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Černý J, Krishnan N, Hejníková M, Štěrbová H, Kodrík D. Modulation of response to braconid wasp venom by adipokinetic hormone in Drosophila melanogaster. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 285:110005. [PMID: 39154974 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
The minute wasp Habrobracon hebetor venom (HH venom) is a potent cocktail of toxins that paralyzes the victim's muscles and suppresses humoral and cellular immunity. This study examined the effect of HH venom on specific biochemical, physiological, and ultrastructural characteristics of the thoracic and nervous (CNS) tissues of Drosophila melanogaster under in vitro conditions. Venom treatment modulated the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), endogenous Drome-AKH level, and affected the relative viability of the cells. Additionally, it reduced the expression of genes related to the immune system in the CNS, including Keap1, Relish, Nox, Eiger, Gadd45, and Domeless, as well as in the thoracic muscles, except for Nox. Besides, venom treatment led to deteriorative changes in the ultrastructure of muscle cells, particularly affecting the mitochondria. When venom and Drosophila melanogaster-adipokinetic hormone (Drome-AKH) were applied together, the effects of the venom alone were often modulated. The harmful effect of the venom on SOD activity was relatively reduced and the activity returned to a level similar to that of the control. In the CNS, the simultaneous application of venom and hormones abolished the suppression of previously reported immune-related genes (except for Gadd45), whereas in the muscles, this was only true for Eiger. Additionally, Drome-AKH restored cell structure to a level comparable to that of the control and lessened the harmful effects of HH venom on muscle mitochondria. These findings suggest a general body response of D. melanogaster to HH venom and a partial defensive role of Drome-AKH in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Černý
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, CAS, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Natraj Krishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, USA
| | - Markéta Hejníková
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, CAS, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Štěrbová
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, CAS, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Kodrík
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, CAS, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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2
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Sánchez-Mendoza LM, Pérez-Sánchez C, García-Caballero C, Pérez-Rodríguez M, Calero-Rodríguez P, Vellón-García B, Moreno JA, Burón MI, de Cabo R, González-Reyes JA, Villalba JM. CYB5R3 overexpression exhibits sexual dimorphism: Mitochondrial and metabolic adaptations in transgenic female mice during calorie restriction. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 223:69-86. [PMID: 39069267 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
There is a pressing need to develop new strategies for enhancing health in the elderly and preventing the rise in age-related diseases. Calorie restriction without malnutrition (CR) stands among the different antiaging interventions. Lifelong CR leads to increased expression and activity of plasma membrane CYB5R3, and male mice overexpressing CYB5R3 exhibit some beneficial adaptations that are also seen with CR. However, the mechanisms involved in both interventions could be independent since key aspects of energy metabolism and tissue lipid profile do not coincide, and many of the changes induced by CR in mitochondrial abundance and dynamics in the liver and skeletal muscle could be counteracted by CYB5R3 overexpression. In this study, we sought to elucidate the impact of CR on key markers of metabolic status, mitochondrial function, and pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance in transgenic (TG) female mice overexpressing CYB5R3 compared to their WT littermates. In females fed ad libitum, CYB5R3 overexpression decreased fat mass, led to a preferred utilization of fatty acids as an energy source, upregulated key antioxidant enzymes, and boosted respiration both in skeletal muscle and liver mitochondria, supporting that CYB5R3 overexpression is phenotypic closer to CR in females than in males. Whereas some markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics were found decreased in TG females on CR, as also found for the levels of Estrogen Receptor α, mitochondrial abundance and activity were maintained both in skeletal muscle and in liver. Our results reveal overlapping metabolic adaptations resulting from the overexpression of CYB5R3 and CR in females, but a specific crosstalk occurs when both interventions are combined, differing from the adaptations observed in TG males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Marina Sánchez-Mendoza
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Carlos Pérez-Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain; Rheumatology Service, Reina Sofia Hospital/ Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Cristina García-Caballero
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Miguel Pérez-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Pilar Calero-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Vellón-García
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain; Rheumatology Service, Reina Sofia Hospital/ Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Juan Antonio Moreno
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain; Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - M Isabel Burón
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - José A González-Reyes
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - José M Villalba
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain.
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3
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Frans P, Mkabayi L, Pletschke BI, Frost CL. The effects of Cannabis sativa and cannabinoids on the inhibition of pancreatic lipase - An enzyme involved in obesity. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 179:117357. [PMID: 39232382 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a chronic noncommunicable disease characterized by excessive body fat that can have negative health consequences. Obesity is a complex disease caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. It is characterized by a discrepancy between caloric intake and expenditure. Obesity increases the risk of acquiring major chronic diseases, including heart disease, stroke, cancer, and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Currently, the inhibition of pancreatic lipases (PL) is a promising pharmacological therapy for obesity and weight management. In this study, the inhibition of pancreatic lipase by Cannabis sativa (C. sativa) plant extract and cannabinoids was investigated. METHODS The inhibitory effect was assessed using p-nitrophenyl butyrate (pNPB), and the results were obtained by calculating the percentage relative activity and assessed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Kinetic studies and spectroscopy techniques were used to evaluate the mode of inhibition. Diet-induced; and diabetic rat models were studied to evaluate the direct effects of C. sativa extract on PL activity. RESULTS Kinetic analyses showed that the plant extracts inhibited pancreatic lipase, with tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabinol (CBN) being the potential cause of the inhibition noted for the C. sativa plant extract. CBN and THC inhibited the pancreatic lipase activity in a competitive manner, with the lowest residual enzyme activity of 52 % observed at a 10 μg/mL concentration of CBN and 39 % inhibition at a 25 μg/mL concentration of THC. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy revealed that the inhibitors caused a change in the enzyme's secondary structure. At low concentrations, THC showed potential for synergistic inhibition with orlistat. C.sativa treatment in an in vivo rat model confirmed its inhibitory effects on pancreatic lipase activity. CONCLUSION The findings in this study provided insight into the use of cannabinoids as pancreatic lipase inhibitors and the possibility of using these compounds to develop new pharmacological treatments for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phelokazi Frans
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
| | - Lithalethu Mkabayi
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Brett I Pletschke
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
| | - Carminita L Frost
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa.
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Yoon C, Park E, Misra S, Kim JY, Baik JW, Kim KG, Jung CK, Kim C. Deep learning-based virtual staining, segmentation, and classification in label-free photoacoustic histology of human specimens. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:226. [PMID: 39223152 PMCID: PMC11369251 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01554-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
In pathological diagnostics, histological images highlight the oncological features of excised specimens, but they require laborious and costly staining procedures. Despite recent innovations in label-free microscopy that simplify complex staining procedures, technical limitations and inadequate histological visualization are still problems in clinical settings. Here, we demonstrate an interconnected deep learning (DL)-based framework for performing automated virtual staining, segmentation, and classification in label-free photoacoustic histology (PAH) of human specimens. The framework comprises three components: (1) an explainable contrastive unpaired translation (E-CUT) method for virtual H&E (VHE) staining, (2) an U-net architecture for feature segmentation, and (3) a DL-based stepwise feature fusion method (StepFF) for classification. The framework demonstrates promising performance at each step of its application to human liver cancers. In virtual staining, the E-CUT preserves the morphological aspects of the cell nucleus and cytoplasm, making VHE images highly similar to real H&E ones. In segmentation, various features (e.g., the cell area, number of cells, and the distance between cell nuclei) have been successfully segmented in VHE images. Finally, by using deep feature vectors from PAH, VHE, and segmented images, StepFF has achieved a 98.00% classification accuracy, compared to the 94.80% accuracy of conventional PAH classification. In particular, StepFF's classification reached a sensitivity of 100% based on the evaluation of three pathologists, demonstrating its applicability in real clinical settings. This series of DL methods for label-free PAH has great potential as a practical clinical strategy for digital pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiho Yoon
- Departments of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Medical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, and Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunwoo Park
- Departments of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Medical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, and Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sampa Misra
- Departments of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Medical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, and Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Departments of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Medical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, and Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
- Opticho Inc., Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Baik
- Departments of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Medical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, and Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Gi Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Kwon Jung
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chulhong Kim
- Departments of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Medical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, and Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.
- Opticho Inc., Pohang, Republic of Korea.
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Dos Santos ÉRQ, Pantoja LVPDS, Farias SV, Pinheiro BG, Andrade EHA, Mendes PFS, Cruz JN, Monteiro MC, Davis K, Lima RR, Freitas JJDS, Burbano RMR, Prediger RD, Fontes-Junior EA, Maia JGS, Maia CDSF. Linalool-rich rosewood essential oil (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) mitigates emotional and neurochemical impairments induced by ethanol binge-like exposure during adolescence in female rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117120. [PMID: 39024836 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Linalool-rich Rosewood oil (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) is a natural compound widely used in perfumery industry. Evidence suggests that linalool exerts antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. Conversely, ethanol binge drinking (i.e., intermittent and episodic consumption) during adolescence elicits neurobehavioral alterations associated with brain damage. Here, we investigated whether linalool-rich Rosewood oil administration can improve the emotional and molecular impairments associated with ethanol binge-like exposure during adolescence in female rats. Rosewood oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and posteriorly analyzed. Adolescent female Wistar rats received four-cycles of ethanol binge-like pattern (3 g/kg/day, 3 days on/4 days off) and daily Rosewood oil (35 mg/kg, intranasally) for 28 days. Twenty-four hours after treatments, it was evaluated the impact of ethanol exposure and Rosewood oil treatment on the putative emotional impairments assessed on the splash and forced swimming tests, as well as the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), S100B, oxidative parameters, and inflammatory cytokines in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Results indicated that Rosewood oil intranasal administration mitigated emotional impairments induced by ethanol exposure accompanied by a marked increase in BDNF, S100B, glutathione (GSH), and antioxidant activity equivalent to Trolox (TEAC) levels in brain areas. Rosewood oil treatment also prevented the ethanol-induced increase of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and neurofilament light chain (NFL) levels. These findings provide the first evidence that Rosewood oil intranasal administration exerts protective effects against emotional and molecular impairments associated with adolescent ethanol binge-like exposure, possibly due to linalool actions triggering neurotrophic factors, rebalancing antioxidant status, and attenuating proinflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éverton Renan Quaresma Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e do Comportamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Sarah Viana Farias
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e do Comportamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Bruno Gonçalves Pinheiro
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e do Comportamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Helena A Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA 66075-900, Brazil
| | | | - Jorddy Neves Cruz
- Laboratório de Biologia Funcional e Estrutural, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA 66075-900, Brazil
| | - Marta Chagas Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA 66075-900, Brazil
| | - Kelly Davis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA 66075-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratório de Biologia Funcional e Estrutural, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA 66075-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rui Daniel Prediger
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina 88049-900, Brazil
| | - Enéas Andrade Fontes-Junior
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e do Comportamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - José Guilherme S Maia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA 66075-900, Brazil
| | - Cristiane do Socorro Ferraz Maia
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Inflamação e do Comportamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil.
