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Pires IS, Suggs JR, Carlo IS, Yun D, Hammond PT, Irvine DJ. Surfactant-Mediated Assembly of Precision-Size Liposomes. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:7263-7273. [PMID: 39156714 PMCID: PMC11325547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c01127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Liposomes can greatly improve the pharmacokinetics of therapeutic agents due to their ability to encapsulate drugs and accumulate in target tissues. Considerable effort has been focused on methods to synthesize these nanocarriers in the past decades. However, most methods fail to controllably generate lipid vesicles at specific sizes and with low polydispersity, especially via scalable approaches suitable for clinical product manufacturing. Here, we report a surfactant-assisted liposome assembly method enabling the precise production of monodisperse liposomes with diameters ranging from 50 nm to 1 μm. To overcome scalability limitations, we used tangential flow filtration, a scalable size-based separation technique, to readily concentrate and purify the liposomal samples from more than 99.9% of detergent. Further, we propose two modes of liposome self-assembly following detergent dilution to explain the wide range of liposome size control, one in which phase separation into lipid-rich and detergent-rich phases drives the formation of large bilayer liposomes and a second where the rate of detergent monomer partitioning into solution controls bilayer leaflet imbalances that promote fusion into larger vesicles. We demonstrate the utility of controlled size assembly of liposomes by evaluating nanoparticle uptake in macrophages, where we observe a clear linear relationship between vesicle size and total nanoparticle uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan S. Pires
- Koch
Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, 21 Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jack R. Suggs
- Koch
Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Isabella S. Carlo
- Koch
Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - DongSoo Yun
- Koch
Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Paula T. Hammond
- Koch
Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, 21 Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Darrell J. Irvine
- Koch
Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 25 Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Ragon
Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Howard
Hughes
Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, United States
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2
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Ashour MM, Mabrouk M, Aboelnasr MA, Beherei HH, Tohamy KM, Das DB. Anti-Obesity Drug Delivery Systems: Recent Progress and Challenges. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2635. [PMID: 38004612 PMCID: PMC10674714 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has reached an epidemic proportion in the last thirty years, and it is recognized as a major health issue in modern society now with the possibility of serious social and economic consequences. By the year 2030, nearly 60% of the global population may be obese or overweight, which emphasizes a need for novel obesity treatments. Various traditional approaches, such as pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery, have been utilized in clinical settings to treat obesity. However, these methods frequently show the possibility of side effects while remaining ineffective. There is, therefore, an urgent need for alternative obesity treatments with improved efficacy and specificity. Polymeric materials and chemical strategies are employed in emerging drug delivery systems (DDSs) to enhance therapy effectiveness and specificity by stabilizing and controlling the release of active molecules such as natural ingredients. Designing DDSs is currently a top priority research objective with an eye towards creating obesity treatment approaches. In reality, the most recent trends in the literature demonstrate that there are not enough in-depth reviews that emphasize the current knowledge based on the creation and design of DDSs for obesity treatment. It is also observed in the existing literature that a complex interplay of different physical and chemical parameters must be considered carefully to determine the effectiveness of the DDSs, including microneedles, for obesity treatment. Additionally, it is observed that these properties depend on how the DDS is synthesized. Although many studies are at the animal-study stage, the use of more advanced DDS techniques would significantly enhance the development of safe and efficient treatment approaches for obese people in the future. Considering these, this review provides an overview of the current anti-obesity treatment approaches as well as the conventional anti-obesity therapeutics. The article aims to conduct an in-depth discussion on the current trends in obesity treatment approaches. Filling in this knowledge gap will lead to a greater understanding of the safest ways to manage obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Ashour
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt;
| | - Mostafa Mabrouk
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed A. Aboelnasr
- Biophysics Branch, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.A.A.); (K.M.T.)
| | - Hanan H. Beherei
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Khairy M. Tohamy
- Biophysics Branch, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.A.A.); (K.M.T.)
| | - Diganta B. Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE113TU, UK
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3
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Shtykalova S, Deviatkin D, Freund S, Egorova A, Kiselev A. Non-Viral Carriers for Nucleic Acids Delivery: Fundamentals and Current Applications. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:903. [PMID: 37109432 PMCID: PMC10142071 DOI: 10.3390/life13040903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, non-viral DNA and RNA delivery systems have been intensively studied as an alternative to viral vectors. Despite the most significant advantage over viruses, such as the lack of immunogenicity and cytotoxicity, the widespread use of non-viral carriers in clinical practice is still limited due to the insufficient efficacy associated with the difficulties of overcoming extracellular and intracellular barriers. Overcoming barriers by non-viral carriers is facilitated by their chemical structure, surface charge, as well as developed modifications. Currently, there are many different forms of non-viral carriers for various applications. This review aimed to summarize recent developments based on the essential requirements for non-viral carriers for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Shtykalova
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Embankment 7-9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitriy Deviatkin
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Embankment 7-9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana Freund
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Embankment 7-9, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna Egorova
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anton Kiselev
- Department of Genomic Medicine, D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, Mendeleevskaya Line 3, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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4
