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Yang J, Kisu T, Watanabe O, Kitai Y, Ohmiya S, Fan Y, Nishimura H. Analysis of neuraminidase activity of human parainfluenza viruses using enzyme-linked lectin assay and BTP3-Neu5Ac assay. Microbiol Immunol 2024. [PMID: 39318127 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Human parainfluenza viruses (hPIVs) are causative agents of upper and lower respiratory tract infections and they have four serotypes. The virion surface displays hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN), having hemagglutinating (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) activities in a single molecule. The HA activity binds the virion to sialic acid on the viral receptor on host cells and the NA releases the progeny viruses from the cell surface. There are several methods for assaying viral NA activity, such as the thiobarbituric acid assay, 4-methylumbelliferyl-N-acetyl-α-d-neuraminic acid assay, NA-Star assay, and enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA). However, these are mainly used for influenza viruses and not for hPIVs. A fluorescent-based cytochemical NA assay using BTP3-Neu5Ac as the substrate was recently developed and used for orthomyxo- and paramyxoviruses, including types 1 and 3 hPIVs. In this study, we used the ELLA, and BTP-Neu5Ac assay for 14 field isolate strains of hPIVs including all four serotypes. The reaction in ELLA at pH 6.5 using peanut agglutinin (PNA) as a lectin was very low for all tested viruses except a type 3 virus strain with the maximum reaction at pH 6.5 and the acidic conditions did not enhance the reaction. ELLA with another lectin, Erythrina cristagalli agglutinin exhibited significant and stronger reactions than with PNA in some strains of types 1 and 3 viruses. The BTP3-Neu5Ac assay showed a fluorescent signal on cells infected with all the viruses except the hPIV1/Sendai/713/2018 strain in LLC-MK2 and/or MNT-1. The signal was detected in cell-free virus, as well, in all the viruses except the hPIV4a/Sendai/3935/2003 strain. The strength of the signal varied among viral strains but it was stronger in the reaction at pH 4.0 than pH 7.0 and strongest in type 2 hPIVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kisu
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Sendai, Japan
| | - Oshi Watanabe
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuki Kitai
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Sendai, Japan
| | - Suguru Ohmiya
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuxuan Fan
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Nishimura
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, National Hospital Organization, Sendai, Japan
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2
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Luo J, Zhang M, Ye Q, Gao F, Xu W, Li B, Wang Q, Zhao L, Tan WS. A synthetic TLR4 agonist significantly increases humoral immune responses and the protective ability of an MDCK-cell-derived inactivated H7N9 vaccine in mice. Arch Virol 2024; 169:163. [PMID: 38990396 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06082-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Antigenically divergent H7N9 viruses pose a potential threat to public health, with the poor immunogenicity of candidate H7N9 vaccines demonstrated in clinical trials underscoring the urgent need for more-effective H7N9 vaccines. In the present study, mice were immunized with various doses of a suspended-MDCK-cell-derived inactivated H7N9 vaccine, which was based on a low-pathogenic H7N9 virus, to assess cross-reactive immunity and cross-protection against antigenically divergent H7N9 viruses. We found that the CRX-527 adjuvant, a synthetic TLR4 agonist, significantly enhanced the humoral immune responses of the suspended-MDCK-cell-derived H7N9 vaccine, with significant antigen-sparing and immune-enhancing effects, including robust virus-specific IgG, hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI), neuraminidase-inhibiting (NI), and virus-neutralizing (VN) antibody responses, which are crucial for protection against influenza virus infection. Moreover, the CRX-527-adjuvanted H7N9 vaccine also elicited cross-protective immunity and cross-protection against a highly pathogenic H7N9 virus with a single vaccination. Notably, NI and VN antibodies might play an important role in cross-protection against lethal influenza virus infections. This study showed that a synthetic TLR4 agonist adjuvant has a potent immunopotentiating effect, which might be considered worth further development as a means of increasing vaccine effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Feixia Gao
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenting Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products, Shanghai, China
| | - Beibei Li
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Song Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Lederhofer J, Tsybovsky Y, Nguyen L, Raab JE, Creanga A, Stephens T, Gillespie RA, Syeda HZ, Fisher BE, Skertic M, Yap C, Schaub AJ, Rawi R, Kwong PD, Graham BS, McDermott AB, Andrews SF, King NP, Kanekiyo M. Protective human monoclonal antibodies target conserved sites of vulnerability on the underside of influenza virus neuraminidase. Immunity 2024; 57:574-586.e7. [PMID: 38430907 PMCID: PMC10962683 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Continuously evolving influenza viruses cause seasonal epidemics and pose global pandemic threats. Although viral neuraminidase (NA) is an effective drug and vaccine target, our understanding of the NA antigenic landscape still remains incomplete. Here, we describe NA-specific human antibodies that target the underside of the NA globular head domain, inhibit viral propagation of a wide range of human H3N2, swine-origin variant H3N2, and H2N2 viruses, and confer both pre- and post-exposure protection against lethal H3N2 infection in mice. Cryo-EM structures of two such antibodies in complex with NA reveal non-overlapping epitopes covering the underside of the NA head. These sites are highly conserved among N2 NAs yet inaccessible unless the NA head tilts or dissociates. Our findings help guide the development of effective countermeasures against ever-changing influenza viruses by identifying hidden conserved sites of vulnerability on the NA underside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Lederhofer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Vaccine Research Center Electron Microscopy Unit, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Lam Nguyen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Julie E Raab
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adrian Creanga
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tyler Stephens
- Vaccine Research Center Electron Microscopy Unit, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Rebecca A Gillespie
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hubza Z Syeda
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brian E Fisher
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michelle Skertic
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christina Yap
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew J Schaub
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Reda Rawi
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Barney S Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adrian B McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarah F Andrews
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Neil P King
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Masaru Kanekiyo
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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4
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Wan Z, Gong J, Sang J, Jiang W, Zhao Z, Tang T, Li Y, Zhao Y, Kan Q, Xie Q, Li T, Shao H, Gao W, Qin A, Ye J. Identification of key residues of B cell epitopes in hemagglutinin of H6 influenza A virus. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0205923. [PMID: 37882566 PMCID: PMC10715104 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02059-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Since the escape immunity of influenza A viruses (IAVs) is mainly caused by the continuous antigenic variations in HA, the identification of key antigenic epitopes is crucial for better understanding of the escape immunity and vaccine development for IAVs. The antigenic sites of several HA subtypes, including H1, H3, H5, and H9, have been well characterized, whereas those of H6 subtype are poorly understood. Here, we mapped nine key residues of antigenic epitopes in H6 through escape mutants using a panel of MAbs. Moreover, MAbs 4C2 and 6E3, targeting 140 and 89 residues, respectively, could protect mice against lethal challenge of MA E-Teal/417. These key residues of antigenic epitopes identified here provide the molecular targets for further elucidating the antigenic evolution of H6 and better preparing the vaccine against H6 IAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Wan
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianxi Gong
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianjun Sang
- Sinopharm Yangzhou VAC Biological Engineering Co. Ltd, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjie Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhehong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ting Tang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yafeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yichao Zhao
- Sinopharm Yangzhou VAC Biological Engineering Co. Ltd, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuqi Kan
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Quan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tuofan Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongxia Shao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aijian Qin
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianqiang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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5
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Del Rosario JMM, da Costa KAS, Temperton NJ. Pseudotyped Viruses for Influenza. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1407:153-173. [PMID: 36920696 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-0113-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
We have developed an influenza hemagglutinin (HA) pseudotype (PV) library encompassing all influenza A (IAV) subtypes from HA1-HA18, influenza B (IBV) subtypes (both lineages), representative influenza C (ICV), and influenza D (IDV) viruses. These influenza HA (or hemagglutinin-esterase fusion (HEF) for ICV and IDV) pseudotypes have been used in a pseudotype microneutralization assay (pMN), an optimized luciferase reporter assay, that is highly sensitive and specific for detecting neutralizing antibodies against influenza viruses. This has been an invaluable tool in detecting the humoral immune response against specific hemagglutinin or hemagglutinin-esterase fusion proteins for IAV to IDV in serum samples and for screening antibodies for their neutralizing abilities. Additionally, we have also produced influenza neuraminidase (NA) pseudotypes for IAV N1-N9 subtypes and IBV lineages. We have utilized these NA-PV as surrogate antigens in in vitro assays to assess vaccine immunogenicity. These NA PV have been employed as the source of neuraminidase enzyme activity in a pseudotype enzyme-linked lectin assay (pELLA) that is able to measure neuraminidase inhibition (NI) titers of reference antisera, monoclonal antibodies, and postvaccination sera. Here we show the production of influenza HA, HEF, and NA PV and their employment as substitutes for wild-type viruses in influenza serological and neutralization assays. We also introduce AutoPlate, an easily accessible web app that can analyze data from pMN and pELLA quickly and efficiently, plotting inhibition curves and calculating half-maximal concentration (IC50) neutralizing antibody titers. These serological techniques coupled with user-friendly analysis tools are faster, safer, inexpensive alternatives to classical influenza assays while also offering the reliability and reproducibility to advance influenza research and make it more accessible to laboratories around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Marie M Del Rosario
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent and Greenwich at Medway, Chatham, UK
| | - Kelly A S da Costa
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent and Greenwich at Medway, Chatham, UK
| | - Nigel J Temperton
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent and Greenwich at Medway, Chatham, UK.
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6
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Influenza A (N1-N9) and Influenza B (B/Victoria and B/Yamagata) Neuraminidase Pseudotypes as Tools for Pandemic Preparedness and Improved Influenza Vaccine Design. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091520. [PMID: 36146598 PMCID: PMC9571397 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand how inhibition of the influenza neuraminidase (NA) protein contributes to protection against influenza, we produced lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with an avian H11 hemagglutinin (HA) and the NA of all influenza A (N1–N9) subtypes and influenza B (B/Victoria and B/Yamagata). These NA viral pseudotypes (PV) possess stable NA activity and can be utilized as target antigens in in vitro assays to assess vaccine immunogenicity. Employing these NA PV, we developed an enzyme-linked lectin assay (pELLA) for routine serology to measure neuraminidase inhibition (NI) titers of reference antisera, monoclonal antibodies and post-vaccination sera with various influenza antigens. We also show that the pELLA is more sensitive than the commercially available NA-Fluor™ in detecting NA inhibition in these samples. Our studies may lead to establishing the protective NA titer that contributes to NA-based immunity. This will aid in the design of superior, longer lasting and more broadly protective vaccines that can be employed together with HA-targeted vaccines in a pre-pandemic approach.
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7
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Gao J, Li X, Klenow L, Malik T, Wan H, Ye Z, Daniels R. Antigenic comparison of the neuraminidases from recent influenza A vaccine viruses and 2019-2020 circulating strains. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:79. [PMID: 35835790 PMCID: PMC9283437 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00500-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although viral-based influenza vaccines contain neuraminidase (NA or N) antigens from the recommended seasonal strains, NA is not extensively evaluated like hemagglutinin (H) during the strain selection process. Here, we compared the antigenicity of NAs from recently recommended H1N1 (2010–2021 seasons) and H3N2 (2015–2021 seasons) vaccine strains and viruses that circulated between September 2019 and December 2020. The antigenicity was evaluated by measuring NA ferret antisera titers that provide 50% inhibition of NA activity in an enzyme-linked lectin assay. Our results show that NAs from circulating H1N1 viruses and vaccine strains for the 2017–2021 seasons are all antigenically similar and distinct from the NA in the H1N1 strain recommended for the 2010–2017 seasons. Changes in N1 antigenicity were attributed to the accumulation of substitutions over time, especially the loss of an N-linked glycosylation site (Asn386) in current N1s. The NAs from circulating H3N2 viruses and the 2020–2021 vaccine strains showed similar antigenicity that varied across the N2s in the 2016–2020 vaccine strains and was distinct from the N2 in the 2015–2016 vaccine strain. These data suggest that the recent N1 antigenicity has remained similar since the loss of the head domain N-linked glycosylation site, whereas N2 antigenicity has changed more incrementally each season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gao
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Xing Li
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Laura Klenow
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Tahir Malik
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Hongquan Wan
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Zhiping Ye
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Robert Daniels
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.
