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Kim YH, Kim YC. Development of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma in a twenty-year-old skin graft site on the scalp: A case report. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2023; 0:1-2. [PMID: 38031680 DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_518_2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y H Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University Hospital, World Cup-ro, Suwon, Korea
| | - Y C Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University Hospital, World Cup-ro, Suwon, Korea
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Lee KC, Kim YC, Kim JK, Lee H, Lee JH. Regulation of Flowering Time and Other Developmental Plasticities by 3' Splicing Factor-Mediated Alternative Splicing in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3508. [PMID: 37836248 PMCID: PMC10575287 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants, as sessile organisms, show a high degree of plasticity in their growth and development and have various strategies to cope with these alterations under continuously changing environments and unfavorable stress conditions. In particular, the floral transition from the vegetative and reproductive phases in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) is one of the most important developmental changes in plants. In addition, meristem regions, such as the SAM and root apical meristem (RAM), which continually generate new lateral organs throughout the plant life cycle, are important sites for developmental plasticity. Recent findings have shown that the prevailing type of alternative splicing (AS) in plants is intron retention (IR) unlike in animals; thus, AS is an important regulatory mechanism conferring plasticity for plant growth and development under various environmental conditions. Although eukaryotes exhibit some similarities in the composition and dynamics of their splicing machinery, plants have differences in the 3' splicing characteristics governing AS. Here, we summarize recent findings on the roles of 3' splicing factors and their interacting partners in regulating the flowering time and other developmental plasticities in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keh Chien Lee
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Young-Cheon Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jeong-Kook Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - Horim Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 03169, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea;
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Pathak P, Fasano J, Kim YC, Song SE, Cho HJ. Design and Fabrication of Micro Saw Enabling Root-Side Cutting of Bone. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:856. [PMID: 37421089 DOI: 10.3390/mi14040856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel micro saw was fabricated using a combination of photolithography and electroplating techniques, resembling a miniature timing belt with sideways blades. The rotation or oscillation direction of the micro saw is designed to be perpendicular to the cutting direction so that transverse cutting of the bone is attainable to extract a preoperatively planned bone-cartilage donor for osteochondral auto-graft transplantation. The mechanical property of the fabricated micro saw obtained using the nanoindentation test shows that the mechanical properties of the micro saw are almost an order of magnitude higher than bone, which indicates its potential bone-cutting application. To demonstrate the cutting capability of the fabricated micro saw, an in vitro animal bone cutting was performed using a custom test rig consisting of a microcontroller, 3D printer, and other readily available parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Pathak
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Jack Fasano
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Young-Cheon Kim
- Research Center for Energy and Clean Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Song
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Hyoung Jin Cho
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
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Jeong YJ, Kim YC, Lee JS, Kim DG, Lee JH. Reduced Expression of PRX2/ ATPRX1, PRX8, PRX35, and PRX73 Affects Cell Elongation, Vegetative Growth, and Vasculature Structures in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:3353. [PMID: 36501391 PMCID: PMC9740967 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Class III peroxidases (PRXs) are involved in a broad spectrum of physiological and developmental processes throughout the life cycle of plants. However, the specific function of each PRX member in the family remains largely unknown. In this study, we selected four class III peroxidase genes (PRX2/ATPRX1, PRX8, PRX35, and PRX73) from a previous genome-wide transcriptome analysis, and performed phenotypic and morphological analyses, including histochemical staining, in PRX2RNAi, PRX8RNAi, PRX35RNAi, and PRX73RNAi plants. The reduced mRNA levels of corresponding PRX genes in PRX2RNAi, PRX8RNAi, PRX35RNAi, and PRX73RNAi seedlings resulted in elongated hypocotyls and roots, and slightly faster vegetative growth. To investigate internal structural changes in the vasculature, we performed histochemical staining, which revealed alterations in cell wall structures in the main vasculature of hypocotyls, stems, and roots of each PRXRNAi plant compared to wild-type (Col-0) plants. Furthermore, we found that PRX35RNAi plants displayed the decrease in the cell wall in vascular regions, which are involved in downregulation of lignin biosynthesis and biosynthesis-regulated genes' expression. Taken together, these results indicated that the reduced expression levels of PRX2/ATPRX1, PRX8, PRX35, and PRX73 affected hypocotyl and root elongation, vegetative growth, and the vasculature structures in hypocotyl, stem, and root tissues, suggesting that the four class III PRX genes play roles in plant developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jeong Jeong
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Cheon Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - June Seung Lee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gwan Kim
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
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Lee KC, Lee HT, Jeong HH, Park JH, Kim YC, Lee JH, Kim JK. Correction to: The splicing factor 1-FLOWERING LOCUS M module spatially regulates temperature-dependent flowering by modulating FLOWERING LOCUS T and LEAFY expression. Plant Cell Rep 2022; 41:2423. [PMID: 36326851 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02946-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keh Chien Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Tae Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Hyun Jeong
- Division of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeok Park
- Division of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Cheon Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Kook Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Kim AL, Yun YJ, Choi HW, Hong CH, Shim HJ, Lee JH, Kim YC. Profiling Cannabinoid Contents and Expression Levels of Corresponding Biosynthetic Genes in Commercial Cannabis ( Cannabis sativa L.) Cultivars. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:plants11223088. [PMID: 36432817 PMCID: PMC9697443 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) is widely cultivated and studied for its psychoactive and medicinal properties. As the major cannabinoids are present in acidic forms in Cannabis plants, non-enzymatic processes, such as decarboxylation, are crucial for their conversion to neutral active cannabinoid forms. Herein, we detected the levels of cannabidivarin (CBDV), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabichromene (CBC), and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) in the leaves and vegetative shoots of five commercial Cannabis cultivars using a combination of relatively simple extraction, decarboxylation, and high-performance liquid chromatography analyses. The CBDV, CBC, and Δ9-THC levels were 6.3-114.9, 34.4-187.2, and 57.6-407.4 μg/g, respectively, and the CBD levels were the highest, ranging between 1.2-8.9 μg/g in leaf and vegetative shoot tissues of Cannabis cultivars. Additionally, correlations were observed between cannabinoid accumulation and transcription levels of genes encoding key enzymes for cannabinoid biosynthesis, including CsCBGAS, CsCBDAS, CsCBCAS, and CsTHCAS. These data suggest that the high accumulation of cannabinoids, such as CBC, Δ9-THC, and CBD, might be derived from the transcriptional regulation of CsCBGAS and CsCBDAS in Cannabis plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ae Lim Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Young Jae Yun
- Division of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Hyong Woo Choi
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, 1375 Gyeongdong-ro, Andong-si 39729, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Hong
- LED Agri-Bio Fusion Technology Research Center, Jeonbuk National University Specialized Campus, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan 54596, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Shim
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Young-Cheon Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
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Lee KC, Lee HT, Jeong HH, Park JH, Kim YC, Lee JH, Kim JK. The splicing factor 1-FLOWERING LOCUS M module spatially regulates temperature-dependent flowering by modulating FLOWERING LOCUS T and LEAFY expression. Plant Cell Rep 2022; 41:1603-1612. [PMID: 35589978 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02881-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The AtSF1-FLM module spatially controls temperature-dependent flowering by negatively regulating the expression of FT and LFY in the leaf and shoot apex, respectively. Alternative splicing mediated by various splicing factors is important for the regulation of plant growth and development. Our recent reports have shown that a temperature-dependent interaction between Arabidopsis thaliana splicing factor 1 (AtSF1) and FLOWERING LOCUS M (FLM) pre-mRNA introns controls the differential production of FLM-β transcripts at different temperatures, eventually resulting in temperature-responsive flowering. However, the molecular and genetic interactions between the AtSF1-FLM module and floral activator genes remain unknown. Here, we aimed to identify the interactions among AtSF1, FLM, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), and LEAFY (LFY) by performing molecular and genetic analyses. FT and TWIN SISTER OF FT (TSF) expression in atsf1-2 mutants significantly increased in the morning and middle of the night at 16 and 23 °C, respectively, under long-day conditions. In addition, ft mutation suppressed the early flowering of atsf1-2 and atsf1-2 flm-3 mutants and masked the temperature response of atsf1-2 flm-3 mutants, suggesting that FT is a downstream target gene of the AtSF1-FLM module. LFY expression significantly increased in the diurnal samples of atsf1-2 mutants and in the shoot apex regions of atsf1-2 ft-10 mutants at different temperatures. The chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay revealed that FLM directly binds to the genomic regions of LFY but not of APETALA1 (AP1). Moreover, lfy mutation suppressed the early flowering of flm-3 mutants, suggesting that LFY is another target of the AtSF1-FLM module. Our results reveal that the AtSF1-FLM module spatially modulates temperature-dependent flowering by regulating FT and LFY expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keh Chien Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Tae Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Hyun Jeong
