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Abo Qoura L, Morozova E, Ramaa СS, Pokrovsky VS. Smart nanocarriers for enzyme-activated prodrug therapy. J Drug Target 2024:1-23. [PMID: 39045650 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2383688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Exogenous enzyme-activated prodrug therapy (EPT) is a potential cancer treatment strategy that delivers non-human enzymes into or on the surface of the cell and subsequently converts a non-toxic prodrug into an active cytotoxic substance at a specific location and time. The development of several pharmacological pairs based on EPT has been the focus of anticancer research for more than three decades. Numerous of these pharmacological pairs have progressed to clinical trials, and a few have achieved application in specific cancer therapies. The current review highlights the potential of enzyme-activated prodrug therapy as a promising anticancer treatment. Different microbial, plant, or viral enzymes and their corresponding prodrugs that advanced to clinical trials have been listed. Additionally, we discuss new trends in the field of enzyme-activated prodrug nanocarriers, including nanobubbles combined with ultrasound (NB/US), mesoscopic-sized polyion complex vesicles (PICsomes), nanoparticles, and extracellular vesicles (EVs), with special emphasis on smart stimuli-triggered drug release, hybrid nanocarriers, and the main application of nanotechnology in improving prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louay Abo Qoura
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, People's Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Morozova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - С S Ramaa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Vadim S Pokrovsky
- Research Institute of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, People's Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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2
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Genah S, Ciccone V, Filippelli A, Simonis V, Martelli A, Piragine E, Pagnotta E, Pecchioni N, Calderone V, Morbidelli L. Erucin, a natural isothiocyanate, exerts pro-angiogenic properties in cultured endothelial cells and reverts angiogenic impairment induced by high glucose. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2641-2655. [PMID: 38488442 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Insufficient vessel maintenance adversely impacts patients in terms of tissue reperfusion following stroke or myocardial infarction, as well as during wound healing. Angiogenesis impairment is a feature typical of metabolic disorders acting at the cardiovascular level, such as diabetes. Therapeutic angiogenesis regulation offers promising clinical implications, and natural compounds as pro-angiogenic nutraceuticals hold valuable applications in regenerative medicine. By using cultured endothelial cells from human umbilical veins (HUVEC) we studied functional and molecular responses following exposure to erucin, a natural isothiocyanate derived from Brassicaceae plants and extracted from the seeds of rocket. Erucin (at nanomolar concentrations) promotes cell migration and tube formation, similar to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), through mobilizing paxillin at endothelial edges. At the molecular level, erucin induces signaling pathways typical of angiogenesis activation, namely Ras, PI3K/AKT, and ERK1/2, leading to VEGF expression and triggering its autocrine production, as pharmacological inhibition of soluble VEGF and VEGFR2 dampens endothelial functions. Furthermore, erucin, alone and together with VEGF, preserves endothelial angiogenic functions under pathological conditions, such as those induced in HUVEC by high glucose (HG) exposure. Erucin emerges as a compelling candidate for therapeutic revascularization applications, showcasing promising prospects for natural compounds in regenerative medicine, particularly in addressing angiogenesis-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Genah
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Valerio Ciccone
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Eleonora Pagnotta
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, CREA, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Pecchioni
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, CREA, Foggia, Italy
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Sougrakpam Y, Deswal R. Identification of nitric oxide regulated low abundant myrosinases from seeds and seedlings of Brassica juncea. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 339:111932. [PMID: 38030037 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Myrosinases constitute an important component of the glucosinolate-myrosinase system responsible for interaction of plants with microorganisms, insects, pest, and herbivores. It is a distinctive feature of Brassicales. Multiple isozymes of myrosinases are present in the vacuoles. Active myrosinases are also present in the apoplast and the nucleus however, the similarity or difference in the biochemical properties with the vacuolar myrosinases are not known. Here, we have attempted to isolate, characterize, and identify myrosinases from seeds, seedlings, apoplast, and nucleus to understand these forms. 2D-CN/SDS-PAGE coupled with western blotting and MS have shown low abundant myrosinases (65/70/72/75 kDa) in seeds and seedlings and apoplast & nucleus of seedlings to exist as dimers, oligomers, and as protein complex. Nuclear membrane associated form of myrosinase was also identified. The present study for the first time has shown enzymatically active myrosinase-alpha-mannosidase complex in seedlings. Both 65 and 70 kDa myrosinase in seedlings were S-nitrosated. Nitric oxide donor treatment (GSNO) led to 25% reduction in myrosinase activity which was reversed by DTT suggesting redox regulation of myrosinase. These S-nitrosated myrosinases might be a component of NO signalling in B. juncea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaiphabi Sougrakpam
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
| | - Renu Deswal
- Molecular Plant Physiology and Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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4
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Flori L, Montanaro R, Pagnotta E, Ugolini L, Righetti L, Martelli A, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C, Brancaleone V, Testai L, Calderone V. Erucin Exerts Cardioprotective Effects on Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury through the Modulation of mitoKATP Channels. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3281. [PMID: 38137502 PMCID: PMC10740937 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulation of mitochondrial K channels represents a pharmacological strategy to promote cardioprotective effects. Isothiocyanates emerge as molecules capable of releasing hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an endogenous pleiotropic gasotransmitter responsible for anti-ischemic cardioprotective effects also through the involvement of mitoK channels. Erucin (ERU) is a natural isothiocyanate resulting from the enzymatic hydrolysis of glucosinolates (GSLs) present in Eruca sativa Mill. seeds, an edible plant of the Brassicaceae family. In this experimental work, the specific involvement of mitoKATP channels in the cardioprotective effect induced by ERU was evaluated in detail. An in vivo preclinical model of acute myocardial infarction was reproduced in rats to evaluate the cardioprotective effect of ERU. Diazoxide was used as a reference compound for the modulation of potassium fluxes and 5-hydroxydecanoic acid (5HD) as a selective blocker of KATP channels. Specific investigations on isolated cardiac mitochondria were carried out to evaluate the involvement of mitoKATP channels. The results obtained showed ERU cardioprotective effects against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage through the involvement of mitoKATP channels and the consequent depolarizing effect, which in turn reduced calcium entry and preserved mitochondrial integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (A.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Rosangela Montanaro
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (R.M.); (V.B.)
| | - Eleonora Pagnotta
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, CREA—Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (E.P.); (L.U.); (L.R.)
| | - Luisa Ugolini
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, CREA—Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (E.P.); (L.U.); (L.R.)
| | - Laura Righetti
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, CREA—Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (E.P.); (L.U.); (L.R.)
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (A.M.); (V.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.D.C.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.D.C.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Vincenzo Brancaleone
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy; (R.M.); (V.B.)
| | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (A.M.); (V.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (A.M.); (V.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, 56120 Pisa, Italy
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5
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Testai L, Montanaro R, Flori L, Pagnotta E, Vellecco V, Gorica E, Ugolini L, Righetti L, Brancaleone V, Bucci M, Piragine E, Martelli A, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C, Calderone V. Persulfidation of mitoKv7.4 channels contributes to the cardioprotective effects of the H 2S-donor Erucin against ischemia/reperfusion injury. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115728. [PMID: 37524208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gasotransmitter deeply involved in cardiovascular homeostasis and implicated in the myocardial protection against ischemia/reperfusion. The post-translational persulfidation of cysteine residues has been identified as the mechanism through which H2S regulates a plethora of biological targets. Erucin (ERU) is an isothiocyanate produced upon hydrolysis of the glucosinolate glucoerucin, presents in edible plants of Brassicaceae family, such as Eruca sativa Mill., and it has emerged as a slow and long-lasting H2S-donor. AIM In this study the cardioprotective profile of ERU has been investigated and the action mechanism explored, focusing on the possible role of the recently identified mitochondrial Kv7.4 (mitoKv7.4) potassium channels. RESULTS Interestingly, ERU showed to release H2S and concentration-dependently protected H9c2 cells against H2O2-induced oxidative damage. Moreover, in in vivo model of myocardial infarct ERU showed protective effects, reducing the extension of ischemic area, the levels of troponin I and increasing the amount of total AnxA1, as well as co-related inflammatory outcomes. Conversely, the pre-treatment with XE991, a blocker of Kv7.4 channels, abolished them. In isolated cardiac mitochondria ERU exhibited the typical profile of a mitochondrial potassium channels opener, in particular, this isothiocyanate produced a mild depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, a reduction of calcium accumulation into the matrix and finally a flow of potassium ions. Finally, mitoKv7.4 channels were persulfidated in ERU-treated mitochondria. CONCLUSIONS ERU modulates the cardiac mitoKv7.4 channels and this mechanism may be relevant for cardioprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56120-Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
| | - R Montanaro
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - L Flori
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56120-Pisa, Italy
| | - E Pagnotta
- CREA-Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - V Vellecco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - E Gorica
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56120-Pisa, Italy
| | - L Ugolini
- CREA-Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - L Righetti
- CREA-Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - V Brancaleone
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - M Bucci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - E Piragine
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56120-Pisa, Italy
| | - A Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56120-Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Neurofarba-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - C Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Neurofarba-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - V Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56120-Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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6