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8
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Bernard MC, Waldock J, Commandeur S, Strauß L, Trombetta CM, Marchi S, Zhou F, van de Witte S, van Amsterdam P, Ho S, Hoschler K, Lugovtsev V, Weir JP, Montomoli E, Cox RJ, Engelhardt OG, Friel D, Wagner R, Ollinger T, Germain S, Sediri-Schön H. Validation of a Harmonized Enzyme-Linked-Lectin-Assay (ELLA-NI) Based Neuraminidase Inhibition Assay Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for Quantification of N1 Influenza Antibodies and the Use of a Calibrator to Improve the Reproducibility of the ELLA-NI With Reverse Genetics Viral and Recombinant Neuraminidase Antigens: A FLUCOP Collaborative Study. Front Immunol 2022; 13:909297. [PMID: 35784305 PMCID: PMC9248865 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.909297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Current vaccination strategies against influenza focus on generating an antibody response against the viral haemagglutination surface protein, however there is increasing interest in neuraminidase (NA) as a target for vaccine development. A critical tool for development of vaccines that target NA or include an NA component is available validated serology assays for quantifying anti-NA antibodies. Additionally serology assays have a critical role in defining correlates of protection in vaccine development and licensure. Standardisation of these assays is important for consistent and accurate results. In this study we first validated a harmonized enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA)- Neuraminidase Inhibition (NI) SOP for N1 influenza antigen and demonstrated the assay was precise, linear, specific and robust within classical acceptance criteria for neutralization assays for vaccine testing. Secondly we tested this SOP with NA from influenza B viruses and showed the assay performed consistently with both influenza A and B antigens. Third, we demonstrated that recombinant NA (rNA) could be used as a source of antigen in ELLA-NI. In addition to validating a harmonized SOP we finally demonstrated a clear improvement in inter-laboratory agreement across several studies by using a calibrator. Importantly we showed that the use of a calibrator significantly improved agreement when using different sources of antigen in ELLA-NI, namely reverse genetics viruses and recombinant NA. We provide a freely available and detailed harmonized SOP for ELLA-NI. Our results add to the growing body of evidence in support of developing biological standards for influenza serology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Waldock
- Influenza Resource Centre, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvie Commandeur
- Department of Research and Development, Sanofi Pasteur, Marcy L’Etoile, France
| | - Lea Strauß
- Section viral vaccines, Virology Division, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany
| | | | - Serena Marchi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Fan Zhou
- Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Sammy Ho
- UK Health Security Agency, Colindale, United Kingdom
| | | | - Vladimir Lugovtsev
- Laboratory of DNA Viruses, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Jerry P. Weir
- Laboratory of DNA Viruses, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Emanuele Montomoli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Rebecca J. Cox
- Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Othmar G. Engelhardt
- Influenza Resource Centre, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ralf Wagner
- Section viral vaccines, Virology Division, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany
| | | | | | - Hanna Sediri-Schön
- Section viral vaccines, Virology Division, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Hanna Sediri-Schön,
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9
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Parys A, Vandoorn E, Chiers K, Van Reeth K. Alternating 3 different influenza vaccines for swine in Europe for a broader antibody response and protection. Vet Res 2022; 53:44. [PMID: 35705993 PMCID: PMC9202218 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01060-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterologous prime-boost vaccination with experimental or commercial influenza vaccines has been successful in various animal species. In this study, we have examined the efficacy of alternating 3 different European commercial swine influenza A virus (swIAV) vaccines: the trivalent Respiporc® FLU3 (TIV), the bivalent GRIPORK® (BIV) and the monovalent Respiporc® FLUpan H1N1 (MOV). Five groups of 6 pigs each received 3 vaccinations at 4-6 week intervals in a homologous or heterologous prime-boost regimen. A sixth group served as a mock-vaccinated challenge control. Four weeks after the last vaccination, pigs were challenged intranasally with a European avian-like H1N1 (1C.2.1) swIAV, which was antigenically distinct from the vaccine strains. One heterologous prime-boost group (TIV-BIV-MOV) had higher hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and neuraminidase inhibition antibody responses against a panel of antigenically distinct H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 IAVs than the other heterologous prime-boost group (BIV-TIV-MOV) and the homologous prime-boost groups (3xTIV; 3xBIV; 3xMOV). Group TIV-BIV-MOV had seroprotective HI titers (≥ 40) against 56% of the tested viruses compared to 33% in group BIV-TIV-MOV and 22-39% in the homologous prime-boost groups. Post-challenge, group TIV-BIV-MOV was the single group with significantly reduced virus titers in all respiratory samples compared to the challenge control group. Our results suggest that the use of different commercial swIAV vaccines for successive vaccinations may result in broader antibody responses and protection than the traditional, homologous prime-boost vaccination regimens. In addition, the order in which the different vaccines are administered seems to affect the breadth of the antibody response and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Parys
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Elien Vandoorn
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Koen Chiers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Kristien Van Reeth
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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10
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Wang Y, Tang CY, Wan XF. Antigenic characterization of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 viruses. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:2841-2881. [PMID: 34905077 PMCID: PMC8669429 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03806-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Antigenic characterization of emerging and re-emerging viruses is necessary for the prevention of and response to outbreaks, evaluation of infection mechanisms, understanding of virus evolution, and selection of strains for vaccine development. Primary analytic methods, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent/lectin assays, hemagglutination inhibition, neuraminidase inhibition, micro-neutralization assays, and antigenic cartography, have been widely used in the field of influenza research. These techniques have been improved upon over time for increased analytical capacity, and some have been mobilized for the rapid characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 virus as well as its variants, facilitating the development of highly effective vaccines within 1 year of the initially reported outbreak. While great strides have been made for evaluating the antigenic properties of these viruses, multiple challenges prevent efficient vaccine strain selection and accurate assessment. For influenza, these barriers include the requirement for a large virus quantity to perform the assays, more than what can typically be provided by the clinical samples alone, cell- or egg-adapted mutations that can cause antigenic mismatch between the vaccine strain and circulating viruses, and up to a 6-month duration of vaccine development after vaccine strain selection, which allows viruses to continue evolving with potential for antigenic drift and, thus, antigenic mismatch between the vaccine strain and the emerging epidemic strain. SARS-CoV-2 characterization has faced similar challenges with the additional barrier of the need for facilities with high biosafety levels due to its infectious nature. In this study, we review the primary analytic methods used for antigenic characterization of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 and discuss the barriers of these methods and current developments for addressing these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- MU Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases (CIEID), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Cynthia Y Tang
- MU Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases (CIEID), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Xiu-Feng Wan
- MU Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases (CIEID), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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11
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Abstract
The neuraminidase (NA) of influenza A and B viruses plays a distinct role in viral replication and has a highly conserved catalytic site. Numerous sialic (neuraminic) acid analogs that competitively bind to the NA active site and potently inhibit enzyme activity have been synthesized and tested. Four NA inhibitors are now licensed in various parts of the world (zanamivir, oseltamivir, peramivir, and laninamivir) to treat influenza A and B infections. NA changes, naturally occurring or acquired under selective pressure, have been shown to reduce drug binding, thereby affecting the effectiveness of NA inhibitors. Drug resistance and other drawbacks have prompted the search for the next-generation NA-targeting therapeutics. One of the promising approaches is the identification of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the conserved NA epitopes. Anti-NA mAbs demonstrate Fab-based antiviral activity supplemented with Fc-mediated immune effector functions. Antiviral Fc-conjugates offer another cutting-edge strategy that is based on a multimodal mechanism of action. These novel antiviral agents are composed of a small-molecule NA inhibitor and an Fc-region that simultaneously engages the immune system. The significant advancements made in recent years further support the value of NA as an attractive target for the antiviral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Gubareva
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30329-4027, USA
| | - Teena Mohan
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30329-4027, USA
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12
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Mazel-Sanchez B, Iwaszkiewicz J, Bonifacio JPP, Silva F, Niu C, Strohmeier S, Eletto D, Krammer F, Tan G, Zoete V, Hale BG, Schmolke M. Influenza A viruses balance ER stress with host protein synthesis shutoff. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2024681118. [PMID: 34479996 PMCID: PMC8433552 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024681118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive production of viral glycoproteins during infections poses a tremendous stress potential on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein folding machinery of the host cell. The host cell balances this by providing more ER resident chaperones and reducing translation. For viruses, this unfolded protein response (UPR) offers the potential to fold more glycoproteins. We postulated that viruses could have developed means to limit the inevitable ER stress to a beneficial level for viral replication. Using a relevant human pathogen, influenza A virus (IAV), we first established the determinant for ER stress and UPR induction during infection. In contrast to a panel of previous reports, we identified neuraminidase to be the determinant for ER stress induction, and not hemagglutinin. IAV relieves ER stress by expression of its nonstructural protein 1 (NS1). NS1 interferes with the host messenger RNA processing factor CPSF30 and suppresses ER stress response factors, such as XBP1. In vivo viral replication is increased when NS1 antagonizes ER stress induction. Our results reveal how IAV optimizes glycoprotein expression by balancing folding capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beryl Mazel-Sanchez
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Justyna Iwaszkiewicz
- Molecular Modelling Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joao P P Bonifacio
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Filo Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chengyue Niu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Shirin Strohmeier
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Davide Eletto
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Gene Tan
- Infectious Diseases, J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Vincent Zoete
- Molecular Modelling Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin G Hale
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mirco Schmolke
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
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13
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Lin X, Lin F, Liang T, Ducatez MF, Zanin M, Wong SS. Antibody Responsiveness to Influenza: What Drives It? Viruses 2021; 13:v13071400. [PMID: 34372607 PMCID: PMC8310379 DOI: 10.3390/v13071400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The induction of a specific antibody response has long been accepted as a serological hallmark of recent infection or antigen exposure. Much of our understanding of the influenza antibody response has been derived from studying antibodies that target the hemagglutinin (HA) protein. However, growing evidence points to limitations associated with this approach. In this review, we aim to highlight the issue of antibody non-responsiveness after influenza virus infection and vaccination. We will then provide an overview of the major factors known to influence antibody responsiveness to influenza after infection and vaccination. We discuss the biological factors such as age, sex, influence of prior immunity, genetics, and some chronic infections that may affect the induction of influenza antibody responses. We also discuss the technical factors, such as assay choices, strain variations, and viral properties that may influence the sensitivity of the assays used to measure influenza antibodies. Understanding these factors will hopefully provide a more comprehensive picture of what influenza immunogenicity and protection means, which will be important in our effort to improve influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfengxi Rd, Guangzhou 510182, China; (X.L.); (F.L.); (T.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Fangmei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfengxi Rd, Guangzhou 510182, China; (X.L.); (F.L.); (T.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Tingting Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfengxi Rd, Guangzhou 510182, China; (X.L.); (F.L.); (T.L.); (M.Z.)
| | | | - Mark Zanin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfengxi Rd, Guangzhou 510182, China; (X.L.); (F.L.); (T.L.); (M.Z.)
