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Chen X, Sobczak F, Chen Y, Jiang Y, Qian C, Lu Z, Ayata C, Logothetis NK, Yu X. Mapping optogenetically-driven single-vessel fMRI with concurrent neuronal calcium recordings in the rat hippocampus. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5239. [PMID: 31748553 PMCID: PMC6868210 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12850-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive in vivo imaging studies investigate the hippocampal neural network function, mainly focusing on the dorsal CA1 region given its optical accessibility. Multi-modality fMRI with simultaneous hippocampal electrophysiological recording reveal broad cortical correlation patterns, but the detailed spatial hippocampal functional map remains lacking given the limited fMRI resolution. In particular, hemodynamic responses linked to specific neural activity are unclear at the single-vessel level across hippocampal vasculature, which hinders the deciphering of the hippocampal malfunction in animal models and the translation to critical neurovascular coupling (NVC) patterns for human fMRI. We simultaneously acquired optogenetically-driven neuronal Ca2+ signals with single-vessel blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) and cerebral-blood-volume (CBV)-fMRI from individual venules and arterioles. Distinct spatiotemporal patterns of hippocampal hemodynamic responses were correlated to optogenetically evoked and spreading depression-like calcium events. The calcium event-related single-vessel hemodynamic modeling revealed significantly reduced NVC efficiency upon spreading depression-like (SDL) events, providing a direct measure of the NVC function at various hippocampal states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuming Chen
- Research Group of Translational Neuroimaging and Neural Control, High-Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
- University of Tuebingen, 72074, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Filip Sobczak
- Research Group of Translational Neuroimaging and Neural Control, High-Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
- Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, International Max Planck Research School, University of Tuebingen, 72074, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Yi Chen
- Research Group of Translational Neuroimaging and Neural Control, High-Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
- Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, International Max Planck Research School, University of Tuebingen, 72074, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- Research Group of Translational Neuroimaging and Neural Control, High-Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, 02129, MA, USA
| | - Chunqi Qian
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824, MI, USA
| | - Zuneng Lu
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Cenk Ayata
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, 02129, MA, USA
- Stroke Service and Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02129, Boston, USA
| | - Nikos K Logothetis
- Department of Physiology of Cognitive Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen, 72076, Germany
- Department of Imaging Science and Biomedical Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Xin Yu
- Research Group of Translational Neuroimaging and Neural Control, High-Field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, 02129, MA, USA.
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Kong C, Wei X, Kang J, Tan S, Tsia K, Wong KKY. Ultra-broadband spatiotemporal sweeping device for high-speed optical imaging. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:3546-3549. [PMID: 30067706 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.003546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we propose and demonstrate a spatiotemporal sweeping fiber bundle for ultra-fast optical diagnoses over a multioctave wavelength span, ranging from ∼400 nm to ∼2000 nm. This all-optical spatiotemporal sweeping is realized by precisely controlling the length increment between individual fibers in the fiber bundle. Here, a 200-ps pixel delay increment specifically enables a pixel readout rate of up to 5 GHz. Depending on different configurations of the fiber bundle, either 1D or 2D spatiotemporal sweeping can be realized. Moreover, the high peak power of the short pulse in each pixel can facilitate the highly sensitive optical detection. To showcase its ultra-broadband operation capability, we here perform ultra-fast optical microscopy at three distinctive wavelengths, which are 710 nm, 1030 nm, and 1600 nm, and achieve tens of MHz line-scan rate and few-micrometers resolution for all three experiments. It is anticipated that this inertia-free spatiotemporal sweeping device with ultra-broad bandwidth, GHz pixel readout rate, and high detection sensitivity is promising for ultra-fast optical diagnosis, particularly when hyperspectral characteristics are desired.
