1
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Canals D, Hannun YA. Biological function, topology, and quantification of plasma membrane Ceramide. Adv Biol Regul 2024; 91:101009. [PMID: 38128364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2023.101009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 30 years, a growing body of evidence has revealed the regulatory role of the lipid ceramide in various cellular functions. The structural diversity of ceramide, resulting in numerous species, and its distinct distribution within subcellular compartments may account for its wide range of functions. However, our ability to study the potential role of ceramide in specific subcellular membranes has been limited. Several works have shown mitochondrial, Golgi, and plasma membrane ceramide to mediate signaling pathways independently. These results have started to shift the focus on ceramide signaling research toward specific membrane pools. Nonetheless, the challenge arises from the substantial intracellular ceramide content, hindering efforts to quantify its presence in particular membranes. Recently, we have developed the first method capable of detecting and quantifying ceramide in the plasma membrane, leading to unexpected results such as detecting different pools of ceramide responding to drug concentration or time. This review summarizes the historical context that defined the idea of pools of ceramide, the studies on plasma membrane ceramide as a bioactive entity, and the tools available for its study, especially the new method to detect and, for the first time, quantify plasma membrane ceramide. We believe this method will open new avenues for researching sphingolipid signaling and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Canals
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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2
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Baum JF, Bredegaard L, Herrera SA, Pomorski TG. Visualizing NBD-lipid Uptake in Mammalian Cells by Confocal Microscopy. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4771. [PMID: 37456343 PMCID: PMC10338633 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells use a series of membrane transporters to control the movement of lipids across their plasma membrane. Several tools and techniques have been developed to analyze the activity of these transporters in the plasma membrane of mammalian cells. Among them, assays based on fluorescence microscopy in combination with fluorescent lipid probes are particularly suitable, allowing visualization of lipid internalization in living cells. Here, we provide a step-by-step protocol for mammalian cell culture, lipid probe preparation, cell labeling, and confocal imaging to monitor lipid internalization by lipid flippases at the plasma membrane based on lipid probes carrying a fluorophore at a short-chain fatty acid. The protocol allows studying a wide range of mammalian cell lines, to test the impact of gene knockouts on lipid internalization at the plasma membrane and changes in lipid uptake during cell differentiation. Key features Visualization and quantification of lipid internalization by lipid flippases at the plasma membrane based on confocal microscopy. Assay is performed on living adherent mammalian cells in culture. The protocol can be easily modified to a wide variety of mammalian cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia F. Baum
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lasse Bredegaard
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sara Abad Herrera
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Günther Pomorski
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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3
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Schmieder SS, Tatituri R, Anderson M, Kelly K, Lencer WI. Structural basis for acyl chain control over glycosphingolipid sorting and vesicular trafficking. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111063. [PMID: 35830800 PMCID: PMC9358721 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex sphingolipids exhibit a diversity of ceramide acyl chain structures that influence their trafficking and intracellular distributions, but it remains unclear how the cell discerns among the different ceramides to affect such sorting. To address the mechanism, we synthesize a library of GM1 glycosphingolipids with naturally varied acyl chains and quantitatively assess their sorting among different endocytic pathways. We find that a stretch of at least 14 saturated carbons extending from C1 at the water-bilayer interface dictate lysosomal sorting by exclusion from endosome sorting tubules. Sorting to the lysosome by the C14∗ motif is cholesterol dependent. Perturbations of the C14∗ motif by unsaturation enable GM1 entry into endosomal sorting tubules of the recycling and retrograde pathways independent of cholesterol. Unsaturation occurring beyond the C14∗ motif in very long acyl chains rescues lysosomal sorting. These results define a structural motif underlying the membrane organization of sphingolipids and implicate cholesterol-sphingolipid nanodomain formation in sorting mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raju Tatituri
- Division of Rheumatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael Anderson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Digestive Diseases Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kate Kelly
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wayne I Lencer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Digestive Diseases Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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4
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Ozawa H, Miyazawa T, Miyazawa T. Effects of Dietary Food Components on Cognitive Functions in Older Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:2804. [PMID: 34444965 PMCID: PMC8398286 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Population aging has recently been an important issue as the number of elderly people is growing worldwide every year, and the extension of social security costs is financially costly. The increase in the number of elderly people with cognitive decline is a serious problem related to the aging of populations. Therefore, it is necessary to consider not only physical care but also cognitive patterns in the future care of older adults. Since food contains a variety of bioactive substances, dietary patterns may help improve age-related cognitive decline. However, the relationship between cognitive function and individual food components remains ambiguous as no clear efficacy or mechanism has been confirmed. Against this background, this review summarizes previous reports on the biological process of cognitive decline in the elderly and the relationship between individual compounds in foods and cognitive function, as well as the role of individual components of food in cognitive function, in the following order: lipids, carotenoids, vitamins, phenolic compounds, amino acids, peptides, and proteins. Based on the research presented in this review, a proper diet that preserves cognitive function has the potential to improve age-related cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Hopefully, this review will help to trigger the development of new foods and technologies that improve aging and cognitive functions and extend the healthy life span.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Teruo Miyazawa
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan; (H.O.); (T.M.)
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5
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Wang C, Gong Y, Deng F, Ding E, Tang J, Codling G, Challis JK, Green D, Wang J, Chen Q, Xie Y, Su S, Yang Z, Raine J, Jones PD, Tang S, Giesy JP. Remodeling of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) lipidome under a stimulated scenario of Arctic warming. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:3282-3298. [PMID: 33837644 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Arctic warming associated with global climate change poses a significant threat to populations of wildlife in the Arctic. Since lipids play a vital role in adaptation of organisms to variations in temperature, high-resolution mass-spectrometry-based lipidomics can provide insights into adaptive responses of organisms to a warmer environment in the Arctic and help to illustrate potential novel roles of lipids in the process of thermal adaption. In this study, we studied an ecologically and economically important species-Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus)-with a detailed multi-tissue analysis of the lipidome in response to chronic shifts in temperature using a validated lipidomics workflow. In addition, dynamic alterations in the hepatic lipidome during the time course of shifts in temperature were also characterized. Our results showed that early life stages of Arctic char were more susceptible to variations in temperature. One-year-old Arctic char responded to chronic increases in temperature with coordinated regulation of lipids, including headgroup-specific remodeling of acyl chains in glycerophospholipids (GP) and extensive alterations in composition of lipids in membranes, such as less lyso-GPs, and more ether-GPs and sphingomyelin. Glycerolipids (e.g., triacylglycerol, TG) also participated in adaptive responses of the lipidome of Arctic char. Eight-week-old Arctic char exhibited rapid adaptive alterations of the hepatic lipidome to stepwise decreases in temperature while showing blunted responses to gradual increases in temperature, implying an inability to adapt rapidly to warmer environments. Three common phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) (PE 36:6|PE 16:1_20:5, PE 38:7|PE 16:1_22:6, and PE 40:7|PE 18:1_22:6) were finally identified as candidate lipid biomarkers for temperature shifts via machine learning approach. Overall, this work provides additional information to a better understanding of underlying regulatory mechanisms of the lipidome of Arctic organisms in the face of near-future warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Yufeng Gong
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Fuchang Deng
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Enmin Ding
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Garry Codling
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Research Centre for Contaminants in the Environment, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Derek Green
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jing Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiliang Chen
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuwei Xie
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Shu Su
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Zilin Yang
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jason Raine
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Paul D Jones
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Song Tang
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - John P Giesy
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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6
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Karanth S, Azinfar A, Helm CA, Delcea M. Identification of a critical lipid ratio in raft-like phases exposed to nitric oxide: An AFM study. Biophys J 2021; 120:3103-3111. [PMID: 34197799 PMCID: PMC8390956 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid rafts are discrete, heterogeneous domains of phospholipids, sphingolipids, and sterols that are present in the cell membrane. They are responsible for conducting cell signaling and maintaining lipid-protein functionality. Redox-stress-induced modifications to any of their components can severely alter the mechanics and dynamics of the membrane causing impairment to the lipid-protein functionality. Here, we report on the effect of sphingomyelin (SM) in controlling membrane permeability and its role as a regulatory lipid in the presence of nitric oxide (NO). Force spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy imaging of raft-like phases (referring here to the coexistence of "liquid-ordered" and "liquid-disordered" phases in model bilayer membranes) prepared from lipids: 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC):SM:cholesterol (CH) (at three ratios) showed that the adhesion forces to pull the tip out of the membrane increased with increasing SM concentration, indicating decreased membrane permeability. However, in the presence of NO radical (1 and 5 μM), the adhesion forces decreased depending on SM concentration. The membrane was found to be stable at the ratio POPC:SM:CH (2:1:1) even when exposed to 1 μM NO. We believe that this is a critical ratio needed by the raft-like phases to maintain homeostasis under stress conditions. The stability could be due to an interplay existing between SM and CH. However, at 5 μM NO, membrane deteriorations were detected. For POPC:SM:CH (2:2:1) ratio, NO displayed a pro-oxidant behavior and damaged the membrane at both radical concentrations. These changes were reflected by the differences in the height profiles of the raft-like phases observed by atomic force microscopy imaging. Malondialdehyde (a peroxidation product) detection suggests that lipids may have undergone lipid nitroxidation. The changes were instantaneous and independent of radical concentration and incubation time. Our study underlines the need for identifying appropriate ratios in the lipid rafts of the cell membranes to withstand redox imbalances caused by radicals such as NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjai Karanth
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; ZIK-HIKE, Zentrum für Innovationskompetenz "Humorale Immunreaktionen bei kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen", Greifswald, Germany
| | - Amir Azinfar
- Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Mihaela Delcea
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; ZIK-HIKE, Zentrum für Innovationskompetenz "Humorale Immunreaktionen bei kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen", Greifswald, Germany; DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung), partnersite Greifswald, Germany.