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Xie C, Li W, Gao R, Yan L, Wang P, Gu Z, Yang R. Determination of glucosinolates in rapeseed meal and their degradation by myrosinase from rapeseed sprouts. Food Chem 2022; 382:132316. [PMID: 35152015 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of rapeseed meal in food is limited due to its abundant glucosinolates (GLs). In this study, an LC-MS/MS method for GLs determination in rapeseed meal was developed. Then, the degradation of GLs using rapeseed sprouts derived myrosinase (MYR) was investigated. Results showed that 11 kinds of GLs were identified in rapeseed meal. The LC-MS/MS method had a high linearity (R2 greater than 0.9999), repeatability (RSD < 5%) and recovery rate (92%-102%). The optimum condition for hydrolyzing GLs in rapeseed meal was reacting for 4 h with the addition of 2236.35 U/g MYR, 9.63 μg/g ascorbic acid and 26.68 μg/g EDTA. Under this condition, more than 80% of GLs were degraded and the yields of isothiocyanates and oxazolidinone-2-thione were 859.30 μg/g and 685.59 μg/g, respectively. To conclude, this study reported a reliable method for GLs determination and an effective way to degrade GLs in rapeseed meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Whole Grain Food Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanmei Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Whole Grain Food Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongguang Gao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Whole Grain Food Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Yan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Whole Grain Food Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Whole Grain Food Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxin Gu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Whole Grain Food Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Runqiang Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Whole Grain Food Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Wang L, Jiang H, Qiu Y, Dong Y, Hamouda HI, Balah MA, Mao X. Biochemical Characterization of a Novel Myrosinase Rmyr from Rahnella inusitata for High-Level Preparation of Sulforaphene and Sulforaphane. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2303-2311. [PMID: 35112855 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Myrosinase is a biotechnological tool for the preparation of sulforaphane and sulforaphene with a variety of excellent biological activities. In this study, a gene encoding the novel glycoside hydrolase family 3 (GH3) myrosinase Rmyr from Rahnella inusitata was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The purified Rmyr shows the highest activity at 40 °C and pH 7.0; meanwhile, its half-life at 30 °C reaches 12 days, indicating its excellent stability. Its sinigrin-, glucoraphenin-, and glucoraphanin-hydrolyzing activities were 12.73, 4.81, and 6.99 U/mg, respectively. Rmyr could efficiently degrade the radish seed-derived glucoraphenin and the broccoli seed-derived glucoraphanin into sulforaphene and sulforaphane within 10 min with the highest yields of 5.07 mg/g radish seeds and 9.56 mg/g broccoli seeds, respectively. The highest conversion efficiencies of sulforaphane from glucoraphanin and sulforaphene from glucoraphenin reached up to 92.48 and 97.84%, respectively. Therefore, Rmyr is a promising and potent biocatalyst for efficient and large-scale preparation of sulforaphane and sulforaphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yanjun Qiu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yueyang Dong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hamed I Hamouda
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Mohamed A Balah
- Soil Chemistry and Physics Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo 11753, Egypt
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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Lucarini E, Micheli L, Pagnotta E, Matteo R, Parisio C, Toti A, Ferrara V, Ciampi C, Martelli A, Testai L, Calderone V, Savino M, Russo M, Pecchioni N, Ghelardini C, Di Cesare Mannelli L. Beneficial Effects of Eruca sativa Defatted Seed Meal on Visceral Pain and Intestinal Damage Resulting from Colitis in Rats. Foods 2022; 11:foods11040580. [PMID: 35206057 PMCID: PMC8870774 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most therapies used in patients affected by inflammatory bowel diseases are ineffective in preventing the development of chronic visceral hypersensitivity, mainly due to inflammation-induced enteric neuroplasticity. Glucosinolates, secondary metabolites mainly of Brassicaceae with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, are effective in treating both neuropathic and arthritis pain through H2S release and Kv7 potassium channel activation. The aim of this work was to investigate the protective and anti-hyperalgesic efficacy of a defatted seed meal from Eruca sativa Mill. (Brassicaceae), rich in glucosinolates, in a rat model of colitis induced by 2,4-dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS). The mechanisms of action were also investigated. Visceral pain was assessed by measuring the abdominal response to colorectal distension. Fifteen days after colitis induction, the acute administration of E. sativa defatted seed meal (0.1–1 g kg−1 p.o.) dose-dependently relieved pain. This effect was hampered by co-administering an H2S scavenger or a selective Kv7 blocker. Administering E. sativa (1 g kg−1) for 14 days, starting after DNBS injection, contributed to counteracting visceral pain persistence in the post-inflammatory phase of colitis by promoting colon healing from the damage and reducing enteric gliosis. E. sativa defatted seed meal might be employed as a nutraceutical tool for supporting abdominal pain relief in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lucarini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (C.P.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (C.G.)
| | - Laura Micheli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (C.P.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (C.G.)
| | - Eleonora Pagnotta
- CREA-Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (E.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Roberto Matteo
- CREA-Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (E.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Carmen Parisio
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (C.P.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (C.G.)
| | - Alessandra Toti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (C.P.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (C.G.)
| | - Valentina Ferrara
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (C.P.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (C.G.)
| | - Clara Ciampi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (C.P.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (C.G.)
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.T.); (V.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Centre Nutraceuticals and Food for Health (NUTRAFOOD), University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.T.); (V.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Centre Nutraceuticals and Food for Health (NUTRAFOOD), University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.M.); (L.T.); (V.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Centre Nutraceuticals and Food for Health (NUTRAFOOD), University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Savino
- CREA-Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.S.); (M.R.); (N.P.)
| | - Mario Russo
- CREA-Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.S.); (M.R.); (N.P.)
| | - Nicola Pecchioni
- CREA-Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.S.); (M.R.); (N.P.)
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (C.P.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (C.G.)
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.L.); (L.M.); (C.P.); (A.T.); (V.F.); (C.C.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Ugolini L, Cilia G, Pagnotta E, Malaguti L, Capano V, Guerra I, Zavatta L, Albertazzi S, Matteo R, Lazzeri L, Righetti L, Nanetti A. Glucosinolate Bioactivation by Apis mellifera Workers and Its Impact on Nosema ceranae Infection at the Colony Level. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1657. [PMID: 34827655 PMCID: PMC8615805 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The microsporidian fungus Nosema ceranae represents one of the primary bee infection threats worldwide and the antibiotic fumagillin is the only registered product for nosemosis disease control, while few alternatives are, at present, available. Natural bioactive compounds deriving from the glucosinolate-myrosinase system (GSL-MYR) in Brassicaceae plants, mainly isothiocyanates (ITCs), are known for their antimicrobial activity against numerous pathogens and for their health-protective effects in humans. This work explored the use of Brassica nigra and Eruca sativa defatted seed meal (DSM) GSL-containing diets against natural Nosema infection in Apis mellifera colonies. DSM patties from each plant species were obtained by adding DSMs to sugar candy at the concentration of 4% (w/w). The feeding was administered in May to mildly N. ceranae-infected honey bee colonies for four weeks at the dose of 250 g/week. In the treated groups, no significant effects on colony development and bee mortality were observed compared to the negative controls. The N. ceranae abundance showed a slight but significant decrease. Furthermore, the GSL metabolism in bees was investigated, and MYR hydrolytic activity was qualitatively searched in isolated bee midgut and hindgut. Interestingly, MYR activity was detected both in the bees fed DSMs and in the control group where the bees did not receive DSMs. In parallel, ITCs were found in gut tissues from the bees treated with DSMs, corroborating the presence of a MYR-like enzyme capable of hydrolyzing ingested GSLs. On the other hand, GSLs and other GSL hydrolysis products other than ITCs, such as nitriles, were found in honey produced by the treated bees, potentially increasing the health value of the final product for human consumption. The results are indicative of a specific effect on the N. ceranae infection in managed honey bee colonies depending on the GSL activation within the target organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Ugolini
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economics Analysis, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (L.U.); (L.M.); (R.M.); (L.L.); (L.R.)
| | - Giovanni Cilia
- Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economics Analysis, Via di Saliceto 80, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (G.C.); (V.C.); (I.G.); (L.Z.); (S.A.); (A.N.)
| | - Eleonora Pagnotta
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economics Analysis, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (L.U.); (L.M.); (R.M.); (L.L.); (L.R.)
| | - Lorena Malaguti
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economics Analysis, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (L.U.); (L.M.); (R.M.); (L.L.); (L.R.)
| | - Vittorio Capano
- Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economics Analysis, Via di Saliceto 80, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (G.C.); (V.C.); (I.G.); (L.Z.); (S.A.); (A.N.)
| | - Irene Guerra
- Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economics Analysis, Via di Saliceto 80, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (G.C.); (V.C.); (I.G.); (L.Z.); (S.A.); (A.N.)
| | - Laura Zavatta
- Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economics Analysis, Via di Saliceto 80, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (G.C.); (V.C.); (I.G.); (L.Z.); (S.A.); (A.N.)
| | - Sergio Albertazzi
- Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economics Analysis, Via di Saliceto 80, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (G.C.); (V.C.); (I.G.); (L.Z.); (S.A.); (A.N.)
| | - Roberto Matteo
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economics Analysis, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (L.U.); (L.M.); (R.M.); (L.L.); (L.R.)
| | - Luca Lazzeri
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economics Analysis, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (L.U.); (L.M.); (R.M.); (L.L.); (L.R.)
| | - Laura Righetti
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economics Analysis, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (L.U.); (L.M.); (R.M.); (L.L.); (L.R.)
| | - Antonio Nanetti
- Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economics Analysis, Via di Saliceto 80, 40128 Bologna, Italy; (G.C.); (V.C.); (I.G.); (L.Z.); (S.A.); (A.N.)
