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Khlifi R, Lahmar A, Dhaouefi Z, Kalboussi Z, Maatouk M, Kilani-Jaziri S, Ghedira K, Chekir-Ghedira L. Assessment of hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of medicinal plant Erica multiflora in triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemia and liver function repair in rats: A comparison with fenofibrate. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 107:104404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Yu D, Chen G, Pan M, Zhang J, He W, Liu Y, Nian X, Sheng L, Xu B. High fat diet-induced oxidative stress blocks hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α and leads to hepatic steatosis in mice. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:4770-4782. [PMID: 29150932 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Yu
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Basic Medical Science; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Minglin Pan
- Department of Endocrinology; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Basic Medical Science; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Wenping He
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Basic Medical Science; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Zhongda Hospital; Nanjing Jiangsu China
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; School of Medicine; Southeast University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Xue Nian
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Basic Medical Science; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Liang Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Basic Medical Science; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Jiangsu China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes; University of Michigan Medical Center; Ann Arbor Michigan
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Vallianou I, Peroulis N, Pantazis P, Hadzopoulou-Cladaras M. Camphene, a plant-derived monoterpene, reduces plasma cholesterol and triglycerides in hyperlipidemic rats independently of HMG-CoA reductase activity. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20516. [PMID: 22073134 PMCID: PMC3207810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central to the pathology of coronary heart disease is the accumulation of lipids, cholesterol and triglycerides, within the intima of arterial blood vessels. The search for drugs to treat dislipidemia, remains a major pharmaceutical focus. In this study, we evaluated the hypolipidemic properties of the essential oil from Chios mastic gum (MGO). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The hypolipidemic effect of MGO was investigated in naïve as well as in rats susceptible to detergent-induced hyperlipidemia. Serum cholesterol and triglycerides were determined using commercial kits. HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A) reductase activity was measured in HepG2 cell extracts using a radioactive assay; cellular cholesterol and cholesterol esters were assessed using gas chromatography. MGO administration into naïve rats resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in the constitutive synthesis of serum cholesterol and triglycerides. In hyperlipidemic rats, MGO treatment had also a strong hypolipidemic effect. By testing various components of MGO, we show for the first time that the hypolipidemic action is associated with camphene. Administration of camphene at a dose of 30 µg/gr of body weight in hyperlipidemic rats resulted in a 54.5% reduction of total cholesterol (p<0.001), 54% of Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (p<0.001) and 34.5% of triglycerides (p<0.001). Treatment of HepG2 cells with camphene led to a decrease in cellular cholesterol content to the same extend as mevinolin, a known HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. The hypolipidemic action of camphene is independent of HMG-CoA reductase activity, suggesting that its hypocholesterolemic and hypotriglyceridemic effects are associated with a mechanism of action different than that of statins. CONCLUSIONS Given the critical role that the control of hyperlipidemia plays in cardiovascular disease, the results of our study provide insights into the use of camphene as an alternative lipid lowering agent and merits further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Vallianou
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Peroulis
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Margarita Hadzopoulou-Cladaras
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- * E-mail:
