1
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Jones AW. Brief history of the alcohol biomarkers CDT, EtG, EtS, 5-HTOL, and PEth. Drug Test Anal 2024; 16:570-587. [PMID: 37806783 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
This article traces the historical development of various biomarkers of acute and/or chronic alcohol consumption. Much of the research in this domain of clinical and laboratory medicine arose from clinics and laboratories in Sweden, as exemplified by carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) and phosphatidylethanol (PEth). Extensive studies of other alcohol biomarkers, such as ethyl glucuronide (EtG), ethyl sulfate (EtS), and 5-hydroxytryptophol (5-HTOL), also derive from Sweden. The most obvious test of recent drinking is identification of ethanol in a sample of the person's blood, breath, or urine. However, because of continuous metabolism in the liver, ethanol is eliminated from the blood at a rate of 0.15 g/L/h (range 0.1-0.3 g/L/h), so obtaining positive results is not always possible. The widow of detection is increased by analysis of ethanol's non-oxidative metabolites (EtG and EtS), which are more slowly eliminated from the bloodstream. Likewise, an elevated ratio of serotonin metabolites in urine (5-HTOL/5-HIAA) can help to disclose recent drinking after ethanol is no longer measurable in body fluids. A highly specific biomarker of hazardous drinking is CDT, a serum glycoprotein (transferrin), with a deficiency in its N-linked glycosylation. Another widely acclaimed biomarker is PEth, an abnormal phospholipid synthesized in cell membranes when people drink excessively, having a long elimination half-life (median ~6 days) during abstinence. Research on the subject of alcohol biomarkers has increased appreciably and is now an important area of drug testing and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Wayne Jones
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
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2
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Hanioka N, Isobe T, Saito K, Nagaoka K, Mori Y, Jinno H, Ohkawara S, Tanaka-Kagawa T. Hepatic glucuronidation of tetrabromobisphenol A and tetrachlorobisphenol A: interspecies differences in humans and laboratory animals and responsible UDP-glucuronosyltransferase isoforms in humans. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:837-848. [PMID: 38182911 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and tetrachlorobisphenol A (TCBPA), bisphenol A (BPA) analogs, are endocrine-disrupting chemicals predominantly metabolized into glucuronides by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes in humans and rats. In the present study, TBBPA and TCBPA glucuronidation by the liver microsomes of humans and laboratory animals (monkeys, dogs, minipigs, rats, mice, and hamsters) and recombinant human hepatic UGTs (10 isoforms) were examined. TBBPA glucuronidation by the liver microsomes followed the Michaelis-Menten model kinetics in humans, rats, and hamsters and the biphasic model in monkeys, dogs, minipigs, and mice. The CLint values based on the Eadie-Hofstee plots were mice (147) > monkeys (122) > minipigs (108) > humans (100) and rats (98) > dogs (81) > hamsters (47). TCBPA glucuronidation kinetics by the liver microsomes followed the biphasic model in all species except for minipigs, which followed the Michaelis-Menten model. The CLint values were monkeys (172) > rats (151) > mice (134) > minipigs (104), dogs (102), and humans (100) > hamsters (88). Among recombinant human UGTs examined, UGT1A1 and UGT1A9 showed higher TBBPA and TCBPA glucuronidation abilities. The kinetics of TBBPA and TCBPA glucuronidation followed the substrate inhibition model in UGT1A1 and the Michaelis-Menten model in UGT1A9. The CLint values were UGT1A1 (100) > UGT1A9 (42) for TBBPA glucuronidation and UGT1A1 (100) > UGT1A9 (53) for TCBPA glucuronidation, and the activities at high substrate concentration ranges were higher in UGT1A9 than in UGT1A1 for both TBBPA and TCBPA. These results suggest that the glucuronidation abilities toward TBBPA and TCBPA in the liver differ extensively across species, and that UGT1A1 and UGT1A9 expressed in the liver mainly contribute to the metabolism and detoxification of TBBPA and TCBPA in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobumitsu Hanioka
- Department of Health Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, 245-0066, Japan.
| | - Takashi Isobe
- Department of Health Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, 245-0066, Japan
| | - Keita Saito
- School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka-ku, Okayama, 703-8516, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Nagaoka
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 790-8578, Japan
| | - Yoko Mori
- Health and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Hideto Jinno
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8503, Japan
| | - Susumu Ohkawara
- Department of Health Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, 245-0066, Japan
| | - Toshiko Tanaka-Kagawa
- Department of Health Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, 245-0066, Japan
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3
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Yang F, Wenzel M, Bureik M, Parr MK. Glucuronidation Pathways of 5- and 7-Hydroxypropranolol: Determination of Glucuronide Structures and Enzyme Selectivity. Molecules 2023; 28:7783. [PMID: 38067513 PMCID: PMC10707847 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Propranolol, a non-selective beta-blocker medication, has been utilized in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases for several decades. Its hydroxynaphthyl metabolites have been recognized to possess varying degrees of beta-blocker activity due to the unaltered side-chain. This study achieved the successful separation and identification of diastereomeric glucuronic metabolites derived from 4-, 5-, and 7-hydroxypropranolol (4-OHP, 5-OHP, and 7-OHP) in human urine. Subsequently, reaction phenotyping of 5- and 7-hydroxypropranolol by different uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) was carried out, with a comparison to the glucuronidation of 4-hydroxypropranolol (4-OHP). Among the 19 UGT enzymes examined, UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A7, UGT1A8, UGT1A9, UGT1A10, UGT2A1, and UGT2A2 were found to be involved in the glucuronidation of 5-OHP. Furthermore, UGT1A6 exhibited glucuronidation activity towards 7-OHP, along with the aforementioned eight UGTs. Results obtained by glucuronidation of corresponding methoxypropranolols and MS/MS analysis of 1,2-dimethylimidazole-4-sulfonyl (DMIS) derivatives of hydroxypropranolol glucuronides suggest that both the aromatic and aliphatic hydroxy groups of the hydroxypropranolols may be glucuronidated in vitro. However, the analysis of human urine samples collected after the administration of propranolol leads us to conclude that aromatic-linked glucuronidation is the preferred pathway under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry (Pharmaceutical Analyses), Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (F.Y.); (M.W.)
| | - Maxi Wenzel
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry (Pharmaceutical Analyses), Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (F.Y.); (M.W.)
| | - Matthias Bureik
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;
| | - Maria Kristina Parr
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry (Pharmaceutical Analyses), Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (F.Y.); (M.W.)
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4
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Singh AK, Khan S, Moore D, Andrews S, Christophorou MA. Transcriptomic analysis of PADI4 target genes during multi-lineage differentiation of embryonic stem cells. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220236. [PMID: 37778387 PMCID: PMC10542446 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
During mammalian embryo development, pluripotent epiblast cells diversify into the three primary germ layers, which will later give rise to all fetal and adult tissues. These processes involve profound transcriptional and epigenetic changes that require precise coordination. Peptidylarginine deiminase IV (PADI4) is a transcriptional regulator that is strongly associated with inflammation and carcinogenesis but whose physiological roles are less well understood. We previously found that Padi4 expression is associated with pluripotency. Here, we examined the role of PADI4 in maintaining the multi-lineage differentiation potential of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. Using bulk and single-cell transcriptomic analyses of embryoid bodies (EBs) derived from Padi4 knock-out (Padi4-KO) mouse ES cells, we find that PADI4 loss impairs mesoderm diversification and differentiation of cardimyocytes and endothelial cells. Additionally, Padi4 deletion leads to concerted downregulation of genes associated with polarized growth, sterol metabolism and the extracellular matrix (ECM). This study indicates a requirement for Padi4 in the specification of the mesodermal lineage and reports the Padi4 associated transcriptome, providing a platform for understanding the physiological functions of Padi4 in development and homeostasis. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'The virtues and vices of protein citrullination'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soumen Khan
- Epigenetics, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Daniel Moore
- Epigenetics, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Simon Andrews
- Bioinformatics Facility, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
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5
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Sato H, Marutani R, Takaoka R, Mori‐Fegan D, Wang X, Maeda K, Kusuhara H, Suzuki H, Yoshioka H, Hisaka A. Model-based meta-analysis of ethnic differences and their variabilities in clearance of oral drugs classified by clearance mechanism. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2023; 12:1132-1142. [PMID: 37309079 PMCID: PMC10431045 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the ethnic ratios (ERs) of oral clearance between Japanese and Western populations were subjected to model-based meta-analysis (MBMA) for 81 drugs evaluated in 673 clinical studies. The drugs were classified into eight groups according to the clearance mechanism, and the ER for each group was inferred together with interindividual variability (IIV), interstudy variability (ISV), and inter-drug variability within a group (IDV) using the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. The ER, IIV, ISV, and IDV were dependent on the clearance mechanism, and, except for particular groups such as drugs metabolized by polymorphic enzymes or their clearance mechanism is not confirmative, the ethnic difference was found to be generally small. The IIV was well-matched across ethnicities, and the ISV was approximately half of the IIV as the coefficient of variation. To adequately assess ethnic differences in oral clearance without false detections, phase I studies should be designed with full consideration of the mechanism of clearance. This study suggests that the methodology of classifying drugs based on the mechanism that causes ethnic differences and performing MBMA with statistical techniques such as MCMC analysis is helpful for a rational understanding of ethnic differences and for strategic drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Sato
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | | | - Ryota Takaoka
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesChiba UniversityChibaJapan
- The University of Tokyo HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Daniel Mori‐Fegan
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Xinying Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Kazuya Maeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Laboratory of PharmaceuticsKitasato University School of PharmacyTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Kusuhara
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | | | - Hideki Yoshioka
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Akihiro Hisaka
