1
|
Jiang Y, Liu P, Li H, Fan D, Huang Y, Zhou M, Yang T. A novel theranostic strategy for myocardial infarction through neutralization of endogenous SO 2 using an endoplasmic reticulum-targeted fluorescent probe. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 277:116778. [PMID: 39151274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI), one of the leading causes of death worldwide, urgently needs further understanding of the pathological process and effective therapies. SO2 in endoplasmic reticulum in several cardiovascular diseases has been reported to be particularly important. However, the role of endogenous SO2 in endoplasmic reticulum in treating myocardial infarction is still ambiguous and needs to be elucidated. Herein, we developed TPA-HI-SO2 as the first endoplasmic reticulum-targeting fluorescent agent for specific imaging and detection of sulfur dioxide derivatives both in vitro and in vivo. TPA-HI-SO2 shows a highly sensitive and selective response to SO2 derivatives over other anions in aqueous solution with a satisfactory response time and detection limit. Furthermore, TPA-HI-SO2 decreased the SO2 concentration in H9C2 cells treated with H2O2 and in an MI mouse model. Most importantly, TPA-HI-SO2 protects H9C2 cells from H2O2-induced apoptosis and obviously protects against myocardial infarction in vivo through neutralization of endogenous SO2. Taken together, we developed the first ER-targeting ratiometric fluorescent probe for endogenous SO2 with excellent biocompatibility, high selectivity and sensitivity in this paper. More importantly, we demonstrated an obvious increase of the endogenous SO2 concentration in a myocardial infarction mouse model for the first time, which suggests that neutralization of endogenous SO2 in endoplasmic reticulum could be a promising therapeutic strategy for myocardial infarction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunhan Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, and Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Pingxian Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, and Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Huidong Li
- Research Center for Advanced Computation, School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dongmei Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, and Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yukun Huang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Food Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, and Laboratory of Human Diseases and Immunotherapies, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mohamed I, El Raichani N, Otis AS, Lavoie JC. Parenteral Cysteine Supplementation in Preterm Infants: One Size Does Not Fit All. Biomedicines 2023; 12:63. [PMID: 38255171 PMCID: PMC10813382 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to their gastrointestinal immaturity or the severity of their pathology, many neonates require parenteral nutrition (PN). An amino acid (AA) solution is an important part of PN. Cysteine is a key AA for protein and taurine synthesis, as well as for glutathione synthesis, which is a cornerstone of antioxidant defenses. As cysteine could be synthesized from methionine, it is considered a nonessential AA. However, many studies suggest that cysteine is a conditionally essential AA in preterm infants due to limitations in their capacity for cysteine synthesis from methionine and the immaturity of their cellular cysteine uptake. This critical review discusses the endogenous synthesis of cysteine, its main biological functions and whether cysteine is a conditionally essential AA. The clinical evidence evaluating the effectiveness of the current methods of cysteine supplementation, between 1967 and 2023, is then reviewed. The current understanding of cysteine metabolism is applied to explain why these methods were not proven effective. To respond to the urgent need for changing the current methods of parenteral cysteine supplementation, glutathione addition to PN is presented as an innovative alternative with promising results in an animal model. At the end of this review, future directions for research in this field are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Mohamed
- Department of Pediatrics/Neonatology, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
- Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
| | - Nadine El Raichani
- Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
| | - Anne-Sophie Otis
- Pharmacy, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Lavoie
- Department of Pediatrics/Neonatology, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
- Department of Nutrition, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Enemark JH. Mechanistic complexities of sulfite oxidase: An enzyme with multiple domains, subunits, and cofactors. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 247:112312. [PMID: 37441922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Sulfite oxidase (SO) deficiency, an inherited disease that causes severe neonatal neurological problems and early death, arises from defects in the biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) (general sulfite oxidase deficiency) or from inborn errors in the SUOX gene for SO (isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency, ISOD). The X-ray structure of the highly homologous homonuclear dimeric chicken sulfite oxidase (cSO) provides a template for locating ISOD mutation sites in human sulfite oxidase (hSO). Catalysis occurs within an individual subunit of hSO, but mutations that disrupt the hSO dimer are pathological. The catalytic cycle of SO involves five metal oxidation states (MoVI, MoV, MoIV, FeIII, FeII), two intramolecular electron transfer (IET) steps, and couples a two-electron oxygen atom transfer reaction at the Mo center with two one-electron transfers from the integral b-type heme to exogenous cytochrome c, the physiological oxidant. Several ISOD examples are analyzed using steady-state, stopped-flow, and laser flash photolysis kinetics and physical measurements of recombinant variants of hSO and native cSO. In the structure of cSO, Mo…Fe = 32 Å, much too long for efficient IET through the protein. Interdomain motion that brings the Mo and heme centers closer together to facilitate IET is supported indirectly by decreasing the length of the interdomain tether, by changes in the charges of surface residues of the Mo and heme domains, as well as by preliminary molecular dynamics calculations. However, direct dynamic measurements of interdomain motion are in their infancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John H Enemark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, 1306 East University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721-0041, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Piragine E, Citi V, Lawson K, Calderone V, Martelli A. Regulation of blood pressure by natural sulfur compounds: Focus on their mechanisms of action. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115302. [PMID: 36265595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Natural sulfur compounds are emerging as therapeutic options for the management of hypertension and prehypertension. They are mainly represented by polysulfides from Alliaceae (i.e., garlic) and isothiocyanates from Brassicaceae (or crucifers). The beneficial cardiovascular effects of these compounds, especially garlic polysulfides, are well known and widely reported both in preclinical and clinical studies. However, only a few authors have linked the ability of natural sulfur compounds to induce vasorelaxation and subsequent antihypertensive effects with their ability to release hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in biological tissue. H2S is an endogenous gasotransmitter involved in vascular tone regulation. Some cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, are associated with lower plasma H2S levels. Consequently, exogenous sources of H2S (H2S donors) have been designed and synthesized or identified among secondary plant metabolites as potential therapeutic options. In addition to antioxidant effects due to its chemical properties as a reducing agent, H2S induces vasorelaxation by interacting with a range of molecular targets. The mechanisms of action accounting for H2S-induced vasodilation include opening of vascular potassium channels (such as ATP-sensitive (KATP) and voltage-operated (Kv7) channels), inhibition of 5-phosphodiesterase (5-PDE), and activation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). These effects may be attributed to H2S-induced S-persulfidation (or S-sulfhydration), which is a posttranslational modification of cysteine residues of many types of proteins resulting in structural and functional alterations (activation/inhibition). Thus, H2S donors, such as natural sulfur compounds, are promising antihypertensive agents with novel mechanisms of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Piragine
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Citi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Kim Lawson
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutrafood: Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute", University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center "Biology and Pathology of Ageing", University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutrafood: Nutraceutica e Alimentazione per la Salute", University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center "Biology and Pathology of Ageing", University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Upadhaya SD, Ahn JM, Han K, Yang YM, Wu Z, Kim IH. Inclusion of non-toxic sulfur in the diet positively affects daily growth, serum lipid profile and meat quality in finishing pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
6
|
Chen S, Wang L, Zhou S, He X, Wu Y, Hou S, Ma X. A susceptible multifunctional fluorescent probe based on levulinic acid for the practical detection of SO 2. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:1529-1533. [PMID: 35357378 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00263a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sulfites (HSO3-) are used as preservatives and additives in many foods and medicines. However, a high sulfite concentration can cause asthma attacks and even breathing difficulties. Sulfites can also accumulate from the environment into the body, so it is necessary to develop a probe capable of detecting SO2 in the environment and in organisms. A multifunctional sensor, SO-2, based on levulinic acid was designed and synthesized. SO-2 showed an excellent response to SO2 with a detection limit of 2.0 × 10-8 M and a fast response equilibrium time (within 10 min), which indicated that the probe could detect SO2 with high sensitivity. The probe also successfully traced exogenous bisulfite in cells and was applied to analyze water samples in a natural environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.
| | - Shunchao Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.
| | - Xie He
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.