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7
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Galford KF, Jose AM. The FDA-approved drugs ticlopidine, sertaconazole, and dexlansoprazole can cause morphological changes in C. elegans. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 261:127756. [PMID: 32731027 PMCID: PMC7606649 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Urgent need for treatments limit studies of therapeutic drugs before approval by regulatory agencies. Analyses of drugs after approval can therefore improve our understanding of their mechanism of action and enable better therapies. We screened a library of 1443 Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs using a simple assay in the nematode C. elegans and found three compounds that caused morphological changes. While the anticoagulant ticlopidine and the antifungal sertaconazole caused both accumulations that resulted in distinct distortions of pharyngeal anatomy and lethality upon acute exposure, the proton-pump inhibitor dexlansoprazole caused molting defects and required exposure during larval development. Such easily detectable defects in a powerful genetic model system advocate the continued exploration of current medicines using a variety of model organisms to better understand drugs already prescribed to millions of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle F Galford
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Antony M Jose
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
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8
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Zheng L, Fleith M, Giuffrida F, O'Neill BV, Schneider N. Dietary Polar Lipids and Cognitive Development: A Narrative Review. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:1163-1176. [PMID: 31147721 PMCID: PMC6855982 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Polar lipids are amphiphilic lipids with a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail. Polar lipids mainly include phospholipids and sphingolipids. They are structural components of neural tissues, with the peak rate of accretion overlapping with neurodevelopmental milestones. The critical role of polar lipids in cognitive development is thought to be mediated through the regulation of signal transduction, myelination, and synaptic plasticity. Animal products (egg, meat, and dairy) are the major dietary sources of polar lipids for children and adults, whereas human milk and infant formula provide polar lipids to infants. Due to the differences observed in both concentration and proportion of polar lipids in human milk, the estimated daily intake in infants encompasses a wide range. In addition, health authorities define neither intake recommendations nor guidelines for polar lipid intake. However, adequate intake is defined for 2 nutrients that are elements of these polar lipids, namely choline and DHA. To date, limited studies exist on the brain bioavailability of dietary polar lipids via either placental transfer or the blood-brain barrier. Nevertheless, due to their role in pre- and postnatal development of the brain, there is a growing interest for the use of gangliosides, which are sphingolipids, as a dietary supplement for pregnant/lactating mothers or infants. In line with this, supplementing gangliosides and phospholipids in wild-type animals and healthy infants does suggest some positive effects on cognitive performance. Whether there is indeed added benefit of supplementing polar lipids in pregnant/lactating mothers or infants requires more clinical research. In this article, we report findings of a review of the state-of-the-art evidence on polar lipid supplementation and cognitive development. Dietary sources, recommended intake, and brain bioavailability of polar lipids are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zheng
- Nestec Ltd., Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Vlahos R. Lipids in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Target for Future Therapy? Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 62:273-274. [PMID: 31577908 PMCID: PMC7055703 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0338ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ross Vlahos
- School of Health and Biomedical SciencesRMIT UniversityBundoora, Victoria, Australia
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10
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Kol M, Williams B, Toombs-Ruane H, Franquelim HG, Korneev S, Schroeer C, Schwille P, Trauner D, Holthuis JC, Frank JA. Optical manipulation of sphingolipid biosynthesis using photoswitchable ceramides. eLife 2019; 8:43230. [PMID: 30720434 PMCID: PMC6386522 DOI: 10.7554/elife.43230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramides are central intermediates of sphingolipid metabolism that also function as potent messengers in stress signaling and apoptosis. Progress in understanding how ceramides execute their biological roles is hampered by a lack of methods to manipulate their cellular levels and metabolic fate with appropriate spatiotemporal precision. Here, we report on clickable, azobenzene-containing ceramides, caCers, as photoswitchable metabolic substrates to exert optical control over sphingolipid production in cells. Combining atomic force microscopy on model bilayers with metabolic tracing studies in cells, we demonstrate that light-induced alterations in the lateral packing of caCers lead to marked differences in their metabolic conversion by sphingomyelin synthase and glucosylceramide synthase. These changes in metabolic rates are instant and reversible over several cycles of photoswitching. Our findings disclose new opportunities to probe the causal roles of ceramides and their metabolic derivatives in a wide array of sphingolipid-dependent cellular processes with the spatiotemporal precision of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs Kol
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Ben Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Henry Toombs-Ruane
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Henri G Franquelim
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sergei Korneev
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Christian Schroeer
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Petra Schwille
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Joost Cm Holthuis
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - James A Frank
- The Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, United States
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Kumari P, Kaur S, Sharma S, Kashyap HK. Impact of amphiphilic molecules on the structure and stability of homogeneous sphingomyelin bilayer: Insights from atomistic simulations. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:165102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5021310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Supreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Shobha Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Hemant K. Kashyap
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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12
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Chung CG, Kwon MJ, Jeon KH, Hyeon DY, Han MH, Park JH, Cha IJ, Cho JH, Kim K, Rho S, Kim GR, Jeong H, Lee JW, Kim T, Kim K, Kim KP, Ehlers MD, Hwang D, Lee SB. Golgi Outpost Synthesis Impaired by Toxic Polyglutamine Proteins Contributes to Dendritic Pathology in Neurons. Cell Rep 2018; 20:356-369. [PMID: 28700938 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrite aberration is a common feature of neurodegenerative diseases caused by protein toxicity, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. Here, we show that nuclear polyglutamine (polyQ) toxicity resulted in defective terminal dendrite elongation accompanied by a loss of Golgi outposts (GOPs) and a decreased supply of plasma membrane (PM) in Drosophila class IV dendritic arborization (da) (C4 da) neurons. mRNA sequencing revealed that genes downregulated by polyQ proteins included many secretory pathway-related genes, including COPII genes regulating GOP synthesis. Transcription factor enrichment analysis identified CREB3L1/CrebA, which regulates COPII gene expression. CrebA overexpression in C4 da neurons restores the dysregulation of COPII genes, GOP synthesis, and PM supply. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-PCR revealed that CrebA expression is regulated by CREB-binding protein (CBP), which is sequestered by polyQ proteins. Furthermore, co-overexpression of CrebA and Rac1 synergistically restores the polyQ-induced dendrite pathology. Collectively, our results suggest that GOPs impaired by polyQ proteins contribute to dendrite pathology through the CBP-CrebA-COPII pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Geon Chung
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jee Kwon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Hye Jeon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea; Department of Family Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Young Hyeon
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Hoon Han
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyang Park
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - In Jun Cha
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Cho
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunhyung Kim
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangchul Rho
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Ree Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyobin Jeong
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - TaeSoo Kim
- Department of Life Science and the Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Keetae Kim
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Daehee Hwang
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea; Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Bae Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Kuzmenko DI, Klimentyeva TK. Role of Ceramide in Apoptosis and Development of Insulin Resistance. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 81:913-27. [PMID: 27682164 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916090017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This review presents data on the functional biochemistry of ceramide, one of the key sphingolipids with properties of a secondary messenger. Molecular mechanisms of the involvement of ceramide in apoptosis in pancreatic β-cells and its role in the formation of insulin resistance in pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes are reviewed. One of the main predispositions for the development of insulin resistance and diabetes is obesity, which is associated with ectopic fat deposition and significant increase in intracellular concentrations of cytotoxic ceramides. A possible approach to the restoration of tissue sensitivity to insulin in type 2 diabetes based on selective reduction of the content of cytotoxic ceramides is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Kuzmenko
- Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Tomsk, 634050, Russia.