- Division of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeok Park
- Division of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Cheon Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Kook Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Peterson C, Kim YC, Ensign LM, Jun AS, Foster J. Induction of the integrated stress response in the rat cornea. Exp Eye Res 2021; 210:108722. [PMID: 34370978 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Keratoconus (KC), a progressive, degenerative corneal disease, represents the second leading indication for corneal transplantation globally. We have previously demonstrated that components of the Integrated Stress Response (ISR) are upregulated in human keratoconic donor tissue, and treatment of normal tissue with ISR agonists attenuates collagen production. With no consistently accepted animal models available for translational KC research, we sought to establish an in vivo model based on ISR activation to elucidate its role in the development of the KC phenotype. Four-week-old female SD rats were treated with topical SAL003 formulated as a nanosuspension or vehicle every 48 h for four doses. Animals were subject to monitoring for ocular inflammation and discomfort before being euthanized at 1, 14, or 28 days after treatment was withdrawn. Schirmer's tear test, intraocular pressure, and body weight measurements were obtained at baseline and prior to euthanasia. Globes were subject to routine histopathology, immunohistochemistry for ATF4, and qPCR for Col1a1 expression. ANOVAs and Student's t tests were used to assess statistical significance (α = 0.05). SAL003 treatment did not produce any adverse ocular or systemic phenotype but did result in decreased keratocyte density. Col1a1 transcripts were reduced, corresponding to nuclear ATF4 expression within the axial cornea. In vivo topical treatment with a gel-formulated ISR agonist recapitulates key features of the activated ISR including nuclear ATF4 expression and decreased extracellular matrix (ECM) production. Exogenous ISR agonists may present one approach to establishing a rodent model for keratoconus, a charge essential for future evaluations of pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Peterson
- Department of Molecular & Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Y C Kim
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L M Ensign
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A S Jun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Foster
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Kim YC, Kang Y, Yang EY, Cho MC, Schafleitner R, Lee JH, Jang S. Applications and Major Achievements of Genome Editing in Vegetable Crops: A Review. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:688980. [PMID: 34178006 PMCID: PMC8231707 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.688980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of genome-editing technology has allowed manipulation of DNA sequences in genomes to precisely remove or replace specific sequences in organisms resulting in targeted mutations. In plants, genome editing is an attractive method to alter gene functions to generate improved crop varieties. Genome editing is thought to be simple to use and has a lower risk of off-target effects compared to classical mutation breeding. Furthermore, genome-editing technology tools can also be applied directly to crops that contain complex genomes and/or are not easily bred using traditional methods. Currently, highly versatile genome-editing tools for precise and predictable editing of almost any locus in the plant genome make it possible to extend the range of application, including functional genomics research and molecular crop breeding. Vegetables are essential nutrient sources for humans and provide vitamins, minerals, and fiber to diets, thereby contributing to human health. In this review, we provide an overview of the brief history of genome-editing technologies and the components of genome-editing tool boxes, and illustrate basic modes of operation in representative systems. We describe the current and potential practical application of genome editing for the development of improved nutritious vegetables and present several case studies demonstrating the potential of the technology. Finally, we highlight future directions and challenges in applying genome-editing systems to vegetable crops for research and product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Cheon Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Yeeun Kang
- World Vegetable Center Korea Office, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Eun-Young Yang
- National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Myeong-Cheoul Cho
- National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | | | - Jeong Hwan Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Seonghoe Jang
- World Vegetable Center Korea Office, Wanju-gun, South Korea
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Kim JC, Kim YC, Choi JW. Use of hydrochlorothiazide and risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer in Koreans: a retrospective cohort study using administrative healthcare data. Clin Exp Dermatol 2021; 46:680-686. [PMID: 33215728 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of skin cancer is increasing because of the ageing population and ultraviolet exposure, and previous studies have revealed that long-term use of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), an antihypertensive agent, has been associated with an increased risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC). However, the association of NMSC and HCTZ within East Asian populations is unclear. AIM To investigate the risk of NMSC in Korean subjects using HCTZ. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the administrative healthcare data. The study enrolled 62 243 patients exposed to HCTZ with a cumulative dose of ≥ 2500 mg and 62 243 unexposed subjects matched 1 : 1 with the patients for age, sex and income level. RESULTS There was a significant difference in the cumulative incidence of NMSC between the two groups (log-rank P < 0.01). Cox regression analysis was conducted after adjusting for potential confounders, and showed the risk for NMSC in the group exposed to HCTZ was significantly higher than that of the unexposed group (hazard ratio = 1.48; 95% CI 1.03-2.13). In the subgroup analysis, the oldest age group (≥ 70 years) showed increased cumulative incidence of NMSC with statistical significance compared with the unexposed control group (log-rank P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS In this study, we revealed that the cumulative use of HCTZ (≥ 2500 mg) could increase the risk of NMSC in Koreans, especially the older age group. Thus, HCTZ could be a risk factor for NMSC in East Asian as well as white populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Y C Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - J W Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Kim YC, Choi D, Cha A, Lee YG, Baek NI, Rimal S, Sang J, Lee Y, Lee S. Critical enzymes for biosynthesis of cucurbitacin derivatives in watermelon and their biological significance. Commun Biol 2020; 3:444. [PMID: 32796947 PMCID: PMC7429850 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Various cucurbitacins have been isolated, and their structures have been elucidated. Owing to their economic potential and importance as active pharmacological compounds, their cytotoxicity in various cancer cells has been assessed. Here, we mined several candidate genes with potential involvement in cucurbitacin biosynthesis in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) and performed in vitro enzymatic assays and instrumental analyses using various substrates to identify cucurbitacin functions and products. Enzymatic activities of two acetyltransferases (ACTs) and one UDP-glucosyltransferase (UGT) against cucurbitacins were confirmed, resulting in the synthesis of novel cucurbitacins in vivo and/or in vitro to our knowledge. As ACTs and UGT are involved in the dynamic conversion of cucurbitacins by catalyzing acetylation and glucosylation at moieties in the cucurbitacins skeleton, these findings improve our knowledge on how these genes contribute to the diversity of cucurbitacins. Kim et al. use RNAseq of two watermelons to select candidate genes coding for enzymes that catalyze modifications of cucurbitacins. They characterise four of the 16 candidate enzymes (3 different acetyltransferases and one UDP-glucosyltransferase) by HPLC, LC-MS, NMR, and in vitro enzymatic assay. They further show with in vivo assay in Drosophila, that acetylation of cucurbitacin increases neuronal activity in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Cheon Kim
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Korea
| | - Daeun Choi
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Korea
| | - Ahra Cha
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Korea
| | - Yeong-Geun Lee
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Korea
| | - Nam-In Baek
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Korea
| | - Suman Rimal
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21PLUS Project, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Korea
| | - Jiun Sang
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21PLUS Project, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Korea
| | - Youngseok Lee
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21PLUS Project, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Korea
| | - Sanghyeob Lee
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Korea. .,Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Korea.
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Abstract
We studied a method of measuring upper critical field (Hc2) of a superconductor based on a width of ΔH = ΔB region, which appears in a superconductor that volume defects are many and dominant. Here we show basic concepts and details of the method. Although Hc2 of a superconductor is fixed according to a kind of superconductor, it is difficult to measure Hc2 experimentally. Thus, results are different depending on experimental conditions. Hc2 was otained by a theory on a width of ΔH = ΔB region, which is that pinned fluxes at volume defects are picked out and move into an inside of the superconductor when the distance between pinned fluxes is the same as that at Hc2 of the superconductor. Hc2 of MgB2 obtained by the method was 65.4 Tesla at 0 K, which is quite same as that of Ginzburg-Landau theory. The reason that Hc2 obtained by the method is closer to ultimate Hc2 is based on that Fpinning/Fpickout is more than 4 when pinned fluxes at volume defects of 163 nm radius are depinned, which means that the Hc2 is less sensitive to fluctuation. The method will help to find the ultimate Hc2 of volume defect-dominating superconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Lee
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Korea.