| | - Shicong Hou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Börner M, Fuhrmann D, Klose J, Krautscheid H, Kersting B. Ethereal Hydroperoxides: Powerful Reagents for S-Oxygenation of Bridging Thiophenolate Functions. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:13517-13527. [PMID: 34415154 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
S-Oxygenation of thiophenolate bridges by ethereal hydroperoxides was studied. [NiII2LS(PhCO2)]+ (1), where LS = macrocyclic aminethiolate supporting ligand, is S-oxygenated readily in a mixed methanol/acetonitrile solution with ether/dioxygen at room temperature in the presence of daylight. The reactions were found to depend strongly on the choice of the ether. Uptake of two O atoms occurs in dioxane to give a mixed thiolate/sulfinate complex [NiII2LSO2(PhCO2)]+ (2) containing the rare five-membered Ni(μ1,1-S)(μ1,2-OS)Ni core. In tetrahydrofuran, four O atoms are taken up by 1 to generate the bis(sulfinate) species [NiII2LSO4(PhCO2)]+ (3). A mono-S-oxygenated sulfenate intermediate can be detected by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The oxygenation reactions proceed in high yields without complex disintegration and invariably provide μ1,2-bridging sulfinates as established by spectroscopy (IR and UV/vis), X-ray crystallography, and accompanying density functional theory calculations. The oxygenation of the S atoms has a strong impact on the electronic structures of the nickel complexes. The monosulfinate complex 2 has an S = 2 ground state resulting from moderate ferromagnetic exchange coupling interactions (J = +15.7 cm-1; H = -2JS1S2), while an antiferromagnetic exchange interaction in 3 shows the presence of a ground state with spin S = 0 (J = -0.56 cm-1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Börner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Oberflächenmodifizierung, Abteilung Funktionale Oberflächen, Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Fuhrmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jennifer Klose
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Harald Krautscheid
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Berthold Kersting
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lee A, Arachchige BJ, Henderson R, Aylward J, McCombe PA. Elevated Levels of Homocysteinesulfinic Acid in the Plasma of Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Potential Source of Excitotoxicity? NEURODEGENER DIS 2021; 20:200-206. [PMID: 34348328 DOI: 10.1159/000517964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Excitotoxicity is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). One possible source of excitotoxicity is the presence of sulphur amino acids (SAAs). In the brain of subjects with ALS, there are increased levels of taurine. In the metabolism of methionine to taurine, excitatory sulphur amino acids (SAAs) are formed. These could potentially contribute to excitotoxicity in ALS. The present study has examined whether plasma levels of SAAs in 38 ALS patients differ from those of 30 healthy controls. METHODS Plasma levels of SAAs were measured by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. RESULTS There were no significant changes in plasma cysteic acid, cysteine sulfinic acid, and homocysteic acid in ALS patients compared to healthy subjects. Significant elevations in plasma homocysteinesulfinic acid (HCSA) levels (p < 0.0001) were observed in the ALS patients (75.91 ± 15.38 nM) compared to healthy controls (54.06 ± 8.503 nM); 50% of the ALS patients had HCSA levels that were 1.5-2-folds higher than those of controls. Plasma levels of HCSA differed significantly (p = 0.0440) between patients with bulbar onset and spinal onset (68.57 ± 14.20 vs. 79.30 ± 14.95 nM, respectively). CONCLUSION HCSA is elevated in the blood of subjects with ALS. Since HCSA can be transported from the blood to the CNS by active transport, has neurotransmitter properties, and can activate synaptic receptors including NMDAR and metabotropic glutamate receptor, it is possible that increases in HCSA could influence glutamatergic neurotransmission and potentially contribute to excitotoxicity in some ALS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aven Lee
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Buddhika Jayakody Arachchige
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert Henderson
- Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - James Aylward
- Wesley Medical Research, The Wesley Hospital, Auchenflower, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pamela Ann McCombe
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Wesley Medical Research, The Wesley Hospital, Auchenflower, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vallée Y, Youssef-Saliba S. Sulfur Amino Acids: From Prebiotic Chemistry to Biology and Vice Versa. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1472-7914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTwo sulfur-containing amino acids are included in the list of the 20 classical protein amino acids. A methionine residue is introduced at the start of the synthesis of all current proteins. Cysteine, thanks to its thiol function, plays an essential role in a very large number of catalytic sites. Here we present what is known about the prebiotic synthesis of these two amino acids and homocysteine, and we discuss their introduction into primitive peptides and more elaborate proteins.1 Introduction2 Sulfur Sources3 Prebiotic Synthesis of Cysteine4 Prebiotic Synthesis of Methionine5 Homocysteine and Its Thiolactone6 Methionine and Cystine in Proteins7 Prebiotic Scenarios Using Sulfur Amino Acids8 Introduction of Cys and Met in the Genetic Code9 Conclusion
Collapse
|
10
|
Verma D, Gupta V. New insights into the structure and function of an emerging drug target CysE. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:373. [PMID: 34367865 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02891-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial resistant strains of several pathogens are major culprits of hospital-acquired nosocomial infections. An active and urgent action is necessary against these pathogens for the development of unique therapeutics. The cysteine biosynthetic pathway or genes (that are absent in humans) involved in the production of L-cysteine appear to be an attractive target for developing novel antibiotics. CysE, a Serine Acetyltransferase (SAT), catalyzes the first step of cysteine synthesis and is reported to be essential for the survival of persistence in several microbes including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Structure determination provides fundamental insight into structure and function of protein and aid in drug design/discovery efforts. This review focuses on the overview of current knowledge of structure function, regulatory mechanism, and potential inhibitors (active site as well as allosteric site) of CysE. Despite having conserved structure, slight modification in CysE structure lead to altered the regulatory mechanism and hence affects the cysteine production. Due to its possible role in virulence and vital metabolism of pathogens makes it a potential target in the quest to develop novel therapeutics to treat multi-drug-resistant bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201309 India
| | - Vibha Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201309 India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kang DY, Sp N, Jo ES, Rugamba A, Kim HD, Kim IH, Park JC, Bae SW, Jang KJ, Yang YM. Non-toxic sulfur inhibits LPS-induced inflammation by regulating TLR-4 and JAK2/STAT3 through IL-6 signaling. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:485. [PMID: 33907855 PMCID: PMC8127030 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and STAT3 signaling is considered a major pathway in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑induced inflammation. Toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR‑4) is an inflammatory response receptor that activates JAK2 during inflammation. STAT3 is a transcription factor for the pro‑inflammatory cytokine IL‑6 in inflammation. Sulfur is an essential element in the amino acids and is required for growth and development. Non‑toxic sulfur (NTS) can be used in livestock feeds as it lacks toxicity. The present study aimed to inhibit LPS‑induced inflammation in C2C12 myoblasts using NTS by regulating TLR‑4 and JAK2/STAT3 signaling via the modulation of IL‑6. The 3‑(4,5‑dimethylthiazol‑2‑yl)‑2,5‑diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was conducted to analyze cell viability and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting performed to measure mRNA and protein expression levels. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assays were used to determine the binding activity of proteins. The results indicated that NTS demonstrated a protective effect against LPS‑induced cell death and inhibited LPS‑induced expression of TLR‑4, JAK2, STAT3 and IL‑6. In addition, NTS inhibited the expression of nuclear phosphorylated‑STAT3 and its binding to the IL‑6 promoter. Therefore, NTS may be a potential candidate drug for the treatment of inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Young Kang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju, North Chungcheong 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Nipin Sp
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju, North Chungcheong 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seong Jo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju, North Chungcheong 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Alexis Rugamba
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju, North Chungcheong 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Do Kim
- Nara Bio Co., Ltd., Gunsan, Jeollabuk-do 54006, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Ho Kim
- Nara Bio Co., Ltd., Gunsan, Jeollabuk-do 54006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Park
- Plant Genome Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Won Bae
- Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Jeju-do 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jin Jang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju, North Chungcheong 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Mok Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju, North Chungcheong 27478, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hydrogen Sulfide (H 2S) and Polysulfide (H 2S n) Signaling: The First 25 Years. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060896. [PMID: 34208749 PMCID: PMC8235506 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the first description of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as a toxic gas in 1713 by Bernardino Ramazzini, most studies on H2S have concentrated on its toxicity. In 1989, Warenycia et al. demonstrated the existence of endogenous H2S in the brain, suggesting that H2S may have physiological roles. In 1996, we demonstrated that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a potential signaling molecule, which can be produced by cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) to modify neurotransmission in the brain. Subsequently, we showed that H2S relaxes vascular smooth muscle in synergy with nitric oxide (NO) and that cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) is another producing enzyme. This study also opened up a new research area of a crosstalk between H2S and NO. The cytoprotective effect, anti-inflammatory activity, energy formation, and oxygen sensing by H2S have been subsequently demonstrated. Two additional pathways for the production of H2S with 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3MST) from l- and d-cysteine have been identified. We also discovered that hydrogen polysulfides (H2Sn, n ≥ 2) are potential signaling molecules produced by 3MST. H2Sn regulate the activity of ion channels and enzymes, as well as even the growth of tumors. S-Sulfuration (S-sulfhydration) proposed by Snyder is the main mechanism for H2S/H2Sn underlying regulation of the activity of target proteins. This mini review focuses on the key findings on H2S/H2Sn signaling during the first 25 years.