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sook-San Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfengxi Rd, Guangzhou 510182, China; (X.L.); (F.L.); (T.L.); (M.Z.)
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-178-2584-6078
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14
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Hľasová Z, Pažitná L, Ondrejovič M, Katrlík J. Lectin-based assay for the determination of the inhibition activity of small molecule inhibitors of neuraminidases. J Biotechnol 2020; 325:65-72. [PMID: 33220341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Small molecules inhibitors of neuraminidases (NAs) are ones of the most prospective molecules proposed for the treatment of influenza viruses. The determination of their inhibition activity in vitro is an important step during the development of antiviral drugs. However, the analytical methods typically used for the evaluation of NA activity and inhibition (fluorescence-based assays using MUNANA substrate or thiobarbituric acid assay, TBA) may suffer from interferences caused by tested inhibitors as signal quenching or self-fluorescence, moreover in TBA are used toxic and carcinogenic reagents. The determination of the NA activity can be effectively performed by alternative methods based on lectin - glycan recognition, usually as enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA). We have adapted the ELLA assay to a lectin-based assay in a microplate format with fluorescence detection for determination of NA inhibitory activity. We optimized our protocol and the developed method was tested using four different small molecule NA inhibitors or potential NA inhibitors (DANA, zanamivir, quercetin and α-mangostin) with three bacterial NAs (from Clostridium perfringens, Vibrio cholerae and Arthrobacter ureafaciens), and the IC50 values for NA inhibitors were determined. The inhibition effect of DANA was observed for all 3 tested NAs (IC50 = 10.1 μM for V. cholerae, 13.4 μM for C. perfringens and 402.9 μM for A. ureafaciens, respectively) and of Zanamivir only for NA from V. cholerae (IC50 = 101.9 μM). For both quercetin and α-mangostin, no inhibition effect to the tested NAs was observed. The main advantages of herein described method are good sensitivity due to fluorescent signal detection, the absence of the interference caused by fluorescent signal quenching by tested inhibitors, the use of natural substrates (glycoproteins) and the avoiding the use of toxic reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Hľasová
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences of University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Trnava, Slovakia; Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Pažitná
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Ondrejovič
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences of University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Katrlík
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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15
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Chepkwony S, Parys A, Vandoorn E, Chiers K, Van Reeth K. Efficacy of Heterologous Prime-Boost Vaccination with H3N2 Influenza Viruses in Pre-Immune Individuals: Studies in the Pig Model. Viruses 2020; 12:v12090968. [PMID: 32882956 PMCID: PMC7552030 DOI: 10.3390/v12090968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study in influenza-naïve pigs, heterologous prime-boost vaccination with monovalent, adjuvanted whole inactivated vaccines (WIV) based on the European swine influenza A virus (SwIAV) strain, A/swine/Gent/172/2008 (G08), followed by the US SwIAV strain, A/swine/Pennsylvania/A01076777/2010 (PA10), was shown to induce broadly cross-reactive hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies against 12 out of 15 antigenically distinct H3N2 influenza strains. Here, we used the pig model to examine the efficacy of that particular heterologous prime-boost vaccination regimen, in individuals with pre-existing infection-immunity. Pigs were first inoculated intranasally with the human H3N2 strain, A/Nanchang/933/1995. Seven weeks later, they were vaccinated intramuscularly with G08 followed by PA10 or vice versa. We examined serum antibody responses against the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, and antibody-secreting cell (ASC) responses in peripheral blood, draining lymph nodes, and nasal mucosa (NMC), in ELISPOT assays. Vaccination induced up to 10-fold higher HI antibody titers than in naïve pigs, with broader cross-reactivity, and protection against challenge with an antigenically distant H3N2 strain. It also boosted ASC responses in lymph nodes and NMC. Our results show that intramuscular administration of WIV can lead to enhanced antibody responses and cross-reactivity in pre-immune subjects, and recall of ASC responses in lymph nodes and NMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Chepkwony
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (S.C.); (A.P.); (E.V.)
| | - Anna Parys
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (S.C.); (A.P.); (E.V.)
| | - Elien Vandoorn
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (S.C.); (A.P.); (E.V.)
| | - Koen Chiers
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;
| | - Kristien Van Reeth
- Laboratory of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (S.C.); (A.P.); (E.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-92647369
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16
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Yuan L, Zhao Y, Sun XL. Sialidase substrates for Sialdiase assays - activity, specificity, quantification and inhibition. Glycoconj J 2020; 37:513-531. [PMID: 32813176 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-020-09940-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Sialidases are glycosidases responsible for the removal of sialic acid (Sia) residues (desialylation) from glycan portions of either glycoproteins or glycolipids. By desialylation, sialidases are able to modulate the functionality and stability of the Sia-containing molecules and are involved in both physiological and pathological pathways. Therefore, evaluation of sialidase activity and specificity is important for understanding the biological significance of desialylation by sialidases and its function and the related molecular mechanisms of the physiological and pathological pathways. In addition, it is essential for developing novel mechanisms and approaches for disease treatment and diagnosis and pathogen detection as well. This review summarizes the most recent sialidase substrates for evaluating sialidase activity and specificity and screening sialidase inhibitors, including (i) general sialidase substrates, (ii) specific sialidase substrates, (iii) native sialidase substrates and (iv) cellular sialidase substrates. This review also provides a brief introduction of recent instrumental methods for quantifying the sialidase activity, such as UV, fluorescence, HPLC and LC-MS methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA.,School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA
| | - Xue-Long Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA.
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17
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Powell H, Pekosz A. Neuraminidase antigenic drift of H3N2 clade 3c.2a viruses alters virus replication, enzymatic activity and inhibitory antibody binding. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008411. [PMID: 32598381 PMCID: PMC7351227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the 2014-2015 influenza season a novel neuraminidase (NA) genotype was detected in global human influenza A surveillance. This novel genotype encoded an N-linked glycosylation site at position 245-247 in the NA protein from clade 3c.2a H3N2 viruses. In the years following the 2014-2015 season, this novel NA glycosylation genotype quickly dominated the human H3N2 population of viruses. To assess the effect this novel N-linked glycan has on virus fitness and antibody binding, recombinant viruses with (NA Gly+) or without (NA Gly-) the 245 NA glycan were created. Viruses with the 245 NA Gly+ genotype grew to a significantly lower infectious virus titer on primary, differentiated human nasal epithelial cells (hNEC) compared to viruses with the 245 NA Gly- genotype, but growth was similar on immortalized cells. The 245 NA Gly+ blocked human and rabbit monoclonal antibodies that target the enzymatic site from binding to their epitope. Additionally, viruses with the 245 NA Gly+ genotype had significantly lower enzymatic activity compared to viruses with the 245 NA Gly- genotype. Human monoclonal antibodies that target residues near the 245 NA glycan were less effective at inhibiting NA enzymatic activity and virus replication of viruses encoding an NA Gly+ protein compared to ones encoding NA Gly- protein. Additionally, a recombinant H6N2 virus with the 245 NA Gly+ protein was more resistant to enzymatic inhibition from convalescent serum from H3N2-infected humans compared to viruses with the 245 NA Gly- genotype. Finally, the 245 NA Gly+ protected from NA antibody mediated virus neutralization. These results suggest that while the 245 NA Gly+ decreases virus replication in hNECs and decreases enzymatic activity, the 245 NA glycan blocks the binding of monoclonal and human serum NA specific antibodies that would otherwise inhibit enzymatic activity and virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrison Powell
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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18
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Desheva Y, Smolonogina T, Donina S, Rudenko L. Study of Neuraminidase-Inhibiting Antibodies in Clinical Trials of Live Influenza Vaccines. Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:antib9020020. [PMID: 32485797 PMCID: PMC7344733 DOI: 10.3390/antib9020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Currently, the immunogenicity of influenza vaccines is assessed by detecting an increase of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies. As neuraminidase (NA)-based immunity may be significant in protecting against influenza infection, detection of neuraminidase inhibiting (NI) antibodies may improve the assessment of the immunogenicity of influenza vaccines. Methods: We investigated the immune response to NA in people after immunization with live influenza vaccines (LAIVs). A number of A/H7NX or A/H6NX viruses were used to detect NI antibodies, using an enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA). Results: Seasonal LAIV immunization stimulated an increase in NI antibodies not only to homologous A/H1N1 influenza, but also to A/H1N1pdm09 and A/H5N1 influenza. After A/17/California/09/38 (H1N1) pdm09 LAIV vaccination, there was no statistical relationship between post-vaccinated antibody seroconversion and two surface glycoproteins in serum samples obtained from the same individuals (p = 0.24). Vaccination with LAIV of H5N2, H2N2, H7N3, and H7N9 subtypes led to 7%–29.6% NI antibody seroconversions in the absence of HI antibody conversions. There was relatively low coordination of hemagglutinin (HA) and NA antibody responses (r = 0.24–0.59). Conclusions: The previously noted autonomy for HI and NI immune responses was confirmed when assessing the immunogenicity of LAIVs. Combining the traditional HI test with the detection of NI antibodies can provide a more complete assessment of LAIV immunogenicity.
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19
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Low response in eliciting neuraminidase inhibition activity of sera among recipients of a split, monovalent pandemic influenza vaccine during the 2009 pandemic. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233001. [PMID: 32401814 PMCID: PMC7219752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies against influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) protein prevent releasing of the virus from host cells and spreading of infection foci and are considered the ‘second line of defence’ against influenza. Haemagglutinin inhibition antibody-low responders (HI-LRs) are present among influenza split vaccine recipients. The NA inhibition (NAI) antibody response in vaccinees is worth exploring, especially those in the HI-LRs population. We collected pre- and post-vaccination sera from 61 recipients of an inactivated, monovalent, split vaccine against A/H1N1pdm09 and acute and convalescent sera from 49 unvaccinated patients naturally infected with the A/H1N1pdm09 virus during the 2009 influenza pandemic. All samples were subjected to haemagglutinin inhibition (HI), NAI and neutralisation assays. Most paired sera from naturally infected patients exhibited marked elevation in the NAI activity, and seroconversion rates (SCR) among HI-LRs and HI-responders (HI-Rs) were 60% and 87%, respectively; however, those from vaccinees displayed low increase in the NAI activity, and the SCR among HI-LRs and HI-Rs were 0% and 12%, respectively. In both HI-LRs and HI-Rs, vaccination with the inactivated, monovalent, split vaccine failed to elicit the NAI activity efficiently in the sera of the naive population, compared with the natural infection. Hence, the improvement of influenza vaccines is warranted to elicit not only HI but also NAI antibodies.
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20
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H7N9 influenza split vaccine with SWE oil-in-water adjuvant greatly enhances cross-reactive humoral immunity and protection against severe pneumonia in ferrets. NPJ Vaccines 2020; 5:38. [PMID: 32411401 PMCID: PMC7214439 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-0187-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Until universal influenza vaccines become available, pandemic preparedness should include developing classical vaccines against potential pandemic influenza subtypes. We here show that addition of SWE adjuvant, a squalene-in-water emulsion, to H7N9 split influenza vaccine clearly enhanced functional antibody responses in ferrets. These were cross-reactive against H7N9 strains from different lineages and newly emerged H7N9 variants. Both vaccine formulations protected in almost all cases against severe pneumonia induced by intratracheal infection of ferrets with H7N9 influenza; however, the SWE adjuvant enhanced protection against virus replication and disease. Correlation analysis and curve fitting showed that both VN- and NI-titers were better predictors for protection than HI-titers. Moreover, we show that novel algorithms can assist in better interpretation of large data sets generated in preclinical studies. Cluster analysis showed that the adjuvanted vaccine results in robust immunity and protection, whereas the response to the non-adjuvanted vaccine is heterogeneous, such that the protection balance may be more easily tipped toward severe disease. Finally, cluster analysis indicated that the dose-sparing capacity of the adjuvant is at least a factor six, which greatly increases vaccine availability in a pandemic situation.