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesChiba UniversityChibaJapan
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6
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Miners JO, Polasek TM, Hulin JA, Rowland A, Meech R. Drug-drug interactions that alter the exposure of glucuronidated drugs: Scope, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzyme selectivity, mechanisms (inhibition and induction), and clinical significance. Pharmacol Ther 2023:108459. [PMID: 37263383 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) arising from the perturbation of drug metabolising enzyme activities represent both a clinical problem and a potential economic loss for the pharmaceutical industry. DDIs involving glucuronidated drugs have historically attracted little attention and there is a perception that interactions are of minor clinical relevance. This review critically examines the scope and aetiology of DDIs that result in altered exposure of glucuronidated drugs. Interaction mechanisms, namely inhibition and induction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes and the potential interplay with drug transporters, are reviewed in detail, as is the clinical significance of known DDIs. Altered victim drug exposure arising from modulation of UGT enzyme activities is relatively common and, notably, the incidence and importance of UGT induction as a DDI mechanism is greater than generally believed. Numerous DDIs are clinically relevant, resulting in either loss of efficacy or an increased risk of adverse effects, necessitating dose individualisation. Several generalisations relating to the likelihood of DDIs can be drawn from the known substrate and inhibitor selectivities of UGT enzymes, highlighting the importance of comprehensive reaction phenotyping studies at an early stage of drug development. Further, rigorous assessment of the DDI liability of new chemical entities that undergo glucuronidation to a significant extent has been recommended recently by regulatory guidance. Although evidence-based approaches exist for the in vitro characterisation of UGT enzyme inhibition and induction, the availability of drugs considered appropriate for use as 'probe' substrates in clinical DDI studies is limited and this should be research priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- John O Miners
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Thomas M Polasek
- Certara, Princeton, NJ, USA; Centre for Medicines Use and Safety, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julie-Ann Hulin
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andrew Rowland
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Robyn Meech
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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7
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Öeren M, Kaempf SC, Ponting DJ, Hunt PA, Segall MD. Predicting Regioselectivity of Cytosolic Sulfotransferase Metabolism for Drugs. J Chem Inf Model 2023. [PMID: 37229540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs) are a family of enzymes responsible for the sulfation of small endogenous and exogenous compounds. SULTs contribute to the conjugation phase of metabolism and share substrates with the uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) family of enzymes. UGTs are considered to be the most important enzymes in the conjugation phase, and SULTs are an auxiliary enzyme system to them. Understanding how the regioselectivity of SULTs differs from that of UGTs is essential from the perspective of developing novel drug candidates. We present a general ligand-based SULT model trained and tested using high-quality experimental regioselectivity data. The current study suggests that, unlike other metabolic enzymes in the modification and conjugation phases, the SULT regioselectivity is not strongly influenced by the activation energy of the rate-limiting step of the catalysis. Instead, the prominent role is played by the substrate binding site of SULT. Thus, the model is trained only on steric and orientation descriptors, which mimic the binding pocket of SULT. The resulting classification model, which predicts whether a site is metabolized, achieved a Cohen's kappa of 0.71.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Öeren
- Cambridge Innovation Park, Optibrium Limited, Denny End Road, Cambridge CB25 9GL, U.K
| | - Sylvia C Kaempf
- Cambridge Innovation Park, Optibrium Limited, Denny End Road, Cambridge CB25 9GL, U.K
- School of Chemistry, North Haugh, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - David J Ponting
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds LS11 5PS, U.K
| | - Peter A Hunt
- Cambridge Innovation Park, Optibrium Limited, Denny End Road, Cambridge CB25 9GL, U.K
| | - Matthew D Segall
- Cambridge Innovation Park, Optibrium Limited, Denny End Road, Cambridge CB25 9GL, U.K
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8
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Son J, Wu Z, Dou J, Fujita H, Cao PLD, Liu Q, Lindsey JS. Tethered Indoxyl-Glucuronides for Enzymatically Triggered Cross-Linking. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104143. [PMID: 37241884 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoxyl-glucuronides, upon treatment with β-glucuronidase under physiological conditions, are well known to afford the corresponding indigoid dye via oxidative dimerization. Here, seven indoxyl-glucuronide target compounds have been prepared along with 22 intermediates. Of the target compounds, four contain a conjugatable handle (azido-PEG, hydroxy-PEG, or BCN) attached to the indoxyl moiety, while three are isomers that include a PEG-ethynyl group at the 5-, 6-, or 7-position. All seven target compounds have been examined in indigoid-forming reactions upon treatment with β-glucuronidase from two different sources and rat liver tritosomes. Taken together, the results suggest the utility of tethered indoxyl-glucuronides for use in bioconjugation chemistry with a chromogenic readout under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juno Son
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jinghuai Dou
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Hikaru Fujita
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Phuong-Lien Doan Cao
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Qihui Liu
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jonathan S Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Miao Y, Chen PP, Zhang M, Cui FP, Liu C, Deng YL, Zeng JY, Yin WJ, Zeng Q. Within-day variability, predictors, and risk assessments of exposure to parabens among Chinese adult men. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 218:115026. [PMID: 36502903 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parabens, as suspected endocrine disruptors, are widely used in personal care products and pharmaceuticals. However, variability, predictors, and risk assessments of human exposure to parabens are not well characterized. OBJECTIVE To evaluate within-day variability, predictors, and risk assessments of exposure to parabens among Chinese adult men. METHODS We measured four parabens including methylparaben (MeP), ethylparaben (EtP), propylparaben (PrP), and butylparaben (BuP) in repeated urine samples from 850 Chinese adult men. We examined the variability by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and identified the predictors by multivariable linear mixed models. We assessed risks of paraben exposures based on the estimated daily intake (EDI). RESULTS The four parabens were detected in >76% of urinary samples. We observed fair to good to high reproducibility (ICCs: 0.71 to 0.86) for urinary paraben concentrations within one day. Use of facial cleanser was associated with higher four urinary paraben concentrations. Increasing age, taking medicine, intravenous injection, and interior decoration in the workplace were related to higher urinary concentrations of specific parabens. Smoking and drinking were associated with lower urinary concentrations of specific parabens. The maximum EDIs for the four parabens ranged from 13.76 to 848.68 μg/kg bw/day, and 0.9% of participants had the hazard quotient values > 1 driven by PrP exposure. CONCLUSIONS Urinary paraben concentrations were less variable within one day. Several lifestyle characteristics including use of facial cleanser and pharmaceuticals may contribute to paraben exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Miao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Pan-Pan Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Fei-Peng Cui
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yan-Ling Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jia-Yue Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wen-Jun Yin
- Wuhan Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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10
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He YF, Liu Y, Yu JH, Cheng H, Odilov A, Yang FP, Tian GH, Yao XM, Duan HQ, Yu CY, Yu C, Liu YM, Liu GY, Shen JS, Wang Z, Diao XX. Pharmacokinetics, mass balance, and metabolism of [ 14C]TPN171, a novel PDE5 inhibitor, in humans for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:221-233. [PMID: 35676531 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00922-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
TPN171 is a novel phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitor used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and erectile dysfunction (ED), which currently is undergoing phase II clinical trials in China. In this single-center, single-dose, nonrandomized, and open design study, radiolabeled [14C]TPN171 was used to investigate the metabolic mechanism, pharmacokinetic characteristics, and clearance pathways of TPN171 in 6 healthy Chinese male volunteers. Each volunteer was administered a single oral suspension of 10 mg (100 μCi) of [14C]TPN171. We found that TPN171 was absorbed rapidly in humans with a peak time (Tmax) of 0.667 h and a half-life (t1/2) of approximately 9.89 h in plasma. Excretion of radiopharmaceutical-related components was collected 216 h after administration, accounting for 95.21% of the dose (46.61% in urine and 48.60% in feces). TPN171 underwent extensive metabolism in humans. Twenty-two metabolites were detected in human plasma, urine, and feces using a radioactive detector combined with a high-resolution mass spectrometer. According to radiochromatograms, a glucuronide metabolite of O-dealkylated TPN171 exceeded 10% of the total drug-related components in human plasma. However, according to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines, no further tests are needed to evaluate the safety of this metabolite because it is a phase II metabolite, but the compound is still worthy of attention. The main metabolic biotransformation of TPN171 was mono-oxidation (hydroxylation and N-oxidation), dehydrogenation, N-dealkylation, O-dealkylation, amide hydrolysis, glucuronidation, and acetylation. Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) mainly catalyzed the formation of metabolites, and CYP2E1 and CYP2D6 were involved in the oxidative metabolism of TPN171 to a lesser extent. According to the incubation data, M1 was mainly metabolized to M1G by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A9 (UGT1A9), followed by UGT1A7 and UGT1A10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fei He
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing-Hua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Huan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji-nan, 250355, China
| | - Abdullajon Odilov
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fei-Pu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | | | - Xiu-Mei Yao
- Vigonvita Life Sciences Co., Ltd, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Hua-Qing Duan
- Vigonvita Life Sciences Co., Ltd, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Cheng-Yin Yu
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Chen Yu
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yan-Mei Liu
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Gang-Yi Liu
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jing-Shan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China. .,Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, 201602, China.
