiple coexistence of coronary artery disease, heart failure of unknown etiology, or diabetes mellitus. For patients with such clinical characteristics, BMIPP scintigraphy and calculation of WR should be considered proactively for the diagnosis of TGCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Miyauchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Reprint requests and correspondence 1: Hideyuki Miyauchi, MD, PhD, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate school of Medicine 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan / E-mail:
| | - Takashi Iimori
- Department of Radiology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Masayuki Ohyama
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Hirano
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Novel, Non-invasive, and Nutritional Therapeutics and Triglyceride Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Correspondence 2: Ken-ichi Hirano, MD, PhD, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Novel, Non-invasive, and Nutritional Therapeutics and Triglyceride Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 6-2-4, Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan / E-mail:
| | - Yoshio Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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Kobayashi K, Sakata Y, Miyauchi H, Ikeda Y, Nagasawa Y, Nakajima K, Shimada K, Kozawa J, Hao H, Amano T, Yoshida H, Inaba T, Hashimoto C, Hirano KI. The Diagnostic Criteria 2020 for Triglyceride Deposit Cardiomyovasculopathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 6:99-104. [PMID: 37123492 PMCID: PMC10133930 DOI: 10.17996/anc.20-00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Triglyceride deposit cardiomyovasculopathy (TGCV) is a newly identified disease that was discovered in individuals who required cardiac transplantation in Japan in 2008. Defective intracellular lipolysis causes triglyceride (TG) accumulation in the myocardium and coronary artery vascular smooth muscle cells, which results in severe heart failure and coronary artery disease with poor prognosis. A known cause of TGCV is a genetic deficiency of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), a rate-limiting enzyme in the intracellular hydrolysis of TG. TGCV is classified into primary TGCV with ATGL mutations and idiopathic TGCV without ATGL mutations. Since its discovery, the Japan TGCV Study Group has attempted to elucidate its pathophysiology, develop diagnostic procedures, and specific treatment. Myocardial scintigraphy with iodine-123-β-methyl iodophenyl-pentadecanoic acid (123I-BMIPP) is a unique imaging modality for evaluating myocardial lipolysis in vivo. The washout rate of 123I-BMIPP is an essential indicator for the diagnosis of TGCV. Along with our efforts to provide awareness of and insights into this disease concept, we found that the cumulative number of clinically diagnosed patients has reached >200 and the cases are distributed throughout Japan. In addition, we successfully completed three investigator-initiated clinical trials of a potential therapeutic agent (CNT-01) for TGCV, which was assigned by the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare, Japan, under the SAKIGAKE Designation System in June 2020. Here, we provide the Diagnostic Criteria 2020 for TGCV in order to further promote this "rare and intractable disease" project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihisa Kobayashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Mellitus, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Sakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Miyauchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Ikeda
- Department of Pathology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nagasawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Kidney and Dialysis, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nakajima
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Shimada
- Department of Functional Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Junji Kozawa
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hao
- Division of Human Pathology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Amano
- Department of Cardiology, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tohru Inaba
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chikako Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Novel, Non-invasive, and Nutritional Therapeutics (CNT) and Triglyceride Research Center (TGRC), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Hirano
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Novel, Non-invasive, and Nutritional Therapeutics (CNT) and Triglyceride Research Center (TGRC), Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Daniels LJ, Varma U, Annandale M, Chan E, Mellor KM, Delbridge LMD. Myocardial Energy Stress, Autophagy Induction, and Cardiomyocyte Functional Responses. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:472-486. [PMID: 30417655 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Energy stress in the myocardium occurs in a variety of acute and chronic pathophysiological contexts, including ischemia, nutrient deprivation, and diabetic disease settings of substrate disturbance. Although the heart is highly adaptive and flexible in relation to fuel utilization and routes of adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) generation, maladaptations in energy stress situations confer functional deficit. An understanding of the mechanisms that link energy stress to impaired myocardial performance is crucial. Recent Advances: Emerging evidence suggests that, in parallel with regulated enzymatic pathways that control intracellular substrate supply, other processes of "bulk" autophagic macromolecular breakdown may be important in energy stress conditions. Recent findings indicate that cargo-specific autophagic activity may be important in different stress states. In particular, induction of glycophagy, a glycogen-specific autophagy, has been described in acute and chronic energy stress situations. The impact of elevated cardiomyocyte glucose flux relating to glycophagy dysregulation on contractile function is unknown. Critical Issues: Ischemia- and diabetes-related cardiac adverse events comprise the majority of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Current therapies involve management of systemic comorbidities. Cardiac-specific adjunct treatments targeted to manage myocardial energy stress responses are lacking. Future Directions: New knowledge is required to understand the mechanisms involved in selective recruitment of autophagic responses in the cardiomyocyte energy stress response. In particular, exploration of the links between cell substrate flux, calcium ion (Ca2+) flux, and phagosomal cargo flux is required. Strategies to target specific fuel "bulk" management defects in cardiac energy stress states may be of therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna J Daniels