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Tadayon MA, Pavlova I, Martyniuk KM, Mohanty A, Roberts SP, Barbosa F, Denny CA, Lipson M. Microphotonic needle for minimally invasive endoscopic imaging with sub-cellular resolution. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10756. [PMID: 30018316 PMCID: PMC6050293 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultra-compact micro-optical elements for endoscopic instruments and miniaturized microscopes allow for non-invasive and non-destructive examination of microstructures and tissues. With sub-cellular level resolution such instruments could provide immediate diagnosis that is virtually consistent with a histologic diagnosis enabling for example to differentiate the boundaries between malignant and benign tissue. Such instruments are now being developed at a rapid rate; however, current manufacturing technologies limit the instruments to very large sizes, well beyond the sub-mm sizes required in order to ensure minimal tissue damage. We show here a platform based on planar microfabrication and soft lithography that overcomes the limitation of current optical elements enabling single cell resolution. We show the ability to resolve lithographic features that are as small as 2 μm using probes with a cross section that is only 100 microns in size. We also show the ability to image individual activated neural cells in brain slices via our fabricated probe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ina Pavlova
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Aseema Mohanty
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Felippe Barbosa
- Department of Physics, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Michal Lipson
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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4
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Deep-brain imaging via epi-fluorescence Computational Cannula Microscopy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44791. [PMID: 28317915 PMCID: PMC5357895 DOI: 10.1038/srep44791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we demonstrate widefield (field diameter = 200 μm) fluorescence microscopy and video imaging inside the rodent brain at a depth of 2 mm using a simple surgical glass needle (cannula) of diameter 0.22 mm as the primary optical element. The cannula guides excitation light into the brain and the fluorescence signal out of the brain. Concomitant image-processing algorithms are utilized to convert the spatially scrambled images into fluorescent images and video. The small size of the cannula enables minimally invasive imaging, while the long length (>2 mm) allow for deep-brain imaging with no additional complexity in the optical system. Since no scanning is involved, widefield fluorescence video at the native frame rate of the camera can be achieved.
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Ando Y, Sakurai T, Koida K, Tei H, Hida A, Nakao K, Natsume M, Numano R. In vivo bioluminescence and reflectance imaging of multiple organs in bioluminescence reporter mice by bundled-fiber-coupled microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:963-978. [PMID: 27231601 PMCID: PMC4866468 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.000963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is used in biomedical research to monitor biological processes within living organisms. Recently, fiber bundles with high transmittance and density have been developed to detect low light with high resolution. Therefore, we have developed a bundled-fiber-coupled microscope with a highly sensitive cooled-CCD camera that enables the BLI of organs within the mouse body. This is the first report of in vivo BLI of the brain and multiple organs in luciferase-reporter mice using bundled-fiber optics. With reflectance imaging, the structures of blood vessels and organs can be seen clearly with light illumination, and it allowed identification of the structural details of bioluminescence images. This technique can also be applied to clinical diagnostics in a low invasive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoriko Ando
- Electronics-Inspired Interdisciplinary Research Institute (EIIRIS), Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-8580, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakurai
- Electronics-Inspired Interdisciplinary Research Institute (EIIRIS), Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-8580, Japan
- Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kowa Koida
- Electronics-Inspired Interdisciplinary Research Institute (EIIRIS), Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-8580, Japan
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-8580, Japan
| | - Hajime Tei
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Akiko Hida
- Department of Psychophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553 Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakao
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Mistuo Natsume
- Denkosha Co., Ltd., Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 432-8055, Japan
| | - Rika Numano
- Electronics-Inspired Interdisciplinary Research Institute (EIIRIS), Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-8580, Japan
- Department of Environmental and Life Science, Biological Regulatory Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-8580, Japan
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6