| | - G C Kim
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Korea
| | - Byeong-Joo Kim
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Korea
| | - Y C Kim
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Korea
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Kim JE, Kim YC, Min SL, Lee H, Ha J, Chin HJ, Kim YS, Han SS. Transplant outcomes in kidney recipients with lupus nephritis, and systematic review. Lupus 2020; 29:248-255. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203320902524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Despite improved survival of patients with lupus nephritis (LN), some require kidney transplantation because of progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, the transplant outcomes of these patients and other recipients have not been thoroughly compared. Methods In total, 1848 Korean kidney recipients who underwent transplantation from 1998 to 2017 at two tertiary referral centers were evaluated retrospectively. Among them, 28 recipients with LN, and 50 control recipients matched by age, sex, and donor type, were compared with respect to graft and patient survival. We pooled our data with 17 previous cohort studies in which the graft survival of recipients with LN was described in detail. Results During the median follow-up period of 9.5 years (maximum 21 years), graft failure (GF) occurred in 10.7% and 16.0% of LN and control recipients, respectively. No differences were found in the rates of GF and death-censored graft failure or patient survival between the two groups. The risks of acute T cell-mediated and antibody-mediated rejection were also similar between the two groups. The pooled analysis showed similar 1- and 5-year graft survival rates between LN and control recipients. Conclusions Kidney transplantation is an acceptable option in patients with concurrent LN and ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y C Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S-l Min
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Ha
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H J Chin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Y S Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S S Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Zhang C, Win KT, Kim YC, Lee S. Two types of mutations in the HEUKCHEEM gene functioning in cucumber spine color development can be used as signatures for cucumber domestication. Planta 2019; 250:1491-1504. [PMID: 31332520 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03244-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The HEUKCHEEM gene plays an important role in spine color formation. A white spine occurs due to two mutations in HEUKCHEEM and is closely related to the regional distribution of these mutants. Mapping analysis revealed that the HEUKCHEEM gene is co-segregated with the B locus in the regulation of black spine color development in cucumber fruit. HEUKCHEEM induced the expression of the genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, leading to the accumulation of anthocyanins in black spines. The transiently over-expressed HEUKCHEEM in cucumber and tobacco plants enhanced the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes, leading to anthocyanin accumulation. However, two mutations-insertion of the 6994 bp mutator-like transposable element (MULE) sequence into the second intron and one single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of C to T in the second exon of HEUKCHEEM-were identified in white spines, leading to no accumulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related gene transcripts and anthocyanins. Furthermore, association analysis using 104 cucumber accessions with different geographical origins revealed that the types of mutations in HEUKCHEEM are strongly linked to geographical origins. The MULE insertion is found extensively in cucumbers with white spines in East Asia and Australia. However, cucumbers with white spines in other areas could be significantly influenced by a single SNP mutation. Our results provide fundamental information on spine color development in cucumber fruits and spine color-based cucumber breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Zhang
- Plant Genomics Laboratory, Department of Bio-resource Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwanjing-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Khin Thanda Win
- Plant Genomics Laboratory, Department of Bio-resource Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwanjing-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Cheon Kim
- Plant Genomics Laboratory, Department of Bio-resource Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwanjing-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyeob Lee
- Plant Genomics Laboratory, Department of Bio-resource Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwanjing-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
- Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwanjing-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Kim TW, Lee JS, Kim YC, Joo YC, Kim BJ. Bending Strain and Bending Fatigue Lifetime of Flexible Metal Electrodes on Polymer Substrates. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:ma12152490. [PMID: 31390728 PMCID: PMC6696189 DOI: 10.3390/ma12152490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
As the technology of flexible electronics has remarkably advanced, the long-term reliability of flexible devices has attracted much attention, as it is an important factor for such devices in reaching real commercial viability. To guarantee the bending fatigue lifetime, the exact evaluation of bending strain and the change in electrical resistance is required. In this study, we investigated the bending strains of Cu thin films on flexible polyimide substrates with different thicknesses using monolayer and bilayer bending models and monitored the electrical resistance of the metal electrode during a bending fatigue test. For a thin metal electrode, the bending strain and fatigue lifetime were similar regardless of substrate thickness, but for a thick metal film, the fatigue lifetime was changed by different bending strains in the metal electrode according to substrate thickness. To obtain the exact bending strain distribution, we conducted a finite-element simulation and compared the bending strains of thin and thick metal structures. For thick metal electrodes, the real bending strain obtained from a bilayer model or simulation showed values much different from those from a simple monolayer model. This study can provide useful guidelines for developing highly reliable flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Wook Kim
- Materials Research Centre for Energy and Clean Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea
| | - Jong-Sung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Young-Cheon Kim
- Materials Research Centre for Energy and Clean Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea
| | - Young-Chang Joo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Byoung-Joon Kim
- Materials Research Centre for Energy and Clean Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea.
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16
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Win KT, Zhang C, Silva RR, Lee JH, Kim YC, Lee S. Identification of quantitative trait loci governing subgynoecy in cucumber. Theor Appl Genet 2019; 132:1505-1521. [PMID: 30710191 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03295-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
QTL-seq analysis identified three major QTLs conferring subgynoecy in cucumbers. Furthermore, sequence and expression analyses predicted candidate genes controlling subgynoecy. The cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a typical monoecious having individual male and female flowers, and sex differentiation is an important developmental process that directly affects its fruit yield. Subgynoecy represents a sex form with a high degree of femaleness and would have alternative use as gynoecy under limited resource conditions. Recently, many studies have been reported that QTL-seq, which integrates the advantages of bulked segregant analysis and high-throughput whole-genome resequencing, can be a rapid and cost-effective way of mapping QTLs. Segregation analysis in the F2 and BC1 populations derived from a cross between subgynoecious LOSUAS and monoecious BMB suggested the quantitative nature of subgynoecy in cucumbers. Both genome-wide SNP profiling of subgynoecious and monoecious bulks constructed from F2 and BC1 plants consistently identified three significant genomic regions, one on chromosome 3 (sg3.1) and another two on short and long arms of chromosome 1 (sg1.1 and sg1.2). Classical QTL analysis using the F2 confirmed sg3.1 (R2 = 42%), sg1.1 (R2 = 29%) and sg1.2 (R2 = 18%) as major QTLs. These results revealed the unique genetic inheritance of subgynoecious line LOSUAS through two distinct major QTLs, sg3.1 and sg1.1, which mainly increase degree of femaleness, while another QTL, sg1.2, contributes to decrease it. This study demonstrated that QTL-seq allows rapid and powerful detection of QTLs using preliminary generation mapping populations such as F2 or BC1 population and further that the identified QTLs could be useful for molecular breeding of cucumber lines with high yield potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khin Thanda Win
- Plant Genomics Laboratory, Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwanjing-gu, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunying Zhang
- Plant Genomics Laboratory, Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwanjing-gu, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jeong Hwan Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Cheon Kim
- Plant Genomics Laboratory, Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwanjing-gu, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyeob Lee
- Plant Genomics Laboratory, Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwanjing-gu, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea.
- Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwanjing-gu, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Yun MJ, Kim YC, Lim YJ, Choi GH, Ha M, Lee JY, Ham BM. The Differential Flow of Epidural Local Anaesthetic via Needle or Catheter: A Prospective Randomized Double-blind Study. Anaesth Intensive Care 2019; 32:377-82. [PMID: 15264734 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x0403200313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The extent of epidural anaesthesia and pattern of spread of contrast medium, using different injection techniques, has not been well documented. Therefore, in this prospective, randomized, double-blind study, the extent of anaesthesia and pattern of spread of contrast medium following an epidural bolus injection, via either a Tuohy needle or an epidural catheter, were compared. The study had two parts. In the first, 59 of 79 patients scheduled for a lower extremity operation under epidural anaesthesia were randomly allocated to one of the two groups. Anaesthesia was achieved with an epidural injection of 10 to 15 ml (including a 3 ml test dose) of 0.75% ropivacaine and fentanyl 25 μg via either a Tuohy needle (Group N, n=31) or a catheter (Group C, n=28). The level of sensory anaesthesia was recorded. In the second part, the remaining 20 patients were randomized to initially receive 5 ml of contrast medium via either a Tuohy needle (Group NE, n=10) or a catheter (Group CE, n=10). The extent of spread was recorded radiologically. Unilateral or missed blocks and additional dose requirement were absent in Groups N and C. No differences were found in the extent of sensory anaesthesia or the spread of contrast medium. Twenty per cent of catheter tips lay outside the lateral margins of the vertebral bodies. We found that an epidural bolus injection, via either a Tuohy needle or a catheter, made no difference in regard to spread of local anaesthetic or contrast medium in the epidural space.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Yun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Lee JH, Kim YC, Jung Y, Han JH, Zhang C, Yun CW, Lee S. The overexpression of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) genes that encode the branched-chain amino acid transferase modulate flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Rep 2019; 38:25-35. [PMID: 30298307 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2346-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The overexpression of CsBCATs promotes flowering in Arabidopsis by regulating the expression of flowering time genes. The branched-chain amino acid transferases (BCATs) play an important role in the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), such as isoleucine, leucine, and valine. They function in both the synthesis and the degradation of this class of amino acids. We identified and characterized the three BCAT genes in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). The tissue-specific expression profiling in cucumber plants revealed that CsBCAT2 and CsBCAT7 were highly expressed in the reproductive tissues, whereas CsBCAT3 expression was highly detected in the vegetative tissues. The subcellular localization patterns of three CsBCATs were observed in the mitochondria. The functional analyses of CsBCATs showed that CsBCAT2 and CsBCAT3 restored the growth of bat1Δ/bat2Δ double knockout yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and CsBCAT3 and CsBCAT7 with different substrate preferences acted in a reverse reaction. The transgenic approach demonstrated that the overexpression of the three CsBCATs resulted in early flowering phenotypes, which were associated with the upregulation of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (SOC1) in a manner in which they were dependent on GIGANTEA (GI)/CONSTANS (CO) and SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP)/FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) modules. Our results, which are observed in conjunction, suggest that there is an interconnection between BCAT genes that function in BCAA metabolism and the flowering time in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
- Division of Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Cheon Kim
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Youjin Jung
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Han
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunying Zhang
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Won Yun
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyeob Lee
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Kim KI, Hwang SD, Cho MY, Jung SH, Kim YC, Jeong HD. A natural infection by the red sea bream iridovirus-type Megalocytivirus in the golden mandarin fish Siniperca scherzeri. J Fish Dis 2018; 41:1229-1233. [PMID: 29806082 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An outbreak of a Megalocytivirus infection was found in the golden mandarin fish Siniperca scherzeri during September and October 2016, in Korea. Phylogeny and genetic diversity based on the major capsid protein (MCP) and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) genes showed a new strain. Designated as GMIV, this strain derived from the golden mandarin fish was suggested to belong to the red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV)-subgroup I. Additionally, this train clustered with the ehime-1 strain from red sea bream Pagrus major in Japan and was distinguished from circulating isolates (RSIV-type subgroup II and turbot reddish body iridovirus [TRBIV] type) in Korea. The infection level, evaluated by qPCR, ranged from 8.18 × 102 to 7.95 × 106 copies/mg of tissue individually, suggesting that the infected fish were in the disease-transmitting stage. The diseased fish showed degenerative changes associated with cytomegaly in the spleen as general sign of Megalocytivirus infection. The results confirm that the RSIV-type Megalocytivirus might have crossed the environmental and species barriers to cause widespread infection in freshwater fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- K I Kim
- Pathology Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, Korea
| | - S D Hwang
- Aquatic Disease Control Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, Korea
| | - M Y Cho
- Pathology Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, Korea
| | - S H Jung
- Pathology Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, Korea
| | - Y C Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - H D Jeong
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
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20
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Kim YC, Yang JY, Yoon JS, Jo SJ, Ahn HH, Song KH, Lee DY, Chung KY, Won YH, Kim IH. A multicentre, open, investigator-initiated phase IV clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ingenol mebutate gel, 0·015% on the face and scalp, and 0·05% on the trunk and extremities, in Korean patients with actinic keratosis (PERFECT). Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:836-843. [PMID: 29355904 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ingenol mebutate gel is a novel, field-directed topical treatment for actinic keratosis (AK). Most pivotal studies have targeted Western populations. No clinical study has been conducted to investigate its efficacy and safety in Asian populations. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ingenol mebutate gel for treating AK of face/scalp and trunk/extremities in a large Asian (Korean) population. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this multicentre, open-label, interventional, parallel-group, prospective phase IV study (PERFECT, trial registration no.: NCT02716714), the eligible patients were allocated into either the face/scalp or the trunk/extremities group, according to their selected treatment area location. After application of ingenol mebutate gel, the participants were followed up for 6 months. The primary efficacy endpoint was complete clearance (CC) of AK lesions in the selected treatment area at day 57. Quality of life was evaluated using Skindex-29. Safety endpoints included local skin responses, scar, pigmentation, pain and adverse events. RESULTS In total, 78·1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 66·86-86·92%] of subjects had CC at day 57, with 76·6% (95% CI 64·31-86·25%) in the face/scalp group and 88·9% (95% CI 51·75-99·72%) in the trunk/extremities group. Among them, CC was sustained in 88·9% (48 of 54, 95% CI 77·37-95·81%) at month 6. The local skin responses significantly increased 1 day after the treatment compared with baseline, and decreased afterwards. Among the total subjects, 7·8% (6 of 77) had hyperpigmentation on the application area. Scars were not reported. CONCLUSIONS Ingenol mebutate is effective for the treatment of AK in Asians, with tolerable safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - J S Yoon
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - S J Jo
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H H Ahn
- Department of Dermatology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K-H Song
- Department of Dermatology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - D-Y Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K-Y Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Severance Hospital, Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y-H Won
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - I-H Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 123 Jeokgeum-ro, Danwon-gu, Ansan, 15355, Republic of Korea
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Kim YC, Kwon WJ, Min JG, Jeong HD. Isolation and initial characterization of new betanodaviruses in shellfish. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:1557-1567. [PMID: 29756336 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Betanodaviruses cause the disease viral nervous necrosis (VNN) in finfish. Using a novel approach with two consecutive PCRs, detection semi-nested two-step RT-PCR (DSN-2 RT-PCR) and discriminative multiplex two-step RT-PCR (DMT-2 RT-PCR), we have identified the presence of a new type of betanodavirus in shellfish and called it Korean shellfish nervous necrosis virus (KSNNV). Partial nucleotide sequences of the T4 region in RNA2 fragment of KSNNVs were 73%-75% homologous to those of other reported genotypes and formed a new cluster of betanodavirus in phylogenetic tree analysis. Successful isolation of KSNNV was achieved in two of six shellfish samples containing high concentrations of virus using the blind passage method, and the typical shapes of betanodavirus were confirmed in KSNNV-KOR1 by electron microscopy. In the experimental infection test, seven of 14 fish species showed susceptibility to KSNNV-KOR1 isolate but without clinical signs or death. Although the range of susceptible host species was not significantly different from the RGNNV type, the concentration of KSNNV in the brain of infected fish (102 -105 copies/mg brain) was much lower compared to that found in sevenband grouper (Epinephelus septemfasciatus Thunberg) sampled in the moribund stage with RGNNV infection (106 -107 copies/mg brain). However, histopathological analyses showed the presence of multiple vacuoles in brains of all KSNNV-infected fish at 14 days postinjection. In detection test, as a single or multiple type with the other genotype(s) (RGNNV or BFNNV), the prevalence of KSNNV was 8.4% and 8.7% in domestic (62 of 741 samples) and Chinese samples (12 of 138 samples), respectively, but not in finfish. We propose that KSNNVs obtained from shellfish be classified into a separate and new genotype of betanodavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - W J Kwon
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - J G Min
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - H D Jeong
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
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22
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Kim YC, Kwon WJ, Kim MS, Kim KI, Min JG, Jeong HD. High prevalence of betanodavirus barfin flounder nervous necrosis virus as well as red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus genotype in shellfish. J Fish Dis 2018; 41:233-246. [PMID: 29027679 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Using two serially executed PCRs, the discriminative multiplex two-step RT-PCR (DMT-2 RT-PCR) following the detection seminested two-step RT-PCR (DSN-2 RT-PCR), we found a high frequency presence of BFNNV genotype as well as RGNNV in various domestic and imported shellfish. This was definitely different from the previous reports of outbreaks and asymptomatic infection only by the RGNNV genotype in cultured finfish in Korea. Cultivation of NNV entrapped in shellfish was performed successfully by a blind passage. Thus, in an attempt to elucidate the epidemiology of betanodavirus, experiments conducted on 969 shellfish samples concluded that (i) distribution of NNV genotype, especially BFNNV, in shellfish is clearly different from that found in finfish of the world; (ii) unlike RGNNV, which showed a high rate in summer, BFNNV showed no seasonal variation and this result suggests BFNNVs in the marine environment remain fairly constant throughout the year; and (iii) the entrapped virus in shellfish was alive and culturable in vitro. These results are the first report of high level prevalence of in vitro culturable NNV in shellfish, for both BFNNV and RGNNV, which may present a potential risk in transmitting nodaviruses to host species in a marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - W J Kwon