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Ugolini L, Scarafile D, Matteo R, Pagnotta E, Malaguti L, Lazzeri L, Modesto M, Checcucci A, Mattarelli P, Braschi I. Effect of bioactive compounds released from Brassicaceae defatted seed meals on bacterial load in pig manure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:62353-62367. [PMID: 34191264 PMCID: PMC8589757 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14321-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Animal manure application to soils is considered to be one of the main cause of antibiotic and bacterial pathogen spread in the environment. Pig livestock, which is the source of one of the most used fertilizer for cultivated land, is also a hotspot for antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Besides harsh chemical and physical sanitization treatments for the abatement of antibiotics and bacterial load in livestock waste, more sustainable and environmentally friendly strategies need to be considered. In this context, the use of natural substances which are proved useful for pest and disease control is currently under exploration for their role in the reduction of bacterial pathogen population. Among these, plants and derived products from the Brassicaceae family, characterized by the presence of a defensive glucosinolate-myrosinase enzymatic system, have been successfully exploited for years in agriculture using the so-called biofumigation technique against crop diseases. Although the application of biofumigation to suppress a range of soil borne pests has been well documented, no studies have been examined to reduce bacterial population in animal waste. In the present study, the release and the antibacterial activity of bioactive compounds deriving from different Brassicaceae defatted seed meals against pathogens and bacterial population in pig manure is addressed. Rapistrum rugosum and Brassica nigra defatted seed meals were found to be the most active products against tested pathogens and able to significantly reduce the bacterial load in the manure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Ugolini
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy
| | - Donatella Scarafile
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Matteo
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eleonora Pagnotta
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorena Malaguti
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Lazzeri
- CREA Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Modesto
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alice Checcucci
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Mattarelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Braschi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
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11
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Wang L, Jiang H, Liang X, Zhou W, Qiu Y, Xue C, Sun J, Mao X. Preparation of Sulforaphene from Radish Seed Extracts with Recombinant Food-Grade Yarrowia lipolytica Harboring High Myrosinase Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:5363-5371. [PMID: 33929187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sulforaphene prepared from glucoraphenin by myrosinase is one of the main active ingredients of radish, which has various biological activities and brilliant potential for food and pharmaceutical applications. In this paper, a recombinant food-grade yeast transformant 20-8 with high-level myrosinase activity was constructed by over-expressing a myrosinase gene from Arabidopsis thaliana in Yarrowia lipolytica. The highest myrosinase activity produced by the transformant 20-8 reached 44.84 U/g dry cell weight when it was cultivated in a 10 L fermentor within 108 h. Under the optimal reaction conditions, 6.1 mg of sulforaphene was yielded from 1 g of radish seeds under the catalysis of the crude myrosinase preparation (4.95 U) at room temperature within 1.5 h. What is more is that when the whole yeast cells harboring myrosinase activity were reused 10 times, the sulforaphene yield still reached 92.53% of the initial level. Therefore, this efficient approach has broad application prospects in recyclable and large-scale preparation of sulforaphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Biological Manufacturing of Marine Food, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xingxing Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wenting Zhou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yanjun Qiu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jianan Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Biological Manufacturing of Marine Food, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Biological Manufacturing of Marine Food, Qingdao 266003, China
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12
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Arya M, Prakash S, Sougrakpam Y, Deswal R. Brassica juncea leaf cuticle proteome analysis shows myrosinase protein, antifreeze activity, and post-translationally modified secretory proteins. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 161:234-247. [PMID: 33647583 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant cuticle, the site of perception of stress signals, is an extracellular hydrophobic barrier that covers the epidermis of the above-ground parts. This lipidic layer has been explored for its cutin and wax composition. However, reports on the cuticle proteins are scanty. Therefore, leaf cuticle proteins of Brassica juncea isolated using organic solvents (chloroform-methanol, 2:1(v/v)) were analyzed using gel based and quantitative shotgun proteomics. Out of 615 proteins identified, 27% (169) had signal peptides supporting extracellular localization. Bioinformatics tool, QuickGO predicted the involvement of these proteins in catabolism (21%), peptidase activity (13%), oxidoreductase (12%), defense response (9%), fatty acid binding (9%), nutrient reservoir activity (8%), chitin binding (7%) and lipid transport (2%). Myrosinase-catalyzed glucosinolate hydrolysis releases bioactive compounds, which contribute to plant defense. This system is termed as "mustard oil bomb". Myrosinase and its associating protein, GDSL esterase/lipase ESM1 (involved in cuticle structuring and defense) were detected in the cuticle. GDSL-esterase/lipase ESM1 and β-glucanase (an antifreeze protein) showed in vitro activity. Analysis of cuticle extract by nanoliter osmometer-phase contrast microscopy detected antifreeze activity due to non-protein component. Post-translational modification analysis using PTM viewer predicted N-glycosylation (66%), N-terminal proteolysis (40%), and phosphorylation (32%) to be the dominant modification in the classical secretory proteins. N-glycosylation of myrosinase and GDSL esterase/lipase, ESM1 was confirmed by Con A affinoblotting. This study not only identified leaf cuticle proteins, but also laid the foundation for exploring the extracellular glucosinolate-myrosinase system, PTM crosstalk, and antifreeze activity as stress adaptive strategies in B. juncea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Arya
- Molecular Physiology and Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Satya Prakash
- Molecular Physiology and Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Yaiphabi Sougrakpam
- Molecular Physiology and Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
| | - Renu Deswal
- Molecular Physiology and Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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13
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Pardini A, Tamasi G, De Rocco F, Bonechi C, Consumi M, Leone G, Magnani A, Rossi C. Kinetics of glucosinolate hydrolysis by myrosinase in Brassicaceae tissues: A high-performance liquid chromatography approach. Food Chem 2021; 355:129634. [PMID: 33799240 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates are a group of secondary metabolites occurring in all the vegetables belonging to the Brassicaceae family. Upon tissue damage, glucosinolates are hydrolyzed by myrosinase to a series of degradation products, including isothiocyanates, which are important for their health-promoting effects in humans. The glucosinolate-myrosinase system has been characterized in several Brassica species, of which white mustard (Sinapis alba) has been studied the most. In this study, a new HPLC-UV assay to evaluate the activities and kinetics of myrosinases in aqueous extracts, which closely represent the physiological conditions of plant tissues, was developed. This method was tested on myrosinases extracted from broccoli and cauliflower inflorescences, employing sinigrin and glucoraphanin as substrates. The results showed a strong inhibition of both enzymes at high substrate concentrations. The main issues related to kinetic analysis on the glucosinolate-myrosinase system were also elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Pardini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (DBCF), University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
| | - Gabriella Tamasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (DBCF), University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
| | - Federica De Rocco
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (DBCF), University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Claudia Bonechi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (DBCF), University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Marco Consumi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (DBCF), University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), via Giuseppe Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Gemma Leone
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (DBCF), University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), via Giuseppe Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Agnese Magnani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (DBCF), University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), via Giuseppe Giusti 9, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Claudio Rossi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy (DBCF), University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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Mocniak LE, Elkin K, Bollinger JM. Lifetimes of the Aglycone Substrates of Specifier Proteins, the Autonomous Iron Enzymes That Dictate the Products of the Glucosinolate-Myrosinase Defense System in Brassica Plants. Biochemistry 2020; 59:2432-2441. [PMID: 32516526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Specifier proteins (SPs) are components of the glucosinolate-myrosinase defense system found in plants of the order Brassicales (brassicas). Glucosinolates (GLSs) comprise at least 150 known S-(β-d-glucopyranosyl)thiohydroximate-O-sulfonate compounds, each with a distinguishing side chain linked to the central carbon. Following tissue injury, the enzyme myrosinase (MYR) promiscuously hydrolyzes the common thioglycosidic linkage of GLSs to produce unstable aglycone intermediates, which can readily undergo a Lossen-like rearrangement to the corresponding organoisothiocyanates. The known SPs share a common protein architecture but redirect the breakdown of aglycones to different stable products: epithionitrile (ESP), nitrile (NSP), or thiocyanate (TFP). The different effects of these products on brassica consumers motivate efforts to understand the defense response in chemical detail. Experimental analysis of SP mechanisms is challenged by the instability of the aglycones and would be facilitated by knowledge of their lifetimes. We developed a spectrophotometric method that we used to monitor the rearrangement reactions of the MYR-generated aglycones from nine GLSs, discovering that their half-lives (t1/2) vary by a factor of more than 50, from <3 to 150 s (22 °C). The t1/2 of the sinigrin-derived allyl aglycone (34 s), which can form the epithionitrile product (1-cyano-2,3-epithiopropane) in the presence of ESP, proved to be sufficient to enable spatial and temporal separation of the MYR and ESP reactions. The results confirm recent proposals that ESP is an autonomous iron-dependent enzyme that intercepts the unstable aglycone rather than a direct effector of MYR. Knowledge of aglycone lifetimes will enable elucidation of how the various SPs reroute aglycones to different products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyle Elkin
- Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Building 3702 Curtin Road, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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15
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Eruca sativa Meal against Diabetic Neuropathic Pain: An H 2S-Mediated Effect of Glucoerucin. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24163006. [PMID: 31430978 PMCID: PMC6721019 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24163006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of pain in patients affected by diabetic neuropathy still represents an unmet therapeutic need. Recent data highlighted the pain-relieving efficacy of glucosinolates deriving from Brassicaceae. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-hyperalgesic efficacy of Eruca sativa defatted seed meal, along with its main glucosinolate, glucoerucin (GER), on diabetic neuropathic pain induced in mice by streptozotocin (STZ). The mechanism of action was also investigated. Hypersensitivity was assessed by paw pressure and cold plate tests after the acute administration of the compounds. Once bio-activated by myrosinase, both E. sativa defatted meal (1 g kg−1 p.o.) and GER (100 µmol kg−1 p.o., equimolar to meal content) showed a dose-dependent pain-relieving effect in STZ-diabetic mice, but the meal was more effective than the glucosinolate. The co-administration with H2S scavengers abolished the pain relief mediated by both E. sativa meal and GER. Their effect was also prevented by selectively blocking Kv7 potassium channels. Repeated treatments with E. sativa meal did not induce tolerance to the anti-hypersensitive effect. In conclusion, E. sativa meal can be suggested as a new nutraceutical tool for pain relief in patients with diabetic neuropathy.