- 1 Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Upasna Varma
- 2 Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marco Annandale
- 1 Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Eleia Chan
- 2 Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kimberley M Mellor
- 1 Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,2 Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,3 Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lea M D Delbridge
- 2 Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Sowton AP, Griffin JL, Murray AJ. Metabolic Profiling of the Diabetic Heart: Toward a Richer Picture. Front Physiol 2019; 10:639. [PMID: 31214041 PMCID: PMC6555155 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing global prevalence of diabetes has been accompanied by a rise in diabetes-related conditions. This includes diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM), a progressive form of heart disease that occurs with both insulin-dependent (type-1) and insulin-independent (type-2) diabetes and arises in the absence of hypertension or coronary artery disease. Over time, DbCM can develop into overt heart failure. Like other forms of cardiomyopathy, DbCM is accompanied by alterations in metabolism which could lead to further progression of the pathology, with metabolic derangement postulated to precede functional changes in the diabetic heart. Moreover in the case of type-2 diabetes, underlying insulin resistance is likely to prevent the canonical substrate switch of the failing heart away from fatty acid oxidation toward increased use of glycolysis. Analytical chemistry techniques, collectively known as metabolomics, are useful tools for investigating the condition. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of those studies that have employed metabolomic techniques, namely chromatography, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, to profile metabolic remodeling in the diabetic heart of human patients and animal models. These studies collectively demonstrate that glycolysis and glucose oxidation are suppressed in the diabetic myocardium and highlight a complex picture regarding lipid metabolism. The diabetic heart typically shows an increased reliance on fatty acid oxidation, yet triacylglycerols and other lipids accumulate in the diabetic myocardium indicating probable lipotoxicity. The application of lipidomic techniques to the diabetic heart has identified specific lipid species that become enriched and which may in turn act as plasma-borne biomarkers for the condition. Metabolomics is proving to be a powerful approach, allowing a much richer analysis of the metabolic alterations that occur in the diabetic heart. Careful physiological interpretation of metabolomic results will now be key in order to establish which aspects of the metabolic derangement are causal to the progression of DbCM and might form the basis for novel therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice P. Sowton
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Julian L. Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Murray
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Sousa Fialho MDL, Abd Jamil AH, Stannard GA, Heather LC. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 signalling, metabolism and its therapeutic potential in cardiovascular disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:831-843. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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47
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Nasci VL, Chuppa S, Griswold L, Goodreau KA, Dash RK, Kriegel AJ. miR-21-5p regulates mitochondrial respiration and lipid content in H9C2 cells. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H710-H721. [PMID: 30657727 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00538.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular-related pathologies are the single leading cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Previously, we found that a 5/6th nephrectomy model of CKD leads to an upregulation of miR-21-5p in the left ventricle, targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and altering the expression of numerous transcripts involved with fatty acid oxidation and glycolysis. In the present study, we evaluated the potential for knockdown or overexpression of miR-21-5p to regulate lipid content, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial respiration in H9C2 cells. Cells were transfected with anti-miR-21-5p (40 nM), pre-miR-21-5p (20 nM), or the appropriate scrambled oligonucleotide controls before lipid treatment in culture or as part of the Agilent Seahorse XF fatty acid oxidation assay. Overexpression of miR-21-5p attenuated the lipid-induced increase in cellular lipid content, whereas suppression of miR-21-5p augmented it. The abundance of malondialdehyde, a product of lipid peroxidation, was significantly increased with lipid treatment in control cells but attenuated in pre-miR-21-5p-transfected cells. This suggests that miR-21-5p reduces oxidative stress. The cellular oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was increased in both pre-miR-21-5p- and anti-miR-21-5p-transfected cells. Levels of intracellular ATP were significantly higher in anti-mR-21-5p-transfected cells. Pre-miR-21-5p blocked additional increases in OCR in response to etomoxir and palmitic acid. Conversely, anti-miR-21-5p-transfected cells exhibited reduced OCR with both etomoxir and palmitic acid, and the glycolytic capacity was concomitantly reduced. Together, these results indicate that overexpression of miR-21-5p attenuates both lipid content and lipid peroxidation in H9C2 cells. This likely occurs by reducing cellular lipid uptake and utilization, shifting cellular metabolism toward reliance on the glycolytic pathway. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Both overexpression and suppression of miR-21-5p augment basal and maximal mitochondrial respiration. Our data suggest that reliance on glycolytic and fatty acid oxidation pathways can be modulated by the abundance of miR-21-5p within the cell. miR-21-5p regulation of mitochondrial respiration can be modulated by extracellular lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Nasci