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Kota N, Gonzalez DD, Liu HC, Viswanath D, Vander Pol R, Wood A, Di Trani N, Chua CYX, Grattoni A. Prophylactic and therapeutic cancer vaccine with continuous localized immunomodulation. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2024; 62:102776. [PMID: 39102973 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2024.102776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Selective in vivo immune cell manipulation offers a promising strategy for cancer vaccines. In this context, spatiotemporal control over recruitment of specific cells, and their direct exposure to appropriate immunoadjuvants and antigens are key to effective cancer vaccines. We present an implantable 3D-printed cancer vaccine platform called the 'NanoLymph' that enables spatiotemporally-controlled recruitment and manipulation of immune cells in a subcutaneous site. Leveraging two reservoirs each for continuous immunoadjuvant release or antigen presentation, the NanoLymph attracts dendritic cells (DCs) on site and exposes them to tumor-associated antigens. Upon local antigen-specific activation, DCs are mobilized to initiate a systemic immune response. NanoLymph releasing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides with irradiated whole cell tumor lysate inhibited tumor growth of B16F10 murine melanoma in a prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine setting. Overall, this study presents the NanoLymph as a versatile cancer vaccine development platform with replenishable and controlled local release of antigens and immunoadjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikitha Kota
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Hsuan-Chen Liu
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dixita Viswanath
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robin Vander Pol
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anthony Wood
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nicola Di Trani
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Alessandro Grattoni
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
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Waldron R, Rodriguez MDLAB, Williams JM, Ning Z, Ahmed A, Lindsay A, Moore T. JRK binds satellite III DNA and is necessary for the heat shock response. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:1212-1222. [PMID: 38946594 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
JRK is a DNA-binding protein of the pogo superfamily of transposons, which includes the well-known centromere binding protein B (CENP-B). Jrk null mice exhibit epilepsy, and growth and reproductive disorders, consistent with its relatively high expression in the brain and reproductive tissues. Human JRK DNA variants and gene expression levels are implicated in cancers and neuropsychiatric disorders. JRK protein modulates β-catenin-TCF activity but little is known of its cellular functions. Based on its homology to CENP-B, we determined whether JRK binds centromeric or other satellite DNAs. We show that human JRK binds satellite III DNA, which is abundant at the chromosome 9q12 juxtacentromeric region and on Yq12, both sites of nuclear stress body assembly. Human JRK-GFP overexpressed in HeLa cells strongly localises to 9q12. Using an anti-JRK antiserum we show that endogenous JRK co-localises with a subset of centromeres in non-stressed cells, and with heat shock factor 1 following heat shock. Knockdown of JRK in HeLa cells proportionately reduces heat shock protein gene expression in heat-shocked cells. A role for JRK in regulating the heat shock response is consistent with the mouse Jrk null phenotype and suggests that human JRK may act as a modifier of diseases with a cellular stress component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalie Waldron
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - John M Williams
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Zhenfei Ning
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Abrar Ahmed
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Andrew Lindsay
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Tom Moore
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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8
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Pérez-Atehortúa M, Short SE, Aranzaez-Rios C, Farías J, Oliveira RPS, Pereira WA, Risopatrón J, Valdebenito I, Villalobos EF. Preparation and extraction of chorion proteins from Salmo salar embryos at the pigmented eye stage for electrophoresis with SDS-polyacrylamide gel. MethodsX 2024; 12:102533. [PMID: 38223216 PMCID: PMC10784690 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The chorion fulfills important functions in fish embryos, including protecting the embryo during development. The characterization of the protein profile of this envelope could be used as a bioindicator in the evaluation of the quality of embryonic development. The object of this work was to validate a standardized protocol for protein extraction from chorion of Salmo salar embryos at 280 accumulated thermal units (ATU) by comparing and combining existing methods. The protocol consists of consecutive washing of the chorion samples followed by protein extraction with the solution that was named SDS solution (Tris-HCl 100 mM (pH 8), Urea 8 M, 1% SDS, β-mercaptoethanol 300 mM and EGTA 10 Mm, and 1% protease inhibitor cocktail) and mechanical methods. Protein extraction is enhanced by a working temperature of 75 °C and use of a disperser. The protein concentration was quantified by Bradford Assay. After extraction, the samples were diluted (dilution factor 10) before reading against the calibration curve. After gel electrophoresis with a load of 3 µg of protein, staining showed more than 4 bands, with molecular weights between 25 kDa and 180 kDa.•The protein profile of fish chorion was between 25 kDa and 180 kDa.•Solution containing 1% SDS allows a higher extraction of proteins from the chorion of Atlantic salmon embryos with 280 ATU.•Chorion protein identification is a valuable tool in determining gamete and embryo quality in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maritza Pérez-Atehortúa
- Doctoral student in Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Catholic University of Temuco, Temuco 4781312 Chile
- Nucleus of Research in Food Production, Faculty of Natural Resources, Catholic University of Temuco, Temuco 4781312 Chile
| | - Stefania E. Short
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, La Frontera University, Temuco, Chile
| | - Cristian Aranzaez-Rios
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, La Frontera University, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jorge Farías
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, La Frontera University, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ricardo Pinheiro S. Oliveira
- Laboratory of Microbial Biomolecules, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Rua Do Lago, 250, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508 000, Brazil
| | - Wellison Amorim Pereira
- Laboratory of Microbial Biomolecules, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Rua Do Lago, 250, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508 000, Brazil
| | - Jennie Risopatrón
- Center of Excellence in Biotechnology on Reproduction (BIOREN-CEBIOR), Faculty of Medicine, La Frontera University, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Iván Valdebenito
- Nucleus of Research in Food Production, Faculty of Natural Resources, Catholic University of Temuco, Temuco 4781312 Chile
| | - Elías Figueroa Villalobos
- Nucleus of Research in Food Production, Faculty of Natural Resources, Catholic University of Temuco, Temuco 4781312 Chile
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Petrenko O, Badziukh S, Korsa V, Kolosovych I, Tykhomyrov A. Topical Application of Autologous Plasma-Derived Plasminogen Accelerates Healing of Chronic Foot Ulcers in Type 2 Diabetes Patients. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2024:15347346241256025. [PMID: 38758187 DOI: 10.1177/15347346241256025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Plasminogen (Pg) is currently considered a master regulator of wound healing, but the molecular mechanisms of its efficacy in improving impaired closure of chronic skin ulcers in type 2 diabetes patients remain unclear. Here, we investigated wound healing effects of autologous plasma-derived Pg in diabetes patients with chronic foot ulcers and evaluated Pg-induced changes in levels of key protein markers related to wound repair. Type 2 diabetes patients with chronic wounds of lower extremities were included in the study and received topical applications of Pg in a dose of 1.0 mg/mL every 2 days during 20 days, in addition to the standard wound management treatment. Patients treated only according to conventional protocol served as a control. Wound closure rates were monitored by digital planimetry of wound areas. Plasminogen supplementary treatment significantly accelerated relative wound closure as compared with diabetes patients from the control group (24 ± 4 days vs 120 ± 17 days, respectively, P < .01). As shown by Western blot, Pg application reduced expression of protein regulators of hypoxia events, angiogenesis, and autophagy such as hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (by 6.3-folds, P < .01), angiostatins (by 2.5-folds, P < .05), and autophagy marker LC3-II/LC3-I (by 8.6-folds, P < .05), while increasing vascular endothelial growth factor level by 1.9-folds (P < .05). Gelatin zymography showed that Pg-supplemented therapy decreased activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) by 3.5-folds at the end of treatment period (P < .01). We report here for the first time that topically applied plasma-derived Pg has a pronounced beneficial effect in promoting foot ulcer healing in patients with type 2 diabetes through preventing hypoxia-induced signaling, reducing autophagy flux, diminishing excessive MMP activity, and enhancing angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Petrenko
- Department of Surgery, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergiy Badziukh
- Department of Surgery, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Victoria Korsa
- Department of Enzyme Chemistry & Biochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Ihor Kolosovych
- Department of Surgery, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Artem Tykhomyrov
- Department of Enzyme Chemistry & Biochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Darkaoui B, Hilal I, Khourcha S, Lafnoune A, Chakir S, Aarab A, Moustaghfir A, Filali OA, Oukkache N. Development and Efficacy of the Antivenom Specific to Severe Envenomations in Morocco and North Africa: Advancements in Scorpion Envenomation Management. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:214. [PMID: 38787066 PMCID: PMC11125721 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16050214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Scorpion envenomation poses a global public health issue, with an estimated 1,500,000 cases worldwide annually resulting in 2600 deaths. North Africa, particularly Morocco, experiences severe envenomations, mainly attributed to Androctonus mauretanicus and Buthus occitanus in Morocco, and Buthus occitanus and Androctonus australis hector in Algeria and Tunisia, with case numbers often underestimated. Current treatment relies mainly on symptomatic approaches, except in Morocco, where management is limited to symptomatic treatment due to controversies regarding specific treatment. In Morocco, between 30,000 and 50,000 scorpion envenomation cases are reported annually, leading to hundreds of deaths, mainly among children. Controversies among clinicians persist regarding the appropriate course of action, often limiting treatments to symptomatic measures. The absence of a specific antivenom for the venoms of the most lethal scorpions further exacerbates the situation. This study aims to address this gap by developing a monovalent antivenom against the endemic and most dangerous scorpion, Androctonus mauretanicus. The antivenom was produced by immunizing albino rabbits with a mixture of Androctonus mauretanicus venom collected from high-risk areas in Morocco. Immunizations were performed by subcutaneous injections at multiple sites near the lymphatic system, following an immunization schedule. Production control of neutralizing antibody titers was conducted through immunodiffusion. Once a sufficient antibody titer was achieved, blood collection was performed, and the recovered plasma underwent affinity chromatography. The efficacy of purified IgG was evaluated by determining the ED50 in mice, complemented by histological and immunohistochemical studies on its ability to neutralize venom-induced tissue alterations and the neutralization of toxins bound to receptors in the studied organs. The monovalent antivenom demonstrated specificity against Androctonus mauretanicus venom and effective cross-protection against the venom of the scorpions Buthus occitanus and Androctonus australis hector, highly implicated in lethal envenomations in the Maghreb. This study shows that the developed monovalent antivenom exhibits notable efficacy against local scorpions and a surprising ability to neutralize the most lethal envenomations in North Africa. These results pave the way for a new, more specific, and promising therapeutic approach to countering severe scorpion envenomations, especially in Morocco, where specific treatment is lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouchra Darkaoui
- Laboratory of Venoms and Toxins, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, Casablanca 20250, Morocco; (B.D.); (I.H.); (S.K.); (A.L.); (S.C.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Physiopathology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P 5366 Maarif, Casablanca 20000, Morocco;
| | - Ines Hilal
- Laboratory of Venoms and Toxins, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, Casablanca 20250, Morocco; (B.D.); (I.H.); (S.K.); (A.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Soukaina Khourcha
- Laboratory of Venoms and Toxins, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, Casablanca 20250, Morocco; (B.D.); (I.H.); (S.K.); (A.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Ayoub Lafnoune
- Laboratory of Venoms and Toxins, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, Casablanca 20250, Morocco; (B.D.); (I.H.); (S.K.); (A.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Salma Chakir
- Laboratory of Venoms and Toxins, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, Casablanca 20250, Morocco; (B.D.); (I.H.); (S.K.); (A.L.); (S.C.)
| | - Ayoub Aarab
- Laboratory of Anatomical Pathology Marrakech, Agadir 80000, Morocco;
| | - Abdellah Moustaghfir
- Laboratory of Research Odontological, Biomaterials and Nanotechnology, Department of Fundamental Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Mohammed V University in Rabat, B.P 6212 Madinat Al Irfane, Rabat 10000, Morocco;
| | - Ouafaa Aniq Filali
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Physiopathology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P 5366 Maarif, Casablanca 20000, Morocco;
| | - Naoual Oukkache
- Laboratory of Venoms and Toxins, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, Casablanca 20250, Morocco; (B.D.); (I.H.); (S.K.); (A.L.); (S.C.)
