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Ali F, Ali S, Mohamed S, Khan I, Khan I, Khan S, Khan F, Alfeel AH, Higazi H. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA mutations in Pakistani population diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 84:e266924. [PMID: 36856233 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.266924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart and blood vessel disorders, such as coronary heart disease, brain vessel disease, rheumatic heart disease, and others, are together referred to as cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this study, we sought to determine how mitochondrial Leucine Transfer RNA genes and CVDs are related (MT-L1 and MT-L2). From CVD patients in Peshawar, a total of 27 saliva samples were taken. Leu-tRNA genes expressed by mitochondria were amplified using polymerase chain reaction after DNA was removed. Ten samples were sent for sequencing after PCR and gene cleaning. We obtained all of the sequenced results, which were subsequently aligned and evaluated against the mitochondrial revised Cambridge Reference Sequence (rCRS). However, in our sequenced samples, Leu-tRNA MT-L1 and MT-L2 genes were determined to be unaltered. Thus, it is suggested that a large population be taken into account while screening for mutations in the mitochondrial encoded Leu-tRNA MT-L1 and MT-L2 genes of cardiac patients in areas of Pakistan. Additionally, it is recommended that patients with cardiac problems should also have other mitochondrial encoded genes checked for potential mutations. This could result in the identification of genetic markers that could be used for early CVD screening in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ali
- Dalian Medical University, Department of Cell Biology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - S Ali
- Gulf Medical University, College of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - S Mohamed
- Gulf Medical University, College of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - I Khan
- Lanzhou University, School of Life Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - I Khan
- Khyber Medical University, Department of Microbiology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - S Khan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - F Khan
- Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Department of Zoology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - A H Alfeel
- Gulf Medical University, College of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - H Higazi
- Gulf Medical University, College of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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2
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The Mitochondrial tRNA Ser(UCN) Gene: A Novel m.7484A>G Mutation Associated with Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy and Literature Review. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020554. [PMID: 36836911 PMCID: PMC9963529 DOI: 10.3390/life13020554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial tRNASer(UCN) is considered a hot-spot for non-syndromic and aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss. However, many patients have been described with more extensive neurological diseases, mainly including epilepsy, myoclonus, ataxia, and myopathy. We describe a novel homoplasmic m.7484A>G mutation in the tRNASer(UCN) gene affecting the third base of the anticodon triplet in a girl with profound intellectual disability, spastic tetraplegia, sensorineural hearing loss, a clinical history of epilepsia partialis continua and vomiting, typical of MELAS syndrome, leading to a myoclonic epilepticus status, and myopathy with severe COX deficiency at muscle biopsy. The mutation was also found in the homoplasmic condition in the mother who presented with mild cognitive deficit, cerebellar ataxia, myoclonic epilepsy, sensorineural hearing loss and myopathy with COX deficient ragged-red fibers consistent with MERRF syndrome. This is the first anticodon mutation in the tRNASer(UCN) and the second homoplasmic mutation in the anticodon triplet reported to date.
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Campbell T, Slone J, Huang T. Mitochondrial Genome Variants as a Cause of Mitochondrial Cardiomyopathy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182835. [PMID: 36139411 PMCID: PMC9496904 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are small double-membraned organelles responsible for the generation of energy used in the body in the form of ATP. Mitochondria are unique in that they contain their own circular mitochondrial genome termed mtDNA. mtDNA codes for 37 genes, and together with the nuclear genome (nDNA), dictate mitochondrial structure and function. Not surprisingly, pathogenic variants in the mtDNA or nDNA can result in mitochondrial disease. Mitochondrial disease primarily impacts tissues with high energy demands, including the heart. Mitochondrial cardiomyopathy is characterized by the abnormal structure or function of the myocardium secondary to genetic defects in either the nDNA or mtDNA. Mitochondrial cardiomyopathy can be isolated or part of a syndromic mitochondrial disease. Common manifestations of mitochondrial cardiomyopathy are a phenocopy of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, and cardiac conduction defects. The underlying pathophysiology of mitochondrial cardiomyopathy is complex and likely involves multiple abnormal processes in the cell, stemming from deficient oxidative phosphorylation and ATP depletion. Possible pathophysiology includes the activation of alternative metabolic pathways, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, dysfunctional mitochondrial dynamics, abnormal calcium homeostasis, and mitochondrial iron overload. Here, we highlight the clinical assessment of mtDNA-related mitochondrial cardiomyopathy and offer a novel hypothesis of a possible integrated, multivariable pathophysiology of disease.
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Asadullah, Ud Din A, Ul Ghafoor S, Akbar F, Akhtar N, Fiaz Khan M, Ullah Z, Kareem A. Analysis of mutations in leu tRNA gene in patients of heart diseases. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:436-443. [PMID: 35002439 PMCID: PMC8716966 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death all over the world. Beside general risk factors, there are some genetic factors which lead to cardiovascular diseases. Various nuclear DNA mutation and also mitochondrial DNA mutations have been related with cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, a total of 21 samples were collected from different families residing in district Dir. DNA was extracted from buccal epithelial cells using saliva. The mitochondrial tRNA leu (MT TL1) gene was amplified by PCR and 10 samples of different families were sequenced. The sequence was aligned with revised Cambridge Reference Sequence (rCRS) accession # NC-012920.1. It is concluded that cardiovascular diseases in our subjects are not due to mutation in the mitochondrial leucine tRNA gene. However, a large population of subjects with cardiovascular diseases needs to be studied and whole mitochondrial DNA is needed to be sequenced in the subjects with CVD. This will give an idea about the probable DNA marker which can be used to prevent loses due to these diseases at a very early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asadullah
- Department of Genetics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Aziz Ud Din
- Department of Genetics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | | | - Fazal Akbar
- Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Akhtar
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Sub Campus, Battagram, Pakistan
| | | | - Zaib Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Sub Campus, Battagram, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Kareem
- Department of Life Sciences, Sana'a University, Yemen
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Mazzaccara C, Mirra B, Barretta F, Caiazza M, Lombardo B, Scudiero O, Tinto N, Limongelli G, Frisso G. Molecular Epidemiology of Mitochondrial Cardiomyopathy: A Search Among Mitochondrial and Nuclear Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115742. [PMID: 34072184 PMCID: PMC8197938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial Cardiomyopathy (MCM) is a common manifestation of multi-organ Mitochondrial Diseases (MDs), occasionally present in non-syndromic cases. Diagnosis of MCM is complex because of wide clinical and genetic heterogeneity and requires medical, laboratory, and neuroimaging investigations. Currently, the molecular screening for MCM is fundamental part of MDs management and allows achieving the definitive diagnosis. In this article, we review the current genetic knowledge associated with MDs, focusing on diagnosis of MCM and MDs showing cardiac involvement. We searched for publications on mitochondrial and nuclear genes involved in MCM, mainly focusing on genetic screening based on targeted gene panels for the molecular diagnosis of the MCM, by using Next Generation Sequencing. Here we report twelve case reports, four case-control studies, eleven retrospective studies, and two prospective studies, for a total of twenty-nine papers concerning the evaluation of cardiac manifestations in mitochondrial diseases. From the analysis of published causal mutations, we identified 130 genes to be associated with mitochondrial heart diseases. A large proportion of these genes (34.3%) encode for key proteins involved in the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS), either as directly OXPHOS subunits (22.8%), and as OXPHOS assembly factors (11.5%). Mutations in several mitochondrial tRNA genes have been also reported in multi-organ or isolated MCM (15.3%). This review highlights the main disease-genes, identified by extensive genetic analysis, which could be included as target genes in next generation panels for the molecular diagnosis of patients with clinical suspect of mitochondrial cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mazzaccara
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (B.M.); (F.B.); (B.L.); (O.S.); (N.T.); (G.F.)
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, 80145 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0817-462-422
| | - Bruno Mirra
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (B.M.); (F.B.); (B.L.); (O.S.); (N.T.); (G.F.)
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Barretta
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (B.M.); (F.B.); (B.L.); (O.S.); (N.T.); (G.F.)
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Caiazza
- Monaldi Hospital, AO Colli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (G.L.)
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Lombardo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (B.M.); (F.B.); (B.L.); (O.S.); (N.T.); (G.F.)
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Olga Scudiero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (B.M.); (F.B.); (B.L.); (O.S.); (N.T.); (G.F.)
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Nadia Tinto
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (B.M.); (F.B.); (B.L.); (O.S.); (N.T.); (G.F.)
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Limongelli
- Monaldi Hospital, AO Colli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (G.L.)