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Miyamoto D, Murayama M. The fiber-optic imaging and manipulation of neural activity during animal behavior. Neurosci Res 2015; 103:1-9. [PMID: 26427958 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress with optogenetic probes for imaging and manipulating neural activity has further increased the relevance of fiber-optic systems for neural circuitry research. Optical fibers, which bi-directionally transmit light between separate sites (even at a distance of several meters), can be used for either optical imaging or manipulating neural activity relevant to behavioral circuitry mechanisms. The method's flexibility and the specifications of the light structure are well suited for following the behavior of freely moving animals. Furthermore, thin optical fibers allow researchers to monitor neural activity from not only the cortical surface but also deep brain regions, including the hippocampus and amygdala. Such regions are difficult to target with two-photon microscopes. Optogenetic manipulation of neural activity with an optical fiber has the advantage of being selective for both cell-types and projections as compared to conventional electrophysiological brain tissue stimulation. It is difficult to extract any data regarding changes in neural activity solely from a fiber-optic manipulation device; however, the readout of data is made possible by combining manipulation with electrophysiological recording, or the simultaneous application of optical imaging and manipulation using a bundle-fiber. The present review introduces recent progress in fiber-optic imaging and manipulation methods, while also discussing fiber-optic system designs that are suitable for a given experimental protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Miyamoto
- Behavioral Neurophysiology Laboratory, Brain Science Institute, Riken, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masanori Murayama
- Behavioral Neurophysiology Laboratory, Brain Science Institute, Riken, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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7
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Abstract
Genetically encoded optical actuators and indicators have changed the landscape of neuroscience, enabling targetable control and readout of specific components of intact neural circuits in behaving animals. Here, we review the development of optical neural interfaces, focusing on hardware designed for optical control of neural activity, integrated optical control and electrical readout, and optical readout of population and single-cell neural activity in freely moving mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R Warden
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853;
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8
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Mufti N, Kong Y, Cirillo JD, Maitland KC. Fiber optic microendoscopy for preclinical study of bacterial infection dynamics. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 2:1121-34. [PMID: 21559125 PMCID: PMC3087570 DOI: 10.1364/boe.2.001121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 04/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We explore the use of fiber optic microendoscopy to image and quantify bacterial infection in the skin and lungs using an animal model. The contact probe fiber bundle fluorescence microendoscope has a 4 µm resolution, a 750 µm field of view, and a 1 mm outer diameter. Subcutaneous and intra-tracheal infections of fluorescent Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) bacteria were detected in situ from inocula down to 10(4) and 10(7) colony forming units, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooman Mufti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 337 Zachry Engineering Center, 3120 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ying Kong
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 467 Reynolds Medical Building, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jeffrey D. Cirillo
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 467 Reynolds Medical Building, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Kristen C. Maitland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 337 Zachry Engineering Center, 3120 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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9
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Muldoon TJ, Pierce MC, Nida DL, Williams MD, Gillenwater A, Richards-Kortum R. Subcellular-resolution molecular imaging within living tissue by fiber microendoscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2007; 15:16413-23. [PMID: 19550931 PMCID: PMC3065245 DOI: 10.1364/oe.15.016413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Conventional histopathology involves sampling, sectioning and staining of tissue specimens prior to microscopic evaluation, and provides diagnostic information at a single location and point in time. In vivo microscopy and molecular-targeted optical labeling are two rapidly developing fields, which together have the potential to provide anatomical and functional indications of disease by staining and imaging tissue in situ. To address the need for high-resolution imaging instrumentation, we have developed a compact, robust, and inexpensive fiber-optic microendoscopy system based around wide-field LED illumination, a flexible 1 mm diameter fiber-optic bundle, and a color CCD camera. We demonstrate the sub-cellular resolution imaging capabilities of the system through a series of experiments, beginning with simultaneous imaging of three different cancer cell lines in culture, each targeted with a distinct fluorescent label. We used the narrow diameter probe to access subcutaneous tumors in an in vivo murine model, allowing direct comparison of microendoscopy images with macroscopic images and histopathology. A surgically resected tissue specimen from the human oral cavity was imaged across the clinical margin, demonstrating qualitative and quantitative distinction between normal and cancerous tissue based on sub-cellular image features. Finally, the fiber-optic microendoscope was used on topically-stained normal human oral mucosa in vivo, resolving epithelial cell nuclei and membranes in real-time fluorescence images. Our results demonstrate that this imaging system can potentially complement conventional diagnostic techniques, and support efforts to translate emerging molecular-diagnostic and therapeutic agents into clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Muldoon