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - M S Kim
- Pathology Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, Korea
| | - K I Kim
- Aquaculture Industry Division, East Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - J G Min
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - H D Jeong
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
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23
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Mishra A, Nam GH, Gim JA, Lee HE, Jo A, Yoon D, Oh S, Kim S, Kim A, Kim DH, Kim YC, Jeong HD, Cha HJ, Choi YH, Kim HS. Comparative evaluation of MCP gene in worldwide strains of Megalocytivirus (Iridoviridae family) for early diagnostic marker. J Fish Dis 2018; 41:105-116. [PMID: 28914452 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Members of the Iridoviridae family have been considered as aetiological agents of iridovirus diseases, causing fish mortalities and economic losses all over the world. Virus identification based on candidate gene sequencing is faster, more accurate and more reliable than other traditional phenotype methodologies. Iridoviridae viruses are covered by a protein shell (capsid) encoded by the important candidate gene, major capsid protein (MCP). In this study, we investigated the potential of the MCP gene for use in the diagnosis and identification of infections caused Megalocytivirus of the Iridoviridae family. We selected data of 66 Iridoviridae family isolates (53 strains of Megalocytivirus, eight strains of iridoviruses and five strains of Ranavirus) infecting various species of fish distributed all over the world. A total of 53 strains of Megalocytivirus were used for designing the complete primer sets for identifying the most hypervariable region of the MCP gene. Further, our in silico analysis of 102 sequences of related and unrelated viruses reconfirms that primer sets could identify strains more specifically and offers a useful and fast alternative for routine clinical laboratory testing. Our findings suggest that phenotype observation along with diagnosis using universal primer sets can help detect infection or carriers at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mishra
- Genetic Engineering Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - G-H Nam
- Genetic Engineering Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - J-A Gim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - H-E Lee
- Genetic Engineering Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - A Jo
- Genetic Engineering Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - D Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - S Oh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - S Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - A Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - D-H Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Y C Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - H D Jeong
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - H-J Cha
- Departments of Parasitology and Genetics, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, Korea
| | - Y H Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Korean Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan, Korea
| | - H-S Kim
- Genetic Engineering Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Kye
- Cancer Information and Education Branch, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - M Shim
- Department of Communication and Information, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Y C Kim
- College of Communication, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K Park
- Cancer Policy Branch, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
- Department of Cancer Control and Policy, National Cancer Center, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
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Kang NR, Kim YC, Jeon H, Kim SK, Jang JI, Han HN, Kim JY. Wall-thickness-dependent strength of nanotubular ZnO. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4327. [PMID: 28659633 PMCID: PMC5489488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04696-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We fabricate nanotubular ZnO with wall thickness of 45, 92, 123 nm using nanoporous gold (np-Au) with ligament diameter at necks of 1.43 μm as sacrificial template. Through micro-tensile and micro-compressive testing of nanotubular ZnO structures, we find that the exponent m in \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\bar{\sigma }\propto {\bar{\rho }}^{m}$$\end{document}σ¯∝ρ¯m, where \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\bar{\sigma }$$\end{document}σ¯ is the relative strength and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\bar{\rho }$$\end{document}ρ¯ is the relative density, for tension is 1.09 and for compression is 0.63. Both exponents are lower than the value of 1.5 in the Gibson-Ashby model that describes the relation between relative strength and relative density where the strength of constituent material is independent of external size, which indicates that strength of constituent ZnO increases as wall thickness decreases. We find, based on hole-nanoindentation and glazing incidence X-ray diffraction, that this wall-thickness-dependent strength of nanotubular ZnO is not caused by strengthening of constituent ZnO by size reduction at the nanoscale. Finite element analysis suggests that the wall-thickness-dependent strength of nanotubular ZnO originates from nanotubular structures formed on ligaments of np-Au.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Ri Kang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Cheon Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hansol Jeon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Keun Kim
- Center for Electronic Materials, KIST (Korea Institute of Science and Technology), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Il Jang
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Nam Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea. .,KIST-UNIST Ulsan Center for Convergent Materials, UNIST, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Parker KL, Kim YC, Kelley RM, Nessler AJ, Chen KH, Muller-Ewald VA, Andreasen NC, Narayanan NS. Delta-frequency stimulation of cerebellar projections can compensate for schizophrenia-related medial frontal dysfunction. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:647-655. [PMID: 28348382 PMCID: PMC5873945 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia involves abnormalities in the medial frontal cortex that lead to cognitive deficits. Here we investigate a novel strategy to normalize medial frontal brain activity by stimulating cerebellar projections. We used an interval timing task to study elementary cognitive processing that requires both frontal and cerebellar networks that are disrupted in patients with schizophrenia. We report three novel findings. First, patients with schizophrenia had dysfunctional delta rhythms between 1-4 Hz in the medial frontal cortex. We explored cerebellar-frontal interactions in animal models and found that both frontal and cerebellar neurons were modulated during interval timing and had delta-frequency interactions. Finally, delta-frequency optogenetic stimulation of thalamic synaptic terminals of lateral cerebellar projection neurons rescued timing performance as well as medial frontal activity in a rodent model of schizophrenia-related frontal dysfunction. These data provide insight into how the cerebellum influences medial frontal networks and the role of the cerebellum in cognitive processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Parker
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Y C Kim
- Department of Neurology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - R M Kelley
- Department of Neurology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - A J Nessler
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - K-H Chen
- Institute of Personality and Social Research, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - V A Muller-Ewald
- Department of Psychology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - N C Andreasen
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - N S Narayanan
- Department of Neurology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Jin JW, Kim YC, Hong S, Kim MS, Jeong JB, Jeong HD. Cloning and expression analysis of innate immune genes from red sea bream to assess different susceptibility to megalocytivirus infection. J Fish Dis 2017; 40:583-595. [PMID: 27523084 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As suggested by the Office International des Epizooties (OIE), fishes belonging to the genus Oplegnathus are more sensitive to megalocytivirus infection than other fish species including red sea bream (Pagrus major). To assess the roles of the innate immune response to these different susceptibilities, we cloned the genes encoding inflammatory factors including IL-8 and COX-2, and the antiviral factor like Mx from red sea bream for the first time and performed phylogenetic and structural analysis. Analysed expression levels of IL-1β, IL-8 and COX-2 and the antiviral factor like Mx genes performed with in vivo challenge experiment showed no difference in inflammatory gene expression or respiratory burst activity between red sea bream and rock bream (Oplegnathus fasciatus). However, the Mx gene expression levels in red sea bream were markedly higher than those in rock bream, suggesting the importance of type I interferon (IFN)-induced proteins, particularly Mx, during megalocytivirus infection, rather than inflammation-related genes. The in vitro challenge experiments using embryonic primary cultures derived from both fish species showed no difference in cytopathic effects (CPE), viral replication profiles, and inflammatory and Mx gene expression pattern between the two fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Jin
- Namhae Fisheries Hatchery Station, Korea Fisheries Resources Agency, Wando, South Korea
| | - Y C Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - S Hong
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Gangneung -Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - M S Kim
- Pathology Division, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Busan, South Korea
| | - J B Jeong
- Department of Aquatic Biomedical Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - H D Jeong
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
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28
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Chang SW, Shim KS, Kim YC, Jee KK, Zhu Q, Perinpanayagam H, Kum KY. Cyclic fatigue resistance, torsional resistance, and metallurgical characteristics of V taper 2 and V taper 2H rotary NiTi files. Scanning 2016; 38:564-570. [PMID: 26792574 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance, torsional resistance, and metallurgical characteristics of conventional NiTi wire (V taper 2, V2) and CM wire (V taper 2H, V2H)-based files. Cyclic fatigue and torsional resistance of V2 and V2H were investigated by measuring the number of cycles to fracture, maximum torque at fracture, and maximum angle at fracture. The typical patterns of fatigue and torsional fractures were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The metallurgical characteristics were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) from -100 °C to 100 °C. The austenite finishing temperature (Af) of each instrument was also measured. The microstructures of the instruments were investigated by a transmission electron microscope (TEM) along with selected area diffraction pattern analysis. The results were statistically analyzed by Mann-Whitney U-test (p = 0.05). V2H showed significantly higher cyclic fatigue resistance and torsional resistance than V2. SEM images of the fractured surfaces showed typical patterns of fatigue and torsional fracture. The DSC analysis of V2 showed one small peak in both the heating and cooling curves. The Af of V2 was -0.32 °C. V2H showed two remarkable peaks in the heating curve and one remarkable peak in the cooling curve. The Af of V2H was 33.25 °C. The TEM analysis showed that both V2 and V2H are mainly composed of austenite. In conclusion, V2H showed higher cyclic fatigue resistance and torsional resistance than V2. The superior properties of V2H could be attributed to the annealing effect and possibly the martensite phase. SCANNING 38:564-570, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Chang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - K S Shim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y C Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - K K Jee