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80134 Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Frisso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (B.M.); (F.B.); (B.L.); (O.S.); (N.T.); (G.F.)
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, 80145 Naples, Italy
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Cytochrome c oxidase deficiency. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2020; 1862:148335. [PMID: 33171185 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2020.148335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) deficiency is characterized by a high degree of genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, partly reflecting the extreme structural complexity, multiple post-translational modification, variable, tissue-specific composition, and the high number of and intricate connections among the assembly factors of this enzyme. In fact, decreased COX specific activity can manifest with different degrees of severity, affect the whole organism or specific tissues, and develop a wide spectrum of disease natural history, including disease onsets ranging from birth to late adulthood. More than 30 genes have been linked to COX deficiency, but the list is still incomplete and in fact constantly updated. We here discuss the current knowledge about COX in health and disease, focusing on genetic aetiology and link to clinical manifestations. In addition, information concerning either fundamental biological features of the enzymes or biochemical signatures of its defects have been provided by experimental in vivo models, including yeast, fly, mouse and fish, which expanded our knowledge on the functional features and the phenotypical consequences of different forms of COX deficiency.
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Abstract
Modern broilers show dramatic growth over a short interval and contribute directly to the success of the poultry meat industry. The growth performance of commercial broilers is a result of genetic selection for "performance traits", such as body size, meat yield, and feed conversion rate. However, due to the rapid growth rate of modern commercial broilers, several growth-related conditions have arisen, increasing economic losses and consumer concerns. Among the most economically consequential is the muscle disorder called wooden breast. Together with associated myopathies such as white striping and spaghetti meat, wooden breast is causing losses of $200 million a year in the U.S. alone and occurs worldwide. No causative factors are known for wooden breast to date. Wooden breast can affect over 80% of broilers in a flock, yet no methods of amelioration are currently available. Overall, the evidence suggests that wooden breast is a genetic, age-dependent condition associated with fast growth rate. The primary features of wooden breast are muscle degeneration and fibrosis, high levels of oxidative stress, hypoxia, and altered energy metabolism. Recent work has also implicated reduced pectoral vessel density in the pathogenesis of wooden breast. This review examines the history of myopathies in commercial broilers and the relationship of myopathies to metabolism and oxidative performance. This review summarizes the foundational knowledge of wooden breast and provides a platform for further investigation of wooden breast.
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Decoux-Poullot AG, Bannwarth S, Procaccio V, Lebre AS, Jardel C, Vialettes B, Paquis-Flucklinger V, Chevalier N. Clinical phenotype of mitochondrial diabetes due to rare mitochondrial DNA mutations. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2020; 81:68-77. [PMID: 32409007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2020.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While the most frequent mutation responsible for mitochondrial diabetes is the point mutation m.3243 A>G of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), few data are available about the role of rare mtDNA mutations in the pathophysiology of diabetes. The main objective of our study was to describe the phenotypic characteristics of patients suffering from diabetes linked to rare mtDNA mutations. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed a post-hoc analysis of a prospective multicenter cohort of 743 patients with mitochondrial disorder (previously published by the French Network of Mitochondrial Diseases), associated to a literature review of the PubMed database from 1992 to May 2016. We extracted all reported patients with diabetes and identified rare mtDNA mutations and described their clinical and metabolic phenotypes. RESULTS The 50 identified patients (10 from the princeps study; 40 from the review of the literature) showed a heterogeneous metabolic phenotype in terms of age, symptoms prior to diagnosis, treatments, and associated clinical and biological signs. However, neurological symptoms were more frequent in case of rare mtDNA mutations compared to the classical m.3243 A>G mutation (P=0.024). In contrast, deafness (65% vs. 95%, P=3.7E-5), macular pattern dystrophy (20% vs. 86%, P=1.6E-10) and nephropathy (8% vs. 28%, P=0.018) were significantly less frequent than in case of the classical m.3243 A>G mutation. CONCLUSION Although no specific metabolic phenotype could be identified suggesting or eliminating implication of rare mtDNA mutations in diabetes, clinical phenotypes featured more frequent neurological signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Gaëlle Decoux-Poullot
- Service d'endocrinologie, diabétologie et médecine de la reproduction, hôpital de l'Archet 2, université Côte d'Azur, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Sylvie Bannwarth
- Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Université Côte d'Azur, CHU de Nice, Nice, France
| | | | - Anne-Sophie Lebre
- Inserm U781, Service de génétique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Claude Jardel
- Biochimie métabolique, Centre de génétique moléculaire et chromosomique, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Bernard Vialettes
- Service d'endocrinologie, diabète, maladies métaboliques, Hôpital de la Conception, CHU de Marseille, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | | | - Nicolas Chevalier
- Service d'endocrinologie, diabétologie et médecine de la reproduction, hôpital de l'Archet 2, université Côte d'Azur, CHU de Nice, Nice, France; Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), UMR U1065/UNS, Centre méditerranéen de médecine moléculaire (C3M), équipe 5 « Cellular Basis and Signaling of Tumor Metabolism », Université Côte d'Azur, CHU de Nice, Nice, France.
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Bulduk BK, Kiliç HB, Bekircan-Kurt CE, Haliloğlu G, Erdem Özdamar S, Topaloğlu H, Kocaefe YÇ. A Novel Amplification-Refractory Mutation System-PCR Strategy to Screen MT-TL1 Pathogenic Variants in Patient Repositories. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2020; 24:165-170. [PMID: 32167396 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2019.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Pathogenic variants within mitochondrial tRNA and rRNA genes negatively affect protein synthesis function and cause oxidative phosphorylation defects. The majority of mitochondrial cytopathies are caused by pathogenic point variants within the mitochondrial tRNA gene for leucine (MT-TL1). This study was designed to evaluate a novel amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS)-PCR based assay to screen patient samples with a clinical diagnosis of mitochondrial cytopathies. Methods: Tissue DNA samples from 219 affected individuals were screened for the pathogenic variants m.3271T>C, m.3291Ty >C, m.3303C>T, m.3256C>T, and m.3260A>G along with the most frequent m.3243A>G mutation in the MT-TL1 gene. The assay included a "High Resolution Melt curve analysis" to enhance detection limits. The precision of the assay was verified using synthetic controls with variant heteroplasmy ratios. Results: The screening identified the second reported m.3303C>T case as well as two patients with m.3243A>G variants and a rare variant exhibiting m.3290T>C. Conclusion: ARMS-PCR is superior to Sanger sequencing for the detection of variations exhibiting low heteroplasmy. These results provide "proof of concepts" for the implementation of this application for future screening of rare mtDNA variations in sample repositories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bengisu Kevser Bulduk
- Department of Medical Biology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hasan Basri Kiliç
- Department of Medical Biology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Göknur Haliloğlu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevim Erdem Özdamar
- Department of Neurology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Haluk Topaloğlu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Y Çetin Kocaefe
- Department of Medical Biology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Kytövuori L, Junttila J, Huikuri H, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Majamaa K, Martikainen MH. Mitochondrial DNA variation in sudden cardiac death: a population-based study. Int J Legal Med 2019; 134:39-44. [PMID: 31152278 PMCID: PMC6949201 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-019-02091-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy and cardiac conduction defects are common manifestations of mitochondrial disease. Previous studies suggest that clinically asymptomatic individuals harbouring pathogenic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations in the cardiac muscle may have sudden cardiac death (SCD) as the first manifestation of mitochondrial disease. We investigated the contribution of pathogenic mtDNA point mutations and mtDNA haplogroups in cardiac muscle in a cohort of 280 Finnish subjects that had died from non-ischaemic SCD with the median age of death at 59 years and in 537 population controls. We did not find any common or novel pathogenic mutations, but the frequency of haplogroup H1 was higher in the SCD subjects than that in 537 population controls (odds ratio: 1.76, confidence interval 95%: 1.02-3.04). We conclude that, at the population level, pathogenic point mutations in mtDNA do not contribute to non-ischaemic SCD, but natural variation may modify the risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kytövuori
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, PO Box 20, 90029 Oulu, Finland
| | - Juhani Junttila
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Heikki Huikuri
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Healthcare and Social Services of Selänne, Pyhäjärvi, Finland
| | - Kari Majamaa
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, PO Box 20, 90029 Oulu, Finland
| | - Mika H. Martikainen
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland
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Li D, Sun Y, Zhuang Q, Song Y, Wu B, Jia Z, Pan H, Zhou H, Hu S, Zhang B, Qiu Y, Dai Y, Chen S, Xu X, Zhu X, Lin A, Huang W, Liu Z, Yan Q. Mitochondrial dysfunction caused by m.2336T>C mutation with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cybrid cell lines. Mitochondrion 2018; 46:313-320. [PMID: 30196098 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), affecting approximately 1 in 500 in the general population, is the most prominent cause of sudden heart disease-related mortality in the young. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are among the primary causes of HCM. We previously identified a novel m.2336T>C homoplasmic mutation in the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene (MT-RNR2) in a Chinese maternally inherited HCM family. However, the molecular mechanisms by which m.2336T>C mutation contributes to HCM remain elusive. Here we generated transferring mitochondria cell lines (cybrids) with a constant nuclear background by transferring mitochondria from immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines carrying the HCM-associated m.2336T>C mutation into human mtDNA-less (ρ°) cells. Functional assays showed a decreased stability for 16S rRNA and the steady-state levels of its binding proteins in the mutant cybrids. This mutation impaired the mitochondrial translation capacity and resulted in many mitochondrial dysfunctions, including elevation of ROS generation, reduction of ATP production and impairment of mitochondrial membrane potential. Moreover, the mutant cybrids had poor physiological status and decreased survival ability. These results confirm that the m.2336T>C mutation leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and strongly suggest that this mutation may play a role in the pathogenesis of HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Yaping Sun
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Qianqian Zhuang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yanrui Song
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Bifeng Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Zexiao Jia
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Huaye Pan
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Shuangyi Hu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Bingtao Zhang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yu Dai
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Xuejun Xu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Xufen Zhu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Aifu Lin
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Wendong Huang
- Departmentof Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Zhong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China.