| | - Xing-Xing Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China. .,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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11
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Machine learning and structure-based modeling for the prediction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase inhibition. iScience 2022; 25:105290. [PMID: 36304105 PMCID: PMC9593791 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are responsible for 35% of the phase II drug metabolism. In this study, we focused on UGT1A1, which is a key UGT isoform. Strong inhibition of UGT1A1 may trigger adverse drug/herb-drug interactions, or result in disorders of endobiotic metabolism. Most of the current machine learning methods predicting the inhibition of drug metabolizing enzymes neglect protein structure and dynamics, both being essential for the recognition of various substrates and inhibitors. We performed molecular dynamics simulations on a homology model of the human UGT1A1 structure containing both the cofactor- (UDP-glucuronic acid) and substrate-binding domains to explore UGT conformational changes. Then, we created models for the prediction of UGT1A1 inhibitors by integrating information on UGT1A1 structure and dynamics, interactions with diverse ligands, and machine learning. These models can be helpful for further prediction of drug-drug interactions of drug candidates and safety treatments. UGTs are responsible for 35% of the phase II drug metabolism reactions We created machine learning models for prediction of UGT1A1 inhibitors Our simulations suggested key residues of UGT1A1 involved in the substrate binding
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12
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Inhibition of CYP2C8 by Acyl Glucuronides of Gemfibrozil and Clopidogrel: Pharmacological Significance, Progress and Challenges. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091218. [PMID: 36139056 PMCID: PMC9496539 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipid-regulating drug gemfibrozil is a useful medication for reducing high cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood. In addition to oxidation, it undergoes extensive glucuronidation to produce gemfibrozil acyl glucuronide, which is a known mechanism-based inactivator of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C8. Such selective and time-dependent inhibition results in clinically important drug–drug interactions (DDI) with the drugs metabolized by CYP2C8. Similarly, the acyl glucuronide of clopidogrel, a widely used antiplatelet agent, is a potent time-dependent inhibitor of CYP2C8 that demonstrated significant DDI with the substrates of CYP2C8. Current progress in atomic-level understanding mostly involves studying how different drugs bind and undergo oxidation in the active site of CYPs. It is not clear how an acyl glucuronide metabolite of the drug gemfibrozil or clopidogrel interacts in the active site of CYP2C8 and selectively inhibit the enzyme. This mini-review summarizes the current knowledge on some of the important clinical DDI caused by gemfibrozil and clopidogrel due to the inhibition of CYP2C8 by acyl glucuronide metabolites of these drugs. Importantly, it examines recent developments and potential applications of structural biology tools to elucidate the binding and orientation of gemfibrozil acyl glucuronide and clopidogrel acyl glucuronide in the active site near heme that contributes to the inhibition and inactivation of CYP2C8.
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13
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Hanioka N, Tanaka-Kagawa T, Mori Y, Ikushiro S, Jinno H, Ohkawara S, Isobe T. Regioselective Glucuronidation of Flavones at C5, C7, and C4′ Positions in Human Liver and Intestinal Microsomes: Comparison among Apigenin, Acacetin, and Genkwanin. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1116-1123. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yoko Mori
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University
| | | | | | - Susumu Ohkawara
- Department of Health Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy
| | - Takashi Isobe
- Department of Health Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy
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14
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Chen Y, Wang WQ, Jia XL, Wang CH, Yang L, Wang ZT, Xiong AZ. Firm evidence for the detoxification of senecionine-induced hepatotoxicity via N-glucuronidation in UGT1A4–humanized transgenic mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 165:113185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Kohn E, Dinavitser N, Berlin M, Brandriss N, Bar-Chaim A, Gueta I, Keidar R, Livne A, Stepensky D, Berkovitch M, Masarwi M. Magnitude of Lamotrigine Exposure Through Breastfeeding. Breastfeed Med 2022; 17:341-348. [PMID: 35049332 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2021.0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Importance: Lamotrigine use during breastfeeding has significantly increased in the recent years, whereas breast milk lamotrigine pharmacokinetics data are still sparse. Objectives: To assess lamotrigine exposure in breastfed infants by monitoring maternal serum and breast milk concentrations. Methods: Breastfeeding women treated with lamotrigine were recruited to this study. Maternal trough breast milk and serum samples were collected, and additional breast milk samples were collected 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 hours after lamotrigine consumption. Trough breast milk/serum ratios (M/S ratio) and breast milk area under the curve (AUC) values were calculated. Results: Twenty-one breastfeeding women were recruited to this study, and the final dataset was based on the samples collected from 17 women. Lamotrigine trough serum and mother's milk concentrations were 5.1 ± 3.3 mg/L and 3.1 ± 1.9 mg/L, respectively (mean ± standard deviation). The trough M/S ratio of lamotrigine was 0.66 ± 0.22. The lamotrigine breast milk average AUC was 41.7 ± 24.6 mg·h/L. The estimated infant dose of lamotrigine was 0.52 ± 0.31 mg/kg/day and 0.26 ± 0.15 mg/kg/day for fully and partially breastfed infants, respectively. Significant correlation was found between the maternal lamotrigine serum trough concentrations and the breast milk parameters: trough breast milk concentrations (Spearman's rho = 0.986, p < 0.0001) and breast milk AUC values (Spearman's rho = 0.941, p < 0.0001). No significant correlation was found between the maternal lamotrigine daily dose and serum trough concentrations, breast milk trough concentrations, and breast milk AUC values (Spearman's rho = 0.294, 0.285, and 0.438, p = 0.252, 0.396, and 0.078, respectively). Conclusion and Relevance: High correlation between the maternal lamotrigine trough serum concentrations and the breast milk AUC values was found, implying that monitoring the maternal lamotrigine serum concentrations can be useful for prediction of exposure of infants to lamotrigine through the breast milk. The trial was registered in the Israeli trials registry MOH_2021-09-05_010243 at September 5, 2021 Retrospectively registered https://my.health.gov.il/CliniTrials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elkana Kohn
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Natalie Dinavitser
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Maya Berlin
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Nurit Brandriss
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Adina Bar-Chaim
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Itai Gueta
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Medicine A, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Rimona Keidar
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Ayelet Livne
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - David Stepensky
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Matitiahu Berkovitch
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Majdi Masarwi
- Pharmacy Department, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
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16
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Liu S, Hou L, Li C, Zhao Y, Yao X, Zhang X, Tian X. Contributions of UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases to Human Hepatic and Intestinal Metabolism of Ticagrelor and Inhibition of UGTs and Cytochrome P450 Enzymes by Ticagrelor and its Glucuronidated Metabolite. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:761814. [PMID: 34721047 PMCID: PMC8552062 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.761814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ticagrelor is the first reversibly binding, direct-acting, oral P2Y12 receptor inhibitor. The contribution of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) enzymes to the metabolism of ticagrelor to its glucuronide conjugation, ticagrelor-O-glucuronide, in human liver microsomes (HLM) and human intestinal microsomes (HIM), was well characterized in the current study. The inhibition potential of human major UGTs by ticagrelor and ticagrelor-O-glucuronide was explored. The inhibitory effects of ticagrelor-O-glucuronide on cytochrome P450s (CYPs) enzymes were investigated as well. Ticagrelor glucuronidation exhibits substrate inhibition kinetics in both HLM and HIM with apparent Km values of 5.65 and 2.52 μM, Vmax values of 8.03 and 0.90 pmol min−1·mg protein−1, Ksi values of 1,343.0 and 292.9 respectively. The in vitro intrinsic clearances (Vmax/Km) for ticagrelor glucuronidation by HLM and HIM were 1.42 and 0.36 μl min−1·mg protein−1, respectively. Study with recombinant human UGTs suggested that multiple UGT isoforms including UGT1A9, UGT1A7, UGT1A3, UGT1A4, UGT1A1, UGT2B7 and UGT1A8 are involved in the conversion of ticagrelor to ticagrelor-O-glucuronide with UGT1A9 showing highest catalytic activity. The results were further supported by the inhibition studies on ticagrelor glucuronidation with typical UGT inhibitors in pooled HLM and HIM. Little or no inhibition of UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A4, UGT1A6, UGT1A9 and UGT2B7 by ticagrelor and ticagrelor-O-glucuronide was noted. Ticagrelor-O-glucuronide also exhibited limited inhibitory effects toward CYP2C8, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4. In contrast, ticagrelor-O-glucuronide weakly inhibited CYP2B6, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 activity with apparent IC50 values of 45.0, 20.0 and 18.8 μM, respectively. The potential of ticagrelor-O-glucuronide to cause drug-drug interactions warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaibing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cai Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yibo Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xia Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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17
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Horgan C, O' Sullivan TP. Recent Developments in the Practical Application of Novel Carboxylic Acid Bioisosteres. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2203-2234. [PMID: 34420501 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210820112126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The carboxylic acid is an important functional group which features in the pharmacophore of some 450 drugs. Unfortunately, some carboxylic acid-containing drugs have been withdrawn from market due to unforeseen toxicity issues. Other issues associated with the carboxylate moiety include reduced metabolic stability or limited passive diffusion across biological membranes. Medicinal chemists often turn to bioisosteres to circumvent such obstacles. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to provide a summary of the various applications of novel carboxylic acid bioisosteres which have appeared in the literature since 2013. RESULTS We have summarised the most recent developments in carboxylic acid bioisosterism. In particular, we focus on the changes in bioactivity, selectivity or physiochemical properties brought about by these substitutions, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each isostere. CONCLUSION The topics discussed herein highlight the continued interest in carboxylate bioisosteres. The development of novel carboxylic acid substitutes which display improved pharmacological profiles is testament to the innovation and creativity required to overcome the challenges faced in modern drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor Horgan
- School of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork. Ireland
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18
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Chen M, Ren X, Sun S, Wang X, Xu X, Li X, Wang X, Li X, Yan X, Li R, Wang Y, Liu X, Dong Y, Fu X, She G. Structure, Biological Activities and Metabolism of Flavonoid Glucuronides. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:322-354. [PMID: 34036917 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210521221352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flavonoid glucuronides are a kind of natural products which present a flavone linked directly with one or several glucuronides through O-glycoside bond. They had become of interest in natural product research in the past decades for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-bacteria activities. In particular, the compound breviscapine has a notable effect on cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Several other compounds even have antitumor activity. METHODS Through searching the database and reading a large number of documents, we summarized the related findings of flavonoid glucuronides. RESULTS We summarized 211 naturally occurring flavonoid glucuronides in 119 references with their chemical structures, biological activities, and metabolism. A total of 220 references from 1953 to 2020 were cited in this paper according to literature databases such as CNKI, Weipu, Wanfang data, Elsevier, Springer, Wiley, NCBI, PubMed, EmBase, etc.. CONCLUSION Flavonoid glucuronides are a class of compounds with various chemical structures and a diverse range of biological activities. And they are thought to be potential candidates for drug discovery, but the specific study on their mechanisms is still limited until now. We hope this article can provide references for natural product researchers and draw more attention to flavonoid glucuronides' biological activities and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xueyang Ren