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14
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Chung HY, Hupe DC, Otto GP, Sprenger M, Bunck AC, Dorer MJ, Bockmeyer CL, Deigner HP, Gräler MH, Claus RA. Acid Sphingomyelinase Promotes Endothelial Stress Response in Systemic Inflammation and Sepsis. Mol Med 2016; 22:412-423. [PMID: 27341515 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2016.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of sepsis involves activation of acid sphingomyelinase (SMPD1) with subsequent generation of the bioactive mediator ceramide. We herein evaluated the hypothesis that the enzyme exerts biological effects in endothelial stress response. Plasma-secreted sphingomyelinase activity, ceramide generation and lipid raft formation were measured in human microcirculatory endothelial cells (HMEC-1) stimulated with serum obtained from sepsis patients. Clustering of receptors relevant for signal transduction was studied by immuno staining. The role of SMPD1 for macrodomain formation was tested by pharmacological inhibition. To confirm the involvement of the stress enzyme, direct inhibitors (amino bisphosphonates) and specific downregulation of the gene was tested with respect to ADAMTS13 expression and cytotoxicity. Plasma activity and amount of SMPD1 were increased in septic patients dependent on clinical severity. Increased breakdown of sphingomyelin to ceramide in HMECs was observed following stimulation with serum from sepsis patients in vitro. Hydrolysis of sphingomyelin, clustering of receptor complexes, such as the CD95L/Fas-receptor, as well as formation of ceramide enriched macrodomains was abrogated using functional inhibitors (desipramine and NB6). Strikingly, the stimulation of HMECs with serum obtained from sepsis patients or mixture of proinflammatory cytokines resulted in cytotoxicity and ADAMTS13 downregulation which was abrogated using desipramine, amino bisphosphonates and genetic inhibitors. SMPD1 is involved in the dysregulation of ceramide metabolism in endothelial cells leading to macrodomain formation, cytotoxicity and downregulation of ADAMTS13 expression. Functional inhibitors, such as desipramine, are capable to improve endothelial stress response during sepsis and might be considered as a pharmacological treatment strategy to favor the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Yeun Chung
- Center for Sepsis Control & Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Germany.,Department for Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany
| | - Daniel C Hupe
- Department for Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany
| | - Gordon P Otto
- Center for Sepsis Control & Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Germany.,Department for Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany
| | - Marcel Sprenger
- Department for Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany
| | - Alexander C Bunck
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael J Dorer
- Department for Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany
| | - Clemens L Bockmeyer
- Department of Nephropathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Deigner
- Hochschule Furtwangen University, Faculty Medical and Life Sciences, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus H Gräler
- Center for Sepsis Control & Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Germany.,Department for Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany
| | - Ralf A Claus
- Center for Sepsis Control & Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Germany.,Department for Anesthesiology & Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Germany
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15
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Abe M, Kobayashi T. Dynamics of sphingomyelin- and cholesterol-enriched lipid domains during cytokinesis. Methods Cell Biol 2016; 137:15-24. [PMID: 28065303 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2016.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sphingomyelin (SM) and cholesterol (Chol) are the major lipids in the mammalian cells, which are mainly localized to the plasma membrane. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that these lipids form local lipid domains in the plasma membrane, playing functional roles in the cell. Several observations have suggested that these lipid domains are required for cytokinesis. In this chapter, we show the methods for visualizing SM-rich and/or Chol-rich membrane domains at cytokinesis by using specific lipid-binding proteins. Lysenin, equinatoxin II, perfringolysin O, and pleurotolysin A2 bind specifically to clustered SM-rich domain, dispersed SM-rich domain, Chol-rich domain, and SM/Chol mixtures, respectively. Nontoxic forms of these lipid-binding proteins fused to fluorescent proteins are used for imaging lipid domains in biological membranes at cytokinesis. The image analysis reveals the structures and functions of SM-rich and/or Chol-rich domains at the time of cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abe
- RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - T Kobayashi
- RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan; CNRS, Illkirch, France
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16
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Kishimoto T, Ishitsuka R, Kobayashi T. Detectors for evaluating the cellular landscape of sphingomyelin- and cholesterol-rich membrane domains. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:812-829. [PMID: 26993577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although sphingomyelin and cholesterol are major lipids of mammalian cells, the detailed distribution of these lipids in cellular membranes remains still obscure. However, the recent development of protein probes that specifically bind sphingomyelin and/or cholesterol provides new information about the landscape of the lipid domains that are enriched with sphingomyelin or cholesterol or both. Here, we critically summarize the tools to study distribution and dynamics of sphingomyelin and cholesterol. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: The cellular lipid landscape edited by Tim P. Levine and Anant K. Menon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reiko Ishitsuka
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kobayashi
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; INSERM U1060, Université Lyon 1, Villeurbanne 69621, France.
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17
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Bienias K, Fiedorowicz A, Sadowska A, Prokopiuk S, Car H. Regulation of sphingomyelin metabolism. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:570-81. [PMID: 26940196 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SFs) represent a large class of lipids playing diverse functions in a vast number of physiological and pathological processes. Sphingomyelin (SM) is the most abundant SF in the cell, with ubiquitous distribution within mammalian tissues, and particularly high levels in the Central Nervous System (CNS). SM is an essential element of plasma membrane (PM) and its levels are crucial for the cell function. SM content in a cell is strictly regulated by the enzymes of SM metabolic pathways, which activities create a balance between SM synthesis and degradation. The de novo synthesis via SM synthases (SMSs) in the last step of the multi-stage process is the most important pathway of SM formation in a cell. The SM hydrolysis by sphingomyelinases (SMases) increases the concentration of ceramide (Cer), a bioactive molecule, which is involved in cellular proliferation, growth and apoptosis. By controlling the levels of SM and Cer, SMSs and SMases maintain cellular homeostasis. Enzymes of SM cycle exhibit unique properties and diverse tissue distribution. Disturbances in their activities were observed in many CNS pathologies. This review characterizes the physiological roles of SM and enzymes controlling SM levels as well as their involvement in selected pathologies of the Central Nervous System, such as ischemia/hypoxia, Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), depression, schizophrenia and Niemann Pick disease (NPD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Bienias
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Fiedorowicz
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland; Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Immunobiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Sadowska
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Sławomir Prokopiuk
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Halina Car
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland.