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11
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Filipić B, Ušjak D, Rambaher MH, Oljacic S, Milenković MT. Evaluation of novel compounds as anti-bacterial or anti-virulence agents. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1370062. [PMID: 38510964 PMCID: PMC10951914 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1370062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat, leading to an alarming increase in the prevalence of bacterial infections that can no longer be treated with available antibiotics. The World Health Organization estimates that by 2050 up to 10 million deaths per year could be associated with antimicrobial resistance, which would equal the annual number of cancer deaths worldwide. To overcome this emerging crisis, novel anti-bacterial compounds are urgently needed. There are two possible approaches in the fight against bacterial infections: a) targeting structures within bacterial cells, similar to existing antibiotics; and/or b) targeting virulence factors rather than bacterial growth. Here, for the first time, we provide a comprehensive overview of the key steps in the evaluation of potential new anti-bacterial and/or anti-virulence compounds. The methods described in this review include: a) in silico methods for the evaluation of novel compounds; b) anti-bacterial assays (MIC, MBC, Time-kill); b) anti-virulence assays (anti-biofilm, anti-quorum sensing, anti-adhesion); and c) evaluation of safety aspects (cytotoxicity assay and Ames test). Overall, we provide a detailed description of the methods that are an essential tool for chemists, computational chemists, microbiologists, and toxicologists in the evaluation of potential novel antimicrobial compounds. These methods are cost-effective and have high predictive value. They are widely used in preclinical studies to identify new molecular candidates, for further investigation in animal and human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brankica Filipić
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušan Ušjak
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Martina Hrast Rambaher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Slavica Oljacic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina T. Milenković
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Luzardo S, Saadoun A, Cabrera MC, Terevinto A, Brugnini G, Rodriguez J, de Souza G, Rovira P, Rufo C. Effect of beef long-storage under different temperatures and vacuum-packaging conditions on meat quality, oxidation processes and microbial growth. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:1143-1153. [PMID: 37737475 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global beef market demands the meat industry to ensure product quality and safety in markets that are often very distant. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of chilled (CH, 120 d) and chilled-then-frozen (CHF, 28 d + 92 d) storage conditions of beef vacuum packaged (VP) and vacuum packaged with antimicrobial (VPAM) on meat quality, oxidative status and microbial loads. Treatments resulted from the combination of storage condition and packaging type: VP + CH, VP + CHF, VPAM + CH and VPAM + CHF. RESULTS Warner-Bratzler shear force values decreased in all treatments after 28 d of chilling. Except for VP + CH, L* values (lightness) of meat color did not differ in each treatment as the storage time increased. Meat from VP + CH had greater a* values than CHF treatments on day 120 of storage. A consumer panel did not detect differences in tenderness, flavor and overall liking between VP and VPAM beef, but they preferred CHF steaks rather than CH beef. TBARS values did not differ between VP and VPAM and between CH and CHF at any time during the storage period. At the end of storage time, all treatments except VP + CHF presented a greater concentration of thiols than at 48 h post-mortem. On day 120 of storage, VP + CH had greater catalase enzyme activity than CHF treatments while VP + CH and VP + CHF showed a greater superoxide dismutase activity than VPAM + CHF. Storage condition (CH or CHF) had a greater impact on microbial counts than the type of packaging. CONCLUSION Freezing meat after an ageing period represents a suitable strategy to extend beef storage life without a detrimental impact on its quality. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Luzardo
- Sistema Ganadero Extensivo y Agroalimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental INIA Tacuarembó, Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | - Ali Saadoun
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María C Cabrera
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alejandra Terevinto
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Giannina Brugnini
- Instituto Polo Tecnológico de Pando, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Pando, Uruguay
| | - Jesica Rodriguez
- Instituto Polo Tecnológico de Pando, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Pando, Uruguay
| | - Guillermo de Souza
- Sistema Ganadero Extensivo y Agroalimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Estación Experimental INIA Tacuarembó, Tacuarembó, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Rovira
- Sistema Ganadero Extensivo y Arroz-Ganadería, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Treinta y Tres, Uruguay
| | - Caterina Rufo
- Instituto Polo Tecnológico de Pando, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Pando, Uruguay
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Azcuy RL, Casaretto ME, Márquez L, Hernández AJ, Morales GA. Evaluation of Phytase Impact on In Vitro Protein and Phosphorus Bioaccessibility of Two Lupin Species for Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss). AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2024; 2024:2697729. [PMID: 38213755 PMCID: PMC10781528 DOI: 10.1155/2024/2697729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Legumes are an important source of protein, lipids, and other essential nutrients. As the demand for protein and lipids continues to surge on a global scale, there is a growing interest in incorporating legumes into aquafeeds. This shift is driven not only by the escalating growth of the aquaculture sector in recent years but also by the imperative to diminish the dependency on traditional resources like fishmeal (FM) and fish oil. Amongst legumes, different lupin species had been identified as a potential protein source to partially reduce the inclusion of FM in countries such as Australia, Chile, and the European Union. A comprehensive evaluation of their nutritional profiles, overall characteristics, and potential antinutritional factors is essential for informed utilization and the implementation of nutritional enhancement strategies. In pursuit of this goal, an in vitro gastrointestinal simulation system was devised to replicate the digestive conditions of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The study focused on determining the bioaccessibility of protein and phosphorus within two sweet lupin varieties (alkaloids < 0.05) with high (Lupinus mutabilis) and low (Lupinus angustifolius) native phytic acid content evaluated as whole (W) or dehulled (D) seeds meals and the effect of a single dose of phytase (2,500 FTU/kg DM). Additionally, regular soybean meal (SBM) served as reference (10 treatments with 3 replicates). A 2,500 FTU/kg DM phytase dose increased the levels of PO4-3 released throughout the intestinal phase by 122.6% for L. mutatabilis W, 116.3% for L. mutatabilis D, 65.2% for L. angustifolius W, 59.0% for L. angustifolius D, and 91.8% for SBM compared to controls without phytase. The bioaccessibility of amino acids in varieties treated with phytase increased with respect to the control without phytase. L. mutabilis was found to be a potentially viable alternative as a good quality protein source for the manufacture of environmentally friendly aquafeeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosendo L. Azcuy
- Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Producción Animal, Cátedra de Acuicultura, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matías E. Casaretto
- Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Producción Animal, Cátedra de Acuicultura, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lorenzo Márquez
- Centro de Investigación, Innovación y Creación UCT, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Adrián J. Hernández
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Gabriel A. Morales
- Facultad de Agronomía, Departamento de Producción Animal, Cátedra de Acuicultura, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas INPA–CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Terevinto A, del Puerto M, da Silva A, Cabrera MC, Saadoun A. Effect of chia seeds ( Salvia hispanica l.) inclusion in poultry diet on n-3 enrichment and oxidative status of meat during retail display. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2022.2162975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Terevinto
- Departamento de Producción Animal & Pasturas, Laboratorio Calidad de Alimentos, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marta del Puerto
- Departamento de Producción Animal & Pasturas, Laboratorio Calidad de Alimentos, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ayrton da Silva
- Departamento de Producción Animal & Pasturas, Laboratorio Calidad de Alimentos, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Cristina Cabrera
- Departamento de Producción Animal & Pasturas, Laboratorio Calidad de Alimentos, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Sección Fisiología & Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ali Saadoun
- Departamento de Producción Animal & Pasturas, Laboratorio Calidad de Alimentos, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Sección Fisiología & Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Zhao P, Yang P, Zhou W, Liu H, Jin X, Zhu X. Injectable Sealants Based on Silk Fibroin for Fast Hemostasis and Wound Repairing. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301310. [PMID: 37531236 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Uncontrollable blood loss poses fatality risks and most recently developed sealants still share common limitations on controversial components, degradability, mechanical strength or gelation time. Herein, series of injectable sealants based on silk fibroin (SF) is developed. Random coil/β-sheet conformation transition in SF is achieved by forming dendritic intermediates under induction of the structurally compatible and chemically complementary assembly peptide (Ac-KAEA-KAEA-KAEA-KAEA-NH2 , KA16 ). A ratio of 1:5 (KA-SF-15) shown an accelerating gelation process (≈12 s) and enhanced mechanical strength at physiological conditions. The interweaved nanofibers effectively impeded the bleeding within 30 s and no obvious adverse effects are observed. The supramolecular interactions and in vivo degradation benefit the inflammatory host cells infiltration and cytokines diffusion. Without any exogenous factors, the increased expression of VEGF and PDGF led to a positive feedback regulation on fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cell growth/proliferation and promoted the wound healing. These findings indicated the few assembly-peptide can accelerate fibroin gelation transition at a limited physiological condition, and the injectable amino acid-based sealants show obvious advantages on biocompatibility, degradability, rapid gelation and matched strength, with strong potential to act as next generation of biomedical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Peilang Yang
- Department of Burn, Ruijin Hospital Affliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Haoyang Liu
- Shanghai World Foreign Language Academy, 400 Baihua Street, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
| | - Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xinyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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Rodríguez M, Tironi VA. Chemical and cell antioxidant activity of amaranth flour and beverage after simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Role of peptides. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113410. [PMID: 37803743 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The potential of peptides generated by simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID) of two products derived from Amaranthus manteggazianus seeds, flour (F) and beverage (B), to exert peroxyl scavenging activity (ORAC) and antioxidant action on intestinal cells was studied. B was prepared by solubilisation of seed proteins, with the addition of gums and the application of a pasteurization treatment. The gastrointestinal digests FD and BD showed some differences in the peptide/polypeptide composition. The SGID produced increased ORAC activity for both samples, with some differences in the ORAC of the whole digests BD and FD and of some gel filtration fractions. Bioaccessible fractions (FDdbs and BDdbs) were obtained after treatment with cholestyramine resin to remove bile salts due to their cytotoxicity and oxidative effect. BDdbs presented a greater ORAC potency (IC50: 0.05 ± 0.01 and 0.008 ± 0.004 mg protein/ml for FDdbs and BDdbs, respectively). These fractions showed low cytotoxicity values (measured by LDH release) and produced high intracellular ROS inhibition (around 80 %), increased the SOD activity and the GSH content, with no effect on GPx activity in Caco2-TC7 cells exposed to H2O2. Several fractions with MM < 2.2 kDa presented also these cellular actions; fractions from FD induced higher increases in GSH concentration. Amaranth flour and a processed matrix like the beverage are shown as sources of bioactive peptides with potential cell antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Proteínas Alimentarias (LIDiPA), Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA) - (CCT La Plata-CONICET, CICPBA, UNLP), 47 and 116, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Valeria A Tironi
- Laboratorio de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Proteínas Alimentarias (LIDiPA), Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA) - (CCT La Plata-CONICET, CICPBA, UNLP), 47 and 116, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
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El-Hashash SA, El-Sakhawy MA, Eldamaty HS, Alqasem AA. Experimental evidence of the neurotoxic effect of monosodium glutamate in adult female Sprague Dawley rats: The potential protective role of Zingiber officinale Rosc. rhizomes. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103824. [PMID: 37869363 PMCID: PMC10587751 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Strategies to prevent the health abnormalities associated with the extensive use of MSG (monosodium glutamate) as a flavoring booster are badly needed. The current study was conducted to investigate oxidative stress, inflammation, and abnormal lipid profile as the main risk factors of neurotoxicity in MSG-exposed female albino rats. Besides, the effect of concurrent consumption of Zingiber officinale rhizomes powder was studied at low doses. Twenty rats (total) were split into 4 separate groups. The 1st group was a negative control group (without any treatment), while the others received 6 mg MSG/kg. The 2nd group was left untreated, whereas the 3rd and 4th groups were given a regular laboratory diet that included ginger rhizome powder supplements (GRP, 0.5 & 1%, respectively) for six weeks. In brain tissue homogenates, exposure to MSG caused a significant depletion of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and total protein levels, while triglycerides and cholesterol contents were significantly elevated. Moreover, a noteworthy upsurge in oxidative load and inflammation markers was also noticed associated with a marked reduction of antioxidant levels, which histopathological staining verified further. The rat diet formulated with GRP, with a dose-dependent effect, resulted in increased GABA and total protein contents and attenuated inflammation, oxidative stress, abnormal lipid profile, and marked histological changes in cerebral cortical neurons of MSG-administered animals. Therefore, this study reveals that GRP shields rats against the neurotoxicity that MSG causes. The anti-inflammatory as well as antioxidant, and lipid-normalizing properties of rhizomes of ginger may be accountable for their observed neuroprotective action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah A. El-Hashash
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Home Economics, Al-Azhar University, Nawag, Tanta City, P.O. Box 31732, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. El-Sakhawy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan S.E. Eldamaty
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Home Economics, Al-Azhar University, Nawag, Tanta City, P.O. Box 31732, Egypt
| | - Abdullah A. Alqasem
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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Peng B, Liu Y, Lin Y, Kraithong S, Mo L, Gao Z, Huang R, Zhang X. A New Exopolysaccharide of Marine Coral-Associated Aspergillus pseudoglaucus SCAU265: Structural Characterization and Immunomodulatory Activity. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1057. [PMID: 37998863 PMCID: PMC10672155 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have found that many marine microbial polysaccharides exhibit distinct immune activity. However, there is a relative scarcity of research on the immunomodulatory activity of marine fungal exopolysaccharides. A novel water-soluble fungal exopolysaccharide ASP-1 was isolated from the fermentation broths of marine coral-associated fungus Aspergillus pseudoglaucus SCAU265, and purified by Diethylaminoethyl-Sepharose-52 (DEAE-52) Fast Flow and Sephadex G-75. Structural analysis revealed that ASP-1 had an average molecular weight of 36.07 kDa and was mainly composed of (1→4)-linked α-D-glucopyranosyl residues, along with highly branched heteropolysaccharide regions containing 1,4,6-glucopyranosyl, 1,3,4-glucopyranosyl, 1,4,6-galactopyranosyl, T(terminal)-glucopyranosyl, T-mannopyranosyl, and T-galactopyranosyl residues. ASP-1 demonstrated significant effects on the proliferation, nitric oxide levels, and the secretion of cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Metabolomic analysis provided insights into the potential mechanisms of the immune regulation of ASP-1, suggesting its involvement in regulating immune function by modulating amino acid anabolism, particularly arginine synthesis and metabolism. These findings provide fundamental scientific data for further research on its accurate molecular mechanism of immunomodulatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China;
| | - Yongchun Liu
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (L.M.); (Z.G.)