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Al-Hiari Y, Shattat G, Al-Qirim T, El-Huneidi W, Sheikha GA, Hikmat S. Antihyperlipidemic properties of novel N-(benzoylphenyl)-5-substituted-1H-indole-2-carboxamides in Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Molecules 2011; 16:8292-304. [PMID: 21959300 PMCID: PMC6264269 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16108292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the search for new potential antihyperlipidemic agents, the present study focuses on the synthesis of novel N-(benzoylphenyl)-5-substituted-1H-indole-2-carboxamides (compounds 8-12, 15, 16, 18) and investigating their antihyperlipidemic activity using Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemic rats as an experimental model. Hyperlipidemia was developed by intraperitoneal injection of Triton WR-1339 (250 mg/kg body weight). The tested animals were divided into normal control (NCG), hyperlipidemic (HG), compound 8, 9, 15, 16, 18- and bezafibrate treated groups. At a dose of 15 mg/kg body weight, compounds 9, 16, 18 and bezafibrate (100 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.0001) reduced elevated plasma triglycerides levels after 12 h compared to the hyperlipidemic control group. However, only the group treated with compounds 9, 16 and 18 showed an obviously significant (p < 0.001) reduction in plasma total cholesterol levels after 12 h compared to the hyperlipidemic control group. Moreover, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels were significantly (p < 0.0001) increased in all treated groups after 12 h compared to the hyperlipidemic control group, except for compounds 8 and 15 which revealed inactive. It is therefore reasonable to assume that compounds 9, 16 and 18 may have potential in the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
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Ham I, Yang G, Lee J, Lee KJ, Choi HY. Hypolipidemic effect of MeOH extract of Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam in hyperlipidemia induced by Triton WR-1339 and high cholesterol diet in rats. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2010; 31:439-45. [PMID: 19267283 DOI: 10.1080/08923970902769638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia has been implicated in atherosclerosis which is the leading cause of death among world population and resulting from lipid metabolic changes is a major cause of atherosclerosis. Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam belongs to Bambusaceae is the stem of Phyllostachys nigra (Lodd.) Munro var. henonis (Bean) Stapf of Phyllostachys bambusoides Siebold et Zuccarini, the perennial evergreen tree. The green middle layer of stem is dried in string-shape I shadow after the bark had been removed. In this study, the effects of middle layer of PN, PB, PP, and BCT on rat with hyperlipidemia, induced by Triton WR-1339 and high cholesterol diet were investigated. We measured plasma levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol as measure of its hyperlipidemic effects. As a result, all of the Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam was reduced total cholesterol, LDL. Inhibition rate on LDL-oxidation, hACAT-1, and hACAT-2 was increased dose-dependently. Therefore all of the Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam is a good candidate for the treatment on Triton WR-1339 and high cholesterol diet-induced blood circulatory disorders, obesity, and hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inhye Ham
- Department of Herbology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Harnafi H, Bouanani NEH, Aziz M, Serghini Caid H, Ghalim N, Amrani S. The hypolipidaemic activity of aqueous Erica multiflora flowers extract in Triton WR-1339 induced hyperlipidaemic rats: a comparison with fenofibrate. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 109:156-60. [PMID: 17092671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2005] [Revised: 06/23/2006] [Accepted: 09/11/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, an aqueous extract from Erica multiflora L. (Ericaceae) flowers was evaluated for its hypocholesterolaemic and hypotriglyceridaemic activities using Triton WR-1339 induced hyperlipemic rats as experimental model. Hyperlipideamia was developed by intraperitonial injection of Triton (200mg/kg body weight). The animals were divided into control (CG), hyperlipidaemic (HG), hyperlipidaemic plus herb extract (HG+EmE) and hyperlipidaemic plus fenofibrate (HG+FF) treated groups. Intragastric administration of Erica multiflora extract (0.25 g/100g body weight) to the rats caused a significant decrease on their plasma lipid levels (quantified using enzymatic kits). At 7h after treatment, plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol were decreased by 47%, 95% and 67%, respectively, but the change of HDL-cholesterol level was not significant. However, the hypolipidaemic effect of fenofibrate was limited to triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, which were lowered by about 92% and 41%, respectively. At 24h after treatment, Erica multiflora extract reduced plasma total cholesterol by 68.5% and triglycerides by 91%. HDL-cholesterol was not significantly increased and LDL-cholesterol was lowered by 80.5%. In fenofibrate treated rats, only plasma triglyceride concentrations were lowered by 82%, while the other lipid parameters were not significantly changed indicating that this aqueous herb extract may contain products that lower plasma lipid concentrations and might be beneficial in treatment of hyperlipideamia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Harnafi