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Zhong Q, Zhang H. Preparation of Small Unilamellar Vesicle Liposomes Using Detergent Dialysis Method. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2622:49-56. [PMID: 36781748 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2954-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Small unilamellar liposomes are commonly used as model biomembranes and carriers for drug and gene delivery. Although methods which employ mechanical forces or organic solvents can be used to reduce the liposome size and the number of lipid bilayers, they are not suitable options when the purpose is to incorporate biologically active proteins into lipid bilayers or to encapsulate nucleic acid into liposomes. Detergent dialysis is a simple and inexpensive procedure to produce homogeneous small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs). Lipids are solubilized by detergent at a concentration much higher than its critical micellar concentration (CMC) in an aqueous dispersion medium. Free monomer detergent molecules in the dispersion medium are removed during dialysis, while the supramolecular detergent-lipid mixed micelles (MMs) are kept inside the dialysis tubing, leading to dissociation of detergent molecules from MMs. SUVs are formed after the micelle to vesicle transition (MVT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyue Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy-Boston, MCPHS University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy-Boston, MCPHS University, Boston, MA, USA
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5
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Nsairat H, AlShaer W, Odeh F, Essawi E, Khater D, Bawab AA, El-Tanani M, Awidi A, Mubarak MS. Recent Advances in Using Liposomes for Delivery of Nucleic Acid-Based Therapeutics. OPENNANO 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onano.2023.100132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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6
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Nsairat H, Khater D, Sayed U, Odeh F, Al Bawab A, Alshaer W. Liposomes: structure, composition, types, and clinical applications. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09394. [PMID: 35600452 PMCID: PMC9118483 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposomes are now considered the most commonly used nanocarriers for various potentially active hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules due to their high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low immunogenicity. Liposomes also proved to enhance drug solubility and controlled distribution, as well as their capacity for surface modifications for targeted, prolonged, and sustained release. Based on the composition, liposomes can be considered to have evolved from conventional, long-circulating, targeted, and immune-liposomes to stimuli-responsive and actively targeted liposomes. Many liposomal-based drug delivery systems are currently clinically approved to treat several diseases, such as cancer, fungal and viral infections; more liposomes have reached advanced phases in clinical trials. This review describes liposomes structure, composition, preparation methods, and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Nsairat
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, 19328, Jordan
| | - Dima Khater
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Usama Sayed
- Department of Biology, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Fadwa Odeh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Abeer Al Bawab
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan.,Hamdi Mango Center for Scientific Research, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Walhan Alshaer
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
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Large DE, Abdelmessih RG, Fink EA, Auguste DT. Liposome composition in drug delivery design, synthesis, characterization, and clinical application. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113851. [PMID: 34224787 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liposomal drug delivery represents a highly adaptable therapeutic platform for treating a wide range of diseases. Natural and synthetic lipids, as well as surfactants, are commonly utilized in the synthesis of liposomal drug delivery vehicles. The molecular diversity in the composition of liposomes enables drug delivery with unique physiological functions, such as pH response, prolonged blood circulation, and reduced systemic toxicity. Herein, we discuss the impact of composition on liposome synthesis, function, and clinical utility.
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8
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Pandey R, Bhairam M, Shukla SS, Gidwani B. Colloidal and vesicular delivery system for herbal bioactive constituents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 29:415-438. [PMID: 34327650 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-021-00403-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main objective of the present review is to explore and examine the effectiveness of currently developed novel techniques to resolve the issues which are associated with the herbal constituents/extract. METHODS A systematic thorough search and collection of reviewed information from Science direct, PubMed and Google Scholar databases based on various sets of key phrases have been performed. All the findings from these data have been studied and briefed based on their relevant and irrelevant information. RESULT Herbal drugs are gaining more popularity in the modern world due to their applications in curing various ailments with minimum toxic effects, side effect or adverse effect. However, various challenges exist with herbal extracts/plant actives such as poor solubility (water/lipid), poor permeation, lack of targeting specificity, instability in highly acidic pH, and liver metabolism, etc. Nowadays with the expansion in the technology, novel drug delivery system provides avenues and newer opportunity towards the delivery of herbal drugs with improved physical chemical properties, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic. Developing nano-strategies like Polymeric nanoparticles, Liposomes, Niosomes, Microspheres, Phytosomes, Nanoemulsion and Self Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System, etc. imparts benefits for delivery of phyto formulation and herbal bioactives. Nano formulation of phytoconstituents/ herbal extract could lead to enhancement of aqueous solubility, dissolution, bioavailability, stability, reduce toxicity, permeation, sustained delivery, protection from enzymatic degradation, etc. CONCLUSION: Based on the above findings, the conclusion can be drawn that the nano sized novel drug delivery systems of herbal and herbal bioactives have a potential future for upgrading the pharmacological action and defeating or overcoming the issues related with these constituents. The aims of the present review was to summarize and critically analyze the recent development of nano sized strategies for promising phytochemicals delivery systems along with their therapeutic applications supported by experimental evidence and discussing the opportunities for further aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Pandey
- Columbia Institute of Pharmacy Raipur, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India.
