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Romano IR, D’Angeli F, Gili E, Fruciano M, Lombardo GAG, Mannino G, Vicario N, Russo C, Parenti R, Vancheri C, Giuffrida R, Pellitteri R, Lo Furno D. Melatonin Enhances Neural Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4891. [PMID: 38732109 PMCID: PMC11084714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) are adult multipotent stem cells, able to differentiate toward neural elements other than cells of mesodermal lineage. The aim of this research was to test ASC neural differentiation using melatonin combined with conditioned media (CM) from glial cells. Isolated from the lipoaspirate of healthy donors, ASCs were expanded in a basal growth medium before undergoing neural differentiation procedures. For this purpose, CM obtained from olfactory ensheathing cells and from Schwann cells were used. In some samples, 1 µM of melatonin was added. After 1 and 7 days of culture, cells were studied using immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry to evaluate neural marker expression (Nestin, MAP2, Synapsin I, GFAP) under different conditions. The results confirmed that a successful neural differentiation was achieved by glial CM, whereas the addition of melatonin alone did not induce appreciable changes. When melatonin was combined with CM, ASC neural differentiation was enhanced, as demonstrated by a further improvement of neuronal marker expression, whereas glial differentiation was attenuated. A dynamic modulation was also observed, testing the expression of melatonin receptors. In conclusion, our data suggest that melatonin's neurogenic differentiation ability can be usefully exploited to obtain neuronal-like differentiated ASCs for potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Roberta Romano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (I.R.R.); (N.V.); (C.R.); (R.P.); (R.G.); (D.L.F.)
| | - Floriana D’Angeli
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy;
| | - Elisa Gili
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (E.G.); (M.F.); (C.V.)
| | - Mary Fruciano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (E.G.); (M.F.); (C.V.)
| | | | - Giuliana Mannino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Nunzio Vicario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (I.R.R.); (N.V.); (C.R.); (R.P.); (R.G.); (D.L.F.)
| | - Cristina Russo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (I.R.R.); (N.V.); (C.R.); (R.P.); (R.G.); (D.L.F.)
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (I.R.R.); (N.V.); (C.R.); (R.P.); (R.G.); (D.L.F.)
| | - Carlo Vancheri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (E.G.); (M.F.); (C.V.)
| | - Rosario Giuffrida
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (I.R.R.); (N.V.); (C.R.); (R.P.); (R.G.); (D.L.F.)
| | - Rosalia Pellitteri
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, 95126 Catania, Italy;
| | - Debora Lo Furno
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (I.R.R.); (N.V.); (C.R.); (R.P.); (R.G.); (D.L.F.)
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2
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Huang H, Liu J, Li M, Guo H, Zhu J, Zhu L, Wu S, Mo K, Huang Y, Tan J, Chen C, Wang B, Yu Y, Wang L, Liu Y, Ouyang H. Cis-regulatory chromatin loops analysis identifies GRHL3 as a master regulator of surface epithelium commitment. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo5668. [PMID: 35857527 PMCID: PMC9278850 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo5668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the regulatory network of cell fate acquisition remains a major challenge. Using the induction of surface epithelium (SE) from human embryonic stem cells as a paradigm, we show that the dynamic changes in morphology-related genes (MRGs) closely correspond to SE fate transitions. The marked remodeling of cytoskeleton indicates the initiation of SE differentiation. By integrating promoter interactions, epigenomic features, and transcriptome, we delineate an SE-specific cis-regulatory network and identify grainyhead-like 3 (GRHL3) as an initiation factor sufficient to drive SE commitment. Mechanically, GRHL3 primes the SE chromatin accessibility landscape and activates SE-initiating gene expression. In addition, the evaluation of GRHL3-mediated promoter interactions unveils a positive feedback loop of GRHL3 and bone morphogenetic protein 4 on SE fate decisions. Our work proposes a concept that MRGs could be used to identify cell fate transitions and provides insights into regulatory principles of SE lineage development and stem cell-based regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jiafeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Mingsen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Huizhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Liqiong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Siqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Kunlun Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jieying Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Chaoqun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Bofeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yankun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Hong Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
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Hou K, Meng C, Huang Y, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Lü X. A Research on the Role and Mechanism of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors in the Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on the Electrical Excitability of Hippocampal Neuronal Networks. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to explore the role and mechanism of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the effects of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) on the electrical excitability of hippocampal neuronal networks. First, the cytotoxicity of different concentrations of SNPs was evaluated
and screened by MTT experiment, then the Voltage Threshold Measurement Method (VTMM) was employed to study the effects of SNPs on the electrical excitability of hippocampal neuronal networks under non-cytotoxic (5 μM) and cytotoxic (100 μM) concentrations after different
action times. The role of NMDA receptors in the effects of SNPs on the electrical excitability of hippocampal neuronal networks was investigated through the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801. Then, the effects of SNPs on the number of NMDA receptors and the Ca2+ content in hippocampal
neurons were further investigated, and the relationship between these changes and neuronal networks electrical excitability was discussed. The results of voltage threshold (VTh) test showed that non-cytotoxic 5 μM SNPs has an excitatory effect on hippocampal neuronal
networks, while the effect of cytotoxic 100 μM SNPs gradually changed from excitatory to inhibitory with the extension of action time. It was found that SNPs could increase the electrical excitability of neuronal networks by activating NMDA receptors through the experiments with
MK-801 antagonists. Moreover, the fluorescent staining experiments showed that the activation of NMDA receptors by SNPs can lead to an increase in the intracellular Ca2+ content, and then trigger a negative feedback regulation mechanism of neurons between the number of NMDA receptors
and intracellular Ca2+ content. The high Ca2+ content in neurons can also decrease neurons’ cell viability, which in turn leads to changes in the electrical excitability of the neuronal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
| | - Chen Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
| | - Zequn Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
| | - Zhigong Wang
- Institute of RF- & OE-ICs, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, PR China
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Durnaoglu S, Lee SK, Ahnn J. Human Endogenous Retroviruses as Gene Expression Regulators: Insights from Animal Models into Human Diseases. Mol Cells 2021; 44:861-878. [PMID: 34963103 PMCID: PMC8718366 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.5016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The human genome contains many retroviral elements called human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), resulting from the integration of retroviruses throughout evolution. HERVs once were considered inactive junk because they are not replication-competent, primarily localized in the heterochromatin, and silenced by methylation. But HERVs are now clearly shown to actively regulate gene expression in various physiological and pathological conditions such as developmental processes, immune regulation, cancers, autoimmune diseases, and neurological disorders. Recent studies report that HERVs are activated in patients suffering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the current pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection. In this review, we describe internal and external factors that influence HERV activities. We also present evidence showing the gene regulatory activity of HERV LTRs (long terminal repeats) in model organisms such as mice, rats, zebrafish, and invertebrate models of worms and flies. Finally, we discuss several molecular and cellular pathways involving various transcription factors and receptors, through which HERVs affect downstream cellular and physiological events such as epigenetic modifications, calcium influx, protein phosphorylation, and cytokine release. Understanding how HERVs participate in various physiological and pathological processes will help develop a strategy to generate effective therapeutic approaches targeting HERVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serpen Durnaoglu
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Sun-Kyung Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Joohong Ahnn
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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5
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Zhou XM, Liu CY, Liu YY, Ma QY, Zhao X, Jiang YM, Li XJ, Chen JX. Xiaoyaosan Alleviates Hippocampal Glutamate-Induced Toxicity in the CUMS Rats via NR2B and PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:586788. [PMID: 33912031 PMCID: PMC8075411 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.586788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: It is revealed that Xiaoyaosan could reduce glutamate level in the hippocampus of depressed rats, whose metabolism leads to the pathophysiology of depression. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to explore the effect of Xiaoyaosan on glutamate metabolism, and how to regulate the excitatory injury caused by glutamate. Methods: Rats were induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress, then divided into control, vehicle (distilled water), Xiaoyaosan, fluoxetine, vehicle (DMSO), Xiaoyaosan + Ly294002 and Ly294002 groups. Ly294002 was microinjected into the lateral ventricular catheterization at 5 mM. Xiaoyaosan (2.224 g/kg) and fluoxetine (2.0 mg/kg) were orally administered for three weeks. The open field test (OFT), forced swimming test (FST), and sucrose preference test (SPT) were used to assess depressive behavior. The glutamate and corticosterone (CORT) levels were detected by ELISA. Western blot, immunochemistry or immunofluorescence were used to detect the expressions of NR2B, MAP2, PI3K and P-AKT/Akt in the hippocampal CA1 region. The mRNA level of MAP2, NR2B and PI3K were detected by RT-qPCR. Results: Compared to the rats in control group, body weight and food intake of CUMS rats was decreased. CUMS rats also showed depression-like behavior as well as down regulate the NR2B and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Xiaoyaosan treatments could increase food intake and body weight as well as improved time spent in the central area, total distance traveled in the OFT. Xiaoyaosan could also decrease the immobility time as well as increase the sucrose preference in SPT. Moreover, xiaoyaosan decreased the level of glutamate in the hippocampal CA1 region and serum CORT in CUMS rats. Furthermore, xiaoyaosan improved the expression of MAP2 as well as increased the expression of NR2B, PI3K and the P-AKT/AKT ratio in the hippocampal CA1 region in the CUMS rats. Conclusion: Xiaoyaosan treatment can exert the antidepressant effect by rescuing hippocampal neurons loss induced by the glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity in CUMS rats. The underlying pathway maybe through NR2B and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. These results may suggest the potential of Xiaoyaosan in preventing the development of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ming Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Haerbin, China