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, Faculty of Sciences, Oujda, Morocco
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Amrani S, Harnafi H, Bouanani NEH, Aziz M, Caid HS, Manfredini S, Besco E, Napolitano M, Bravo E. Hypolipidaemic activity of aqueous ocimum basilicum extract in acute hyperlipidaemia induced by triton WR-1339 in rats and its antioxidant property. Phytother Res 2006; 20:1040-5. [PMID: 17006976 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidaemia, atherosclerosis and related diseases are becoming a major health problem in developing countries. Ocimum basilicum is one of the medicinal plants widely used in Morocco to reduce plasma cholesterol and to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis-related diseases. However, mechanisms underlying the reported hypolipidaemic effect of this plant have not been investigated. This study evaluates the lipid lowering effect of aqueous Ocimum basilicum extract in Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidaemic rats. Hyperlipidaemia was developed in animals by intraperitoneal injection of Triton (200 mg/kg). After injection of Triton the animals were divided into three treatment groups: hyperlipidaemic, hyperlipidaemic plus herb extract and hyperlipidaemic plus fenofibrate treated rats. At 7 h after the Triton injection, levels of plasma cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol in rats treated also with the Ocimum basilicum extract (0.5 g/100 g body weight) were, respectively, 50%, 83% and 79% lower than Triton-treated rats and HDL-cholesterol was 129% higher than in rats given Triton alone. At 24 h following Ocimum basilicum administration, total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol levels decreased by 56%, 63% and 68%, respectively, in comparison with the Triton treated group and HDL-cholesterol was not increased significantly. The hypolipidaemic effect exerted by Ocimum basilicum extract was markedly stronger than the effect induced by fenofibrate treatments. Further it was demonstrated that Ocimum basilicum aqueous extract displayed a very high antioxidant power. These results indicate that Ocimum basilicum extract may contain hypolipidaemic and antioxidant substances and its use as a therapeutic tool in hyperlipidaemic subjects may be of benefit and encourage further investigation in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souliman Amrani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed I, Oujda, Morocco.
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Otero P, Bonet B, Herrera E, Rabano A. Development of atherosclerosis in the diabetic BALB/c mice. Prevention with Vitamin E administration. Atherosclerosis 2005; 182:259-65. [PMID: 16159598 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2004] [Revised: 01/07/2005] [Accepted: 02/09/2005] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine in the BALB/c mice, a model of development of atherosclerosis when both hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia are present, whether the atherogenic effects of these parameters could be decreased with the administration of Vitamin E. BALB/c mice were made diabetic and divided in three groups: one fed the standard rodent chow diet (D); the other two fed an atherogenic diet (D+A); one of them supplemented with Vitamin E (D+A+E). Two groups of non diabetic animals were also performed, one fed the standard diet (C) and the other the atherogenic diet (C+A). After 16 weeks of treatment all the control animals survived, in contrast, a mortality rate of 12, 70 and 37% was observed, respectively, in the D, D+A and D+A+E groups. Neither fatty deposits nor macrophages were observed in the arterial wall of the animals fed the standard diet (D and C animals). In contrast, this finding was observed in 25% of the C+A, 71% of the D+A and 33% of the D+A+E. In conclusion, diabetic mice fed an atherogenic diet showed in the aorta a higher number of fatty deposits and macrophages than the control animals. These effects were partially reversed with the administration of Vitamin E, supporting in this model the role of oxidative stress in the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Otero
- Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales y de la Salud, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Madrid, Spain