| | - Monika Bhairam
- Columbia Institute of Pharmacy Raipur, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | | | - Bina Gidwani
- Columbia Institute of Pharmacy Raipur, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
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9
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Kumar B, Pandey M, Pottoo FH, Fayaz F, Sharma A, Sahoo PK. Liposomes: Novel Drug Delivery Approach for Targeting Parkinson's Disease. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:4721-4737. [PMID: 32003666 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200128145124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is one of the most severe progressive neurodegenerative disorders, having a mortifying effect on the health of millions of people around the globe. The neural cells producing dopamine in the substantia nigra of the brain die out. This leads to symptoms like hypokinesia, rigidity, bradykinesia, and rest tremor. Parkinsonism cannot be cured, but the symptoms can be reduced with the intervention of medicinal drugs, surgical treatments, and physical therapies. Delivering drugs to the brain for treating Parkinson's disease is very challenging. The blood-brain barrier acts as a highly selective semi-permeable barrier, which refrains the drug from reaching the brain. Conventional drug delivery systems used for Parkinson's disease do not readily cross the blood barrier and further lead to several side-effects. Recent advancements in drug delivery technologies have facilitated drug delivery to the brain without flooding the bloodstream and by directly targeting the neurons. In the era of Nanotherapeutics, liposomes are an efficient drug delivery option for brain targeting. Liposomes facilitate the passage of drugs across the blood-brain barrier, enhances the efficacy of the drugs, and minimize the side effects related to it. The review aims at providing a broad updated view of the liposomes, which can be used for targeting Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhumika Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Sector-3, MB Road, Pushp Vihar, Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Mukesh Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Sector-3, MB Road, Pushp Vihar, Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Faheem H Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. BOX 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faizana Fayaz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Sector-3, MB Road, Pushp Vihar, Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Anjali Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Sector-3, MB Road, Pushp Vihar, Delhi, 110017, India
| | - P K Sahoo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Sector-3, MB Road, Pushp Vihar, Delhi, 110017, India
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A Guide to Tracking Single Membrane Proteins and Their Interactions in Supported Lipid Bilayers. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 31218627 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9512-7_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to serve as a guide for those who wish to carry out experiments tracking single proteins in planar supported biomimetic membranes. This chapter describes, in detail, the construction of a simple single molecule microscope, which includes: (1) a parts list, (2) temperature control, (3) an alignment procedure, (4) a calibration procedure, and (5) a procedure for measuring the mechanical stability of the instrument. It also gives procedures for making planar supported bilayers on hydrophilically treated borosilicate and quartz. These include (1) POPC bilayers, (2) POPC/PEG-PE cushioned bilayers, (3) POPC/PEG-PE cushioned bilayers on BSA passivated substrates, and (4) a cushioned biomimetic membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). A procedure for the detergent mediated incorporation of the transmembrane protein 5HT3A (a serotonin receptor) is also described and can be used as a starting point for other large non-self-inserting transmembrane proteins. A procedure for the detergent-free incorporation of cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) and cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450) into an ER biomimetic is also described. The final experimental section of this chapter details different procedures for data analysis including (1) quantitative analysis of mean squared displacements from individually tracked proteins, (2) gamma distribution analysis of diffusion coefficients from a small ensemble of individually tracked proteins, (3) average mean squared displacement analysis, (4) Gaussian analysis of step-size distributions, (5) Arrhenius analysis of temperature dependent data, (6) the determination of equilibrium constants from a step-size distribution, and (7) a perspective associated with the interpretation of single particle tracking data.
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11
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Abstract
Here we report methods of preparation for liposome formulations containing lipophilic drugs. In contrast to the encapsulation of water soluble compounds into the entrapped aqueous volume of a liposome, drugs with lipophilic properties are incorporated into the phospholipid bilayer membrane. Water-soluble molecules, for example cytotoxic or antiviral nucleosides can be transformed into lipophilic compounds by attachment of long alkyl chains, allowing their stable incorporation into liposome membranes and taking advantage of the high loading capacity lipid bilayers provide for lipophilic molecules. We created a new class of cytotoxic drugs by chemical transformation of the hydrophilic drugs cytosine-arabinoside (ara-C), 5-fluoro-deoxyuridine (5-FdU), and ethinylcytidine (ETC) into lipophilic compounds and their formulation in liposomes.The concept of chemical modification of water-soluble molecules by attachment of long alkyl chains and their stable incorporation into liposome bilayer membranes represent a very promising method for the development of new drugs not only for the treatment of tumors or infections but also for many other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reto A Schwendener
- Laboratory of Liposome Research, Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Herbert Schott
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Eberhard-Karls University, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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12
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Imran M, Shah MR, Ullah F, Ullah S, Sadiq A, Ali I, Ahmed F, Nawaz W. Double-tailed acyl glycoside niosomal nanocarrier for enhanced oral bioavailability of Cefixime. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 45:1440-1451. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2016.1246451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Raza Shah
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, Karachi University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Shafi Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Sadiq
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Imdad Ali
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, Karachi University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Farid Ahmed
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, Karachi University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Nawaz
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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13