Collapse
|
13
|
Identification of amino acid residues important for recognition of O-phospho-l-serine substrates by cysteine synthase. J Biosci Bioeng 2021; 131:483-490. [PMID: 33563496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent cysteine synthases synthesize l-cysteine from their primary substrates, O-acetyl-l-serine (OAS) and O-phospho-l-serine (OPS), and their secondary substrate, sulfide. The mechanism by which cysteine synthases recognize OPS remains unclear; hence, we investigated the OPS recognition mechanism of the OPS sulfhydrylase obtained from Aeropyrum pernix K1 (ApOPSS) and the OAS sulfhydrylase-B obtained from Escherichia coli (EcOASS-B), using protein engineering methods. From the amino acid sequence alignment data, we found that some OPS sulfhydrylases (OPSSs) had a Tyr corresponding to the Phe225 and Phe141 residues in ApOPSS and EcOASS-B, respectively, and that the Tyr residue could facilitate OPS recognition. The enzymatic activity of the ApOPSS F225Y mutant toward OPS decreased compared with that of the wild-type; the kcat value decreased 2.3-fold during cysteine synthesis. X-ray crystallography results of the complex of ApOPSS F225Y and F225Y/R297A mutants bound to OPS and l-cysteine showed that kcat might have decreased because of the stronger interactions of the reaction product phosphate with Tyr225, Thr203, and Arg297, and that of the l-cysteine with Tyr225. The specific activity of the EcOASS-B F141Y mutant toward OPS increased by 50-fold compared with that of the wild-type. Thus, a Tyr within a cysteine synthase corresponding to the Phe225 in ApOPSS and Phe141 in EcOASS-B could act as a key residue for classifying an unknown cysteine synthase as an OPSS. The elucidation of the substrate recognition system of cysteine synthases would enable us to effectively classify cysteine synthases and develop pathogen-specific drug targets, as OPSS is absent in mammalian hosts.
Collapse
|
14
|
GigC, a LysR Family Transcription Regulator, Is Required for Cysteine Metabolism and Virulence in Acinetobacter baumannii. Infect Immun 2020; 89:IAI.00180-20. [PMID: 33077621 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00180-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical facet of mammalian innate immunity involves the hosts' attempts to sequester and/or limit the availability of key metabolic products from pathogens. For example, nutritional immunity encompasses host approaches to limit the availability of key heavy metal ions such as zinc and iron. Previously, we identified several hundred genes in a multidrug-resistant isolate of Acinetobacter baumannii that are required for growth and/or survival in the Galleria mellonella infection model. In the present study, we further characterize one of these genes, a LysR family transcription regulator that we previously named GigC. We show that mutant strains lacking gigC have impaired growth in the absence of the amino acid cysteine and that gigC regulates the expression of several genes involved in the sulfur assimilation and cysteine biosynthetic pathways. We further show that cells harboring a deletion of the gigC gene are attenuated in two murine infection models, suggesting that the GigC protein, likely through its regulation of the cysteine biosynthetic pathway, plays a key role in the virulence of A. baumannii.
Collapse
|
15
|
Dos Santos APA, da Silva JK, Neri JM, Neves ACO, de Lima DF, Menezes FG. Nucleophilicity of cysteine and related biothiols and the development of fluorogenic probes and other applications. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9398-9427. [PMID: 33200155 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01754j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biothiols such as l-cysteine, l-homocysteine, and glutathione play essential roles in many biological processes, and are directly associated with several health conditions. Therefore, the development of fast, selective, sensitive, and inexpensive methods for quantitatively analyzing biothiols in aqueous solution, but especially in biological samples, is a very attractive research field. In this feature review, we have approached the relevance of biothiols' nucleophilicity to develop selective fluorogenic probes. Since biothiols have considerable structural similarity, relevant strategies are in full development, including several fluorescent molecular platforms, specific receptor sites, reaction conditions, and optical responses. All of these features are properly presented and discussed. Biothiol sensing protocols are based on traditional organic chemistry reactions such as (hetero)aromatic nucleophilic substitution, addition, and substitution at carbonyl carbon, conjugate addition, and nucleophilic substitution at saturated carbon, amongst others including combined processes; furthermore, mechanistic aspects are detailed herein, including some interesting historical contexts. The feasibility of related fluorogenic probes is illustrated by analysis in complex matrices such as serum, cells, tissues, and animal models. Applications of these reactions in more complex systems such as sulfhydryl-based peptides and proteins are also presented, aiming at functionalizing and detecting these nucleophiles. Most literature cited in this review is recent; however, some other prominent works are also detailed. It is believed that this review may be accessible for many academic levels and may efficiently contribute not only to popularizing science but also to the rational development of fluorogenic probes for biothiol sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alane P A Dos Santos
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil.
| | - Jordan K da Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil.
| | - Jannyely M Neri
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil.
| | - Ana C O Neves
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil.
| | - Djalan F de Lima
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil.
| | - Fabrício G Menezes
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ji Y, Li Y, Zhao Z, Li P, Xie Y. Hydrogen Sulfide Overproduction Is Involved in Acute Ischemic Cerebral Injury Under Hyperhomocysteinemia. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:582851. [PMID: 33424533 PMCID: PMC7793897 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.582851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to identify the involvement of hydrogen sulfide overproduction in acute brain injury under ischemia/reperfusion and hyperhomocysteinemia. Methods In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to determine: the effect of sodium hydrosulfide treatment on the human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) under conditions of oxygen and glucose deprivation; the changes of hydrogen sulfide levels, inflammatory factors, energetic metabolism, and mitochondrial function in the brain tissue of rats under either ischemia/reperfusion alone or a combination of ischemia/reperfusion and hyperhomocysteinemia; and the potential mechanism underlying the relationship between homocysteine and these changes through the addition of the related inhibitors. Furthermore, experimental technologies, including western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and flow cytometry, were used. Results Our study found that high concentration of sodium hydrosulfide treatment aggravated the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, the increase in both mitochondrial permeability transition pore and translocation of cytochrome C, as well as the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in oxygen and glucose deprived SH-SY5Y cells. As a result, neurological deficit appeared in rats with ischemia/reperfusion or ischemia/reperfusion and hyperhomocysteinemia, and a higher water content and larger infarction size of cerebral tissue appeared in rats combined ischemia/reperfusion and hyperhomocysteinemia. Furthermore, alterations in hydrogen sulfide production, inflammatory factors, and mitochondria morphology and function were more evident under the combined ischemia/reperfusion and hyperhomocysteinemia. These changes were, however, alleviated by the addition of inhibitors for CBS, CSE, Hcy, H2S, and NF-κB, although at different levels. Finally, we observed a negative relationship between the blockage of: (a) the nuclear factor kappa-B pathway and the levels of cystathionine β-synthase and hydrogen sulfide; and (b) the hydrogen sulfide pathway and the levels of inflammatory factors. Conclusion Hydrogen sulfide overproduction and reactive inflammatory response are involved in ischemic cerebral injury under hyperhomocysteinemia. Future studies in this direction are warranted to provide a scientific base for targeted medicine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ji
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zichen Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Panxing Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Francioso A, Baseggio Conrado A, Mosca L, Fontana M. Chemistry and Biochemistry of Sulfur Natural Compounds: Key Intermediates of Metabolism and Redox Biology. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8294158. [PMID: 33062147 PMCID: PMC7545470 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8294158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur contributes significantly to nature chemical diversity and thanks to its particular features allows fundamental biological reactions that no other element allows. Sulfur natural compounds are utilized by all living beings and depending on the function are distributed in the different kingdoms. It is no coincidence that marine organisms are one of the most important sources of sulfur natural products since most of the inorganic sulfur is metabolized in ocean environments where this element is abundant. Terrestrial organisms such as plants and microorganisms are also able to incorporate sulfur in organic molecules to produce primary metabolites (e.g., methionine, cysteine) and more complex unique chemical structures with diverse biological roles. Animals are not able to fix inorganic sulfur into biomolecules and are completely dependent on preformed organic sulfurous compounds to satisfy their sulfur needs. However, some higher species such as humans are able to build new sulfur-containing chemical entities starting especially from plants' organosulfur precursors. Sulfur metabolism in humans is very complicated and plays a central role in redox biochemistry. The chemical properties, the large number of oxidation states, and the versatile reactivity of the oxygen family chalcogens make sulfur ideal for redox biological reactions and electron transfer processes. This review will explore sulfur metabolism related to redox biochemistry and will describe the various classes of sulfur-containing compounds spread all over the natural kingdoms. We will describe the chemistry and the biochemistry of well-known metabolites and also of the unknown and poorly studied sulfur natural products which are still in search for a biological role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Francioso
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, 38296 Tenerife, Spain
| | - Alessia Baseggio Conrado
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luciana Mosca
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Fontana
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ribeiro D, Bandarrinha J, Nanni P, Alves S, Martins C, Bessa R, Falcão-e-Cunha L, Almeida A. The effect of Nannochloropsis oceanica feed inclusion on rabbit muscle proteome. J Proteomics 2020; 222:103783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
19
|
Non‑toxic sulfur enhances growth hormone signaling through the JAK2/STAT5b/IGF‑1 pathway in C2C12 cells. Int J Mol Med 2019; 45:931-938. [PMID: 31894268 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin‑like growth factor‑1 (IGF‑1) regulates cell growth, glucose uptake and protein metabolism, and is required for growth hormone (GH) signaling‑mediated insulin production and secretion. IGF1 expression is associated with STAT5, which binds to a region (TTCNNNGAA) of the gene. Although sulfur is used in various fields, the toxicity of this element is a significant disadvantage as it causes indigestion, vomiting, diarrhea, pain and migraine. Therefore, it is difficult to conduct in vitro experiments to directly determine the effects of dietary sulfur. Additionally, it is difficult to dissolve non‑toxic sulfur (NTS). The present study aimed to identify the role of NTS in GH signaling as a Jak2/STAT5b/IGF‑1 pathway regulator. MTT assay was used to identify an optimum NTS concentration for C2C12 mouse muscle cells. Western blotting, RT‑PCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation, overexpression and small interfering RNA analyses were performed. NTS was dissolved in 1 mg/ml DMSO and could be used in vitro. Therefore, the present study determined whether NTS induced mouse muscle cell growth via GH signaling. NTS notably increased STAT5b binding to the Igf1 promoter. NTS also promoted GH signaling by upregulating GH receptor expression, similar to GH treatment. NTS enhanced GH signaling by regulating Jak2/STAT5b/IGF‑1 signaling pathway factor expression in C2C12 mouse muscle cells. Thus, NTS may be used as a GH‑enhancing growth stimulator.