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18
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Lovastatin reversed the enhanced sphingomyelin caused by 27-hydroxycholesterol in cultured vascular endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2015; 5:127-133. [PMID: 28955814 PMCID: PMC5600430 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins have pleiotropic properties which are involved in inhibiting the thrombogenic response. In this study, the effects of lovastatin on two phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin, were studied in cultured endothelial cells in the presence of an oxysterol, 27-hydroxycholesterol. After the cells were cultured with 50 nM of lovastatin for 60 h, lovastatin was found to decrease the incorporation of [3H]choline into phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin, inhibited CTP: phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CT) activity without altering the activity of sphingomyelin synthase and neutral sphingomyelinase. And lovastatin was not found to have a direct inhibitive effect on activity of CT. Exogenous mevalonic acid or cholesterol reversed the reduction of cholesterol concentration that was caused by lovastatin, but had no significant effect on the diminished [3H]sphingomyelin by lovastatin. The increase of [3H]sphingomyelin by 27-hydroxycholesterol was not detected in the presence of lovastatin. These findings suggest that (1) lovastatin can reduce sphingomyelin content by means of inhibiting phosphatidylcholine synthesis; and (2) The decrease in sphingomyelin is not related to the diminished cholesterol concentration or mevalonate-derived intermediates. This inhibitive effect of lovastatin on sphingomyelin may benefit cellular calcification caused by sphingomyelin.
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19
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Sudarkina OY, Filippenkov IB, Brodsky IB, Limborska SA, Dergunova LV. Comparative analysis of sphingomyelin synthase 1 gene expression at the transcriptional and translational levels in human tissues. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 406:91-9. [PMID: 25912551 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2427-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sphingomyelin synthase 1 (SMS1) catalyses the biosynthesis of sphingomyelin in eukaryotic cells. We have previously determined the structure of the SGMS1 gene encoding this enzyme and a number of its alternative transcripts. Here, we describe a study of the expression of the full-length SMS1 protein and the sum of the alternative transcripts encoding this protein in human tissues. The SMS1 protein and mRNA levels in tissues differed significantly and were not correlated, implying the active post-transcriptional regulation of SMS1 protein expression. The putative truncated isoforms of the SMS1 protein, which are encoded by a number of alternative transcripts, were not detected by immunoblotting and thus may be absent or present in only small amounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Yu Sudarkina
- Human Molecular Genetics Department, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 123182, Russia,
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20
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Vance JE. Phospholipid Synthesis and Transport in Mammalian Cells. Traffic 2014; 16:1-18. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean E. Vance
- Department of Medicine and Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids; University of Alberta; Edmonton AB Canada
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21
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Horibata Y, Sueyoshi N, Ito M. Expression of a Functional Sphingomyelinase ofPseudomonassp. TK4 in Mammalian Cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 71:603-6. [PMID: 17284826 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.60544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We report here the expression of a bacterial sphingomyelinase in mammalian cells as a functionally active form. A chimeric Pseudomonas sphingomyelinase fused with the lysosomal sorting motif of lysosomal acid phosphatase was sorted to lysosomes in mammalian cells. As expected, the chimeric SMase hydrolyzed sphingomyelin in vivo to produce ceramide, part of which was converted to glucosylceramide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Horibata
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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22
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Abe M, Kobayashi T. Imaging local sphingomyelin-rich domains in the plasma membrane using specific probes and advanced microscopy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1841:720-6. [PMID: 23860017 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Sphingomyelin (SM) is one of the major lipids in the mammalian plasma membrane. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that SM plays at least two functional roles in the cell, as a reservoir of lipid second messengers and as a platform for signaling molecules. To understand the molecular organization and dynamics of the SM-rich membrane domains, new approaches have been developed utilizing newly characterized specific SM-binding probes and state-of-the-art microscopy techniques. The toxic protein from the sea anemone, equinatoxin II, has been characterized as a specific probe for SM. The cytolytic protein from the earthworm, lysenin, has also been used as a SM-specific probe for the analysis of the heterogeneity of SM-rich membrane domains. Recently, using a non-toxic form of lysenin, we showed the spatial and temporal localization of SM in the plasma membrane by confocal and super-resolution microscopy. New microscopy techniques have also been introduced by other groups to help visualize membrane lipid domains. Here we review the most recent studies on imaging the SM-rich domains in biological membranes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled New Frontiers in Sphingolipid Biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Abe
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kobayashi
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan; INSERM U1060, Université Lyon1, INSA Lyon, Villeurbanne, France.
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23
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Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) is a lipid hydrolase that cleaves the sphingolipid, sphingomyelin, into ceramide. Mutations in the ASM gene (SMPD1) result in the rare lysosomal storage disorder, Niemann-Pick disease (NPD). In addition to its role in NPD, over the past two decades, the importance of sphingolipids, and ASM in particular, in normal physiology and the pathophysiology of numerous common diseases also has become known. For example, altered sphingolipid metabolism occurs in many cancers, generally reducing the levels of the pro-apoptotic lipid, ceramide, and/or elevating the levels of the proliferative lipid, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). These changes likely contribute to the tumorigenicity and/or metastatic capacity of the cancer. In addition, many cancer therapies induce ceramide-mediated death, and cancer cells have evolved novel mechanisms to overcome this effect. In the present review, we discuss sphingolipid metabolism in cancer, and specifically the potential for pharmacological modulation using ASM. Of note, recombinant human ASM (rhASM) has been produced for human use and is being evaluated as a treatment for NPD. Thus, its use for cancer therapy could be rapidly evaluated in the clinic after appropriate animal model studies have been completed. As this enzyme was initially studied in the context of NPD, we start with a brief overview of the history of ASM and NPD, followed by a discussion of the role of ASM in cancer biology, and then summarize emerging preclinical efficacy studies using rhASM as an adjunct in the treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radoslav Savić
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA
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24
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Petelska AD, Naumowicz M, Figaszewski ZA. Influence of pH on sphingomyelin monolayer at air/aqueous solution interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:13331-13335. [PMID: 22924621 DOI: 10.1021/la3028594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The pH dependence of the interfacial tension is an important factor in the behavior of sphingomyelin (SM) monolayers. We developed a theoretical model to describe this dependence in which the interfacial tension and molecular area contributions of each sphingomyelin form were additive and dependent on pH. The interfacial tension values and the molecular areas values for the SMH(+) and SMOH(-) forms of sphingomyelin were calculated and the proposed model was experimentally verified. The theoretical predictions agreed with the experimental results for pH values ranging from 2 to 12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Dorota Petelska
- Institute of Chemistry, University in Bialystok, Al. J. Pilsudskiego 11/4, 15-443 Bialystok, Poland.