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Imran M, Shah MR, Ullah F, Ullah S, Elhissi AM, Nawaz W, Ahmad F, Sadiq A, Ali I. Glycoside-based niosomal nanocarrier for enhanced in-vivo performance of Cefixime. Int J Pharm 2016; 505:122-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Poudel KR, Jones JP, Brozik JA. A guide to tracking single transmembrane proteins in supported lipid bilayers. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 974:233-252. [PMID: 23404279 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-275-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this chapter is to serve as a guide for those who wish to carry out experiments tracking single transmembrane proteins in planar supported membrane biomimetics. This chapter describes, in detail, the construction of a simple single-molecule microscope, which includes (1) a parts list, (2) an alignment procedure, (3) a calibration procedure, and (4) a procedure for measuring the mechanical stability of the instrument. It also gives procedures for making planar supported POPC bilayers on hydrophilically treated borosilicate and quartz, POPC/PEG-PE cushioned bilayers on hydrophilically treated surfaces, and POPC/PEG-PE cushioned bilayers on BSA passivated substrates. The procedure for the detergent-mediated incorporation of the transmembrane protein 5HT(3A) (a serotonin receptor) is also described and can be used as a starting point for other large non-self-inserting transmembrane proteins. The final experimental section of this chapter details different procedures for data analysis including (1) a quantitative analysis of mean displacements from individually tracked particles, (2) a Gaussian analysis of step-size distributions, (3) the Gaussian analysis of diffusion coefficients from ensembles of transmembrane proteins, and (4) a perspective associated with the interpretation of single-particle tracking data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumud Raj Poudel
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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15
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Significantly Improved Equilibrium Yield of Long-Chain Alkyl Glucosides via Reverse Hydrolysis in a Water-Poor System Using Cross-Linked Almond Meal as a Cheap and Robust Biocatalyst. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(11)60333-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Rasch MR, Rossinyol E, Hueso JL, Goodfellow BW, Arbiol J, Korgel BA. Hydrophobic gold nanoparticle self-assembly with phosphatidylcholine lipid: membrane-loaded and janus vesicles. NANO LETTERS 2010; 10:3733-9. [PMID: 20731366 DOI: 10.1021/nl102387n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Hybrids of hydrophobic sub-2-nm-diameter dodecanethiol-coated Au nanoparticles and phosphatidylcholine (PC) lipid vesicles made by extrusion were examined by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryoTEM). The nanoparticles loaded the vesicles as a dense monolayer in the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer, without disrupting their structure. Nanoparticle-vesicle hybrids could also be made by a dialysis process, mixing preformed vesicles with detergent-stabilized nanoparticles, but this approach led to vesicles only partially loaded with nanoparticles that segregated into hemispherical domains, forming a Janus vesicle-nanoparticle hybrid structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Rasch
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas Materials Institute, and Center for Nano and Molecular Science and Technology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1062, USA
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17
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Abstract
Here, we report methods of preparation for liposome formulations containing lipophilic drugs. In contrast to the encapsulation of water-soluble compounds into the entrapped aqueous volume of a liposome, drugs with lipophilic properties are incorporated into the phospholipid bilayer membrane. Water-soluble molecules, for example, cytotoxic or antiviral nucleosides can be transformed into lipophilic compounds by attachment of long alkyl chains, allowing their stable incorporation into liposome membranes and taking advantage of the high loading capacity lipid bilayers provide for lipophilic molecules. We created a new class of cytotoxic drugs by chemical transformation of the hydrophilic drugs cytosine-arabinoside (ara-C), 5-fluoro-deoxyuridine (5-FdU) and ethinylcytidine (ETC) into lipophilic compounds and their formulation in liposomes. The concept of chemical modification of water-soluble molecules by attachment of long alkyl chains and their stable incorporation into liposome bilayer membranes represent a very promising method for the development of new drugs not only for the treatment of tumors or infections, but also for many other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reto A Schwendener
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Preparative size exclusion chromatography combined with detergent removal as a versatile tool to prepare unilamellar and spherical liposomes of highly uniform size distribution. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:5838-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2009] [Revised: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Synthesis of archaeal glycolipid adjuvants—what is the optimum number of sugars? Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:2349-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Revised: 06/20/2008] [Accepted: 06/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Attia IA, El-Gizawy SA, Fouda MA, Donia AM. Influence of a niosomal formulation on the oral bioavailability of acyclovir in rabbits. AAPS PharmSciTech 2007; 8:E106. [PMID: 18181527 DOI: 10.1208/pt0804106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to prepare acyclovir niosomes in a trial to improve its poor and variable oral bioavailability. The nonionic surfactant vesicles were prepared by the conventional thin film hydration method. The lipid mixture consisted of cholesterol, span 60, and dicetyl phosphate in the molar ratio of 65:60:5, respectively. The percentage entrapment was approximately 11% of acyclovir used in the hydration process. The vesicles have an average size of 0.95 microm, a most probable size of 0.8 microm, and a size range of 0.4 to 2.2 microm. Most of the niosomes have unilamellar spherical shape. In vitro drug release profile was found to follow Higuchi's equation for free and niosomal drug. The niosomal formulation exhibited significantly retarded release compared with free drug. The in vivo study revealed that the niosomal dispersion significantly improved the oral bioavailability of acyclovir in rabbits after a single oral dose of 40 mg kg(-1). The average relative bioavailability of the drug from the niosomal dispersion in relation to the free solution was 2.55 indicating more than 2-fold increase in drug bioavailability. The niosomal dispersion showed significant increase in the mean residence time (MRT) of acyclovir reflecting sustained release characteristics. In conclusion, the niosomal formulation could be a promising delivery system for acyclovir with improved oral bioavailability and prolonged drug release profiles.
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Lichtenberg D, Barenholz Y. Liposomes: preparation, characterization, and preservation. METHODS OF BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS 2006; 33:337-462. [PMID: 3282152 DOI: 10.1002/9780470110546.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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22