Collapse
|
20
|
Yang B, Xu J, Zhu HL. Recent progress in the small-molecule fluorescent probes for the detection of sulfur dioxide derivatives (HSO 3-/SO 32-). Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 145:42-60. [PMID: 31525454 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) had been recognized as an environmental pollutant produced from industrial processes. SO2 is water soluble and forms hydrated SO2 (SO2·H2O), bisulfite ion (HSO3-), and sulfite ion (SO32-) upon dissolution in water. SO2 could be also produced endogenously from sulfur-containing amino acids l-cysteine in mammals. Endogenous SO2 can maintain the balance of biological sulfur and redox equilibrium in vivo, regulate blood insulin levels and reduce blood pressure. Excess intake of exogenous SO2 can result in respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases and neurological disorders. As a result, fluorescent probes to detect HSO3-/SO32- have attracted great attention in recent years. Herein, a general overview was provided with the aim to highlight the typical examples of the HSO3-/SO32- fluorescent probes reported since 2010, especially those in the past five years. We have classified HSO3-/SO32- fluorescent probes through different chemical reaction mechanisms and wish this review will give some help to the researchers in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jiayu Y, Botta A, Simtchouk S, Winkler J, Renaud LM, Dadlani H, Rasmussen B, Elango R, Ghosh S. Egg white consumption increases GSH and lowers oxidative damage in 110-week-old geriatric mice hearts. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 76:108252. [PMID: 31816560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The number of geriatrics with an advanced age is rising worldwide, with attendant cardiovascular disorders, characterized by elevated oxidative stress. Such oxidative stress is accelerated by an age-related loss of critical antioxidants like glutathione (GSH) and dietary solutions to combat this loss does not exist. While egg white is rich in sulphur amino acids (AAs), precursors for GSH biosynthesis, whether they can increase sulphur AA in vivo and augment GSH in the aged myocardium remain unclear. We hypothesized that egg white consumption increases GSH and reduces oxidative damage and inflammation in the geriatric heart. To this end, 101-102 week-old mice were given a AIN 76A diet supplemented with either 9% w/w egg white powder or casein for 8 weeks. Subsequent analysis revealed that egg white increased serum sulphur AA and cardiac GSH, while reducing the cysteine carrying transporter SNAT-2 and elevating glutamine transporter ASCT2 in the heart. Increased GSH was accompanied by elevated expression of GSH biosynthesis enzyme glutathione synthase as well as mitochondrial antioxidants like superoxide dismutase 2 and glutathione peroxidase 1 in egg white-fed hearts. These hearts also demonstrated lower oxidative damage of lipids (4-hydroxynonenal) and proteins [nitrotyrosine] with elevated anti-inflammatory IL-10 gene expression. These data demonstrate that even at the end of lifespan, egg whites remain effective in promoting serum sulphur AAs and preserve cardiac GSH with potent anti-oxidant and mild anti-inflammatory effects in the geriatric myocardium. We conclude that egg white intake may be an effective dietary strategy to attenuate oxidative damage in the senescent heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Jiayu
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Canada
| | - Amy Botta
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Canada
| | - Svetlana Simtchouk
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Canada
| | - John Winkler
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Canada
| | - Lisa M Renaud
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Canada
| | - Hansika Dadlani
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Canada
| | - Betina Rasmussen
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Rajavel Elango
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sanjoy Ghosh
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Feng G, Du Y. Intramolecular Charge Transfer (ICT) Based Two-photon Fluorescent Probe for Bisulfite with Bioimaging Applications. ANAL LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2019.1636258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangfu Feng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth and Development, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanchun Du
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Maiti BK, Maia LB, Moura I, Moura JJG. Ni II -ATCUN-Catalyzed Tyrosine Nitration in the Presence of Nitrite and Sulfite. Chemistry 2019; 25:4309-4314. [PMID: 30715753 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The nitration of tyrosine residues in proteins represents a specific footprint of the formation of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in vivo. Here, the fusion product of orange protein (ATCUN-ORP) was used as an in vitro model system containing an amino terminal Cu(II)- and Ni(II)-binding motif (ATCUN) tag at the N-terminus and a native tyrosine residue in the metal-cofactor-binding region for the formation of 3-NO2 -Tyr (3-NT). It is shown that NiII -ATCUN unusually performs nitration of tyrosine at physiological pH in the presence of the NO2 - /SO3 2- /O2 system, which is revealed by a characteristic absorbance band at 430 nm in basic medium and 350 nm in acidic medium (fingerprint of 3-NT). Kinetics studies showed that the formation of 3-NT depends on sulfite concentration over nitrite concentration suggesting key intermediate products, identified as oxysulfur radicals, which are detected by spin-trap EPR study by using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO). This study describes a new route in the formation of 3-NT, which is proposed to be linked with the sulfur metabolism pathway associated with the progression of disease occurrence in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biplab K Maiti
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (FCT NOVA), Campus de Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Luisa B Maia
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (FCT NOVA), Campus de Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Isabel Moura
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (FCT NOVA), Campus de Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - José J G Moura
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (FCT NOVA), Campus de Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang Y, Liu L, Zhou XL, Wu MY. Lysosome-Targeted Single Fluorescence Probe for Two-Channel Imaging Intracellular SO₂ and Biothiols. Molecules 2019; 24:E618. [PMID: 30754613 PMCID: PMC6384543 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As the members of reactive sulfur species, SO₂ and biothiols play a significant role in physiological and pathological processes and directly influence numerous diseases. Furthermore, SO₂ and biothiols can provide a reductive environment for lysosomes to carry out their optimal functionality. To this end, the development of single fluorescent probes for imaging SO₂ and biothiols from different emission channels is highly desirable for understanding their physiological nature. Here, a lysosome-targeted fluorescent probe (BPO-DNSP) with a dual reaction site for SO₂ and biothiols was presented. BPO-DNSP can sensitively and selectively respond to SO₂ in the green channel with a large Stokes shift over 105 nm, and to biothiols in the near-infrared emission channel with a large Stokes shift over 109 nm. The emission shift for the two channels was as high as 170 nm. Colocalization experiments verified that BPO-DNSP can selectively enrich lysosomes. Notably, BPO-DNSP can not only be used to image intracellular SO₂ and biothiols from two different channels, but also to monitor the conversion of biothiols to SO₂ without adding exogenous enzymes in living HeLa cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Li Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Xian-Li Zhou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Ming-Yu Wu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Verma D, Antil M, Gupta V. Recombinant production of active Streptococcus pneumoniae CysE in E. coli facilitated by codon optimized BL21(DE3)-RIL and detergent. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 49:368-374. [PMID: 30734630 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2019.1573194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of drug resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) is a global health threat and necessitates discovery of novel therapeutics. The serine acetyltransferase (also known as CysE) is an enzyme of cysteine biosynthesis pathway and is reported to be essential for the survival of several pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, it appears to be a very attractive target for structure-function understanding and inhibitor design. This study describes the molecular cloning of cysE from Spn in the pET21c vector and efforts carried out for expression and purification of active recombinant CysE. Significant expression of recombinant Spn cysE could be achieved in codon optimized BL21(DE3)-RIL strain as opposed to conventional BL21(DE3) strain. Analysis of codon adaptation index (CAI) with levels of eukaryotic genes and prokaryotic cysEs expressed in heterologous E. coli host suggests that codon optimized E. coli BL21(DE3)-RIL may be a better host for expressing genes with low CAI. Here, an efficient protocol has been developed for recovery of recombinant Spn CysE in soluble and biologically active form by the usage of nonionic detergent Triton X-100 at a concentration as low as 1%. Altogether, this study reports a simple strategy for producing functionally active Spn CysE in E. coli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Verma
- a Department of Biotechnology , Jaypee Institute of Information Technology , Noida , India
| | - Monika Antil
- a Department of Biotechnology , Jaypee Institute of Information Technology , Noida , India
| | - Vibha Gupta
- a Department of Biotechnology , Jaypee Institute of Information Technology , Noida , India
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Genetic Mutations in the S-loop of Human Glutathione Synthetase: Links Between Substrate Binding, Active Site Structure and Allostery. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2018; 17:31-38. [PMID: 30581542 PMCID: PMC6297838 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The second step in the biosynthesis of the cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) is catalyzed by human glutathione synthetase (hGS), a negatively cooperative homodimer. Patients with mutations in hGS have been reported to exhibit a range of symptoms from hemolytic anemia and metabolic acidosis to neurological disorders and premature death. Several patient mutations occur in the S-loop of hGS, a series of residues near the negatively cooperative γ-GC substrate binding site. Experimental point mutations and molecular dynamic simulations show the S-loop not only binds γ-GC through a salt bridge and multiple hydrogen bonds, but the residues also modulate allosteric communication in hGS. By elucidating the role of S-loop residues in active site structure, substrate binding, and allostery, the atomic level sequence of events that leads to the detrimental effects of hGS mutations in patients are more fully understood.