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25
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Kulma M, Kwiatkowska K, Sobota A. Raft coalescence and FcγRIIA activation upon sphingomyelin clustering induced by lysenin. Cell Signal 2012; 24:1641-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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26
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Nsimba Zakanda F, Lins L, Nott K, Paquot M, Mvumbi Lelo G, Deleu M. Interaction of hexadecylbetainate chloride with biological relevant lipids. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:3524-33. [PMID: 22263671 DOI: 10.1021/la2040328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The present work investigates the interaction of hexadecylbetainate chloride (C(16)BC), a glycine betaine-based ester with palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (POPC), sphingomyelin (SM), and cholesterol (CHOL), three biological relevant lipids present in the outer leaflet of the mammalian plasma membrane. The binding affinity and the mixing behavior between the lipids and C(16)BC are discussed based on experimental (isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and Langmuir film balance) and molecular modeling studies. The results show that the interaction between C(16)BC and each lipid is thermodynamically favorable and does not affect the integrity of the lipid vesicles. The primary adsorption of C(16)BC into the lipid film is mainly governed by a hydrophobic effect. Once C(16)BC is inserted in the lipid film, the polar component of the interaction energy between C(16)BC and the lipid becomes predominant. Presence of CHOL increases the affinity of C(16)BC for membrane. This result can be explained by the optimal matching between C(16)BC and CHOL within the film rather by a change of membrane fluidity due to the presence of CHOL. The interaction between C(16)BC and SM is also favorable and gives rise to highly stable monolayers probably due to hydrogen bonds between their hydrophilic groups. The interaction of C(16)BC with POPC is less favorable but does not destabilize the mixed monolayer from a thermodynamic point of view. Interestingly, for all the monolayers investigated, the exclusion surface pressures are above the presumed lateral pressure of the plasma membranes suggesting that C(16)BC would be able to penetrate into mammalian plasma membranes in vivo. These results may serve as a useful basis in understanding the interaction of C(16)BC with real membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Nsimba Zakanda
- Unité de Chimie Biologique Industrielle, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech-University of Liege, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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27
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Yang Y, Uhlig S. The role of sphingolipids in respiratory disease. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2011; 5:325-44. [PMID: 21900155 DOI: 10.1177/1753465811406772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids form a broad class of lipids with diverse functions ranging from membrane constituents to intracellular second messengers and extracellular mediators. They can be rapidly generated or converted into each other and they play pivotal roles in various cellular processes, many of which are broadly associated with inflammation and apoptosis. Among the numerous sphingolipids, ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) have received the greatest attention. Ceramide is a hydrophobic molecule that is increased in the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Ceramide is the eponym for ceramide-rich membrane platforms. that need to form as a prerequisite to the uptake of several microorganisms including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and as a prerequisite to many signaling processes including apoptosis and increased vascular permeability. Accordingly, abnormal amounts of enzymes involved in the synthesis of ceramide, such as neutral or acid sphingomyelinase, are found in emphysematic smokers and in patients with severe sepsis, and are considered as novel pharmacological targets. S1P acts as an extracellular mediator that opposes several actions of ceramide and acts by binding to G-protein coupled S1P receptors (S1P(1)-S1P(5)). Of particular interest are S1P(1) receptors that enhance vascular barrier functions and are antiapoptotic. Therefore, S1P(1)-receptor ligands are suggested as novel drugs for COPD and acute lung injury. S1P is a potent chemotaxin for many leukocytes, it organizes lymphocyte trafficking and is involved in several key symptoms of asthma such as airway hyperresponsiveness and pulmonary eosinophil sequestration. S1P is formed by sphingosine kinases that have been identified as possible drug targets for the treatment of asthma. Based on these findings, several new drugs have recently been developed to specifically target sphingomyelinases, sphingosine kinases and S1P receptors for the treatment of COPD, cystic fibrosis, asthma and acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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28
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Berry KAZ, Hankin JA, Barkley RM, Spraggins JM, Caprioli RM, Murphy RC. MALDI imaging of lipid biochemistry in tissues by mass spectrometry. Chem Rev 2011; 111:6491-512. [PMID: 21942646 PMCID: PMC3199966 DOI: 10.1021/cr200280p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karin A. Zemski Berry
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Mail Stop 8303, 12801 E. 17 Ave., Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Joseph A. Hankin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Mail Stop 8303, 12801 E. 17 Ave., Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Robert M. Barkley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Mail Stop 8303, 12801 E. 17 Ave., Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Jeffrey M. Spraggins
- Department of Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, 9160 MRB 3, 465 21 Ave. S., Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Richard M. Caprioli
- Department of Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, 9160 MRB 3, 465 21 Ave. S., Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Robert C. Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Mail Stop 8303, 12801 E. 17 Ave., Aurora, CO 80045
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29
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Ferlazzo AM, Bruschetta G, Di Pietro P, Medica P, Notti A, Rotondo E. Phospholipid composition of plasma and erythrocyte membranes in animal species by 31P NMR. Vet Res Commun 2011; 35:521-30. [PMID: 21881904 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-011-9496-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide basal values of phospholipid (PL) composition in different animal species by 31P NMR analysis using detergents. This fast and accurate method allowed a quantitative analysis of PLs without any previous separation. Plasma and erythrocyte membrane PLs were investigated in mammals (pig, cow, horse). Moreover, for the first time, the composition of plasma PLs in avian (chicken and ostrich) was performed by 31P NMR. Significant qualitative and quantitative interspecies differences in plasma PL levels were found. Phosphatidilcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (SPH) levels were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in chicken plasma than all the other species tested. In erythrocytes, cow PC and phosphatidylcholine diarachidoyl were significantly lower (P < 0.001) than for pigs and horses, whereas pig PC presented intermediate values among cows and horses. Inorganic phosphate and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate levels were also significantly different between the species under investigation. The [SPH/total PLs] molar ratios in erythrocytes confirmed interspecies differences in phospholipid composition while the PC/SPH molar ratios could be related to a distinct erythrocyte flexibility and aggregability. Diet and nutrition may contribute primarily to the interspecies differences in plasma PL amounts detected. Significant differences between chicken plasma PC and SPH levels and those of the other animal species could be ascribed to a fat metabolism specific to egg production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alida Maria Ferlazzo
- Dipartimento di Morfologia, Biochimica, Fisiologia e Produzioni Animali, Sezione di Biochimica, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy.
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30
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Fernandes MC, Cortez M, Flannery AR, Tam C, Mortara RA, Andrews NW. Trypanosoma cruzi subverts the sphingomyelinase-mediated plasma membrane repair pathway for cell invasion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 208:909-21. [PMID: 21536739 PMCID: PMC3092353 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20102518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi takes advantage of a sphingomyelinase-dependent plasma membrane repair pathway to gain access to host cells. Upon host cell contact, the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi triggers cytosolic Ca2+ transients that induce exocytosis of lysosomes, a process required for cell invasion. However, the exact mechanism by which lysosomal exocytosis mediates T. cruzi internalization remains unclear. We show that host cell entry by T. cruzi mimics a process of plasma membrane injury and repair that involves Ca2+-dependent exocytosis of lysosomes, delivery of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane, and a rapid form of endocytosis that internalizes membrane lesions. Host cells incubated with T. cruzi trypomastigotes are transiently wounded, show increased levels of endocytosis, and become more susceptible to infection when injured with pore-forming toxins. Inhibition or depletion of lysosomal ASM, which blocks plasma membrane repair, markedly reduces the susceptibility of host cells to T. cruzi invasion. Notably, extracellular addition of sphingomyelinase stimulates host cell endocytosis, enhances T. cruzi invasion, and restores normal invasion levels in ASM-depleted cells. Ceramide, the product of sphingomyelin hydrolysis, is detected in newly formed parasitophorous vacuoles containing trypomastigotes but not in the few parasite-containing vacuoles formed in ASM-depleted cells. Thus, T. cruzi subverts the ASM-dependent ceramide-enriched endosomes that function in plasma membrane repair to infect host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cecilia Fernandes
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Usta E, Mustafi M, Artunc F, Walker T, Voth V, Aebert H, Ziemer G. The challenge to verify ceramide's role of apoptosis induction in human cardiomyocytes--a pilot study. J Cardiothorac Surg 2011; 6:38. [PMID: 21443760 PMCID: PMC3079610 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8090-6-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardioplegia and reperfusion of the myocardium may be associated with cardiomyocyte apoptosis and subsequent myocardial injury. In order to establish a pharmacological strategy for the prevention of these events, this study aimed to verify the reliability of our human cardiac model and to evaluate the pro-apoptotic properties of the sphingolipid second messenger ceramide and the anti-apoptotic properties of the acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor amitryptiline during simulated cardioplegia and reperfusion ex vivo. Methods Cardiac biopsies were retrieved from the right auricle of patients undergoing elective CABG before induction of cardiopulmonary bypass. Biopsies were exposed to ex vivo conditions of varying periods of cp/rep (30/10, 60/20, 120/40 min). Groups: I (untreated control, n = 10), II (treated control cp/rep, n = 10), III (cp/rep + ceramide, n = 10), IV (cp/rep + amitryptiline, n = 10) and V (cp/rep + ceramide + amitryptiline, n = 10). For detection of apoptosis anti-activated-caspase-3 and PARP-1 cleavage immunostaining were employed. Results In group I the percentage of apoptotic cardiomyocytes was significantly (p < 0.05) low if compared to group II revealing a time-dependent increase. In group III ceramid increased and in group IV amitryptiline inhibited apoptosis significantly (p < 0.05). In contrast in group V, under the influence of ceramide and amitryptiline the induction of apoptosis was partially suppressed. Conclusion Ceramid induces and amitryptiline suppresses apoptosis significantly in our ex vivo setting. This finding warrants further studies aiming to evaluate potential beneficial effects of selective inhibition of apoptosis inducing mediators on the suppression of ischemia/reperfusion injury in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engin Usta
- Children's University Hospital, Div, Congenital & Pediatric Cardiac Surgery; University Hospital Tübingen, Germany.