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Balogh T, Kosáry J. A preparative-scale synthesis of O-alkyl-b-D-glucosides by enzymatic reverse hydrolysis. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2005. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.34.2005.3.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Schwendener R, Schott H. Lipophilic Arabinofuranosyl Cytosine Derivatives in Liposomes. Methods Enzymol 2005; 391:58-70. [PMID: 15721374 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(05)91003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Highly lipophilic drugs can be used therapeutically only by the addition of possibly toxic solubilizing agents or by development of complex pharmaceutical formulations. One way of overcoming these disadvantages is the incorporation of such drugs into the bilayer matrix of phospholipid liposomes. To this end, we chose the approach of chemical transformation of water-soluble nucleosides of known cytotoxic properties into lipophilic drugs or prodrugs. Due to their insolubility, we developed formulations that can be used for intravenous applications in which the lipophilic molecules are incorporated into lipid bilayer membranes of small liposomes. We chose 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) as a cytotoxic nucleoside, and we demonstrated that N(4)-acyl derivatives of ara-C were active in vivo in various murine tumor models as liposomal formulations. However, the protection against enzymatic deamination was only partially achieved and was insufficient for significant improvement of cytotoxic properties. Thus, we synthesized a new class of N(4)-alkyl-ara-C derivatives. The most effective derivative, N(4)-octadecyl-ara-C (NOAC), is highly lipophilic and extremely resistant toward deamination. NOAC exerts excellent antitumor activity after oral and parenteral therapy. The activity of NOAC against freshly explanted clonogenic cells from human tumors was determined and compared with conventional antitumor agents. NOAC was used in two liposomal preparations, a stable lyophilized and a freshly prepared liquid formulation. Both formulations inhibited tumor colony formation equally in a concentration-dependent fashion. At optimal conditions, liposomal NOAC had significantly better activity compared with the clinically used drugs cisplatin, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine, mitomycin C, and etoposide. Furthermore, in a hematopoietic stem cell assay, NOAC was less toxic than ara-C and doxorubicin by factors ranging from 2.5 to 200, indicating that this drug is well tolerated at high doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reto Schwendener
- Molecular Cell Biology, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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Blandford NR, Sauer GR, Genge BR, Wu LNY, Wuthier RE. Modeling of matrix vesicle biomineralization using large unilamellar vesicles. J Inorg Biochem 2003; 94:14-27. [PMID: 12620669 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(02)00629-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Stable, large unilamellar vesicles (LUV) have been constructed that model matrix vesicles (MV) in inducing de novo mineral formation when incubated in synthetic cartilage lymph (SCL). Using a dialysis method for incorporation of predetermined pure lipid, electrolyte and protein constituents, the detergent n-octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside enabled formation of stable, impermeable LUV with a diameter ( approximately 300 nm), lipid composition (phosphatidylcholine-phosphatidylserine-cholesterol, 7:2:2, molar ratio) and enclosed inorganic phosphate level (25-100 mM) similar to that of native MV. Mineral formation by these LUVs was measured by 45Ca(2+) uptake and FTIR analysis following incubation in SCL. Addition of the ionophore A23187 to SCL enabled 45Ca(2+) uptake comparable to that of native MV. FTIR analysis revealed that crystalline mineral formed in the LUV during incubation in SCL, but not in the absence of ionophore. This mineral had an IR absorption spectrum like that of the acid-phosphate-rich, octacalcium phosphate-like mineral formed by native MV. Perturbing the LUV membrane with either detergents or phospholipase A(2) following prior incubation in SCL enabled egress of mineral crystallites from the vesicle lumen, stimulating further mineral formation. Annexin V, a major protein in native MV with known Ca(2+) channel activity, incorporated into the LUV lumen or added to the external medium, induced only limited 45Ca(2+) uptake. This indicates that additional factors are required for annexin V to form Ca(2+) channels. Nevertheless for the first time, stable LUVs have been constructed with MV-like lipid, electrolyte, and protein composition and size that induce formation of mineral like that formed by native MV.
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26
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Malhas AN, Abuknesha RA, Price RG. Removal of detergents from protein extracts using activated charcoal prior to immunological analysis. J Immunol Methods 2002; 264:37-43. [PMID: 12191507 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(02)00087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The use of dextran-coated activated charcoal (DCC) powder to absorb solubilising detergents from cell lysates is described. Normal embryonic epithelial cells were lysed in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). The detergent was then absorbed with DCC to facilitate analysis of polycystin-1 with antibody-based methods. Polycystin-1 is a membrane protein that is involved in the pathogenesis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). The adverse effect of SDS on antibody-polycystin-1 binding was studied and the improvement resulting from its removal demonstrated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The results indicate that DCC can be used in a simple manner to remove highly reactive membrane-solubilising reagents from protein mixtures prior to immunological analysis. This procedure may be relevant to a variety of other techniques that are normally affected by detergents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf N Malhas
- Division of Life Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, UK
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Kozlova NO, Bruskovskaya IB, Okuneva IB, Melik-Nubarov NS, Yaroslavov AA, Kabanov VA, Menger FM. Interaction of a cationic polymer with negatively charged proteoliposomes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1514:139-51. [PMID: 11513811 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2736(01)00381-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Proteoliposomes were prepared by making bilayer vesicles from neutral egg yolk lecithin and negatively charged alpha-chymotrypsin that had been previously stearoylated. Interaction of these proteoliposomes with a cationic polymer, poly-(N-ethyl-4-vinylpryidinium bromide) (PEVP) was examined. For comparison purposes, interaction of PEVP with egg lecithin vesicles containing an anionic phospholipid, cardiolipin, was also examined. Binding of PEVP to both types of vesicles was electrostatic in nature with the polymer manifesting a higher affinity to the cardiolipin relative to the enzyme. PEVP had no effect on the permeability of the bilayer membranes to sodium chloride. On the other hand, PEVP increased the transmembrane permeability of the nonionic anti-tumor drug, doxorubicin. The greater the negatively charged component in the membrane, the greater the PEVP effect. Polycation binding to the vesicles was accompanied by clustering of the stearoylated chymotrypsin (sCT) molecules within the membrane. This protein clustering is most likely responsible for the increase in the doxorubicin permeation. Enzymatic activity of the membrane-associated sCT remained unchanged upon PEVP binding. These findings seem relevant to the effects of polyelectrolytes on cellular membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N O Kozlova
- Polymer Department, School of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Russia
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28