- Future Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Q Zhu
- Division of Endodontology, Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - H Perinpanayagam
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - K Y Kum
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute and BK21 Program, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National, University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Korea
| | - Y C Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, 164 World Cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, 16499, Korea
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30
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Lee PB, Kim YC, Lim YJ, Lee CJ, Choi SS, Park SH, Lee JG, Lee SC. Efficacy of Pulsed Electromagnetic Therapy for Chronic Lower Back Pain: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study. J Int Med Res 2016; 34:160-7. [PMID: 16749411 DOI: 10.1177/147323000603400205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial studied the effectiveness of pulsed electromagnetic therapy (PEMT) in patients with chronic lower back pain. Active PEMT ( n = 17) or placebo treatment ( n = 19) was performed three times a week for 3 weeks. Patients were assessed using a numerical rating scale (NRS) and revised Oswestry disability scores for 4 weeks after therapy. PEMT produced significant pain reduction throughout the observation period compared with baseline values. The percentage change in the NRS score from baseline was significantly greater in the PEMT group than the placebo group at all three time-points measured. The mean revised Oswestry disability percentage after 4 weeks was significantly improved from the baseline value in the PEMT group, whereas there were no significant differences in the placebo group. In conclusion, PEMT reduced pain and disability and appears to be a potentially useful therapeutic tool for the conservative management of chronic lower back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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31
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Kim M, Park J, Ji S, Shin SH, Kim SY, Kim YC, Kim JY, Park JU. Fully-integrated, bezel-less transistor arrays using reversibly foldable interconnects and stretchable origami substrates. Nanoscale 2016; 8:9504-9510. [PMID: 27101972 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr02041k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate fully-integrated, bezel-less transistor arrays using stretchable origami substrates and foldable conducting interconnects. Reversible folding of these arrays is enabled by origami substrates which are composed of rigid support fixtures and foldable elastic joints. In addition, hybrid structures of thin metal films and metallic nanowires worked as foldable interconnects which are located on the elastomeric joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijung Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wearable Electronics Research Group, Low-Dimensional Carbon Materials Research Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
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Chiang B, Kim YC, Doty AC, Grossniklaus HE, Schwendeman SP, Prausnitz MR. Sustained reduction of intraocular pressure by supraciliary delivery of brimonidine-loaded poly(lactic acid) microspheres for the treatment of glaucoma. J Control Release 2016; 228:48-57. [PMID: 26930266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Although effective drugs that lower intraocular pressure (IOP) in the management of glaucoma exist, their efficacy is limited by poor patient adherence to the prescribed eye drop regimen. To replace the need for eye drops, in this study we tested the hypothesis that IOP can be reduced for one month after a single targeted injection using a microneedle for administration of a glaucoma medication (i.e., brimonidine) formulated for sustained release in the supraciliary space of the eye adjacent to the drug's site of action at the ciliary body. To test this hypothesis, brimonidine-loaded microspheres were formulated using poly(lactic acid) (PLA) to release brimonidine at a constant rate for 35 days and microneedles were designed to penetrate through the sclera, without penetrating into the choroid/retina, in order to target injection into the supraciliary space. A single administration of these microspheres using a hollow microneedle was performed in the eye of New Zealand White rabbits and was found to reduce IOP initially by 6 mmHg and then by progressively smaller amounts for more than one month. All administrations were well tolerated without significant adverse events, although histological examination showed a foreign-body reaction to the microspheres. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that the highly-targeted delivery of brimonidine-loaded microspheres into the supraciliary space using a microneedle is able to reduce IOP for one month as an alternative to daily eye drops.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chiang
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta GA 30332, USA
| | - Y C Kim
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta GA 30332, USA
| | - A C Doty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor MI 48109, USA
| | - H E Grossniklaus
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322, USA
| | - S P Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor MI 48109, USA
| | - M R Prausnitz
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta GA 30332, USA; School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta GA 30332, USA.
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An BW, Gwak EJ, Kim K, Kim YC, Jang J, Kim JY, Park JU. Stretchable, Transparent Electrodes as Wearable Heaters Using Nanotrough Networks of Metallic Glasses with Superior Mechanical Properties and Thermal Stability. Nano Lett 2016; 16:471-478. [PMID: 26670378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical robustness, electrical and chemical reliabilities of devices against large deformations such as bending and stretching have become the key metrics for rapidly emerging wearable electronics. Metallic glasses (MGs) have high elastic limit, electrical conductivity, and corrosion resistance, which can be promising for applications in wearable electronics. However, their applications in wearable electronics or transparent electrodes have not been extensively explored so far. Here, we demonstrate stretchable and transparent electrodes using CuZr MGs in the form of nanotrough networks. MG nanotroughs are prepared by electrospinning and cosputtering process, and they can be transferred to various desired substrates, including stretchable elastomeric substrates. The resulting MG nanotrough network is first utilized as a stretchable transparent electrode, presenting outstanding optoelectronic (sheet resistance of 3.8 Ω/sq at transmittance of 90%) and mechanical robustness (resistance change less than 30% up to a tensile strain of 70%) as well as excellent chemical stability against hot and humid environments (negligible degradation in performance for 240 h in 85% relative humidity and 85 °C). A stretchable and transparent heater based on the MG nanotrough network is also demonstrated with a wide operating temperature range (up to 180 °C) and excellent stretchability (up to 70% in the strain). The excellent mechanical robustness of these stretchable transparent electrode and heater is ascribed to the structural configuration (i.e., a nanotrough network) and inherent high elastic limit of MGs, as supported by experimental results and numerical analysis. We demonstrate their real-time operations on human skin as a wearable, transparent thermotherapy patch controlled wirelessly using a smartphone as well as a transparent defroster for an automobile side-view mirror, suggesting a promising strategy toward next-generation wearable electronics or automobile applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Wan An
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wearable Electronics Research Group, Center for Smart Sensor Systems, ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, and §School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kukjoo Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wearable Electronics Research Group, Center for Smart Sensor Systems, ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, and §School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jiuk Jang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wearable Electronics Research Group, Center for Smart Sensor Systems, ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, and §School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jang-Ung Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wearable Electronics Research Group, Center for Smart Sensor Systems, ‡School of Materials Science and Engineering, and §School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) , Ulsan Metropolitan City 44919, Republic of Korea
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Akinci A, Al Shaker M, Chang MH, Cheung CW, Danilov A, José Dueñas H, Kim YC, Guillen R, Tassanawipas W, Treuer T, Wang Y. Predictive factors and clinical biomarkers for treatment in patients with chronic pain caused by osteoarthritis with a central sensitisation component. Int J Clin Pract 2016; 70:31-44. [PMID: 26558538 PMCID: PMC4738415 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this non-systematic review was to provide a practical guide for clinicians on the evidence for central sensitisation in chronic osteoarthritis (OA) pain and how this pain mechanism can be addressed in terms of clinical diagnosis, investigation and treatment. METHODS The authors undertook a non-systematic review of the literature including a MEDLINE search (search terms included central sensitisation, osteoarthritis, osteoarthrosis) for relevant and current clinical studies, systematic reviews and narrative reviews. Case reports, letters to the editor and similar literature sources were excluded. Information was organised to allow a pragmatic approach to the discussion of the evidence and generation of practical recommendations. RESULTS There is good evidence for a role of central sensitisation in chronic OA pain in a subgroup of patients. Clinically, a central sensitisation component in chronic OA pain can be suspected based on characteristic pain features and non-pain features seen in other conditions involving central sensitisation. However, there are currently no diagnostic inventories for central sensitisation specific to OA. Biomarkers may be helpful for confirming the presence of central sensitisation, especially when there is diagnostic uncertainty. Several non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatments may be effective in OA patients with central sensitisation features. Multimodal therapy may be required to achieve control of symptoms. DISCUSSION Clinicians should be aware of central sensitisation in patients with chronic OA pain, especially in patients presenting with severe pain with unusual features.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Akinci
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Al Shaker
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - M H Chang
- Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C W Cheung
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Laboratory and Clinical Research Institute for Pain, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - A Danilov
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Y C Kim
- Seoul National University School of Medicine, Pain Management Center of the Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - R Guillen
- Pain Clinic, National Cancer Institute, México DF, México
| | - W Tassanawipas
- Department of Orthopaedics, Phramongkutklao Army Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - T Treuer
- Eli Lilly and Co, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Y Wang
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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36
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Kim YC. Letter to the Editor: Effect of Intravitreal Bevacizumab Injection on Retinopathy of Prematurity. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2015. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2015.56.10.1650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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37