| | - Qingfeng Yan
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China; Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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12
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Mitochondrial Dysfunctions Contribute to Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Patient iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes with MT-RNR2 Mutation. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:808-821. [PMID: 29456182 PMCID: PMC5918198 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young individuals. A potential role of mtDNA mutations in HCM is known. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms linking mtDNA mutations to HCM remain poorly understood due to lack of cell and animal models. Here, we generated induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (HCM-iPSC-CMs) from human patients in a maternally inherited HCM family who carry the m.2336T>C mutation in the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene (MT-RNR2). The results showed that the m.2336T>C mutation resulted in mitochondrial dysfunctions and ultrastructure defects by decreasing the stability of 16S rRNA, which led to reduced levels of mitochondrial proteins. The ATP/ADP ratio and mitochondrial membrane potential were also reduced, thereby elevating the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, which was associated with numerous HCM-specific electrophysiological abnormalities. Our findings therefore provide an innovative insight into the pathogenesis of maternally inherited HCM. Generation of HCM-specific iPSC-CMs carrying the m.2336T>C mutation in MT-RNR2 m.2336T>C mutation results in mitochondrial dysfunctions Mitochondrial dysfunctions lead to increased [Ca2+]i and decreased ICaL Abnormal Ca2+ homeostasis is associated with HCM-specific abnormalities
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Stefano GB, Bjenning C, Wang F, Wang N, Kream RM. Mitochondrial Heteroplasmy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 982:577-594. [PMID: 28551808 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55330-6_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms, in concert with well-characterized etiology and progression of major pathologies, plays a significant role in aberrant processes afflicting human populations. Mitochondrial heteroplasmy represents a dynamically determined co-expression of inherited polymorphisms and somatic pathology in varying ratios within individual mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genomes with repetitive patterns of tissue specificity. The ratios of the MtDNA genomes represent a balance between healthy and pathological cellular outcomes. Mechanistically, cardiomyopathies have profound alterations of normative mitochondrial function. Certain allele imbalances in the nuclear mitochondrial genome are associated with key energy mitochondrial proteins. Mitochondrial heteroplasmy may manifest itself at critical protein expression points, e.g., cytochrome c oxidase (COX). Pathological mtDNA mutations also are associated with the development of congestive heart failure. Interestingly, mitochondrial 'normal vs. abnormal' ratios of various heteroplasmic populations may occur in families. In the translational context of human health and disease, we discuss the need for determining critical foci to probe multiple biological roles of mitochondrial heteroplasmy in cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- George B Stefano
- International Scientific Information, Inc., 150 Broadhollow Rd, Ste 114, Melville, NY, 11747, USA.
| | - Christina Bjenning
- Cardiometabolic Designs LLC, 160 W15th Ave, Suite 303, Sea Cliff, NY, 11579, USA
| | - Fuzhou Wang
- Division of Neuroscience, Bonoi Academy of Science & Education, Chapel Hill, NC, 27510, USA
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of OB/GYN, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Richard M Kream
- International Scientific Information, Inc., 150 Broadhollow Rd, Ste 114, Melville, NY, 11747, USA
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Venter M, van der Westhuizen FH, Elson JL. The aetiology of cardiovascular disease: a role for mitochondrial DNA? Cardiovasc J Afr 2017; 29:122-132. [PMID: 28906532 PMCID: PMC6009096 DOI: 10.5830/cvja-2017-037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a world-wide cause of mortality in humans and its incidence is on the rise in Africa. In this review, we discuss the putative role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the aetiology of CVD and consequently identify mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation as a viable genetic risk factor to be considered. We then describe the contribution and pitfalls of several current approaches used when investigating mtDNA in relation to complex disease. We also propose an alternative approach, the adjusted mutational load hypothesis, which would have greater statistical power with cohorts of moderate size, and is less likely to be affected by population stratification. We therefore address some of the shortcomings of the current haplogroup association approach. Finally, we discuss the unique challenges faced by studies done on African populations, and recommend the most viable methods to use when investigating mtDNA variation in CVD and other common complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Venter
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | | | - Joanna L Elson
- Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
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Sabater-Molina M, Pérez-Sánchez I, Hernández del Rincón J, Gimeno J. Genetics of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A review of current state. Clin Genet 2017; 93:3-14. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Sabater-Molina
- Inherited Cardiac Disease Unit; University Hospital Virgen Arrixaca; Murcia Spain
- Internal Medicine Department, University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | - I. Pérez-Sánchez
- Inherited Cardiac Disease Unit; University Hospital Virgen Arrixaca; Murcia Spain
| | - J.P. Hernández del Rincón
- Internal Medicine Department, University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
- Pathology Department; Institute of Legal Medicine; Murcia Spain
| | - J.R. Gimeno
- Inherited Cardiac Disease Unit; University Hospital Virgen Arrixaca; Murcia Spain
- Internal Medicine Department, University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
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Manuguerra R, Callegari S, Corradi D. Inherited Structural Heart Diseases With Potential Atrial Fibrillation Occurrence. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2015; 27:242-52. [PMID: 26519209 DOI: 10.1111/jce.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inherited cardiac diseases inducing structural remodeling of the myocardium sometimes develop arrhythmias of various kinds. Among these rhythm disturbances, atrial fibrillation is well known to frequently worsen the prognosis of the primary disorder by increasing morbidity and mortality, especially because of a higher rate of heart failure. In this manuscript, we have reviewed the literature on the most important inherited structural cardiac diseases in whose clinical history atrial fibrillation may occur fairly often.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Manuguerra
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological, and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T.), Unit of Pathology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Sergio Callegari
- Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale, Unit of Cardiology, Parma, Italy
| | - Domenico Corradi
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological, and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T.), Unit of Pathology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Morén C, Bañó M, González-Casacuberta I, Catalán-Garcia M, Guitart-Mampel M, Tobías E, Cardellach F, Pedrol E, Peraire J, Vidal F, Domingo P, Miró Ò, Gatell JM, Martínez E, Garrabou G. Mitochondrial and apoptotic in vitro modelling of differential HIV-1 progression and antiretroviral toxicity. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 70:2330-6. [PMID: 25921514 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ex vivo analysis of mitochondrial function may reveal HIV progression and the impact of ART. We propose a mitochondrial and apoptotic in vitro model using Jurkat T cells incubated with plasma. The objectives of this study were to evaluate mitochondrial and apoptotic lesions in this model in relation to HIV progression, and to assess the effect of >1 year of standard non-thymidine-containing therapy. METHODS This was a cross-sectional comparison among three age- and gender-matched groups (n = 19 × 3): healthy non-HIV-infected participants, HIV-infected long-term non-progressors (LTNPs) and standard antiretroviral-naive chronically infected patients [standard progressors (Sps)], longitudinally evaluated before (Sp1) and after (Sp2) >1 year of efavirenz + tenofovir + emtricitabine therapy. We analysed mitochondrial DNA content by RT-PCR, mitochondrial function by spectrophotometry, mitochondrial protein synthesis by western blot analysis, mitochondrial dynamics by western blot analysis (MFN2), apoptotic transition pore formation by western blot analysis (VDAC-1) and mitochondrial membrane potential and annexin V/propidium iodide fluorescence by flow cytometry. RESULTS There was a decreasing non-significant trend towards lower mitochondrial parameters for HIV-infected values with respect to uninfected control reference values. HIV progression (LTNP versus Sp1) was associated with decreased mitochondrial genetic, functional and translational parameters, which partially recovered after treatment intervention (Sp2). Mitochondrial fusion showed a trend to decrease non-significantly in Sp patients compared with LTNP patients, especially after therapy. All apoptotic parameters showed a trend to increase in Sp1 with respect to LTNP, followed by recovery in Sp2. CONCLUSIONS We proposed an in vitro model for mitochondrial and apoptotic assessment to test the effects of HIV infection and its therapy, resembling in vivo conditions. This model could be useful for clinical research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Morén
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (HCB), Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Bañó