- Dept. of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston TX 77005
| | - Mark C. Pierce
- Dept. of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston TX 77005
| | - Dawn L. Nida
- Dept. of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston TX 77005
| | - Michelle D. Williams
- Dept. of Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1100 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston TX 77030
| | - Ann Gillenwater
- Dept. of Head & Neck Surgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1100 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston TX 77030
| | - Rebecca Richards-Kortum
- Dept. of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston TX 77005
- Corresponding author
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10
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Murayama M, Pérez-Garci E, Lüscher HR, Larkum ME. Fiberoptic system for recording dendritic calcium signals in layer 5 neocortical pyramidal cells in freely moving rats. J Neurophysiol 2007; 98:1791-805. [PMID: 17634346 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00082.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium influx into the dendritic tufts of layer 5 neocortical pyramidal neurons modifies a number of important cellular mechanisms. It can trigger local synaptic plasticity and switch the firing properties from regular to burst firing. Due to methodological limitations, our knowledge about Ca2+ spikes in the dendritic tuft stems mostly from in vitro experiments. However, it has been speculated that regenerative Ca2+ events in the distal dendrites correlate with distinct behavioral states. Therefore it would be most desirable to be able to record these Ca2+ events in vivo, preferably in the behaving animal. Here, we present a novel approach for recording Ca2+ signals in the dendrites of populations of layer 5 pyramidal neurons in vivo, which ensures that all recorded fluorescence changes are due to intracellular Ca2+ signals in the apical dendrites. The method has two main features: 1) bolus loading of layer 5 with a membrane-permeant Ca2+ dye resulting in specific loading of pyramidal cell dendrites in the upper layers and 2) a fiberoptic cable attached to a gradient index lens and a prism reflecting light horizontally at 90 degrees to the angle of the apical dendrites. We demonstrate that the in vivo signal-to-noise ratio recorded with this relatively inexpensive and easy-to-implement fiberoptic-based device is comparable to conventional camera-based imaging systems used in vitro. In addition, the device is flexible and lightweight and can be used for recording Ca2+ signals in the distal dendritic tuft of freely behaving animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Murayama
- Institute of Physiology, University of Bern, Bühlplatz 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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11
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Dubaj V, Mazzolini A, Wood A. Monitoring of neuronal and glial calcium activity using a novel direct-contact probe. J Microsc 2007; 226:83-9. [PMID: 17444939 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2007.01761.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In vivo neuronal and glial calcium activity was monitored using a novel direct-contact probe that was designed for fluorescence detection deep within biological tissue. A small diameter fibre bundle direct-contact probe was employed with a laser scanning confocal microscope to detect evoked neuronal and glial activity in the posteromedial barrel subfield of the rat somatosensory cortex in vivo. Resolution of the probe allowed discrimination of single cells, and calcium dynamics spanning milliseconds to several seconds were observed. Initial results indicate that the probe has useful practical applications in the imaging of individual cells and monitoring rapid calcium fluctuations within their cell body and large processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Dubaj
- Neurosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
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12
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Fukuda Y, Kawano Y, Tanikawa Y, Oba M, Koyama M, Takagi H, Matsumoto M, Nagayama K, Setou M. In vivo imaging of the dendritic arbors of layer V pyramidal cells in the cerebral cortex using a laser scanning microscope with a stick-type objective lens. Neurosci Lett 2006; 400:53-7. [PMID: 16530329 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2005] [Revised: 02/14/2006] [Accepted: 02/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the field of neuroscience, low-invasive in vivo imaging would be a very useful method of monitoring the morphological dynamics of intact neurons in living animals. At present, there are two widely used in vivo imaging methods; one is the two-photon microscope method, and the other is the fiber optics method. However, these methods are not suitable for the in vivo imaging of deeper subcortical structures. In our study, we have developed a novel method for the in vivo imaging of pyramidal neurons in layer V of the cerebral cortex, utilizing a MicroLSM system and a stick-type objective lens that can be directly inserted into the target tissue. By using this method, we succeeded in obtaining clear images of pyramidal neurons in layer V of the cerebral cortex under a low-invasive condition. The MicroLSM system is a useful and versatile in vivo imaging system that will be applicable not only to the brain but also to other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Fukuda