Collapse
Key Words
- DSC, differential scanning calorimetry
- Eint, average energy of interaction.
- GSH, glutathione
- IPTG, isopropyl-1-thio-β-galactopyranoside
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- MD, molecular dynamics
- PEP, phosphoenolpyruvic acid
- PK, pyruvate kinase
- Td, denaturation temperature midpoint
- WT, wild-type
- hGS, human glutathione synthetase
- γ-GC, γ-glutamylcysteine
- γ-GluABA, L-γ-glutamyl-L-α-aminobutyrate
Collapse
|
27
|
Lozoya OA, Martinez-Reyes I, Wang T, Grenet D, Bushel P, Li J, Chandel N, Woychik RP, Santos JH. Mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced (NADH) oxidation links the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle with methionine metabolism and nuclear DNA methylation. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2005707. [PMID: 29668680 PMCID: PMC5927466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2005707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial function affects many aspects of cellular physiology, and, most recently, its role in epigenetics has been reported. Mechanistically, how mitochondrial function alters DNA methylation patterns in the nucleus remains ill defined. Using a cell culture model of induced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion, in this study we show that progressive mitochondrial dysfunction leads to an early transcriptional and metabolic program centered on the metabolism of various amino acids, including those involved in the methionine cycle. We find that this program also increases DNA methylation, which occurs primarily in the genes that are differentially expressed. Maintenance of mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced (NADH) oxidation in the context of mtDNA loss rescues methionine salvage and polyamine synthesis and prevents changes in DNA methylation and gene expression but does not affect serine/folate metabolism or transsulfuration. This work provides a novel mechanistic link between mitochondrial function and epigenetic regulation of gene expression that involves polyamine and methionine metabolism responding to changes in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Given the implications of these findings, future studies across different physiological contexts and in vivo are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oswaldo A. Lozoya
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Inmaculada Martinez-Reyes
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Tianyuan Wang
- Integrative Bioinformatics Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Dagoberto Grenet
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Pierre Bushel
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jianying Li
- Integrative Bioinformatics Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Navdeep Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Richard P. Woychik
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JHS); (RPW)
| | - Janine H. Santos
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JHS); (RPW)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wu MY, Wu J, Wang Y, Liu YH, Yu XQ. A Novel Colorimetric Fluorescent Probe for SO₂ and Its Application in Living Cells Imaging. Molecules 2018; 23:E871. [PMID: 29642650 PMCID: PMC6017954 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel chromenylium-based fluorescent probe was exploited for sulphur dioxide (SO₂) detecting. The probe displayed a remarkable fluorescence turn-on response towards SO₂ based on the nucleophilic addition reaction to the carbon-carbon double bond with 105 nm Stock shift. The probe was successfully applied for the quantification of SO₂.The linear detection range was from 0-160 μM with the detection limit as low as 99.27 nM. It also exhibited high selectivity for SO₂ than other reactive species and amino acids. Furthermore, cell staining experiments indicated that the probe was cell membrane permeable and could be used for high-performance imaging of SO₂ in living cells. The superior properties of the probe made it highly promising for use in chemical and biological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yu Wu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Yan-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Xiao-Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zandkarimi F, Vanegas J, Fern X, Maier CS, Bobe G. Metabotypes with elevated protein and lipid catabolism and inflammation precede clinical mastitis in prepartal transition dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:5531-5548. [PMID: 29573799 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Clinical mastitis (CM), the most prevalent and costly disease in dairy cows, is diagnosed most commonly shortly after calving. Current indicators do not satisfactorily predict CM. This study aimed to develop a robust and comprehensive mass spectrometry-based metabolomic and lipidomic workflow using untargeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry for predictive biomarker detection. Using a nested case-control design, we measured weekly during the prepartal transition period differences in serum metabolites, lipids, inflammation markers, and minerals between clinically healthy Holstein dairy cows diagnosed with mastitis postcalving (CMP; n = 8; CM diagnosis d 1 = 3 cows, d 2 = 2 cows, d 4 = 1 cow; d 25 = 1 cow, and d 43 = 1 cow that had subclinical mastitis since d 3) or not (control; n = 9). The largest fold differences between CMP and control cows during the prepartal transition period were observed for 3'-sialyllactose in serum. Seven metabolites (N-methylethanolamine phosphate, choline, phosphorylcholine, free carnitine, trimethyl lysine, tyrosine, and proline) and 3 metabolite groups (carnitines, AA metabolites, and water-soluble phospholipid metabolites) could correctly classify cows for their future CM status at both 21 and 14 d before calving. Biochemical analysis using lipid and metabolite-specific commercial diagnostic kits supported our mass spectrometry-based omics results and additionally showed elevated inflammatory markers (serum amyloid A and visfatin) in CMP cows. In conclusion, metabolic phenotypes (i.e., metabotype) with elevated protein and lipid metabolism and inflammation may precede CM in prepartal transition dairy cows. The discovered serum metabolites and lipids may assist in predictive diagnostics, prevention strategies, and early treatment intervention against CM, and thereby improve cow health and welfare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Zandkarimi
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - J Vanegas
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - X Fern
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - C S Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331; Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - G Bobe
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331; Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Burini RC, Borges-Santos MD, Moreto F, Yu YM. Comparative effects of acute-methionine loading on the plasma sulfur-amino acids in NAC-supplemented HIV+ patients and healthy controls. Amino Acids 2018; 50:569-576. [PMID: 29392418 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2538-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an acute overloading of methionine (MetLo) was used to investigate the trassulfuration pathway response comparing healthy controls and HIV+ patients under their usual diet and dietary N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) supplementation. MetLo (0.1 g Met/kg mass weight) was given after overnight fasting to 20 non-HIV+ control subjects (Co) and 12 HIV+ HAART-treated patients. Blood samples were taken before and after the MetLo in two different 7-day dietary situations, with NAC (1 g/day) or with their usual diet (UD). The amino acids (Met, Hcy, Cys, Tau, Ser, Glu and Gln) and GSH were determined by HPLC and their inflow rate into circulation (plasma) was estimated by the area under the curve (AUC). Under UD, the HIV+ had lower plasma GSH and amino acids (excepting Hcy) and higher oxidative stress (GSSG/GSH ratio), similar remethylation (RM: Me/Hcy + Ser ratio), transmethylation (TM; Hcy/Met ratio) and glutaminogenesis (Glu/Gln ratio), lower transsulfuration (TS: Cys/Hcy + Ser ratio) and Cys/Met ratio and, higher synthetic rates of glutathione (GG: GSH/Cys ratio) and Tau (TG: Tau/Cys ratio). NAC supplementation changed the HIV pattern by increasing RM above control, normalizing plasma Met and TS and, increasing plasma GSH and GG above controls. However, plasma Cys was kept always below controls probably, associatively to its higher consumption in GG (more GSSG than GSH) and TG. The failure of restoring normal Cys by MetLo, in addition to NAC, in HIV+ patients seems to be related to increased flux of Cys into GSH and Tau pathways, probably strengthening the cell-antioxidant capacity against the HIV progression (registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov , NCT00910442).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Carlos Burini
- Department of Public Health, Center for Nutritional and Physical Exercise Metabolism, School of Medicine, UNESP-Sao Paulo State University, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Maria Doroteia Borges-Santos
- Department of Public Health, Center for Nutritional and Physical Exercise Metabolism, School of Medicine, UNESP-Sao Paulo State University, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Moreto
- Department of Public Health, Center for Nutritional and Physical Exercise Metabolism, School of Medicine, UNESP-Sao Paulo State University, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yong- Ming Yu
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Shriners Burns Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Verma D, Gupta S, Kaur KJ, Gupta V. Is perturbation in the quaternary structure of bacterial CysE, another regulatory mechanism for cysteine synthesis? Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 111:1010-1018. [PMID: 29366889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance to almost all antibiotics of Shigella flexneri, a major cause of shigellosis in developing countries, necessitates continuous discovery of novel therapeutics. This study reports a structure-function analysis of a potential drug target serine acetyltransferase (CysE), an enzyme of de novo cysteine biosynthesis pathway that is absent in humans. Analysis of CysE sequences of S. flexneri species and serotypes displayed only two variants that differed by a single amino acid substitution at position 241. Structural inspection of the available crystal structure disclosed this site to be distinct from the substrate/cofactor binding pockets or dimer/trimer interfaces. This study discovers that V241 variant of S. flexneri CysE has nearly null enzymatic activity. The observation is explained by molecular dynamic studies which reveal that the disorder generated by A241V substitution is the basis of dissociation of the quaternary assembly of S. flexneri CysE leading to loss of enzymatic activity and stability. The study provides the first evidence that position 241 of CysE, affects the catalytic efficiency of enzyme and suggests this locus as a 'hot spot' for the propagation of conformational changes. It may be postulated that transient quaternary structure of CysE maybe another mechanism for regulating the intracellular level of cysteine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida 201309, India
| | - Sunita Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida 201309, India
| | - Kanwal J Kaur