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (HCB), Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - I González-Casacuberta
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (HCB), Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Catalán-Garcia
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (HCB), Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Guitart-Mampel
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (HCB), Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - E Tobías
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (HCB), Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - F Cardellach
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (HCB), Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - E Pedrol
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital of Figueres, Girona, Spain
| | - J Peraire
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - F Vidal
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - P Domingo
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ò Miró
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (HCB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Gatell
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (HCB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Martínez
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (HCB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Garrabou
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (HCB), Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
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Marin-Garcia J, Goldenthal MJ. Mitochondrial DNA defects in cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Pathol 2015; 7:205-13. [PMID: 25851396 DOI: 10.1016/s1054-8807(97)00101-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/1997] [Accepted: 10/16/1997] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) including specific deletions and point mutations have been found in an increasing number of cases of both dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The role that these mutations may play in contributing to the cardiomyopathic phenotype is discussed in this survey of the recent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marin-Garcia
- The Molecular Cardiology Institute, Highland Park, New Jersey USA
| | - M J Goldenthal
- The Molecular Cardiology Institute, Highland Park, New Jersey USA
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19
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"Myo-cardiomyopathy" is commonly associated with the A8344G "MERRF" mutation. J Neurol 2015; 262:701-10. [PMID: 25559684 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-014-7632-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to better characterize the clinical phenotype associated with the A8344G "MERRF" mutation of mitochondrial DNA. Fifteen mutated patients were extensively investigated. The frequency of main clinical features was: exercise intolerance and/or muscle weakness 67 %, respiratory involvement 67 %, lactic acidosis 67 %, cardiac abnormalities 53 %, peripheral neuropathy 47 %, myoclonus 40 %, epilepsy 40 %, ataxia 13 %. A restrictive respiratory insufficiency requiring ventilatory support was observed in about half of our patients. One patient developed a severe and rapidly progressive cardiomyopathy requiring cardioverter-defibrillator implantation. Five patients died of overwhelming, intractable lactic acidosis. Serial muscle MRIs identified a consistent pattern of muscle involvement and progression. Cardiac MRI showed non-ischemic late gadolinium enhancement in the left ventricle inferolateral part as early sign of myocardial involvement. Brain spectroscopy demonstrated increased peak of choline and reduction of N-acetylaspartate. Lactate was never detected in brain areas, while it could be documented in ventricles. We confirm that muscle involvement is the most frequent clinical feature associated with A8443G mutation. In contrast with previous reports, however, about half of our patients did not develop signs of CNS involvement even in later stages of the disease. The difference may be related to the infrequent investigation of A8344G mutation in 'pure' mitochondrial myo-cardiomyopathy, representing a bias and a possible cause of syndrome's underestimation. Our study highlights the importance of lactic acidosis and respiratory muscle insufficiency as critical prognostic factors. Muscle and cardiac MRI and brain spectroscopy may be useful tools in diagnosis and follow-up of MERRF.
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20
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Feldman AM, Begay RL, Knezevic T, Myers VD, Slavov DB, Zhu W, Gowan K, Graw SL, Jones KL, Tilley DG, Coleman RC, Walinsky P, Cheung JY, Mestroni L, Khalili K, Taylor MRG. Decreased levels of BAG3 in a family with a rare variant and in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:1697-702. [PMID: 24623017 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The most common cause of dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure (HF) is ischemic heart disease; however, in a third of all patients the cause remains undefined and patients are diagnosed as having idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC). Recent studies suggest that many patients with IDC have a family history of HF and rare genetic variants in over 35 genes have been shown to be causative of disease. We employed whole-exome sequencing to identify the causative variant in a large family with autosomal dominant transmission of dilated cardiomyopathy. Sequencing and subsequent informatics revealed a novel 10-nucleotide deletion in the BCL2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) gene (Ch10:del 121436332_12143641: del. 1266_1275 [NM 004281]) that segregated with all affected individuals. The deletion predicted a shift in the reading frame with the resultant deletion of 135 amino acids from the C-terminal end of the protein. Consistent with genetic variants in genes encoding other sarcomeric proteins there was a considerable amount of genetic heterogeneity in the affected family members. Interestingly, we also found that the levels of BAG3 protein were significantly reduced in the hearts from unrelated patients with end-stage HF undergoing cardiac transplantation when compared with non-failing controls. Diminished levels of BAG3 protein may be associated with both familial and non-familial forms of dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur M Feldman
- Departments of Medicine Neuroscience Physiology and Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Zhu J, Zhang X, Li L. Transition of 1628C > T in mitochondrial tRNAValgene should not be regarded as a mutation associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 27:1340-2. [DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2014.945580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Abstract
Cardiomyopathies are the most common disorders resulting in heart failure, with dilated cardiomyopathy being responsible for the majority of cases. Other forms of cardiomyopathy, especially hypertrophic forms, are also important causes of heart failure. The mortality rate due to cardiomyopathy in the USA is over 10,000 deaths per year, and the costs associated with heart failure are approximately 200 million US dollars per year in the USA alone. Over the past few years, breakthroughs have occurred in understanding the basic mechanisms of these disorders, potentially enabling clinicians to devise improved diagnostic strategies and therapies. As at least 30 to 40% of cases are inherited, it is now imperative that the genetic basis for these disorders is clearly recognized by caregivers and scientists. However, it has also become clear that these diseases are genetically highly heterogeneous, with multiple genes identified for each of the major forms of cardiomyopathy, and most patients having private mutations. These data suggest that the genetic diagnosis of most patients with cardiomyopathy will be impractical with current technologies. However, there are a few exceptions, such as patients with X-linked cardiomyopathies, with or without the concomitant abnormalities of cyclic neutropenia and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, or patients with cardiomyopathy associated with conduction disease: these appear to be associated with mutations in a small subset of genes, and can be investigated by certified diagnostic laboratories. This review will summarize current knowledge of the genetics of inherited cardiomyopathies and how findings from research laboratories may be translated into the diagnostic laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla R Bowles
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Liu Z, Song Y, Li D, He X, Li S, Wu B, Wang W, Gu S, Zhu X, Wang X, Zhou Q, Dai Y, Yan Q. The novel mitochondrial 16S rRNA 2336T>C mutation is associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Med Genet 2013; 51:176-84. [PMID: 24367055 PMCID: PMC3932983 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2013-101818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary disorder characterised by asymmetric thickening of septum and left ventricular wall, with a prevalence of 0.2% in the general population. Objective To describe a novel mitochondrial DNA mutation and its association with the pathogenesis of HCM. Methods and results All maternal members of a Chinese family with maternally transmitted HCM exhibited variable severity and age at onset, and were implanted permanent pacemakers due to complete atrioventricular block (AVB). Nuclear gene screening (MYH7, MYBPC3, TNNT2 and TNNI3) was performed, and no potential pathogenic mutation was identified. Mitochondrial DNA sequencing analysis identified a novel homoplasmic 16S rRNA 2336T>C mutation. This mutation was exclusively present in maternal members and absent in non-maternal members. Conservation index by comparison to 16 other vertebrates was 94.1%. This mutation disturbs the 2336U-A2438 base pair in the stem–loop structure of 16S rRNA domain III, which is involved in the assembly of mitochondrial ribosome. Oxygen consumption rate of the lymphoblastoid cells carrying 2336T>C mutation had decreased by 37% compared with controls. A reduction in mitochondrial ATP synthesis and an increase in reactive oxidative species production were also observed. Electron microscopic analysis indicated elongated mitochondria and abnormal mitochondrial cristae shape in mutant cells. Conclusions It is suggested that the 2336T>C mutation is one of pathogenic mutations of HCM. This is the first report of mitochondrial 16S rRNA 2336T>C mutation and an association with maternally inherited HCM combined with AVB. Our findings provide a new insight into the pathogenesis of HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Govindaraj P, Khan NA, Rani B, Rani DS, Selvaraj P, Jyothi V, Bahl A, Narasimhan C, Rakshak D, Premkumar K, Khullar M, Thangaraj K. Mitochondrial DNA variations associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Mitochondrion 2013; 16:65-72. [PMID: 24215792 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary disorder, characterized by unexplained hypertrophy of the left ventricle that frequently involved in the inter-ventricular septum. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations and haplogroups have been found to be associated with several diseases. Therefore, in the present study, we have sequenced the complete mtDNA of 114 clinically well-characterized HCM patients to look for the role of mtDNA variations and haplogroups in HCM phenotype among Indian patients. Complete mtDNA analysis revealed 28 novel variations, 25 disease-associated and 50 private mutations. We found 13 (11.40%) HCM patients having novel non-synonymous and/or MT-tRNA variations, of which two (m.4797C>M and m.8728T>Y) were in heteroplasmic condition. In silico prediction showed that a few mutations are pathogenic, which may affect the energy production in the heart. Unlike some of the other studies, we did not find association of mitochondrial haplogroup with HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Periyasamy Govindaraj
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | | | - Bindu Rani
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Deepa Selvi Rani
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | - Ajay Bahl
- Department of Cardiology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | - Kumpati Premkumar
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Madhu Khullar
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Augmenter of liver regeneration, a protective factor against ROS-induced oxidative damage in muscle tissue of mitochondrial myopathy affected patients. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:2410-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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26
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Amadoro G, Corsetti V, Florenzano F, Atlante A, Ciotti MT, Mongiardi MP, Bussani R, Nicolin V, Nori SL, Campanella M, Calissano P. AD-linked, toxic NH2 human tau affects the quality control of mitochondria in neurons. Neurobiol Dis 2013; 62:489-507. [PMID: 24411077 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional as well as structural alterations in mitochondria size, shape and distribution are precipitating, early events in progression of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). We reported that a 20-22kDa NH2-tau fragment (aka NH2htau), mapping between 26 and 230 amino acids of the longest human tau isoform, is detected in cellular and animal AD models and is neurotoxic in hippocampal neurons. The NH2htau -but not the physiological full-length protein- interacts with Aβ at human AD synapses and cooperates with it in inhibiting the mitochondrial ANT-1-dependent ADP/ATP exchange. Here we show that the NH2htau also adversely affects the interplay between the mitochondria dynamics and their selective autophagic clearance. Fragmentation and perinuclear mislocalization of mitochondria with smaller size and density are early found in dying NH2htau-expressing neurons. The specific effect of NH2htau on quality control of mitochondria is accompanied by (i) net reduction in their mass in correlation with a general Parkin-mediated remodeling of membrane proteome; (ii) their extensive association with LC3 and LAMP1 autophagic markers; (iii) bioenergetic deficits and (iv) in vitro synaptic pathology. These results suggest that NH2htau can compromise the mitochondrial biology thereby contributing to AD synaptic deficits not only by ANT-1 inactivation but also, indirectly, by impairing the quality control mechanism of these organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Amadoro
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), CNR, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100-00133, Rome, Italy; European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64-65-00143, Rome, Italy.
| | - V Corsetti
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64-65-00143, Rome, Italy
| | - F Florenzano
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64-65-00143, Rome, Italy; Institute of Cellular Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), CNR, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64-65-00143, Rome, Italy
| | - A Atlante
- Insitute of Biomembrane and Bioenergetic (IBBE), CNR, Via Amendola 165/A-70126, Bari, Italy
| | - M T Ciotti
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), CNR, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64-65-00143, Rome, Italy
| | - M P Mongiardi
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), CNR, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64-65-00143, Rome, Italy
| | - R Bussani
- UCO Anatomy and Pathological Histology, Hospital of Cattinara, Strada di Fiume 447-34149, Trieste Italy
| | - V Nicolin
- University of Trieste, Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Science-section of Human Morphology, Via Manzoni 16-34138, Trieste, Italy
| | - S L Nori
- University of Salerno, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences (FARMABIOMED), NANOMATES, Via Ponte don Melillo 1-85084, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - M Campanella
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64-65-00143, Rome, Italy; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, and Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, Royal College Street, NW1 0TU, United Kingdom
| | - P Calissano
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64-65-00143, Rome, Italy
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27
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Mitochondrial tRNA glutamine variant in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Herz 2013; 40:436-41. [PMID: 24068026 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-013-3950-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria play critical roles in both the life and death of cardiac myocytes. Pathogenic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations leading to mitochondrial dysfunction can cause cardiomyopathies (CMPs). Our aim was to investigate the underlying mitochondrial defect in a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (hCMP). A detailed clinical and molecular genetic analysis was performed. PATIENTS AND METHODS Total DNA was extracted from lymphocytes in a 14-year-old index male patient with hCMP, preexcitation syndrome, and severe ventricular arrhythmias. Direct sequencing of the PCR fragments was performed. To distinguish deleterious from functionally neutral variants, the ClustalW program, RNAfold software, and PolyPhen algorithm were applied, which predict the pathogenicity of a particular variant by using a set of empirical rules based on the nature of the mutation, the phylogenetic conservation of the variant, and the physicochemical property of the amino acid. RESULTS The mutational analysis of mtDNA genes revealed four variants. The m.4395A>G transition (C6G) in the MT-TQ gene, which altered an evolutionary conserved nucleotide, with a conservation index of 85.7 % and affected a highly conserved U.G base pair in the secondary structure of MT-TQ. Additionally, the previously reported polymorphisms m.14757T>A, m.15236A>G, and m.15314G>A resulting in the replacement of amino acid residues in the MT-CYB gene were detected. CONCLUSION The m.4395A>G variant was scored as possibly pathogenic and may exert a negative effect on heart function to generate hCMP.
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DING YU, XIA BOHOU, YU JINFANG, LENG JIANHANG, HUANG JINYU. Mitochondrial DNA mutations and essential hypertension (Review). Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:768-74. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Chen W, Huo J, Ma A, Bai L, Liu P. A novel mutation of the LMNA gene in a family with dilated cardiomyopathy, conduction system disease, and sudden cardiac death of young females. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 382:307-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1734-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Villar P, Bretón B, García-Pavía P, González-Páramos C, Blázquez A, Gómez-Bueno M, García-Silva T, García-Consuegra I, Martín MA, Garesse R, Bornstein B, Gallardo ME. Cardiac Dysfunction in Mitochondrial Disease. Circ J 2013; 77:2799-806. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-13-0557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Villar
- Biochemistry Unit, “Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro”
- Research Institute “Puerta de Hierro” Majadahonda (IDIPHIM)
| | - Begoña Bretón
- Biochemistry Unit, “Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro”
- Research Institute “Puerta de Hierro” Majadahonda (IDIPHIM)
| | - Pablo García-Pavía
- Cardiology Unit, “Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro”
- Net of Clinical and Basic Research in Heart Failure (REDINSCOR)
- Research Institute “Puerta de Hierro” Majadahonda (IDIPHIM)
| | | | - Alberto Blázquez
- Rare Diseases Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERER)
- Health Research Institute “Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12)”
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Diseases, Research Centre
| | - Manuel Gómez-Bueno
- Cardiology Unit, “Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro”
- Net of Clinical and Basic Research in Heart Failure (REDINSCOR)
- Research Institute “Puerta de Hierro” Majadahonda (IDIPHIM)
| | - Teresa García-Silva
- Health Research Institute “Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12)”
- Pediatrics Unit, “Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre”
| | - Ines García-Consuegra
- Health Research Institute “Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12)”
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Diseases, Research Centre
| | - Miguel Angel Martín
- Rare Diseases Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERER)