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Zhang J, Feng C, Tan X, Hagedoorn PL, Gu C, Xu H, Zhou X. Effect of aliphatic diamine spacer length on enzymatic performance of myrosinase immobilized on chitosan microsphere and its application for sulforaphene production. J Biotechnol 2019; 299:79-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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17
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Moringin from Moringa Oleifera Seeds Inhibits Growth, Arrests Cell-Cycle, and Induces Apoptosis of SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cells through the Modulation of NF-κB and Apoptotic Related Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081930. [PMID: 31010127 PMCID: PMC6515259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, glucosinolates (GLs), precursors of isothiocyanates (ITCs), have been studied mostly for their chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic properties. The aim of our research was to study the antiproliferative effect of 4-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy) benzyl glucosinolate (glucomoringin; GMG) bioactivated by myrosinase enzyme to form the corresponding isothiocyanate 4-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy) benzyl C (moringin) in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. We found that moringin significantly reduced SH-SY5Y cell growth in a time and concentration-dependent (p < 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001 vs. ctrl, after treatment with 16.4 µM moringin for 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively) manner through a mechanism involving the activation of apoptotic machinery. In addition, it altered the normal progression of cells through the cell cycle, increasing the cell population in both G2 and S phases, as well as decreasing that in the G1 phase. Studying the drug mechanism of action, we found that moringin was able to increase the expression of p53, p21, and Bax at both the protein and transcriptional level. Moreover, exposure of SH-SY5Y cells to moringin significantly increased the gene expression of both caspase 3 and 9 and enhanced their cleavage, thereby initiating an intrinsic apoptotic cascade. Finally, moringin inhibited nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Our study demonstrates the ability of moringin to reduce the growth of SH-SY5Y cells and reveals its mechanism of action, suggesting its promising role as an anticancer drug.
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18
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Bhat R, Vyas D. Myrosinase: insights on structural, catalytic, regulatory, and environmental interactions. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 39:508-523. [PMID: 30939944 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1576024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glucosinolate-myrosinase is a substrate-enzyme defense mechanism present in Brassica crops. This binary system provides the plant with an efficient system against herbivores and pathogens. For humans, it is well known for its anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-bacterial, cardio-protective, and central nervous system protective activities. Glucosinolate and myrosinase are spatially present in different cells that upon tissue disruption come together and result in the formation of a variety of hydrolysis products with diverse physicochemical and biological properties. The myrosinase-catalyzed reaction starts with cleavage of the thioglucosidic linkage resulting in release of a D-glucose and an unstable thiohydroximate-O-sulfate. The outcome of this thiohydroximate-O-sulfate has been shown to depend on the structure of the glucosinolate side chain, the presence of supplementary proteins known as specifier proteins and/or on the physiochemical condition. Myrosinase was first reported in mustard seed during 1939 as a protein responsible for release of essential oil. Until this date, myrosinases have been characterized from more than 20 species of Brassica, cabbage aphid, and many bacteria residing in the human intestine. All the plant myrosinases are reported to be activated by ascorbic acid while aphid and bacterial myrosinases are found to be either neutral or inhibited. Myrosinase catalyzes hydrolysis of the S-glycosyl bond, O-β glycosyl bond, and O-glycosyl bond. This review summarizes information on myrosinase, an essential component of this binary system, including its structural and molecular properties, mechanism of action, and its regulation and will be beneficial for the research going on the understanding and betterment of the glucosinolate-myrosinase system from an ecological and nutraceutical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Bhat
- a Biodiversity and Applied Botany Division , Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR) , Jammu , India.,b Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research , Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR) , Jammu , India
| | - Dhiraj Vyas
- a Biodiversity and Applied Botany Division , Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR) , Jammu , India.,b Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research , Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR) , Jammu , India
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19
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Citi V, Piragine E, Pagnotta E, Ugolini L, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Testai L, Ghelardini C, Lazzeri L, Calderone V, Martelli A. Anticancer properties of erucin, an H 2 S-releasing isothiocyanate, on human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells (AsPC-1). Phytother Res 2019; 33:845-855. [PMID: 30632211 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants of the Brassicaceae family are well-known for containing the glucosinolate myrosinase system, which is able to release isothiocyanates after plant biotic and abiotic lesions. Erucin (ERU; 1-isothiocyanato-4-(methylthio)-butane), an isothiocyanate particularly abundant in arugula (Eruca sativa Mill., Eruca vesicaria L., etc.), derives from the hydrolysis of the glucosinolate glucoerucin by the enzyme myrosinase. Many other natural isothiocyanates influence cancer cells and, in particular, induce antiproliferative effects at relatively high concentrations. Similar antiproliferative effects have also been shown by the newly emerging gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) and by H2 S-releasing compounds. In a previous study, our group demonstrated that isothiocyanates release H2 S in biological environments. In this work, we demonstrated the H2 S-donor properties of ERU in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells (AsPC-1) and delineated its profile as a chemopreventive or anticancer agent. Indeed, ERU showed significant antiproliferative effects: ERU inhibited AsPC-1 cell viability at relatively high concentrations (30-100 μM). Moreover, ERU inhibited cell migration, altered the AsPC-1 cell cycle, and exhibited proapoptotic effects. Finally, ERU inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation. This mechanism is particularly important in AsPC-1 cells because they are characterized by a mutation in KRAS that determines KRAS hyperactivation followed by MAP-kinase hyperphosphorylation, which plays a pivotal role in pancreatic cancer proliferation, growth, and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eleonora Pagnotta
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luisa Ugolini
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - NEUROFARBA - Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Florence, Italy
| | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Centre "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health (NUTRAFOOD)", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health - NEUROFARBA - Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Lazzeri
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Centre "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health (NUTRAFOOD)", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Centre "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health (NUTRAFOOD)", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Mathiron D, Iori R, Pilard S, Soundara Rajan T, Landy D, Mazzon E, Rollin P, Djedaïni-Pilard F. A Combined Approach of NMR and Mass Spectrometry Techniques Applied to the α-Cyclodextrin/Moringin Complex for a Novel Bioactive Formulation †. Molecules 2018; 23:E1714. [PMID: 30011859 PMCID: PMC6099948 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Moringin, obtained via enzymatic conversion of the glucosinolate precursor glucomoringin, is an uncommon member of the isothiocyanate class, and has been proven to possess a broad range of biological activities such as antitumor activity, protection against neurodegenerative disorders and bactericidal effects. Since moringin is weakly soluble in water and unstable in aqueous medium, cyclodextrins (CDs) were considered for the development of a new moringin formulation, with a view to improving its solubility and stability in aqueous solution for use as an anti-inflammatory. A combined structural study using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR), diffusion-ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) and ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) is reported, highlighting the formation of a 1:1 α-CD/moringin inclusion complex. The association constant K was determined (1300 M-1 at 300 K). Completion of the structural characterization was performed by T-ROESY and MS/MS experiments, which evidenced the mode of penetration of moringin into α-CD. Finally, the "chaperone-like" properties of α-CD with respect to the stability of moringin have been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mathiron
- Plateforme Analytique, Institut de Chimie de Picardie FR 3085 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France.
| | - Renato Iori
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L'analisi Dell'economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca Agricoltura e Ambiente (CREA-AA), Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Serge Pilard
- Plateforme Analytique, Institut de Chimie de Picardie FR 3085 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France.
| | - Thangavelu Soundara Rajan
- Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - David Landy
- Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV, EA 4492), ULCO, F-59140 Dunkerque, France.
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Patrick Rollin
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Université d'Orléans et CNRS, UMR 7311, BP 6759, F-45067 Orléans, France.
| | - Florence Djedaïni-Pilard
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agroressources UMR 7378, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France.
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Pagnotta E, Agerbirk N, Olsen CE, Ugolini L, Cinti S, Lazzeri L. Hydroxyl and Methoxyl Derivatives of Benzylglucosinolate in Lepidium densiflorum with Hydrolysis to Isothiocyanates and non-Isothiocyanate Products: Substitution Governs Product Type and Mass Spectral Fragmentation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:3167-3178. [PMID: 28343387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A system of benzylic glucosinolates was found and characterized in common pepperweed, Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. The major glucosinolate was the novel 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylglucosinolate (3,5-dimethoxysinalbin), present at high levels in seeds, leaves, and roots. Medium-level glucosinolates were 3,4-dimethoxybenzylglucosinolate and 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylglucosinolate. Minor glucosinolates included benzylglucosinolate, 3-hydroxy- and 3-methoxybenzylglucosinolate, 4-hydroxybenzylglucosinolate (sinalbin), the novel 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylglucosinolate (3-methoxysinalbin), and indole-type glucosinolates. A biosynthetic connection is suggested. NMR, UV, and ion trap MS/MS spectral data are reported, showing contrasting MS fragmentation of p-hydroxyls and p-methoxyls. Additional investigations by GC-MS focused on glucosinolate hydrolysis products. Whereas glucosinolates generally yielded isothiocyanates, the dominating 3,5-dimethoxysinalbin with a free p-hydroxyl group produced the corresponding alcohol and syringaldehyde (4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde). After thermal deactivation of the endogenous myrosinase enzyme, massive accumulation of the corresponding nitrile was detected. This case study points out how non-isothiocyanate glucosinolate hydrolysis products are prevalent in nature and of interest in both plant-pathogen interactions and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Pagnotta
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Industrial Crops, CREA-CIN , via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Niels Agerbirk
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Carl E Olsen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Luisa Ugolini
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Industrial Crops, CREA-CIN , via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Susanna Cinti
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Industrial Crops, CREA-CIN , via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Lazzeri
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Industrial Crops, CREA-CIN , via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
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22
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Klingaman CA, Wagner MJ, Brown JR, Klecker JB, Pauley EH, Noldner CJ, Mays JR. HPLC-based kinetics assay facilitates analysis of systems with multiple reaction products and thermal enzyme denaturation. Anal Biochem 2016; 516:37-47. [PMID: 27742213 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glucosinolates are plant secondary metabolites abundant in Brassica vegetables that are substrates for the enzyme myrosinase, a thioglucoside hydrolase. Enzyme-mediated hydrolysis of glucosinolates forms several organic products, including isothiocyanates (ITCs) that have been explored for their beneficial effects in humans. Myrosinase has been shown to be tolerant of non-natural glucosinolates, such as 2,2-diphenylethyl glucosinolate, and can facilitate their conversion to non-natural ITCs, some of which are leads for drug development. An HPLC-based method capable of analyzing this transformation for non-natural systems has been described. This current study describes (1) the Michaelis-Menten characterization of 2,2-diphenyethyl glucosinolate and (2) a parallel evaluation of this analogue and the natural analogue glucotropaeolin to evaluate effects of pH and temperature on rates of hydrolysis and product(s) formed. Methods described in this study provide the ability to simultaneously and independently analyze the kinetics of multiple reaction components. An unintended outcome of this work was the development of a modified Lambert W(x) which includes a parameter to account for the thermal denaturation of enzyme. The results of this study demonstrate that the action of Sinapis alba myrosinase on natural and non-natural glucosinolates is consistent under the explored range of experimental conditions and in relation to previous accounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase A Klingaman
- Augustana University, Department of Chemistry, 2001 S. Summit Ave., Sioux Falls, SD 57197, USA
| | - Matthew J Wagner
- Augustana University, Department of Chemistry, 2001 S. Summit Ave., Sioux Falls, SD 57197, USA
| | - Justin R Brown
- Augustana University, Department of Chemistry, 2001 S. Summit Ave., Sioux Falls, SD 57197, USA
| | - John B Klecker
- Augustana University, Department of Chemistry, 2001 S. Summit Ave., Sioux Falls, SD 57197, USA
| | - Ethan H Pauley
- Augustana University, Department of Chemistry, 2001 S. Summit Ave., Sioux Falls, SD 57197, USA
| | - Colin J Noldner
- Augustana University, Department of Chemistry, 2001 S. Summit Ave., Sioux Falls, SD 57197, USA
| | - Jared R Mays
- Augustana University, Department of Chemistry, 2001 S. Summit Ave., Sioux Falls, SD 57197, USA.