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Vibha Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida 201309, India.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Nichenametla SN, Mattocks DAL, Malloy VL, Pinto JT. Sulfur amino acid restriction-induced changes in redox-sensitive proteins are associated with slow protein synthesis rates. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1418:80-94. [PMID: 29377163 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying life span extension by sulfur amino acid restriction (SAAR) are unclear. Cysteine and methionine are essential for the biosynthesis of proteins and glutathione (GSH), a major redox buffer in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We hypothesized that SAAR alters protein synthesis by modulating the redox milieu. Male F344-rats were fed control (CD: 0.86% methionine without cysteine) and SAAR diets (0.17% methionine without cysteine) for 12 weeks. Growth rates, food intake, cysteine and GSH levels, proteins associated with redox status and translation, and fractional protein synthesis rates (FSRs) were determined in liver. Despite a 40% higher food intake, growth rates for SAAR rats were 27% of those fed CD. Hepatic free cysteine in SAAR rats was 55% compared with CD rats. SAAR altered tissue distribution of GSH, as hepatic and erythrocytic levels were 56% and 196% of those in CD rats. Lower GSH levels did not induce ER stress (i.e., unchanged expression of Xbp1s , Chop, and Grp78), but activated PERK and its substrates eIF2-α and NRF2. SAAR-induced changes in translation-initiation machinery (higher p-eIF2-α and 4E-BP1, and lower eIF4G-1) resulted in slower protein synthesis rates (53% of CD). Proteins involved in the antioxidant response (NRF2, KEAP1, GCLM, and NQO1) and protein folding (PDI and ERO1-α) were increased in SAAR. Lower FSR and efficient protein folding might be improving proteostasis in SAAR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Virginia L Malloy
- Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science, Cold Spring, New York
| | - John T Pinto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wu MY, Wang Y, Liu YH, Yu XQ. Dual-site lysosome-targeted fluorescent probe for separate detection of endogenous biothiols and SO2 in living cells. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:4232-4238. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01152d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel lysosome-targeted fluorescent probe was developed for the separate detection of endogenous biothiols and SO2 in living cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yu Wu
- School of Life Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610031
- China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu 610031
- China
| | - Yan-Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Xiao-Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wang ZY, Liu YY, Liu GH, Lu HB, Mao CY. l-Carnitine and heart disease. Life Sci 2017; 194:88-97. [PMID: 29241711 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a key cause of deaths worldwide, comprising 15-17% of healthcare expenditure in developed countries. Current records estimate an annual global average of 30 million cardiac dysfunction cases, with a predicted escalation by two-three folds for the next 20-30years. Although β-blockers and angiotensin-converting-enzymes are commonly prescribed to control CVD risk, hepatotoxicity and hematological changes are frequent adverse events associated with these drugs. Search for alternatives identified endogenous cofactor l-carnitine, which is capable of promoting mitochondrial β-oxidation towards a balanced cardiac energy metabolism. l-Carnitine facilitates transport of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix, triggering cardioprotective effects through reduced oxidative stress, inflammation and necrosis of cardiac myocytes. Additionally, l-carnitine regulates calcium influx, endothelial integrity, intracellular enzyme release and membrane phospholipid content for sustained cellular homeostasis. Carnitine depletion, characterized by reduced expression of "organic cation transporter-2" gene, is a metabolic and autosomal recessive disorder that also frequently associates with CVD. Hence, exogenous carnitine administration through dietary and intravenous routes serves as a suitable protective strategy against ventricular dysfunction, ischemia-reperfusion injury, cardiac arrhythmia and toxic myocardial injury that prominently mark CVD. Additionally, carnitine reduces hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperglycemia, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, obesity, etc. that enhance cardiovascular pathology. These favorable effects of l-carnitine have been evident in infants, juvenile, young, adult and aged patients of sudden and chronic heart failure as well. This review describes the mechanism of action, metabolism and pharmacokinetics of l-carnitine. It specifically emphasizes upon the beneficial role of l-carnitine in cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Ying-Yi Liu
- Department of Anesthesia, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Guo-Hui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Hai-Bin Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Cui-Ying Mao
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Nair SV, Sharma V, Sharma A, Nakade UP, Jaitley P, Mathesh K, Choudhury S, Garg SK. The functional and molecular studies on involvement of hydrogen sulphide in myometrial activity of non-pregnant buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:379. [PMID: 29207994 PMCID: PMC5717829 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1288-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hydrogen sulphide (H2S), a member of the gasotransmitters family, is known to play patho-physiological role in different body systems including during pregnancy. But its involvement in myometrial spontaneity and associated signalling pathways in uterus in non-pregnant animals is yet to be studied. Present study describes the effect of L-cysteine, an endogenous H2S donor, on isolated myometrial strips of non-pregnant buffaloes and the underlying signaling mechanism(s). Results L-cysteine (10 nM-30 mM) produced concentration-dependent contractile effect on buffalo myometrium which was extracellular Ca2+ and L-type calcium channels-dependent. Significant rightward shift of dose-response curve of L-cysteine was observed with significant decrease in maxima in the presence of amino-oxyacetic acid (AOAA; 100 μM) and d, l-propargylglycine (PAG; 100 μM), the specific blockers of cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), respectively. Existence of CBS enzyme of 63 kDa and CSE of 45 kDa molecular weights was confirmed by western blot using specific antibodies and also by immunohistochemistry. Conclusions Endogenous H2S along with its biosynthetic enzymes (CBS and CSE) is evidently present in uteri of non-pregnant buffaloes and it regulates spontaneity in uteri of non-pregnant buffaloes and this effect is dependent on extracellular Ca2+ influx through nifedipine-sensitive L-type calcium channels. Thus H2S-signalling pathway may be a potential target to alter the uterine activities in physiology and patho-physiolgical states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sooraj V Nair
- Experimental and Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India
| | - Vipin Sharma
- Experimental and Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- Experimental and Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India
| | - Udayraj P Nakade
- Experimental and Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India
| | - Pooja Jaitley
- Experimental and Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India
| | - Karikalan Mathesh
- Centre for Wildlife Conservation Management and Disease Surveillance, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, U.P, 243 122, India
| | - Soumen Choudhury
- Experimental and Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India
| | - Satish Kumar Garg
- Experimental and Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, 281001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Teicher C, De Col R, Messlinger K. Hydrogen Sulfide Mediating both Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects in a Rat Model of Meningeal Nociception and Headache Generation. Front Neurol 2017; 8:336. [PMID: 28769868 PMCID: PMC5509793 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a neuromodulator acting through nitroxyl (HNO) when it reacts with nitric oxide (NO). HNO activates transient receptor potential channels of the ankyrin type 1 (TRPA1) causing release of calcitonin gene-related peptide from primary afferents. Activation of meningeal nociceptors projecting to the human spinal trigeminal nucleus (STN) may lead to headaches. In a rat model of meningeal nociception, the activity of spinal trigeminal neurons was used as read-out for the interaction between H2S and NO. Methods In anesthetized rats extracellular recordings from single neurons in the STN were made. Sodium sulfide (Na2S) producing H2S in the tissue and the NO donor diethylamine-NONOate (DEA-NONOate) were infused intravenously. H2S was also locally applied onto the exposed cranial dura mater or the medulla. Endogenous production of H2S was inhibited by oxamic acid, and NO production was inhibited by nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (l-NAME) to manipulate endogenous HNO formation. Key results Systemic administration of Na2S was followed either by increased ongoing activity (in 73%) or decreased activity (in 27% of units). Topical application of Na2S onto the cranial dura mater caused a short-lasting activation followed by a long-lasting decrease in activity in the majority of units (70%). Systemic administration of DEA-NONOate increased neuronal activity, subsequent infusion of Na2S added to this effect, whereas DEA-NONOate did not augment the activity after Na2S. The stimulating effect of DEA-NONOate was inhibited by oxamic acid in 75% of units, and l-NAME following Na2S administration returned the activity to baseline. Conclusion Individual spinal trigeminal neurons may be activated or (less frequently) inhibited by the TRPA1 agonist HNO, presumably formed by H2S and NO in the STN, whereby endogenous H2S production seems to be rate-limiting. Activation of meningeal afferents by HNO may induce decreased spinal trigeminal activity, consistent with the elevation of the electrical threshold caused by TRPA1 activation in afferent fibers. Thus, the effects of H2S–NO–TRPA1 signaling depend on the site of action and the type of central neurons. The role of H2S–NO–TRPA1 in headache generation seems to be ambiguous.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Teicher
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roberto De Col
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl Messlinger
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Maia LB, Moura I, Moura JJ. EPR Spectroscopy on Mononuclear Molybdenum-Containing Enzymes. FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN METALLOPROTEIN AND METALLOENZYME RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-59100-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
38
|
An archaeal ADP-dependent serine kinase involved in cysteine biosynthesis and serine metabolism. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13446. [PMID: 27857065 PMCID: PMC5120207 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Routes for cysteine biosynthesis are still unknown in many archaea. Here we find that the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis generates cysteine from serine via O-phosphoserine, in addition to the classical route from 3-phosphoglycerate. The protein responsible for serine phosphorylation is encoded by TK0378, annotated as a chromosome partitioning protein ParB. The TK0378 protein utilizes ADP as the phosphate donor, but in contrast to previously reported ADP-dependent kinases, recognizes a non-sugar substrate. Activity is specific towards free serine, and not observed with threonine, homoserine and serine residues within a peptide. Genetic analyses suggest that TK0378 is involved in serine assimilation and clearly responsible for cysteine biosynthesis from serine. TK0378 homologs, present in Thermococcales and Desulfurococcales, are most likely not ParB proteins and constitute a group of kinases involved in serine utilization. Archaea metabolism has unique adaptations to hostile environments. Here Makino et al. describe an unusual ADP-dependent kinase that phosphorylates free serine to O-phosphoserine and participates in an additional cysteine biosynthetic pathway in the archaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis.