- Health Research Institute “Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12)”
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Diseases, Research Centre
| | - Rafael Garesse
- Biochemistry Departament, Biomedical Research Institute “Alberto Sols”, Medicine College, UAM-CSIC
- Rare Diseases Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERER)
- Health Research Institute “Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12)”
| | - Belen Bornstein
- Biochemistry Departament, Biomedical Research Institute “Alberto Sols”, Medicine College, UAM-CSIC
- Rare Diseases Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERER)
- Health Research Institute “Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12)”
- Biochemistry Unit, “Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro”
- Research Institute “Puerta de Hierro” Majadahonda (IDIPHIM)
| | - M. Esther Gallardo
- Biochemistry Departament, Biomedical Research Institute “Alberto Sols”, Medicine College, UAM-CSIC
- Rare Diseases Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERER)
- Health Research Institute “Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12)”
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Liu Z, Song Y, Gu S, He X, Zhu X, Shen Y, Wu B, Wang W, Li S, Jiang P, Lu J, Huang W, Yan Q. Mitochondrial ND5 12338T>C variant is associated with maternally inherited hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a Chinese pedigree. Gene 2012; 506:339-43. [PMID: 22759514 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a primary disorder characterized by asymmetric thickening of the septum and left ventricular wall, which affects 1 in 500 individuals in the general population. Mutations in mitochondrial DNA have been found to be one of the most important causes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Here we report the clinical, genetic and molecular characterization of a Han Chinese family with a likely maternally transmitted hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Four (2 men/2 women) of 5 matrilineal relatives in this 3-generation family exhibited the variable severity and age at onset of 44 to 79 years old. Sequence analysis of the entire mitochondrial DNA in this pedigree identified the known homoplasmic ND5 12338T>C variant. This mitochondrial DNA haplogroup belongs to the Eastern Asian F2a. The 12338T>C variant, highly evolutionarily conserved, resulted in the replacement of the translation initiating methionine with a threonine, shortening the ND5 polypeptide by 2 amino acids. The occurrence of ND5 12338T>C variant exclusively in maternal members of this Chinese family suggested that the 12338T>C variant is associated with maternally inherited hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Our findings will provide theoretical basis for genetic counseling of maternally inherited hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, PR China
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Limongelli G, Masarone D, D’Alessandro R, Elliott PM. Mitochondrial diseases and the heart: an overview of molecular basis, diagnosis, treatment and clinical course. Future Cardiol 2012; 8:71-88. [DOI: 10.2217/fca.11.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrion is the main site of production of ATP that represents the source of energy for a large number of cellular processes. Mitochondrial diseases that result in a deficit in ATP production can affect almost every organ system with a large spectrum of clinical phenotypes. Cardiomyocytes are particularly vulnerable to limited ATP supply because of their large energy requirement. Abnormalities in the mitochondrial function are increasingly recognized in association with dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, cardiac conduction defects, endothelial dysfunction and coronary artery disease. Cardiologists should, therefore, be alerted to symptoms and signs suggestive of mitochondrial diseases and become familiar with the general issues related to multisystem disease management, genetic counseling and testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Limongelli
- Monaldi Hospital Second University of Naples (SUN), Naples, Italy
- The Heart Hospital, University College of London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Daniele Masarone
- Monaldi Hospital Second University of Naples (SUN), Naples, Italy
| | | | - Perry M Elliott
- The Heart Hospital, University College of London (UCL), London, UK
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Garrabou G, Morén C, López S, Tobías E, Cardellach F, Miró O, Casademont J. The effects of sepsis on mitochondria. J Infect Dis 2011; 205:392-400. [PMID: 22180620 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired oxygen consumption, which may condition clinical outcome independent of tissue oxygenation. However, mitochondrial role in sepsis severity remains unknown. We aimed to characterize mitochondrial function in sepsis, establish its origin and cellular consequences, and determine its correlation with clinical symptoms and outcome. METHODS Different markers of mitochondrial activity, nitrosative and oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma of 19 septic patients and 20 controls. Plasma capacity to induce mitochondrial dysfunction was assessed in muscle mitochondria from 5 healthy individuals incubated with plasma of septic patients or controls. RESULTS Despite unaltered mitochondrial mass and protein synthesis, enzymatic mitochondrial complexes I, III, and IV and oxygen consumption were significantly inhibited in sepsis. Septic plasma tended to reduce oxygen consumption of healthy mitochondria and showed significantly increased amounts of extracellular mitochondrial DNA and inflammatory cytokines, especially in patients presenting adverse outcome. Active nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NFKB) was also significantly increased, together with nitric oxide, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Additionally, sepsis severity significantly correlated with complex I inhibition, NFKB activation and intercellular adhesion molecule expression. CONCLUSIONS A plasmatic factor such as nitric oxide, increased in inflammation and able to induce mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and apoptosis, may be responsible for cell damage in sepsis. Together with bacterial infection, leakage of mitochondrial DNA from damaged cells into circulation could contribute to systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation correlate with sepsis severity and outcome, becoming targets for supporting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glòria Garrabou
- Mitochondrial Research Laboratory, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona (HCB, Barcelona) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER, Valencia).
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Abstract
Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are one of the molecular bases of hypertension. Among these, the tRNAMet A4435G, tRNAMet/tRNAGln A4401G, tRNAIle A4263G, T4291C and A4295G mutations have been reported to be associated with essential hypertension. These mutations alter the structure of the corresponding mitochondrial tRNAs and cause failures in tRNA metabolism. These shortages of these tRNAs lead to an impairment of mitochondrial protein synthesis and a failure in the oxidative phosphorylation function. These result in a deficit in ATP synthesis and an increase of generation of reactive oxygen species. As a result, these mitochondrial dysfunctions may contribute to the development of hypertension. Furthermore, the tissue specificity of these pathogenic mtDNA mutations might be associated with tRNA metabolism and nuclear modifier genes. These mtDNA mutations should be considered as inherited risk factors for future molecular diagnosis. Thus, these findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanism, management and treatment of maternally inherited hypertension. This review summarized the association between mtDNA mutations and hypertension.
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Arredondo JJ, Gallardo ME, García-Pavía P, Domingo V, Bretón B, García-Silva MT, Sedano MJ, Martín MA, Arenas J, Cervera M, Garesse R, Bornstein B. Mitochondrial tRNA valine as a recurrent target for mutations involved in mitochondrial cardiomyopathies. Mitochondrion 2011; 12:357-62. [PMID: 21986556 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2011.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the genetic defect in two patients having cardiac dysfunction accompanied by neurological symptoms, and in one case MRI evidence of cortical and cerebellar atrophy with hyperintensities in the basal ganglia. Muscle biopsies from each patient revealed single and combined mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency. The complete mtDNA sequencing of both patients revealed two transitions in the mitochondrial tRNA(Val) gene (MT-TV) (m.1628C>T in Patient 1, and m.1644G>A in Patient 2). The functional and molecular analyses reported here suggest that the MT-TV gene should be routinely considered in the diagnosis of mitochondrial cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Arredondo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols CSIC-UAM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
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[Advances in the molecular pathogenesis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. YI CHUAN = HEREDITAS 2011; 33:549-57. [PMID: 21684859 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1005.2011.00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a primary cardiac disorder characterized by asymmetric thickening of the septum and left ventricular wall. HCM affects 1 in 500 individuals in the general population, and it is the most common cause of sudden death in the young and athletes. The clinic phenotype of HCM is highly variable with respect to age at onset, degree of symptoms, and risk of sudden death. HCM is usually inherited as a Mendelian autosomal dominant trait. To date, over 900 mutations have been reported in HCM, which were mainly located in 13 genes encoding cardiac sarcomere protein, e.g., MYH7, MYBPC3, and TnT. In addition, more and more mitochondrial DNA mutations were reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of HCM. Based on the description of the clinical phenotype and morphological characteristics, this review focuses on the research in the molecular pathogenic mechanism of HCM and its recent advances.