- Laboratory for Molecular Gerontology, Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences Setou Group, Machida 194-8511, Japan
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13
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Flusberg BA, Cocker ED, Piyawattanametha W, Jung JC, Cheung ELM, Schnitzer MJ. Fiber-optic fluorescence imaging. Nat Methods 2006; 2:941-50. [PMID: 16299479 PMCID: PMC2849801 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Optical fibers guide light between separate locations and enable new types of fluorescence imaging. Fiber-optic fluorescence imaging systems include portable handheld microscopes, flexible endoscopes well suited for imaging within hollow tissue cavities and microendoscopes that allow minimally invasive high-resolution imaging deep within tissue. A challenge in the creation of such devices is the design and integration of miniaturized optical and mechanical components. Until recently, fiber-based fluorescence imaging was mainly limited to epifluorescence and scanning confocal modalities. Two new classes of photonic crystal fiber facilitate ultrashort pulse delivery for fiber-optic two-photon fluorescence imaging. An upcoming generation of fluorescence imaging devices will be based on microfabricated device components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Flusberg
- James H. Clark Center for Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Stanford University, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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14
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Brecht M, Fee MS, Garaschuk O, Helmchen F, Margrie TW, Svoboda K, Osten P. Novel approaches to monitor and manipulate single neurons in vivo. J Neurosci 2005; 24:9223-7. [PMID: 15496655 PMCID: PMC6730093 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3344-04.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Brecht
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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15
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Dubaj V, Mazzolini A, Wood A, Harris M. Optic fibre bundle contact imaging probe employing a laser scanning confocal microscope. J Microsc 2002; 207:108-17. [PMID: 12180956 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2818.2002.01052.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A small diameter (600 micro m) fused optic fibre imaging bundle was used as a probe to compare fluorescent specimens by direct contact imaging using both a conventional fluorescence microscope and a laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) system. Green fluorescent polyester fibres placed on a green fluorescent cardboard background were used to model biological tissue. Axial displacement curves support the hypothesis that pinhole size in the LSCM system reduces the contribution of non-focal plane light. Qualitative comparison showed that the LSCM system produced superior image quality and contrast over the conventional system. The results indicate that the new LSCM-probe combination is an improvement over conventional fluorescence-probe systems. This study shows the feasibility of employing such a small diameter probe in the investigation of biological function in difficult to access areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Dubaj
- Centre for Imaging and Appled Optics, Swinburne University, Mail H31, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
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16
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Nakamura T, Minamisawa H, Katayama Y, Ueda M, Terashi A, Nakamura K, Kudo Y. Increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration in the hippocampal CA1 area during global ischemia and reperfusion in the rat: a possible cause of delayed neuronal death. Neuroscience 1999; 88:57-67. [PMID: 10051189 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(98)00207-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The crucial role of free cytosolic Ca2+ in ischemic neuronal damage has been studied in recent years. In the present report, changes in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in the hippocampal CA1 area during transient global ischemia and reperfusion were measured using in vivo Ca2+ fluorometry with fura-2 in the four-vessel occlusion and reperfusion model in halothane-anesthetized rats. Marked changes were seen during 10-min global ischemia, with the intracellular Ca2+ concentration increasing gradually following application of the ischemic insult and rapidly about 2 min after the beginning of ischemia, and continuing to increase until reperfusion. On reperfusion, the intracellular Ca2+ concentration began to decrease and returned to the pre-ischemic level within 15 min. Induction of severe global ischemia was confirmed by the complete suppression of synaptic activity and the decrease in hippocampal temperature in the CA1 area. After seven days, CA1 pyramidal cell loss was observed histopathologically in the same rats which had undergone measurement of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration changes. In the present study, a temporal profile of the free cytosolic Ca2+ dynamics during ischemic and early post-ischemic period was determined in vivo. The results demonstrate that the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in the hippocampal CA1 area is transiently and markedly increased during a brief ischemia-inducing delayed neuronal death, implying that Ca2+ overload during cerebral ischemia is a possible cause of the delayed cell death of CA1 pyramidal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nakamura
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Japan
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