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Siqi Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiuhuan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiao Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xin Yan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Ruiwen Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Ying Dong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xueyan Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Gaimei She
- Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia 750004, China
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19
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Sodhi JK, Benet LZ. Successful and Unsuccessful Prediction of Human Hepatic Clearance for Lead Optimization. J Med Chem 2021; 64:3546-3559. [PMID: 33765384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Development of new chemical entities is costly, time-consuming, and has a low success rate. Accurate prediction of pharmacokinetic properties is critical to progress compounds with favorable drug-like characteristics in lead optimization. Of particular importance is the prediction of hepatic clearance, which determines drug exposure and contributes to projection of dose, half-life, and bioavailability. The most commonly employed methodology to predict hepatic clearance is termed in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) that involves measuring drug metabolism in vitro, scaling-up this in vitro intrinsic clearance to a prediction of in vivo intrinsic clearance by reconciling the enzymatic content between the incubation and an average human liver, and applying a model of hepatic disposition to account for limitations of protein binding and blood flow to predict in vivo clearance. This manuscript reviews common in vitro techniques used to predict hepatic clearance as well as current challenges and recent theoretical advancements in IVIVE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasleen K Sodhi
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Leslie Z Benet
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
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20
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Kulthong K, Hooiveld GJEJ, Duivenvoorde L, Miro Estruch I, Marin V, van der Zande M, Bouwmeester H. Transcriptome comparisons of in vitro intestinal epithelia grown under static and microfluidic gut-on-chip conditions with in vivo human epithelia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3234. [PMID: 33547413 PMCID: PMC7864925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82853-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut-on-chip devices enable exposure of cells to a continuous flow of culture medium, inducing shear stresses and could thus better recapitulate the in vivo human intestinal environment in an in vitro epithelial model compared to static culture methods. We aimed to study if dynamic culture conditions affect the gene expression of Caco-2 cells cultured statically or dynamically in a gut-on-chip device and how these gene expression patterns compared to that of intestinal segments in vivo. For this we applied whole genome transcriptomics. Dynamic culture conditions led to a total of 5927 differentially expressed genes (3280 upregulated and 2647 downregulated genes) compared to static culture conditions. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed upregulated pathways associated with the immune system, signal transduction and cell growth and death, and downregulated pathways associated with drug metabolism, compound digestion and absorption under dynamic culture conditions. Comparison of the in vitro gene expression data with transcriptome profiles of human in vivo duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon tissue samples showed similarities in gene expression profiles with intestinal segments. It is concluded that both the static and the dynamic gut-on-chip model are suitable to study human intestinal epithelial responses as an alternative for animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornphimol Kulthong
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, P.O. box 8000, 6700 EA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Guido J E J Hooiveld
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Loes Duivenvoorde
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ignacio Miro Estruch
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, P.O. box 8000, 6700 EA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Victor Marin
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Meike van der Zande
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Bouwmeester
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, P.O. box 8000, 6700 EA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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21
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Zhou J, Argikar UA, Miners JO. Enzyme Kinetics of Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2342:301-338. [PMID: 34272700 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1554-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glucuronidation, catalyzed by uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), is an important process for the metabolism and clearance of many lipophilic chemicals, including drugs, environmental chemicals, and endogenous compounds. Glucuronidation is a bisubstrate reaction that requires the aglycone and the cofactor, UDP-GlcUA. Accumulating evidence suggests that the bisubstrate reaction follows a compulsory-order ternary mechanism. To simplify the kinetic modeling of glucuronidation reactions in vitro, UDP-GlcUA is usually added to incubations in large excess. Many factors have been shown to influence UGT activity and kinetics in vitro, and these must be accounted for during experimental design and data interpretation. While the assessment of drug-drug interactions resulting from UGT inhibition has been challenging in the past, the increasing availability of UGT enzyme-selective substrate and inhibitor "probes" provides the prospect for more reliable reaction phenotyping and assessment of drug-drug interaction potential. Although extrapolation of the in vitro intrinsic clearance of a glucuronidated drug often underpredicts in vivo clearance, careful selection of in vitro experimental conditions and inclusion of extrahepatic glucuronidation may improve the predictivity of in vitro-in vivo extrapolation. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling has also shown to be of value for predicting PK of drugs eliminated by glucuronidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA.
| | - Upendra A Argikar
- Translational Medicine, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John O Miners
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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22
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Sri Laasya T, Thakur S, Poduri R, Joshi G. Current insights toward kidney injury: Decrypting the dual role and mechanism involved of herbal drugs in inducing kidney injury and its treatment. CURRENT RESEARCH IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crbiot.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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23
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Nair PC, Chau N, McKinnon RA, Miners JO. Arginine-259 of UGT2B7 Confers UDP-Sugar Selectivity. Mol Pharmacol 2020; 98:710-718. [PMID: 33008919 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.120.000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes of the human UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) superfamily typically catalyze the covalent addition of the sugar moiety from a UDP-sugar cofactor to relatively low-molecular weight lipophilic compounds. Although UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcUA) is most commonly employed as the cofactor by UGT1 and UGT2 family enzymes, UGT2B7 and several other enzymes can use both UDP-GlcUA and UDP-glucose (UDP-Glc), leading to the formation of glucuronide and glucoside conjugates. An investigation of UGT2B7-catalyzed morphine glycosidation indicated that glucuronidation is the principal route of metabolism because the binding affinity of UDP-GlcUA is higher than that of UDP-Glc. Currently, it is unclear which residues in the UGT2B7 cofactor binding domain are responsible for the preferential binding of UDP-GlcUA. Here, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed together with site-directed mutagenesis and enzyme kinetic studies to identify residues within the UGT2B7 binding site responsible for the selective cofactor binding. MD simulations demonstrated that Arg259, which is located within the N-terminal domain, specifically interacts with UDP-GlcUA, whereby the side chain of Arg259 H-bonds and forms a salt bridge with the carboxylate group of glucuronic acid. Consistent with the MD simulations, substitution of Arg259 with Leu resulted in the loss of morphine, 4-methylumbelliferone, and zidovudine glucuronidation activity, but morphine glucosidation was preserved. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Despite the importance of uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes in drug and chemical metabolism, cofactor binding interactions are incompletely understood, as is the molecular basis for preferential glucuronidation by UGT1 and UGT2 family enzymes. The study demonstrated that long timescale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with a UGT2B7 homology model can be used to identify critical binding interactions of a UGT protein with UDP-sugar cofactors. Further, the data provide a basis for the application of MD simulations to the elucidation of UGT-aglycone interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod C Nair
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology (P.C.N., N.C., J.O.M.) and Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI) Cancer Program (P.C.N., R.A.M., J.O.M.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nuy Chau
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology (P.C.N., N.C., J.O.M.) and Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI) Cancer Program (P.C.N., R.A.M., J.O.M.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ross A McKinnon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology (P.C.N., N.C., J.O.M.) and Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI) Cancer Program (P.C.N., R.A.M., J.O.M.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, South Australia, Australia
| | - John O Miners
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology (P.C.N., N.C., J.O.M.) and Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI) Cancer Program (P.C.N., R.A.M., J.O.M.), Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, South Australia, Australia
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Miners JO, Rowland A, Novak JJ, Lapham K, Goosen TC. Evidence-based strategies for the characterisation of human drug and chemical glucuronidation in vitro and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase reaction phenotyping. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 218:107689. [PMID: 32980440 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes of the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) superfamily contribute to the elimination of drugs from almost all therapeutic classes. Awareness of the importance of glucuronidation as a drug clearance mechanism along with increased knowledge of the enzymology of drug and chemical metabolism has stimulated interest in the development and application of approaches for the characterisation of human drug glucuronidation in vitro, in particular reaction phenotyping (the fractional contribution of the individual UGT enzymes responsible for the glucuronidation of a given drug), assessment of metabolic stability, and UGT enzyme inhibition by drugs and other xenobiotics. In turn, this has permitted the implementation of in vitro - in vivo extrapolation approaches for the prediction of drug metabolic clearance, intestinal availability, and drug-drug interaction liability, all of which are of considerable importance in pre-clinical drug development. Indeed, regulatory agencies (FDA and EMA) require UGT reaction phenotyping for new chemical entities if glucuronidation accounts for ≥25% of total metabolism. In vitro studies are most commonly performed with recombinant UGT enzymes and human liver microsomes (HLM) as the enzyme sources. Despite the widespread use of in vitro approaches for the characterisation of drug and chemical glucuronidation by HLM and recombinant enzymes, evidence-based guidelines relating to experimental approaches are lacking. Here we present evidence-based strategies for the characterisation of drug and chemical glucuronidation in vitro, and for UGT reaction phenotyping. We anticipate that the strategies will inform practice, encourage development of standardised experimental procedures where feasible, and guide ongoing research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- John O Miners
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Andrew Rowland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