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21
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Eichelberger MC, Monto AS. Neuraminidase, the Forgotten Surface Antigen, Emerges as an Influenza Vaccine Target for Broadened Protection. J Infect Dis 2020; 219:S75-S80. [PMID: 30715357 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
For 50 years it has been known that antibodies to neuraminidase (NA) protect against infection during seasonal and pandemic influenza outbreaks. However, NA is largely ignored in the formulation and standardization of our current influenza vaccines. There are a number of factors that contributed to this antigen being forgotten, including the lack of an easily performed test to measure NA antibody. With the availability of that test, it has been possible to show its independent contribution to protection in various situations. The challenge now is to make it possible to include known amounts of NA in investigational vaccines or to routinely measure NA content in licensed vaccines. Vaccines containing optimal amounts of NA may be particularly useful when there are antigenic changes, either drift or shift, in the hemagglutinin because NA immunity offers broad protection. It is now time to remember the NA as we work toward improved influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryna C Eichelberger
- Office of Compliance and Biologics Quality, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Arnold S Monto
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor
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22
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Martinez-Sobrido L, Blanco-Lobo P, Rodriguez L, Fitzgerald T, Zhang H, Nguyen P, Anderson CS, Holden-Wiltse J, Bandyopadhyay S, Nogales A, DeDiego ML, Wasik BR, Miller BL, Henry C, Wilson PC, Sangster MY, Treanor JJ, Topham DJ, Byrd-Leotis L, Steinhauer DA, Cummings RD, Luczo JM, Tompkins SM, Sakamoto K, Jones CA, Steel J, Lowen AC, Danzy S, Tao H, Fink AL, Klein SL, Wohlgemuth N, Fenstermacher KJ, el Najjar F, Pekosz A, Sauer L, Lewis MK, Shaw-Saliba K, Rothman RE, Liu ZY, Chen KF, Parrish CR, Voorhees IEH, Kawaoka Y, Neumann G, Chiba S, Fan S, Hatta M, Kong H, Zhong G, Wang G, Uccellini MB, García-Sastre A, Perez DR, Ferreri LM, Herfst S, Richard M, Fouchier R, Burke D, Pattinson D, Smith DJ, Meliopoulos V, Freiden P, Livingston B, Sharp B, Cherry S, Dib JC, Yang G, Russell CJ, Barman S, Webby RJ, Krauss S, Danner A, Woodard K, Peiris M, Perera RAPM, Chan MCW, Govorkova EA, Marathe BM, Pascua PNQ, Smith G, Li YT, Thomas PG, Schultz-Cherry S. Characterizing Emerging Canine H3 Influenza Viruses. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008409. [PMID: 32287326 PMCID: PMC7182277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The continual emergence of novel influenza A strains from non-human hosts requires constant vigilance and the need for ongoing research to identify strains that may pose a human public health risk. Since 1999, canine H3 influenza A viruses (CIVs) have caused many thousands or millions of respiratory infections in dogs in the United States. While no human infections with CIVs have been reported to date, these viruses could pose a zoonotic risk. In these studies, the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance (CEIRS) network collaboratively demonstrated that CIVs replicated in some primary human cells and transmitted effectively in mammalian models. While people born after 1970 had little or no pre-existing humoral immunity against CIVs, the viruses were sensitive to existing antivirals and we identified a panel of H3 cross-reactive human monoclonal antibodies (hmAbs) that could have prophylactic and/or therapeutic value. Our data predict these CIVs posed a low risk to humans. Importantly, we showed that the CEIRS network could work together to provide basic research information important for characterizing emerging influenza viruses, although there were valuable lessons learned.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Communicable Diseases, Emerging/transmission
- Communicable Diseases, Emerging/veterinary
- Communicable Diseases, Emerging/virology
- Dog Diseases/transmission
- Dog Diseases/virology
- Dogs
- Ferrets
- Guinea Pigs
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/classification
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype/classification
- Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza A virus/classification
- Influenza A virus/genetics
- Influenza A virus/isolation & purification
- Influenza, Human/transmission
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- United States
- Zoonoses/transmission
- Zoonoses/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Martinez-Sobrido
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Pilar Blanco-Lobo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Laura Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Theresa Fitzgerald
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Hanyuan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Phuong Nguyen
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Christopher S. Anderson
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Jeanne Holden-Wiltse
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology and Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Sanjukta Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology and Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Aitor Nogales
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Marta L. DeDiego
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Brian R. Wasik
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Benjamin L. Miller
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Carole Henry
- The Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, The Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Patrick C. Wilson
- The Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, The Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Mark Y. Sangster
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - John J. Treanor
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - David J. Topham
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Lauren Byrd-Leotis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Surgery and Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David A. Steinhauer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Richard D. Cummings
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Surgery and Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jasmina M. Luczo
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Stephen M. Tompkins
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kaori Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Cheryl A. Jones
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - John Steel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Anice C. Lowen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Shamika Danzy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Hui Tao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ashley L. Fink
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sabra L. Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Wohlgemuth
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Katherine J. Fenstermacher
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Farah el Najjar
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lauren Sauer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mitra K. Lewis
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kathryn Shaw-Saliba
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard E. Rothman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Zhen-Ying Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Fu Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Colin R. Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Ian E. H. Voorhees
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Gabriele Neumann
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Shiho Chiba
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Shufang Fan
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Masato Hatta
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Huihui Kong
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Gongxun Zhong
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Guojun Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Melissa B. Uccellini
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Daniel R. Perez
- Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Lucas M. Ferreri
- Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sander Herfst
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mathilde Richard
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron Fouchier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Burke
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David Pattinson
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Derek J. Smith
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Meliopoulos
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Pamela Freiden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Brandi Livingston
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Bridgett Sharp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Sean Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Juan Carlos Dib
- Tropical Health Foundation, Santa Marta, Magdalena, Colombia
| | - Guohua Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Charles J. Russell
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Subrata Barman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Richard J. Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Scott Krauss
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Angela Danner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Karlie Woodard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Malik Peiris
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China
| | - R. A. P. M. Perera
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China
| | - M. C. W. Chan
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China
| | - Elena A. Govorkova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Bindumadhav M. Marathe
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Philippe N. Q. Pascua
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Gavin Smith
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Yao-Tsun Li
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Paul G. Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Stacey Schultz-Cherry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America
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23
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Wong SS, Waite B, Ralston J, Wood T, Reynolds GE, Seeds R, Newbern EC, Thompson MG, Huang QS, Webby RJ. Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase Antibodies Are Induced in an Age- and Subtype-Dependent Manner after Influenza Virus Infection. J Virol 2020; 94:e01385-19. [PMID: 31941786 PMCID: PMC7081922 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01385-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite evidence that antibodies targeting the influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) protein can be protective and are broadly cross-reactive, the immune response to NA during infection is poorly understood compared to the response to hemagglutinin (HA) protein. As such, we compared the antibody profile to HA and NA in two naturally infected human cohorts in Auckland, New Zealand: (i) a serosurvey cohort, consisting of pre- and post-influenza season sera from PCR-confirmed influenza cases (n = 50), and (ii) an immunology cohort, consisting of paired sera collected after PCR-confirmation of infection (n = 94). The induction of both HA and NA antibodies in these cohorts was influenced by age and subtype. Seroconversion to HA was more frequent in those <20 years old (yo) for influenza A (serosurvey, P = 0.01; immunology, P = 0.02) but not influenza B virus infection. Seroconversion to NA was not influenced by age or virus type. Adults ≥20 yo infected with influenza A viruses were more likely to show NA-only seroconversion compared to children (56% versus 14% [5 to 19 yo] and 0% [0 to 4 yo], respectively). Conversely, children infected with influenza B viruses were more likely than adults to show NA-only seroconversion (88% [0 to 4 yo] and 75% [5 to 19 yo] versus 40% [≥20 yo]). These data indicate a potential role for immunological memory in the dynamics of HA and NA antibody responses. A better mechanistic understanding of this phenomenon will be critical for any future vaccines aimed at eliciting NA immunity.IMPORTANCE Data on the immunologic responses to neuraminidase (NA) is lacking compared to what is available on hemagglutinin (HA) responses, despite growing evidence that NA immunity can be protective and broadly cross-reactive. Understanding these NA responses during natural infection is key to exploiting these properties for improving influenza vaccines. Using two community-acquired influenza cohorts, we showed that the induction of both HA and NA antibodies after infection is influenced by age and subtypes. Such response dynamics suggest the influence of immunological memory, and understanding how this process is regulated will be critical to any vaccine effort targeting NA immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook-San Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ben Waite
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Ltd., NCBID–Wallaceville, Wallaceville, New Zealand
| | - Jacqui Ralston
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Ltd., NCBID–Wallaceville, Wallaceville, New Zealand
| | - Tim Wood
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Ltd., NCBID–Wallaceville, Wallaceville, New Zealand
| | - G. Edwin Reynolds
- Immunisation Advisory Centre (IMAC), University Services, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ruth Seeds
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Ltd., NCBID–Wallaceville, Wallaceville, New Zealand
| | - E. Claire Newbern
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Ltd., NCBID–Wallaceville, Wallaceville, New Zealand
| | - Mark G. Thompson
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Q. Sue Huang
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Ltd., NCBID–Wallaceville, Wallaceville, New Zealand
| | - Richard J. Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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24
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Xiong FF, Liu XY, Gao FX, Luo J, Duan P, Tan WS, Chen Z. Protective efficacy of anti-neuraminidase monoclonal antibodies against H7N9 influenza virus infection. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9:78-87. [PMID: 31894728 PMCID: PMC6968527 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1708214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The H7N9 influenza virus has been circulating in China for more than six years. The neuraminidase (NA) has gained great concern for the development of antiviral drugs, therapeutic antibodies, and new vaccines. In this study, we screened seven mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and compared their protective effects against H7N9 influenza virus. The epitope mapping from escape mutants showed that all the seven mAbs could bind to the head region of the N9 NA close to the enzyme activity sites, and four key sites of N9 NA were reported for the first time. The mAbs D3 and 7H2 could simultaneously inhibit the cleavage of the sialic acid of fetuin protein with large molecular weight and NA-XTD with small molecule weight in the NA inhibition experiment, prevent the formation of virus plaque at a low concentration, and effectively protect the mice from the challenge of the lethal dose of H7N9 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Xiong
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-Ying Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei-Xia Gao
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Luo
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Duan
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Song Tan
- East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ze Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Biological Products, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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25
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Chang LJ, Meng Y, Janosczyk H, Landolfi V, Talbot HK. Safety and immunogenicity of high-dose quadrivalent influenza vaccine in adults ≥65 years of age: A phase 3 randomized clinical trial. Vaccine 2019; 37:5825-5834. [PMID: 31431411 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high-dose, split-virion inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine (IIV3-HD; Fluzone® High-Dose, Sanofi Pasteur) is available for adults ≥65 years of age. This study examined the safety and immunogenicity of a quadrivalent high-dose split-virion inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV4-HD). METHODS This was a randomized, modified double-blind, active-controlled, multi-center trial in healthy adults ≥65 years of age. Subjects were randomized in a 4:1:1 ratio to receive a single intramuscular injection of IIV4-HD, the licensed IIV3-HD, or an IIV3-HD containing the alternate B-lineage strain. Hemagglutination inhibition (HAI), seroneutralisation, and anti-neuraminidase antibody titers were measured at baseline and day 28. Solicited reactions were collected for up to 7 days, unsolicited adverse events up to 28 days, and serious adverse events up to 180 days. The primary immunogenicity objective was to demonstrate that IIV4-HD induces HAI geometric mean titers (GMTs) and seroconversion rates that are non-inferior to those induced by IIV3-HD. Secondary objectives were to describe the safety of IIV4-HD and IIV3-HD and to demonstrate that IIV4-HD induces HAI GMTs and seroconversion rates that are superior to those induced by IIV3-HD not containing the same B-lineage strain. RESULTS The study included 2670 adults ≥65 years of age. For all four strains, HAI GMTs and seroconversion rates induced by IIV4-HD were non-inferior to those induced by IIV3-HDs containing the same strains. For both B strains, HAI GMTs and seroconversion rates induced by IIV4-HD were superior to those induced by IIV3-HD not containing the same B-lineage strain. Seroneutralisation and anti-neuraminidase antibody responses, measured in a subset of subjects, were similar. No new safety concerns were identified, and the safety profiles of IIV4-HD and IIV3-HD were similar. CONCLUSIONS Adding a second B strain in IIV4-HD resulted in improved immunogenicity against the added strain without compromising the immunogenicity of the other strains or the vaccine's tolerability. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03282240.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Jah Chang
- Sanofi Pasteur, 1 Discovery Dr, Swiftwater, PA 18370, USA.