- Physiology Department, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Sandra Chuppa
- Physiology Department, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Lindsey Griswold
- Physiology Department, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Kathryn A Goodreau
- Physiology Department, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ranjan K Dash
- Physiology Department, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Alison J Kriegel
- Physiology Department, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Sayed A, Valente M, Sassoon D. Does cardiac development provide heart research with novel therapeutic approaches? F1000Res 2018; 7. [PMID: 30450195 PMCID: PMC6221076 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.15609.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic heart progenitors arise at specific spatiotemporal periods that contribute to the formation of distinct cardiac structures. In mammals, the embryonic and fetal heart is hypoxic by comparison to the adult heart. In parallel, the cellular metabolism of the cardiac tissue, including progenitors, undergoes a glycolytic to oxidative switch that contributes to cardiac maturation. While oxidative metabolism is energy efficient, the glycolytic-hypoxic state may serve to maintain cardiac progenitor potential. Consistent with this proposal, the adult epicardium has been shown to contain a reservoir of quiescent cardiac progenitors that are activated in response to heart injury and are hypoxic by comparison to adjacent cardiac tissues. In this review, we discuss the development and potential of the adult epicardium and how this knowledge may provide future therapeutic approaches for cardiac repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliqua Sayed
- Cellular, Molecular, and Physiological Mechanisms of Heart Failure, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), European Georges Pompidou Hospital (HEGP), INSERM U970, F-75737 Paris Cedex 15, Paris, France
| | - Mariana Valente
- Cellular, Molecular, and Physiological Mechanisms of Heart Failure, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), European Georges Pompidou Hospital (HEGP), INSERM U970, F-75737 Paris Cedex 15, Paris, France
| | - David Sassoon
- Cellular, Molecular, and Physiological Mechanisms of Heart Failure, Paris-Cardiovascular Research Center (PARCC), European Georges Pompidou Hospital (HEGP), INSERM U970, F-75737 Paris Cedex 15, Paris, France
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Cheema SK, Tappia PS, Dhalla NS. Modification of gene expression in rat cardiomyocytes by linoleic and docosahexaenoic acids 1. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 97:320-327. [PMID: 30388381 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of cardiac fatty acid metabolism is central to the development of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. We investigated the effects of select fatty acids on the expression of genes involved in immediate early as well as inflammatory and hypertrophic responses in adult rat cardiomyocytes. Cardiac remodeling begins with upregulation of immediate early genes for c-fos and c-jun, followed by upregulation of inflammatory genes for nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT). At later stages, genes involved in hypertrophic responses, such as atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), are upregulated. Adult rat cardiomyocytes were treated with palmitic acid, a saturated fatty acid; oleic acid, a monounsaturated fatty acid; linoleic acid, a polyunsaturated fatty acid belonging to the n-6 class; and docosahexaenoic acid, a polyunsaturated fatty acid belonging to the n-3 class. Linoleic acid produced a greater increase in the mRNA expression of c-fos, c-jun, NF-κB, NFAT3, ANP, and BNP relative to palmitic acid and oleic acid. In contrast, docosahexaenoic acid caused a decrease in the expression of genes involved in cardiac hypertrophy. Our findings suggest that linoleic acid may be a potent inducer of genes involved in cardiac hypertrophy, whereas docosahexaenoic acid may be protective against the cardiomyocyte hypertrophic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhinder K Cheema
- a Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Paramjit S Tappia
- b Asper Clinical Research Institute, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Naranjan S Dhalla
- c Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manitoba, St. Boniface Hospital, Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
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Cardiac mitochondrial respiration following a low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. J Physiol Biochem 2018; 75:65-72. [PMID: 30362048 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-018-0653-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Low-carbohydrate diets are considered to be an effective approach to weight loss and have, subsequently, grown in popularity. Despite the apparent health benefits that these diets may provide for insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, their implications on cardiomyocyte oxidative capacity have yet to be investigated. To evaluate the adaptations induced by a 6-week low-carbohydrate, high-fat (LCHF) diet on mitochondrial respiration, two groups of male mice were investigated: Apolipoprotein E-deficient mice on a LCHF diet (L-DIET) and apolipoprotein E-deficient mice on a regular rodent diet (CON). Heart tissue was extracted and used for high-resolution respirometry (HRR), while immunoblotting was performed to quantify mitochondrial density and complexes. The results demonstrate increased expression of all five mitochondrial subunits in the L-DIET group compared to control condition. Furthermore, HRR revealed increased efficiency of substrate consumption, implying augmented oxidative capacity in the L-DIET group. These findings further support the notion that cardiomyocytes prefer lipids as a primary fuel source, by demonstrating that the shift in metabolism caused by a LCHF diet facilitates such an environment. This provides important information regarding the effects of a LCHF on cardiomyocytes, especially when considering free radical production and heart dysfunction.
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