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Roy H, Nandi S. In-Silico Modeling in Drug Metabolism and Interaction: Current Strategies of Lead Discovery. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:3292-3305. [PMID: 31481001 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190903155935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug metabolism is a complex mechanism of human body systems to detoxify foreign particles, chemicals, and drugs through bio alterations. It involves many biochemical reactions carried out by invivo enzyme systems present in the liver, kidney, intestine, lungs, and plasma. After drug administration, it crosses several biological membranes to reach into the target site for binding and produces the therapeutic response. After that, it may undergo detoxification and excretion to get rid of the biological systems. Most of the drugs and its metabolites are excreted through kidney via urination. Some drugs and their metabolites enter into intestinal mucosa and excrete through feces. Few of the drugs enter into hepatic circulation where they go into the intestinal tract. The drug leaves the liver via the bile duct and is excreted through feces. Therefore, the study of total methodology of drug biotransformation and interactions with various targets is costly. METHODS To minimize time and cost, in-silico algorithms have been utilized for lead-like drug discovery. Insilico modeling is the process where a computer model with a suitable algorithm is developed to perform a controlled experiment. It involves the combination of both in-vivo and in-vitro experimentation with virtual trials, eliminating the non-significant variables from a large number of variable parameters. Whereas, the major challenge for the experimenter is the selection and validation of the preferred model, as well as precise simulation in real physiological status. RESULTS The present review discussed the application of in-silico models to predict absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties of drug molecules and also access the net rate of metabolism of a compound. CONCLUSION It helps with the identification of enzyme isoforms; which are likely to metabolize a compound, as well as the concentration dependence of metabolism and the identification of expected metabolites. In terms of drug-drug interactions (DDIs), models have been described for the inhibition of metabolism of one compound by another, and for the compound-dependent induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harekrishna Roy
- Nirmala College of Pharmacy, Mangalagiri, Guntur, Affiliated to Acharya Nagarjuna University, Andhra Pradesh-522503, India
| | - Sisir Nandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University, Kashipur-244713, India
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26
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Öeren M, Walton PJ, Hunt PA, Ponting DJ, Segall MD. Predicting reactivity to drug metabolism: beyond P450s-modelling FMOs and UGTs. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2020; 35:541-555. [PMID: 32533369 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-020-00321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a study based on density functional theory calculations to explore the rate limiting steps of product formation for oxidation by Flavin-containing Monooxygenase (FMO) and glucuronidation by the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) family of enzymes. FMOs are responsible for the modification phase of metabolism of a wide diversity of drugs, working in conjunction with Cytochrome P450 (CYP) family of enzymes, and UGTs are the most important class of drug conjugation enzymes. Reactivity calculations are important for prediction of metabolism by CYPs and reactivity alone explains around 70-85% of the experimentally observed sites of metabolism within CYP substrates. In the current work we extend this approach to propose model systems which can be used to calculate the activation energies, i.e. reactivity, for the rate-limiting steps for both FMO oxidation and glucuronidation of potential sites of metabolism. These results are validated by comparison with the experimentally observed reaction rates and sites of metabolism, indicating that the presented models are suitable to provide the basis of a reactivity component within generalizable models to predict either FMO or UGT metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Öeren
- Optibrium Limited, Cambridge Innovation Park, Denny End Road, Cambridge, CB25 9PB, UK.
| | - Peter J Walton
- Optibrium Limited, Cambridge Innovation Park, Denny End Road, Cambridge, CB25 9PB, UK.,School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Peter A Hunt
- Optibrium Limited, Cambridge Innovation Park, Denny End Road, Cambridge, CB25 9PB, UK
| | - David J Ponting
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds, LS11 5PS, UK
| | - Matthew D Segall
- Optibrium Limited, Cambridge Innovation Park, Denny End Road, Cambridge, CB25 9PB, UK
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Paralytic Shellfish Toxins (PST)-Transforming Enzymes: A Review. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12050344. [PMID: 32456077 PMCID: PMC7290730 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12050344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) are a group of toxins that cause paralytic shellfish poisoning through blockage of voltage-gated sodium channels. PSTs are produced by prokaryotic freshwater cyanobacteria and eukaryotic marine dinoflagellates. Proliferation of toxic algae species can lead to harmful algal blooms, during which seafood accumulate high levels of PSTs, posing a health threat to consumers. The existence of PST-transforming enzymes was first remarked due to the divergence of PST profiles and concentrations between contaminated bivalves and toxigenic organisms. Later, several enzymes involved in PST transformation, synthesis and elimination have been identified. The knowledge of PST-transforming enzymes is necessary for understanding the processes of toxin accumulation and depuration in mollusk bivalves. Furthermore, PST-transforming enzymes facilitate the obtainment of pure analogues of toxins as in natural sources they are present in a mixture. Pure compounds are of interest for the development of drug candidates and as analytical reference materials. PST-transforming enzymes can also be employed for the development of analytical tools for toxin detection. This review summarizes the PST-transforming enzymes identified so far in living organisms from bacteria to humans, with special emphasis on bivalves, cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates, and discusses enzymes’ biological functions and potential practical applications.
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28
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Ondo K, Arakawa H, Nakano M, Fukami T, Nakajima M. SLC35B1 significantly contributes to the uptake of UDPGA into the endoplasmic reticulum for glucuronidation catalyzed by UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 175:113916. [PMID: 32179043 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The transport of UDP-glucuronic acid (UDPGA), a co-substrate of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), to the intraluminal side of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an essential step in the glucuronidation of exogenous and endogenous compounds. According to a previous study, the expression of recombinant SLC35B1, SLC35B4, or SLC35D1, nucleotide sugar transporters, in V79 cells has the potential to transport UDPGA into the lumen of microsomes. The purpose of this study is to examine whether the transport of UDPGA by these transporters substantially affects UGT activity. Since the knockdown of UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase, a synthetase of UDPGA, in HEK293 cells stably expressing UGT1A1 (HEK/UGT1A1 cells) resulted in a significant decrease in 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) glucuronosyltransferase activity, supplementation of a sufficient amount of UDPGA is required for UGT activity. By performing qRT-PCR using cDNA samples from 21 human liver samples, we observed levels of the SLC35B1 and SLC35D1 mRNAs that were 15- and 14-fold higher, respectively, than the levels of the SLC35B4 mRNA, and SLC35B1 showed the largest (37-fold) interindividual variability. Interestingly, 4-MU glucuronosyltransferase activity was significantly decreased upon the knockdown of SLC35B1 in HEK/UGT1A1 cells, and this phenomenon was also observed in HepaRG cells. Using siRNAs targeting 23 different SLC35 subfamilies, the knockdown of SLC35B1 and SLC35E3 decreased 4-MU glucuronosyltransferase activity in HEK/UGT1A1 cells. However, the 4-MU glucuronosyltransferase activity was not altered by SLC35E3 knockdown in HepaRG cells, suggesting that SLC35B1 was the main transporter of UDPGA into the ER in the human liver. In conclusion, SLC35B1 is a key modulator of UGT activity by transporting UDPGA to the intraluminal side of the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Ondo
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Arakawa
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Masataka Nakano
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Fukami
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Miki Nakajima
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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29
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Hanioka N, Isobe T, Tanaka-Kagawa T, Ohkawara S. Wogonin glucuronidation in liver and intestinal microsomes of humans, monkeys, dogs, rats, and mice. Xenobiotica 2020; 50:906-912. [PMID: 32005083 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2020.1725180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Wogonin, one of the flavonoids isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis, exhibits some beneficial bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects, and is metabolized into glucuronide by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes in humans. In the present study, wogonin glucuronidation was examined in the liver and intestinal microsomes of humans, monkeys, dogs, rats, and mice using a kinetic analysis.The kinetics of wogonin glucuronidation by liver microsomes followed the biphasic model in all species examined. CLint values (x-intercept) based on v versus V/[S] plots were rats > humans ≈ monkeys > mice > dogs. The kinetics of intestinal microsomes fit the Michaelis-Menten model for humans, monkeys, rats, and mice and the substrate inhibition model for dogs. CLint values were rats > monkeys > mice > dogs > humans. The tissue dependence of CLint values was liver microsomes > intestinal microsomes for humans, dogs, and rats, and liver microsomes ≈ intestinal microsomes for monkeys and mice.These results demonstrated that the metabolic abilities of UGT enzymes toward wogonin in the liver and intestines markedly differ among humans, monkeys, dogs, rats, and mice, and suggest that species differences are closely associated with the biological effects of wogonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobumitsu Hanioka
- Department of Health Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Isobe
- Department of Health Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Susumu Ohkawara
- Department of Health Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama, Japan
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Inhibition of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes by kinase inhibitors: Effects of dabrafenib, ibrutinib, nintedanib, trametinib and BIBF 1202. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 169:113616. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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31
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Ho A, Sinick J, Esko T, Fischer K, Menni C, Zierer J, Matey-Hernandez M, Fortney K, Morgen EK. Circulating glucuronic acid predicts healthspan and longevity in humans and mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:7694-7706. [PMID: 31557729 PMCID: PMC6781977 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glucuronic acid is a metabolite of glucose that is involved in the detoxification of xenobiotic compounds and the structure/remodeling of the extracellular matrix. We report for the first time that circulating glucuronic acid is a robust biomarker of mortality that is conserved across species. We find that glucuronic acid levels are significant predictors of all-cause mortality in three population-based cohorts from different countries with 4-20 years of follow-up (HR=1.44, p=2.9×10-6 in the discovery cohort; HR=1.13, p=0.032 and HR=1.25, p=0.017, respectively in the replication cohorts), as well as in a longitudinal study of genetically heterogenous mice (HR=1.29, p=0.018). Additionally, we find that glucuronic acid levels increase with age and predict future healthspan-related outcomes. Together, these results demonstrate glucuronic acid as a robust biomarker of longevity and healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Krista Fischer
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia.,Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia
| | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research, Kings College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - Jonas Zierer
- Department of Twin Research, Kings College London, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
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32
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Metabolomic profiling of oxalate-degrading probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus gasseri. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222393. [PMID: 31545840 PMCID: PMC6756784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxalate, a ubiquitous compound in many plant-based foods, is absorbed through the intestine and precipitates with calcium in the kidneys to form stones. Over 80% of diagnosed kidney stones are found to be calcium oxalate. People who form these stones often experience a high rate of recurrence and treatment options remain limited despite decades of dedicated research. Recently, the intestinal microbiome has become a new focus for novel therapies. Studies have shown that select species of Lactobacillus, the most commonly included genus in modern probiotic supplements, can degrade oxalate in vitro and even decrease urinary oxalate in animal models of Primary Hyperoxaluria. Although the purported health benefits of Lactobacillus probiotics vary significantly between species, there is supporting evidence for their potential use as probiotics for oxalate diseases. Defining the unique metabolic properties of Lactobacillus is essential to define how these bacteria interact with the host intestine and influence overall health. We addressed this need by characterizing and comparing the metabolome and lipidome of the oxalate-degrading Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus gasseri using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. We report many species-specific differences in the metabolic profiles of these Lactobacillus species and discuss potential probiotic relevance and function resulting from their differential expression. Also described is our validation of the oxalate-degrading ability of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus gasseri, even in the presence of other preferred carbon sources, measuring in vitro 14C-oxalate consumption via liquid scintillation counting.