| | - Chen-Yue Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Yun Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Yu Ma
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - You-Ming Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Li
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xiao-Juan Li, ; Jia-Xu Chen,
| | - Jia-Xu Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xiao-Juan Li, ; Jia-Xu Chen,
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6
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Laplace-Builhé B, Bahraoui S, Jorgensen C, Djouad F. From the Basis of Epimorphic Regeneration to Enhanced Regenerative Therapies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:605120. [PMID: 33585444 PMCID: PMC7873919 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.605120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Current cell-based therapies to treat degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis (OA) fail to offer long-term beneficial effects. The therapeutic effects provided by mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) injection, characterized by reduced pain and an improved functional activity in patients with knee OA, are reported at short-term follow-up since the improved outcomes plateau or, even worse, decline several months after MSC administration. This review tackles the limitations of MSC-based therapy for degenerative diseases and highlights the lessons learned from regenerative species to comprehend the coordination of molecular and cellular events critical for complex regeneration processes. We discuss how MSC injection generates a positive cascade of events resulting in a long-lasting systemic immune regulation with limited beneficial effects on tissue regeneration while in regenerative species fine-tuned inflammation is required for progenitor cell proliferation, differentiation, and regeneration. Finally, we stress the direct or indirect involvement of neural crest derived cells (NCC) in most if not all adult regenerative models studied so far. This review underlines the regenerative potential of NCC and the limitations of MSC-based therapy to open new avenues for the treatment of degenerative diseases such as OA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christian Jorgensen
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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7
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Increased neuritogenesis on ternary nanofiber matrices of PLCL and laminin decorated with black phosphorus. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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8
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Madsen SD, Giler MK, Bunnell BA, O'Connor KC. Illuminating the Regenerative Properties of Stem Cells In Vivo with Bioluminescence Imaging. Biotechnol J 2020; 16:e2000248. [PMID: 33089922 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical animal studies are essential to the development of safe and effective stem cell therapies. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is a powerful tool in animal studies that enables the real-time longitudinal monitoring of stem cells in vivo to elucidate their regenerative properties. This review describes the application of BLI in preclinical stem cell research to address critical challenges in producing successful stem cell therapeutics. These challenges include stem cell survival, proliferation, homing, stress response, and differentiation. The applications presented here utilize bioluminescence to investigate a variety of stem and progenitor cells in several different in vivo models of disease and implantation. An overview of luciferase reporters is provided, along with the advantages and disadvantages of BLI. Additionally, BLI is compared to other preclinical imaging modalities and potential future applications of this technology are discussed in emerging areas of stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean D Madsen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA.,Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Margaret K Giler
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA.,Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Bruce A Bunnell
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kim C O'Connor
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA.,Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
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9
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Microtubule Dysfunction: A Common Feature of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197354. [PMID: 33027950 PMCID: PMC7582320 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons are particularly susceptible to microtubule (MT) defects and deregulation of the MT cytoskeleton is considered to be a common insult during the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Evidence that dysfunctions in the MT system have a direct role in neurodegeneration comes from findings that several forms of neurodegenerative diseases are associated with changes in genes encoding tubulins, the structural units of MTs, MT-associated proteins (MAPs), or additional factors such as MT modifying enzymes which modulating tubulin post-translational modifications (PTMs) regulate MT functions and dynamics. Efforts to use MT-targeting therapeutic agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases are underway. Many of these agents have provided several benefits when tested on both in vitro and in vivo neurodegenerative model systems. Currently, the most frequently addressed therapeutic interventions include drugs that modulate MT stability or that target tubulin PTMs, such as tubulin acetylation. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the relevance of MT dysfunctions to the process of neurodegeneration and briefly discuss advances in the use of MT-targeting drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Wegner S, Uhlemann R, Boujon V, Ersoy B, Endres M, Kronenberg G, Gertz K. Endothelial Cell-Specific Transcriptome Reveals Signature of Chronic Stress Related to Worse Outcome After Mild Transient Brain Ischemia in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:1446-1458. [PMID: 31758402 PMCID: PMC7060977 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01822-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Vascular mechanisms underlying the adverse effects that depression and stress-related mental disorders have on stroke outcome are only partially understood. Identifying the transcriptomic signature of chronic stress in endothelium harvested from the ischemic brain is an important step towards elucidating the biological processes involved. Here, we subjected male 129S6/SvEv mice to a 28-day model of chronic stress. The ischemic lesion was quantified after 30 min filamentous middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) and 48 h reperfusion by T2-weighted MRI. RNA sequencing was used to profile transcriptomic changes in cerebrovascular endothelial cells (ECs) from the infarct. Mice subjected to the stress procedure displayed reduced weight gain, increased adrenal gland weight, and increased hypothalamic FKBP5 mRNA and protein expression. Chronic stress conferred increased lesion volume upon MCAo. Stress-exposed mice showed a higher number of differentially expressed genes between ECs isolated from the ipsilateral and contralateral hemisphere than control mice. The genes in question are enriched for roles in biological processes closely linked to endothelial proliferation and neoangiogenesis. MicroRNA-34a was associated with nine of the top 10 biological process Gene Ontology terms selectively enriched in ECs from stressed mice. Moreover, expression of mature miR-34a-5p and miR-34a-3p in ischemic brain tissue was positively related to infarct size and negatively related to sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) mRNA transcription. In conclusion, this study represents the first EC-specific transcriptomic analysis of chronic stress in brain ischemia. The stress signature uncovered relates to worse stroke outcome and is directly relevant to endothelial mechanisms in the pathogenesis of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Wegner
- Klinik für Neurologie, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ria Uhlemann
- Klinik für Neurologie, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Valérie Boujon
- Klinik für Neurologie, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Burcu Ersoy
- Klinik für Neurologie, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Endres
- Klinik für Neurologie, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Berlin, 10115, Berlin, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Golo Kronenberg
- Klinik für Neurologie, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,University of Leicester and Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Karen Gertz
- Klinik für Neurologie, Charité Campus Mitte, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Berlin, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
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11
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Somatostatin-Mediated Changes in Microtubule-Associated Proteins and Retinoic Acid–Induced Neurite Outgrowth in SH-SY5Y Cells. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 68:120-134. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01291-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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miR-484/MAP2/c-Myc-positive regulatory loop in glioma promotes tumor-initiating properties through ERK1/2 signaling. J Mol Histol 2018; 49:209-218. [PMID: 29480405 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-018-9760-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common intracranial malignant tumor. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and are closely related to cancer metastasis and recurrence. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of miR-484 on glioma stemness and the underlying mechanism involved. miR-484 enhanced glioma tumor-initiating properties in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, miR-484 was shown to directly target MAP2, resulting in activation of ERK1/2 signaling and promotion of stemness in glioma. The ERK1/2 signaling facilitated the formation of a miR-484/MAP2/c-Myc positive feedback loop in glioma. High miR-484 expression predicted a poor prognosis for glioma patients, and high MAP2 expression predicted a good prognosis for glioma patients. Low miR-484 expression and high MAP2 expression was associated with the best prognosis in glioma. Our study suggests that miR-484 and MAP2 can be utilized as predictors for the clinical diagnosis and prognosis of glioma, and miR-484 and MAP2 are potential targets for the treatment of glioma.