Collapse
|
39
|
Fujii T, Yamamoto K, Banno Y. Molybdenum cofactor deficiency causes translucent integument, male-biased lethality, and flaccid paralysis in the silkworm Bombyx mori. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 73:20-26. [PMID: 27041280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Uric acid accumulates in the epidermis of Bombyx mori larvae and renders the larval integument opaque and white. Yamamoto translucent (oya) is a novel spontaneous mutant with a translucent larval integument and unique phenotypic characteristics, such as male-biased lethality and flaccid larval paralysis. Xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) that requires a molybdenum cofactor (MoCo) for its activity is a key enzyme for uric acid synthesis. It has been observed that injection of a bovine xanthine oxidase, which corresponds functionally to XDH and contains its own MoCo activity, changes the integuments of oya mutants from translucent to opaque and white. This finding suggests that XDH/MoCo activity might be defective in oya mutants. Our linkage analysis identified an association between the oya locus and chromosome 23. Because XDH is not linked to chromosome 23 in B. mori, MoCo appears to be defective in oya mutants. In eukaryotes, MoCo is synthesized by a conserved biosynthesis pathway governed by four loci (MOCS1, MOCS2, MOCS3, and GEPH). Through a candidate gene approach followed by sequence analysis, a 6-bp deletion was detected in an exon of the B. mori molybdenum cofactor synthesis-step 1 gene (BmMOCS1) in the oya strain. Moreover, recombination was not observed between the oya and BmMOCS1 loci. These results indicate that the BmMOCS1 locus is responsible for the oya locus. Finally, we discuss the potential cause of male-biased lethality and flaccid paralysis observed in the oya mutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuguru Fujii
- Laboratory of Silkworm Genetic Resources, Institute of Genetic Resources, Graduate School of Bio Resources and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Kimiko Yamamoto
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba 305-8634, Japan
| | - Yutaka Banno
- Laboratory of Silkworm Genetic Resources, Institute of Genetic Resources, Graduate School of Bio Resources and Bioenvironmental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tavares CDJ, Sharabi K, Dominy JE, Lee Y, Isasa M, Orozco JM, Jedrychowski MP, Kamenecka TM, Griffin PR, Gygi SP, Puigserver P. The Methionine Transamination Pathway Controls Hepatic Glucose Metabolism through Regulation of the GCN5 Acetyltransferase and the PGC-1α Transcriptional Coactivator. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:10635-45. [PMID: 27022023 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.706200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Methionine is an essential sulfur amino acid that is engaged in key cellular functions such as protein synthesis and is a precursor for critical metabolites involved in maintaining cellular homeostasis. In mammals, in response to nutrient conditions, the liver plays a significant role in regulating methionine concentrations by altering its flux through the transmethylation, transsulfuration, and transamination metabolic pathways. A comprehensive understanding of how hepatic methionine metabolism intersects with other regulatory nutrient signaling and transcriptional events is, however, lacking. Here, we show that methionine and derived-sulfur metabolites in the transamination pathway activate the GCN5 acetyltransferase promoting acetylation of the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α to control hepatic gluconeogenesis. Methionine was the only essential amino acid that rapidly induced PGC-1α acetylation through activating the GCN5 acetyltransferase. Experiments employing metabolic pathway intermediates revealed that methionine transamination, and not the transmethylation or transsulfuration pathways, contributed to methionine-induced PGC-1α acetylation. Moreover, aminooxyacetic acid, a transaminase inhibitor, was able to potently suppress PGC-1α acetylation stimulated by methionine, which was accompanied by predicted alterations in PGC-1α-mediated gluconeogenic gene expression and glucose production in primary murine hepatocytes. Methionine administration in mice likewise induced hepatic PGC-1α acetylation, suppressed the gluconeogenic gene program, and lowered glycemia, indicating that a similar phenomenon occurs in vivo These results highlight a communication between methionine metabolism and PGC-1α-mediated hepatic gluconeogenesis, suggesting that influencing methionine metabolic flux has the potential to be therapeutically exploited for diabetes treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clint D J Tavares
- From the Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 and
| | - Kfir Sharabi
- From the Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 and
| | - John E Dominy
- From the Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 and
| | - Yoonjin Lee
- From the Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 and
| | - Marta Isasa
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 and
| | - Jose M Orozco
- From the Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 and
| | - Mark P Jedrychowski
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 and
| | - Theodore M Kamenecka
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Patrick R Griffin
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 and
| | - Pere Puigserver
- From the Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 and
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Velayutham M, Hemann CF, Cardounel AJ, Zweier JL. Sulfite Oxidase Activity of Cytochrome c: Role of Hydrogen Peroxide. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 5:96-104. [PMID: 26709389 PMCID: PMC4689149 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2015.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, sulfite is generated endogenously by the metabolism of sulfur containing amino acids such as methionine and cysteine. Sulfite is also formed from exposure to sulfur dioxide, one of the major environmental pollutants. Sulfite is used as an antioxidant and preservative in dried fruits, vegetables, and beverages such as wine. Sulfite is also used as a stabilizer in many drugs. Sulfite toxicity has been associated with allergic reactions characterized by sulfite sensitivity, asthma, and anaphylactic shock. Sulfite is also toxic to neurons and cardiovascular cells. Recent studies suggest that the cytotoxicity of sulfite is mediated by free radicals; however, molecular mechanisms involved in sulfite toxicity are not fully understood. Cytochrome c (cyt c) is known to participate in mitochondrial respiration and has antioxidant and peroxidase activities. Studies were performed to understand the related mechanism of oxidation of sulfite and radical generation by ferric cytochrome c (Fe3+cyt c) in the absence and presence of H2O2. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin trapping studies using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) were performed with sulfite, Fe3+cyt c, and H2O2. An EPR spectrum corresponding to the sulfite radical adducts of DMPO (DMPO-SO3-) was obtained. The amount of DMPO-SO3- formed from the oxidation of sulfite by the Fe3+cyt c increased with sulfite concentration. In addition, the amount of DMPO-SO3- formed by the peroxidase activity of Fe3+cyt c also increased with sulfite and H2O2 concentration. From these results, we propose a mechanism in which the Fe3+cyt c and its peroxidase activity oxidizes sulfite to sulfite radical. Our results suggest that Fe3+cyt c could have a novel role in the deleterious effects of sulfite in biological systems due to increased production of sulfite radical. It also shows that the increased production of sulfite radical may be responsible for neurotoxicity and some of the injuries which occur to humans born with molybdenum cofactor and sulfite oxidase deficiencies. Cytochrome c oxidizes sulfite to sulfite radical. In the presence of H2O2, sulfite radical generation from cyt c increases. The formation of sulfite radical is sulfite concentration dependent. This mechanism of sulfite radical formation may be important in sulfite toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murugesan Velayutham
- Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210 ; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
| | - Craig F Hemann
- Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Arturo J Cardounel
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15219
| | - Jay L Zweier
- Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ables GP, Hens JR, Nichenametla SN. Methionine restriction beyond life-span extension. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1363:68-79. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gene P. Ables
- Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science; Cold Spring New York
| | - Julie R. Hens
- Orentreich Foundation for the Advancement of Science; Cold Spring New York
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
You GR, Lee SY, Lee JJ, Kim YS, Kim C. Sequential detection of mercury(ii) and thiol-containing amino acids by a fluorescent chemosensor. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25138a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A selective fluorescent chemosensor1was developed for the sequential detection of Hg2+and cysteine or glutathione.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ga Rim You
- Department of Fine Chemistry and Department of Interdisciplinary Bio IT Materials
- Seoul National University of Science and Technology
- Seoul 139-743
- Korea
| | - Sun Young Lee
- Department of Fine Chemistry and Department of Interdisciplinary Bio IT Materials
- Seoul National University of Science and Technology
- Seoul 139-743
- Korea
| | - Jae Jun Lee
- Department of Fine Chemistry and Department of Interdisciplinary Bio IT Materials
- Seoul National University of Science and Technology
- Seoul 139-743
- Korea
| | - Yong Sung Kim
- Department of Fine Chemistry and Department of Interdisciplinary Bio IT Materials
- Seoul National University of Science and Technology
- Seoul 139-743
- Korea
| | - Cheal Kim
- Department of Fine Chemistry and Department of Interdisciplinary Bio IT Materials