| | - Ya Meng
- Sanofi Pasteur, 1 Discovery Dr, Swiftwater, PA 18370, USA
| | | | | | - H Keipp Talbot
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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26
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Karunarathna HMTK, Perera RAPM, Fang VJ, Yen HL, Cowling BJ, Peiris M. Serum anti-neuraminidase antibody responses in human influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infections. Emerg Microbes Infect 2019; 8:404-412. [PMID: 30898033 PMCID: PMC6455630 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1572433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody titres are a correlate of protection for influenza virus infection, but several studies have also demonstrated the protective role of anti-neuraminidase (anti-NA) antibodies. However, there is limited data on anti-NA antibody responses in naturally occurring human influenza. We investigated anti-NA antibody responses to pandemic N1 and seasonal N1 in 18 RT-PCR-confirmed patients with naturally acquired pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 disease detected as part of a prospective community study of influenza. There were increases in neuraminidase inhibition (NAI) antibody titres to both pandemic and seasonal N1 antigens, with greater fold increases in those who had low levels of anti-pandemic N1 titres in acute sera. Of 18 patients with pandemic H1N1 infection, fourfold increases in antibody were observed by HAI in 11 (61%) patients, by anti-pandemic N1 inhibition in 13 (72%) or either in 15 of them (83%). Prior seasonal H1N1 virus infections had elicited cross-reactive anti-pandemic N1 antibody titres in some people prior to the emergence of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus. Antibody responses to the anti-N1 pandemic 2009 virus and cross-reactive responses to anti-seasonal N1 antibody were seen in influenza A pandemic 2009 infections. NAI antibodies can complement HAI antibody in sero-diagnosis and sero-epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herath M T K Karunarathna
- a WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.,b Department of Veterinary Public Health and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science , University of Peradeniya , Peradeniya , Sri Lanka
| | - Ranawaka A P M Perera
- a WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Vicky J Fang
- a WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ling Yen
- a WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Benjamin John Cowling
- a WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Malik Peiris
- a WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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Lai JCC, Karunarathna HMTK, Wong HH, Peiris JSM, Nicholls JM. Neuraminidase activity and specificity of influenza A virus are influenced by haemagglutinin-receptor binding. Emerg Microbes Infect 2019; 8:327-338. [PMID: 30866786 PMCID: PMC6455212 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1581034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Influenza virus haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) are involved in the recognition and modulation of sialic acids on the cell surface as the virus receptor. Although the balance between two proteins functions has been found to be crucial for viral fitness, the interplay between the proteins has not been well established. Herein we present evidence for interplay between influenza HA and NA, which may affect the balance between two glycoprotein functions. NA enzymatic activities against sialoglycans were promoted by the presence of HA, which is in accordance with the level of co-existing HA. Such activity enhancement was lost when the HA-receptor binding properties were abolished by low-pH treatment or by mutations at the HA receptor binding domain. Sialidase activities of NA-containing virus-like particles and native influenza viruses were detected using different NA-assays and sialic acid substrates. Most pronounced HA-mediated NA enhancement was found when intact virions were confronted with multivalent surface-anchored substrates, which mimics the physiological conditions on cell membranes. Using recombinant viruses with altered HA bindings preference between α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids, we also found that NA function against different substrates is correlated with the HA-receptor specificity. The effect of HA-receptor specificities on NA functions, together with the HA-mediated NA enhancement, may play a role in virus evasion of the mucus barrier, as well as in cross-species adaptation. Our data also indicate the importance of using multivalent substrates in future studies of NA functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Chun Cheong Lai
- a Department of Pathology , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR.,b HKU-Pasteur Research Pole , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR
| | - Herath M T K Karunarathna
- c School of Public Health , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR.,d Department of Veterinary Public Health and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science , The University of Peradeniya , Peradeniya , Sri Lanka
| | - Ho Him Wong
- a Department of Pathology , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR.,b HKU-Pasteur Research Pole , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR
| | - Joseph S M Peiris
- b HKU-Pasteur Research Pole , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR.,c School of Public Health , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR
| | - John M Nicholls
- a Department of Pathology , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , Hong Kong SAR
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Mendez-Legaza JM, Ortiz de Lejarazu R, Sanz I. Heterotypic Neuraminidase Antibodies Against Different A(H1N1) Strains are Elicited after Seasonal Influenza Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:E30. [PMID: 30871198 PMCID: PMC6466453 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuraminidase (NA) content is not standardized in current seasonal influenza vaccines; neither anti-NA antibodies (anti-NA Abs) are measured nor is it well-defined as a correlate of humoral protection. In this work, the presence of NA1 antibodies against classical A(H1N1) and A(H1N1) pdm09 subtypes was studied before and after vaccination with seasonal vaccines containing A/California/07/2009 strain (A(H1N1) pdm09 subtype). By Enzyme-Linked Lectin Assay (ELLA; Consortium for the Standardization of Influenza Seroepidemiology), we analyzed serum samples from two different cohorts (adults and elderly). The presence of anti-NA Abs at titers ≥1/40 against classical A(H1N1) and A(H1N1) pdm09 subtypes were frequently found in both age groups, in 81.3% and 96.3% of adults and elderly, respectively. The higher titers of anti-NA Abs (NAI titers) were detected more frequently against classical A(H1N1) strains according to the expected age when the first flu infection takes place. In this way, an Original Antigenic Sin phenomenon related to NA seems to be part of the immune response against flu. Seasonal-vaccination induced homologous seroconversion against NA of A(H1N1) pdm09 subtype in 52.5% and 55.0%, and increased the Geometric Mean Titers (GMTs) in 70.0% and 78.8% of adults and elderly, respectively. Seasonal vaccination also induced a heterotypic anti-NA Abs response against classical A(H1N1) strains (seroconversion at least in 8.8% and 11.3% of adults and elderly, respectively, and an increase in GMTs of at least 28.0% in both age groups). These anti-NA Abs responses occur even though the seasonal vaccine does not contain a standardized amount of NA. This work demonstrates that seasonal vaccines containing the A(H1N1) pdm09 subtype induce a broad antibody response against NA1, that may be a target for future influenza vaccines. Our study is one of the first to analyze the presence of Abs against NA and the response mediated by NAI titers after seasonal influenza vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Manuel Mendez-Legaza
- Microbiology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal s/n, 47005 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Raúl Ortiz de Lejarazu
- Microbiology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal s/n, 47005 Valladolid, Spain.
- Valladolid National Influenza Centre, Avenida Ramón y Cajal s/n, 47005 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Ivan Sanz
- Microbiology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal s/n, 47005 Valladolid, Spain.
- Valladolid National Influenza Centre, Avenida Ramón y Cajal s/n, 47005 Valladolid, Spain.