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Giacoppo S, Soundara Rajan T, De Nicola GR, Iori R, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Moringin activates Wnt canonical pathway by inhibiting GSK3β in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2016; 10:3291-3304. [PMID: 27784989 PMCID: PMC5063603 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s110514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant canonical Wnt-β-catenin signaling has been reported in multiple sclerosis (MS), although the results are controversial. The present study aimed to examine the role of the Wnt-β-catenin pathway in experimental MS and also to test moringin (4-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy]-benzyl isothiocyanate), resulting from exogenous myrosinase hydrolysis of the natural phytochemical glucomoringin 4(α-L-rhamnosyloxy)-benzyl glucosinolate as a modulator of neuroinflammation via the β-catenin-PPARγ axis. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the most common model of MS, was induced in C57BL/6 mice by immunization with MOG35-55. Released moringin (10 mg/kg glucomoringin +5 μL myrosinase/mouse) was administered daily for 1 week before EAE induction and continued until mice were killed on day 28 after EAE induction. Our results clearly showed that the Wnt-β-catenin pathway was downregulated in the EAE model, whereas moringin pretreatment was able to avert this. Moringin pretreatment normalizes the aberrant Wnt-β-catenin pathway, resulting in GSK3β inhibition and β-catenin upregulation, which regulates T-cell activation (CD4 and FoxP3), suppresses the main inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-6, and COX2), through activation of PPARγ. In addition, moringin attenuates apoptosis by reducing the expression of the Fas ligand and cleaved caspase 9, and in parallel increases antioxidant Nrf2 expression in EAE mice. Taken together, our results provide an interesting discovery in identifying moringin as a modulator of the Wnt-β-catenin signaling cascade and as a new potential therapeutic target for MS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gina Rosalinda De Nicola
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Industrial Crops (CREA-CIN), Bologna, Italy
| | - Renato Iori
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Industrial Crops (CREA-CIN), Bologna, Italy
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Rajan TS, Giacoppo S, Iori R, De Nicola GR, Grassi G, Pollastro F, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of a combination of cannabidiol and moringin in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Fitoterapia 2016; 112:104-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Giacoppo S, Rajan TS, De Nicola GR, Iori R, Rollin P, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. The Isothiocyanate Isolated from Moringa oleifera Shows Potent Anti-Inflammatory Activity in the Treatment of Murine Subacute Parkinson's Disease. Rejuvenation Res 2016; 20:50-63. [PMID: 27245199 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2016.1828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed at estimating a possible neuroprotective effect of glucomoringin (GMG) [4-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy)benzyl glucosinolate] bioactivated with the enzyme myrosinase to form the corresponding isothiocyanate [4-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy)benzyl C; moringin] in the treatment or prevention of Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, the beneficial effects of moringin were compared with those of pure GMG, not enzymatically activated, in an in vivo experimental mouse model of subacute PD. Subacute PD was induced in C57BL/6 mice by administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Mice were pretreated daily for 1 week with moringin (10 mg/kg +5 μL myrosinase/mouse) and with GMG (10 mg/kg). Behavioral evaluations were also performed to assess motor deficits and bradykinesia in MPTP mice. Besides, assuming that pretreatment with moringin could modulate the triggering of inflammatory cascade with a correlated response, we tested its in vitro anti-inflammatory activity by using a model of RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Achieved results in vivo showed a higher efficacy of moringin compared with GMG not only to modulate the inflammatory pathway but also oxidative stress and apoptotic pathways. In addition, the greater effectiveness of moringin in countering mainly the inflammatory pathway has been corroborated by the results obtained in vitro. The relevance and innovation of the present study lie in the possible use of a safe formulation of a bioactive compound, resulting from exogenous myrosinase hydrolysis of the natural phytochemical GMG, which can be used in clinical practice as a useful drug for the treatment or prevention of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gina Rosalinda De Nicola
- 2 Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Centro di ricerca per le colture industriali (CREA-CIN) , Bologna, Italy
| | - Renato Iori
- 2 Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Centro di ricerca per le colture industriali (CREA-CIN) , Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrick Rollin
- 3 Université d'Orléans et CNRS , ICOA, UMR 7311, Orléans, France
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Rajan TS, De Nicola GR, Iori R, Rollin P, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Anticancer activity of glucomoringin isothiocyanate in human malignant astrocytoma cells. Fitoterapia 2016; 110:1-7. [PMID: 26882972 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Isothiocyanates (ITCs) released from their glucosinolate precursors have been shown to inhibit tumorigenesis and they have received significant attention as potential chemotherapeutic agents against cancer. Astrocytoma grade IV is the most frequent and most malignant primary brain tumor in adults without any curative treatment. New therapeutic drugs are therefore urgently required. In the present study, we investigated the in vitro antitumor activity of the glycosylated isothiocyanate moringin [4-(α-l-rhamnopyranosyloxy)benzyl isothiocyanate] produced from quantitative myrosinase-induced hydrolysis of glucomoringin (GMG) under neutral pH value. We have evaluated the potency of moringin on apoptosis induction and cell death in human astrocytoma grade IV CCF-STTG1 cells. Moringin showed to be effective in inducing apoptosis through p53 and Bax activation and Bcl-2 inhibition. In addition, oxidative stress related Nrf2 transcription factor and its upstream regulator CK2 alpha expressions were modulated at higher doses, which indicated the involvement of oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis induced by moringin. Moreover, significant reduction in 5S rRNA was noticed with moringin treatment. Our in vitro results demonstrated the antitumor efficacy of moringin derived from myrosinase-hydrolysis of GMG in human malignant astrocytoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangavelu Soundara Rajan
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Gina Rosalinda De Nicola
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca per le Colture Industriali (CREA-CIN), Via Di Corticella 133, Bologna 40128, Italy
| | - Renato Iori
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Centro di Ricerca per le Colture Industriali (CREA-CIN), Via Di Corticella 133, Bologna 40128, Italy
| | - Patrick Rollin
- Université d'Orléans et CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, BP 6759, F-45067 Orléans, France
| | - Placido Bramanti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
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Bhat R, Kaur T, Khajuria M, Vyas R, Vyas D. Purification and Characterization of a Novel Redox-Regulated Isoform of Myrosinase (β-Thioglucoside Glucohydrolase) from Lepidium latifolium L. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:10218-10226. [PMID: 26527478 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Myrosinase (ExPASy entry EC 3.2.1.147) is involved in the hydrolysis of glucosinolates to isothiocyanates, nitriles, and thiocyanates that are responsible for various ecological and health benefits. Myrosinase was purified from the leaves of Lepidium latifolium, a high-altitude plant, to homogeneity in a three-step purification process. Purified enzyme exists as dimer in native form (∼160 kDa) with a subunit size of ∼70 kDa. The enzyme exhibited maximum activity at pH 6.0 and 50 °C. With sinigrin as substrate, the enzyme showed Km and Vmax values of 171 ± 23 μM and 0.302 μmol min(-1) mg(-1), respectively. The enzyme was found to be redox-regulated, with an increase in Vmax and Kcat in the presence of GSH. Reduced forms of the enzyme were found to be more active. This thiol-regulated kinetic behavior of myrosinase signifies enzyme's strategy to fine-tune its activity in different redox environments, thus regulating its biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Bhat
- Biodiversity and Applied Botany Division, ‡Formulation and Drug Development Division, and §Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR) , Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
| | - Tarandeep Kaur
- Biodiversity and Applied Botany Division, ‡Formulation and Drug Development Division, and §Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR) , Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
| | - Manu Khajuria
- Biodiversity and Applied Botany Division, ‡Formulation and Drug Development Division, and §Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR) , Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
| | - Ruchika Vyas
- Biodiversity and Applied Botany Division, ‡Formulation and Drug Development Division, and §Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR) , Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
| | - Dhiraj Vyas
- Biodiversity and Applied Botany Division, ‡Formulation and Drug Development Division, and §Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR) , Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
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Giacoppo S, Galuppo M, De Nicola GR, Iori R, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Tuscan black kale sprout extract bioactivated with myrosinase: a novel natural product for neuroprotection by inflammatory and oxidative response during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:397. [PMID: 26545366 PMCID: PMC4636745 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0929-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (CIR) is a pathological condition characterized by a first blood supply restriction to brain followed by the consequent restoration of blood flow and simultaneous reoxygenation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of Tuscan black kale sprout extract (TBK-SE) bioactivated with myrosinase enzyme, assessing its capability to preserve blood–brain barrier (BBB), in a rat model of CIR. Methods CIR was induced in rats according to a classic model of carotid artery occlusion for a time period of 1 h and the reperfusion time was prolonged for seven days. Results By immunohistochemical evaluation and western blot analysis of brain and cerebellum tissues, our data have clearly shown that administration of bioactive TBK-SE is able to restore alterations of tight junction components (claudin-5 immunolocalization). Also, bioactive TBK-SE reduces some inflammatory key-markers (p-selectin, GFAP, Iba-1, ERK1/2 and TNF-α), as well as the triggering of neuronal apoptotic death pathway (data about Bax/Bcl-2 balance, p53 and cleaved-caspase 3) and the generation of radicalic species by oxidative stress (results focused on iNOS, nitrotyrosine and Nrf2). Conclusion Taken together, our findings lead to believe that bioactive TBK-SE exerts pharmacological properties in protecting BBB integrity through a mechanism of action that involves a modulation of inflammatory and oxidative pathway as well into control of neuronal death.