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Peschka R, Purmann T, Schubert R. Cross-flow filtration—an improved detergent removal technique for the preparation of liposomes. Int J Pharm 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(97)00424-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Tsilou E, Hamel CP, Yu S, Redmond TM. RPE65, the major retinal pigment epithelium microsomal membrane protein, associates with phospholipid liposomes. Arch Biochem Biophys 1997; 346:21-7. [PMID: 9328280 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1997.0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-specific protein RPE65 is the major protein of the RPE microsomal membrane fraction. Though RPE65 lacks transmembrane domains or signal peptide, detergents are required for its maximally effective solubilization in isotonic buffers. However, in 0.75-1.0 M KCl, RPE65 is as soluble without detergent, indicating a peripheral membrane association. We wished to understand why this non-membrane-inserted protein was so closely associated with RPE microsomal membranes. To explore the possible involvement of interactions with phospholipids, an isotonic salt-soluble extract of RPE was incubated with phosphatidylcholine (PC)/phosphatidylserine (PS)/phosphatidylinositol liposomes and centrifuged to sediment the liposomes. RPE65 cosedimented with the liposome pellet. RPE65 also cosedimented with synthetic dipalmitoyl-, 1-palmitoyl, 2-docosahexaenoyl-PC or dipalmitoyl-PS liposomes. Incubation with 1 mM Ca2+ or 1 mM EGTA had no effect, indicating a Ca2+-independent association. A spectrophotometric assay showed that this interaction of RPE65 with phospholipid vesicles resulted in increased light scattering, consistent with phospholipid vesicle aggregation. Resonance energy transfer experiments showed that any putative aggregation occurred without subsequent vesicle fusion. This PC affinity was further confirmed by incubation of RPE extract with dimyristoyl-PC-immobilized artificial membrane (IAM.PC) matrix. The RPE65 selectively bound and was elutable with 2% detergent. This RPE65-phospholipid liposome association may explain the solubilization characteristics of RPE65 and may be related to the function of RPE65 and to its physical association with the RPE smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tsilou
- Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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30
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Komaromi I, Tronchet JM. Theoretical tools for the conformational study of spin labelled neoglycolipids: ab initio spin density calculations and development of MM2 parameters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(96)04951-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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31
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Effect of cholesterol or phospholipids incorporation on vesicle formation of muramyldipeptide derivative B30-MDP. Colloid Polym Sci 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00663451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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32
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Korgel BA, Monbouquette HG. Synthesis of Size-Monodisperse CdS Nanocrystals Using Phosphatidylcholine Vesicles as True Reaction Compartments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp952138n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian A. Korgel
- Chemical Engineering Department, 5531 Boelter Hall, Box 951592, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1592
| | - Harold G. Monbouquette
- Chemical Engineering Department, 5531 Boelter Hall, Box 951592, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1592
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Hüglin D, Seiffert W, Zimmermann HW. Time-resolved microfluorometric study of the binding sites of lipophilic cationic pyrene probes in mitochondria of living HeLa cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 1995; 31:145-58. [PMID: 8583282 DOI: 10.1016/1011-1344(95)07191-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Lipophilic dye cations specifically bind to the mitochondria of living cells. Using fluorescent dyes, the mitochondria can easily be observed with a fluorescence microscope. Electron microscopy has shown that the dyes are bound to the inner mitochondrial membranes and the cristae. Using time-resolved fluorescence microscopy we have investigated, whether the dye molecules are preferentially accumulated at the strongly hydrophobic protein complexes of energy metabolism or at the lipids of the inner membrane system. In order to use our nanosecond-pulsed laser fluorometer we synthesized specially designed lipophilic pyrene cations with S1 lifetimes in the nanosecond domain, which specifically stain mitochondria in living HeLa cells. Model experiments with artificial membranes such as liposomes, proteoliposomes and also protein complexes have shown that the fluorescence is strongly quenched by oxygen if the pyrene probes are bound to lipids. Binding to proteins causes a much smaller quenching effect. In artificial systems, all decays were single exponential. This is in contrast with incubated HeLa cells, which showed double-exponential fluorescence decays. Comparing these with the artificial systems we came to the conclusion that in HeLa cells the long-lived species 1 are pyrene probes preferentially bound to the proteins of the inner mitochondrial membranes. The short-lived species 2 is caused by fluorescence resonance energy transfer from the pyrene probes as donors to cytochromes of the inner membranes as acceptors. From our decay data we estimated a mean distance between donor and acceptor of about 40 A. This is the same order of magnitude as the mean diameters of several mitochondrial protein complexes. Therefore we assumed that species 2 are pyrene probes bound either to mitochondrial proteins with cytochromes as constituents or to the interface between these proteins and the phospholipids of the membranes. Thus both species 1 and species 2 are spatially related to mitochrondrial proteins. This agrees with the observation that respiration of HeLa cells as well as cytochrome c oxidase vesicles (COVs) are inhibited with increasing concentration of pyrene probes. Finally, we studied the photodynamic effect on irradiation of HeLa cells and of COVs after incubation with lipophilic pyrene and porphyrine cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hüglin
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Freiburg, Germany
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34
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35
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Wilhelm F, Chatterjee SK, Rattay B, Nuhn P, Benecke R, Ortwein J. Synthesis of glycolipids as membrane-bound stabilizing carbohydrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.1995199509232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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36
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De Miguel I, Ioualalen K, Bonnefous M, Peyrot M, Nguyen F, Cervilla M, Soulet N, Dirson R, Rieumajou V, Imbertie L. Synthesis and characterization of supramolecular biovector (SMBV) specifically designed for the entrapment of ionic molecules. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1995; 1237:49-58. [PMID: 7619842 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(95)00079-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular biovectors (SMBV) are nanoparticular drug carriers composed of an internal crosslinked solid core externally grafted with fatty acids and surrounded with a phospholipid layer. We show in this paper that the internal core can be derivatized with anionic ligands such as phosphate in order to allow the efficient entrapment of cationic molecules through a process akin to ion exchange. Synthesis of SMBV involved first a cross linking and derivatization step of polysaccharides followed by a homogenization, a drying and a regioselective acylation step. Acylated polysaccharide cores are thus obtained which can be loaded with drugs and wrapped with a phospholipid layer. The SMBVs obtained are characterized through their size, 20 nm, and their ability to filter through 0.22 microns pore size membrane. Gel permeation chromatography experiments performed with various phospholipid/acylated cores ratios indicate that SMBVs form entities distinct from liposomes and that the optimum phospholipid/acylated cores ratio for this specific type of SMBVs is close to 100%. The supramolecular structure of SMBVs and in particular the spatial proximity between acylated cores and phospholipids is demonstrated through resonance energy transfer experiments. The drug loading capability of SMBVs is illustrated by the preparation of gentamicin and doxorubicin loaded SMBV. The therapeutic potential of SMBVs is then discussed notably in the light of a possible biomimetism with low density lipoproteins (LDL).