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Piepenbrink MS, Nogales A, Basu M, Fucile CF, Liesveld JL, Keefer MC, Rosenberg AF, Martinez-Sobrido L, Kobie JJ. Broad and Protective Influenza B Virus Neuraminidase Antibodies in Humans after Vaccination and their Clonal Persistence as Plasma Cells. mBio 2019; 10:e00066-19. [PMID: 30862743 PMCID: PMC6414695 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00066-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although most seasonal inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV) contain neuraminidase (NA), the extent and mechanisms of action of protective human NA-specific humoral responses induced by vaccination are poorly resolved. Due to the propensity of influenza virus for antigenic drift and shift and its tendency to elicit predominantly strain-specific antibodies, humanity remains susceptible to waves of new strains of seasonal viruses and is at risk from viruses with pandemic potential for which limited or no immunity may exist. Here we demonstrate that the use of IIV results in increased levels of influenza B virus (IBV) NA-specific serum antibodies. Detailed analysis of the IBV NA B cell response indicates concurrent expansion of IBV NA-specific peripheral blood plasmablasts 7 days after IIV immunization which express monoclonal antibodies with broad and potent antiviral activity against both IBV Victoria and Yamagata lineages and prophylactic and therapeutic activity in mice. These IBV NA-specific B cell clonal lineages persisted in CD138+ long-lived bone marrow plasma cells. These results represent the first demonstration that IIV-induced NA human antibodies can protect and treat influenza virus infection in vivo and suggest that IIV can induce a subset of IBV NA-specific B cells with broad protective potential, a feature that warrants further study for universal influenza vaccine development.IMPORTANCE Influenza virus infections continue to cause substantial morbidity and mortality despite the availability of seasonal vaccines. The extensive genetic variability in seasonal and potentially pandemic influenza strains necessitates new vaccine strategies that can induce universal protection by focusing the immune response on generating protective antibodies against conserved targets such as regions within the influenza neuraminidase protein. We have demonstrated that seasonal immunization stimulates neuraminidase-specific antibodies in humans that are broad and potent in their protection from influenza B virus when tested in mice. These antibodies further persist in the bone marrow, where they are expressed by long-lived antibody-producing cells, referred to here as plasma cells. The significance in our research is the demonstration that seasonal influenza immunization can induce a subset of neuraminidase-specific B cells with broad protective potential, a process that if further studied and enhanced could aid in the development of a universal influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aitor Nogales
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Madhubanti Basu
- Infectious Diseases Division, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Christopher F Fucile
- Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jane L Liesveld
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Michael C Keefer
- Infectious Diseases Division, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Alexander F Rosenberg
- Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Luis Martinez-Sobrido
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - James J Kobie
- Infectious Diseases Division, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
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30
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Hong JY, Chen TH, Chen YJ, Liu CC, Jan JT, Wu SC. Highly immunogenic influenza virus-like particles containing B-cell-activating factor (BAFF) for multi-subtype vaccine development. Antiviral Res 2019; 164:12-22. [PMID: 30738089 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Virus-like particle (VLP) technology is an attractive platform for the development of seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccines. Influenza VLPs can be obtained by the overexpression of HA, M1, NA, and/or M2 viral proteins in insect, mammalian, or plant cells. In this study, we reported to obtain highly immunogenic influenza VLPs by molecular incorporation with B-cell-activating factor (BAFF) or proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL). Since BAFF and APRIL act as homotrimers to interact with their receptors, we engineered the VLPs by direct fusion of BAFF or APRIL to the transmembrane anchored domain of H5HA gene. Results showed that immunizations with the HA-transmembrane anchored BAFF- or APRIL-VLPs only formulated in alum but not MPL adjuvant elicited significantly higher IgG titers in sera. However, only the BAFF-VLPs formulated in alum adjuvant elicited more broadly neutralizing antibodies against the homologous and two heterologous H5N1 clade/subclade viruses and conferred protective immunity against live virus challenges. As the multi-subtype influenza vaccines containing a variety of HA subtypes can confer broader protective immunity, we also obtained multi-subtype H5H7 BAFF-VLPs and H1H5H7 BAFF-VLPs and demonstrated that these multi-subtype BAFF-VLPs were able to induce the production of neutralizing antibodies against multiple HA subtypes. Our findings provided useful information for the development of highly immunogenic, multi-subtype influenza VLP vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Yu Hong
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsuan Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jou Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chyi Liu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Suh-Chin Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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31
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Hľasová Z, Košík I, Ondrejovič M, Miertuš S, Katrlík J. Methods and Current Trends in Determination of Neuraminidase Activity and Evaluation of Neuraminidase Inhibitors. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2018; 49:350-367. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2018.1531692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Hľasová
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences of University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Ivan Košík
- Cellular Biology Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Miroslav Ondrejovič
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences of University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Stanislav Miertuš
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences of University Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Trnava, Slovakia
- International Centre for Applied Research and Sustainable Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Katrlík
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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32
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Desheva Y, Sychev I, Smolonogina T, Rekstin A, Ilyushina N, Lugovtsev V, Samsonova A, Go A, Lerner A. Anti-neuraminidase antibodies against pandemic A/H1N1 influenza viruses in healthy and influenza-infected individuals. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196771. [PMID: 29742168 PMCID: PMC5942809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objective of the study was to evaluate neuraminidase inhibiting (NI) antibodies against A/H1N1pdm09 influenza viruses in the community as a whole and after infection. We evaluated NI serum antibodies against A/California/07/09(H1N1)pdm and A/South Africa/3626/2013(H1N1)pdm in 134 blood donors of different ages using enzyme-linked lectin assay and in 15 paired sera from convalescents with laboratory confirmed influenza. The neuraminidase (NA) proteins of both A/H1N1pdm09 viruses had minimal genetic divergence, but demonstrated different enzymatic and antigenic properties. 5.2% of individuals had NI antibody titers ≥1:20 against A/South Africa/3626/2013(H1N1)pdm compared to 53% of those who were positive to A/California/07/2009(H1N1)pdm NA. 2% of individuals had detectable NI titers against A/South Africa/3626/13(H1N1)pdm and 47.3% were positive to A/California/07/2009(H1N1)pdm NA among participants negative to hemagglutinin (HA) of A/H1N1pdm09 but positive to seasonal A/H1N1. The lowest NI antibody levels to both A/H1N1pdm09 viruses were detected in individuals born between 1956 and 1968. Our data suggest that NI antibodies against A/South Africa/3626/13 (H1N1)pdm found in the blood donors could have resulted from direct infection with a new antigenic A/H1N1pdm09 variant rather than from cross-reaction as a result of contact with previously circulating seasonal A/H1N1 variants. The immune responses against HA and NA were formed simultaneously right after natural infection with A/H1N1pdm09. NI antibodies correlated with virus-neutralizing antibodies when acquired shortly after influenza infection. A group of middle-aged patients with the lowest level of anti-NA antibodies against A/California/07/2009 (H1N1)pdm was identified, indicating the highest-priority vaccination against A/H1N1pdm09 viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Desheva
- Virology Department, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Department of Fundamental Problems of Medicine and Medical Technologies, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
- * E-mail:
| | - Ivan Sychev
- Virology Department, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana Smolonogina
- Virology Department, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Rekstin
- Virology Department, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia Ilyushina
- Division of Biotechnology Research and Review II, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vladimir Lugovtsev
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anastasia Samsonova
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Aleksey Go
- Clinical and Diagnostic Center, Research Institute of Influenza, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Anna Lerner
- Medical Research Center, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
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Clark AM, DeDiego ML, Anderson CS, Wang J, Yang H, Nogales A, Martinez-Sobrido L, Zand MS, Sangster MY, Topham DJ. Antigenicity of the 2015-2016 seasonal H1N1 human influenza virus HA and NA proteins. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188267. [PMID: 29145498 PMCID: PMC5690631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigenic drift of the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) influenza virus proteins contributes to reduced vaccine efficacy. To analyze antigenic drift in human seasonal H1N1 viruses derived from the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus (pH1N1-like viruses) accounts for the limited effectiveness (around 40%) of vaccination against pH1N1-like viruses during the 2015-2016 season, nasal washes/swabs collected from adult subjects in the Rochester, NY area, were used to sequence and isolate the circulating viruses. The HA and NA proteins from viruses circulating during the 2015-2016 season encoded eighteen and fourteen amino acid differences, respectively, when compared to A/California/04/2009, a strain circulating at the origin of the 2009 pandemic. The circulating strains belonged to subclade 6B.1, defined by HA amino acid substitutions S101N, S179N, and I233T. Hemagglutination-inhibiting (HAI) and HA-specific neutralizing serum antibody (Ab) titers from around 50% of pH1N1-like virus-infected subjects and immune ferrets were 2-4 fold lower for the 2015-2016 circulating strains compared to the vaccine strain. In addition, using a luminex-based mPlex HA assay, the binding of human sera from subjects infected with pH1N1-like viruses to the HA proteins from circulating and vaccine strains was not identical, strongly suggesting antigenic differences in the HA protein. Additionally, NA inhibition (NAI) Ab titers in human sera from pH1N1-like virus-infected subjects increased after the infection and there were measurable antigenic differences between the NA protein of circulating strains and the vaccine strain using both ferret and human antisera. Despite having been vaccinated, infected subjects exhibited low HAI Ab titers against the vaccine and circulating strains. This suggests that poor responses to the H1N1 component of the vaccine as well as antigenic differences in the HA and NA proteins of currently circulating pH1N1-like viruses could be contributing to risk of infection even after vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia M. Clark
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Marta L. DeDiego
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DT); (MD)
| | - Christopher S. Anderson
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Jiong Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Aitor Nogales
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Luis Martinez-Sobrido
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Martin S. Zand
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Mark Y. Sangster
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - David J. Topham
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DT); (MD)
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Kosik I, Yewdell JW. Influenza A virus hemagglutinin specific antibodies interfere with virion neuraminidase activity via two distinct mechanisms. Virology 2016; 500:178-183. [PMID: 27825034 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We studied the ability of monoclonal Abs (mAbs) recognizing the major hemagglutinin (HA) antigenic sites to inhibit neuraminidase (NA) cleavage of sialic acids on fetuin. We show that virion associated-NA activity in the enzyme linked lectin assay (ELLA) is largely dependent on HA-mediated attachment of virions to immobilized fetuin. For a Sb-antigenic site specific mAb, there is a nearly perfect correlation between neuraminidase inhibition and blocking virus attachment to immobilized fetuin. By contrast, Sa-, Ca-, and Cb- antigenic site specific mAbs block NA activity in ELLA or the traditional thiobarbituric acid assay by sterically interfering with NA access to substrate. We conclude first, that ELLA with intact virus can only be used to measure anti-NA Abs if sera lack HA-specific Abs, and second, that anti-HA Abs block NA activity by both limiting virion interaction with sialic acid containing surfaces and by sterically limiting NA access to sialic acids attached to macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kosik
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
| | - Jonathan W Yewdell
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States of America
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35
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Gao J, Couzens L, Eichelberger MC. Measuring Influenza Neuraminidase Inhibition Antibody Titers by Enzyme-linked Lectin Assay. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27684188 PMCID: PMC5091984 DOI: 10.3791/54573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies to neuraminidase (NA), the second most abundant surface protein on influenza virus, contribute toward protection against influenza. Traditional methods to measure NA inhibiting (NI) antibody titers are not practical for routine serology. This protocol describes the enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA), a practical alternative method to measure NI titers that is performed in 96 well plates coated with a large glycoprotein substrate, fetuin. NA cleaves terminal sialic acids from fetuin, exposing the penultimate sugar, galactose. Peanut agglutinin (PNA) is a lectin with specificity for galactose and therefore the extent of desialylation can be quantified using a PNA-horseradish peroxidase conjugate, followed by addition of a chromogenic peroxidase substrate. The optical density that is measured is proportional to NA activity. To measure NI antibody titers, serial dilutions of sera are incubated at 37 °C O/N on fetuin-coated plates with a fixed amount of NA. The reciprocal of the highest serum dilution that results in ≥50% inhibition of NA activity is designated as the NI antibody titer. The ELLA provides a practical format for routine evaluation of human antibody responses following influenza infection or vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gao
- Division of Viral Products, CBER, Food and Drug Administration
| | - Laura Couzens
- Division of Viral Products, CBER, Food and Drug Administration
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36
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Rajão DS, Chen H, Perez DR, Sandbulte MR, Gauger PC, Loving CL, Shanks GD, Vincent A. Vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease is influenced by haemagglutinin and neuraminidase in whole inactivated influenza virus vaccines. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:1489-1499. [DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela S. Rajão
- Virus and Prion Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Hongjun Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, and Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Daniel R. Perez
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, and Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Matthew R. Sandbulte
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Phillip C. Gauger
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Crystal L. Loving
- Virus and Prion Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Amy Vincent
- Virus and Prion Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, USA
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Neuraminidase inhibiting antibody responses in pigs differ between influenza A virus N2 lineages and by vaccine type. Vaccine 2016; 34:3773-9. [PMID: 27325350 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The neuraminidase (NA) protein of influenza A viruses (IAV) has important functional roles in the viral replication cycle. Antibodies specific to NA can reduce viral replication and limit disease severity, but are not routinely measured. We analyzed NA inhibiting (NI) antibody titers in serum and respiratory specimens of pigs vaccinated with intramuscular whole-inactivated virus (WIV), intranasal live-attenuated influenza virus (LAIV), and intranasal wild type (WT) IAV. NI titers were also analyzed in sera from an investigation of piglet vaccination in the presence of passive maternally-derived antibodies. Test antigens contained genetically divergent swine-lineage NA genes homologous or heterologous to the vaccines with mismatched hemagglutinin genes (HA). Naïve piglets responded to WIV and LAIV vaccines and WT infection with strong homologous serum NI titers. Cross-reactivity to heterologous NAs depended on the degree of genetic divergence between the NA genes. Bronchoalveolar lavage specimens of LAIV and WT-immunized groups also had significant NI titers against the homologous antigen whereas the WIV group did not. Piglets of vaccinated sows received high levels of passive NI antibody, but their NI responses to homologous LAIV vaccination were impeded. These data demonstrate the utility of the enzyme-linked lectin assay for efficient NI antibody titration of serum as well as respiratory tract secretions. Swine IAV vaccines that induce robust NI responses are likely to provide broader protection against the diverse and rapidly evolving IAV strains that circulate in pig populations. Mucosal antibodies to NA may be one of the protective immune mechanisms induced by LAIV vaccines.