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Gotoh-Saito S, Abe T, Furukawa Y, Oda S, Yokoi T, Finel M, Hatakeyama M, Fukami T, Nakajima M. Characterization of human UGT2A3 expression using a prepared specific antibody against UGT2A3. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2019; 34:280-286. [PMID: 31262603 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2A3 belongs to a UGT superfamily of phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes that catalyzes the glucuronidation of many endobiotics and xenobiotics. Previous studies have demonstrated that UGT2A3 is expressed in the human liver, small intestine, and kidney at the mRNA level; however, its protein expression has not been determined. Evaluation of the protein expression of UGT2A3 would be useful to determine its role at the tissue level. In this study, we prepared a specific antibody against human UGT2A3 and evaluated the relative expression of UGT2A3 in the human liver, small intestine, and kidney. Western blot analysis indicated that this antibody is specific to UGT2A3 because it did not cross-react with other human UGT isoforms or rodent UGTs. UGT2A3 expression in the human small intestine was higher than that in the liver and kidney. Via treatment with endoglycosidase, it was clearly demonstrated that UGT2A3 was N-glycosylated. UGT2A3 protein levels were significantly correlated with UGT2A3 mRNA levels in a panel of 28 human liver samples (r = 0.64, p < 0.001). In conclusion, we successfully prepared a specific antibody against UGT2A3. This antibody would be useful to evaluate the physiological, pharmacological, and toxicological roles of UGT2A3 in human tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Gotoh-Saito
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takayuki Abe
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yoichi Furukawa
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shingo Oda
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yokoi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Moshe Finel
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Tatsuki Fukami
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Miki Nakajima
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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Gao Y, Liu R, Gautam N, Ma B, Xie Z, Sun B, Zheng H, Liu D, Lou H. Determination of the in vitro metabolic stability and metabolites of the anticancer derivative riccardin D-N in human and mouse hepatic S9 fractions using HPLC-Q-LIT-MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 174:734-743. [PMID: 31299454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Riccardin D-N (RD-N) is an aminomethylated derivative of the macrocyclic bisbibenzyl compound riccardin D (RD), which has shown stronger activity against cancer cells than RD. However, there has been no research on the metabolism of RD-N. The present study aimed to characterize the in vitro metabolism and metabolic stability of RD-N after incubation with mouse and human hepatic S9 fractions using high performance liquid chromatography-hybrid triple quadrupole/linear ion trap mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-LIT-MS). Multiple ion monitoring (MIM) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-information dependent acquisition-enhanced product ion (MIM/MRM-IDA-EPI) scans were used to identify the metabolites formed. MRM scans were also used to quantify the changes in the amount of RD-N and to semi-quantify the main metabolites. Twenty-eight metabolic products were detected and 25 structures were predicted. Hydroxylation, dehydrogenation, glucuronidation, and methylation were proposed to be the principle metabolic pathways in the in vitro incubation with human and mouse hepatic S9 fractions. There were differences in the number and abundance of RD-N metabolites between the human and mouse hepatic S9 fractions. RD-N was shown to have good metabolic stability. After 2 h of incubation, 44% of the original RD-N remained in the human hepatic S9 fraction compared with 22% in the mouse. The major metabolites of RD-N, M4, M8, M20 and M21, were monitored semi-quantitatively using the typical transitions. Finally, HPLC-Q-LIT-MS was used for the identification and quantitation of the metabolites of R D-N, which is a simple and efficient method to rapidly screen potential drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ruichen Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, 68198, NE, USA
| | - Bowen Ma
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Storrs, 06269, CT, USA
| | - Zhiyu Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xuchang University, Xuchang, 461000, China
| | - Bin Sun
- National Glycoengeering Research Center, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Hongbo Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Dongke Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Hongxiang Lou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, China.
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S-equol glucuronidation in liver and intestinal microsomes of humans, monkeys, dogs, rats, and mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 131:110542. [PMID: 31163218 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
S-equol, an active metabolite of the soy isoflavone daidzein, is mainly metabolized into glucuronide(s) by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes in mammals. In the present study, S-equol glucuronidation was examined in the liver and intestinal microsomes of humans, monkeys, dogs, rats, and mice using a kinetic analysis. CLint values for 7- and 4'-glucuronidation by liver microsomes were higher than those by intestinal microsomes in all species. CLint values for total glucuronidation (sum of 7- and 4'-glucuronidation) were rats (7.6) > monkeys (5.8) > mice (4.9) > dogs (2.8) > humans (1.0) for liver microsomes, and rats (9.6) > mice (2.8) > dogs (1.3) ≥ monkeys (1.2) > humans (1.0) for intestinal microsomes, respectively. Regarding regioselective glucuronidation by liver and intestinal microsomes, CLint values were 7-glucuronidation > 4'-glucuronidation for humans, monkeys, dogs, and mice, and 4'-glucuronidation > 7-glucuronidation for rats. These results suggest that the metabolic abilities of UGT enzymes toward S-equol in the liver and intestines markedly differ among humans, monkeys, dogs, rats, and mice.
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Liu G, Khanna V, Kirtane A, Grill A, Panyam J. Chemopreventive efficacy of oral curcumin: a prodrug hypothesis. FASEB J 2019; 33:9453-9465. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900166r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Garvey Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics College of Pharmacy University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Vidhi Khanna
- Department of Pharmaceutics College of Pharmacy University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Ameya Kirtane
- Department of Pharmaceutics College of Pharmacy University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Alex Grill
- Department of Pharmaceutics College of Pharmacy University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Jayanth Panyam
- Department of Pharmaceutics College of Pharmacy University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
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Allen DC, Carlson TL, Xiong Y, Jin J, Grant KA, Cuzon Carlson VC. A Comparative Study of the Pharmacokinetics of Clozapine N-Oxide and Clozapine N-Oxide Hydrochloride Salt in Rhesus Macaques. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 368:199-207. [PMID: 30523062 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.252031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Translating chemogenetic techniques from nonhuman primates to potential clinical applications has been complicated in part due to in vivo conversion of the chemogenetic actuator, clozapine N-oxide (CNO), to its pharmacologically active parent compound, clozapine, a ligand with known side effects, including five boxed warnings from the Food and Drug Administration. Additionally, the limited solubility of CNO requires high concentrations of potentially toxic detergents such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). To address these concerns, pharmacokinetic profiling of commercially available CNO in DMSO (CNO-DMSO, 10% v/v DMSO in saline) and a water-soluble salt preparation (CNO-HCl, saline) was conducted in rhesus macaques. A time course of blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of CNO and clozapine was conducted (30-240 minutes post-administration) following a range of doses (3-10 mg/kg, i.m. and/or i.v.) of CNO-DMSO or CNO-HCl. CNO-HCl resulted in 6- to 7-fold higher plasma concentrations of CNO compared to CNO-DMSO, and relatively less clozapine (3%-5% clozapine/CNO in the CNO-DMSO group and 0.5%-1.5% clozapine/CNO in the CNO-HCl group). Both groups had large between-subjects variability, pointing to the necessity of performing individual CNO pharmacokinetic studies prior to further experimentation. The ratio of CNO measured in the CSF was between 2% and 6% of that measured in the plasma and did not differ across drug preparation, indicating that CSF concentrations may be approximated from plasma samples. In conclusion, CNO-HCl demonstrated improved bioavailability compared with CNO-DMSO with less conversion to clozapine. Further investigation is needed to determine if brain concentrations of clozapine following CNO-HCl administration are pharmacologically active at off-target monoaminergic receptor systems in the primate brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daicia C Allen
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon (D.C.A., K.A.G., V.C.C.C.); Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon (T.L.C., K.A.G., V.C.C.C.); and Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (Y.X., J.J.)
| | - Timothy L Carlson
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon (D.C.A., K.A.G., V.C.C.C.); Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon (T.L.C., K.A.G., V.C.C.C.); and Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (Y.X., J.J.)