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Gomes MTR, Guimarães G, Frézard F, Kalapothakis E, Minozzo JC, Chaim OM, Veiga SS, Oliveira SC, Chávez-Olórtegui C. Determination of sphingomyelinase-D activity of Loxosceles venoms in sphingomyelin/cholesterol liposomes containing horseradish peroxidase. Toxicon 2011; 57:574-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Oda M, Takahashi M, Matsuno T, Uoo K, Nagahama M, Sakurai J. Hemolysis induced by Bacillus cereus sphingomyelinase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2010; 1798:1073-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2009] [Revised: 02/07/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Bakrac B, Kladnik A, Macek P, McHaffie G, Werner A, Lakey JH, Anderluh G. A toxin-based probe reveals cytoplasmic exposure of Golgi sphingomyelin. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:22186-95. [PMID: 20463009 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.105122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Although sphingomyelin is an important cellular lipid, its subcellular distribution is not precisely known. Here we use a sea anemone cytolysin, equinatoxin II (EqtII), which specifically binds sphingomyelin, as a new marker to detect cellular sphingomyelin. A purified fusion protein composed of EqtII and green fluorescent protein (EqtII-GFP) binds to the SM rich apical membrane of Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) II cells when added exogenously, but not to the SM-free basolateral membrane. When expressed intracellularly within MDCK II cells, EqtII-GFP colocalizes with markers for Golgi apparatus and not with those for nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum or plasma membrane. Colocalization with the Golgi apparatus was confirmed by also using NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Moreover, EqtII-GFP was enriched in cis-Golgi compartments isolated by gradient ultracentrifugation. The data reveal that EqtII-GFP is a sensitive probe for membrane sphingomyelin, which provides new information on cytosolic exposure, essential to understand its diverse physiological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biserka Bakrac
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Vecna Pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Paila YD, Ganguly S, Chattopadhyay A. Metabolic Depletion of Sphingolipids Impairs Ligand Binding and Signaling of Human Serotonin1A Receptors. Biochemistry 2010; 49:2389-97. [DOI: 10.1021/bi1001536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yamuna Devi Paila
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Sourav Ganguly
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Amitabha Chattopadhyay
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
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High fat diet induces ceramide and sphingomyelin formation in rat's liver nuclei. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 340:125-31. [PMID: 20174962 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0409-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity increases the risk for hepatic steatosis. Recent studies have demonstrated that high fat diet (HFD) may affect sphingolipid formation in skeletal muscles, heart, and other tissues. In this work we sought to investigate whether HFD feeding provokes changes in content and fatty acids (FAs) composition of sphingomyelin and ceramide at the level of liver and hepatic nuclei. Furthermore, we investigated whether the ceramide formation is related to the activity of either neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase) or acidic sphingomyelinase (A-SMase). Three weeks of HFD provision induced pronounced ceramide and sphingomyelin accumulation in both liver and hepatic nuclei, accompanied by increased activity of N-SMase but not A-SMase. Furthermore, a shift toward greater FAs saturation status in these sphingolipids was also observed. These findings support the conclusion that HFD has a major impact on sphingolipid metabolism not only in the liver, but also in hepatic nuclei.
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Wennekes T, van den Berg RJBHN, Boot RG, van der Marel GA, Overkleeft HS, Aerts JMFG. Glycosphingolipids--nature, function, and pharmacological modulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 48:8848-69. [PMID: 19862781 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200902620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the glycosphingolipids is generally attributed to Johan L. W. Thudichum, who in 1884 published on the chemical composition of the brain. In his studies he isolated several compounds from ethanolic brain extracts which he coined cerebrosides. He subjected one of these, phrenosin (now known as galactosylceramide), to acid hydrolysis, and this produced three distinct components. One he identified as a fatty acid and another proved to be an isomer of D-glucose, which is now known as D-galactose. The third component, with an "alkaloidal nature", presented "many enigmas" to Thudichum, and therefore he named it sphingosine, after the mythological riddle of the Sphinx. Today, sphingolipids and their glycosidated derivatives are the subjects of intense study aimed at elucidating their role in the structural integrity of the cell membrane, their participation in recognition and signaling events, and in particular their involvement in pathological processes that are at the basis of human disease (for example, sphingolipidoses and diabetes type 2). This Review details some of the recent findings on the biosynthesis, function, and degradation of glycosphingolipids in man, with a focus on the glycosphingolipid glucosylceramide. Special attention is paid to the clinical relevance of compounds directed at interfering with the factors responsible for glycosphingolipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Wennekes
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Panagiotopoulou V, Richardson G, Jensen OE, Rauch C. On a biophysical and mathematical model of Pgp-mediated multidrug resistance: understanding the “space–time” dimension of MDR. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2009; 39:201-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-009-0555-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Revised: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wennekes T, van den Berg R, Boot R, van der Marel G, Overkleeft H, Aerts J. Glycosphingolipide - Natur, Funktion und pharmakologische Modulierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200902620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Cadmium exposure-induced alterations in the lipid/phospholipids composition of rat brain microsomes and mitochondria. Neurosci Lett 2009; 464:108-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2009] [Revised: 07/25/2009] [Accepted: 08/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Petelska AD, Figaszewski ZA. pH Effect of the sphingomyelin membrane interfacial tension. J Membr Biol 2009; 230:11-9. [PMID: 19603129 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-009-9181-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effect of pH on the interfacial tension of a sphingomyelin membrane in aqueous solution has been studied. Three models describing H(+) and OH(-) ion adsorption on the bilayer lipid surface are presented. In models I and II, the membrane surface is continuous, with uniformly distributed functional groups as centers of H(+) and OH(-) ion adsorption. In model III, the membrane surface is composed of lipid molecules, with and without adsorbed H(+) and OH(-) ions. The contribution of each individual lipid molecule to the overall interfacial tension of the bilayer was assumed to be additive in models I and II. In model III, the Gibbs isotherm was used to describe adsorption of H(+) and OH(-) ions at the bilayer surface. Theoretical equations are derived to describe the interfacial tension as a function of pH for all three models. Maximum interfacial tension was observed experimentally at the isoelectric point.