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de Jonge J, Isakova-Sivak I, van Dijken H, Spijkers S, Mouthaan J, de Jong R, Smolonogina T, Roholl P, Rudenko L. H7N9 Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine Is Highly Immunogenic, Prevents Virus Replication, and Protects Against Severe Bronchopneumonia in Ferrets. Mol Ther 2016; 24:991-1002. [PMID: 26796670 PMCID: PMC4881767 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2016.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses continue to cross the species barrier, and if such viruses become transmissible among humans, it would pose a great threat to public health. Since its emergence in China in 2013, H7N9 has caused considerable morbidity and mortality. In the absence of a universal influenza vaccine, preparedness includes development of subtype-specific vaccines. In this study, we developed and evaluated in ferrets an intranasal live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) against H7N9 based on the A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (H2N2) cold-adapted master donor virus. We demonstrate that the LAIV is attenuated and safe in ferrets and induces high hemagglutination- and neuraminidase-inhibiting and virus-neutralizing titers. The antibodies against hemagglutinin were also cross-reactive with divergent H7 strains. To assess efficacy, we used an intratracheal challenge ferret model in which an acute severe viral pneumonia is induced that closely resembles viral pneumonia observed in severe human cases. A single- and two-dose strategy provided complete protection against severe pneumonia and prevented virus replication. The protective effect of the two-dose strategy appeared better than the single dose only on the microscopic level in the lungs. We observed, however, an increased lymphocytic infiltration after challenge in single-vaccinated animals and hypothesize that this a side effect of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørgen de Jonge
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Irina Isakova-Sivak
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Harry van Dijken
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne Spijkers
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Current address: BioNovion, Oss, the Netherlands
| | - Justin Mouthaan
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Current address: Genmab, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rineke de Jong
- Department of Virology, Central Veterinary Institute of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Tatiana Smolonogina
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Paul Roholl
- Microscope Consultancy, Weesp, the Netherlands
| | - Larisa Rudenko
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Trombetta CM, Montomoli E. Influenza immunology evaluation and correlates of protection: a focus on vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 15:967-76. [PMID: 26954563 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2016.1164046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective method of controlling seasonal influenza infections and preventing possible pandemic events. Although influenza vaccines have been licensed and used for decades, the potential correlates of protection induced by these vaccines are still a matter of discussion. Currently, inactivated vaccines are the most common and the haemagglutination inhibition antibody titer is regarded as an immunological correlate of protection and the best available parameter for predicting protection from influenza infection. However, the assay shows some limitations, such as its low sensitivity to B and avian strains and inter-laboratory variability. Additional assays and next-generation vaccines have been evaluated to overcome the limitations of the traditional serological techniques and to elicit broad immune responses, underlining the need to revise the current correlates of protection. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current scenario regarding the immunological evaluation and correlates of protection of influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emanuele Montomoli
- a Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine , University of Siena , Siena , Italy.,b VisMederi srl , Enterprise of services in Life Sciences , Siena , Italy
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Identification of amino acids in H9N2 influenza virus neuraminidase that are critical for the binding of two mouse monoclonal antibodies. Vet Microbiol 2016; 187:58-63. [PMID: 27066709 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuraminidase (NA) is one of the major glycoproteins on the surface of influenza virus. It cleaves the linkage between haemagglutinin and cell surface receptors, and thus helps the release and spread of influenza virus. Despite the importance of H9N2 virus in influenza pandemic preparedness, the antigenic characteristics of its surface glycoproteins, especially NA, remains to be investigated. In the present study, we characterized two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), 1D1 and 1G8, which are against the NA of an H9N2 virus A/Chicken/Jiangsu/X1/2004 (X1). We examined the inhibitory effect of these mAbs in two NA inhibition assays: enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA) and 2'-(4-methylumbelliferyl)-a-d-N-acetylneuraminic acid (Mu-NANA) assay. In ELLA, which uses a large molecule fetuin (molecular weight: 50kd) as substrate, both antibodies effectively inhibit the NA activity of X1 virus. However, in Mu-NANA assay, which uses the small molecule Mu-NANA (molecular weight: 489 d) as substrate, antibody 1G8 inhibits the NA activity, while antibody 1D1 does not. Three amino acid mutations, at positions 198, 199 and 338, respectively, were detected in the NA of escape mutants of X1 virus selected with the two antibodies. Natural mutations at these three positions have occurred, indicative of immune pressure on H9N2 virus in the field. Our findings lay a basis for detailed investigation on the antigenic structure of H9N2 virus NA, which may be helpful for developing NA-based antibody reagents as well as vaccines.
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Correlates of Protection against Influenza in the Elderly: Results from an Influenza Vaccine Efficacy Trial. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2016; 23:228-35. [PMID: 26762363 PMCID: PMC4783426 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00604-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although a number of studies have investigated and quantified immune correlates of protection against influenza in adults and children, data on immune protection in the elderly are sparse. A recent vaccine efficacy trial comparing standard-dose with high-dose inactivated influenza vaccine in persons 65 years of age and older provided the opportunity to examine the relationship between values of three immunologic assays and protection against community-acquired A/H3N2 influenza illness. The high-dose vaccine induced significantly higher antibody titers than the standard-dose vaccine for all assays. For the hemagglutination inhibition assay, a titer of 40 was found to correspond with 50% protection when the assay virus was antigenically well matched to the circulating virus—the same titer as is generally recognized for 50% protection in younger adults. A dramatically higher titer was required for 50% protection when the assay virus was a poor match to the circulating virus. With the well-matched virus, some protection was seen at the lowest titers; with the poorly matched virus, high levels of protection were not achieved even at the highest titers. Strong associations were also seen between virus neutralization test titers and protection, but reliable estimates for 50% protection were not obtained. An association was seen between titers of an enzyme-linked lectin assay for antineuraminidase N2 antibodies and protection; in particular, the proportion of treatment effect explained by assay titer in models that included both this assay and one of the other assays was consistently higher than in models that included either assay alone. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01427309.)
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Eichelberger MC, Couzens L, Gao Y, Levine M, Katz J, Wagner R, Thompson CI, Höschler K, Laurie K, Bai T, Engelhardt OG, Wood J. Comparability of neuraminidase inhibition antibody titers measured by enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA) for the analysis of influenza vaccine immunogenicity. Vaccine 2015; 34:458-465. [PMID: 26707221 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neuraminidase-inhibition (NI) antibody titers can be used to evaluate the immunogenicity of inactivated influenza vaccines and have provided evidence of serologic cross-reactivity between seasonal and pandemic H1N1 viruses. The traditional thiobarbituric acid assay is impractical for large serologic analyses, and therefore many laboratories use an enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA) to determine serum NI antibody titers. The comparability of ELLA NI antibody titers when measured in different laboratories was unknown. Here we report a study conducted through the Consortium for the Standardisation of Influenza SeroEpidemiology (CONSISE) to evaluate the variability of the ELLA. NI antibody titers of a set of 12 samples were measured against both N1 and N2 neuraminidase antigens in 3 independent assays by each of 23 laboratories. For a sample repeated in the same assay, ≥96% of N1 and N2 assays had less than a 4-fold difference in titer. Comparison of the titers measured in assays conducted on 3 different days in the same laboratory showed that a four-fold difference in titer was uncommon. Titers of the same sera measured in different laboratories spanned 3 to 6 two-fold dilutions (i.e., 8-64 fold difference in titer), with an average percent geometric coefficient of variation (%GCV) of 112 and 82% against N1 and N2 antigens, respectively. The difference in titer as indicated by fold range and %GCV was improved by normalizing the NI titers to a standard that was included in each assay. This study identified background signal and the amount of antigen in the assay as critical factors that influence titer, providing important information toward development of a consensus ELLA protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryna C Eichelberger
- Division of Viral Products, CBER, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Laura Couzens
- Division of Viral Products, CBER, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Yonghong Gao
- BARDA, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Min Levine
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Katz
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Tian Bai
- WHO Collaborating Center, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Othmar G Engelhardt
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, Potters Bar, United Kingdom
| | | | - John Wood
- Formerly National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, United Kingdom
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Abstract
The development of vaccines that could provide broad protection against antigenically variant influenza viruses has long been the ultimate prize in influenza research. Recent developments have pushed us closer to this goal, and such vaccines may now be within reach. This brief review outlines the current approaches to broadly protective vaccines, and the probable hurdles and roadblocks to achieving this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Jay Treanor
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Box 689, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, United States.
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Generation of a reassortant avian influenza virus H5N2 vaccine strain capable of protecting chickens against infection with Egyptian H5N1 and H9N2 viruses. Vaccine 2015; 34:218-224. [PMID: 26620838 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avian influenza H5N1 viruses have been enzootic in Egyptian poultry since 2006. Avian influenza H9N2 viruses which have been circulating in Egyptian poultry since 2011 showed high replication rates in embryonated chicken eggs and mammalian cells. METHODS To investigate which gene segment was responsible for increasing replication, we constructed reassortant influenza viruses using the low pathogenic H1N1 PR8 virus as backbone and included individual genes from A/chicken/Egypt/S4456B/2011(H9N2) virus. Then, we invested this finding to improve a PR8-derived H5N1 influenza vaccine strain by incorporation of the NA segment of H9N2 virus instead of the NA of H5N1. The growth properties of this virus and several other forms of reassortant H5 viruses were compared. Finally, we tested the efficacy of this reassortant vaccine strain in chickens. RESULTS We observed an increase in replication for a reassortant virus expressing the neuraminidase gene (N2) of H9N2 virus relative to that of either parental viruses or reassortant PR8 viruses expressing other genes. Then, we generated an H5N2 vaccine strain based on the H5 from an Egyptian H5N1 virus and the N2 from an Egyptian H9N2 virus on a PR8 backbone. This strain had better replication rates than an H5N2 reassortant strain on an H9N2 backbone and an H5N1 reassortant on a PR8 backbone. This virus was then used to develop a killed, oil-emulsion vaccine and tested for efficacy against H5N1 and H9N2 viruses in chickens. Results showed that this vaccine was immunogenic and reduced mortality and shedding. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that an inactivated PR8-derived H5N2 influenza vaccine is efficacious in poultry against H5N1 and H9N2 viruses and the vaccine seed replicates at a high rate thus improving vaccine production.