| | - Yuqi Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (S.K.)
| | - Supaluck Kraithong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (S.K.)
| | - Li Mo
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (L.M.); (Z.G.)
| | - Ziqing Gao
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (L.M.); (Z.G.)
| | - Riming Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (S.K.)
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.L.); (L.M.); (Z.G.)
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19
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Anjuman A, Xiang Y, Liu G, Cai Y. Compositional and spectroscopic analysis of dissolved organic matter samples from Everglades periphyton and water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:106502-106513. [PMID: 37730981 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29461-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Periphyton is a ubiquitous niche in aquatic environments and can be a significant source of dissolved organic matter (DOM) production and leaching, especially in such environment as the Everglades, a slow-water flow wetland in Florida, USA. We employed an array of methods, including compositional analysis, 3-dimensional excitation emission matrix (3-D EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy, and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, to perform quantitative and qualitative analyses on the DOM produced by periphyton and DOM in surrounding surface water and periphyton overlying water for comparison purposes. Higher dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) contents in periphyton pore water than surface water and periphyton overlying water indicated the remarkable contribution from periphyton-produced DOM. Higher total protein, carbohydrate, and thiol contents in periphyton pore water than in surface water and periphyton overlying water underscored the possibility of periphyton pore water DOM leached from periphyton. These results agreed with 3-D EEM and ATR-FTIR analyses that showed the prevalence of possible microbial source of periphyton pore water DOM as indicated by higher fluorescence index (FI) than surface water and periphyton overlying water. Similarly, the size-fractionated DOM from surface water demonstrated terrestrial sources, and periphyton pore water demonstrated microbial sources regardless of their differences in size based on their FI values. The types of periphyton affect the production and composition of DOM, as evidenced by higher total protein, carbohydrate, and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) contents in floating mat on the water surface than in epiphyton attached to submerged phytoplankton, probably because the former is photo-synthetically more productive than the latter due to different light availability. This study provided fundamental information on periphyton DOM that is essential for further investigating its role in carbon cycle and its biogeochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afia Anjuman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th ST, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Yuping Xiang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th ST, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Guangliang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th ST, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Yong Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th ST, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
- Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8Th ST, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
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20
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Sánchez-Mendoza LM, Pérez-Sánchez C, Rodríguez-López S, López-Pedrera C, Calvo-Rubio M, de Cabo R, Burón MI, González-Reyes JA, Villalba JM. Sex-specific metabolic adaptations in transgenic mice overexpressing cytochrome b 5 reductase-3. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 207:144-160. [PMID: 37463636 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome b5 reductase 3 (CYB5R3) activates respiratory metabolism in cellular systems and exerts a prolongevity action in transgenic mice overexpressing this enzyme, mimicking some of the beneficial effects of calorie restriction. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of sex on metabolic adaptations elicited by CYB5R3 overexpression, and how key markers related with mitochondrial function are modulated in skeletal muscle, one of the major contributors to resting energy expenditure. Young CYB5R3 transgenic mice did not exhibit the striking adaptations in carbon metabolism previously detected in older animals. CYB5R3 was efficiently overexpressed and targeted to mitochondria in skeletal muscle from transgenic mice regardless sex. Overexpression significantly elevated NADH in both sexes, although differences were not statistically significant for NAD+, and increased the abundance of cytochrome c and the fission protein DRP-1 in females but not in males. Moreover, while mitochondrial biogenesis and function markers (as TFAM, NRF-1 and cleaved SIRT3) were markedly upregulated by CYB5R3 overexpression in females, a downregulation was observed in males. Ultrastructural changes were also highlighted, with an increase in the number of mitochondria per surface unit, and in the size of intermyofibrillar mitochondria in transgenic females compared with their wild-type controls. Our results support that CYB5R3 overexpression upregulates markers consistent with enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and function, and increases mitochondrial abundance in skeletal muscle, producing most of these potentially beneficial actions in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Marina Sánchez-Mendoza
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Carlos Pérez-Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain; Rheumatology Service, Reina Sofia Hospital/ Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Sandra Rodríguez-López
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Chary López-Pedrera
- Rheumatology Service, Reina Sofia Hospital/ Maimonides Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Cordoba (IMIBIC)/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Miguel Calvo-Rubio
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - María I Burón
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - José A González-Reyes
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - José M Villalba
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, CeiA3, Córdoba, Spain.
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21
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Terevinto A, Cabrera MC, Zaccari F, Saadoun A. The Oxidative and Color Stability of Beef from Steers Fed Pasture or Concentrate during Retail Display. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2972. [PMID: 37760372 PMCID: PMC10525446 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Beef production in Uruguay is based on pasture (~85%) or concentrate (~15%), resulting in differences in meat quality. The objective of this study was to compare the oxidative stability and color of beef from these two systems during refrigerated retail display. For these purposes, the Semimembranosus muscle was removed from ten Aberdeen Angus steers raised and fed on pasture (130 days prior to slaughter) and from another ten steers fed concentrate (100 days prior to slaughter), sliced. The muscles were placed in a refrigerated showcase for 3, 6, and 9 days. The contents of β-carotene, α-tocopherol, and fatty acids were determined before the meat was placed on display. Lipid and protein oxidation, color, and heme iron content were determined before and during display. The meat from pasture-fed steers had a lower intramuscular fat content (1.78 ± 0.15 vs. 4.52 ± 0.46), lower levels of monounsaturated fatty acids, a lower n-6/n-3 ratio, less lipid and protein oxidation, lower L* and a* values, and higher levels of α-linolenic acid, DHA, total n-3, β-carotene, and α-tocopherol. In conclusion, the meat from pasture-fed steers was more stable during retail display from an oxidative point of view, which may be due to its higher levels of antioxidant compounds such as β-carotene and α-tocopherol and had a healthier fatty acid profile for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Terevinto
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Av. Garzón 780, Montevideo 12900, Uruguay; (M.C.C.); (F.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - María Cristina Cabrera
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Av. Garzón 780, Montevideo 12900, Uruguay; (M.C.C.); (F.Z.); (A.S.)
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Calle Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
| | - Fernanda Zaccari
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Av. Garzón 780, Montevideo 12900, Uruguay; (M.C.C.); (F.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Ali Saadoun
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Av. Garzón 780, Montevideo 12900, Uruguay; (M.C.C.); (F.Z.); (A.S.)
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Calle Iguá 4225, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay
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22
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Kimura Y, Ekuban FA, Zong C, Sugie S, Zhang X, Itoh K, Yamamoto M, Ichihara S, Ohsako S, Ichihara G. Role of Nrf2 in 1,2-dichloropropane-induced cell proliferation and DNA damage in the mouse liver. Toxicol Sci 2023; 195:28-41. [PMID: 37326970 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
1,2-Dichloropropane (1,2-DCP) is recognized as the causative chemical of occupational cholangiocarcinoma in printing workers in Japan. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of 1,2-DCP-induced carcinogenesis remains elusive. The present study investigated cellular proliferation, DNA damage, apoptosis, and expression of antioxidant and proinflammatory genes in the liver of mice exposed daily to 1,2-DCP for 5 weeks, and the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in these responses. Wild-type and Nrf2-knockout (Nrf2-/-) mice were administered 1,2-DCP by gastric gavage, and then the livers were collected for analysis. Immunohistochemistry for BrdU or Ki67 and TUNEL assay revealed that exposure to 1,2-DCP dose-dependently increased proliferative cholangiocytes, whereas decreased apoptotic cholangiocytes in wild-type mice but not in Nrf2-/- mice. Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR showed that exposure to 1,2-DCP increased the levels of DNA double-strand break marker γ-H2AX and mRNA expression levels of NQO1, xCT, GSTM1, and G6PD in the livers of wild-type mice in a dose-dependent manner, but no such changes were noted in Nrf2-/- mice. 1,2-DCP increased glutathione levels in the liver of both the wild-type and Nrf2-/- mice, suggesting that an Nrf2-independent mechanism contributes to 1,2-DCP-induced increase in glutathione level. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that exposure to 1,2-DCP induced proliferation but reduced apoptosis in cholangiocytes, and induced double-strand DNA breaks and upregulation of antioxidant genes in the liver in an Nrf2-dependent manner. The study suggests a role of Nrf2 in 1,2-DCP-induced cell proliferation, antiapoptotic effect, and DNA damage, which are recognized as key characteristics of carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kimura
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Frederick Adams Ekuban
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Cai Zong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Sugie
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Asahi University Murakami Memorial Hospital, Gifu 550-8856, Japan
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou 510300, People's Republic of China
| | - Ken Itoh
- Department of Stress Response Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Sahoko Ichihara
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke 329-0431, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Ohsako
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Gaku Ichihara
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
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23
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Shaik HA, Mishra A. Influence of Asafoetida Extract on the Virulence of the Entomopathogenic Nematode Steinernema carpocapsae and Its Symbiotic Bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila in the Host Pyrrhocoris apterus. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1678. [PMID: 37512851 PMCID: PMC10385281 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nematode-microbe symbiosis plays a key role in determining pathogenesis against pests. The modulation of symbiotic bacteria may affect the virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) and the biological management of pests. We tested the influence of asafoetida (ASF) extract on the virulence of Steinernema carpocapsae and its symbiotic bacterium, Xenorhabdus nematophila, in Pyrrhocoris apterus. A total of 100 mg of ASF killed 30% of EPNs in 48 h, while P. apterus remained unaffected. The EPNs pre-treated with 100 mg of ASF influenced P. apterus's mortality by 24-91.4% during a period of 24 to 72 h. The topical application of ASF acted as a deterrent to S. carpocapsae, lowering host invasion to 70% and delaying infectivity with 30% mortality for 168 h. Interestingly, Steinernema's symbiotic bacterium, Xenorhabdus, remained unaffected by ASF. An in vitro turbidity test containing 100 mg of ASF in a medium increased the growth rate of Xenorhabdus compared to a control. A disc diffusion assay confirmed the non-susceptibility of Xenorhabdus to ASF compared to a positive control, streptomycin. Pro-phenol oxidase (PPO) and phenol oxidase (PO) upregulation showed that ASF influences immunity, while EPN/ASF showed a combined immunomodulatory effect in P. apterus. We report that ASF modulated the virulence of S. carpocapsae but not that of its symbiotic bacterium, X. nematophila, against P. apterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haq Abdul Shaik
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, CAS, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Archana Mishra
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Na Sádkách 1780, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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24
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Hilal I, Khourcha S, Safi A, Hmyene A, Asnawi S, Othman I, Stöcklin R, Oukkache N. Comparative Proteomic Analysis of the Venoms from the Most Dangerous Scorpions in Morocco: Androctonus mauritanicus and Buthus occitanus. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051133. [PMID: 37240778 DOI: 10.3390/life13051133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Morocco is known to harbor two of the world's most dangerous scorpion species: the black Androctonus mauritanicus (Am) and the yellow Buthus occitanus (Bo), responsible for 83% and 14% of severe envenomation cases, respectively. Scorpion venom is a mixture of biological molecules of variable structures and activities, most of which are proteins of low molecular weights referred to as toxins. In addition to toxins, scorpion venoms also contain biogenic amines, polyamines, and enzymes. With the aim of investigating the composition of the Am and Bo venoms, we conducted an analysis of the venoms by mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) after separation by reversed-phase HPLC chromatography. Results from a total of 19 fractions obtained for the Am venom versus 22 fractions for the Bo venom allowed the identification of approximately 410 and 252 molecular masses, respectively. In both venoms, the most abundant toxins were found to range between 2-5 kDa and 6-8 kDa. This proteomic analysis not only allowed the drawing of an extensive mass fingerprint of the Androctonus mauritanicus and Buthus occitanus venoms but also provided a better insight into the nature of their toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Hilal