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Bianco F, Perrotta C, Novellino L, Francolini M, Riganti L, Menna E, Saglietti L, Schuchman EH, Furlan R, Clementi E, Matteoli M, Verderio C. Acid sphingomyelinase activity triggers microparticle release from glial cells. EMBO J 2009; 28:1043-54. [PMID: 19300439 PMCID: PMC2664656 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2009.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 460] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2008] [Accepted: 01/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have earlier shown that microglia, the immune cells of the CNS, release microparticles from cell plasma membrane after ATP stimulation. These vesicles contain and release IL-1β, a crucial cytokine in CNS inflammatory events. In this study, we show that microparticles are also released by astrocytes and we get insights into the mechanism of their shedding. We show that, on activation of the ATP receptor P2X7, microparticle shedding is associated with rapid activation of acid sphingomyelinase, which moves to plasma membrane outer leaflet. ATP-induced shedding and IL-1β release are markedly reduced by the inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase, and completely blocked in glial cultures from acid sphingomyelinase knockout mice. We also show that p38 MAPK cascade is relevant for the whole process, as specific kinase inhibitors strongly reduce acid sphingomyelinase activation, microparticle shedding and IL-1β release. Our results represent the first demonstration that activation of acid sphingomyelinase is necessary and sufficient for microparticle release from glial cells and define key molecular effectors of microparticle formation and IL-1β release, thus, opening new strategies for the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Bianco
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Medical Pharmacology, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
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Moore ER, Fischer ER, Mead DJ, Hackstadt T. The chlamydial inclusion preferentially intercepts basolaterally directed sphingomyelin-containing exocytic vacuoles. Traffic 2008; 9:2130-40. [PMID: 18778406 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2008.00828.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydiae replicate intracellularly within a unique vacuole termed the inclusion. The inclusion circumvents classical endosomal/lysosomal pathways but actively intercepts a subset of Golgi-derived exocytic vesicles containing sphingomyelin (SM) and cholesterol. To further examine this interaction, we developed a polarized epithelial cell model to study vectoral trafficking of lipids and proteins to the inclusion. We examined seven epithelial cell lines for their ability to form single monolayers of polarized cells and support chlamydial development. Of these cell lines, polarized colonic mucosal C2BBe1 cells were readily infected with Chlamydia trachomatis and remained polarized throughout infection. Trafficking of (6-((N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1, 3-diazol-4-yl) amino)hexanoyl)sphingosine) (NBD-C(6)-ceramide) and its metabolic derivatives, NBD-glucosylceramide (GlcCer) and NBD-SM, was analyzed. SM was retained within L2-infected cells relative to mock-infected cells, correlating with a disruption of basolateral SM trafficking. There was no net retention of GlcCer within L2-infected cells and purification of C. trachomatis elementary bodies from polarized C2BBe1 cells confirmed that bacteria retained only SM. The chlamydial inclusion thus appears to preferentially intercept basolaterally-directed SM-containing exocytic vesicles, suggesting a divergence in SM and GlcCer trafficking. The observed changes in lipid trafficking were a chlamydia-specific effect because Coxiella burnetii-infected cells revealed no changes in GlcCer or SM polarized trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Moore
- Host-Parasite Interactions Section, Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, 903 South 4th Street, Hamilton, Montana 59840, USA
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Abstract
Sphingolipids such as sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), ceramide, or sphingomyelin are essential constituents of plasma membranes and regulate many (patho)physiological cellular responses inducing apoptosis and cell survival, vascular permeability, mast cell activation, and airway smooth muscle functions. The complexity of sphingolipid biology is generated by a great variety of compounds, diverse receptors, and often antagonistic functions of different sphingolipids. For instance, apoptosis is promoted by ceramide and prevented by S1P, and pulmonary vascular permeability is increased by S1P2/3 receptors and by ceramide, whereas S1P1 receptors stabilize barrier integrity. Several enzymes of the sphingolipid metabolism respond to external stimuli such as sphingomyelinase isoenzymes that are activated by many stress stimuli and the sphingosine kinase isoenzymes that are activated by allergens. The past years have provided increasing evidence that these processes contribute to pulmonary disorders including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute lung injury, and cystic fibrosis. Sphingolipid metabolism offers several novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of lung diseases such as emphysema, asthma, cystic fibrosis, respiratory tract infection, sepsis, and acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Uhlig
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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Steinert S, Lee E, Tresset G, Zhang D, Hortsch R, Wetzel R, Hebbar S, Sundram JR, Kesavapany S, Boschke E, Kraut R. A fluorescent glycolipid-binding peptide probe traces cholesterol dependent microdomain-derived trafficking pathways. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2933. [PMID: 18716682 PMCID: PMC2518528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2008] [Accepted: 07/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The uptake and intracellular trafficking of sphingolipids, which self-associate into plasma membrane microdomains, is associated with many pathological conditions, including viral and toxin infection, lipid storage disease, and neurodegenerative disease. However, the means available to label the trafficking pathways of sphingolipids in live cells are extremely limited. In order to address this problem, we have developed an exogenous, non-toxic probe consisting of a 25-amino acid sphingolipid binding domain, the SBD, derived from the amyloid peptide Abeta, and conjugated by a neutral linker with an organic fluorophore. The current work presents the characterization of the sphingolipid binding and live cell trafficking of this novel probe, the SBD peptide. SBD was the name given to a motif originally recognized by Fantini et al in a number of glycolipid-associated proteins, and was proposed to interact with sphingolipids in membrane microdomains. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In accordance with Fantini's model, optimal SBD binding to membranes depends on the presence of sphingolipids and cholesterol. In synthetic membrane binding assays, SBD interacts preferentially with raft-like lipid mixtures containing sphingomyelin, cholesterol, and complex gangliosides in a pH-dependent manner, but is less glycolipid-specific than Cholera toxin B (CtxB). Using quantitative time-course colocalization in live cells, we show that the uptake and intracellular trafficking route of SBD is unlike that of either the non-raft marker Transferrin or the raft markers CtxB and Flotillin2-GFP. However, SBD traverses an endolysosomal route that partially intersects with raft-associated pathways, with a major portion being diverted at a late time point to rab11-positive recycling endosomes. Trafficking of SBD to acidified compartments is strongly disrupted by cholesterol perturbations, consistent with the regulation of sphingolipid trafficking by cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The current work presents the characterization and trafficking behavior of a novel sphingolipid-binding fluorescent probe, the SBD peptide. We show that SBD binding to membranes is dependent on the presence of cholesterol, sphingomyelin, and complex glycolipids. In addition, SBD targeting through the endolysosomal pathway in neurons is highly sensitive to cholesterol perturbations, making it a potentially useful tool for the analysis of sphingolipid trafficking in disease models that involve changes in cholesterol metabolism and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Steinert
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*Star, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Esther Lee
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*Star, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guillaume Tresset
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*Star, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*Star, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ralf Hortsch
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*Star, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Richard Wetzel
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*Star, Singapore, Singapore
- Institut für Lebensmittel- und Bioverfahrenstechnik, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sarita Hebbar
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*Star, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeyapriya Raja Sundram
- Department of Biochemistry, Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sashi Kesavapany
- Department of Biochemistry, Neurobiology Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Elke Boschke
- Institut für Lebensmittel- und Bioverfahrenstechnik, Technische Universitaet Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rachel Kraut
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*Star, Singapore, Singapore