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13
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Ledda F, Paratcha G. Mechanisms regulating dendritic arbor patterning. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:4511-4537. [PMID: 28735442 PMCID: PMC11107629 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2588-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The nervous system is populated by diverse types of neurons, each of which has dendritic trees with strikingly different morphologies. These neuron-specific morphologies determine how dendritic trees integrate thousands of synaptic inputs to generate different firing properties. To ensure proper neuronal function and connectivity, it is necessary that dendrite patterns are precisely controlled and coordinated with synaptic activity. Here, we summarize the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate the formation of cell type-specific dendrite patterns during development. We focus on different aspects of vertebrate dendrite patterning that are particularly important in determining the neuronal function; such as the shape, branching, orientation and size of the arbors as well as the development of dendritic spine protrusions that receive excitatory inputs and compartmentalize postsynaptic responses. Additionally, we briefly comment on the implications of aberrant dendritic morphology for nervous system disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Ledda
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (IBCN)-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Paraguay 2155, 3rd Floor, CABA, 1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Paratcha
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Institute of Cell Biology and Neuroscience (IBCN)-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Paraguay 2155, 3rd Floor, CABA, 1121, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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14
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Dinsmore J, Ratliff J, Deacon T, Pakzaban P, Jacoby D, Galpern W, Isacson O. Embryonic Stem Cells Differentiated in Vitro as a Novel Source of Cells for Transplantation. Cell Transplant 2017; 5:131-43. [PMID: 8689027 DOI: 10.1177/096368979600500205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The controlled differentiation of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells into near homogeneous populations of both neurons and skeletal muscle cells that can survive and function in vivo after transplantation is reported. We show that treatment of pluripotent ES cells with retinoic acid (RA) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) induce differentiation of these cells into highly enriched populations of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) expressing neurons and skeletal myoblasts, respectively. For neuronal differentiation, RA alone is sufficient to induce ES cells to differentiate into neuronal cells that show properties of postmitotic neurons both in vitro and in vivo. In vivo function of RA-induced neuronal cells was demonstrated by transplantation into the quinolinic acid lesioned striatum of rats (a rat model for Huntington's disease), where cells integrated and survived for up to 6 wk. The response of embryonic stem cells to DMSO to form muscle was less dramatic than that observed for RA. DMSO-induced ES cells formed mixed populations of muscle cells composed of cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscle instead of homogeneous populations of a single muscle cell type. To determine whether the response of ES cells to DMSO induction could be further controlled, ES cells were stably transfected with a gene coding for the muscle-specific regulatory factor, MyoD. When induced with DMSO, ES cells constitutively expressing high levels of MyoD differentiated exclusively into skeletal myoblasts (no cardiac or smooth muscle cells) that fused to form myotubes capable of spontaneous contraction. Thus, the specific muscle cell type formed was controlled by the expression of MyoD. These results provided evidence that the specific cell type formed (whether it be muscle, neuronal, or other cell types) can be controlled in vitro. Further, these results demonstrated that ES cells can provide a source of multiple differentiated cell types that can be used for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dinsmore
- Diacrin, Inc., Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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15
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Gorelik A, Sapir T, Woodruff TM, Reiner O. Serping1/C1 Inhibitor Affects Cortical Development in a Cell Autonomous and Non-cell Autonomous Manner. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:169. [PMID: 28670268 PMCID: PMC5472692 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Current knowledge regarding regulation of radial neuronal migration is mainly focused on intracellular molecules. Our unbiased screen aimed at identification of non-cell autonomous mechanisms involved in this process detected differential expression of Serping1 or C1 inhibitor, which is known to inhibit the initiation of the complement cascade. The complement cascade is composed of three pathways; the classical, lectin, and the alternative pathway; the first two are inhibited by C1 inhibitor, and all three converge at the level of C3. Knockdown or knockout of Serping1 affected neuronal stem cell proliferation and impaired neuronal migration in mice. Knockdown of Serping1 by in utero electroporation resulted in a migration delay of the electroporated cells as well as their neighboring cells demonstrating a non-cell autonomous effect. Cellular polarity was also affected. Most importantly, expression of protein components mimicking cleaved C3 rescued the knockdown of Serping1, indicating complement pathway functionality. Furthermore, we propose that this activity is mediated mainly via the complement peptide C5a receptors. Whereas addition of a selective C3a receptor agonist was minimally effective, the addition of a dual C3aR/C5a receptor agonist significantly rescued Serping1 knockdown-mediated neuronal migration defects. Our findings suggest that modulating Serping1 levels in the developing brain may affect the complement pathway in a complex way. Collectively, our findings demonstrate an unorthodox activity for the complement pathway during brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gorelik
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot, Israel
| | - Tamar Sapir
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot, Israel
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of QueenslandSt Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Orly Reiner
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot, Israel
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16
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Blecker D, Elashry MI, Heimann M, Wenisch S, Arnhold S. New Insights into the Neural Differentiation Potential of Canine Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Anat Histol Embryol 2017; 46:304-315. [PMID: 28401575 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) can be obtained from different adipose tissue sources within the body. It is an abundant cell pool, easily accessible, suitable for cultivation and expansion in vitro and preparation for therapeutic approaches. Amongst these therapeutic approaches are tissue engineering and nervous system disorders such as spinal cord injuries. For such treatment, ASCs have to be reliably differentiated in to the neuronal direction. Therefore, we investigated the neural differentiation potential of ASCs using protocols with neurogenic inductors such as valproic acid and forskolin, while dog brain tissue served as control. Morphological changes could already be noticed 1 h after neuronal induction. Gene expression analysis revealed that the neuronal markers nestin and βIII-tubulin as well as MAP2 were expressed after induction of neuronal differentiation. Additionally, the expression of the neurotrophic factors NGF, BDNF and GDNF was determined. Some of the neuronal markers and neurotrophic factors were already expressed in undifferentiated cells. Our findings point out that ASCs can reliably be differentiated into the neuronal lineage; therefore, these cells are a suitable cell source for cell transplantation in disorders of the central nervous system. Follow-up studies would show the clinical benefit of these cells after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Blecker
- Institute of Veterinary-Anatomy, -Histology and -Embryology, University of Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 98., 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - M I Elashry
- Institute of Veterinary-Anatomy, -Histology and -Embryology, University of Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 98., 35392, Giessen, Germany.,Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - M Heimann
- Institute of Veterinary-Anatomy, -Histology and -Embryology, University of Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 98., 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - S Wenisch
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Small Animal Clinic c/o Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and -Embryology, University of Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 98., 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - S Arnhold
- Institute of Veterinary-Anatomy, -Histology and -Embryology, University of Giessen, Frankfurter Str. 98., 35392, Giessen, Germany
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17
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Balikov DA, Fang B, Chun YW, Crowder SW, Prasai D, Lee JB, Bolotin KI, Sung HJ. Directing lineage specification of human mesenchymal stem cells by decoupling electrical stimulation and physical patterning on unmodified graphene. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:13730-9. [PMID: 27411950 PMCID: PMC4959833 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr04400j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The organization and composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) have been shown to impact the propagation of electrical signals in multiple tissue types. To date, many studies with electroactive biomaterial substrates have relied upon passive electrical stimulation of the ionic media to affect cell behavior. However, development of cell culture systems in which stimulation can be directly applied to the material - thereby isolating the signal to the cell-material interface and cell-cell contracts - would provide a more physiologically-relevant paradigm for investigating how electrical cues modulate lineage-specific stem cell differentiation. In the present study, we have employed unmodified, directly-stimulated, (un)patterned graphene as a cell culture substrate to investigate how extrinsic electrical cycling influences the differentiation of naïve human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) without the bias of exogenous biochemicals. We first demonstrated that cyclic stimulation does not deteriorate the cell culture media or result in cytotoxic pH, which are critical experiments for correct interpretation of changes in cell behavior. We then measured how the expression of osteogenic and neurogenic lineage-specific markers were altered simply by exposure to electrical stimulation and/or physical patterns. Expression of the early osteogenic transcription factor RUNX2 was increased by electrical stimulation on all graphene substrates, but the mature marker osteopontin was only modulated when stimulation was combined with physical patterns. In contrast, the expression of the neurogenic markers MAP2 and β3-tubulin were enhanced in all electrical stimulation conditions, and were less responsive to the presence of patterns. These data indicate that specific combinations of non-biological inputs - material type, electrical stimulation, physical patterns - can regulate hMSC lineage specification. This study represents a substantial step in understanding how the interplay of electrophysical stimuli regulate stem cell behavior and helps to clarify the potential for graphene substrates in tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Balikov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Brian Fang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Young Wook Chun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Spencer W Crowder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Dhiraj Prasai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Jung Bok Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Kiril I Bolotin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Hak-Joon Sung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA and Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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18