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Chirieac DV, Chirieac LR, Corsetti JP, Cianci J, Sparks CE, Sparks JD. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion suppresses hepatic triglyceride-rich lipoprotein and apoB production. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2000; 279:E1003-11. [PMID: 11052954 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.2000.279.5.e1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The current study assessed in vivo the effect of insulin on triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TRL) production by rat liver. Hepatic triglyceride and apolipoprotein B (apoB) production were measured in anesthetized, fasted rats injected intravenously with Triton WR-1339 (400 mg/kg). After intravascular catabolism was blocked by detergent treatment, glucose (500 mg/kg) was injected to elicit insulin secretion, and serum triglyceride and apoB accumulation were monitored over the next 3 h. In glucose-injected rats, triglyceride secretion averaged 22.5 +/- 2.1 microg.ml(-1).min(-1), which was significantly less by 30% than that observed in saline-injected rats, which averaged 32.1 +/- 1.4 microg.ml(-1).min(-1). ApoB secretion was also significantly reduced by 66% in glucose-injected rats. ApoB immunoblotting indicated that both B100 and B48 production were significantly reduced after glucose injection. Results support the conclusion that insulin acts in vivo to suppress hepatic very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglyceride and apoB secretion and strengthen the concept of a regulatory role for insulin in VLDL metabolism postprandially.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Chirieac
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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Kalopissis AD, Griffaton G, Fau D. Inhibition of hepatic very-low-density lipoprotein secretion in obese Zucker rats adapted to a high-protein diet. Metabolism 1995; 44:19-29. [PMID: 7854160 DOI: 10.1016/0026-0495(95)90284-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The effect of a high-protein (HP) diet on hepatic very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion was studied in obese and lean Zucker rats. With the control (C) diet, isolated hepatocytes from obese as compared with lean rats displayed higher uptake of [1-14C]oleate 0.7 mmol/L, 95% of which was esterified to glycerolipids; greater oleate incorporation into VLDL-triacylglycerol (TG); 2.6 times higher total VLDL-TG secretion; and 11-fold higher de novo fatty acid synthesis. Adaptation to HP feeding decreased weight gains in both phenotypes and hepatocyte TG content in obese rats. Oleate uptake by hepatocytes was appreciably reduced in the obese phenotype only. Despite esterification rates similar to those for the C diet, oleate incorporation into VLDL-TG decreased by 34% and 55% in obese and lean rats, respectively. Total (mass) VLDL-TG secretion was drastically decreased by 65% and 48% in obese and lean rat hepatocytes, respectively. HP feeding combined with overnight fasting accentuated the above decreases. Fatty acid synthesis was 50% lower in cells from HP-fed obese rats, but increased 1.7-fold in lean ones. Plasma glucagon increased in both phenotypes under HP feeding, whereas plasma insulin either increased (obese) or decreased (lean), with the insulin to glucagon ratio slightly decreasing. Thus, HP feeding drastically inhibited hepatic VLDL secretion in obese and lean Zucker rats by an undefined mechanism that was apparently related neither to de novo fatty acid synthesis nor to changes in oleate partitioning between esterification and oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Kalopissis
- INSERM U 177, Institut Biomédical des Cordeliers, Paris, France
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Herzberg GR, Rogerson M. Dietary fat eliminates the stimulation of hepatic triacylglycerol secretion in fructose-fed rats. Nutr Res 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0271-5317(05)80023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Govindarajan VS, Sathyanarayana MN. Capsicum--production, technology, chemistry, and quality. Part V. Impact on physiology, pharmacology, nutrition, and metabolism; structure, pungency, pain, and desensitization sequences. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 1991; 29:435-74. [PMID: 2039598 DOI: 10.1080/10408399109527536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The spice Capsicum is the fruit of the cultivated species of the genus Capsicum (family, Solanaceae), C. annuum principally, and C. frutescens L. to a lesser extent. A third variety of C. annuum var. annuum fruits, the large-sized, fleshy bell capsicum is used as a fresh vegetable and valued for its aroma, color, and crisp texture, but with no pungency. This variety is not considered in this series of reviews covering primary processing, production, international trade, chemistry, and biochemistry of functional components--the red keto carotenoids, the aromatic volatiles and the pungent capsaicinoids in Parts I to III. The valid qualitative aspects correlating the specific components of capsicum and their sensory responses are critically covered in Part IV. In this the concluding part of the series of reviews, the significant preference of the spice for initially evoking an aversive response, its potent physiological and pharmacological effects, and the aspects of structure-activity relationships of the pungent stimuli of the capsaicinoids are reviewed. The beneficial effects particularly associated with long usage by some ethnic groups and its safe consumption levels, with a critical review of the studies on the gastrointestinal tract, the cardiovascular system, the sensory system, thermoregulation, nutritional impacts, and an overview of the five series is also detailed.