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Garrabou G, Inoriza JM, Morén C, Oliu G, Miró Ò, Martí MJ, Cardellach F. Mitochondrial injury in human acute carbon monoxide poisoning: the effect of oxygen treatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2011; 29:32-51. [PMID: 21424975 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2011.551316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The best oxygen therapy for acute carbon monoxide poisoning (ACOP) remains unestablished. Reported mitochondrial complex IV (mtCIV) inhibition, together with carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb)-induced hypoxia, may influence acute clinical symptoms and outcome. To "mitochondrially" evaluate treatment efficacy, we correlated intoxication severity and symptoms with mitochondrial function (mtCIV activity) and oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation) in 60 poisoned patients and determined ACOP recovery depending on either normobaric or hyperbaric oxygen therapy along a 3-month follow-up. In the present article we positively evaluate mtCIV as a good marker of ACOP recovery, treatment effectiveness, and late neurological syndrome development, which advocates for hyperbaric oxygen therapy as the treatment of choice. However, we discourage its usefulness as a severity marker because of its excessive sensitivity. We additionally evaluate oxidative stress role and prognostic factors for neurological sequelae development.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Garrabou
- Mitochondrial Research Laboratory, Muscle Research Unit, IDIBAPS-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Department-Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Mitochondrial cardiomyopathies: how to identify candidate pathogenic mutations by mitochondrial DNA sequencing, MITOMASTER and phylogeny. Eur J Hum Genet 2010; 19:200-7. [PMID: 20978534 PMCID: PMC3025796 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2010.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations leading to mitochondrial dysfunction can cause cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Owing to a high mutation rate, mtDNA defects may occur at any nucleotide in its 16 569 bp sequence. Complete mtDNA sequencing may detect pathogenic mutations, which can be difficult to interpret because of normal ethnic/geographic-associated haplogroup variation. Our goal is to show how to identify candidate mtDNA mutations by sorting out polymorphisms using readily available online tools. The purpose of this approach is to help investigators in prioritizing mtDNA variants for functional analysis to establish pathogenicity. We analyzed complete mtDNA sequences from 29 Italian patients with mitochondrial cardiomyopathy or suspected disease. Using MITOMASTER and PhyloTree, we characterized 593 substitution variants by haplogroup and allele frequencies to identify all novel, non-haplogroup-associated variants. MITOMASTER permitted determination of each variant's location, amino acid change and evolutionary conservation. We found that 98% of variants were common or rare, haplogroup-associated variants, and thus unlikely to be primary cause in 80% of cases. Six variants were novel, non-haplogroup variants and thus possible contributors to disease etiology. Two with the greatest pathogenic potential were heteroplasmic, nonsynonymous variants: m.15132T>C in MT-CYB for a patient with hypertrophic dilated cardiomyopathy and m.6570G>T in MT-CO1 for a patient with myopathy. In summary, we have used our automated information system, MITOMASTER, to make a preliminary distinction between normal mtDNA variation and pathogenic mutations in patient samples; this fast and easy approach allowed us to select the variants for traditional analysis to establish pathogenicity.
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MELAS syndrome, cardiomyopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and autism associated with the A3260G mitochondrial DNA mutation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 402:443-7. [PMID: 20965148 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The A to G transition mutation at position 3260 of the mitochondrial genome is usually associated with cardiomyopathy and myopathy. One Japanese kindred reported the phenotype of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS syndrome) in association with the A3260G mtDNA mutation. We describe the first Caucasian cases of MELAS syndrome associated with the A3260G mutation. Furthermore, this mutation was associated with exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis, hearing loss, seizures, cardiomyopathy, and autism in the large kindred. We conclude that the A3260G mtDNA mutation is associated with wide phenotypic heterogeneity with MELAS and other "classical" mitochondrial phenotypes being manifestations.
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40
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Modeling mitochondrial encephalomyopathy in Drosophila. Neurobiol Dis 2010; 40:40-5. [PMID: 20472065 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2010.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies are disturbingly complex and devastating diseases, reflecting the underlying importance of the affected organelle. Therapeutic approaches for these diseases remain limited due to a poor understanding of disease pathogenesis resulting largely from a lack of tractable model systems in which to study these diseases. This is especially so for disease conditions resulting from mutations directly affecting the mitochondrial genome. Recent studies using Drosophila to develop genetic models with endogenous mitochondrial mutations suggest the fruit fly will contribute significantly to our understanding of mitochondrial disease pathogenesis and the development of novel therapeutic avenues.
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41
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Morris MA. Mitochondrial DNA mutations and disease: It's the quantity that counts. Neuroophthalmology 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/01658109309038158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Li R, Liu Y, Li Z, Yang L, Wang S, Guan MX. Failures in mitochondrial tRNAMet and tRNAGln metabolism caused by the novel 4401A>G mutation are involved in essential hypertension in a Han Chinese Family. Hypertension 2009; 54:329-37. [PMID: 19546379 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.129270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We report here on the clinical, genetic, and molecular characterization of 1 Han Chinese family with maternally transmitted hypertension. Three of 7 matrilineal relatives in this 4-generation family exhibited the variable degree of essential hypertension at the age at onset, ranging from 35 to 60 years old. Sequence analysis of the complete mitochondrial DNA in this pedigree identified the novel homoplasmic 4401A>G mutation localizing at the spacer immediately to the 5' end of tRNA(Met) and tRNA(Gln) genes and 39 other variants belonging to the Asian haplogroup C. The 4401A>G mutation was absent in 242 Han Chinese controls. Approximately 30% reductions in the steady-state levels of tRNA(Met) and tRNA(Gln) were observed in 2 lymphoblastoid cell lines carrying the 4401A>G mutation compared with 2 control cell lines lacking this mutation. Failures in mitochondrial metabolism are apparently a primary contributor to the reduced rate of mitochondrial translation and reductions in the rate of overall respiratory capacity, malate/glutamate-promoted respiration, succinate/glycerol-3-phosphate-promoted respiration, or N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine/ascorbate-promoted respiration in lymphoblastoid cell lines carrying the 4401A>G mutation. The homoplasmic form, mild biochemical defect, late onset, and incomplete penetrance of hypertension in this family suggest that the 4401A>G mutation itself is insufficient to produce a clinical phenotype. Thus, the other modifier factors, eg, nuclear modifier genes and environmental and personal factors, may also contribute to the development of hypertension in these subjects carrying this mutation. These data suggest that mitochondrial dysfunctions, caused by the 4401A>G mutation, are involved in the development of hypertension in this Chinese pedigree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghua Li
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
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Liu Y, Li R, Li Z, Wang XJ, Yang L, Wang S, Guan MX. Mitochondrial transfer RNAMet 4435A>G mutation is associated with maternally inherited hypertension in a Chinese pedigree. Hypertension 2009; 53:1083-90. [PMID: 19398658 PMCID: PMC2907152 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.128702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA mutations have been associated with cardiovascular disease. We report here the clinical, genetic, and molecular characterization of 1 Han Chinese family with suggestively maternally transmitted hypertension. Matrilineal relatives in this family exhibited the variable degree of hypertension at the age at onset of 44 to 55 years old. Sequence analysis of entire mitochondrial DNA in this pedigree identified the known homoplasmic 4435A>G mutation, which is located immediately at the 3 prime end to the anticodon, corresponding with the conventional position 37 of tRNA(Met), and 35 other variants belonging to the Asian haplogroup B5a. The adenine (A37) at this position of tRNA(Met) is extraordinarily conserved from bacteria to human mitochondria. This modified A37 was shown to contribute to the high fidelity of codon recognition, the structural formation, and stabilization of functional tRNAs. In fact, a 40% reduction in the levels of tRNA(Met) was observed in cells carrying the 4435A>G mutation. As a result, a failure in mitochondrial tRNA metabolism, caused by the 4435A>G mutation, led to approximately 30% reduction in the rate of mitochondrial translation. However, the homoplasmic form, mild biochemical defect, and late onset of hypertension in subjects carrying the 4435A>G mutation suggest that the 4435A>G mutation itself is insufficient to produce a clinical phenotype. The other modifier factors, such as nuclear modifier genes, environmental, and personal factors may also contribute to the development of hypertension in the subjects carrying this mutation. Our findings imply that the 4435A>G mutation may act as an inherited risk factor for the development of hypertension in this Chinese pedigree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Liu
- Institute of Geriatric Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
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44
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Multisystem manifestations of mitochondrial disorders. J Neurol 2009; 256:693-710. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-009-5028-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2008] [Accepted: 11/11/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Akaike M, Kawai H, Yokoi K, Kunishige M, Mine H, Nishida Y, Saito S. Cardiac dysfunction in patients with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia. Clin Cardiol 2009; 20:239-43. [PMID: 9068909 PMCID: PMC6656238 DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960200310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO), which includes Kearns-Sayre syndrome, is a mitochondrial disorder with large deletions of mitochondrial DNA. Recently, mtDNA deletions in cardiac muscle cells were thought to be a cause of dilated cardiomyopathy. However, the cardiac involvement in patients with CPEO is generally considered to be limited to the cardiac conduction system. HYPOTHESIS The purpose of this study was to evaluate left ventricular function in patients with CPEO. METHODS We evaluated the cardiac function of five patients with CPEO by means of carotid pulse recording and Doppler echocardiography. RESULTS The ratio of the pre-ejection period to ejection time was increased to 0.67 in one patient and to 0.50 in another. Echocardiography showed left ventricular dilatation and diffuse hypokinetic wall motion in both cases. Left ventricular fractional shortening was decreased to 5 and 19%, respectively, and the mean rate of circumferential shortening was decreased to 0.12 and 0.63 circ/s, respectively. One of the two patient died of congestive heart failure 2 months after the study. The Doppler pattern of left ventricular filling in the three remaining patients showed a decrease in the ratio of peak flow velocity in early diastole to that in late diastole, with an increase in deceleration time. CONCLUSION Although cardiac involvement in patients with CPEO is generally considered to be limited to the cardiac conduction system, left ventricular dysfunction may be present and should receive more attention in the management of patients with CPEO.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Akaike