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Peng KY, Lee YW, Hsu PJ, Wang HH, Wang Y, Liou JY, Hsu SH, Wu KK, Yen BL. Human pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show potent neurogenic capacity which is enhanced with cytoskeletal rearrangement. Oncotarget 2016; 7:43949-43959. [PMID: 27304057 PMCID: PMC5190070 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are paraxial mesodermal progenitors with potent immunomodulatory properties. Reports also indicate that MSCs can undergo neural-like differentiation, offering hope for use in neurodegenerative diseases. However, ex vivo expansion of these rare somatic stem cells for clinical use leads to cellular senescence. A newer source of MSCs derived from human pluripotent stem cells (PSC) can offer the 'best-of-both-worlds' scenario, abrogating the concern of teratoma formation while preserving PSC proliferative capacity. PSC-derived MSCs (PSC-MSCs) also represent MSCs at the earliest developmental stage, and we found that these MSCs harbor stronger neuro-differentiation capacity than post-natal MSCs. PSC-MSCs express higher levels of neural stem cell (NSC)-related genes and transcription factors than adult bone marrow MSCs at baseline, and rapidly differentiate into neural-like cells when cultured in either standard neurogenic differentiation medium (NDM) or when the cytoskeletal modulator RhoA kinase (ROCK) is inhibited. Interestingly, when NDM is combined with ROCK inhibition, PSC-MSCs undergo further commitment, acquiring characteristics of post-mitotic neurons including nuclear condensation, extensive dendritic growth, and neuron-restricted marker expression including NeuN, β-III-tubulin and Doublecortin. Our data demonstrates that PSC-MSCs have potent capacity to undergo neural differentiation and also implicate the important role of the cytoskeleton in neural lineage commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yen Peng
- 1 Department of Life Science, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan
- 2 Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Lee
- 2 Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ju Hsu
- 2 Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Huan Wang
- 2 Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yun Wang
- 3 Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, NHRI, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Yang Liou
- 2 Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Hui Hsu
- 4 Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kenneth K. Wu
- 5 Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - B. Linju Yen
- 2 Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan
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19
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Tabe S, Hikiji H, Ariyoshi W, Hashidate‐Yoshida T, Shindou H, Okinaga T, Shimizu T, Tominaga K, Nishihara T. Lysophosphatidylethanolamine acyltransferase 1/membrane‐bound
O
‐acyltransferase 1 regulates morphology and function of P19C6 cell‐derived neurons. FASEB J 2016; 30:2591-601. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500097r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shirou Tabe
- Division of Infections and Molecular BiologyDepartment of Health PromotionKyushu Dental UniversityKitakyushuJapan
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryDepartment of Science of Physical FunctionsKyushu Dental UniversityKitakyushuJapan
| | - Hisako Hikiji
- Department of Oral Functional ManagementKyushu Dental UniversityKitakyushuJapan
| | - Wataru Ariyoshi
- Division of Infections and Molecular BiologyDepartment of Health PromotionKyushu Dental UniversityKitakyushuJapan
| | - Tomomi Hashidate‐Yoshida
- Department of Lipid SignalingResearch InstituteNational Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Hideo Shindou
- Department of Lipid SignalingResearch InstituteNational Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
- Agency for Medical Research and Development‐Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (AMED‐CREST)TokyoJapan
| | - Toshinori Okinaga
- Division of Infections and Molecular BiologyDepartment of Health PromotionKyushu Dental UniversityKitakyushuJapan
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipid SignalingResearch InstituteNational Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of LipidomicsGraduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Kazuhiro Tominaga
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryDepartment of Science of Physical FunctionsKyushu Dental UniversityKitakyushuJapan
| | - Tatsuji Nishihara
- Division of Infections and Molecular BiologyDepartment of Health PromotionKyushu Dental UniversityKitakyushuJapan
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20
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Benedetti E, Di Loreto S, D'Angelo B, Cristiano L, d'Angelo M, Antonosante A, Fidoamore A, Golini R, Cinque B, Cifone MG, Ippoliti R, Giordano A, Cimini A. The PPARβ/δ Agonist GW0742 Induces Early Neuronal Maturation of Cortical Post-Mitotic Neurons: Role of PPARβ/δ in Neuronal Maturation. J Cell Physiol 2016. [PMID: 26206209 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidences support that signaling lipids participate in synaptic plasticity and cell survival, and that the lipid signaling is closely associated with neuronal differentiation, learning, and memory and with pathologic events, such as epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease. The Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPAR) are strongly involved in the fatty acid cell signaling, as many of the natural lypophylic compounds are PPAR ligands. We have previously shown that PPARβ/δ is the main isotype present in cortical neuron primary cultures and that during neuronal maturation, PPARβ/δ is gradually increased and activated. To get more insight into the molecular mechanism by which PPARβ/δ may be involved in neuronal maturation processes, in this work a specific PPARβ/δ agonist, GW0742 was used administered alone or in association with a specific PPARβ/δ antagonist, the GSK0660, and the parameters involved in neuronal differentiation and maturation were assayed. The data obtained demonstrated the strong involvement of PPARβ/δ in neuronal maturation, triggering the agonist an anticipation of neuronal differentiation, and the antagonist abolishing the observed effects. These effects appear to be mediated by the activation of BDNF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Benedetti
- Department of Life Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Loreto
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT)-CNR, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Barbara D'Angelo
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Loredana Cristiano
- Department of Life Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Michele d'Angelo
- Department of Life Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Antonosante
- Department of Life Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessia Fidoamore
- Department of Life Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Raffaella Golini
- Department of Life Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Benedetta Cinque
- Department of Life Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cifone
- Department of Life Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Ippoliti
- Department of Life Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS), Assergi, Italy
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21
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Lim HJ, Perera TH, Wilems TS, Ghosh S, Zheng YY, Azhdarinia A, Cao Q, Smith Callahan LA. Response to di-functionalized hyaluronic acid with orthogonal chemistry grafting at independent modification sites in rodent models of neural differentiation and spinal cord injury. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:6865-6875. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb01906d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid functionalized with two orthogonal chemistries at different targets expedites neural maturation in vitro, while reducing inflammation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Lim
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery
- McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- Houston
- USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine
| | - T. Hiran Perera
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery
- McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- Houston
- USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine
| | - Thomas S. Wilems
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery
- McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- Houston
- USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine
| | - Sukhen Ghosh
- Center for Molecular Imaging
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- Houston
- USA
| | - Yi-Yan Zheng
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery
- McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- Houston
- USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine
| | - Ali Azhdarinia
- Center for Molecular Imaging
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- Houston
- USA
| | - Qilin Cao
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery
- McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- Houston
- USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine
| | - Laura A. Smith Callahan
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery
- McGovern Medical School at University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
- Houston
- USA
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine
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22
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Mori Y, Inoue Y, Tanaka S, Doda S, Yamanaka S, Fukuchi H, Terada Y. Cep169, a Novel Microtubule Plus-End-Tracking Centrosomal Protein, Binds to CDK5RAP2 and Regulates Microtubule Stability. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140968. [PMID: 26485573 PMCID: PMC4613824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The centrosomal protein, CDK5RAP2, is a microcephaly protein that regulates centrosomal maturation by recruitment of a γ-tubulin ring complex (γ-TuRC) onto centrosomes. In this report, we identified a novel human centrosomal protein, Cep169, as a binding partner of CDK5RAP2, a member of microtubule plus-end-tracking proteins (+TIPs). Cep169 interacts directly with CDK5RAP2 through CM1, an evolutionarily conserved domain, and colocalizes at the pericentriolar matrix (PCM) around centrioles with CDK5RAP2. In addition, Cep169 interacts with EB1 through SxIP-motif responsible for EB1 binding, and colocalizes with CDK5RAP2 at the microtubule plus-end. EB1-binding–deficient Cep169 abolishes EB1 interaction and microtubule plus-end attachment, indicating Cep169 as a novel member of +TIPs. We further show that ectopic expression of either Cep169 or CDK5RAP2 induces microtubule bundling and acetylation in U2OS cells, and depletion of Cep169 induces microtubule depolymerization in HeLa cells, although Cep169 is not required for assembly of γ-tubulin onto centrosome by CDK5RAP2. These results show that Cep169 targets microtubule tips and regulates stability of microtubules with CDK5RAP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Mori
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Yoko Inoue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Sayori Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Satoka Doda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Shota Yamanaka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroki Fukuchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Terada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- * E-mail:
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23
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Ceci C, Barbaccia ML, Pistritto G. A not cytotoxic nickel concentration alters the expression of neuronal differentiation markers in NT2 cells. Neurotoxicology 2015; 47:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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24
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Strong Reduction of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor/Apolipoprotein E Expressions by Telmisartan in Cerebral Cortex and Hippocampus of Stroke Resistant Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2014; 23:2350-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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25
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Developmental study of the distribution of hypoxia-induced factor-1 alpha and microtubule-associated protein 2 in children’s brainstem: Comparison between controls and cases with signs of perinatal hypoxia. Neuroscience 2014; 271:77-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Pacal M, Bremner R. Induction of the ganglion cell differentiation program in human retinal progenitors before cell cycle exit. Dev Dyn 2014; 243:712-29. [PMID: 24339342 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the disease relevance, understanding of human retinal development lags behind that of other species. We compared the kinetics of gene silencing or induction during ganglion cell development in human and murine retina. RESULTS Induction of POU4F2 (BRN3B) marks ganglion cell commitment, and we detected this factor in S-phase progenitors that had already silenced Cyclin D1 and VSX2 (CHX10). This feature was conserved in human and mouse retina, and the fraction of Pou4f2+ murine progenitors labeled with a 30 min pulse of BrdU matched the fraction of ganglion cells predicted to be born in a half-hour period. Additional analysis of 18 markers revealed many with conserved kinetics, such as the POU4F2 pattern above, as well as the surprising maintenance of "cell cycle" proteins KI67, PCNA, and MCM6 well after terminal mitosis. However, four proteins (TUBB3, MTAP1B, UCHL1, and RBFOX3) showed considerably delayed induction in human relative to mouse retina, and two proteins (ISL1, CALB2) showed opposite kinetics, appearing on either side of terminal mitosis depending on the species. CONCLUSION With some notable exceptions, human and murine ganglion cell differentiation show similar kinetics, and the data add weight to prior studies supporting the existence of biased ganglion cell progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Pacal