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon (D.C.A., K.A.G., V.C.C.C.); Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon (T.L.C., K.A.G., V.C.C.C.); and Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (Y.X., J.J.)
| | - Jian Jin
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon (D.C.A., K.A.G., V.C.C.C.); Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon (T.L.C., K.A.G., V.C.C.C.); and Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (Y.X., J.J.)
| | - Kathleen A Grant
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon (D.C.A., K.A.G., V.C.C.C.); Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon (T.L.C., K.A.G., V.C.C.C.); and Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (Y.X., J.J.)
| | - Verginia C Cuzon Carlson
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon (D.C.A., K.A.G., V.C.C.C.); Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon (T.L.C., K.A.G., V.C.C.C.); and Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York (Y.X., J.J.)
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Little MS, Ervin SM, Walton WG, Tripathy A, Xu Y, Liu J, Redinbo MR. Active site flexibility revealed in crystal structures of Parabacteroides merdae β-glucuronidase from the human gut microbiome. Protein Sci 2018; 27:2010-2022. [PMID: 30230652 PMCID: PMC6237702 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
β-Glucuronidase (GUS) enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract are involved in maintaining mammalian-microbial symbiosis and can play key roles in drug efficacy and toxicity. Parabacteroides merdae GUS was identified as an abundant mini-Loop 2 (mL2) type GUS enzyme in the Human Microbiome Project gut metagenomic database. Here, we report the crystal structure of P. merdae GUS and highlight the differences between this enzyme and extant structures of gut microbial GUS proteins. We find that P. merdae GUS exhibits a distinct tetrameric quaternary structure and that the mL2 motif traces a unique path within the active site, which also includes two arginines distinctive to this GUS. We observe two states of the P. merdae GUS active site; a loop repositions itself by more than 50 Å to place a functionally-relevant residue into the enzyme's catalytic site. Finally, we find that P. merdae GUS is able to bind to homo and heteropolymers of the polysaccharide alginic acid. Together, these data broaden our understanding of the structural and functional diversity in the GUS family of enzymes present in the human gut microbiome and point to specialization as an important feature of microbial GUS orthologs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Little
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina27599‐3290
| | - Samantha M. Ervin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina27599‐3290
| | - William G. Walton
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina27599‐3290
| | - Ashutosh Tripathy
- Department of Biochemistry & BiophysicsUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina27599‐3290
| | - Yongmei Xu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina27599‐3290
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina27599‐3290
| | - Matthew R. Redinbo
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina27599‐3290
- Department of Biochemistry & BiophysicsUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina27599‐3290
- Department of Microbiology & ImmunologyUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina27599‐3290
- The Integrated Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina27599‐3290
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Teitelbaum AM, McDonald MG, Kowalski JP, Parkinson OT, Scian M, Whittington D, Roellecke K, Hanenberg H, Wiek C, Rettie AE. Influence of Stereochemistry on the Bioactivation and Glucuronidation of 4-Ipomeanol. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 368:308-316. [PMID: 30409834 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.249771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A potential CYP4B1 suicide gene application in engineered T-cell treatment of blood cancers has revived interest in the use of 4-ipomeanol (IPO) in gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy, in which disposition of the administered compound may be critical. IPO contains one chiral center at the carbon bearing a secondary alcohol group; it was of interest to determine the effect of stereochemistry on 1) CYP4B1-mediated bioactivation and 2) (UGT)-mediated glucuronidation. First, (R)-IPO and (S)-IPO were synthesized and used to assess cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells expressing rabbit CYP4B1 and re-engineered human CYP4B1, where the enantiomers were found to be equipotent. Next, a sensitive UPLC-MS/MS assay was developed to measure the IPO-glucuronide diastereomers and product stereoselectivity in human tissue microsomes. Human liver and kidney microsomes generated (R)- and (S)-IPO-glucuronide diastereomers in ratios of 57:43 and 79:21, respectively. In a panel of 13 recombinantly expressed UGTs, UGT1A9 and UGT2B7 were the major isoforms responsible for IPO glucuronidation. (R)-IPO-glucuronide diastereoselectivity was apparent with each recombinant UGT, except UGT2B15 and UGT2B17, which favored the formation of (S)-IPO-glucuronide. Incubations with IPO and the UGT1A9-specific chemical inhibitor niflumic acid significantly decreased glucuronidation in human kidney, but only marginally in human liver microsomes, consistent with known tissue expression patterns of UGTs. We conclude that IPO glucuronidation in human kidney is mediated by UGT1A9 and UGT2B7. In human liver, it is mediated primarily by UGT2B7 and, to a lesser extent, UGT1A9 and UGT2B15. Overall, the lack of pronounced stereoselectivity for IPO's bioactivation in CYP4B1-transfected HepG2 cells, or for hepatic glucuronidation, suggests the racemate is an appropriate choice for use in suicide gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Teitelbaum
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (A.M.T., M.G.M., J.P.K., O.T.P., M.S., D.W., A.E.R.); Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (K.R., H.H., C.W.); and Department of Pediatrics III, University, Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.H.)
| | - Matthew G McDonald
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (A.M.T., M.G.M., J.P.K., O.T.P., M.S., D.W., A.E.R.); Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (K.R., H.H., C.W.); and Department of Pediatrics III, University, Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.H.)
| | - John P Kowalski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (A.M.T., M.G.M., J.P.K., O.T.P., M.S., D.W., A.E.R.); Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (K.R., H.H., C.W.); and Department of Pediatrics III, University, Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.H.)
| | - Oliver T Parkinson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (A.M.T., M.G.M., J.P.K., O.T.P., M.S., D.W., A.E.R.); Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (K.R., H.H., C.W.); and Department of Pediatrics III, University, Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.H.)
| | - Michele Scian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (A.M.T., M.G.M., J.P.K., O.T.P., M.S., D.W., A.E.R.); Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (K.R., H.H., C.W.); and Department of Pediatrics III, University, Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.H.)
| | - Dale Whittington
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (A.M.T., M.G.M., J.P.K., O.T.P., M.S., D.W., A.E.R.); Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (K.R., H.H., C.W.); and Department of Pediatrics III, University, Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.H.)
| | - Katharina Roellecke
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (A.M.T., M.G.M., J.P.K., O.T.P., M.S., D.W., A.E.R.); Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (K.R., H.H., C.W.); and Department of Pediatrics III, University, Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.H.)
| | - Helmut Hanenberg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (A.M.T., M.G.M., J.P.K., O.T.P., M.S., D.W., A.E.R.); Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (K.R., H.H., C.W.); and Department of Pediatrics III, University, Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.H.)
| | - Constanze Wiek
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (A.M.T., M.G.M., J.P.K., O.T.P., M.S., D.W., A.E.R.); Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (K.R., H.H., C.W.); and Department of Pediatrics III, University, Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.H.)
| | - Allan E Rettie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (A.M.T., M.G.M., J.P.K., O.T.P., M.S., D.W., A.E.R.); Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany (K.R., H.H., C.W.); and Department of Pediatrics III, University, Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (H.H.)