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37
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Stieneker F, Kersten G, van Bloois L, Crommelin DJ, Hem SL, Löwer J, Kreuter J. Comparison of 24 different adjuvants for inactivated HIV-2 split whole virus as antigen in mice. Induction of titres of binding antibodies and toxicity of the formulations. Vaccine 1995; 13:45-53. [PMID: 7762277 DOI: 10.1016/0264-410x(95)80010-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was the comparison of the quantity and quality of the humoral immune response against inactivated whole human immunodeficiency virus type 2. Twenty-four different adjuvants were tested. The toxicity of these preparations was determined. Due to the large number of experiments, the animal model used was the NMRI mouse. Sera were assayed for the presence of antibodies by ELISA and Western blot. The toxicity of the adjuvants was determined by observing lethal side-effects occurring within two days after injection of the immunogenic preparations. The results show that polymethylmethacrylate nanoprticles were the best overall adjuvant, inducing the highest titres of antibodies compared with other adjuvants as well as producing a significantly better immune response against a number of individual HIV-2 antigens without any observable toxic side-effects. However, this adjuvant did not induce antibodies against the outer envelope protein gp120, whereas such antibodies were induced by aluminium compounds, Freund's complete and incomplete adjuvants, and fumed silica (Aerosil). This result suggests the necessity of using vaccines with two or more different adjuvants in order to induce the required immune response against physically different antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Stieneker
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main-Niederusel, Germany
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Smeulders JB, Mellema J, Blom C. Changing mechanical properties of lipid vesicle bilayers investigated by linear viscoelastic measurements. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1992; 46:7708-7722. [PMID: 9908122 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.46.7708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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39
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Choquet CG, Patel GB, Beveridge TJ, Sprott GD. Formation of unilamellar liposomes from total polar lipid extracts of methanogens. Appl Environ Microbiol 1992; 58:2894-900. [PMID: 1444403 PMCID: PMC183024 DOI: 10.1128/aem.58.9.2894-2900.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Unilamellar liposomes were formed by controlled detergent dialysis of mixed micelles consisting of acetone-insoluble total polar lipids extracted from various methanogens and the detergent n-octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside. The final liposome populations were studied by dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy. Unilamellar liposomes with mean diameters smaller than 100 nm were obtained with lipid extracts of Methanococcus voltae, Methanosarcina mazei, Methanosaeta concilii, and Methanococcus jannaschii (grown at 50 degrees C), whereas larger (greater than 100-nm) unilamellar liposomes were obtained with lipid extracts of M. jannaschii grown at 65 degrees C. These liposomes were shown to be closed intact vesicles capable of retaining entrapped [14C]sucrose for extended periods of time. With the exception of Methanospirillum hungatei liposomes, all size distributions of the different liposome populations were fairly homogeneous.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Choquet
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
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40
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Vermeir M, Boens N, Heirwegh KP. Modelling of interaction of basic lipophilic ligands with cytochrome P-450 reconstituted in liposomes. Determination of membrane partition coefficients of S-(-)-nicotine and N,N-diethylaniline from spectral binding studies and fluorescence quenching. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1992; 1107:93-104. [PMID: 1616929 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(92)90333-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The spectral interaction of N,N-diethylaniline and S-(-)-nicotine with cytochrome P450IIB4 reconstituted into large unilamellar vesicles could properly be described by a model for interaction of basic lipid-soluble ligands with membrane-bound acceptor sites in which linear partitioning of non-ionized ligand in the membrane is postulated. Apparent spectral dissociation constants Ksapp for type I binding of N,N-diethylaniline and for type II binding of S-(-)-nicotine increased linearly with increasing lipid volume fraction alpha L of the proteoliposomes. From plots of Ksapp vs. alpha L, the membrane partition coefficient of each ligand was calculated. The apparent affinity of cytochrome P450IIB4 for the ligands increased as the pH was raised from 6.0 to 8.5. However, effective dissociation constants were virtually independent of the pH, indicating that only the uncharged form of the basic ligands interact with cytochrome P450IIB4. For each compound, the apparent quenching rate constants kqapp derived from the Stern-Volmer plots for dynamic quenching of the fluorescence intensity of 8-(2-anthryl)octanoic acid in liposomes, decreased with increasing liposomal concentration. Plots of (kqapp)-1 vs. alpha L of the liposomes yielded the overall bimolecular quenching rate constant kq of each quencher. The kq value for S-(-)-nicotine was about three orders of magnitude less than that for N,N-diethylaniline. The values of the partition coefficient of N,N-diethylaniline, obtained from the binding studies and the fluorescence quenching measurements, were identical (on average, Kp amounted to 383). Analysis of the quenching data of N,N-diethylaniline with Scatchard plots likewise revealed that the association of the compound with liposomal membranes is a pure partition process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vermeir
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Gasthuisberg, Belgium
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41
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Tauskela JS, Akler M, Thompson M. The size dependence of cholate-dialyzed vesicles on phosphatidylcholine concentration. Anal Biochem 1992; 201:282-7. [PMID: 1632515 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(92)90340-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The size dependence of vesicles prepared by dialysis of cholate from phosphatidylcholine (PC) dispersions has been investigated as a function of lipid concentration (at a constant applied lipid: detergent molar ratio of 0.7). Gel filtration of dialyzed samples produced a symmetrical profile shape, although quasielastic laser light scattering analysis of the fractions revealed an asymmetrical range of sizes about the peak for solutions containing elevated lipid concentrations. Vesicle diameters increased by approximately 20 nm for PC concentrations ranging from 10 to a maximum of 45 mg/ml. This was attributed to mixed micelle sizes being proportional to lipid concentration, since the diameters of vesicles produced from dialysis are determined by mixed micelle sizes. Before commencement of dialysis, mixed micelle sizes are proportional to lipid concentration and, although dialysis causes an increase in mixed micelle sizes, the phase ratios attained are larger for solutions containing elevated lipid concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Tauskela