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Wagner AE, Sturm C, Piegholdt S, Wolf IM, Esatbeyoglu T, De Nicola GR, Iori R, Rimbach G. Myrosinase-treated glucoerucin is a potent inducer of the Nrf2 target gene heme oxygenase 1 — studies in cultured HT-29 cells and mice. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:661-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Administration of 4-(α-L-rhamnosyloxy)-benzyl isothiocyanate delays disease phenotype in SOD1(G93A) rats: a transgenic model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:259417. [PMID: 26075221 PMCID: PMC4436451 DOI: 10.1155/2015/259417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
4-(α-L-Rhamnosyloxy)-benzyl glucosinolate (glucomoringin, GMG) is a compound found in Moringa oleifera seeds. Myrosinase-catalyzed hydrolysis at neutral pH of GMG releases the biologically active compound 4-(α-L-rhamnosyloxy)-benzyl isothiocyanate (GMG-ITC). The present study was designed to test the potential therapeutic effectiveness of GMG-ITC to counteract the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) using SOD1tg rats, which physiologically develops SOD1G93A at about 16 weeks of life, and can be considered a genetic model of disease. Rats were treated once a day with GMG (10 mg/Kg) bioactivated with myrosinase (20 µL/rat) via intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection for two weeks before disease onset and the treatment was prolonged for further two weeks before the sacrifice. Immune-inflammatory markers as well as apoptotic pathway were investigated to establish whether GMG-ITC could represent a new promising tool in clinical practice to prevent ALS. Achieved data display clear differences in molecular and biological profiles between treated and untreated SOD1tg rats leading to guessing that GMG-ITC can interfere with the pathophysiological mechanisms at the basis of ALS development. Therefore, GMG-ITC produced from myrosinase-catalyzed hydrolysis of pure GMG could be a candidate for further studies aimed to assess its possible use in clinical practice for the prevention or to slow down this disease.
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4(α-l-rhamnosyloxy)-benzyl isothiocyanate, a bioactive phytochemical that attenuates secondary damage in an experimental model of spinal cord injury. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 23:80-8. [PMID: 25497964 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
4(α-l-Rhamnosyloxy)-benzyl isothiocyanate (glucomoringin isothiocyanate; GMG-ITC) is released from the precursor 4(α-l-rhamnosyloxy)-benzyl glucosinolate (glucomoringin; GMG) by myrosinase (β-thioglucoside glucohydrolase; E.C. 3.2.1.147) catalyzed hydrolysis. GMG is an uncommon member of the glucosinolate group as it presents a unique characteristic consisting in a second glycosidic residue within the side chain. It is a typical glucosinolate found in large amounts in the seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam., the most widely distributed plant of the Moringaceae family. GMG was purified from seed-cake of M. oleifera and was hydrolyzed by myrosinase at neutral pH in order to form the corresponding GMG-ITC. This bioactive phytochemical can play a key role in counteracting the inflammatory response connected to the oxidative-related mechanisms as well as in the control of the neuronal cell death process, preserving spinal cord tissues after injury in mice. Spinal cord trauma was induced in mice by the application of vascular clips (force of 24g) for 1 min., via four-level T5-T8 after laminectomy. In particular, the purpose of this study was to investigate the dynamic changes occurring in the spinal cord after ip treatment with bioactive GMG-ITC produced 15 min before use from myrosinase-catalyzed hydrolysis of GMG (10mg/kg body weight+5 μl Myr mouse/day). The following parameters, such as histological damage, distribution of reticular fibers in connective tissue, nuclear factor (NF)-κB translocation and nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha (IκB-α) degradation, expression of inducible Nitric Oxide Synthases (iNOS), as well as apoptosis, were evaluated. In conclusion, our results show a protective effect of bioactive GMG-ITC on the secondary damage, following spinal cord injury, through an antioxidant mechanism of neuroprotection. Therefore, the bioactive phytochemical GMG-ITC freshly produced before use by myrosinase-catalyzed hydrolysis of pure GMG, could prove to be useful in the treatment of spinal cord trauma.
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(RS)-glucoraphanin purified from Tuscan black kale and bioactivated with myrosinase enzyme protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Fitoterapia 2014; 99:166-77. [PMID: 25281776 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the result of a transient or permanent reduction in cerebral blood flow caused by the occlusion of a cerebral artery via an embolus or local thrombosis. Restoration of blood supply to ischemic tissues can cause additional damage known as reperfusion injury that can be more damaging than the initial ischemia. This study was aimed to examine the possible neuroprotective role of (RS)-glucoraphanin, bioactivated with myrosinase enzyme (bioactive RS-GRA), in an experimental rat model of brain ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R). RS-GRA is a thiosaccharidic compound found in Brassicaceae, notably in Tuscan black kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala sabellica). The mechanism underlying the inhibitory effects of bioactive RS-GRA on inflammatory and apoptotic responses, induced by carotid artery occlusion in rats, was carefully examined. Cerebral I/R was induced by the clamping of carotid artery for 1h, followed by 40 min of reperfusion through the release of clamp. Our results have clearly shown that administration of bioactive RS-GRA (10 mg/kg, i.p.) 15 min after ischemia, significantly reduces proinflammatory parameters, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase expression (iNOS), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), nuclear factor (NF)-kB traslocation as well as the triggering of the apoptotic pathway (TUNEL and Caspase 3 expression). Taken together our data have shown that bioactive RS-GRA possesses beneficial neuroprotective effects in counteracting the brain damage associated to I/R. Therefore, bioactive RS-GRA, could be a useful treatment in the cerebral ischemic stroke.
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Novel gram-scale production of enantiopure R-sulforaphane from Tuscan black kale seeds. Molecules 2014; 19:6975-86. [PMID: 24871574 PMCID: PMC6270725 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19066975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary R-sulforaphane is a highly potent inducer of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway. Furthermore, sulforaphane is currently being used in clinical trials to assess its effects against different tumour processes. This study reports an efficient preparation of enantiopure R-sulforaphane based on the enzymatic hydrolysis of its natural precursor glucoraphanin. As an alternative to broccoli seeds, we have exploited Tuscan black kale seeds as a suitable source for gram-scale production of glucoraphanin. The defatted seed meal contained 5.1% (w/w) of glucoraphanin that was first isolated through an anion exchange chromatographic process, and then purified by gel filtration. The availability of glucoraphanin (purity ≈ 95%, weight basis) has allowed us to develop a novel simple hydrolytic process involving myrosinase (EC 3.2.1.147) in a biphasic system to directly produce R-sulforaphane. In a typical experiment, 1.09 g of enantiopure R-sulforaphane was obtained from 150 g of defatted Tuscan black kale seed meal.
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Galuppo M, Giacoppo S, De Nicola GR, Iori R, Navarra M, Lombardo GE, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Antiinflammatory activity of glucomoringin isothiocyanate in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Fitoterapia 2014; 95:160-74. [PMID: 24685508 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glucomoringin (4(α-L-rhamnosyloxy)-benzyl glucosinolate) (GMG) is an uncommon member of glucosinolate group belonging to the Moringaceae family, of which Moringa oleifera Lam. is the most widely distributed. Bioactivation of GMG with the enzyme myrosinase forms the corresponding isothiocyanate (4(α-L-rhamnosyloxy)-benzyl isothiocyanate) (GMG-ITC), which can play a key role in antitumoral activity and counteract the inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of GMG-ITC treatment in an experimental mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS), an inflammatory demyelinating disease with neurodegeneration characterized by demyelinating plaques, neuronal, and axonal loss. For this reason, C57Bl/6 male mice were injected with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein35-55 which is able to evoke an autoimmune response against myelin fibers miming human multiple sclerosis physiopatogenesis. Results clearly showed that the treatment was able to counteract the inflammatory cascade that underlies the processes leading to severe MS. In particular, GMG-ITC was effective against proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Oxidative species generation including the influence of iNOS, nitrotyrosine tissue expression and cell apoptotic death pathway was also evaluated resulting in a lower Bax/Bcl-2 unbalance. Taken together, this work adds new interesting properties and applicability of GMG-ITC and this compound can be suggested as a useful drug for the treatment or prevention of MS, at least in association with current conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Galuppo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Sabrina Giacoppo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Gina Rosalinda De Nicola
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Centro di Ricerca per le Colture Industriali (CRA-CIN), Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Renato Iori
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Centro di Ricerca per le Colture Industriali (CRA-CIN), Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Navarra
- Università degli Studi di Messina, Facoltà di Farmacia, Dipartimento di Scienze del farmaco e dei Prodotti per la Salute, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Enrico Lombardo
- Università degli Studi di Messina, Facoltà di Farmacia, Dipartimento di Scienze del farmaco e dei Prodotti per la Salute, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Placido Bramanti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", Via Provinciale Palermo, contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy.