- Laboratory of Venoms and Toxins, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca 20360, Morocco
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Environment and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Mohammedia, Mohammedia 20650, Morocco
| | - Soukaina Khourcha
- Laboratory of Venoms and Toxins, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca 20360, Morocco
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Environment and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Mohammedia, Mohammedia 20650, Morocco
| | - Amal Safi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Environment and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Mohammedia, Mohammedia 20650, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Hmyene
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Environment and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Mohammedia, Mohammedia 20650, Morocco
| | - Syafiq Asnawi
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Reto Stöcklin
- Atheris Laboratories, Case Postale 314, CH-1233 Bernex, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Naoual Oukkache
- Laboratory of Venoms and Toxins, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca 20360, Morocco
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25
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Martínez-Gopar PE, Pérez-Rodríguez MJ, Angeles-López QD, Tristán-López L, González-Espinosa C, Pérez-Severiano F. Toll-Like Receptor 4 Plays a Significant Role in the Biochemical and Neurological Alterations Observed in Two Distinct Mice Models of Huntington's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2678-2690. [PMID: 36701109 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03234-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are central players in innate immunity responses. They are expressed in glial cells and neurons, and their overactivation leads to the production of proinflammatory molecules, neuroinflammation, and neural damage associated with many neurodegenerative pathologies, such as Huntington's disease (HD). HD is an inherited disorder caused by a mutation in the gene coding for the protein Huntingtin (Htt). Expression of mutated Htt (mHtt) causes progressive neuronal degeneration characterized by striatal loss of GABAergic neurons, oxidative damage, neuroinflammatory processes, and impaired motor behavior. The main animal models to study HD are the intrastriatal injection of quinolinic acid (QA) and the transgenic B6CBA-Tg (HDexon1)61Gpb/1 J mice (R6/1). Those models mimic neuronal damage and systemic manifestations of HD. The objective of this work was to study the participation of TLR4 in the manifestations of neuronal damage and HD symptoms in the two mentioned models. For this purpose, C57BL6/J and TLR4-KO mice were administered with QA, and after that motor activity, and neuronal and oxidative damages were measured. R6/1 and TLR4-KO were mated to study the effect of low expression of TLR4 on the phenotype manifestation in R6/1 mice. We found that TLR4 is involved in motor activity, and neurological and oxidative damage induced by intrastriatal injection of QA, and the low expression of TLR4 causes a delay in the onset of phenotypic manifestations by the mHtt expression in R6/1 mice. Our results show that TLR4 is involved in both models of HD and focuses then as a therapeutic target for some deleterious reactions in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo E Martínez-Gopar
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Sede Sur, Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Colonia Granjas Coapa, Alcaldía Tlalpan, 14330, Mexico City, CP, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Avenida Insurgentes Sur No. 3877, Colonia La Fama, Alcaldía Tlalpan, 14269, Mexico City, CP, Mexico
| | - Marian J Pérez-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Sede Sur, Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Colonia Granjas Coapa, Alcaldía Tlalpan, 14330, Mexico City, CP, Mexico
| | - Quetzalli D Angeles-López
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Avenida Insurgentes Sur No. 3877, Colonia La Fama, Alcaldía Tlalpan, 14269, Mexico City, CP, Mexico
| | - Luis Tristán-López
- Departamento de Neuroquímica, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Avenida Insurgentes Sur No. 3877, Colonia La Fama, Alcaldía Tlalpan, 14269, Mexico City, CP, Mexico
| | - Claudia González-Espinosa
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Sede Sur, Calzada de los Tenorios No. 235, Colonia Granjas Coapa, Alcaldía Tlalpan, 14330, Mexico City, CP, Mexico
| | - Francisca Pérez-Severiano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez", Avenida Insurgentes Sur No. 3877, Colonia La Fama, Alcaldía Tlalpan, 14269, Mexico City, CP, Mexico.
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26
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Comparison of in vitro Antifungal Activity Methods Using Extract of Chitinase-producing Aeromonas sp. BHC02. Protein J 2023; 42:125-134. [PMID: 36892743 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-023-10098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Biological control to prevent fungal plant diseases offers an alternative approach to facilitate sustainable agriculture. Since the chitin in fungal cell walls is a target for biocontrol agents, chitinases are one of the important antifungal molecules. In this study, the aim was to investigate a new chitinase isolated from a fluvial soil bacterium and to show the antifungal activity of the characterized chitinase by comparing the three common methods. The bacterium with the highest chitinase activity was identified as Aeromonas sp. by 16 S rRNA sequence analysis. Following the determination of the optimum enzyme production time, the enzyme was partially purified, and the physicochemical parameters of the enzyme were investigated. In the antifungal studies, direct Aeromonas sp. BHC02 cells or partially purified chitinase were used. As a result, in the first method in which the Aeromonas sp. BHC02 cells were spread on the surface of petri dishes, no zone formation was observed around the test fungi spotted on the surface. However, zone formation was observed in the methods in which the antifungal activity was investigated using the partially purified chitinase enzyme. For example, in the second method, the enzyme was spread on the surface of PDA, and zone formation was observed only around Penicillum species among the test fungi spotted on the surface. In the third method, in which the necessary time was given for the formation of mycelium of the test fungi, it was observed that the growth of Fusarium solani, Alternaria alternata and Botrytis cinerea was inhibited by the partially purified chitinase. This study concludes that the results of the antifungal activities depend on the method used and all fungal chitins cannot be degraded with one strain's chitinase. Depending on the variety of chitin, some fungi can be more resistant.
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Scheibner D, Salaheldin AH, Bagato O, Zaeck LM, Mostafa A, Blohm U, Müller C, Eweas AF, Franzke K, Karger A, Schäfer A, Gischke M, Hoffmann D, Lerolle S, Li X, Abd El-Hamid HS, Veits J, Breithaupt A, Boons GJ, Matrosovich M, Finke S, Pleschka S, Mettenleiter TC, de Vries RP, Abdelwhab EM. Phenotypic effects of mutations observed in the neuraminidase of human origin H5N1 influenza A viruses. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011135. [PMID: 36745654 PMCID: PMC9934401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Global spread and regional endemicity of H5Nx Goose/Guangdong avian influenza viruses (AIV) pose a continuous threat for poultry production and zoonotic, potentially pre-pandemic, transmission to humans. Little is known about the role of mutations in the viral neuraminidase (NA) that accompanied bird-to-human transmission to support AIV infection of mammals. Here, after detailed analysis of the NA sequence of human H5N1 viruses, we studied the role of A46D, L204M, S319F and S430G mutations in virus fitness in vitro and in vivo. Although H5N1 AIV carrying avian- or human-like NAs had similar replication efficiency in avian cells, human-like NA enhanced virus replication in human airway epithelia. The L204M substitution consistently reduced NA activity of H5N1 and nine other influenza viruses carrying NA of groups 1 and 2, indicating a universal effect. Compared to the avian ancestor, human-like H5N1 virus has less NA incorporated in the virion, reduced levels of viral NA RNA replication and NA expression. We also demonstrate increased accumulation of NA at the plasma membrane, reduced virus release and enhanced cell-to-cell spread. Furthermore, NA mutations increased virus binding to human-type receptors. While not affecting high virulence of H5N1 in chickens, the studied NA mutations modulated virulence and replication of H5N1 AIV in mice and to a lesser extent in ferrets. Together, mutations in the NA of human H5N1 viruses play different roles in infection of mammals without affecting virulence or transmission in chickens. These results are important to understand the genetic determinants for replication of AIV in mammals and should assist in the prediction of AIV with zoonotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Scheibner
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Ahmed H. Salaheldin
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, El-Beheira, Egypt
| | - Ola Bagato
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre (NRC), Water Pollution Research Department, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Luca M. Zaeck
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre (NRC), Water Pollution Research Department, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ulrike Blohm
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Christin Müller
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ahmed F. Eweas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt; Department of Science, University of Technology and Applied Sciences-Rustaq, Rustaq, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Kati Franzke
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Axel Karger
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Alexander Schäfer
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Marcel Gischke
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Donata Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Solène Lerolle
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Xuguang Li
- Centre for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate, HPFB, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology and Emerging Pathogens Research Centre, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hatem S. Abd El-Hamid
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Al-Buheira, Egypt
| | - Jutta Veits
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Angele Breithaupt
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Science, the Netherlands
| | | | - Stefan Finke
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Stephan Pleschka
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Germany
| | - Thomas C. Mettenleiter
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Robert P. de Vries
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Science, the Netherlands
| | - Elsayed M. Abdelwhab
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Wu K, Li Y, Lin Y, Xu B, Yang J, Mo L, Huang R, Zhang X. Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of an exopolysaccharide from marine-derived Aspergillus versicolor SCAU141. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 227:329-339. [PMID: 36535356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Until now, relatively little is known about marine-derived fungal polysaccharides and their activities. Exopolysaccharide AVP141-A was isolated from the broth of marine-derived fungus Aspergillus versicolor SCAU141 and purified by Diethylaminoethyl-Sepharose Fast Flow and Sephadex G-100. The structural characteristics of AVP141-A was studied by chemical analysis together with high-performance gel permeation chromatography, ion chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results showed that AVP141-A with the molecular weight of 5.10 kDa was mainly composed of →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→, branched by α-D-Glcp-(1→ and →6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→ at C-6 positions of the glucan backbone. In particular, sulfate ester (approximately 3.62 %) was found in AVP141-A, which was frequently considered to occur in marine-derived microbial polysaccharides rather than other microbial polysaccharides. Furthermore, AVP141-A significantly enhanced the activity of the inflammatory factors NO, COX-2 and TNF-α in RAW264.7 macrophages by activating the MAPK/p38 and NF-κB/p65 pathways. In addition, metabolomic analysis revealed that most of the pathways with significant changes in RAW264.7 macrophages treated with AVP141-A were amino acid-related pathways, and arginine was the characteristic metabolite. In conclusion, this study identified AVP141-A as a marine fungus-derived sulfated exopolysaccharide with potential for development as an immune activator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyue Wu
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Yiyang Li
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Yuqi Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University-United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Jiajia Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Li Mo
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Riming Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
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Patel R, Parmar N, Palit SP, Rathwa N, Begum R. A novel combination of sitagliptin and melatonin ameliorates T2D manifestations: studies on experimental diabetic models. J Endocrinol Invest 2023:10.1007/s40618-023-02014-6. [PMID: 36692817 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an endocrine disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dysregulated glucose and lipid metabolism, reduced pancreatic β-cell function and mass, and a reduced incretin effect. Circadian rhythm disruption is associated with increased T2D risk. We have investigated the therapeutic potential of a combination of melatonin (M) and sitagliptin (S), a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor, in the amelioration of T2D manifestations in high-fat diet (HFD) induced T2D mouse model and also on β-cell proliferation under gluco-lipotoxicity stress in vitro. METHODS For in vivo study, mice were fed with HFD for 25 weeks to induce T2D and were treated with monotherapies and S + M for four weeks. For the in vitro study, primary mouse islets were exposed to normal glucose and high glucose + palmitate to induce gluco-lipotoxic stress. RESULTS Our results suggest that monotherapies and S + M improve metabolic parameters and glyco-lipid metabolism in the liver and adipose tissue, respectively, and improve mitochondrial function in the skeletal muscle. Moreover, it increases peripheral insulin sensitivity. Our in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that β-cell mass was preserved in all the drug-treated groups. CONCLUSION The combination treatment is superior to monotherapies in the management of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - N Parmar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - S P Palit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - N Rathwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
| | - R Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India.