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Prospects for broadly protective influenza vaccines. Vaccine 2015; 33 Suppl 4:D39-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Prevato M, Ferlenghi I, Bonci A, Uematsu Y, Anselmi G, Giusti F, Bertholet S, Legay F, Telford JL, Settembre EC, Maione D, Cozzi R. Expression and Characterization of Recombinant, Tetrameric and Enzymatically Active Influenza Neuraminidase for the Setup of an Enzyme-Linked Lectin-Based Assay. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135474. [PMID: 26280677 PMCID: PMC4539205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing a universal influenza vaccine that induces broad spectrum and longer-term immunity has become an important potentially achievable target in influenza vaccine research and development. Hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) are the two major influenza virus antigens. Although antibody responses against influenza virus are mainly directed toward HA, NA is reported to be more genetically stable; hence NA-based vaccines have the potential to be effective for longer time periods. NA-specific immunity has been shown to limit the spread of influenza virus, thus reducing disease symptoms and providing cross-protection against heterosubtypic viruses in mouse challenge experiments. The production of large quantities of highly pure and stable NA could be beneficial for the development of new antivirals, subunit-based vaccines, and novel diagnostic tools. In this study, recombinant NA (rNA) was produced in mammalian cells at high levels from both swine A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) and avian A/turkey/Turkey/01/2005 (H5N1) influenza viruses. Biochemical, structural, and immunological characterizations revealed that the soluble rNAs produced are tetrameric, enzymatically active and immunogenic, and finally they represent good alternatives to conventionally used sources of NA in the Enzyme-Linked Lectin Assay (ELLA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marua Prevato
- Research Center, Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics s.r.l., (a GSK Company), Siena, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ferlenghi
- Research Center, Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics s.r.l., (a GSK Company), Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bonci
- Research Center, Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics s.r.l., (a GSK Company), Siena, Italy
| | - Yasushi Uematsu
- Research Center, Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics s.r.l., (a GSK Company), Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia Anselmi
- Research Center, Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics s.r.l., (a GSK Company), Siena, Italy
| | - Fabiola Giusti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Sylvie Bertholet
- Research Center, Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics s.r.l., (a GSK Company), Siena, Italy
| | - Francois Legay
- Vaccine Research, Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, (a GSK Company), Basel, Switzerland
| | - John Laird Telford
- Research Center, Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics s.r.l., (a GSK Company), Siena, Italy
| | - Ethan C. Settembre
- Vaccine Research, Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics Inc., (a GSK Company), Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Domenico Maione
- Research Center, Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics s.r.l., (a GSK Company), Siena, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Roberta Cozzi
- Research Center, Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics s.r.l., (a GSK Company), Siena, Italy
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Prevato M, Cozzi R, Pezzicoli A, Taddei AR, Ferlenghi I, Nandi A, Montomoli E, Settembre EC, Bertholet S, Bonci A, Legay F. An Innovative Pseudotypes-Based Enzyme-Linked Lectin Assay for the Measurement of Functional Anti-Neuraminidase Antibodies. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135383. [PMID: 26267900 PMCID: PMC4534301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies (Ab) to neuraminidase (NA) play a role in limiting influenza infection and might help reduce the disease impact. The most widely used serological assay to measure functional anti-NA immune responses is the Enzyme-Linked Lectin Assay (ELLA) which relies on hemagglutinin (HA) mismatched virus reassortants, or detergent treated viruses as the NA source to overcome interference associated with steric hindrance of anti-HA Ab present in sera. The difficulty in producing and handling these reagents, which are not easily adapted for screening large numbers of samples, limits the routine analysis of functional anti-NA Ab in clinical trials. In this study, we produced influenza lentiviral pseudoparticles (PPs) containing only the NA antigen (NA-PPs) with a simple two-plasmid co-transfection system. NA-PPs were characterized and tested as an innovative source of NA in the NA inhibition (NI) assay. Both swine A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) and avian A/turkey/Turkey/01/2005 (H5N1) N1s within NA-PPs retained their sialidase activity and were specifically inhibited by homologous and N1 subtype-specific, heterologous sheep sera. Moreover, A/California/07/2009 N1-PPs were a better source of NA compared to whole live and detergent treated H1N1 viruses in ELLA, likely due to lack of interference by anti-HA Ab, and absence of possible structural modifications caused by treatment with detergent. This innovative assay is safer and applicable to all NAs. Taken together, these results highlight the potential of NA-PPs-based NI assays to be developed as sensitive, flexible, easy to handle and scalable serological tests for routine NA immune response analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marua Prevato
- University of Siena, Department of Life Sciences, Via A. Moro, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Roberta Cozzi
- GSK, Research Center, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Anna Rita Taddei
- Section of Electron Microscopy, Great Equipment Center, Tuscia University, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | | | - Avishek Nandi
- GSK, Vaccine Research, Holly Springs, North Carolina, 27540, United States of America
- GSK, Vaccine Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, United States of America
| | - Emanuele Montomoli
- University of Siena, Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Via A. Moro, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Ethan C. Settembre
- GSK, Vaccine Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, United States of America
| | | | | | - Francois Legay
- GSK, Research Center, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100, Siena, Italy
- GSK, Peter Merian Strasse, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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Cross-Reactive Neuraminidase-Inhibiting Antibodies Elicited by Immunization with Recombinant Neuraminidase Proteins of H5N1 and Pandemic H1N1 Influenza A Viruses. J Virol 2015; 89:7224-34. [PMID: 25948745 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00585-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Neuraminidase (NA), an influenza virus envelope glycoprotein, removes sialic acid from receptors for virus release from infected cells. For this study, we used a baculovirus-insect cell expression system to construct and purify recombinant NA (rNA) proteins of H5N1 (A/Vietnam/1203/2004) and pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) (A/Texas/05/2009) influenza viruses. BALB/c mice immunized with these proteins had high titers of NA-specific IgG and NA-inhibiting (NI) antibodies against H5N1, pH1N1, H3N2, and H7N9 viruses. H5N1 rNA immunization resulted in higher quantities of NA-specific antibody-secreting B cells against H5N1 and heterologous pH1N1 viruses in the spleen. H5N1 rNA and pH1N1 rNA immunizations both provided complete protection against homologous virus challenges, with H5N1 rNA immunization providing better protection against pH1N1 virus challenges. Cross-reactive NI antibodies were further dissected via pH1N1 rNA protein immunizations with I149V (NA with a change of Ile to Val at position 149), N344Y, and I365T/S366N NA mutations. The I365T/S366N mutation of pH1N1 rNA enhanced cross-reactive NI antibodies against H5N1, H3N2, and H7N9 viruses. It is our hope that these findings provide useful information for the development of an NA-based universal influenza vaccine. IMPORTANCE Neuraminidase (NA) is an influenza virus enzymatic protein that cleaves sialic acid linkages on infected cell surfaces, thus facilitating viral release and contributing to viral transmission and mucus infection. In currently available inactivated or live, attenuated influenza vaccines based on the antigenic content of hemagglutinin proteins, vaccine efficacy can be contributed partly through NA-elicited immune responses. We investigated the NA immunity of different recombinant NA (rNA) proteins associated with pH1N1 and H5N1 viruses. Our results indicate that H5N1 rNA immunization induced more potent cross-protective immunity than pH1N1 rNA immunization, and three mutated residues, I149V, I365T, and S366N, near the NA enzyme active site(s) are linked to enhanced cross-reactive NA-inhibiting antibodies against heterologous and heterosubtypic influenza A viruses. These findings provide useful information for the development of an NA-based universal influenza vaccine.
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Desheva YA, Smolonogina TA, Donina SA, Rudenko LG. Serum strain-specific or cross-reactive neuraminidase inhibiting antibodies against pandemic А/California/07/2009(H1N1) influenza in healthy volunteers. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:136. [PMID: 25889924 PMCID: PMC4399204 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1086-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-existing antibodies to influenza virus neuraminidase may provide protection against infection influenza viruses containing novel hemagglutinin (HA). The aim of our study was to evaluate serum neuraminidase-inhibiting (NI) antibodies against А/California/07/2009(H1N1) [H1N1/2009pdm] and А/New Caledonia/20/1999(H1N1) [H1N1/1999] influenza viruses in relation with the age of participants and hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody levels. Anti-H1N1/2009pdm neuraminidase and anti-H1N1/1999 neuraminidase antibody levels were measured in total 219 serum samples from Russian healthy peoples of various ages examined before and a year after pandemic strain appearance. We adjusted peroxidase-linked lectin micro-procedure to measure NI antibody titers using the reassortant A/H7N1 influenza viruses based on A/equine/Prague/1/56(H7N7). Also, HI antibody titers were estimated against H1N1/2009pdm, H1N1/1999 and a panel of seasonal A/H1N1 influenza viruses. RESULTS In sera samples collected during the fall of 2010, mean titers of specific HI and NI antibodies to H1N1/2009pdm were 2-2.1 times lower than antibody levels against H1N1/1999. Of the 163 individuals examined, 58 (35.6%) had NI anti-H1N1/2009pdm antibody titers > 1:20, compared to 93 (57.1%) who had NI anti-H1N1/1999 antibody titers > 1:20. There were low correlations between HI and NI antibody levels against either H1N1/1999 or H1N1/2009pdm in the same serum samples. The 24 adults born between 1957 and 1977 expressed very low levels of NI antibodies to A/H1N1 influenza viruses. Persons with low HI anti-H1N1/2009pdm titers but positive to seasonal A/H1N1 demonstrated significantly higher NI anti-A/H1N1 antibody titers than unexposed subjects. In 2005 cross-reactive NI anti-H1N1/2009pdm antibody titers > 1:20 were detected among 7.1% of young people. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed that contact with seasonal influenza viruses may have contributed to generating the cross-reacting anti-H1N1/2009pdm NI antibodies which were detected in the sera of 18-20 years old people examined before the pandemic virus active circulation. The lowest levels of antibodies to the neuraminidase of N1 subtype were in the group of participants born during the circulation of influenza A/H2N2 or A/H3N2 viruses. The low correlation between HI and NI antibody titers suggests that NI antibody detection can be used as an additional test to evaluate the immune response after influenza infections or immunizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia A Desheva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Russian Academy of the Medical Sciences, Acad. Pavlov's Street, 12, Saint Petersburg, 197376, Russian Federation.
| | - Tatiana A Smolonogina
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Russian Academy of the Medical Sciences, Acad. Pavlov's Street, 12, Saint Petersburg, 197376, Russian Federation.
| | - Svetlana A Donina
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Russian Academy of the Medical Sciences, Acad. Pavlov's Street, 12, Saint Petersburg, 197376, Russian Federation.
| | - Larisa G Rudenko
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Russian Academy of the Medical Sciences, Acad. Pavlov's Street, 12, Saint Petersburg, 197376, Russian Federation.
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Guo J, Cao Y, Qin K, Zhao X, Wang D, Li Z, Xin L, Shu Y, Zhou J. Limited effect of recombinant human mannose-binding lectin on the infection of novel influenza A (H7N9) virus in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 458:77-81. [PMID: 25634695 PMCID: PMC7092832 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), a pattern-recognition molecule in serum, recognizes specific hexose sugars rich in mannose and N-acetylglucosamine on bacterium, yeasts, viruses as well as apoptotic cells. It has been well-identified that MBL has antiviral effects via binding to seasonal influenza H1 and H3 subtype viruses. Influenza A (H7N9) virus, a novel reassortant virus to human population, possesses the surface hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes from duck and wild-bird influenza viruses and internal genes from poultry H9N2 viruses. As of Dec 7th, 2014, a total of 467 human infections and 183 fatal cases have been identified. Here, recombinant human (rh) MBL was tested for its binding and effects on hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and NA activity inhibition (NAI) of avian H7N9, H9N2 and human H3N2 viruses. We discovered that rhMBL exhibited a strong binding to H7N9 virus as human H3N2 did at high virus titers. However, it performed a significantly weaker HI activity effect on H7N9 comparing to those of H3N2 and H9N2, even at a much higher concentration (3.67 ± 0.33 vs. 0.026 ± 0.001 and 0.083 ± 0.02 μg/mL, respectively). Similarly, minor NAI effect of rhMBL, even at up to 10 μg/mL, was found on H7N9 virus while it displayed significant effects on both H3N2 and H9N2 at a lowest concentration of 0.0807 ± 0.009 and 0.0625 μg/mL, respectively. The HI and NAI effects of rhMBL were calcium-dependent and mediated by lectin domain. Our findings suggest that MBL, the host innate molecule, has differential interference effects with human and avian influenza virus and limited antiviral effect against H7N9 virus. Comparable binding of rhMBL to avian H7N9 virus as human H3N2 virus. Limited antiviral effect of rhMBL against avian H7N9 virus. Insensitivity of H7N9 virus to rhMBL may confer its infection severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlei Guo
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Yang Cao
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, No.29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Kun Qin
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhao
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Donghong Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Zi Li
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Li Xin
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Yuelong Shu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Jianfang Zhou
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 102206, PR China.
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