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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42
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Vermeir M, Boens N. Partitioning of (+-)-5,6-dihydro-6-phenyl-2-n-alkyl-imidazo- [2,1-b]thiazoles into large unilamellar liposomes: a steady-state fluorescence quenching study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1992; 1104:63-72. [PMID: 1550854 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(92)90132-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of the tetramisole derivative (+-)-5,6-dihydro-6-phenyl-imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole and a number of its 2-n-alkyl homologues (-ethyl through -n-pentyl and -n-heptyl) with large unilamellar phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine/dipalmitoylphosphatidic acid (2:1:0.06, w/w) vesicles was studied by means of steady-state fluorescence quenching using 8-(2-anthryl)octanoic acid as membrane probe. Linear Stern-Volmer plots were obtained for each derivative, indicating dynamic quenching. The slopes of the plots decreased with increasing liposomal concentration. For four short-chain homologues (-H, -ethyl, -n-propyl and -n-butyl), the respective membrane partition coefficients Kp and bimolecular quenching rate constants kq were determined from the plots of the reciprocal of the apparent quenching rate constant (kappq)-1 against the lipid volume fraction alpha L of the liposomes. The partition coefficients increased with increasing chain-length of the tetramisoles. A linear relationship was found between the free energy of partitioning and the number of methylene units of the homologues (-delta G degrees per methylene group = 1.6 +/- 0.1 kJ mol-1). For the n-pentyl and n-heptyl derivatives, the fluorescence quenching technique did not allow one to determine their membrane partition coefficients. Analysis of the fluorescence intensity measurements with Scatchard plots gave further evidence for the partitioning nature of the tetramisole derivatives' association with the liposomal membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vermeir
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Gasthuisberg, Belgium
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Theiler R, Niederman R. Localization of chromatophore proteins of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. I. Rapid Ca(2+)-induced fusion of chromatophores with phosphatidylglycerol liposomes for proteinase delivery to the luminal membrane surface. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)54477-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Smeulders JB, Blom C, Mellema J. Linear viscoelastic study of lipid vesicle dispersions: Hard-sphere behavior and bilayer surface dynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW. A, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS 1990; 42:3483-3498. [PMID: 9904430 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.42.3483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Kojro Z, Lin SQ, Grell E, Ruf H. Determination of internal volume and volume distribution of lipid vesicles from dynamic light scattering data. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(89)90095-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Keller R, Keist R, Schwendener RA. Discrepancy in the abilities of lymphokines and bacteria to mediate tumor protection in vivo and/or tumoricidal activity by macrophages in vitro. Int J Cancer 1989; 44:512-7. [PMID: 2506137 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910440323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the ability of lymphokines (MAF and IFN gamma) and microbial agents (CP and LM) to induce and maintain tumoricidal activity in BMMP in vitro and to enhance local resistance to the DA rat D-12 ascites tumor in vivo was assessed comparatively. Under standard conditions in vitro, i.e., when present during the 24-hr induction and the 36-hr effector phase, both lymphokines and microbes were similarly potent for eliciting tumoricidal activity in BMMP. When the activating agents were present only during the induction phase, and effector cells were interacted with tumor targets after a 24-hr interval, clear differences were observed: BMMP which had been incubated with lymphokines had largely if not completely lost their tumoricidal activity; in contrast, BMMP which had been incubated with microbes still manifested considerable tumoricidal activity. Experiments performed to assess the in vivo significance of the discrepancy established in vitro have shown that resistance to the D-12 ascites tumor was markedly enhanced after local inoculation of microbes but was affected very little or not at all by soluble lymphokines. The causes responsible for the discrepancy in the antitumor potential of lymphokines vs. microbes are probably manifold. Extensive attempts to improve the efficacy of lymphokines by repeated administration or by incorporation into liposomes were not successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Keller
- Immunobiology Research Group, Institute for Immunology and Virology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Ruf H, Georgalis Y, Grell E. Dynamic laser light scattering to determine size distributions of vesicles. Methods Enzymol 1989; 172:364-90. [PMID: 2747535 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(89)72024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Sánchez-Yagüe J, Cabezas JA, Llanillo M. Rearrangement of aminophospholipids in bilayers from sheep platelet plasma membranes and platelet liposomes by increasing their cholesterol levels. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1987; 145:1362-7. [PMID: 3606606 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(87)91588-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipid orientation in platelet plasma membranes and other blood cells, such as erythrocytes, appears to be rather similar. The negatively charged phospholipids are almost exclusively located on the inner leaflet of the bilayer. No phosphatidylserine is present on the outer membrane bilayer. The results of the present study, using a specific reagent for amino groups, trinitrobenzenesulfanilic acid, showed that in sheep platelet plasma membranes enriched with free exogenous cholesterol, an alteration in the aminophospholipid topology occurs, with a portion of phosphatidylserine moving from the inner to the outer side. A progressive appearance of aminophospholipids in the outer membrane bilayer was also observed in artificial vesicles prepared with total lipids from sheep platelets supplemented with increased amounts of free cholesterol.
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Cook NJ, Zeilinger C, Koch KW, Kaupp UB. Solubilization and functional reconstitution of the cGMP-dependent cation channel from bovine rod outer segments. J Biol Chem 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)75995-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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