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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González-Arenas A, Piña-Medina AG, González-Flores O, Galván-Rosas A, Camacho-Arroyo I. Sex hormones and expression pattern of cytoskeletal proteins in the rat brain throughout pregnancy. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 139:154-8. [PMID: 23318880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy involves diverse changes in brain function that implicate a re-organization in neuronal cytoskeleton. In this physiological state, the brain is in contact with several hormones that it has never been exposed, as well as with very high levels of hormones that the brain has been in touch throughout life. Among the latter hormones are progesterone and estradiol which regulate several brain functions, including learning, memory, neuroprotection, and the display of sexual and maternal behavior. These functions involve changes in the structure and organization of neurons and glial cells that require the participation of cytoskeletal proteins whose expression and activity is regulated by estradiol and progesterone. We have found that the expression pattern of Microtubule Associated Protein 2, Tau, and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein changes in a tissue-specific manner in the brain of the rat throughout gestation and the start of lactation, suggesting that these proteins participate in the plastic changes observed in the brain during pregnancy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Pregnancy and Steroids'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliesha González-Arenas
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, México, D.F., México
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Fiaschetti G, Abela L, Nonoguchi N, Dubuc AM, Remke M, Boro A, Grunder E, Siler U, Ohgaki H, Taylor MD, Baumgartner M, Shalaby T, Grotzer MA. Epigenetic silencing of miRNA-9 is associated with HES1 oncogenic activity and poor prognosis of medulloblastoma. Br J Cancer 2013; 110:636-47. [PMID: 24346283 PMCID: PMC3915127 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND microRNA-9 is a key regulator of neuronal development aberrantly expressed in brain malignancies, including medulloblastoma. The mechanisms by which microRNA-9 contributes to medulloblastoma pathogenesis remain unclear, and factors that regulate this process have not been delineated. METHODS Expression and methylation status of microRNA-9 in medulloblastoma cell lines and primary samples were analysed. The association of microRNA-9 expression with medulloblastoma patients' clinical outcome was assessed, and the impact of microRNA-9 restoration was functionally validated in medulloblastoma cells. RESULTS microRNA-9 expression is repressed in a large subset of MB samples compared with normal fetal cerebellum. Low microRNA-9 expression correlates significantly with the diagnosis of unfavourable histopathological variants and with poor clinical outcome. microRNA-9 silencing occurs via cancer-specific CpG island hypermethylation. HES1 was identified as a direct target of microRNA-9 in medulloblastoma, and restoration of microRNA-9 was shown to trigger cell cycle arrest, to inhibit clonal growth and to promote medulloblastoma cell differentiation. CONCLUSIONS microRNA-9 is a methylation-silenced tumour suppressor that could be a potential candidate predictive marker for poor prognosis of medulloblastoma. Loss of microRNA-9 may confer a proliferative advantage to tumour cells, and it could possibly contribute to disease pathogenesis. Thus, re-expression of microRNA-9 may constitute a novel epigenetic regulation strategy against medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fiaschetti
- Neuro-Oncology group, Experimental Infectious Diseases and Cancer Research, August-Forel Strasse 1, Zurich CH-8008, Switzerland
| | - L Abela
- Division of Oncology, University Children's Hospital of Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, Zurich CH-8032, Switzerland
| | - N Nonoguchi
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Section of Molecular Pathology, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - A M Dubuc
- Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, MaRS Centre - 11-401M, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - M Remke
- Brain Tumor Research Centre, 101 College Street, TMDT-11-401M, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - A Boro
- Oncology group, Experimental Infectious Diseases and Cancer Research, August-Forel Strasse 1, Zurich CH-8008, Switzerland
| | - E Grunder
- Division of Oncology, University Children's Hospital of Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, Zurich CH-8032, Switzerland
| | - U Siler
- Division of Immunology, University Children's Hospital of Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, Zurich CH-8032, Switzerland
| | - H Ohgaki
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Section of Molecular Pathology, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon Cedex 08, France
| | - M D Taylor
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosurgery, Suite 1504, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada
| | - M Baumgartner
- Neuro-Oncology group, Experimental Infectious Diseases and Cancer Research, August-Forel Strasse 1, Zurich CH-8008, Switzerland
| | - T Shalaby
- Neuro-Oncology group, Experimental Infectious Diseases and Cancer Research, August-Forel Strasse 1, Zurich CH-8008, Switzerland
| | - M A Grotzer
- Division of Oncology, University Children's Hospital of Zürich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, Zurich CH-8032, Switzerland
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Ahmadian S, Shariftabrizi A, Emadi R. Ultrastructural Localization of the Cytoplasmic Distribution of Gamma Tubulin in Induced Differentiating Human Leukemia Cells. J Histotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/his.2007.30.1.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Veloso AJ, Chow AM, Dhar D, Tang DWF, Ganesh HV, Mikhaylichenko S, Brown IR, Kerman K. Biological activity of sym-triazines with acetylcholine-like substitutions as multitarget modulators of Alzheimer's disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2013; 4:924-9. [PMID: 23472585 DOI: 10.1021/cn400028w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The bioactivities of two novel compounds (TAE-1 and TAE-2) that contain a sym-triazine scaffold with acetylcholine-like substitutions are examined as promising candidate agents against Alzheimer's disease. Inhibition of amyloid-β fibril formation in the presence of Aβ1-42, evaluated by Thioflavin T fluorescence, demonstrated comparable or improved activity to a previously reported pentapeptide-based fibrillogenesis inhibitor, iAβ5p. Destabilization of Aβ1-42 assemblies by TAE-1 and TAE-2 was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy imaging. sym-Triazine inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was observed in cytosol extracted from differentiated human SH-SY5Y neuronal cells and also using human erythrocyte AChE. The sym-triazine derivatives were well tolerated by these cells and promoted beneficial effects on human neurons, upregulating expression of synaptophysin, a synaptic marker protein, and MAP2, a neuronal differentiation marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Veloso
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences and ‡Centre for the Neurobiology of
Stress, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail,
Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Ari M. Chow
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences and ‡Centre for the Neurobiology of
Stress, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail,
Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Devjani Dhar
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences and ‡Centre for the Neurobiology of
Stress, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail,
Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Derek W. F. Tang
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences and ‡Centre for the Neurobiology of
Stress, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail,
Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Hashwin V.S. Ganesh
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences and ‡Centre for the Neurobiology of
Stress, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail,
Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Svetlana Mikhaylichenko
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences and ‡Centre for the Neurobiology of
Stress, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail,
Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Ian R. Brown
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences and ‡Centre for the Neurobiology of
Stress, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail,
Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Kagan Kerman
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences and ‡Centre for the Neurobiology of
Stress, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail,
Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
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González-Arenas A, Piña-Medina AG, González-Flores O, Gómora-Arrati P, Carrillo-Martínez GE, Balandrán-Ruíz MA, Camacho-Arroyo I. Expression pattern of Tau in the rat brain during pregnancy and the beginning of lactation. Brain Res Bull 2012; 89:108-14. [PMID: 22884690 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy involves changes in brain function that implicate a re-organization in neuronal cytoskeleton. We analyzed the content of the microtubule associated protein Tau (65kDa isoform) and its phosphorylated form (PhosphoTau) in several rat brain regions throughout pregnancy and on day 2 of lactation by Western blot. In hypothalamus the content of Tau increased on days 2 and 18 of gestation compared with days 14, 21 and in lactation. PhosphoTau content increased throughout pregnancy. In preoptic area Tau content did not show significant changes throughout pregnancy or lactation, however, the content of PhosphoTau presented a decrease on day 21 of gestation. In hippocampus Tau content decreased on day 14 until day 21 compared with day 2 of gestation, however, in lactation day 2 the content of Tau increased meanwhile PhosphoTau content progressively increased throughout pregnancy. In frontal cortex Tau content decreased on day 21 of gestation compared with days 2, 14 and 18, with an increase in lactation, whereas PhosphoTau did not show significant changes. In cerebellum Tau protein decreased on days 14, 18 and 21 of pregnancy with an increase in lactation. PhosphoTau content increased throughout pregnancy and on day 2 of lactation. PhosphoTau/Tau ratio changes in each brain area along pregnancy and in lactation. Our data suggest that Tau expression and its phosphorylation pattern change in a tissue-dependent manner throughout pregnancy and the beginning of lactation in the rat brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliesha González-Arenas
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, Mexico, DF, Mexico
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Pistritto G, Papaleo V, Sanchez P, Ceci C, Barbaccia ML. Divergent modulation of neuronal differentiation by caspase-2 and -9. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36002. [PMID: 22629307 PMCID: PMC3356362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Ntera2/cl.D1 (NT2) cells treated with retinoic acid (RA) differentiate towards a well characterized neuronal phenotype sharing many features with human fetal neurons. In view of the emerging role of caspases in murine stem cell/neural precursor differentiation, caspases activity was evaluated during RA differentiation. Caspase-2, -3 and -9 activity was transiently and selectively increased in differentiating and non-apoptotic NT2-cells. SiRNA-mediated selective silencing of either caspase-2 (si-Casp2) or -9 (si-Casp9) was implemented in order to dissect the role of distinct caspases. The RA-induced expression of neuronal markers, i.e. neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), microtubule associated protein-2 (MAP2) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNAs and proteins, was decreased in si-Casp9, but markedly increased in si-Casp2 cells. During RA-induced NT2 differentiation, the class III histone deacetylase Sirt1, a putative caspase substrate implicated in the regulation of the proneural bHLH MASH1 gene expression, was cleaved to a ∼100 kDa fragment. Sirt1 cleavage was markedly reduced in si-Casp9 cells, even though caspase-3 was normally activated, but was not affected (still cleaved) in si-Casp2 cells, despite a marked reduction of caspase-3 activity. The expression of MASH1 mRNA was higher and occurred earlier in si-Casp2 cells, while was reduced at early time points during differentiation in si-Casp9 cells. Thus, caspase-2 and -9 may perform opposite functions during RA-induced NT2 neuronal differentiation. While caspase-9 activation is relevant for proper neuronal differentiation, likely through the fine tuning of Sirt1 function, caspase-2 activation appears to hinder the RA-induced neuronal differentiation of NT2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppa Pistritto
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rome Tor Vergata-Medical School, Rome, Italy.