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Lapham K, Lin J, Novak J, Orozco C, Niosi M, Di L, Goosen TC, Ryu S, Riccardi K, Eng H, Cameron KO, Kalgutkar AS. 6-Chloro-5-[4-(1-Hydroxycyclobutyl)Phenyl]-1H-Indole-3-Carboxylic Acid is a Highly Selective Substrate for Glucuronidation by UGT1A1, Relative toβ-Estradiol. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:1836-1846. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.083709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Ryder TF, Calabrese MF, Walker GS, Cameron KO, Reyes AR, Borzilleri KA, Delmore J, Miller R, Kurumbail RG, Ward J, Kung DW, Brown JA, Edmonds DJ, Eng H, Wolford AC, Kalgutkar AS. Acyl Glucuronide Metabolites of 6-Chloro-5-[4-(1-hydroxycyclobutyl)phenyl]-1 H-indole-3-carboxylic Acid (PF-06409577) and Related Indole-3-carboxylic Acid Derivatives are Direct Activators of Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK). J Med Chem 2018; 61:7273-7288. [PMID: 30036059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Studies on indole-3-carboxylic acid derivatives as direct activators of human adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α1β1γ1 isoform have culminated in the identification of PF-06409577 (1), PF-06885249 (2), and PF-06679142 (3) as potential clinical candidates. Compounds 1-3 are primarily cleared in animals and humans via glucuronidation. Herein, we describe the biosynthetic preparation, purification, and structural characterization of the glucuronide conjugates of 1-3. Spectral characterization of the purified glucuronides M1, M2, and M3 indicated that they were acyl glucuronide derivatives. In vitro pharmacological evaluation revealed that all three acyl glucuronides retained selective activation of β1-containing AMPK isoforms. Inhibition of de novo lipogenesis with representative parent carboxylic acids and their respective acyl glucuronide conjugates in human hepatocytes demonstrated their propensity to activate cellular AMPK. Cocrystallization of the AMPK α1β1γ1 isoform with 1-3 and M1-M3 provided molecular insights into the structural basis for AMPK activation by the glucuronide conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim F Ryder
- Medicine Design , Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Matthew F Calabrese
- Medicine Design , Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Gregory S Walker
- Medicine Design , Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | | | | | - Kris A Borzilleri
- Medicine Design , Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | | | | | - Ravi G Kurumbail
- Medicine Design , Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | | | - Daniel W Kung
- Medicine Design , Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Janice A Brown
- Medicine Design , Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | | | - Heather Eng
- Medicine Design , Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - Angela C Wolford
- Medicine Design , Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
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Hanioka N, Ohkawara S, Isobe T, Ochi S, Tanaka-Kagawa T, Jinno H. Regioselective glucuronidation of daidzein in liver and intestinal microsomes of humans, monkeys, rats, and mice. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:2809-2817. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2265-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Liver-specific metabolomics characterizes the hepatoprotective effect of saponin-enriched Celosiae Semen extract on mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Regulation of Hepatic UGT2B15 by Methylation in Adults of Asian Descent. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10010006. [PMID: 29316660 PMCID: PMC5874819 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatic uridine 5'-diphosphate-glucuronosyl transferases (UGTs) are critical for detoxifying endo- and xenobiotics. Since UGTs are also dynamically responsive to endogenous and exogenous stimuli, we examined whether epigenetic DNA methylation can regulate hepatic UGT expression and differential effects of ethnicity, obesity, and sex. The methylation status of UGT isoforms was determined with Illumina Methylation 450 BeadChip arrays, with genotyping confirmed by sequencing and gene expression confirmed with quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (q-RT-PCR). The UGT1A3 mRNA was 2-fold higher in females than males (p < 0.05), while UGT1A1 and UGT2B7 mRNA were significantly higher in Pacific Islanders than Caucasians (both p < 0.05). Differential mRNA or methylation did not occur with obesity. The methylation of the UGT2B15 locus cg09189601 in Caucasians was significantly lower than the highly methylated locus in Asians (p < 0.001). Three intergenic loci between UGT2B15 and 2B17 (cg07973162, cg10632656, and cg07952421) showed higher rates of methylation in Caucasians than in Asians (p < 0.001). Levels of UGT2B15 and UGT2B17 mRNA were significantly lower in Asians than Caucasians (p = 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). Genotyping and sequencing indicated that only UGT2B15 is regulated by methylation, and low UGT2B17 mRNA is due to a deletion genotype common to Asians. Epigenetic regulation of UGT2B15 may predispose Asians to altered drug and hormone metabolism and begin to explain the increased risks for adverse drug reactions and some cancers in this population.
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Structural basis for the regulation of β-glucuronidase expression by human gut Enterobacteriaceae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 115:E152-E161. [PMID: 29269393 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1716241115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota harbor diverse β-glucuronidase (GUS) enzymes that liberate glucuronic acid (GlcA) sugars from small-molecule conjugates and complex carbohydrates. However, only the Enterobacteriaceae family of human gut-associated Proteobacteria maintain a GUS operon under the transcriptional control of a glucuronide repressor, GusR. Despite its potential importance in Escherichia, Salmonella, Klebsiella, Shigella, and Yersinia opportunistic pathogens, the structure of GusR has not been examined. Here, we explore the molecular basis for GusR-mediated regulation of GUS expression in response to small-molecule glucuronides. Presented are 2.1-Å-resolution crystal structures of GusRs from Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica in complexes with a glucuronide ligand. The GusR-specific DNA operator site in the regulatory region of the E. coli GUS operon is identified, and structure-guided GusR mutants pinpoint the residues essential for DNA binding and glucuronide recognition. Interestingly, the endobiotic estradiol-17-glucuronide and the xenobiotic indomethacin-acyl-glucuronide are found to exhibit markedly differential binding to these GusR orthologs. Using structure-guided mutations, we are able to transfer E. coli GusR's preferential DNA and glucuronide binding affinity to S. enterica GusR. Structures of putative GusR orthologs from GUS-encoding Firmicutes species also reveal functionally unique features of the Enterobacteriaceae GusRs. Finally, dominant-negative GusR variants are validated in cell-based studies. These data provide a molecular framework toward understanding the control of glucuronide utilization by opportunistic pathogens in the human gut.
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Huang L, Nikolic D, van Breemen RB. Hepatic metabolism of licochalcone A, a potential chemopreventive chalcone from licorice (Glycyrrhiza inflata), determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:6937-6948. [PMID: 29127460 PMCID: PMC6324850 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0642-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of the chemoprevention agent licochalcone A, which is a chemopreventive chalcone found in abundance in the licorice species Glycyrrhiza inflata, was investigated using human liver microsomes and human hepatocytes combined with analysis using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Five oxygenated phase I metabolites of licochalcone A were formed by human liver microsomes, including a catechol on the A-ring, two intramolecular cyclization products following epoxidation of the exocyclic alkene at position 5 of the B-ring, and two dioxygenated products. Nine phase II monoglucuronides of licochalcone A and its oxygenated phase I metabolites were formed during incubation with human hepatocytes. These included (E)-licochalcone A-4-glucuronide, (E)-licochalcone A-4'-glucuronide, (Z)-licochalcone A-4-glucuronide, glucuronic acid conjugates of all of the monooxygenated phase I metabolites, and glucuronides of the licochalcone catechol after methylation by catechol-O-methyl transferase. In addition, human hepatocytes formed one sulfate conjugate and one glutathione conjugate of licochalcone A. The structures of all major metabolites were determined using a combination of accurate mass measurement, LC-tandem mass spectrometry, LC-UV, nuclear magnetic resonance, and comparison with standards. The cytochrome P450 enzymes and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases responsible for the formation of the major metabolites were identified. Based on in vitro hepatic clearance calculations, licochalcone A is predicted to be metabolized primarily by phase II conjugation reactions. Graphical abstract Phase I and II metabolism of licochalcone A from the licorice species Glycyrrhiza inflata by human liver microsomes and hepatocytes determined using LC-MS/MS, LC-UV and NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyi Huang
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Dejan Nikolic
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Richard B van Breemen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, 833 S. Wood Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Wood FL, Houston JB, Hallifax D. Clearance Prediction Methodology Needs Fundamental Improvement: Trends Common to Rat and Human Hepatocytes/Microsomes and Implications for Experimental Methodology. Drug Metab Dispos 2017; 45:1178-1188. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.077040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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48
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Genetic variations in UGT2B28, UGT2B17, UGT2B15 genes and the risk of prostate cancer: A case-control study. Gene 2017; 634:47-52. [PMID: 28882566 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glucuronidation is a major pathway for elimination of exogenous and endogenous compounds such as environmental carcinogens and androgens from the body. This biochemical pathway is mediated by enzymes called uridine diphosphoglucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). Null (del/del) genes polymorphisms in UGT2B17, and UGT2B28 and D85Y single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of UGT2B15 have been reported to increase the risk of prostate cancer. The goal of this study was to determine the association of mentioned genetic variants with the risk of prostate cancer. We investigated the copy number variations (CNVs) of UGT2B17 and UGT2B28 loci and the association between rs1902023 polymorphism of UGT2B15 gene in 360 subjects consisted of 120 healthy controls, 120 prostate cancer (PC) patients and 120 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients. No association was detected for the mentioned polymorphisms and the risk of PC. However, a significant association was detected between UGT2B17 copy number variation and BPH risk (OR=2.189; 95% CI, 1.303-3.675; p=0.003). Furthermore, we observed that the D85Y polymorphism increases the risk of BPH when analyzed in combination with the copy number variation of UGT2B17 gene (OR=0.135; 95% CI, 0.036-0.512; p=0.003). Our findings suggest that the D85Y polymorphism of UGT2B15 and CNVs in UGT2B28 and UGT2B17 genes is not associated with prostate cancer risk in Iranian patients. To our knowledge, this is the first report that implicates the role of CNV of UGT2B17 gene in BPH.
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Miners JO, Chau N, Rowland A, Burns K, McKinnon RA, Mackenzie PI, Tucker GT, Knights KM, Kichenadasse G. Inhibition of human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes by lapatinib, pazopanib, regorafenib and sorafenib: Implications for hyperbilirubinemia. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 129:85-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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50
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Ge S, Wei Y, Yin T, Xu B, Gao S, Hu M. Transport–Glucuronidation Classification System and PBPK Modeling: New Approach To Predict the Impact of Transporters on Disposition of Glucuronides. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:2884-2898. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shufan Ge
- Department
of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Houston, 1441 Moursund Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Yingjie Wei
- Key
Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, 100 Shizi Street, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Taijun Yin
- Department
of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Houston, 1441 Moursund Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Beibei Xu
- Department
of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Houston, 1441 Moursund Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Song Gao
- Department
of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Houston, 1441 Moursund Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Ming Hu
- Department
of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Houston, 1441 Moursund Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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