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Abstract
In contrast to water-soluble fuels such as glucose or ketone bodies, the use of lipids as an energy source for tissues has required the development of complex structures for their transport through the aqueous plasma. In the case of endogenously synthesized triacylglycerol this is achieved by the assembly and secretion of hepatic VLDL which provides the necessary stability in an aqueous medium. An essential component of this assembly process is apo B. Dietary changes which require an increase in hepatic VLDL secretion appear to be accompanied by increases in the availability of functional apo B. Interesting questions relate to: (a) the intracellular site(s) of triacylglycerol association with apo B, and (b) the mechanism(s) by which the availability of functional apo B at this site responds to metabolic and hormonal signals which reflect dietary status and, thus, the need to secrete triacylglycerol. As regards the latter, although in some cases changes in apo B synthesis occur in response to VLDL secretion hepatic apo B mRNA levels appear to be quite stable in vitro. Intracellular switching of apo B between the secretory and degradative pathways may be important in controlling VLDL assembly and post-translational modifications of the apoprotein may also play a role by influencing its ability to bind to triacylglycerol. Transport is not the only problem associated with the utilization of a concentrated energy source such as triacylglycerol and the complex problems of waste product disposal and recycling have to be dealt with. In the case of triacylglycerol, potentially toxic waste products include atherogenic remnants and LDL. The overall problem, then, in the long-term, involves the development of a 'safe' means of utilizing triacylglycerol and this requirement accounts for much of the complexity of plasma lipoprotein metabolism. In this area, the rat could teach the human a few tricks. One of these appears to be the utilization of hepatic apo B48 rather than apo B100 for VLDL assembly in response to increases in the extrahepatic utilization of hepatically synthesized triacylglycerol. Under these conditions, the remnants of hepatic triacylglycerol utilization by peripheral tissues are cleared from the plasma much more readily via a process which seems to involve the cycling of more triacylglycerol back to the liver than that which occurs in humans. The means by which this is achieved, though, are obscure and may involve a chylomicron remnant receptor, the nature of which, itself, remains controversial.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Gibbons
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, U.K
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Groot PH, de Boer BC, Haddeman E, Houtsmuller UM, Hülsmann WC. Effect of dietary fat composition on the metabolism of triacylglycerol-rich plasma lipoproteins in the postprandial phase in meal-fed rats. J Lipid Res 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)38505-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Oussadou L, Kalopissis AD, Francone OL, Griffaton G. Intestinal very-low-density lipoprotein secretion in the genetically obese Zucker rat. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1988; 959:76-83. [PMID: 3345312 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(88)90151-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to measure intestinal very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) production in obese Zucker rats and to assess an eventual effect of a high-fat diet. VLDL secretion was specifically inhibited by orotic acid, and intestinal VLDL output was measured following the Triton WR-1339 method. After a control diet, total VLDL secretion (without orotic acid) was 4.8 +/- 0.3 and 1.4 +/- 0.1 mg triacylglycerol/ml in obese and lean rats, respectively, decreasing by 30% in obese rats after fat-feeding. Intestinal VLDL production was similar in obese and lean rats fed the control diet (0.32 +/- 0.05 and 0.27 +/- 0.05 mg triacylglycerol/ml, respectively), increasing 2.5-fold after fat-feeding in both genotypes. Thus, intestine contributed 21 and 60% of total VLDL in lean but only 7 and 24% in obese rats with the control and high-fat diets, respectively. These results show that the intestine of obese Zucker rats does not contribute to their hypertriglyceridemia, suggesting that it originates solely from liver. Moreover, their intestinal VLDL production was stimulated by fat-feeding to the same extent as in lean animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Oussadou