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Isono M, Otsu M, Konishi T, Matsubara K, Tanabe T, Nakayama T, Inoue N. Proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells irradiated with X-rays in logarithmic growth phase. Neurosci Res 2012; 73:263-8. [PMID: 22561132 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 03/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of the fetal brain to ionizing radiation causes congenital brain abnormalities. Normal brain formation requires regionally and temporally appropriate proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) into neurons and glia. Here, we investigated the effects of X-irradiation on proliferating homogenous NSCs prepared from mouse ES cells. Cells irradiated with X-rays at a dose of 1Gy maintained the capabilities for proliferation and differentiation but stopped proliferation temporarily. In contrast, the cells ceased proliferation following irradiation at a dose of >5Gy. These results suggest that irradiation of the fetal brain at relatively low doses may cause congenital brain abnormalities as with relatively high doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Isono
- Laboratory of Regenerative Neurosciences, Department of Frontier Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
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Microtubule-Associated Proteins as Indicators of Differentiation and the Functional State of Nerve Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11055-012-9556-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Monzo HJ, Park TI, Montgomery JM, Faull RL, Dragunow M, Curtis MA. A method for generating high-yield enriched neuronal cultures from P19 embryonal carcinoma cells. J Neurosci Methods 2012; 204:87-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Short- and long-term treatment with estradiol or progesterone modifies the expression of GFAP, MAP2 and Tau in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Life Sci 2011; 89:123-8. [PMID: 21683086 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We analyzed the effects of the short- and long-term administration of estradiol (E2) or progesterone (P4) after ovariectomy on the expression of MAP2, Tau and GFAP in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. MAIN METHODS Sprague Dawley rats were ovariectomized and immediately treated with E2 or P4 for 2 or 18 weeks. At the end of treatments, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were excised, proteins were extracted and MAP2, Tau and GFAP were analyzed by Western blot. KEY FINDINGS MAP2 and Tau content was not modified by E2 in the prefrontal cortex. On the contrary, P4 decreased MAP2 content after a short-term treatment, while it increased that of MAP2 and TAU in this brain region after a long-term treatment. E2 increased MAP2 content in hippocampus. In this region, short-term administration of P4 increased that of MAP2. GFAP content was diminished after a long-term administration of P4 in hippocampus. SIGNIFICANCE Current data emphasize the importance of short- and long-term sex steroid treatment on neuronal and glial cytoskeletal proteins expression.
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VanGuilder HD, Farley JA, Yan H, Van Kirk CA, Mitschelen M, Sonntag WE, Freeman WM. Hippocampal dysregulation of synaptic plasticity-associated proteins with age-related cognitive decline. Neurobiol Dis 2011; 43:201-12. [PMID: 21440628 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2011.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related cognitive decline occurs without frank neurodegeneration and is the most common cause of memory impairment in aging individuals. With increasing longevity, cognitive deficits, especially in hippocampus-dependent memory processes, are increasing in prevalence. Nevertheless, the neurobiological basis of age-related cognitive decline remains unknown. While concerted efforts have led to the identification of neurobiological changes with aging, few age-related alterations have been definitively correlated to behavioral measures of cognitive decline. In this work, adult (12 months) and aged (28 months) rats were categorized by Morris water maze performance as Adult cognitively Intact, Aged cognitively Intact or Aged cognitively Impaired, and protein expression was examined in hippocampal synaptosome preparations. Previously described differences in synaptic expression of neurotransmission-associated proteins (Dnm1, Hpca, Stx1, Syn1, Syn2, Syp, SNAP25, VAMP2 and 14-3-3 eta, gamma, and zeta) were confirmed between Adult and Aged rats, with no further dysregulation associated with cognitive impairment. Proteins related to synaptic structural stability (MAP2, drebrin, Nogo-A) and activity-dependent signaling (PSD-95, 14-3-3θ, CaMKIIα) were up- and down-regulated, respectively, with cognitive impairment but were not altered with increasing age. Localization of MAP2, PSD-95, and CaMKIIα demonstrated protein expression alterations throughout the hippocampus. The altered expression of activity- and structural stability-associated proteins suggests that impaired synaptic plasticity is a distinct phenomenon that occurs with age-related cognitive decline, and demonstrates that cognitive decline is not simply an exacerbation of the aging phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather D VanGuilder
- Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Hershey Center for Applied Research, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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Crespi F. Further Electrochemical and Behavioural Evidence of a Direct Relationship Between Central 5-HT and Cytoskeleton in the Control of Mood. Open Neurol J 2010; 4:5-14. [PMID: 20802812 PMCID: PMC2928987 DOI: 10.2174/1874205x01004010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2009] [Revised: 10/28/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced activity of CNS serotonin is reported in unipolar depression and serotonin is the major target of recent antidepressant drugs. However, an acute depletion of serotonin in healthy individuals does not induce depressive symptoms suggesting that depression does not correlate with the serotonin system only. Neuronal plasticity (structural adaptation of neurons to functional requirements) includes synthesis of microtubular proteins such as tyrosinated isoform of α-tubulin and presence of serotonin as regulator of synaptogenesis. In depression neuronal plasticity is modified. Here, in rats submitted to a behavioural test widely used to predict the efficacy of antidepressant drugs (forced swimming test: FST) a significant decrease of both cerebral tyrosinated α-tubulin expression and serotonin levels is monitored. Moreover, treatment with para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, compound that specifically depletes brain serotonin) but not alpha-methyl para tyrosine (α-MPT, compound that blocks synthesis of catechols: chemicals also implicated in depression) significantly reduced tyrosinated α-tubulin. Thus, a direct relationship between serotonin and tyrosinated α-tubulin appears to be present both in “physiological” and in “pathological” states. In addition, data obtained in animals submitted to FST and/or treated with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine further support the interrelationship between central serotonin and cytoskeleton. These data propose that direct relationship between serotonin and tyrosinated α-tubulin could be considered within the mechanism(s) involved in the pathogenesis of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Crespi
- Biology Department, Neurosciences CEDD GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, via Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
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Pistritto G, Papacleovoulou G, Ragone G, Di Cesare S, Papaleo V, Mason JI, Barbaccia ML. Differentiation-dependent progesterone synthesis and metabolism in NT2-N human neurons. Exp Neurol 2009; 217:302-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Revised: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
The kinetics of neurosteroid binding to recombinant human microtubule-associated protein 2C (rhMAP2C) and neurosteroid regulation of MAP2C-stimulated tubulin assembly were studied. In a quartz crystal microbalance assay, progesterone-BSA at 1-10 nM showed concentration-dependent binding to rhMAP2C, and this binding was competitively inhibited by pregnenolone or progesterone. However, no progesterone-BSA binding to N-terminal 71 amino acid residues rhMAP2C was found. In an rhMAP2C-stimulated tubulin assembly assay, pregnenolone enhanced the assembly of an rhMAP2C-progesterone-BSA complex in a progesterone-reversible manner, progesterone alone had no effect. Although N-terminal 71 amino acid residues rhMAP2C retains an activity to stimulate this assembly, this effect was not affected by pregnenolone or progesterone. These findings suggest that neurosteroids specifically bind to the N-terminus of rhMAP2 and regulate tubulin assembly.