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Wang ZY, Huang X, Liu DH, Lu HL, Kim YC, Xu WX. Involvement of actin microfilament in regulation of pacemaking activity increased by hypotonic stress in cultured ICCs of murine intestine. Physiol Res 2014; 64:397-405. [PMID: 25536314 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Distension is a regular mechanical stimulus in gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This study was designed to investigate the effect of hypotonic stress on pacemaking activity and determine whether actin microfilament is involved in its mechanism in cultured murine intestinal interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) by using whole-cell patch-clamp and calcium imaging techniques. Hypotonic stress induced sustained inward holding current from the baseline to -650+/-110 pA and significantly decreased amplitudes of pacemaker current. Hypotonic stress increased the intensity of basal fluorescence ratio (F/F0) from baseline to 1.09+/-0.03 and significantly increased Ca(2+) oscillation amplitude. Cytochalasin-B (20 microM), a disruptor of actin microfilaments, significantly suppressed the amplitudes of pacemaker currents and calcium oscillations, respectively. Cytochalasin-B also blocked hypotonic stress-induced sustained inward holding current and hypotonic stress-induced increase of calcium oscillations. Phalloidin (20 microM), a stabilizer of actin microfilaments, significantly enhanced the amplitudes of pacemaker currents and calcium oscillations, respectively. Despite the presence of phalloidin, hypotonic stress was still able to induce an inward holding current and increased the basal fluorescence intensity. These results suggest that hypotonic stress induces sustained inward holding current via actin microfilaments and the process is mediated by alteration of intracellular basal calcium concentration and calcium oscillation in cultured intestinal ICCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Liu G, Yu FX, Kim YC, Meng Z, Naipauer J, Looney DJ, Liu X, Gutkind JS, Mesri EA, Guan KL. Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus promotes tumorigenesis by modulating the Hippo pathway. Oncogene 2014; 34:3536-46. [PMID: 25195862 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is an oncogenic virus and the culprit behind the human disease Kaposi sarcoma (KS), an AIDS-defining malignancy. KSHV encodes a viral G-protein-coupled receptor (vGPCR) critical for the initiation and progression of KS. In this study, we identified that YAP/TAZ, two homologous oncoproteins inhibited by the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway, are activated in KSHV-infected cells in vitro, KS-like mouse tumors and clinical human KS specimens. The KSHV-encoded vGPCR acts through Gq/11 and G12/13 to inhibit the Hippo pathway kinases Lats1/2, promoting the activation of YAP/TAZ. Furthermore, depletion of YAP/TAZ blocks vGPCR-induced cell proliferation and tumorigenesis in a xenograft mouse model. The vGPCR-transformed cells are sensitive to pharmacologic inhibition of YAP. Our study establishes a pivotal role of the Hippo pathway in mediating the oncogenic activity of KSHV and development of KS, and also suggests a potential of using YAP inhibitors for KS intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Liu
- 1] School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China [2] Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - F-X Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Y C Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Z Meng
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J Naipauer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Viral Oncology Program, Miami Center for AIDS Research, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - D J Looney
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, The University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - X Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - J S Gutkind
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - E A Mesri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Viral Oncology Program, Miami Center for AIDS Research, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - K-L Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Ahmad D, Min BH, Ko MJ, Seo YL, Choi WJ, Lee JH, Kim GC, Kim YC, Kwon YS. Superconducting properties of hole doped Ba(0.6)Li(0.4)Fe2As2 single crystal. J Phys Condens Matter 2014; 26:175701. [PMID: 24721709 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/17/175701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the emergence of superconductivity in Li doped Ba-122 single crystals grown by the Bridgman method. The superconducting transition temperature Tc,onset is around 19 K. The specific heat capacity C/T shows a weak anomaly near Tc. The value of ΔC/γnTc is smaller than the value predicted in BCS theory indicating a multigap nature of the sample. The magnetic measurements show that the lower critical field Hc1(T) exhibits a linear temperature dependence, with a pronounced change of the Hc1(T) curvature around 0.4Tc and Hc1(0) ≈ 430 Oe in the Ba0.6Li0.4Fe2As2 single crystal. Furthermore, temperature dependence of the penetration depth λ(T) follows a power law (~T(n)) below 0.4Tc which predicts possible S±-wave pairing in a Ba0.6Li0.4Fe2As2 superconductor. Over a wide range of temperatures, the Jc(H) exhibits a relation J(c)[proportionality] H(-α) with α = 0.5 ~ 0.6 for H || c and H || ab which indicates random defects in the sample. We found that the temperature dependence of the critical current density Jc(T) can be fitted well with the δl-type pinning model, whose origin is attributed to spatial variations of charge carrier mean free path l. We suggest that the large mismatch in the ionic radius of Ba and Li can affect the irreversible magnetic properties of the Ba0.6Li0.4Fe2As2 single crystal without any structural transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ahmad
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 711-873, Republic of Korea
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Park MJ, Lee JH, Kim JK, Kim YC, Park MS, Yu JS, Kim YB, Lee D. Multidetector CT imaging features of solid pseudopapillary tumours of the pancreas in male patients: distinctive imaging features with female patients. Br J Radiol 2014; 87:20130513. [PMID: 24472726 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20130513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe multidetector CT imaging features of solid pseudopapillary tumours (SPTs) in male patients and to compare these imaging features with those found in female patients. METHODS The institutional review board approved this retrospective study. We included the CT images of 72 patients (M:F = 12:60; mean age, 35.0 years) diagnosed with SPT by histology. CT images were reviewed on the following: location of the tumour, maximal diameter, shape, margin and the fraction of the tumour composition. Statistical differences in CT imaging features were analysed. RESULTS Male patients with SPTs were significantly older than female patients (42.4 years vs 33.4 years, p = 0.0408) and the mean size of the SPTs in male patients was larger (6.3 cm vs 4.6 cm, p = 0.0413) than that of SPTs in female patients. Lobulated shape of the SPTs was most frequent in male patients, whereas oval shape was most frequent in female patients (p = 0.0133). SPTs in male patients tended to have a solid component (p = 0.0434). Progressive enhancement in the solid portion of the tumour was seen in 9 (81.8%) of 11 SPTs in male patients and in 30 (79.0%) of 38 SPTs in female patients on multiphasic CT. CONCLUSION The imaging features of SPTs in male patients usually appeared as a somewhat large-sized solid mass with a lobulated margin and progressive enhancement. These imaging features may help to differentiate SPTs from other pancreatic tumours for their proper management. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE SPTs in male patients appear as somewhat large-sized solid masses with lobulated margins, and this form occurs more frequently in older male patients than in female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Park
- Department of Radiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Yim H, Kong WY, Yoon SJ, Kim YC, Choi JW. Fabrication and electrochemical properties of hemisphere structured 3D Li(Li0.2Mn0.54Co0.13Ni0.13)O2 cathode thin film for all-solid-state lithium battery. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2013; 13:3459-3463. [PMID: 23858879 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2013.7273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The Li[Li0.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13]O2 cathode thin films were deposited on planar, hemisphere, linked hemisphere, and isolated hemisphere structured Pt current collector thin films to investigate the effect of 3-dimensional (3-D) structure for the electrochemical properties of active cathode thin films. The films of linked hemisphere structure shows the highest initial discharge capacity of 140 microA h/cm2-microm which is better than those of planar (62 microA h/cm2-microm), hemisphere (94.6 microA h/cm2-microm), and isolated hemisphere (135 microA h/cm2-microm) films due to increase of surface area for cathode thin films. Linked hemisphere shows the biggest capacity and the best retention rate because 6 nanobridges of each hemisphere bring strong connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yim
- Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 136-791, Korea
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Kim SK, Park JY, Hann SK, Kim YC, Lee ES, Kang HY. Hypopigmented keratosis: is it a hyperkeratotic variant of idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis? Clin Exp Dermatol 2013; 38:526-9. [PMID: 23600406 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We have occasionally seen patients with acquired well-demarcated, scattered hypopigmented papules. In this study, we investigated the clinical and histopathological characteristics of such lesions. Biopsies were taken from the lesional and perilesional normal skin from 10 of 13 patients, which were compared with 10 idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis (IGH) samples. The lesions were scattered, well-circumscribed, flat-topped, hypopigmented papules. There was no age or gender predilection. Marked hyperkeratosis was present, with clear-cut margins distinguishable from the adjacent normal epidermis. The melanin content was decreased in the lesional epidermis, which was associated with a decrease in expression of melanogenesis-associated markers such as tyrosinase and NKI/beteb (marker of gp100) and reduction in the number of melanocytes. These histological findings were similar to those of IGH except for the additional finding of a thicker stratum corneum in this case seem to represent a 'hyperkeratotic' variant of IGH.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Kim YC, Jahren N, Stone MD, Udeshi ND, Markowski TW, Witthuhn BA, Shabanowitz J, Hunt DF, Olszewski NE. Identification and origin of N-linked β-D-N-acetylglucosamine monosaccharide modifications on Arabidopsis proteins. Plant Physiol 2013; 161:455-64. [PMID: 23144189 PMCID: PMC3532274 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.208900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Many plant proteins are modified with N-linked oligosaccharides at asparagine-X-serine/threonine sites during transit through the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi. We have identified a number of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) proteins with modifications consisting of an N-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine monosaccharide (N-GlcNAc). Electron transfer dissociation mass spectrometry analysis of peptides bearing this modification mapped the modification to asparagine-X-serine/threonine sites on proteins that are predicted to transit through the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi. A mass labeling method was developed and used to study N-GlcNAc modification of two thioglucoside glucohydrolases (myrosinases), TGG1 and TGG2 (for thioglucoside glucohydrolase). These myrosinases are also modified with high-mannose (Man)-type glycans. We found that N-GlcNAc and high-Man-type glycans can occur at the same site. It has been hypothesized that N-GlcNAc modifications are generated when endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (ENGase) cleaves N-linked glycans. We examined the effects of mutations affecting the two known Arabidopsis ENGases on N-GlcNAc modification of myrosinase and found that modification of TGG2 was greatly reduced in one of the single mutants and absent in the double mutant. Surprisingly, N-GlcNAc modification of TGG1 was not affected in any of the mutants. These data support the hypothesis that ENGases hydrolyze high-Man glycans to produce some of the N-GlcNAc modifications but also suggest that some N-GlcNAc modifications are generated by another mechanism. Since N-GlcNAc modification was detected at only one site on each myrosinase, the production of the N-GlcNAc modification may be regulated.