- Groupe de Recherches sur la Physiopathologie de la Nutrition, Institut Biomédical des Cordeliers, Paris, France
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Nagata Y, Zilversmit DB. Blockade of intestinal lipoprotein clearance in rabbits injected with Triton WR 1339-ethyl oleate. J Lipid Res 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)38665-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Kiens B, Essen-Gustavsson B, Gad P, Lithell H. Lipoprotein lipase activity and intramuscular triglyceride stores after long-term high-fat and high-carbohydrate diets in physically trained men. CLINICAL PHYSIOLOGY (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 1987; 7:1-9. [PMID: 3545651 DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-097x.1987.tb00628.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Men with regular physical training habits voluntarily increased their dietary fat intake from 43 to 54% of energy (E%) for four weeks. This was followed by a low-fat (29 E%), high-carbohydrate diet for another four weeks. During the high-fat diet period, the muscle lipoprotein lipase activity (LPLA) increased from 59 +/- 8 to 106 +/- 12 mU/g (mean +/- SE) (P less than 0.05). After the high-carbohydrate diet, LPLA was 57 +/- 16 mU/g, and unchanged relative to the pre-trial value. The triglyceride content in m. vastus lateralis increased from 30 +/- 4 to 47 +/- 9 mmol/kg d.w. (P less than 0.05; mean +/- SE) following the high-fat diet and to 41 +/- 8 following the high-carbohydrate diet. Neither of the diets affected the serum triglyceride and insulin concentrations, nor glucose, glycerol, beta-hydroxybutyrate, citrate and lactate levels in the blood. Nor did they alter enzyme activities in muscle used as markers for the oxidative (citrate synthase, beta-hydroxy-acyl CoA dehydrogenase) and glycolytic (glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase) capacity. It is concluded that one month's adaptation to a high-fat diet results in increased muscle-LPL activity indicating a higher capacity for uptake of fatty acids from circulating serum triglycerides into the muscle cell in association with a greater capacity for triglyceride storage in the muscle. Under these conditions serum triglycerides were not decreased despite the increased muscle LPLA, and serum insulin variations could not explain the change in muscle LPLA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Thompson PD, Cullinane EM, Eshleman R, Kantor MA, Herbert PN. The effects of high-carbohydrate and high-fat diets on the serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations of endurance athletes. Metabolism 1984; 33:1003-10. [PMID: 6436637 DOI: 10.1016/0026-0495(84)90228-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effects of high-carbohydrate and high-fat diets on the serum lipid levels of distance runners. For seven days before each study, subjects consumed a diet containing 15% protein, 32% fat, and 53% carbohydrate. During 14-day experimental periods, a control group (n = 10) continued the same diet while two other groups consumed 69% of their calories as either carbohydrate (n = 13) or fat (n = 14). High-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol decreased 9% during the high-carbohydrate diet because of a 26% fall in the HDL2 fraction (1.063 to 1.125 g/mL). These changes were not accompanied by changes in the levels of apolipoproteins (apo) A-I or A-II. Total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol initially decreased but subsequently exceeded pre-diet values while triglyceride concentrations increased 30% to 50%. Postheparin lipoprotein lipase activity (LPLA) fell 20%. Despite these dietary effects, HDL and HDL2 cholesterol concentrations in the athletes remained above values typical of sedentary men. The high-fat diet produced different effects on the serum lipids and lipoprotein levels of the athletes. HDL levels changed little during the study although HDL-cholesterol and apo A-I on the last diet day were both slightly above initial values. The high-fat diet provided 111 g of saturated fat per day but had surprisingly little effect on total and LDL-cholesterol whereas serum triglycerides fell by 10% to 20%. Postheparin LPLA increased 30% with fat feeding and the changes in LPLA correlated with alterations in triglyceride levels (r = -0.53, P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Frost SC, Clark WA, Wells MA. Studies on fat digestion, absorption, and transport in the suckling rat. IV. In vivo rates of triacylglycerol secretion by intestine and liver. J Lipid Res 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)37935-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Kalopissis AD, Griglio S, Le Liepvre X. Intestinal very low density lipoprotein secretion in rats fed various amounts of fat. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1982; 711:33-9. [PMID: 7066371 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(82)90006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