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Naqvi F, Dastagir N, Jabeen A. Honey proteins regulate oxidative stress, inflammation and ameliorates hyperglycemia in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:14. [PMID: 36653816 PMCID: PMC9847130 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03837-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes Mellitus (DM) poses a serious health problem worldwide and several inflammatory mediators are involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. Honey composed of various constituents which have been proven to have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study is to investigate the in vitro and in vivo effects of Ziziphus honey and its isolated crude proteins in modulation of immune system and inflammation involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes. METHODOLOGY The proteins from Ziziphus honey were isolated by ammonium sulfate precipitation and estimated by Bradford method. In vitro anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated by inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from phagocytes via chemiluminescence immunoassay and nitric oxide (NO) by Griess method. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT Assay. The comparative effect of oral and IP routes of honey and isolated proteins was observed in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic male Wistar rats. qRT-PCR technique was utilized for gene expression studies. RESULTS The honey proteins suppressed phagocyte oxidative burst and nitric oxide (NO) at significantly lower concentrations as compared to crude honey. The isolated proteins showed promising anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic effects along with maintenance of body weight of rodents via both oral and IP routes, with significant down-regulation of inflammatory markers TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, iNOS, caspase 1, Calgranulin A (S100A8) and NF-κB expression in diabetic rats. CONCLUSION The isolated honey proteins showed better immunomodulatory and therapeutic potential at significantly lower doses as compared to crude honey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farwa Naqvi
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Nida Dastagir
- Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Almas Jabeen
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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Kuchmerovska T, Yanitska L, Horkunenko O, Guzyk M, Tykhonenko T, Pryvrotska I. Nicotinamide prevention in diabetes-induced alterations in the rat liver. Endocr Regul 2023; 57:279-291. [PMID: 38127690 DOI: 10.2478/enr-2023-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. The study was performed to elucidate whether nicotinamide (NAm) can attenuate the diabetes-induced liver damage by correction of ammonia detoxifying function and disbalance of NAD-dependent processes in diabetic rats. Methods. After four weeks of streptozotocin-induced diabetes, Wistar male rats were treated for two weeks with or without NAm. Urea concentration, arginase, and glutamine synthetase activities, NAD+ levels, and NAD+/NADH ratio were measured in cytosolic liver extracts. Expression of parp-1 gene in the liver was estimated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and PARP-1 cleavage evaluated by Western blotting. Results. Despite the blood plasma lipid peroxidation products in diabetic rats were increased by 60%, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was reduced. NAm attenuated the oxidative stress, but did not affect the enzyme activity in diabetic rats. In liver of the diabetic rats, urea concentration and arginase activity were significantly higher than in the controls. The glutamine synthetase activity was decreased. Decline in NAD+ level and cytosolic NAD+/NADH ratio in the liver of diabetic rats was observed. Western blot analysis demonstrated a significant up-regulation of PARP-1 expression accompanied by the enzyme cleavage in the diabetic rat liver. However, no correlation was seen between mRNA expression of parp-1 gene and PARP-1 protein in the liver of diabetic rats. NAm markedly attenuated PARP-1 cleavage induced by diabetes, but did not affect the parp-1 gene expression. Conclusions. NAm counteracts diabetes-induced impairments in the rat liver through improvement of its detoxifying function, partial restoration of oxidative stress, NAD+ level, normalization of redox state of free cytosolic NAD+/NADH-couples, and prevention of PARP-1 cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Kuchmerovska
- 1Department of Vitamin and Coenzyme Biochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Lesya Yanitska
- 2Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Horkunenko
- 2Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Mykhailo Guzyk
- 1Department of Vitamin and Coenzyme Biochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Tetiana Tykhonenko
- 1Department of Vitamin and Coenzyme Biochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Irina Pryvrotska
- 3Gorbachevsky Ternopil' State Medical University, Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine, Ternopil', Ukraine
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Smets D, Tsirigotaki A, Smit JH, Krishnamurthy S, Portaliou AG, Vorobieva A, Vranken W, Karamanou S, Economou A. Evolutionary adaptation of the protein folding pathway for secretability. EMBO J 2022; 41:e111344. [PMID: 36031863 PMCID: PMC9713715 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022111344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Secretory preproteins of the Sec pathway are targeted post-translationally and cross cellular membranes through translocases. During cytoplasmic transit, mature domains remain non-folded for translocase recognition/translocation. After translocation and signal peptide cleavage, mature domains fold to native states in the bacterial periplasm or traffic further. We sought the structural basis for delayed mature domain folding and how signal peptides regulate it. We compared how evolution diversified a periplasmic peptidyl-prolyl isomerase PpiA mature domain from its structural cytoplasmic PpiB twin. Global and local hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry showed that PpiA is a slower folder. We defined at near-residue resolution hierarchical folding initiated by similar foldons in the twins, at different order and rates. PpiA folding is delayed by less hydrophobic native contacts, frustrated residues and a β-turn in the earliest foldon and by signal peptide-mediated disruption of foldon hierarchy. When selected PpiA residues and/or its signal peptide were grafted onto PpiB, they converted it into a slow folder with enhanced in vivo secretion. These structural adaptations in a secretory protein facilitate trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dries Smets
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular BacteriologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Alexandra Tsirigotaki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular BacteriologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Jochem H Smit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular BacteriologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Srinath Krishnamurthy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular BacteriologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Athina G Portaliou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular BacteriologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Anastassia Vorobieva
- Structural Biology BrusselsVrije Universiteit Brussel and Center for Structural BiologyBrusselsBelgium
- VIB‐VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIBBrusselsBelgium
| | - Wim Vranken
- Structural Biology BrusselsVrije Universiteit Brussel and Center for Structural BiologyBrusselsBelgium
- VIB‐VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIBBrusselsBelgium
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in BrusselsFree University of BrusselsBrusselsBelgium
| | - Spyridoula Karamanou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular BacteriologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Anastassios Economou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Molecular BacteriologyKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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Bizeau J, Adam A, Nadal C, Francius G, Siniscalco D, Pauly M, Bégin-Colin S, Mertz D. Protein sustained release from isobutyramide-grafted stellate mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Int J Pharm X 2022; 4:100130. [PMID: 36156982 PMCID: PMC9494245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2022.100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins are great therapeutic candidates as endogenous biomolecules providing a wide range of applications. However, their delivery suffers from some limitations and specifically designed delivery systems having an efficient protein anchoring and delivery strategy are still needed. In this work, we propose to combine large pore stellate mesoporous silica (STMS) with isobutyramide (IBAM), as a "glue" molecule which has been shown promising for immobilization of various biomacromolecules at silica surface. We address here for the first time the ability of such IBAM-modified NPs to sustainably deliver proteins over a prolonged time. In this work, a quantitative loading study of proteins (serum albumin (HSA), peroxidase (HRP), immunoglobulin (IgG) and polylysine (PLL)) on STMS@IBAM is first presented using three complementary detection techniques to ensure precision and avoid protein quantification issues. The results demonstrated a high loading capacity for HSA and HRP (≥ ca. 350 μg.mg-1) but a moderate one for IgG and PLL. After evaluating the physicochemical properties of the loaded particles and their stability over scaling-up and washings, the ability of STMS@IBAM to release proteins over prolonged time was evaluated in equilibrium (static) and flow mimicking (dynamic) conditions and at different temperatures (25, 37, 45 °C). Results show not only the potential of such "glue" functionalized STMS to release proteins in a sustained way, but also the retention of the biological activity of immobilized and released HRP, used as an enzyme model. Finally, an AFM-force spectroscopy study was conducted to decipher the interactions between IBAM and proteins, showing the involvement of different interactions in the adsorption and release processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Bizeau
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR-7504 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Lœss, BP 34 67034, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alexandre Adam
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR-7504 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Lœss, BP 34 67034, Strasbourg, France
| | - Clémence Nadal
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR-7504 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Lœss, BP 34 67034, Strasbourg, France
| | - Grégory Francius
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour les Matériaux et l'Environnement (LCPME), UMR 7564 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, 405 rue de Vandoeuvre, 54600 Villers-lès-Nancy, France
| | - David Siniscalco
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour les Matériaux et l'Environnement (LCPME), UMR 7564 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, 405 rue de Vandoeuvre, 54600 Villers-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Matthias Pauly
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron (UPR22), 23 rue du Loess, 67034, Strasbourg BP 84047, France
| | - Sylvie Bégin-Colin
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR-7504 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Lœss, BP 34 67034, Strasbourg, France
| | - Damien Mertz
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR-7504 CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du Lœss, BP 34 67034, Strasbourg, France
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Rao SS, Venkatesan J, Yuvarajan S, Rekha PD. Self-assembled polyelectrolyte complexes of chitosan and fucoidan for sustained growth factor release from PRP enhance proliferation and collagen deposition in diabetic mice. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:2838-2855. [PMID: 35445942 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic wound management is a serious health care challenge due to higher rates of relapse, expensive treatment approaches, and poor healing outcomes. Among cell-based therapies, use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been shown to be effective for diabetic wounds, but its poor shelf-life limits its clinical use. Here, we demonstrate a simple but effective polymer system to increase the shelf-life of PRP by developing a polyelectrolyte complex with dropwise addition of chitosan solution containing PRP by simple mixing at room temperature. Thus, prepared chitosan-fucoidan (CF) carrier complex encapsulated more than 95% of the loaded PRP. The resulting CF/PRP colloids were spherical in shape and ensured extended PRP release up to 72 h at 37 °C. Routine characterization (FT-IR, XRD, SEM) showed the material properties. The biological assays showed that CF complexes were biocompatible while CF/PRP enhanced the proliferation of fibroblasts and keratinocytes via higher Ki67 expression and fibroblast migration. Further investigations using a diabetic mouse model demonstrated significantly higher wound contraction and histopathological observations showed increased fibroblast migration, and collagen and cytokeratin deposition in treatment groups. The results are suggestive of the efficacy of CF/PRP as a cost-effective topical formulation for the sustained delivery of growth factors in treating chronic diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Subramanya Rao
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed To Be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Jayachandran Venkatesan
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed To Be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Subramaniyan Yuvarajan
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed To Be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Punchappady-Devasya Rekha
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed To Be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India.