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Galuppo M, De Nicola GR, Iori R, Dell’Utri P, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Antibacterial activity of glucomoringin bioactivated with myrosinase against two important pathogens affecting the health of long-term patients in hospitals. Molecules 2013; 18:14340-8. [PMID: 24264136 PMCID: PMC6270176 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181114340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GLs) are natural compounds present in species of the order Brassicales and precursors of bioactive isothiocyanates (ITCs). In the recent years, they have been studied mainly for their chemopreventive as well as novel chemotherapeutics properties. Among them 4-(α-L-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl glucosinolate (glucomoringin; GMG), purified from seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam., a plant belonging to the Moringaceae family, represents an uncommon member of the GL family with peculiar characteristics. This short communication reports new evidences about the properties of GMG and presents a new innovative utilization of the molecule. The bioactivation of GMG by myrosinase enzyme just before treatment, permits to maximize the power of the final product of the reaction, which is the 4-(α-L-rhamnosyloxy)benzyl isothiocyanate (GMG-ITC). We tested the antibiotic activity of this latter compound on two strains of pathogens affecting the health of patients in hospital, namely Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus casseliflavus, and on the yeast Candida albicans. Results show that the sensibility of S. aureus BAA-977 strain and E. casseliflavus to GMG-ITC treatment reveals an important possible application of this molecule in the clinical care of patients, more and more often resistant to traditional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Galuppo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, S.S.113, Contrada Casazza, Messina 98124, Italy; E-Mails: (M.G.); (P.D.); (P.B.)
| | - Gina Rosalinda De Nicola
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Centro di Ricerca per le Colture Industriali (CRA-CIN), Via Di Corticella 133, Bologna 40128, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Renato Iori
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Centro di Ricerca per le Colture Industriali (CRA-CIN), Via Di Corticella 133, Bologna 40128, Italy; E-Mail:
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (R.I.); or (E.M.); Tel.: +39-051-631-6849 (R.I.); Fax: +39-051-374-857 (R.I.); Tel.: +39-090-6012-8708 (E.M.); Fax: +39-090-6012-8850 (E.M.)
| | - Pia Dell’Utri
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, S.S.113, Contrada Casazza, Messina 98124, Italy; E-Mails: (M.G.); (P.D.); (P.B.)
| | - Placido Bramanti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, S.S.113, Contrada Casazza, Messina 98124, Italy; E-Mails: (M.G.); (P.D.); (P.B.)
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, S.S.113, Contrada Casazza, Messina 98124, Italy; E-Mails: (M.G.); (P.D.); (P.B.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (R.I.); or (E.M.); Tel.: +39-051-631-6849 (R.I.); Fax: +39-051-374-857 (R.I.); Tel.: +39-090-6012-8708 (E.M.); Fax: +39-090-6012-8850 (E.M.)
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Galuppo M, Giacoppo S, De Nicola GR, Iori R, Mazzon E, Bramanti P. RS-Glucoraphanin bioactivated with myrosinase treatment counteracts proinflammatory cascade and apoptosis associated to spinal cord injury in an experimental mouse model. J Neurol Sci 2013; 334:88-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.07.2514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Galuppo M, Iori R, De Nicola GR, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of (RS)-glucoraphanin bioactivated with myrosinase in murine sub-acute and acute MPTP-induced Parkinson’s disease. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:5532-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Foti Cuzzola V, Galuppo M, Iori R, De Nicola GR, Cassata G, Giacoppo S, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Beneficial effects of (RS)-glucoraphanin on the tight junction dysfunction in a mouse model of restraint stress. Life Sci 2013; 93:288-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Giacoppo S, Galuppo M, Iori R, De Nicola GR, Cassata G, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Protective role of (RS )-glucoraphanin bioactivated with myrosinase in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis. CNS Neurosci Ther 2013; 19:577-84. [PMID: 23638842 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The discovery of new natural compounds with pharmacological properties is a field of interest widely growing. Recent literature shows that Brassica vegetables (Cruciferae) possess therapeutic effects particularly ascribed due to their content in glucosinolates, which upon myrosinase hydrolysis release the corresponding isothiocyanates. This study examines the potential neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects of (RS )-glucoraphanin from Tuscan black kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala sabellica) bioactivated with myrosinase (bioactive RS -GRA) (10 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally), in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of multiple sclerosis. METHODS EAE was induced by immunization with myelin oligodendroglial glycoprotein peptide (MOG35-55 ) in mice. After immunization, mice were observed daily for signs of EAE and weight loss. Clinical score was evaluated using a standardized scoring system. RESULTS By Western blot analysis of spinal cord tissues, we have demonstrated that treatment with bioactive RS -GRA significantly decreased nuclear factor (NF)-kB translocation, pro-inflammatory cytokine production such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and apoptosis (Bax and caspase 3 expression). CONCLUSION Our results clearly demonstrate that bioactive RS -GRA treatment may represent a useful therapeutic perspective in the treatment of this disease.
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Protective effect of Tuscan black cabbage sprout extract against serum lipid increase and perturbations of liver antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes in rats fed a high-fat diet. Br J Nutr 2013; 110:988-97. [PMID: 23433361 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513000068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A diet rich in fat is considered a primary risk factor for CVD, cancer and failures in metabolism and endocrine functions. Hyperlipidaemia generates oxidative stress and weakens antioxidant defences as well as metabolic detoxification systems. Brassicaceae are vegetables rich in glucosinolates and isothiocyanates, affecting enzymatic antioxidant as well as phase II enzymes and conceivably counteracting high-fat diet (HFD)-associated pathologies. The protective role of Tuscan black cabbage (a variety of kale) sprout extract (TBCSE) intake against HFD alterations was here studied. The effects on rat hepatic antioxidant as well as detoxifying enzymes, and serum lipid- and body weightlowering properties of TBCSE, were investigated. Feeding the animals with a HFD for 21 d increased body as well as liver weights, and induced hyperlipidaemia, as confirmed by a higher serum lipid profile v. control diet. Daily intragastric administration of TBCSE to HFD-fed rats lowered serum total cholesterol, TAG and NEFA. Body and liver weight gains were also reduced. Antioxidant (catalase, NAD(P)H:quinone reductase, oxidised glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase) and phase II (glutathione S-transferase and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase) enzymes were down-regulated by the HFD, while the extract restored normal levels in most groups. Generation of toxic intermediates, and membrane fatty acid composition changes by the HFD, might account for the altered hepatic antioxidant and detoxifying enzyme functions. The recovering effects of TBCSE could be attributed to high flavonoid, phenolic and organosulphur compound content, which possess free-radical-scavenging properties, enhance the antioxidant status and stimulate lipid catabolism. TBCSE intake emerges to be an effective alimentary strategy to counteract the perturbations associated with a diet rich in fat.
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Kim YC, Jahren N, Stone MD, Udeshi ND, Markowski TW, Witthuhn BA, Shabanowitz J, Hunt DF, Olszewski NE. Identification and origin of N-linked β-D-N-acetylglucosamine monosaccharide modifications on Arabidopsis proteins. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 161:455-64. [PMID: 23144189 PMCID: PMC3532274 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.208900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Many plant proteins are modified with N-linked oligosaccharides at asparagine-X-serine/threonine sites during transit through the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi. We have identified a number of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) proteins with modifications consisting of an N-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine monosaccharide (N-GlcNAc). Electron transfer dissociation mass spectrometry analysis of peptides bearing this modification mapped the modification to asparagine-X-serine/threonine sites on proteins that are predicted to transit through the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. A mass labeling method was developed and used to study N-GlcNAc modification of two thioglucoside glucohydrolases (myrosinases), TGG1 and TGG2 (for thioglucoside glucohydrolase). These myrosinases are also modified with high-mannose (Man)-type glycans. We found that N-GlcNAc and high-Man-type glycans can occur at the same site. It has been hypothesized that N-GlcNAc modifications are generated when endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ENGase) cleaves N-linked glycans. We examined the effects of mutations affecting the two known Arabidopsis ENGases on N-GlcNAc modification of myrosinase and found that modification of TGG2 was greatly reduced in one of the single mutants and absent in the double mutant. Surprisingly, N-GlcNAc modification of TGG1 was not affected in any of the mutants. These data support the hypothesis that ENGases hydrolyze high-Man glycans to produce some of the N-GlcNAc modifications but also suggest that some N-GlcNAc modifications are generated by another mechanism. Since N-GlcNAc modification was detected at only one site on each myrosinase, the production of the N-GlcNAc modification may be regulated.