- Seoul National University of Science and Technology
- Seoul 139-743
- Korea
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Strilakou A, Perelas A, Lazaris A, Papavdi A, Karkalousos P, Giannopoulou I, Kriebardis A, Panayiotides I, Liapi C. Immunohistochemical determination of the extracellular matrix modulation in a rat model of choline-deprived myocardium: the effects of carnitine. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2015; 30:47-57. [PMID: 26501493 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Choline has been identified as an essential nutrient with crucial role in many vital biological functions. Recent studies have demonstrated that heart dysfunction can develop in the setting of choline deprivation even in the absence of underlying heart disease. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are responsible for extracellular matrix degradation, and the dysregulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 has been involved in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular disorders. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of MMPs and their inhibitors (TIMPs), in the pathogenesis of choline deficiency-induced cardiomyopathy, and the way they are affected by carnitine supplementation. Male Wistar Albino adult rats were divided into four groups and received standard or choline-deficient diet with or without L-carnitine in drinking water (0.15% w/v) for 1 month. Heart tissue immunohistochemistry for MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 was performed. Choline deficiency was associated with suppressed immunohistochemical expression of MMP-2 and an increased expression of TIMP-2 compared to control, while it had no impact on TIMP-1. MMP-9 expression was decreased without, however, reaching statistical significance. Carnitine did not affect MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 or TIMP-2 expression. The pattern of TIMP and MMP modulation observed in a choline deficiency setting appears to promote fibrosis. Carnitine, although shown to suppress fibrosis, does not seem to affect MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 or TIMP-2 expression. Further studies will be required to identify the mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of carnitine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athina Strilakou
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos Perelas
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Lazaris
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Asteria Papavdi
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Karkalousos
- Department of Medical Laboratories, Technological Institute of Athens, Agiou Spyridonos and Dimitsanas Street, Egaleo, 12210, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Giannopoulou
- 1st Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Kriebardis
- Department of Medical Laboratories, Technological Institute of Athens, Agiou Spyridonos and Dimitsanas Street, Egaleo, 12210, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Panayiotides
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon Hospital, 1Rimini Street, Chaidari, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Charis Liapi
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
|
46
|
Lin VS, Chen W, Xian M, Chang CJ. Chemical probes for molecular imaging and detection of hydrogen sulfide and reactive sulfur species in biological systems. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:4596-4618. [PMID: 25474627 PMCID: PMC4456340 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00298a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 705] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gaseous species produced by both bacteria and higher eukaryotic organisms, including mammalian vertebrates, has attracted attention in recent years for its contributions to human health and disease. H2S has been proposed as a cytoprotectant and gasotransmitter in many tissue types, including mediating vascular tone in blood vessels as well as neuromodulation in the brain. The molecular mechanisms dictating how H2S affects cellular signaling and other physiological events remain insufficiently understood. Furthermore, the involvement of H2S in metal-binding interactions and formation of related RSS such as sulfane sulfur may contribute to other distinct signaling pathways. Owing to its widespread biological roles and unique chemical properties, H2S is an appealing target for chemical biology approaches to elucidate its production, trafficking, and downstream function. In this context, reaction-based fluorescent probes offer a versatile set of screening tools to visualize H2S pools in living systems. Three main strategies used in molecular probe development for H2S detection include azide and nitro group reduction, nucleophilic attack, and CuS precipitation. Each of these approaches exploits the strong nucleophilicity and reducing potency of H2S to achieve selectivity over other biothiols. In addition, a variety of methods have been developed for the detection of other reactive sulfur species (RSS), including sulfite and bisulfite, as well as sulfane sulfur species and related modifications such as S-nitrosothiols. Access to this growing chemical toolbox of new molecular probes for H2S and related RSS sets the stage for applying these developing technologies to probe reactive sulfur biology in living systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian S Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Ming Xian
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Christopher J Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sun HZ, Yu KH, Ai HB. Role of hydrogen sulfide within the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus in the control of gastric function in rats. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27:618-26. [PMID: 25773343 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) is a gaseous messenger and serves as an important neuromodulator in the central nervous system. This study aimed to clarify the role of H2 S within the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) in the control of gastric function in rats. METHODS Cystathionine β-synthetase (CBS) is an important generator of endogenous H2 S in the brain. We investigated the distribution of CBS in the DMV using immunohistochemical method, and the effects of H2 S on gastric motility and on gastric acid secretion. KEY RESULTS CBS-immunoreactive (IR) neurons were detected in the rostral, intermediate and caudal DMV, with the highest number of CBS-IR neurons in the caudal DMV, and the lowest in the intermediate DMV. We also found that microinjection of the exogenous H2 S donor NaHS (0.04 and 0.08 mol/L; 0.1 μL; n = 6; p < 0.05) into the DMV significantly inhibited gastric motility with a dose-dependent trend, and promoted gastric acid secretion in Wistar rats. Microinjection of the same volume of physiological saline (PS; 0.1 μL, n = 6, p > 0.05) at the same location did not noticeably change gastric motility and acid secretion. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES The data from these experiments suggest that the CBS that produces H2 S is present in the DMV, and microinjection of NaHS into the DMV inhibited gastric motility and enhanced gastric acid secretion in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H-Z Sun
- College of Life Science, Qi Lu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Nitrite reduction by molybdoenzymes: a new class of nitric oxide-forming nitrite reductases. J Biol Inorg Chem 2015; 20:403-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-014-1234-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
49
|
Kappler U, Enemark JH. Sulfite-oxidizing enzymes. J Biol Inorg Chem 2014; 20:253-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-014-1197-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
50
|
Sulfur dioxide inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation via suppressing the Erk/MAP kinase pathway mediated by cAMP/PKA signaling. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1251. [PMID: 24853429 PMCID: PMC4047873 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the role of endogenous sulfur dioxide (SO2) in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, and explore the possible role of cross-talk between cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in this action. By cell counting, growth curve depict, flow cytometry and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling assays, we found that SO2 inhibited VSMC proliferation by preventing cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase and by reducing DNA synthesis. SO2 synthase aspartate aminotransferase (AAT1 and AAT2) overexpression significantly inhibited serum-induced proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein expression in VSMCs, demonstrated by western blot analysis. Moreover, overexpression of AAT1 or AAT2 markedly reduced incorporation of BrdU in serum-treated VSMCs. By contrast, either AAT1 or AAT2 knockdown significantly exacerbated serum-stimulated VSMC proliferation. Thus, both exogenous- and endogenous-derived SO2 suppressed serum-induced VSMC proliferation. However, annexin V-propidium iodide (PI) staining and cell cycle analysis demonstrated that SO2 did not influence VSMC apoptosis in the serum-induced proliferation model. In a platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-stimulated VSMC proliferation model, SO2 dephosphorylated the active sites of Erk1/2, MAPK kinase 1/2 and RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase (c-Raf) induced by PDGF-BB. However, the inactivation of the three kinases of the Erk/MAPK pathway was not due to the separate interferences on them by SO2 simultaneously, but a consequence of the influence on the upstream activity of the c-Raf molecule. Hence, we examined the cAMP/PKA pathway, which could inhibit Erk/MAPK transduction in VSMCs. The results showed that SO2 could stimulate the cAMP/PKA pathway to block c-Raf activation, whereas the Ser259 site on c-Raf had an important role in SO2-induced suppression of Erk/MAPK pathway. The present study firstly demonstrated that SO2 exerted a negative regulation of VSMC proliferation via suppressing the Erk/MAPK pathway mediated by cAMP/PKA signaling.
Collapse
|