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Kim YC, Kim JK, Lee JH. Incidental focal hepatic mass. Br J Radiol 2013; 86:20110659. [DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20110659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Abstract
A CHCl(3): MeOH extract of the fruit ofLycium chinense Mill. (Solanaceae) was found to afford significant protection against carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Subsequent activity-guided fractionation resulted in the isolation of zeaxanthin and zeaxanthin dipalmitate as antihepatotoxic components. Incubation of injured hepatocytes with zeaxanthin dipalmitate reduced the levels of glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) released from damaged cells to 60.5% and 76.3% of those released from untreated controls, respectively. Zeaxanthin also reduced the levels of GPT and SDH to 68.5% and 61.3% of the levels of those released from the untreated control. The results confirm the hepatoprotective activities of zeaxanthins. Antihepatotoxic activities of zeaxanthins are comparable to that of silybin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 56-1 Shillim-Dong, Kwanak-Gu, 151-742, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquired bilateral patchy or mottled pigmentation of the neck has occasionally been observed. OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical and histopathological characteristics of this pigmentation. METHODS Fourteen patients were included in the study. Patch and photopatch tests, and laboratory tests including serum hormonal evaluation were performed. Skin biopsies were performed on lesional skin and perilesional normal skin. RESULTS All the patients were women and all were perimenopausal. The lesions were characterized by bilateral, symmetrical, brown-to-grey patchy or mottled pigmentation on the lateral neck. There were positive photopatch results in some cases, but their relevance was doubtful. All laboratory findings were within the normal ranges. The histological findings showed marked accumulation of pigment in the dermis with perivascular lymphocytic infiltration. A significantly higher expression of melanogenesis-associated proteins and an increased number of melanocytes were observed in the epidermis of the lesional skin. The melanin-bearing cells in the dermis were stained with factor XIIIa or CD68, but the majority of these cells were identified as factor XIIIa+ dermal dendrocytes. Some brown pigments were mixed with light brown or golden brown pigment that was positive in iron staining. CONCLUSIONS These cases seem to represent a continuum of Riehl melanosis. However, the principal distribution of the pigmentation is a distinguishing feature. Any consistent predisposing factors were not established, but there may be a role for subclinical injury or inflammation as possible causative factors for development of the pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-Y Park
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, San 5 Woncheon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-721, Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The prognosis for patients with ampulla of Vater cancer is better than other periampullary cancers. The aim of the present study is to determine the clinicopathologic factors predictive of survival and recurrence in patients with ampulla of Vater cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS From 1991 to 2008, we identified and reviewed 78 patients with ampulla of Vater cancer retrospectively. Clinicopathologic factors possibly influencing survival and recurrence were statistically analyzed. RESULTS Pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed in 68 patients and 2 patients underwent transduodenal ampullectomy. Hospital mortality was 2.6%. The 5-year survival rates following resection were 59.9%. Univariate analysis for overall survival revealed that total bilirubin greater than 5 mg/dl, ulcerative tumors, differentiation, and pancreatic invasion were significant prognostic factors. Recurrence occurred in 31 patients. Univariate analysis for disease-free survival revealed that total bilirubin greater than 5mg/dl, preoperative biliary drainage, tumor differentiation, and stage were statistically significant. Multivariate analysis revealed that tumor differentiation was an independent prognostic factor for recurrence. The presence of lymph node metastasis did not affect overall survival significantly in this study. However, two or more metastatic lymph nodes significantly affect disease-free survival. CONCLUSIONS Pancreaticoduodenectomy is a safe surgical procedure with acceptable long-term survival for ampulla of Vater cancer. Pancreaticoduodenectomy with lymph node dissection might control lymph node spread and enhance survival outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Choi
- Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Koo HS, Kim YC, Lee SW, Kim DK, Oh KH, Joo KW, Kim YS, Ahn C, Han JS, Kim S, Chin HJ. The effects of cyclophosphamide and mycophenolate on end-stage renal disease and death of lupus nephritis. Lupus 2011; 20:1442-9. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203311416034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Debate continues about the optimal treatment modality of lupus nephritis (LN). We compared the efficacy and safety of intravenous cyclophosphamide (CYC) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for LN treatment in Korea. After searching for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients diagnosed between 1998 and 2007 with the diagnostic code of ICD10, we selected the 71 patients who were treated with CYC or MMF without any other immunosuppressant except systemic steroid. Composite outcome was defined as progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and/or all-cause mortality. The initial manifestations of the CYC group were more severe than those of the MMF group. The mean daily MMF dose was 980 ± 100 mg for 21.67 ± 18.25 months. The mean monthly dose per CYC pulse therapy was 850 ± 30 mg for 17.04 ± 13.15 months. The incidence of composite outcome was 5/20 (25%) in the MMF group and 4/51 (7.8%) in the CYC group. The relative risk (RR) for composite outcome in the CYC group was 0.249 (95% CI for RR: 0.067–0.934, p = 0.039) compared with the MMF group with Cox's hazard proportional analysis. In Kaplan–Meier analysis, the probability of composite outcome was lower in the CYC group than in the MMF group (Log rank test p-value = 0.026). The results of this retrospective study suggest that intravenous CYC therapy may be more efficacious in averting ESRD and death than MMF. These results need to be confirmed in a larger randomized controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- HS Koo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - YC Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - SW Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - DK Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - K-H Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - KW Joo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - YS Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - C Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - JS Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea
| | - S Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea
- Kidney Research Institute Medical Research Center of the Seoul National University Hospital
| | - HJ Chin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, South Korea
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Jang YH, Sim JH, Kang HY, Kim YC, Lee ES. Immunohistochemical expression of matrix metalloproteinases in the granulomatous rosacea compared with the non-granulomatous rosacea. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2011; 25:544-8. [PMID: 20698913 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2010.03825.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a granulomatous variant which is recognized in the rosacea spectrum. However, the pathogenesis of granuloma formation in rosacea has not been clearly demonstrated. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are required for recruitment of inflammatory cells and for tissue remodelling, making way for the development of well-organized granuloma. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, TGF-β type II receptor (TβRII), Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, MMP-1, 2 and 9 in the granulomatous rosacea (GR) compared with the non-granulomatous rosacea (NGR) and test the hypothesis that the changes of these profiles in GR would be related with chronic ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-exposure. METHODS Facial skin samples were obtained from 20 patients with GR and NGR (control group). The sections were stained using haematoxylin and eosin, Verhoeff's elastic stain, and antibodies to TGF-β, TβRII, TNF-α, MMP-1, -2 and -9. RESULTS The amount of elastotic material was significantly increased in the dermis of GR lesions. Expression of TGF-β was significantly decreased in the epidermis of GR lesions compared with NGR lesions. In addition, the expression of MMP-9 was significantly increased in the dermis of GR lesions compared with NGR lesions, especially at the centre of the granuloma on a semi-quantitative analysis. MMP-2 expression was also increased in GR lesions, although the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that the increased expression of MMPs in the dermis may participate in granuloma formation of GR in association with UVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Jang
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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