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Melega S, Canistro D, Pagnotta E, Iori R, Sapone A, Paolini M. Effect of sprout extract from Tuscan black cabbage on xenobiotic-metabolizing and antioxidant enzymes in rat liver. Mutat Res 2012. [PMID: 23183052 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, health protection by natural products has received considerable attention, and a multitude of nutraceuticals have been characterized and their use promoted. Dietary consumption of Cruciferous vegetables, rich in glucosinolates (GLs), and their myrosinase-mediated hydrolysis products isothiocyanates (ITCs), were associated with reductions in cancer risk. In this study, the chemo-preventive potential of sprout extract of Tuscan black cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala subvar. Laciniata L.) (TBCSE), through modulation of the xenobiotic-metabolizing apparatus and antioxidant defenses, was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rat liver. TBCSE was administered either orally or intraperitoneally, at a dose of 15mg/kg b.w., daily for twenty-one consecutive days, in the absence or presence of exogenous myrosinase, β-thioglucoside glucohydrolase (MYR), to distinguish the effects of intact GLs and ITCs, in the context of the extract. A complex, mild modulation pattern of P450-related monooxygenases was observed, mainly regarding CYP content (up to 36% loss), NADPH cytochrome (P450) c-reductase (up to 26% loss), CYP1A1 (up to 23% loss), but no evident distinctions among the effects of the extracts containing GLs or ITCs, were noted. In contrast, significant inductions of phase-II enzymes (up to 107% for UDP-glucuronosyl-transferase, and up to 36% for glutathione S-transferase) were recorded only where the GLs to ITCs conversion had occurred. A boosting effect on catalase (up to 38%), NAD(P)H:quinone reductase (up to 70%), glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase (up to 10%) was also recorded, suggesting an indirect antioxidant capacity of the extracts. Overall, the general phase-I inhibition, together with the up-regulation of detoxifying phase-II and antioxidant enzymes, exerted by the TBCSE supplementation, seem to be in line with the classical chemopreventive theory, but whether the addition of exogenous MYR is relevant, still remains to be clarified. These results are in support of the potential health-promoting application of TBCSE, as a nutraceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Melega
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Molecular Toxicology Unit, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Zhang Y. The 1,2-benzenedithiole-based cyclocondensation assay: a valuable tool for the measurement of chemopreventive isothiocyanates. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2012; 52:525-32. [PMID: 22452732 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2010.503288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Many naturally occurring isothiocyanates (ITCs) show highly promising chemopreventive activities. Humans are commonly exposed to these compounds through the consumption of cruciferous vegetables which are the main source of dietary ITCs. Dietary ITCs may play an important role in cancer prevention and in the well-recognized cancer preventive activities of cruciferous vegetables. A generic analytical method, namely the 1,2-benzenedithiol-based cyclocondensation assay, was previously developed for quantitation of ITCs and their in vivo metabolites. This method has been widely used and has contributed greatly to research on chemoprevention by ITCs. In this article, the discovery and development of the cyclocondensation assay are recapitulated, and its sensitivity and specificity as well as its advantages and limitations are scrutinized. Moreover, detailed discussion is also provided to show how this assay has been used to advance our understanding of the cancer chemopreventive potential and the mechanism of action of ITCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuesheng Zhang
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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Zanichelli F, Capasso S, Cipollaro M, Pagnotta E, Cartenì M, Casale F, Iori R, Galderisi U. Dose-dependent effects of R-sulforaphane isothiocyanate on the biology of human mesenchymal stem cells, at dietary amounts, it promotes cell proliferation and reduces senescence and apoptosis, while at anti-cancer drug doses, it has a cytotoxic effect. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 34:281-93. [PMID: 21465338 PMCID: PMC3312628 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Brassica vegetables are attracting a great deal of attention as healthy foods because of the fact that they contain substantial amounts of secondary metabolite glucosinolates that are converted into isothiocyanates, such as sulforaphane [(-)1-isothiocyanato-4R-(methylsulfinyl)-butane] (R-SFN), through the actions of chopping or chewing the vegetables. Several studies have analyzed the biological and molecular mechanisms of the anti-cancer activity of synthetic R,S-sulforaphane, which is thought to be a result of its antioxidant properties and its ability to inhibit histone deacetylase enzymes (HDAC). Few studies have addressed the possible antioxidant effects of R-SFN, which could protect cells from the free radical damage that strongly contribute to aging. Moreover, little is known about the effect of R-SFN on stem cells whose longevity is implicated in human aging. We evaluated the effects of R-SFN on the biology on human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which, in addition to their ability to differentiate into mesenchymal tissues, support hematopoiesis, and contribute to the homeostatic maintenance of many organs and tissues. Our investigation found evidence that low doses of R-SFN promote MSCs proliferation and protect them from apoptosis and senescence, while higher doses have a cytotoxic effect, leading to the induction of cell cycle arrest, programmed cell death and senescence. The beneficial effects of R-SFN may be ascribed to its antioxidant properties, which were observed when MSC cultures were incubated with low doses of R-SFN. Its cytotoxic effects, which were observed after treating MSCs with high doses of R-SFN, could be attributed to its HDAC inhibitory activity. In summary, we found that R-SFN, like many other dietary supplements, exhibits a hormetic behavior; it is able to induce biologically opposite effects at different doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvia Zanichelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, Second University of Naples, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Capasso
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, Second University of Naples, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Marilena Cipollaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, Second University of Naples, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Eleonora Pagnotta
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura (C.R.A.), Industrial Crop Research Centre, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Cartenì
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, Second University of Naples, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Fiorina Casale
- Department of Pediatrics “F. Fede”, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Renato Iori
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura (C.R.A.), Industrial Crop Research Centre, Bologna, Italy
| | - Umberto Galderisi
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA USA
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Section, Second University of Naples, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Human Health Foundation, Spoleto, Italy
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De Nicola GR, Nyegue M, Montaut S, Iori R, Menut C, Tatibouët A, Rollin P, Ndoyé C, Zollo PHA. Profile and quantification of glucosinolates in Pentadiplandra brazzeana Baillon. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 73:51-56. [PMID: 21993210 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GLs) present in root, seed, and leaf extracts of Pentadiplandra brazzeana Baillon were characterized and quantified according to the ISO 9167-1 method based on the HPLC analysis of desulfo-GLs. The analyses were complemented by GC-MS analyses of the isothiocyanates (ITCs) generated from GL degradation by myrosinase. Glucotropaeolin (1a), glucolimnanthin (2a), and glucoaubrietin (3a) were shown to be present in the root extract, whereas the seed mainly contained 3a. 3,4-Dimethoxybenzyl GL (4a), glucobrassicin (5a) and traces of 1a were detected in the leaf extract. The products were fully characterized as their desulfo-counterparts by spectroscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina R De Nicola
- Agricultural Research Council - Industrial Crop Research Centre, Via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
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Abdull Razis AF, De Nicola GR, Pagnotta E, Iori R, Ioannides C. 4-Methylsulfanyl-3-butenyl isothiocyanate derived from glucoraphasatin is a potent inducer of rat hepatic phase II enzymes and a potential chemopreventive agent. Arch Toxicol 2011; 86:183-94. [PMID: 21960141 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-011-0750-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to establish whether the phytochemical glucoraphasatin, a glucosinolate present in cruciferous vegetables, and its corresponding isothiocyanate, 4-methylsulfanyl-3-butenyl isothiocyanate, up-regulate enzymes involved in the detoxification of carcinogens and are thus potential chemopreventive agents. Glucoraphasatin and myrosinase were isolated and purified from Daikon sprouts and Sinapis alba L., respectively. Glucoraphasatin (0-10 μM) was incubated for 24 h with precision-cut rat liver slices in the presence and absence of myrosinase, the enzyme that converts the glucosinolate to the isothiocyanate. The intact glucosinolate failed to influence the O-dealkylations of methoxy- and ethoxyresorufin or the apoprotein expression of CYP1 enzymes. Supplementation with myrosinase led to an increase in the dealkylation of methoxyresorufin, but only at the highest concentration of the glucosinolate, and CYP1A2 expression. In the absence of myrosinase, glucoraphasatin caused a marked increase in epoxide hydrolase activity at concentrations as low as 1 μM paralleled by a rise in the enzyme protein expression; at the highest concentration only, a rise was also observed in glucuronosyl transferase activity, but other phase II enzyme systems were unaffected. Addition of myrosinase to the glucoraphasatin incubation maintained the rise in epoxide hydrolase and glucuronosyl transferase activities, further elevated quinone reductase and glutathione S-transferase activities, and increased total glutathione concentrations. It is concluded that at low concentrations, glucoraphasatin, either intact and/or through the formation of 4-methylsulfanyl-3-butenyl isothiocyanate, is a potent inducer of hepatic enzymes involved in the detoxification of chemical carcinogens and merits further investigation for chemopreventive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Faizal Abdull Razis
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
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Abdull Razis AF, Bagatta M, De Nicola GR, Iori R, Ioannides C. Up-regulation of cytochrome P450 and phase II enzyme systems in rat precision-cut rat lung slices by the intact glucosinolates, glucoraphanin and glucoerucin. Lung Cancer 2011; 71:298-305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2010.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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48
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Haack M, Löwinger M, Lippmann D, Kipp A, Pagnotta E, Iori R, Monien BH, Glatt H, Brauer MN, Wessjohann LA, Brigelius-Flohé R. Breakdown products of neoglucobrassicin inhibit activation of Nrf2 target genes mediated by myrosinase-derived glucoraphanin hydrolysis products. Biol Chem 2011; 391:1281-93. [PMID: 20868228 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2010.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GLSs) present in Brassica vegetables serve as precursors for biologically active metabolites, which are released by myrosinase and induce phase 2 enzymes via the activation of Nrf2. Thus, GLSs are generally considered beneficial. The pattern of GLSs in plants is various, and contents of individual GLSs change with growth phase and culture conditions. Whereas some GLSs, for example, glucoraphanin (GRA), the precursor of sulforaphane (SFN), are intensively studied, functions of others such as the indole GLS neoglucobrassicin (nGBS) are rather unknown as are functions of combinations thereof. We therefore investigated myrosinase-treated GRA, nGBS and synthetic SFN for their ability to induce NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) as typical phase 2 enzyme, and glutathione peroxidase 2 (GPx2) as novel Nrf2 target in HepG2 cells. Breakdown products of nGBS potently inhibit both GRA-mediated stimulation of NQO1 enzyme and Gpx2 promoter activity. Inhibition of promoter activity depends on the presence of an intact xenobiotic responsive element (XRE) and is also observed with benzo[a]pyrene, a typical ligand of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), suggesting that suppressive effects of nGBS are mediated via AhR/XRE pathway. Thus, the AhR/XRE pathway can negatively interfere with the Nrf2/ARE pathway which has consequences for dietary recommendations and, therefore, needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Haack
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Department Biochemistry of Micronutrients, Nuthetal, Germany
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Baasanjav-Gerber C, Monien BH, Mewis I, Schreiner M, Barillari J, Iori R, Glatt H. Identification of glucosinolate congeners able to form DNA adducts and to induce mutations upon activation by myrosinase. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55:783-92. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201000352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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Baasanjav-Gerber C, Hollnagel HM, Brauchmann J, Iori R, Glatt H. Detection of genotoxicants in Brassicales using endogenous DNA as a surrogate target and adducts determined by 32P-postlabelling as an experimental end point. Mutagenesis 2010; 26:407-13. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geq108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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