- First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Tokushima, Japan
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46
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Sproule DM, Kaufmann P. Mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes: basic concepts, clinical phenotype, and therapeutic management of MELAS syndrome. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1142:133-58. [PMID: 18990125 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1444.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Since the initial description almost 25 years ago, the syndrome of mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes (MELAS) has been a useful model to study the complex interplay of factors that define mitochondrial disease. This syndrome, most commonly caused by an A-to-G transition mutation at position 3243 of the mitochondrial genome, is typified by characteristic neurological manifestations including seizures, encephalopathy, and strokelike episodes, as well as other frequent secondary manifestations including short stature, cognitive impairment, migraines, depression, cardiomyopathy, cardiac conduction defects, and diabetes mellitus. In this review, we discuss the history, pathogenesis, clinical features, and diagnostic and management strategies of mitochondrial disease in general and of MELAS in particular. We explore features of mitochondrial genetics, including the concepts of heteroplasmy, mitotic segregation, and threshold effect, as a basis for understanding the variability and complicated inheritance patterns seen with this group of diseases. We also describe systemic manifestations of MELAS-associated mutations, including cardiac, renal, endocrine, gastrointestinal, and endothelial abnormalities and pathology, as well as the hypothetical role of derangements to COX enzymatic function in driving the unique pathology and clinical manifestations of MELAS. Although therapeutic options for MELAS and other mitochondrial diseases remain limited, and recent trials have been disappointing, we also consider current and potential therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas M Sproule
- Columbia University, Pediatric Neurology, 180 Fort Washington Ave., Harkness Pavilion, 5th floor, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Sproule DM, Dyme J, Coku J, de Vinck D, Rosenzweig E, Chung WK, De Vivo DC. Pulmonary artery hypertension in a child with MELAS due to a point mutation of the mitochondrial tRNA((Leu)) gene (m.3243A>G). J Inherit Metab Dis 2008; 31 Suppl 3:497-503. [PMID: 18181029 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-007-0735-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2007] [Revised: 12/02/2007] [Accepted: 12/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although linked with cardiac dysfunction, the association of MELAS (mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes) and pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) has not been previously described. PAH and right ventricular heart failure were identified by echocardiography in a 3-year-old boy with a history of hypotonia, microcephaly and developmental delay. He initially presented with a 10-day history of dyspnoea, dependent oedema and reduced oral intake. Lactic acidosis was noted on serial arterial blood sampling and cerebrospinal fluid. Muscle biopsy demonstrated cytochrome-c oxidase-positive 'ragged-red' fibres consistent with MELAS; subsequent analyses revealed the m.3243A>G point mutation most commonly associated with MELAS. The mutation was heteroplasmic, representing 92% of the total mtDNA from a lung sample. Nitric oxide and epoprostenol were administered without significant clinical or echocardiographic improvement of his PAH. A 'mitochondrial cocktail' including biotin, riboflavin, carnitine and coenzyme Q10 also was provided. Five months after presentation, he developed seizures; MRI imaging of his brain demonstrated multiple focal lesions. His clinical status worsened with increasing cardiopulmonary failure. He died two months later. Although therapy for both MELAS and PAH remains limited, recent investigations suggest a beneficial role for l-arginine in both conditions, implying a possible common pathophysiology. Mitochondrial diseases such as MELAS should be considered in cases of idiopathic PAH, particularly when associated with multisystem involvement including short stature, hearing loss, renal dysfunction, retinopathy, diabetes mellitus, migraines, seizures, ophthalmoplegia, fatigability and weakness.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Sproule
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, Harkness Pavilion, HP-544, 180 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, NY, 10032-3791, USA,
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Santos C, Montiel R, Arruda A, Alvarez L, Aluja MP, Lima M. Mutation patterns of mtDNA: empirical inferences for the coding region. BMC Evol Biol 2008; 8:167. [PMID: 18518963 PMCID: PMC2438339 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-8-167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2007] [Accepted: 06/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been extensively used in population and evolutionary genetics studies. Thus, a valid estimate of human mtDNA evolutionary rate is important in many research fields. The small number of estimations performed for the coding region of the molecule, showed important differences between phylogenetic and empirical approaches. We analyzed a portion of the coding region of mtDNA (tRNALeu, ND1 and tRNAIle genes), using individuals belonging to extended families from the Azores Islands (Portugal) with the main aim of providing empirical estimations of the mutation rate of the coding region of mtDNA under different assumptions, and hence to better understand the mtDNA evolutionary process. Results Heteroplasmy was detected in 6.5% (3/46) of the families analyzed. In all of the families the presence of mtDNA heteroplasmy resulted from three new point mutations, and no cases of insertions or deletions were identified. Major differences were found in the proportion and type of heteroplasmy found in the genes studied when compared to those obtained in a previous report for the D-loop. Our empirical estimation of mtDNA coding region mutation rate, calculated taking into account the sex of individuals carrying new mutations, the probability of intra-individual fixation of mutations present in heteroplasmy and, to the possible extent, the effect of selection, is similar to that obtained using phylogenetic approaches. Conclusion Based on our results, the discrepancy previously reported between the human mtDNA coding region mutation rates observed along evolutionary timescales and estimations obtained using family pedigrees can be resolved when correcting for the previously cited factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Santos
- Center for Research in Natural Resources (CIRN), University of the Azores, 9500 Ponta Delgada, S, Miguel, Azores, Portugal.
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Zifa E, Theotokis P, Kaminari A, Maridaki H, Leze H, Petsiava E, Mamuris Z, Stathopoulos C. A novel G3337A mitochondrial ND1 mutation related to cardiomyopathy co-segregates with tRNALeu(CUN) A12308G and tRNAThr C15946T mutations. Mitochondrion 2008; 8:229-36. [PMID: 18502698 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2008.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2008] [Revised: 04/08/2008] [Accepted: 04/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We describe a novel mutation in human mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase 1 gene (ND1), a G to A transition at nucleotide position 3337, which is co-segregated with two known mutations in tRNALeu(CUN) A12308G and tRNAThr C15946T. These mutations were detected in two unrelated patients with different clinical phenotypes, exhibiting cardiomyopathy as the common symptom. The ND1 G3337A mutation that was detected was found almost homoplasmic in the two patients and it was absent in 150 individuals that were tested as control group. Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I activity of the patients platelets was also tested and found decreased compared to those of controls. We suggest that the co-existence of mutations in tRNA and ND1 genes may act synergistically affecting the clinical phenotype. Our study highlights the enormous phenotypic diversity that exists among pathogenic mtDNA mutations and re-emphasizes the need for a more careful clinical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Zifa
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Street, 41221 Larissa, Greece
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Álvarez-Iglesias V, Barros F, Carracedo Á, Salas A. Minisequencing mitochondrial DNA pathogenic mutations. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2008; 9:26. [PMID: 18402672 PMCID: PMC2377236 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-9-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2007] [Accepted: 04/10/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are a number of well-known mutations responsible of common mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diseases. In order to overcome technical problems related to the analysis of complete mtDNA genomes, a variety of different techniques have been proposed that allow the screening of coding region pathogenic mutations. METHODS We here propose a minisequencing assay for the analysis of mtDNA mutations. In a single reaction, we interrogate a total of 25 pathogenic mutations distributed all around the whole mtDNA genome in a sample of patients suspected for mtDNA disease. RESULTS We have detected 11 causal homoplasmic mutations in patients suspected for Leber disease, which were further confirmed by standard automatic sequencing. Mutations m.11778G>A and m.14484T>C occur at higher frequency than expected by change in the Galician (northwest Spain) patients carrying haplogroup J lineages (Fisher's Exact test, P-value < 0.01). The assay performs well in mixture experiments of wild:mutant DNAs that emulate heteroplasmic conditions in mtDNA diseases. CONCLUSION We here developed a minisequencing genotyping method for the screening of the most common pathogenic mtDNA mutations which is simple, fast, and low-cost. The technique is robust and reproducible and can easily be implemented in standard clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Álvarez-Iglesias
- Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica (FPGMX), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Francisco Barros
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica (FPGMX), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Ángel Carracedo
- Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica (FPGMX), Hospital Clínico Universitario, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Antonio Salas
- Unidade de Xenética, Instituto de Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
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