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González M, Cabrera-Socorro A, Pérez-García CG, Fraser JD, López FJ, Alonso R, Meyer G. Distribution patterns of estrogen receptor alpha and beta in the human cortex and hippocampus during development and adulthood. J Comp Neurol 2007; 503:790-802. [PMID: 17570500 DOI: 10.1002/cne.21419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) in the developing and adult human brain has not been clearly established, although estrogens are crucial for neuronal differentiation, synapse formation, and cognitive functions. By using immunohistochemistry, we have studied the distribution of ER alpha and ER beta in human cerebral cortex and hippocampus from early prenatal stages to adult life. ER alpha was detected in the cortex at 9 gestational weeks (GW), with a high expression in proliferating zones and the cortical plate. The staining intensity decreased gradually during prenatal development but increased again from birth to adulthood. In contrast, ER beta was first detected at 15 GW in proliferating zones, and at 16/17 GW, numerous ER beta immunopositive cells were also observed in the cortical plate. ER beta expression persisted in the adult cortex, being widely distributed throughout cortical layers II-VI. In addition, from around 15 GW to adulthood, ER alpha and ER beta were expressed in human hippocampus mainly in pyramidal cells of Ammon's horn and in the dentate gyrus. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry in the adult cerebral cortex and hippocampus revealed lower protein expression of ER alpha compared with ER beta. Double immunostaining showed that during fetal life both ERs are expressed in neurons as well as in radial glia, although only ER alpha is expressed in the Cajal-Retzius neurons of the marginal zone. These observations demonstrate that the expression of ER alpha and ER beta displays different spatial-temporal patterns during human cortical and hippocampal development and suggest that both ERs may play distinct roles in several processes related to prenatal brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam González
- Department of Human Anatomy, University of La Laguna School of Medicine and Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Tenerife, Spain
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Lieven CJ, Millet LE, Hoegger MJ, Levin LA. Induction of axon and dendrite formation during early RGC-5 cell differentiation. Exp Eye Res 2007; 85:678-83. [PMID: 17904550 PMCID: PMC2194805 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2007.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2007] [Revised: 07/07/2007] [Accepted: 08/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The retinal ganglion cell (RGC)-like RGC-5 line can be differentiated with staurosporine to stop dividing, extend neurites, and increase levels of several ganglion cell markers. This allows study of regulation of neurite development on a single cell basis. However, it is unclear whether the neurites induced by differentiation have features characteristic of dendrites or axons. To address this question, RGC-5 cells were differentiated with staurosporine and then immunoblotted for microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and actin, or stained immunocytochemically for different MAP2 isoforms, tau, growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43), or the neuronal marker beta-III-tubulin. We found that staurosporine-induced differentiation led to an upregulation of MAP2c, a MAP2 isoform expressed in developing neurons. Some neurites expressed MAP2c but not the dendritic markers MAP2a and MAP2b, consistent with an axonal phenotype. Some neurites expressed the axonal marker tau in a characteristic proximal-to-distal gradient, and had GAP-43 labeling characteristic of axonal growth cones. The presence of MAP2c in differentiated RGC-5 cells is indicative of RGC-like neurite development, and the pattern of staining for the different MAP2 isoforms, as well as positivity for tau and GAP-43, indicates that differentiation induces axon-like and dendrite-like neurites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Lieven
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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43
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Bento-Abreu A, Tabernero A, Medina JM. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha is required for the neurotrophic effect of oleic acid in neurons. J Neurochem 2007; 103:871-81. [PMID: 17683485 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04807.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Oleic acid synthesized by astrocytes behaves as a neurotrophic factor for neurons, up-regulating the molecular markers of axonal and dendritic outgrowth, growth-associated protein 43 and microtubule-associated protein 2. In this work, the nature of the receptor involved in this neurotrophic effect was investigated. As oleic acid has been reported to be a ligand and activator of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), we focus on this family of receptors. Our results show that PPARalpha, beta/delta, and gamma are expressed in neurons in culture. However, only the agonists of PPARalpha, Wy14643, GW7647 and oleoylethanolamide, promoted neuronal differentiation, while PPAR beta/delta and gamma agonists did not modify neuronal differentiation. Consequently, we investigated the involvement of PPARalpha (Nr1c1) in oleic acid-induced neuronal differentiation. Our results indicate that oleic acid activates PPARalpha in neurons. In addition, the effect of oleic acid on neuronal morphology, growth-associated protein 43 and microtubule-associated protein 2 expression decreases in neurons after PPARalpha has been silenced by small interfering RNA. Taken together, our results suggest that PPARalpha could be the receptor for oleic acid in neurons, further broadening the range of functions attributed to this family of transcription factors. Although several works have reported that PPARalpha could be involved in neuroprotection, the present work provides the first evidence suggesting a role of PPARalpha in neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Bento-Abreu
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, INCYL, Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
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44
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Yang H, Chopp M, Weiland B, Zhang X, Tepley N, Jiang F, Schallert T. Sensorimotor deficits associated with brain tumor progression and tumor-induced brain plasticity mechanisms. Exp Neurol 2007; 207:357-67. [PMID: 17706196 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2007] [Revised: 06/13/2007] [Accepted: 07/05/2007] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate functional deficits and reactive peri-tumoral brain plasticity events in glioma-bearing rats. 9L gliosarcoma cells were implanted into the forelimb region of the sensorimotor cortex in Fischer rats. Control animals underwent the same operation without tumor implantation. Sensitive tests for detecting sensorimotor dysfunction, including forelimb-use asymmetry, somatosensory asymmetry, and vibrissae-evoked forelimb placing tests, were conducted. We found that tumor-bearing animals exhibited significant composite behavioral deficits on day 14 post-tumor injection compared to surgical controls. With the assistance of magnetic resonance imaging, we demonstrated a significant correlation between tumor volume and magnitude of somatosensory asymmetry, indicating that the somatosensory asymmetry test can provide an effective and efficient means to measure and predict tumor progression. Histopathological assessments were performed after the rats were sacrificed 14 days following tumor implantation. Immunostaining revealed that densities of microtubule-associated protein 2, glial fibrillary acid protein, von Willebrand factor, and synaptophysin were all significantly upregulated in the peri-tumoral area, compared to the corresponding region in surgical controls, suggesting synaptic plasticity, astrocyte activation and angiogenesis in response to tumor insult. Understanding the behavioral and bystander cellular events associated with tumor progression may lead to improved evaluation and development of new brain tumor treatments that promote, or at least do not interfere with, functional adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Yang
- Institute for Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, #A8000, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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45
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Fontaine-Lenoir V, Chambraud B, Fellous A, David S, Duchossoy Y, Baulieu EE, Robel P. Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) is a neurosteroid receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:4711-6. [PMID: 16537405 PMCID: PMC1450236 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0600113103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurosteroid pregnenolone (PREG) and its chemically synthesized analog 3beta-methoxypregnenolone (MePREG) bind to microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and stimulate the polymerization of microtubules. PREG, MePREG, and progesterone (PROG; the physiological immediate metabolite of PREG) significantly enhance neurite outgrowth of nerve growth factor-pretreated PC12 cells. However, PROG, although it binds to MAP2, does not increase the immunostaining of MAP2, contrary to PREG and MePREG. Nocodazole, a microtubule-disrupting agent, induces a major retraction of neurites in control cultures, but pretreatment with PREG/MePREG is protective. Decreasing MAP2 expression by RNA interference does not modify PROG action, but it prevents the stimulatory effects of PREG and MePREG on neurite extension, showing that MAP2 is their specific receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Fontaine-Lenoir
- *MAPREG Company, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bicêtre, Bâtiment Paul Langevin, 78, Rue du Général Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre Cedex, France; and
| | - Béatrice Chambraud
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U788, Stéroides et Système Nerveux, 80 Rue du Général Leclerc, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre Cedex, France
| | - Arlette Fellous
- *MAPREG Company, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bicêtre, Bâtiment Paul Langevin, 78, Rue du Général Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre Cedex, France; and
| | - Sébastien David
- *MAPREG Company, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bicêtre, Bâtiment Paul Langevin, 78, Rue du Général Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre Cedex, France; and
| | - Yann Duchossoy
- *MAPREG Company, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bicêtre, Bâtiment Paul Langevin, 78, Rue du Général Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre Cedex, France; and
| | - Etienne-Emile Baulieu
- *MAPREG Company, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bicêtre, Bâtiment Paul Langevin, 78, Rue du Général Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre Cedex, France; and