1. The effect of a high-fat diet (30% fat by wt.) on intestinal very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion was studied in male rats after specific inhibition of hepatic VLDL secretion by dietary orotic acid. Total VLDL secretion (from liver and intestine) was measured in animals not receiving orotic acid. 2. Fat-feeding resulted in a 32% decreased post-Triton secretion of total serum VLDL triacylglycerols as compared to a control (low fat) diet. Concomitantly, a large stimulation of post-Triton intestinal VLDL triacylglycerols secretion was measured in fat-fed rats. Thus, the major part (64%) of circulating triacylglycerols transported as VLDL originated from the intestine in these animals, leading presumably to an increased secretion of intestinal apolipoproteins. 3. Intestinal VLDL and chylomicron secretion rates increased with the amount of fat in the diet (7, 13, 20 or 30% fat by wt.). Whereas the chylomicron secretion was linearly related to the dietary fat content, the relationship between intestinal VLDL secretion and fat content of the diet was sigmoidal. The highest stimulation of intestinal VLDL formation was observed within a narrow range of dietary fat content (between 10 and 20%).
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Scharm M, Menden E. [Long-term effects of various levels of dietary proteins as well as starch and sucrose as dietary carbohydrates on lipoprotein metabolism in the rat]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ERNAHRUNGSWISSENSCHAFT 1982; 21:57-66. [PMID: 7072278 DOI: 10.1007/bf02023041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The repeatedly reported effect of proteins on lipoprotein metabolism leaves the question if this is caused mainly by the amount of amino acid composition of the protein itself, by the accompanying fat of cholesterol content, or by the contemporary predominant kind of carbohydrate in the diet. The conducted experiments with male rats, feeding them in 6 groups of 20 animals for one year semipurified, cholesterol-free diets with constantly 40 (J-)% fat in all diets, 13% (I), 20% (II, III, IV) or 40% (V, VI) protein and complementary carbohydrates (50% starch, 50% sucrose). III received sucrose only, IV starch only. VI was given additionally 0.8% arginine (arg). Rats on 40% protein exhibited higher total plasma cholesterol levels in comparison to 13% protein, HDL values were nearly identical in I, II, III, IV, and increased in V and VI. LDL was increased in V, compared to all other groups. CONCLUSION The level of dietary protein alone may influence amount and distribution of lipoproteins in rats. LDL may be decreased by addition of arg, HDL remains unchanged. The type of carbohydrate had no influence on HDL or LDL on conditions of our experiment, whereas earlier experiments showed elevation of LDL values with sucrose in comparison to starch if cholesterol was present in the diet.
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Kalopissis AD, Griglio S, Malewiak MI, Rozen R, Liepvre XL. Very-low-density-lipoprotein secretion by isolated hepatocytes of fat-fed rats. Biochem J 1981; 198:373-7. [PMID: 7326012 PMCID: PMC1163258 DOI: 10.1042/bj1980373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The very-low-density-lipoprotein secretion rate of isolated hepatocytes obtained from rats fed a high-fat diet was half that of cells from control animals. In fat-fed rats, the initial cellular uptake of [l-14C]oleate in vitro was decreased by 25%, its esterification to triacylglycerols and phospholipids by 50% and its incorporation into very-low-density-lipoprotein triacylglycerols by 70%. Exogenous oleate was not the main precursor of very-low-density lipoproteins in these animals. Lipogenesis, a minor source of very-low-density lipoproteins with the control diet in our experimental conditions, was inhibited by 84% after fat-feeding. A short-term inhibition of lipogenesis in vitro did not result in a decrease in very-low-density-lipoprotein secretion rate. The results suggest that fat-feeding decreased availability of exogenous as well as endogenous fatty acids for synthesis of very-low-density lipoproteins.
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