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Wöhnke E, Cackett G, Werner F, Blome S, Mettenleiter TC, Karger A. Proteome Analysis of Swine Macrophages after Infection with Two Genotype II African Swine Fever Isolates of Different Pathogenicity. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102140. [PMID: 36298696 PMCID: PMC9607119 DOI: 10.3390/v14102140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the introduction of a highly pathogenic genotype II isolate of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) into Georgia in 2007, African swine fever (ASF) has gone panzootic. Outbreaks have been reported in Europe, Asia and, more recently, Latin America. Thus, ASFV has become a major threat to the pig industry worldwide, as broadly applicable vaccines are not available. While the majority of ASFV strains show high virulence in domestic pigs and wild boar, variations within the ASFV genome have resulted in the emergence of attenuated strains with low or moderate virulence. However, the molecular basis of the differences in virulence has not yet been discovered. To reveal virulence-associated protein expression patterns, we analysed the proteomes of the natural target cells of ASFV, primary porcine macrophages, after infection with two genotype II ASFV strains displaying high (Armenia 2008) and moderate (Estonia 2014) virulence using quantitative mass spectrometry. Very similar expression patterns were observed for the viral genes, and any differences were limited to the deletions within the Estonia 2014 genome. In addition to the canonical ASFV proteins, twelve novel protein products from recently described transcripts were confirmed in both isolates. Pathway analyses showed that both isolates evoked a similar host proteome response, despite their difference in virulence. However, subtle differences in the manipulation of the proteins involved in the proinflammatory response mediated by the MAPK14/p38 signalling cascade were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Wöhnke
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gwenny Cackett
- Institute for Structural and Molecular Biology, Darwin Building, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Finn Werner
- Institute for Structural and Molecular Biology, Darwin Building, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sandra Blome
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas C. Mettenleiter
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Axel Karger
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-38351-7-1247
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Youseif SH, Abdel-Fatah HMK, Khalil MS. A new source of bacterial myrosinase isolated from endophytic Bacillus sp. NGB-B10, and its relevance in biological control activity. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:215. [PMID: 36056962 PMCID: PMC9440883 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03385-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Plant metabolism interacts strongly with the plant microbiome. Glucosinolates, secondary metabolites synthesized by Brassica plants, are hydrolyzed by myrosinase into bioactive compounds of great importance in human health and plant protection. Compared with myrosinase from plant sources, myrosinase enzymes of microbial origin have not been extensively investigated. Therefore, seven endophytic strains corresponding to Bacillus sp. were isolated from Eruca vesicaria ssp. sativa plants that could hydrolyse glucosinolates (sinigrin) in the culture medium and showed myrosinase activity (0.08–19.92 U mL−1). The bglA myrosinase-related gene encoding the 6-phospho-β-glucosidase (GH 1) from Bacillus sp. NGB-B10, the most active myrosinase-producing bacterium, was successfully identified. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to statistically optimize culture conditions for myrosinase production from Bacillus sp. strain NGB-B10. The Plackett–Burman design indicated that nitrogen concentration, incubation period, and agitation speed were the significant parameters in myrosinase production. The application of the Box–Behnken design of RSM resulted in a 10.03-fold increase in enzyme activity as compared to the non-optimized culture conditions. The myrosinase was partially purified by 40% fractionation followed by SDS-PAGE analysis which yielded two subunits that had a molecular weight of 38.6 and 35.0 KDa. The purified enzyme was stable under a broad range of pH (5.5–10) and temperatures (10–65 °C). The hydrolysis products released by bacterial myrosinase from some glucosinolate extracts had higher and/or equivalent in vitro antagonistic activity against several phytopathogenic fungi compared to the nystatin (a broad-spectrum antifungal agent). This study provides original information about a new source of bacterial myrosinase and affords an optimized method to enhance myrosinase production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh H Youseif
- Department of Microbial Genetic Resources, National Gene Bank, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, 12619, Egypt. .,Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th October, Giza, 12451, Egypt.
| | - Hanan M K Abdel-Fatah
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Mary S Khalil
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
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Hormozi Jangi SR, Akhond M. Introducing a covalent thiol-based protected immobilized acetylcholinesterase with enhanced enzymatic performances for biosynthesis of esters. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tykhonenko T, Guzyk M, Tykhomyrov A, Korsa V, Yanitska L, Kuchmerovska T. Modulatory effects of vitamin B3 and its derivative on the levels of apoptotic and vascular regulators and cytoskeletal proteins in diabetic rat brain as signs of neuroprotection. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130207. [PMID: 35882257 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beneficial effects of nicotinamide (NAm) and its derivates have been earlier shown in animal models of diabetes mellitus (DM), but the mechanisms of their neuroprotective activities are still largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate if NAm and conjugate of nicotinic acid with gamma-aminobutyric acid (N-GABA) are able to modulate expression levels of apoptosis regulators, angiogenesis-related molecules, and specific cytoskeletal proteins in diabetic rat brain. METHODS After six weeks of streptozotocin induced type 1 DM, rats were daily administered either by NAm (100 mg/kg) or N-GABA (55 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for two weeks. Protein levels were assessed by western blot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Both NAm and N-GABA down-regulated NF-κB and Bax levels in diabetic rat brain, suggesting their anti-apoptotic activities. Tested compounds normalized VEGF and nNOS contents improving pro-angiogenic signaling reduced by hyperglycemia. Western blot showed marked up-regulation of astroglial marker GFAP and lowering neurofilament protein levels in DM group, confirmed immunohistochemically, indicating the development of reactive astrogliosis as a major response to diabetes-induced neurodegeneration. NAm had no effects on GFAP and Nf-L levels in the diabetic brain, while N-GABA increased their expression. Inversely, NAm and N-GABA dramatically reduced enhanced levels of GFAP and Nf-L found in the blood serum of diabetic rats, providing for the first time strong evidence for preserving blood-brain barrier integrity by studied compounds. CONCLUSION Thus, NAm and N-GABA may exert neuroprotective effects by decreasing pro-apoptotic regulators levels and improving expression of angiogenic and cytoskeletal proteins impaired by hyperglycemia in rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Tykhonenko
- Department of Vitamin and Coenzyme Biochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine
| | - Mykhailo Guzyk
- Department of Vitamin and Coenzyme Biochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine
| | - Artem Tykhomyrov
- Department of Enzyme Chemistry and Biochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine
| | - Victoria Korsa
- Department of Enzyme Chemistry and Biochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine
| | - Lesya Yanitska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Tamara Kuchmerovska
- Department of Vitamin and Coenzyme Biochemistry, Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine.
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The Role of Acetate Kinase in the Human Parasite Entamoeba histolytica. PARASITOLOGIA (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 2:147-159. [PMID: 36872919 PMCID: PMC9983610 DOI: 10.3390/parasitologia2020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The human parasite Entamoeba histolytica, which causes approximately 100 million cases of amoebic dysentery each year, relies on glycolysis as the major source of ATP production from glucose as it lacks a citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Ethanol and acetate, the two major glycolytic end products for E. histolytica, are produced at a ratio of 2:1 under anaerobic conditions, creating an imbalance between NADH production and utilization. In this study we investigated the role of acetate kinase (ACK) in acetate production during glycolysis in E. histolytica metabolism. Analysis of intracellular and extracellular metabolites demonstrated that acetate levels were unaffected in an ACK RNAi cell line, but acetyl-CoA levels and the NAD+/NADH ratio were significantly elevated. Moreover, we demonstrated that glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase catalyzes the ACK-dependent conversion of acetaldehyde to acetyl phosphate in E. histolytica. We propose that ACK is not a major contributor to acetate production, but instead provides a mechanism for maintaining the NAD+/NADH balance during ethanol production in the extended glycolytic pathway.
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Karimi F, Hamidian Y, Behrouzifar F, Mostafazadeh R, Ghorbani-HasanSaraei A, Alizadeh M, Mortazavi SM, Janbazi M, Naderi Asrami P. An applicable method for extraction of whole seeds protein and its determination through Bradford's method. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 164:113053. [PMID: 35460823 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of protein content of food is necessary for quality control and is essential for precise labeling. Protein analysis is an issue of great economic and social fondness. Cereals are one of the most important sources of protein in food, livestock and poultry feed. In this article, the technique of extracting protein in 4 types of grains and measuring it by the Bradford method is discussed. The results obtained from this method are compared with the data obtained by the Kjeldahl method. This comparison showed that the Bradford method is more accurate in measuring proteins. Extraction of protein using NaOH at pH 13 can be used as a modified method to release proteins in soybean meal and consequently a Fast and accurate high-performance laboratory determination method for protein content via the Bradford method. The optimum pH value was identified as that of 13 in optimum temperature 40 °C for maximum protein extraction yield (43.6%, w/w). The new method used in this paper has resulted in the measurement of grain protein in the shortest time and with the least toxicity and the highest accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Karimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, Iran.
| | - Yasamin Hamidian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Behrouzifar
- Skills and Entrepreneurship College, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran; Nikan Salamat Kemend Khazar, Sari, Iran.
| | - Reza Mostafazadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Marzieh Alizadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Laboratory of Basic Sciences, Mohammad Rasul Allah Research Tower, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, 71348-14336, Iran.
| | - Seyed-Morteza Mortazavi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran.
| | - Mobina Janbazi
- Department of Chemistry, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
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López-Bellón S, Rodríguez-López S, González-Reyes JA, Burón MI, de Cabo R, Villalba JM. CYB5R3 overexpression preserves skeletal muscle mitochondria and autophagic signaling in aged transgenic mice. GeroScience 2022; 44:2223-2241. [PMID: 35527283 PMCID: PMC9616997 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00574-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome b5 reductase 3 (CYB5R3) overexpression activates respiratory metabolism and exerts prolongevity effects in transgenic mice, mimicking some of the salutary effects of calorie restriction. The aim of our study was to understand how CYB5R3 overexpression targets key pathways that modulate the rate of aging in skeletal muscle, a postmitotic tissue with a greater contribution to resting energy expenditure. Mitochondrial function, autophagy and mitophagy markers were evaluated in mouse hind limb skeletal muscles from young-adult (7 months old) and old (24 months old) males of wild-type and CYB5R3-overexpressing genotypes. Ultrastructure of subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar mitochondria was studied by electron microscopy in red gastrocnemius. CYB5R3, which was efficiently overexpressed and targeted to skeletal muscle mitochondria regardless of age, increased the abundance of complexes I, II, and IV in old mice and prevented the age-related decrease of complexes I, III, IV, and V and the mitofusin MFN-2. ATP was significantly decreased by aging, which was prevented by CYB5R3 overexpression. Coenzyme Q and the mitochondrial biogenesis markers TFAM and NRF-1 were also significantly diminished by aging, but CYB5R3 overexpression did not protect against these declines. Both aging and CYB5R3 overexpression upregulated SIRT3 and the mitochondrial fission markers FIS1 and DRP-1, although with different outcomes on mitochondrial ultrastructure: old wild-type mice exhibited mitochondrial fragmentation whereas CYB5R3 overexpression increased mitochondrial size in old transgenic mice concomitant with an improvement of autophagic recycling. Interventions aimed at stimulating CYB5R3 could represent a valuable strategy to counteract the deleterious effects of aging in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara López-Bellón
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología E Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, 3ª planta, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 14014, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Sandra Rodríguez-López
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología E Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, 3ª planta, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 14014, Cordoba, Spain
| | - José A González-Reyes
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología E Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, 3ª planta, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 14014, Cordoba, Spain
| | - M Isabel Burón
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología E Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, 3ª planta, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 14014, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - José M Villalba
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología E Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, 3ª planta, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 14014, Cordoba, Spain.
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Rashidieh B, Ansari AM, Behdani M, Darvishi B, Habibi-Anbouhi M. Extremely low frequency magnetic field enhances expression of a specific recombinant protein in bacterial host. Anal Biochem 2022; 652:114745. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jarockyte G, Poderys V, Barzda V, Karabanovas V, Rotomskis R. Blood Plasma Stabilized Gold Nanoclusters for Personalized Tumor Theranostics. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081887. [PMID: 35454798 PMCID: PMC9030650 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer is a disease that has a high fatality rate over the world. Nanotechnology is one of the most promising current approaches for developing novel diagnostic and treatment methods in accomplishing more personalized medicine. Personalized gold nanoclusters have potential to be used in cancer theranostics. We demonstrate that biocompatible gold nanoclusters could be synthesized directly in human blood plasma. Such gold nanoclusters have a wide photoluminescence band in the optical tissue window and generate reactive oxygen species under irradiation with visible light, thus are suitable for cancer theranostics. Abstract Personalized cancer theranostics has a potential to increase efficiency of early cancer diagnostics and treatment, and to reduce negative side-effects. Protein-stabilized gold nanoclusters may serve as theranostic agents. To make gold nanoclusters personalized and highly biocompatible, the clusters were stabilized with human plasma proteins. Optical properties of synthesized nanoclusters were investigated spectroscopically, and possible biomedical application was evaluated using standard cell biology methods. The spectroscopic investigations of human plasma proteins stabilized gold nanoclusters revealed that a wide photoluminescence band in the optical tissue window is suitable for cancer diagnostics. High-capacity generation of singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species was also observed. Furthermore, the cluster accumulation in cancer cells and the photodynamic effect were evaluated. The results demonstrate that plasma proteins stabilized gold nanoclusters that accumulate in breast cancer cells and are non-toxic in the dark, while appear phototoxic under irradiation with visible light. The results positively confirm the utility of plasma protein stabilized gold nanoclusters for the use in cancer diagnostics and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Jarockyte
- Biomedical Physics Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; (G.J.); (V.P.); (R.R.)