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U788, Stéroides et Système Nerveux, 80 Rue du Général Leclerc, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre Cedex, France
| | - Paul Robel
- *MAPREG Company, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bicêtre, Bâtiment Paul Langevin, 78, Rue du Général Leclerc, 94275 Le Kremlin Bicêtre Cedex, France; and
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U788, Stéroides et Système Nerveux, 80 Rue du Général Leclerc, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre Cedex, France
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46
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Farah CA, Liazoghli D, Perreault S, Desjardins M, Guimont A, Anton A, Lauzon M, Kreibich G, Paiement J, Leclerc N. Interaction of microtubule-associated protein-2 and p63: a new link between microtubules and rough endoplasmic reticulum membranes in neurons. J Biol Chem 2004; 280:9439-49. [PMID: 15623521 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m412304200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons are polarized cells presenting two distinct compartments, dendrites and an axon. Dendrites can be distinguished from the axon by the presence of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). The mechanism by which the structure and distribution of the RER is maintained in these cells is poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the role of the dendritic microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP2) in the RER membrane positioning by comparing their distribution in brain subcellular fractions and in primary hippocampal cells and by examining the MAP2-microtubule interaction with RER membranes in vitro. Subcellular fractionation of rat brain revealed a high MAP2 content in a subfraction enriched with the endoplasmic reticulum markers ribophorin and p63. Electron microscope morphometry confirmed the enrichment of this subfraction with RER membranes. In cultured hippocampal neurons, MAP2 and p63 were found to concomitantly compartmentalize to the dendritic processes during neuronal differentiation. Protein blot overlays using purified MAP2c protein revealed its interaction with p63, and immunoprecipitation experiments performed in HeLa cells showed that this interaction involves the projection domain of MAP2. In an in vitro reconstitution assay, MAP2-containing microtubules were observed to bind to RER membranes in contrast to microtubules containing tau, the axonal MAP. This binding of MAP2c microtubules was reduced when an anti-p63 antibody was added to the assay. The present results suggest that MAP2 is involved in the association of RER membranes with microtubules and thereby could participate in the differential distribution of RER membranes within a neuron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Abi Farah
- Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
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47
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Mercado-Gómez O, Ferrera P, Arias C. Histopathologic changes induced by the microtubule-stabilizing agent Taxol in the rat hippocampus in vivo. J Neurosci Res 2004; 78:553-62. [PMID: 15449327 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.20264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules and their associated proteins play a prominent role in neuronal morphology, axonal transport, neuronal plasticity, and neuronal degeneration. It has been proposed that microtubule damage is sufficient to induce neuronal death. In this regard, the microtubule-stabilizing agent Taxol could be a useful tool to reproduce some aspects of neurodegenerative diseases associated with disturbances of the cytoskeleton and alterations in axonal transport. Although differential effects of Taxol on neuronal viability have been found in vitro, Taxol toxicity in the central nervous system remains to be addressed. We studied the effects of Taxol on neuronal morphology and viability as well as changes in microtubule-associated proteins MAP2 and tau in rat hippocampus. Our results show that Taxol induces dose-dependent neuronal death accompanied by the loss of MAP2 and the presence of dystrophic neurites. Interestingly paired helical filament (PHF)-1 immunoreactivity, which is associated with a phosphorylated epitope of tau proteins, was induced in the damaged hippocampus. Our results suggest that microtubule dynamics have a role in maintenance of neuronal morphology and survival in vivo, and that modifications in microtubule dynamics, may alter the content and neuronal distribution of MAP2 and promote alterations in the phosphorylation state of tau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio Mercado-Gómez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México
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48
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Shen Y, Mani S, Meiri KF. Failure to express GAP-43 leads to disruption of a multipotent precursor and inhibits astrocyte differentiation. Mol Cell Neurosci 2004; 26:390-405. [PMID: 15234344 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2004.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2003] [Revised: 03/10/2004] [Accepted: 03/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The nervous system-specific protein GAP-43 is significantly upregulated in neurons and glia that are differentiating. In P19 EC cells that do not express GAP-43, neurogenesis is inhibited; many immature neurons apoptose and the survivors do not mature morphologically. Here we show that the initial defect is in an early precursor with characteristics of a neural stem cell, which failed to respond normally to retinoic acid (RA). As a consequence, its progeny had altered cell fates: In addition to the neuronal defects previously reported, RC1-labeled radial glia failed to exit the cell cycle, accumulated, and failed to acquire GFAP immunoreactivity. However, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) could stimulate GFAP expression suggesting that astrocytes not derived from radial glia are less affected by absence of GAP-43. Differentiation of radial glia-derived astrocytes was also inhibited in glial cultures from GAP-43 (-/-) cerebellum, and in GAP-43 (-/-) telencephalon in vivo, differentiation of astrocytes derived from both radial and nonradial glia lineages were both affected: In the glial wedge, GFAP-labeled radial glia-derived astrocytes were reduced consistent with the interpretation that they may be unable to deflect GAP-43 (-/-) commissural axons toward the midline. At the midline, both radial and nonradial glia-derived astrocytes were also decreased although it fused normally. The results demonstrate that GAP-43 expressed in multipotent precursors is required for appropriate cell fate commitment, and that its absence affects astrocyte as well as neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Shen
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Alier KA, Morris BJ. Differential regulation of MAP2 and αCamKII expression in hippocampal neurones by forskolin and calcium ionophore treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 122:10-6. [PMID: 14992811 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbrainres.2003.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The genes encoding microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), and the alpha subunit of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (alphaCaMKII), are members of a small number of genes whose expression is increased in hippocampal neurones during the intermediate phase of long-term potentiation (LTP)-a phase dependent on mRNA translation but not on gene transcription. However, the intracellular signalling pathways which mediate these increases in expression are largely unknown. Organotypic slice cultures of rat hippocampus were exposed to either forskolin (to elevate cAMP levels), A23187 (to increase intracellular Ca(2+) levels) or the corresponding vehicle. The levels of immunoreactive (ir-) MAP2 were increased 4 h after forskolin treatment, but were unaffected by A23187 treatment. Conversely, the levels of ir-alphaCaMKII were increased 4 h after A23187 treatment, but were unaffected by forskolin. The regulation of the expression of these proteins was the same in the CA3 region as in the CA1 and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. While rapamycin reduced the basal levels of ir-MAP2, it did not affect the ability of either forskolin or A23187 to enhance ir-MAP2 or ir-alphaCaMKII levels. These results suggest that cAMP and Ca(2+) differentially modulate the expression of these two plasticity-related genes, and that translational enhancement via the mammalian target of rapamycin kinase is not involved in these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Alier
- Division of Neuroscience and Biomedical Systems, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, West Medical Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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50
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez RA, Tabernero A, Velasco A, Lavado EM, Medina JM. The neurotrophic effect of oleic acid includes dendritic differentiation and the expression of the neuronal basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor NeuroD2. J Neurochem 2004; 88:1041-51. [PMID: 15009660 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.02262.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We have shown recently that the presence of albumin in astrocytes triggers the synthesis and release of oleic acid, which behaves as a neurotrophic factor for neurons. Thus, oleic acid promotes axonal growth together with the expression of the axonal growth-associated protein, GAP-43. Here we attempted to elucidate whether the neurotrophic effect of oleic acid includes dendritic differentiation. Our results indicate that oleic acid induces the expression of microtubule associated protein-2 (MAP-2), a marker of dendritic differentiation. In addition, the presence of oleic acid promotes the translocation of MAP-2 from the soma to the dendrites. The time course of MAP-2 expression during brain development coincides with that of stearoyl-CoA desaturase, the limiting enzyme of oleic acid synthesis, indicating that both phenomena coincide during development. The effect of oleic acid on MAP-2 expression is most probably independent of autocrine factors synthesized by neurons because this effect was also observed at low cellular densities. As oleic acid is an activator of protein kinase C, the possible participation of this transduction pathway was studied. Our results indicate that added oleic acid or oleic acid endogenously synthesized by astrocytes exerts its neurotrophic effect through a protein kinase C-dependent mechanism as the effect was inhibited by sphingosine or two myristoylated peptide inhibitors of protein kinase C. The transduction pathway by which oleic acid induces the expression of genes responsible for neuronal differentiation appears to be mediated by the transcription factor NeuroD2, a regulator of terminal neuronal differentiation.
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