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Bruschetta G, Alberghina D, Nastasi G, Rotondo E, Ferlazzo AM. Characterization of phospholipid composition of pig plasma and erythrocyte membranes. Vet Res Commun 2008; 32 Suppl 1:S115-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-008-9101-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Charruyer A, Bell SM, Kawano M, Douangpanya S, Yen TY, Macher BA, Kumagai K, Hanada K, Holleran WM, Uchida Y. Decreased ceramide transport protein (CERT) function alters sphingomyelin production following UVB irradiation. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:16682-92. [PMID: 18411267 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m800799200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased cellular ceramide accounts in part for UVB irradiation-induced apoptosis in cultured human keratinocytes with concurrent increased glucosylceramide but not sphingomyelin generation in these cells. Given that conversion of ceramide to non-apoptotic metabolites such as sphingomyelin and glucosylceramide protects cells from ceramide-induced apoptosis, we hypothesized that failed up-regulation of sphingomyelin generation contributes to ceramide accumulation following UVB irradiation. Because both sphingomyelin synthase and glucosylceramide synthase activities were significantly decreased in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes, we investigated whether alteration(s) in the function of ceramide transport protein (or CERT) required for sphingomyelin synthesis occur(s) in UVB-irradiated cells. Fluorescently labeled N-(4,4-difluoro-5,7-dimethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene-3-pentanoyl)-d-erythro-sphingosine (C(5)-DMB-ceramide) relocation to the Golgi was diminished after irradiation, consistent with decreased CERT function, whereas the CERT inhibitor N-(3-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-3-phenylpropyl)dodecanamide (1R,3R isomer) (HPA-12) produced an equivalent effect. UVB irradiation also induced the rapid formation of a stable CERT homotrimer complex in keratinocytes as determined by Western immunoblot and mass spectrometry analyses, a finding replicated in HeLa, HEK293T, and HaCaT cells and in murine epidermis. Ceramide binding activity was decreased in recombinant CERT proteins containing the UVB-induced homotrimer. The middle region domain of the CERT protein was required for the homotrimer formation, whereas neither the pleckstrin homology (Golgi-binding) nor the START (ceramide-binding) domains were involved. Finally like UVB-treated keratinocytes, HPA-12 blockade of CERT function increased keratinocyte apoptosis, decreased sphingomyelin synthesis, and led to accumulation of ceramide. Thus, UVB-induced CERT homotrimer formation accounts, at least in part, for apoptosis and failed up-regulation of sphingomyelin synthesis following UVB irradiation, revealing that inactive CERT can attenuate a key metabolic protective mechanism against ceramide-induced apoptosis in keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Charruyer
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Northern California Institute for Research and Education, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121, USA
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Stott BM, Vu MP, McLemore CO, Lund MS, Gibbons E, Brueseke TJ, Wilson-Ashworth HA, Bell JD. Use of fluorescence to determine the effects of cholesterol on lipid behavior in sphingomyelin liposomes and erythrocyte membranes. J Lipid Res 2008; 49:1202-15. [PMID: 18299615 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m700479-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to generate the equivalent of a cholesterol/temperature phase map for a biological membrane using fluorescence spectroscopy. The pseudo-phase map was created using human erythrocytes treated with various concentrations of methyl-beta-cyclodextrin to remove defined amounts of cholesterol and a trio of fluorescent probes that assess different membrane properties (laurdan, diphenylhexatriene, and merocyanine 540). Parallel experiments with two-photon microscopy suggested that changes in cellular cholesterol content affected the entire membrane rather than being localized to specific macroscopic domains. The various regions of the composite erythrocyte pseudo-phase map were interpreted using analogous data acquired from multilamellar vesicles that served as simplified models of cholesterol-dependent phases. The vesicles consisted of various concentrations of cholesterol (0 to 50 mol%) with either palmitoyl sphingomyelin, 1:1 dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine, or phospholipid mixtures intended to simulate either the inner or outer leaflet of erythrocyte membranes. Four distinguishable regions were observed in sphingomyelin phase maps corresponding to the traditional solid-ordered and liquid-disordered phases and two types of liquid-ordered behavior. Physical properties were less diverse in the mixed phospholipid vesicles, as expected, based on previous studies. Erythrocytes displayed five regions of different combinations of membrane properties along the phase map. Some of the observations identified similarities between the cells and liquid-ordered behavior observed in the various types of liposomes as well as some interesting differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Stott
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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Kwiatkowska K, Hordejuk R, Szymczyk P, Kulma M, Abdel-Shakor AB, Płucienniczak A, Dołowy K, Szewczyk A, Sobota A. Lysenin-His, a sphingomyelin-recognizing toxin, requires tryptophan 20 for cation-selective channel assembly but not for membrane binding. Mol Membr Biol 2007; 24:121-34. [PMID: 17453419 DOI: 10.1080/09687860600995540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Lysenin is 297 amino acid long toxin derived from the earthworm Eisenia foetida which specifically recognizes sphingomyelin and induces cell lysis. We synthesized lysenin gene supplemented with a polyhistidine tag, subcloned it into the pT7RS plasmid and the recombinant protein was produced in Escherichia coli. In order to obtain lysenin devoid of its lytic activity, the protein was mutated by substitution of tryptophan 20 by alanine. The recombinant mutant lysenin-His did not evoke cell lysis, although it retained the ability to specifically interact with sphingomyelin, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence microscopy and by dot blot lipid overlay and liposome binding assays. We found that the lytic activity of wild-type lysenin-His was correlated with the protein oligomerization during interaction with sphingomyelin-containing membranes and the amount of oligomers was increased with an elevation of sphingomyelin/lysenin ratio. Blue native gel electrophoresis indicated that trimers can be functional units of the protein, however, lysenin hexamers and nanomers were stabilized by chemical cross-linking of the protein and by sodium dodecyl sulfate. When incorporated into planar lipid bilayers, wild type lysenin-His formed cation-selective channels in a sphingomyelin-dependent manner. We characterized the channel activity by establishing its various open/closed states. In contrast, the mutant lysenin-His did not form channels and its correct oligomerization was strongly impaired. Based on these results we suggest that lysenin oligomerizes upon interaction with sphingomyelin in the plasma membrane, forming cation-selective channels. Their activity disturbs the ion balance of the cell, leading eventually to cell lysis.
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Rao RP, Yuan C, Allegood JC, Rawat SS, Edwards MB, Wang X, Merrill AH, Acharya U, Acharya JK. Ceramide transfer protein function is essential for normal oxidative stress response and lifespan. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:11364-9. [PMID: 17592126 PMCID: PMC1899189 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0705049104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramide transfer protein (CERT) transfers ceramide from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex, a process critical in synthesis and maintenance of normal levels of sphingolipids in mammalian cells. However, how its function is integrated into development and physiology of the animal is less clear. Here, we report the in vivo consequences of loss of functional CERT protein. We generated Drosophila melanogaster mutant flies lacking a functional CERT (Dcert) protein using chemical mutagenesis and a Western blot-based genetic screen. The mutant flies die early between days 10 and 30, whereas controls lived between 75 and 90 days. They display >70% decrease in ceramide phosphoethanolamine (the sphingomyelin analog in Drosophila) and ceramide. These changes resulted in increased plasma membrane fluidity that renders them susceptible to reactive oxygen species and results in enhanced oxidative damage to cellular proteins. Consequently, the flies showed reduced thermal tolerance that was exacerbated with aging and metabolic compromise such as decreasing ATP and increasing glucose levels, reminiscent of premature aging. Our studies demonstrate that maintenance of physiological levels of ceramide phosphoethanolamine by CERT in vivo is required to prevent oxidative damages to cellular components that are critical for viability and normal lifespan of the animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra Pralhada Rao
- *Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, National Cancer Institute Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Changqing Yuan
- *Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, National Cancer Institute Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Jeremy C. Allegood
- Schools of Biology and Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332; and
| | - Satinder S. Rawat
- Program in Gene Function and Expression, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Michael Beth Edwards
- *Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, National Cancer Institute Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Xin Wang
- *Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, National Cancer Institute Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Alfred H. Merrill
- Schools of Biology and Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332; and
| | - Usha Acharya
- Program in Gene Function and Expression, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Jairaj K. Acharya
- *Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, National Cancer Institute Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at:
National Cancer Institute Frederick, Room 22-6, Building 560, 1050 Boyle Street, Frederick, MD 21702. E-mail:
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