- Life Science Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Laser Research Center, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Vilius Poderys
- Biomedical Physics Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; (G.J.); (V.P.); (R.R.)
| | - Virginijus Barzda
- Laser Research Center, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania;
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Toronto, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Vitalijus Karabanovas
- Biomedical Physics Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; (G.J.); (V.P.); (R.R.)
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Correspondence:
| | - Ricardas Rotomskis
- Biomedical Physics Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania; (G.J.); (V.P.); (R.R.)
- Laser Research Center, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania;
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Reinmuth-Selzle K, Tchipilov T, Backes AT, Tscheuschner G, Tang K, Ziegler K, Lucas K, Pöschl U, Fröhlich-Nowoisky J, Weller MG. Determination of the protein content of complex samples by aromatic amino acid analysis, liquid chromatography-UV absorbance, and colorimetry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:4457-4470. [PMID: 35320366 PMCID: PMC9142416 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03910-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fast and accurate determination of the protein content of a sample is an important and non-trivial task of many biochemical, biomedical, food chemical, pharmaceutical, and environmental research activities. Different methods of total protein determination are used for a wide range of proteins with highly variable properties in complex matrices. These methods usually work reasonably well for proteins under controlled conditions, but the results for non-standard and complex samples are often questionable. Here, we compare new and well-established methods, including traditional amino acid analysis (AAA), aromatic amino acid analysis (AAAA) based on the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine, reversed-phase liquid chromatography of intact proteins with UV absorbance measurements at 220 and 280 nm (LC-220, LC-280), and colorimetric assays like Coomassie Blue G-250 dye-binding assay (Bradford) and bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay. We investigated different samples, including proteins with challenging properties, chemical modifications, mixtures, and complex matrices like air particulate matter and pollen extracts. All methods yielded accurate and precise results for the protein and matrix used for calibration. AAA, AAAA with fluorescence detection, and the LC-220 method yielded robust results even under more challenging conditions (variable analytes and matrices). These methods turned out to be well-suited for reliable determination of the protein content in a wide range of samples, such as air particulate matter and pollen. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teodor Tchipilov
- Division 1.5 Protein Analysis, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna T. Backes
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Georg Tscheuschner
- Division 1.5 Protein Analysis, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Tang
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kira Ziegler
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kurt Lucas
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Pöschl
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Michael G. Weller
- Division 1.5 Protein Analysis, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Liu J, Kan M, Zhang L, Yue Y, Wang S, Hong M, Hong X. Rapid Degradation of SARS-CoV-2 Spike S Protein by A Specific Serine Protease. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27061882. [PMID: 35335246 PMCID: PMC8954242 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The S protein of SARS-CoV-2 is a crucial structural and functional component for virus entry. Due to the constant mutation of the virus, there are very limited ways to prevent and control COVID-19. This experiment used a macroscopic SDS-PAGE method and proved that the S protein of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 virus, especially the S1 subunit, is very sensitive to alkaline serine protease with acidic pI (ASPNJ), NJ represents Neanthes japonica (Izuka) from which ASP is purified). ASPNJ cleaves proteins when the carbonyl group of the peptide bond is contributed by arginine or lysine. ASPNJ can degrade the S protein very quickly and effectively in vitro with relative selectivity. It can be inferred that the S, S1 and RBD of SARS-CoV-2 variants can also be easily degraded by ASPNJ. This rapid and strong degradation of the S protein by ASPNJ may become a potential new treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankai Liu
- Biochemistry Department, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (J.L.); (M.K.); (L.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Mujie Kan
- Biochemistry Department, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (J.L.); (M.K.); (L.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Lianzhi Zhang
- Biochemistry Department, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (J.L.); (M.K.); (L.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Yuan Yue
- Laboratory of Medical Biology Center, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China;
| | - Min Hong
- Biochemistry Department, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; (J.L.); (M.K.); (L.Z.); (M.H.)
| | - Xinyu Hong
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Neurosurgery Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-135-9640-0500
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46
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Insights into the composition, structure-function relationship, and molecular organization of surfactants from spent coffee grounds. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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47
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Tang JC, Lee CH, Lu T, Vankayala R, Hanley T, Azubuogu C, Li J, Nair MG, Jia W, Anvari B. Membrane Cholesterol Enrichment of Red Blood Cell-Derived Microparticles Results in Prolonged Circulation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:650-660. [PMID: 35006664 PMCID: PMC9924066 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Particles fabricated from red blood cells (RBCs) can serve as vehicles for delivery of various biomedical cargos. Flipping of phosphatidylserine (PS) from the inner to the outer membrane leaflet normally occurs during the fabrication of such particles. PS externalization is a signal for phagocytic removal of the particles from circulation. Herein, we demonstrate that membrane cholesterol enrichment can mitigate the outward display of PS on microparticles engineered from RBCs. Our in-vitro results show that the phagocytic uptake of cholesterol-enriched particles by murine macrophages takes place at a lowered rate, resulting in reduced uptake as compared to RBC-derived particles without cholesterol enrichment. When administered via tail-vein injection into healthy mice, the percent of injected dose (ID) per gram of extracted blood for cholesterol-enriched particles was ∼1.5 and 1.8 times higher than the particles without cholesterol enrichment at 4 and 24 h, respectively. At 24 h, ∼43% ID/g of the particles without cholesterol enrichment was eliminated or metabolized while ∼94% ID/g of the cholesterol-enriched particles were still retained in the body. These results indicate that membrane cholesterol enrichment is an effective method to reduce PS externalization on the surface of RBC-derived particles and increase their longevity in circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack C. Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States; Present Address: University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Chi-Hua Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Thompson Lu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Raviraj Vankayala
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States; Present Address: Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342037, India
| | - Taylor Hanley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Chiemerie Azubuogu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92023, United States
| | - Jiang Li
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Meera G. Nair
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Wangcun Jia
- Beckman Laser Institute & Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92617, United States
| | - Bahman Anvari
- Department of Bioengineering and Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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Darkaoui B, Lafnoune A, Chgoury F, Daoudi K, Chakir S, Mounaji K, Karkouri M, Cadi R, Naoual O. Induced pathophysiological alterations by the venoms of the most dangerous Moroccan scorpions Androctonus mauretanicus and Buthus occitanus: A comparative pathophysiological and toxic-symptoms study. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271211072872. [PMID: 35130762 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211072872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Scorpion envenomation is a serious public health issue. Androctonus mauretanicus (Am) and Buthus occitanus (Bo) are the most dangerous scorpions in Morocco. Despite their medical relevance, no study has yet related their kinetics of symptom apparition and the consequent tissue disorders at the same interval post-injection. This work achieved the first comparative pathophysiological and toxic-symptoms study between the Am and Bo venoms from a biochemical, toxicological and physiopathological standpoint. The activity of venoms and their subletal dose were determined by administration of increasing concentrations of the venoms. 30, 60 and 120 min following the experimental envenomation in mice, the profile of clinical symptoms was underlined and the main organs: brain, heart, lungs, liver and kidneys were removed for histological examination. The Am venom is a rich source of proteins and three-times more toxic than the Bo. The most observed clinical symptoms are neurological and cardiopulmonary. The Am venom caused histopathological alterations at 30, 60, and 120 min which were more important than the Bo. This study highlighted that both venoms exhibited a strong toxicity with variable intensities. Moreover, we showed the presence of correlation between the level of histopathological disorders observed and the intensity of signs appeared at the same time following venom inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bouchra Darkaoui
- Laboratory of Venoms and Toxins, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Physiopathology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Ayoub Lafnoune
- Laboratory of Venoms and Toxins, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Physiopathology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Fatima Chgoury
- Laboratory of Venoms and Toxins, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Khadija Daoudi
- Laboratory of Venoms and Toxins, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Physiopathology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Salma Chakir
- Laboratory of Venoms and Toxins, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Khadija Mounaji
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Physiopathology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mehdi Karkouri
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, 107900University Hospital of Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Rachida Cadi
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Physiopathology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Oukkache Naoual
- Laboratory of Venoms and Toxins, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco
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Effect of Propionic Acid on Diabetes-Induced Impairment of Unfolded Protein Response Signaling and Astrocyte/Microglia Crosstalk in Rat Ventromedial Nucleus of the Hypothalamus. Neural Plast 2022; 2022:6404964. [PMID: 35103058 PMCID: PMC8800605 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6404964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim was to investigate the influence of propionic acid (PA) on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), unfolded protein response (UPR) state, and astrocyte/microglia markers in rat ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) after type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods Male Wistar rats were divided: (1) control, (2) T2DM, and groups that received the following (14 days, orally): (3) metformin (60 mg/kg), (4) PA (60 mg/kg), and (5) PA+metformin. Western blotting, RT-PCR, transmission electron microscopy, and immunohistochemical staining were performed. Results We found T2DM-associated enlargement of ER cisterns, while drug administration slightly improved VMH ultrastructural signs of damage. GRP78 level was 2.1-fold lower in T2DM vs. control. Metformin restored GRP78 to control, while PA increased it by 2.56-fold and metformin+PA—by 3.28-fold vs. T2DM. PERK was elevated by 3.61-fold in T2DM, after metformin—by 4.98-fold, PA—5.64-fold, and metformin+PA—3.01-fold vs. control. A 2.45-fold increase in ATF6 was observed in T2DM. Metformin decreased ATF6 content vs. T2DM. Interestingly, PA exerted a more pronounced lowering effect on ATF6, while combined treatment restored ATF6 to control. IRE1 increased in T2DM (2.4-fold), metformin (1.99-fold), and PA (1.45-fold) groups vs. control, while metformin+PA fully normalized its content. The Iba1 level was upregulated in T2DM (5.44-fold) and metformin groups (6.88-fold). Despite PA treatment leading to a further 8.9-fold Iba1 elevation, PA+metformin caused the Iba1 decline vs. metformin and PA treatment. GFAP level did not change in T2DM but rose in metformin and PA groups vs. control. PA+metformin administration diminished GFAP vs. PA. T2DM-induced changes were associated with dramatically decreased ZO-1 levels, while PA treatment increased it almost to control values. Conclusions T2DM-induced UPR imbalance, activation of microglia, and impairments in cell integrity may trigger VMH dysfunction. Drug administration slightly improved ultrastructural changes in VMH, normalized UPR, and caused an astrocyte activation. PA and metformin exerted beneficial effects for counteracting diabetes-induced ER stress in VMH.
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50
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Day C, Langfald A, Hinchcliffe EH. Using Microinjection of Mammalian Cultured Cells to Study Cell Division. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2415:105-122. [PMID: 34972949 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1904-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of macromolecules directly into individual cells by microinjection is an important technique for manipulating mitotic cells. mRNA, purified proteins, or concentrated antibodies can all be injected directly into a single cell, and their effects monitored by live-cell imaging. The equipment necessary is relatively simple, and the technique can be easily mastered. Here we describe our microinjection setup, how to microinject cultured mammalian cells in mitosis, and how to analyze those cells by same-cell live and fixed imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Day
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
- Neuro-Oncology Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alyssa Langfald
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Edward H Hinchcliffe
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA.
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